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Mojo Nixon

Neill Kirby McMillan Jr. (August 2, 1957 – February 7, 2024), known professionally as Mojo Nixon, was an American musician and actor best known for his novelty song "Elvis Is Everywhere", which was an alternative staple on MTV. His style could generally be defined as psychobilly, a musical genre which blends rockabilly with punk rock. Nixon hosted The Loon in the Afternoon radio show on Sirius XM.

Early career
Neill Kirby McMillan Jr. was born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on August 2, 1957. He paired with Skid Roper in the early 1980s in San Diego. Roper mostly provided instrumental backup to Nixon's lyrics. Nixon and Roper released their first album in 1985 on Enigma Records, Mojo Nixon and Skid Roper. The song "Jesus at McDonald's" from that album was the duo's first single.

Nixon and Roper's third album, 1987's Bo-Day-Shus!!!, featured the song "Elvis Is Everywhere", a deification of Elvis Presley, which is his best known song (Nixon later declared his personal religious trinity was Presley, Foghorn Leghorn, and Otis Campbell).

Mojo Nixon and Skid Roper were also recorded in San Francisco during these early years by producer Sylvia Massy at CD Presents for the Rat Music For Rat People compilation album.

Throughout the late 1980s, Nixon and Roper produced several satirical pieces lampooning contemporary celebrities, such as MTV VJ Martha Quinn, in "Stuffin' Martha's Muffin", and Rick Astley and Debbie Gibson, in "Debbie Gibson Is Pregnant with My Two-Headed Love Child". Nixon appeared in several promotional spots for MTV during this period, but the network's decision not to air the video for "Debbie Gibson Is Pregnant ..." prompted him to sever ties with the network. Meanwhile, Nixon and Roper also lampooned contemporary American culture and social issues in songs such as "I Hate Banks", "Burn Down the Malls", and "The Amazing Bigfoot Diet".

Nixon and Roper parted ways late in 1989. The following year Nixon recorded a solo album on Enigma Records called Otis. On this album, Nixon continued his assault on pop culture, as in the song "Don Henley Must Die", which caused a fresh round of controversy, even to the point of Nixon's record company begging radio stations not to play it. (Henley himself was unfazed; on July 31, 1992, at The Hole in the Wall in Austin, Texas, the former Eagle jumped onstage and performed the song with Nixon, causing Nixon to praise Henley as having "balls as big as church bells", as well as to ask, "Is Debbie Gibson here too?")

Later career
Shortly after Otis was released, Enigma Records went bankrupt, which left much of Nixon's early catalog in legal limbo. In the 1990s, Nixon released a handful of albums on several labels with a backup band known as the Toadliquors. These later albums included songs such as "You Can't Kill Me", "Orenthal James (Was a Mighty Bad Man)", and the controversial "Bring Me the Head of David Geffen", which was ultimately released on a B-side collection due to pressure from album distributors. Also among his later work was "Tie My Pecker to My Leg", which featured lyrics about bestiality, incest, and coprophilia.

In the mid-1990s, Nixon collaborated on albums with Jello Biafra (Prairie Home Invasion), Dave Alvin, and members of the Beat Farmers, including Buddy "Blue" Seigal (Live in Las Vegas by the Pleasure Barons). Country Dick Montana of the Beat Farmers, who was a close friend of Nixon's, was eulogized on Nixon's 1999 album, The Real Sock Ray Blue, after his 1995 death onstage of a heart attack.

Nixon retired from the music business in 2004, playing his last live show on March 20 of that year at the Continental Club in Austin, Texas. In later years, he occasionally performed at special events, as he did to support fellow musician Kinky Friedman's candidacy for Texas governor.

Acting
Nixon made his acting debut as drummer James Van Eaton in the 1989 Jerry Lee Lewis biographical film Great Balls of Fire!. The film starred Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder, the latter of whom appeared in Nixon's video for "Debbie Gibson Is Pregnant with My Two-Headed Love Child". The B-side to the "Debbie Gibson" song, which was also the subject of a video, was "(619) 239-KING", a follow-up to "Elvis is Everywhere" in which Nixon, responding to then-active rumors that Presley was still alive, invited the singer to call and leave a message on what was, at the time of release, a legitimate telephone number.

The 1990s also saw Nixon appear in a further five films, including Super Mario Bros. (1993) and Car 54, Where Are You? (1994).

In 1997, Nixon voiced the character of Sheriff Lester T. Hobbes, a recurring enemy in the computer game Redneck Rampage. The game's licensed psychobilly soundtrack also features two of his songs. There was even a promotional music video filmed for the game featuring the song.

DJing and other media
In the late 1990s, Nixon worked as a radio disc jockey in San Diego (on KGB-FM) and Cincinnati starting his career in 1998 on WLW before moving to WEBN.

In 1998, he had a short run as an advice columnist with "Life Fixin' with Mojo Nixon". Only two columns were authored, and both ran in the short-lived Peterbelly Magazine. That year he was also the honorary captain of the United States luge team at the 1998 Winter Olympics. In response to this, Nixon invited members of the men's doubles squad to work on a song for the Games: "Luge Team U.S.A.". The song was recorded by Nixon along with members of the Beat Farmers and luger Gordon Sheer playing drums under the band name The Arctic Evel Knievels.

In 2008, he was hosting three shows on Sirius Satellite Radio: The Loon in the Afternoon on Outlaw Country (channel 60), the NASCAR-themed Mojo Nixon's Manifold Destiny on SIRIUSXM NASCAR Radio (channel 90) and the politically themed Lyin' Cocksuckers on Raw Dog Comedy (channel 99). In October 2005, Nixon began appearing on the Sirius Howard 100 channel as the "General Manager". On November 8, 2016, Nixon did his final "Lying Cocksuckers" show, saying he would be back next year with another show on RawDog Comedy on Sirius/XM. Nixon hosted a weekday program on Steven Van Zandt’s Outlaw Country channel on SiriusXM.

"Unretired"
Nixon's first comeback was in 2006 when he came out of retirement in support of Kinky Friedman's bid to become Governor of Texas. As Nixon said at the time, "If supporting Kinky for governor is what it takes to drag my ass out of retirement, consider my ass dragged."

In October 2009, he announced his "unretirement" on his website with the release of his album Whiskey Rebellion, a collection of previously unreleased tracks he claimed he had found in "an old shoe box full of cassette tapes" under his front porch. To promote the CD, he announced the temporary free downloads of the CD tracks and several of his solo albums (and albums with Skid Roper) on Amazon.com, along with a tour of several Texas locations. In a press release, he stated, "Can't wait for Washington to fix the economy. We must take bold action now. If I make the new album free and my entire catalog free it will stimulate the economy. It might even over-stimulate the economy. History has shown than when people listen to my music, money tends to flow to bartenders, race tracks, late night greasy spoons, bail bondsman, go kart tracks, tractor pulls, football games, peep shows and several black market vices. My music causes itches that it usually takes some money to scratch."

The Mojo Manifesto: The Life and Times of Mojo Nixon
In 2013, Freedom Records & Films announced that they were producing a documentary film, The Mojo Manifesto, to be released in 2014. The film premiered at the 2022 South By Southwest festival.

On February 21, 2023, Freestyle Digital Media announced that it had acquired worldwide rights to the film, slating it for a March 17 release across VOD platforms.

Family
Nixon and his wife, Adaire, have two sons.

Views
Nixon was an outspoken supporter of free file sharing of recordings in MP3 and other formats. In July 2000, he publicly declared his support because he said that he was "not an asshole like Metallica." In October 2009, several of his albums were available free on Amazon.com in MP3 format for a limited time as part of a promotion for his CD Whiskey Rebellion.

Nixon was a self-described "libertarian cynicalist anarchist" and supported Barack Obama in 2012. He was also a member of the Church of the SubGenius.

Death
Nixon died from a "cardiac event" on February 7, 2024, while aboard the Outlaw Country Cruise (docked in San Juan, Puerto Rico), which he attended as a performer and host; he was 66 years old. Two days later, James Van Eaton, who he portrayed in Great Balls of Fire!, also died. Among the memorial events held in honor of Nixon was an all-day concert in Austin, Texas in March 2024 during the South by Southwest festival.

Discography
With Skid Roper
 * Mojo Nixon and Skid Roper (1985)
 * Get Out of My Way! (1986)
 * Frenzy (1986)
 * Bo-Day-Shus!!! (1987)
 * Root Hog or Die (1989)
 * Unlimited Everything (1990)

Solo
 * Otis (1990)
 * Whereabouts Unknown (1995)
 * Gadzooks!!! The Homemade Bootleg (1997)
 * Mojo Nixon Live at The Casbah December 28, 2003 (2003) {MP3 Only Release}
 * Whiskey Rebellion (2009)

Mojo Nixon and the Toadliquors
 * Horny Holidays! (1992)
 * Prairie Home Invasion (with Jello Biafra) (1994)
 * The Real Sock Ray Blue! (1999)

Other
 * Live in Las Vegas (Pleasure Barons) (with the Pleasure Barons) (1994)
 * Redneck Rampage Video Game Soundtrack (Interplay/Xatrix Entertainment) (1997)

Filmography

 * Great Balls of Fire! (1989) – James Van Eaton
 * Rock 'n' Roll High School Forever (1990) – Spirit of Rock n' Roll
 * Super Mario Bros. (1993) – Toad
 * Car 54, Where Are You? (1994) – Sidewalk Preacher
 * Raney (1997) – Sneeds Perry
 * Die Wholesale (1998)
 * Buttcrack (1998) – Preacher Man Bob
 * A Four Course Meal (2006) – Bartender

title: Mojo Nixon


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Talk:Flag of Nepal

Irregular flags
The first sentence of the article says: "The national flag of Nepal...is the world's only irregular flag acting as both the state flag and civil flag of a sovereign country." The word irregular links to the page for irregular polygons. Non-square rectangles are irregular polygons, though, so most flags would be be irregular polygons. Is there a different word that can be used here instead? — Preceding unsigned comment added by User.name.here (talk • contribs) 16:08, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

Non-rectangular flags
I'm not sure, but as much as I know there are 2 other national flags that aren't rectangualar: The flag of Switzerland and the flag of the Vatican City.

Maybe somebody could check this and edit the main article accordingly. (I didn't do it, because I'm note sure.)

--Eddie2 13:21, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * sighs Vatican City's and Switzerland's flags are *SQUARES*. Squares are rectangles. Case closed. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 21:39, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, but I added this to clarify:

"It is also one of only three national flags whose shape is not of a rectangle with unequal sides (the other two being Switzerland and Vatican City, which are square)."

Hope this is a good solution...74.108.140.119 04:58, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

If you look in the edit history of this page, you'll see that some information about the flag's meaning has been removed without comment. I haven't time to verify it, but since the editor wasn't even logged in, I think it would bear checking out. -- IMSoP 21:50, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * This is the guy: Special:Contributions/68.225.158.2. I don't get it either. --Menchi 23:54, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC)

The information given in the article about Flag of Nepal in www.wikipedia.org is not totally correct. The shape of the current national flag comes from the traditional heritage. Some temples built during the period of Malla dynasty rulars before 19th century in Kathmandu valley have metallic flags on their roofs very much similar to the present day national flag. The current flag was adopted from those symbols on the roofs of the temples and not as described in article.

Rectangle
I am not saying that the rectangle version is a farce but please provide some citation for it. thanks --Kushalt 17:45, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. I've looked up several pages of results on google with no evidence except on wikipedia. I suggest that it be removed until a source can be found.  S♦s♦e♦b♦a♦l♦l♦o♦s  ( Talk to Me  ) 00:58, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I've removed the rectangular version, and it should stay that way until its existence can be proven. Jon Harald Søby (talk) 23:01, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Determination
I think we should determine once and for all what the sentence claiming that the Nepalese flag is the only [blah blah blah] should say, and then leave an invisible note on the actual article (ie a warning any potential editors what we have determined the sentence to say that someone just reading the article would not see). Keep in mind that a square is in fact a rectangle, and even if it wasn't a rectangle, listing any flags that are squares in the article would have to include not only Switzerland, but also the Holy See and most of the Swiss Cantons, thereby making the claim that the Nepalese flag is the only non-rectangular flag in the world besides 30 others kind of pointless.--Nkrosse (talk) 21:51, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

New flag
Any word on whether the new republican/communist government will change the flag? --Tocino 07:19, 29 June 2008 (UTC) They have changed the flag but I couldn't find the information anywhere on net. Nepal is also not Hindu Nation anymore.--Nikhil Sanjay Bapat (talk) 02:59, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Canada Mohamed younes Ismail (talk) 00:28, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

Vague Descriptions of Symbolisms
A number of vague description of symbolisms exist in this article. Statements such as "the two triangles signify two religions/ mountains..." etc. are not verifiable and may not be suitable as encyclopedic content. It is proposed that they be removed. S|O|Y (talk) 02:48, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

World's only non-quadrilateral *national* flag
The point I'm trying to make is, Nepal isn't the only country with a non-... flag. Never forget the micronations! I think we should add something to this sentence signifying that it is the only non-... flag of a country that is internationally recognized. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Trppmdm (talk • contribs) 22:05, 28 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't see any non-quadrilateral flags in Flags of micronations. And even if there were any I don't think anyone considers micronations when talking about countries. SiBr4 (talk) 22:53, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

FIFA Canada soccer players agent Mohamed younes Ismail (talk) 00:30, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

Dilipdilufj
Dilipdilufj — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2400:1A00:B040:EFD2:3D60:E183:8FC:AAE5 (talk) 15:46, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

"world's only irregular flag"
The vast majority of national flags are irregular, since they are not equilateral. Inequiangular might be a suitable alternative. National flag should also probably be clarified since flag by itself suggests any flag in any situation. 𝐗𝐚𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧 talk sandbox contribs 02:57, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Community Economic and Social Development II
— Assignment last updated by Shushah (talk) 01:08, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Flag of Nepal


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Talk:Mural

Confusing
The first few sentences are confusing (me).

First: Mural = art on a permanent wall

Second: Has to incorporate architecture harmoniously

Third: Wallpainting may be done on canvas and then attached to the wall

So now I remain wondering ... Is a mural the same as a wall painting or even a wall painting just one kind of mural ? And what about that second requirement ? Is a wall painting that does not incorporate any architecture not a mural ? I think that could/should be expressed in such a way that the reader understands it without any doubt remaining. JB. --92.195.31.11 (talk) 11:19, 18 August 2019 (UTC)

I find the end this passage in History confusing: "The best-known is probably fresco, which uses water-soluble paints with a damp lime wash, rapid use of the resulting mixture over a large surface, and often in parts (but with a sense of the whole)." Does it mean it was completed in discrete parts but conceived as a whole? Hephae3tion (talk) 18:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

A while ago I tried to improve this page by making it clear that a mural has to be on a wall. My edit was described as vandalism and removed. While it's patent nonsense that a mural can be anywhere else than on a wall, the article now says that it can, and without any authoritative citation. No wonder you find it confusing. Dominic Cronin (talk) 12:26, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:22, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Angennette Escobar Standing On Ladder.jpg

Mural
U should speak English 122.161.29.180 (talk) 13:36, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

Difference between mural and graffiti
What exactly is the difference between mural and graffiti? Both are using many techniques (scretching, painting, spraying,..), both are artistic and sometimes not, both existing since ancient times!? Thx --W like wiki good to know 09:05, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

→ Main discussion here: Talk:Graffiti #Difference

title: Talk:Mural


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Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression

The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE), formerly named the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit civil liberties group founded in 1999 with the mission of protecting freedom of speech on college campuses in the United States. FIRE changed its name in June 2022, when it broadened its focus from colleges to freedom of speech throughout American society.

Overview
The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education was co-founded by Alan Charles Kors and Harvey Silverglate in 1999, who were FIRE's co-directors until 2004. Kors and Silverglate had co-authored a 1998 book opposing censorship at colleges. Silverglate had served on the board of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Massachusetts. Kors served as FIRE's first president and chairperson. Its first executive director and, later, CEO, was Thor Halvorssen. It was founded to be non-ideological and nonpartisan.

FIRE files lawsuits against colleges and universities that it perceives as curtailing First Amendment rights of students and professors. FIRE has been described as a competitor of the ACLU.

FIRE has received major funding from groups which primarily support conservative and libertarian causes, including the Bradley Foundation, Sarah Scaife Foundation, and the Charles Koch Institute. Among its other donors is the Hugh M. Hefner Foundation and, FIRE president Greg Lukianoff told Politico, the center-left Knight Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies. According to The New York Times journalist Cecilia Capuzzi Simon, "There are other groups that fight for First Amendment rights on campus, but none as vocal—or pushy—as FIRE." The Times also referred to FIRE as a "familiar irritant to college administrators" and said FIRE "bristles at the right-wing tag often applied to them." Cathy Young, a Cato Institute fellow and columnist for The Bulwark, wrote that "FIRE has handled many cases involving speech suppression in the name of progressive values, [but] it is that rare group which actually means it when it claims to be nonpartisan", noting that it had sued on behalf of a professor who was fired because of a negative tweet about Mike Pence.

In June 2022, FIRE announced it was expanding its efforts beyond college campuses, to American society. It was renamed Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, keeping the acronym FIRE. It detailed a $75 million expansion plan over three years to focus on "litigation, public education, and research." Josh Gerstein wrote in Politico that "part of the push may challenge the American Civil Liberties Union's primacy as a defender of free speech." Politico also wrote that FIRE would spend $10 million on "planned national cable and billboard advertising featuring activists on both ends of the political spectrum extolling the virtues of free speech."

In April 2023, FIRE hosted a gala in New York City to celebrate its expanded mission. The event featured keynote remarks by rapper Killer Mike, who told the audience, "Right now, in this country, your freedom of speech is at risk."

Organization
FIRE is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with another office in Washington, D.C. As of October 2023, Politico reported that FIRE employs 109 people, including 42 lawyers, and has an annual budget of nearly $37 million.

Leadership
First Amendment attorney and The Coddling of the American Mind co-author Greg Lukianoff serves as president and CEO. Nico Perrino is executive vice president. Ira Glasser, former executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), serves on FIRE's Advisory Council. Former ACLU President Nadine Strossen is a Senior Fellow.

Campus speech
FIRE rates colleges with a red, yellow, or green light based on its assessments of speech restrictions, with a red light meaning that a college policy "both clearly and substantially restricts freedom of speech." FIRE's percentage of colleges with "red light" speech codes increased in 2022 for the first time in 15 years. FIRE also gives colleges that do not promise their students free speech rights a "warning" rating. In 2007, Jon B. Gould, an author and George Mason University faculty member, criticized FIRE's rating methods, arguing that FIRE had exaggerated the prevalence of unconstitutional speech codes.

In 2020, FIRE partnered with College Pulse and RealClearEducation to release the College Free Speech Rankings, a comparison of student free-speech environments at America's top college campuses. The rankings incorporate FIRE's speech code ratings, but also include surveys of students at the ranked schools. In their 2024 rankings, FIRE and College Pulse ranked over 248 schools and surveyed a total of 55,102 students, with Michigan Technological University achieving the top ranking and Harvard University receiving the worst ranking.

FIRE has challenged free speech zones on college campuses, claiming they are unconstitutional restrictions on First Amendment rights. The organization has provided legal support to students contesting free speech zones, while also supporting legislation to eliminate such zones. In his book Speech Out of Doors: Preserving First Amendment Liberties in Public Places (Cambridge University Press, 2008), law professor Timothy Zick wrote "in large part due to [FIRE's] litigation and other advocacy efforts, campus expressive zoning policies have been highlighted, altered, and in a number of cases repealed."

Social media censorship
FIRE opposes efforts by the government to pressure private social media companies to censor speech on their platforms. The group argues that "efforts to 'jawbone' private platforms into granting government officials a role in decisions about content moderation must fail." FIRE chief counsel Robert Corn-Revere called a federal judge's 2023 order blocking the government from pressuring social media companies to censor "a win for the First Amendment."

Challenges to college residence life programs
In 2007, the organization said that a mandatory program for students living in dormitories at the University of Delaware resembled "thought reform". The school suspended it.

Student press
At the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, FIRE opposed university practices that required student journalists to submit their questions ahead of time or seek permission from the school before interviewing university employees. After FIRE intervened, the university revised its practices to no longer require prior approval before interviews.

Campus security fees
FIRE has opposed security fees some campuses charge to groups which host controversial speakers. These fees are charged to pay for extra security, which colleges say is necessary due to the likelihood of demonstrations and disruption of events.

In March 2009, FIRE challenged a security fee charged to a UC Berkeley group for a speech by Elan Journo, who advocates for the destruction of Palestine. In 2014, FIRE assisted the Kalamazoo Peace Center in its lawsuit against Western Michigan University, after the university said the peace center could only invite social activist and rapper Boots Riley to speak on campus if it paid a security fee. The school settled the lawsuit and agreed to revise its policies. In April 2022, FIRE challenged a security fee charged to Dartmouth College's Republican group for hosting a speech by Andy Ngo.

Due process
FIRE also targets situations where students and faculty are adjudicated outside the bounds of due process afforded to them by Constitutional law or stated university policy.

FIRE has argued for more rights for students facing sexual assault allegations. In 2011, FIRE opposed the Education Department's "Dear Colleague" letter that urged universities to use a "preponderance of the evidence" standard instead of the criminal justice system's "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard in sexual assault cases. In 2020, FIRE supported new rules made by the Department of Education during the Trump administration about sexual assault and harassment cases that required colleges to allow the cross-examination of accusers.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion
FIRE opposes some diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts on college campuses that it says infringe on the free speech and academic freedom rights of students and faculty members. For example, FIRE objects to mandatory "diversity statements" that require faculty to explain their commitment to DEI as part of the hiring and evaluation process. The group argues that such requirements can function as "political litmus tests" that force faculty to accept certain "political or ideological viewpoints for which there is no consensus." It has drafted model legislation to abolish the use of diversity statements.

In 2023, FIRE released a survey that asked 1,500 college faculty for their views on the use of diversity statements. Half of the respondents said they are "a justifiable requirement for a job at a university." The other half of respondents claimed they are "an ideological litmus test that violates academic freedom," including 90 percent of conservative faculty. Later that year, FIRE filed a lawsuit against the California Community Colleges system, which the organization says forces professors to promote politicized DEI concepts.

Public and private universities
FIRE has argued that public schools are required to uphold First Amendment protections for their students and faculty members because they are government entities. Although private schools are not bound by the First Amendment, FIRE has said contractual promises they make related to free speech or academic freedom should be upheld.

Public universities
FIRE joined with a number of other civil liberties groups in the case of Hosty v. Carter, involving suppression of a student newspaper at Governors State University in Illinois, and has been involved in a case at Arizona State University where it condemned the listing of certain sections of a class as open only to Native American students.

FIRE sparred with the University of New Hampshire in 2004 over its treatment of student Timothy Garneau, who was expelled from student housing after he wrote and distributed a flier joking that female classmates could lose the "freshman fifteen" by taking the stairs instead of the elevator. After FIRE publicly criticized the decision, Garneau was reinstated.

In May 2007, Valdosta State University expelled T. Hayden Barnes, who had protested against the construction of two new parking garages on the campus which he saw as encouraging the use of private transportation. University president Ronald Zaccari misconstrued a caption of the proposed garages as the "Ronald Zaccari Memorial Parking Garage" as a threat to himself. With FIRE support, the expulsion was overturned and a court found VSU to have violated Barnes's due process rights.

In 2008, college professor Kerry Laird was ordered by Temple College to remove the quote, "Gott ist tot" (God is Dead), a famous quote from Friedrich Nietzsche, from his office door. FIRE wrote a letter to the Temple administration hinting at the possibility of legal action.

In October 2011, Catawba Valley Community College suspended a student (Marc Bechtol) for complaining on Facebook about a new policy that required students to sign up for a debit card to get their student ID and grant money. CVCC decided that the comments were "disturbing" and a "threat", and used that reasoning to suspend the student. FIRE took the side of the student. Charges were dropped in December 2011.

In 2012, FIRE filed a lawsuit against Iowa State University (ISU) after ISU prevented the university's chapter of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws from designing T-shirts featuring the school's mascot. The lawsuit eventually ended with nearly $1 million in damages and fees awarded.

In 2014, FIRE sued Chicago State University (CSU) for trying to shut down a faculty blog critical of CSU's former administration. The school eventually agreed to rewrite its speech policies, paying $650,000 to settle the lawsuit.

In 2021, FIRE filed a First Amendment lawsuit on behalf of an Eastern Virginia Medical School student who said his free speech rights were violated when the school denied recognition to a club that he was trying to establish because it supported universal health care. In March 2022, the school settled the lawsuit. Later that year, the organization helped University of Washington professor Stuart Reges take action against the school after it recommended that he include a Native American "land acknowledgment" on his course syllabus. FIRE is also representing conservative students at California-based Clovis Community College, where school administrators reportedly removed the students' anti-communism flyers from campus bulletin boards.

In 2021, in response to the board of trustees at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill declining to give Nikole Hannah-Jones tenure, FIRE released a statement saying "if it is accurate that this refusal was the result of viewpoint discrimination against Hannah-Jones, particularly based on political opposition to her appointment, this decision has disturbing implications for academic freedom."

In September 2022, FIRE announced a lawsuit challenging Florida's Stop WOKE Act, arguing that the bill unconstitutionally suppresses certain discussions of race and sex on college campuses. That November, a federal judge considering lawsuits by FIRE and the ACLU stopped enforcement of the higher education portions of the law, calling them "positively dystopian" and ruling that the law violates the rights of university students and faculty members. New York Magazine's Jonathan Chait wrote that, while FIRE "has stood up against speech restriction from both the right and the left," it was notable that "the most effective opponent of left-wing political correctness" had led the effort against Florida Governor Ron DeSantis' "signature campus law."

In March 2023, FIRE filed a lawsuit challenging a ban on student drag shows at West Texas A&M University, which the group called an "unlawful attempt to censor students." In a letter to the campus community, university president Walter Wendler called drag shows "divisive" and "demeaning" to women, despite acknowledging that the law appeared to require him to allow such shows.

Private universities
FIRE has criticized Columbia University's sexual misconduct policy; according to FIRE, the policy "lack[ed] even the most minimal safeguards and fundamental principles of fairness". The criticism led to the resignation of Charlene Allen, Columbia's program coordinator for the Office of Sexual Misconduct Prevention and Education, whose policies were at the center of the controversy.

FIRE criticized Brandeis University for disciplining politics professor Donald Hindley. The school's provost informed Hindley in October 2007 that comments he made in his Latin American politics class violated the school's anti-harassment policy. Hindley was alleged to have mentioned the slur "wetback" in class during a discussion about racism toward Mexican-American immigrants. Krauss placed a monitor in Hindley's class and ordered him to attend racial sensitivity training.

In 2015, FIRE defended Erika Christakis, associate master of Yale University's Silliman College, after she questioned the school's Intercultural Affairs Council for highlighting the cultural implications of Halloween costumes.

In 2021, FIRE advocated on behalf of Stanford University student Nicholas Wallace, who satirized the Federalist Society and Republican political figures in an email to his peers. Wallace's diploma was initially put on hold for the email, prompting FIRE to contact Stanford in his defense. The school's investigation was ultimately dropped and Wallace was allowed to graduate.

In 2022, FIRE released a series of advertisements in Boston, Massachusetts, accusing Emerson College of censoring free speech on campus. The ad campaign came in response to Emerson investigating and suspending the campus chapter of Turning Point USA, which distributed stickers featuring a hammer and sickle with the caption "China Kinda Sus" (slang for "suspicious"). Emerson claimed the stickers represented "anti-China hate", while FIRE blamed the school for violating "freedom of expression".

FIRE objected to Hamline University's 2022 decision to punish adjunct professor Erika López Prater after she showed students in her art history course a painting of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. FIRE argued this violated the professor's academic freedom rights, filing a complaint with the university's accreditor.

Off-campus
In August 2022, FIRE defended the nonprofit group NeuroClastic, which had been threatened with a defamation lawsuit by the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center after criticizing the center's use of electro-shock devices. That month, FIRE challenged the New York State Senate's practice of blocking critics on Twitter, representing a resident who had criticized gun control legislation.

FIRE filed a lawsuit in December 2022 on behalf of First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh and online platforms Rumble and Locals, challenging a New York state law that requires social networks to police hate speech on their platforms. Writing in The Wall Street Journal after the lawsuit was filed, Volokh claimed, "I don't want to moderate such content and I don't endorse the state's definition of hate speech." In February 2023, a federal judge blocked the law, writing that it "chills the constitutionally protected speech of social media users, without articulating a compelling governmental interest or ensuring that the law is narrowly tailored to that goal."

In 2022, FIRE filed a lawsuit against the city of Eastpointe, Michigan and its mayor, Monique Owens. The lawsuit alleged that Owens unconstitutionally shut down residents' criticism of her during the public comment period of city council meetings. That December, a federal judge issued an injunction that prevented Owens from interrupting or shutting down speakers at council meetings.

Media, advertising, and sponsorships
Since 2011, FIRE has published a list of the "worst colleges for free speech".

Since 2016, FIRE has produced "So to Speak: The Free Speech Podcast", hosted by Perrino. FIRE partnered with Korchula Productions and the DKT Liberty Project to produce Can We Take a Joke?, a documentary released in 2016 about comedy and speech.

In 2017, FIRE was listed as one of the sponsors of the conservative campus group Turning Point USA's Student Action Summit, according to tax records.

In 2020, FIRE released Mighty Ira, a documentary about Ira Glasser, focusing on his advocacy for free speech and civil rights. The Hollywood Reporter described it as "a warm portrait that poses ever-urgent questions." The Times of Israel said the documentary "initiates a war between your head and your gut."

In 2022, FIRE produced an advertisement featuring National Basketball Association (NBA) player Enes Kanter Freedom for the 2022 Winter Olympics in China, supporting freedom of speech. Freedom also shared his personal story about censorship in his home country of Turkey.


text:
Planning

Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. Some researchers regard the evolution of forethought - the capacity to think ahead - as a prime mover in human evolution. Planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. It involves the use of logic and imagination to visualize not only a desired result, but the steps necessary to achieve that result.

An important aspect of planning is its relationship to forecasting. Forecasting aims to predict what the future will look like, while planning imagines what the future could look like.

Planning according to established principles - most notably since the early-20th century - forms a core part of many professional occupations, particularly in fields such as management and business. Once people have developed a plan, they can measure and assess progress, efficiency and effectiveness. As circumstances change, plans may need to be modified or even abandoned.

In light of the popularity of the concept of planning, some adherents of the idea advocate planning for unplannable eventualities.

Psychology
Planning has been modeled in terms of intentions: deciding what tasks one might wish to do; tenacity: continuing towards a goal in the face of difficulty and flexibility, adapting one's approach in response implementation. An implementation intention is a specification of behavior that an individual believes to be correlated with a goal will take place, such as at a particular time or in a particular place. Implementation intentions are distinguished from goal intentions, which specifies an outcome such as running a marathon.

Neurology
Planning is one of the executive functions of the brain, encompassing the neurological processes involved in the formulation, evaluation and selection of a sequence of thoughts and actions to achieve a desired goal. Various studies utilizing a combination of neuropsychological, neuropharmacological and functional neuroimaging approaches have suggested there is a positive relationship between impaired planning ability and damage to the frontal lobe.

A specific area within the mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex located in the frontal lobe has been implicated as playing an intrinsic role in both cognitive planning and associated executive traits such as working memory.

Disruption of the neural pathways, via various mechanisms such as traumatic brain injury, or the effects of neurodegenerative diseases between this area of the frontal cortex and the basal ganglia, specifically the striatum (corticostriatal pathway), may disrupt the processes required for normal planning function.

Individuals who were born very low birth weight (<1500 grams) and extremely low birth weight are at greater risk for various cognitive deficits including planning ability.

The other region activated in planning process is default mode network which contributes to activity of remembering the past and imagine the future. This network distributed set of regions that involve association cortex and paralimbic region but spare sensory and motor cortex this is make possible planning process disruption by active task that uses sensory and motoric regions.

Neuropsychological tests
There are a variety of neuropsychological tests which can be used to measure variance of planning ability between the subject and controls.

 * Tower of Hanoi, a puzzle invented in 1883 by the French mathematician Édouard Lucas. There are different variations of the puzzle: the classic version consists of three rods and usually seven to nine discs of subsequently smaller size. Planning is a key component of the problem-solving skills necessary to achieve the objective, which is to move the entire stack to another rod, obeying the following rules:
 * Only one disk may be moved at a time.
 * Each move consists of taking the upper disk from one of the rods and sliding it onto another rod, on top of the other disks that may already be present on that rod.
 * No disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk.

 * Tower of London is another test that was developed in 1992 by Tim Shallice specifically to detect deficits in planning as may occur with damage to the frontal lobe. Test participants with damage to the left anterior frontal lobe demonstrated planning deficits (i.e., greater number of moves required for solution).

Test participants with damage to the right anterior, and left or right posterior areas of the frontal lobes, showed no impairment. The results implicating the left anterior frontal lobes involvement in solving the Tower of London were supported in concomitant neuroimaging studies which also showed a reduction in regional cerebral blood flow to the left pre-frontal lobe. For the number of moves, a significant negative correlation was observed for the left prefrontal area: i.e. subjects that took more time planning their moves showed greater activation in the left prefrontal area.

Business
Patrick Montana and Bruce Charnov outline a three-step result-oriented process for planning:
 * 1) Choosing a destination
 * 2) Evaluating alternative routes
 * 3) Deciding the specific course of the plan

In organizations, planning can become a management process, concerned with defining goals for a future direction and determining on the missions and resources to achieve those targets. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. The purpose may involve the achievement of certain goals or targets: efficient use of resources, reducing risk, expanding the organization and its assets, etc.

Public policy
Public policies include laws, rules, decisions, and decrees. Public policy can be defined as efforts to tackle social issues via policymaking. A policy is crafted with a specific goal in mind in order to address a societal problem that has been prioritized by the government.

Public policy planning includes environmental, land use, regional, urban and spatial planning. In many countries, the operation of a town and country planning system is often referred to as "planning" and the professionals which operate the system are known as "planners".

It is a conscious as well as sub-conscious activity. It is "an anticipatory decision making process" that helps in coping with complexities. It is deciding future course of action from amongst alternatives. It is a process that involves making and evaluating each set of interrelated decisions. It is selection of missions, objectives and "translation of knowledge into action." A planned performance brings better results compared to an unplanned one. A manager's job is planning, monitoring and controlling. Planning and goal setting are important traits of an organization. It is done at all levels of the organization. Planning includes the plan, the thought process, action, and implementation. Planning gives more power over the future. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. This bridges the gap from where the organization is to where it wants to be. The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them in logical order. An organization that plans well achieves faster goals than one that does not plan before implementation.

Personal
Planning is not just a professional activity: it is a feature of everyday life, whether for career advancement, organizing an event or even just getting through a busy day.

Alternatives to planning
Opportunism can supplement or replace planning.

Types of planning

 * Automated planning and scheduling
 * Business plan
 * Central planning
 * Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment
 * Comprehensive planning
 * Contingency planning
 * Economic planning
 * Enterprise architecture planning
 * Environmental planning
 * Event planning
 * Family planning
 * Financial planning
 * Land use planning
 * Landscape planning
 * Lesson planning
 * Marketing plan
 * Network resource planning
 * Operational planning
 * Planning Domain Definition Language
 * Regional planning
 * Site planning
 * Spatial planning
 * Strategic planning
 * Succession planning
 * Time management
 * Urban planning

title: Planning


text:
2002 in politics

These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2002.

January

 * January 1- Eduardo Duhalde is appointed President of Argentina. He appoints Jorge Capitanich as cabinet chief, Carlos Ruckauf as foreign minister; Felipe Solá becomes governor of Buenos Aires.
 * January 1- Safet Halilović becomes President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 * January 1- Manuel Andrade Díaz takes office as governor of Tabasco.
 * January 1- Kaspar Villiger becomes president of Switzerland; Pascal Corminboeuf becomes president of the Council of State of Fribourg; Claudio Lardi president of the government of Graubünden; Anita Rion president of the government of Jura; Ulrich Fässler Schultheiss of Luzern; Herbert Bühl president of the government of Schaffhausen; Rolf Ritschard Landammann of Solothurn; and Francine Jeanprêtre president of the Council of State of Vaud.
 * January 1- Michael Bloomberg takes office as mayor of New York City.
 * January 2- Levy Mwanawasa takes office as president of Zambia; Katele Kalumba becomes foreign minister.
 * January 4- Assad Shoman is sworn in as foreign minister of Belize.
 * January 6- Mikhail Lapshin wins Presidential run-off election in the Altai Republic.
 * January 7- Michelle Bachelet is named defense minister of Chile, becoming the first woman in Latin America to hold the post.
 * January 8- Kristiina Ojuland becomes foreign minister of Estonia.
 * January 8- John Farmer, Jr. becomes acting Governor of New Jersey, followed by John O. Bennett and then Richard Codey until governor-elect Jim McGreevey is sworn in.
 * January 10- Enrique Bolaños takes office as president of Nicaragua; Norman José Caldera Cardenal becomes foreign minister.
 * January 12- Mark Warner takes office as governor of Virginia.
 * January 13- In the Presidential runoff in Sakha, Vyacheslav Shtyrov is elected.
 * January 13- Diosdado Cabello is named executive vice-president of Venezuela.
 * January 14- Juan Babauta takes office as governor of the Northern Mariana Islands.
 * January 15- Bill Graham is named as foreign minister of Canada.
 * January 15- Pat Cox of Ireland is elected president of the European Parliament.
 * January 15- Vladimir Torlopov takes office as head of the Komi Republic.
 * January 18- P. S. Ramamohan Rao is sworn in as governor of Tamil Nadu.
 * January 18- Natalya Partasova is confirmed as prime minister of Chuvashia.
 * January 21- Yu Shyi-kun is named Premier of Taiwan; Eugene Chien is appointed as foreign minister; Fan Kuang-chun as governor of Taiwan Province.
 * January 22- Georgi Parvanov takes office as president of Bulgaria.
 * January 27- Ricardo Maduro takes office as president of Honduras; Guillermo Pérez Arias becomes foreign minister.
 * January 28- Imangali Tasmagambetov is appointed as the prime minister of Kazakhstan.

February

 * February 1- Yoriko Kawaguchi is named Foreign Minister of Japan.
 * February 4- Choi Sung Hong becomes foreign minister of South Korea.
 * February 8- Semyon Nazarov becomes prime minister of Sakha.
 * February 8- Hazret Medzhidovich Sovmen is sworn in as president of Adygea.
 * February 13- Amarinder Singh is sworn in as chief minister of Punjab.
 * February 14- Beriz Belkić becomes chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 * February 15- Angidi Chettiar becomes acting president of Mauritius who is soon replaced by Ariranga Pillay, and finally Karl Offmann.
 * February 15- Lázaro Cárdenas Batel is sworn in as governor of Michoacán
 * February 19- Mikhail Shatalov becomes prime minister of North Ossetia–Alania
 * February 22- Marc Ravalomanana declares himself President of Madagascar.

March

 * March 2- Narain Dutt Tiwari is sworn in as chief minister of Uttaranchal, now known as Uttarakhand.
 * March 3- Gabriel Costa's Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe wins parliamentary elections in São Tomé and Príncipe, he would later become Prime Minister.
 * March 4- Yvon Neptune is designated Prime Minister of Haiti.
 * March 4- Ibrahim Rugova is elected President of Kosovo; Bajram Rexhepi is appointed prime minister.
 * March 5- Mike Rann is sworn in as premier of South Australia.
 * March 6- Nikolay Demchuk is approved as prime minister of Adygeya.
 * March 7- James Bartleman takes office as lieutenant governor of Ontario.
 * March 15- Dragan Mikerević is elected Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 * March 18- Modibo Keita (born 1942) becomes Prime Minister of Mali.

April

 * April 1- Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari and Giovanni Francesco Ugolini take office as captains-regent of San Marino.
 * April 1- Hassan Muhammad Nur "Shatigadud" is sworn in as President of Southwestern Somalia.
 * April 1- Ernst Hasler takes office as Landammann of Aargau.
 * April 5- Otto Roberto Mendonça de Alencar becomes governor of Bahia; Benedita Souza da Silva Sampaio becomes governor of Rio de Janeiro.
 * April 6- José Manuel Durão Barroso is sworn in as prime minister of Portugal; António Martins da Cruz becomes foreign minister.
 * April 8- Alda Bandeira becomes Foreign Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe.
 * April 11- Sir John Vereker is sworn in as governor of Bermuda.
 * April 12- Pedro Carmona Estanga becomes president of the transitional government of Venezuela.
 * April 15- Ernie Eves becomes premier of Ontario.
 * April 18- Georg Milbradt becomes minister-president of the German of Free State of Saxony.
 * April 23- Charles-Louis Rochat becomes president of the Council of State of Vaud.
 * April 28- Nikolay Ashlapov becomes acting governor of Krasnoyarsk.
 * April 28- Bruno Koster is elected as Regierender Landammann of Appenzell-Innerrhoden.

May

 * May 1- Young Vivian is elected Prime Minister of Niue.
 * May 1- Thomas Burgener takes office as president of the Council of State of Valais; Ernst Buschor takes office as president of the government of Zürich.
 * May 2- Perry Christie is elected Prime Minister of The Bahamas, selects Fred Mitchell as Foreign Minister.
 * May 3- Dahir Riyale Kahin becomes President of Somaliland.
 * May 5- French Presidential elections, Jean-Pierre Raffarin named Prime Minister, Dominique de Villepin named Foreign Minister.
 * May 5- Jakob Kamm is elected Landammann of Glarus.
 * May 8- Abel Pacheco de la Espriella takes office as president of Costa Rica; Roberto Tovar Faja becomes foreign minister.
 * May 9- Acting governor installed in the Cayman Islands to serve until the arrival of Bruce Dinwiddy.
 * May 12- Sergey Katanandov takes office as head of the republic of Karelia.
 * May 13- Marcel Ranjeva named Foreign Minister of Madagascar.
 * May 16- Jean-Luc Harousseau becomes acting president of the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire.
 * May 16- Wolfgang Böhmer takes office as minister-president of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
 * May 20- Xanana Gusmão is sworn in as President of East Timor.
 * May 21- Patrizia Pesenti becomes president of the Council of State of Ticino.
 * May 22- Nikolay Tanayev is named acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
 * May 23- Murat Zyazikov is sworn in as president of Ingushetia.
 * May 27- Paddy Ashdown, Baron Ashdown, takes over as international high representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 * May 27- Péter Medgyessy is elected prime minister of Hungary; László Kovács becomes foreign minister.
 * May 29- Petr Švec becomes acting mayor of Prague.
 * May 30- Roy Chaderton is sworn in as foreign minister of Venezuela.

June

 * June 1- Elisabeth Zölch-Balmer becomes president of the government of Bern; Pierre Hirschy becomes president of the Council of State of Neuchâtel; Hans Peter Ruprecht becomes president of the government of Thurgau; and Gabi Huber Landammann of Uri.
 * June 3- Etienne Ys becomes prime minister of the Netherlands Antilles.
 * June 3- Piet Meyer is sworn in as acting premier of Western Cape, to be eventually replaced by Marthinus van Schalkwyk.
 * June 7- The Pakistani Foreign Minister offers his resignation, and is eventually replaced by Inam ul-Haq.
 * June 7- Viktor Maslov takes office as head of the administration of Smolensk Oblast.
 * June 8- Amadou Toumani Touré is sworn in as president of Mali. He eventually names Lassana Traoré Foreign Minister.
 * June 10- François Lonseny Fall is named foreign minister of Guinea.
 * June 12- Mohlabi Tsekoa becomes foreign minister of Lesotho.
 * June 14- Askar Aitmatov becomes foreign minister of Kyrgyzstan.
 * June 21- Jamiruddin Sircar becomes acting President of Bangladesh.
 * June 22- Matthias Platzeck is sworn in as Minister-President of Brandenburg.
 * June 26- Álvaro Silva Calderón of Venezuela is elected Secretary-General of OPEC.
 * June 27- Koffi Sama is named Prime Minister of Togo.
 * June 28- Élisabeth Morin becomes president of the Regional Council of Poitou-Charentes.

July

 * July 1- Frits Goedgedrag takes office as governor of the Netherlands Antilles
 * July 1- Elsbeth Schneider-Kenel becomes president of the government of Basel-Land; Leo Odermatt becomes Landammann of Nidwalden; Hans Hofer becomes Landammann of Obwalden; Peter Schönenberger becomes Landammann of Sankt Gallen, and Friedrich Huwyler becomes Landammann of Schwyz.
 * July 4- Jan Peter Balkenende is asked to form a new government as Prime Minister of the Netherlands; he will select Jaap de Hoop Scheffer as foreign minister, and Johan Remkes as interior minister.
 * July 6- Rama Jois is named as governor of Jharkhand.
 * July 9- The governor of Maharashtra resigns, he will eventually be replaced by C K Thakkar.
 * July 9- Members of the Peruvian cabinet resign, and are eventually replaced by Luis Solari as prime minister and Allan Wagner Tizón as foreign minister.
 * July 9- Ana Palacios is named foreign minister of Spain.
 * July 11- Chang Sang is named Prime Minister of South Korea.
 * July 11- The Foreign Minister of Turkey resigns. He is to be replaced by Şükrü Sina Gürel.
 * July 12- Vladimír Špidla is appointed as prime minister of the Czech Republic. Cyril Svoboda will become Foreign Minister.
 * July 15- Igor Nemec is elected mayor of Prague.
 * July 18- A. P. J. Abdul Kalam is elected president of India.
 * July 22- K. R. Malkani is appointed as lieutenant governor of Puducherry.
 * July 24- Alfred Moisiu takes office as President of Albania.
 * July 24- James Traficant was expelled from the United States House of Representatives after being convicted of ten felony counts.
 * July 27- New Zealand holds a general election, which Helen Clark's left-wing Labour Party wins, in coalition with the Progressive Party and confidence and supply from the United Future Party.

August

 * August 2- Saufatu Sopoanga is elected prime minister of Tuvalu by Parliament.
 * August 4- Congress chooses Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada as president of Bolivia.
 * August 5- Parliament elects Sir Michael Somare as prime minister of Papua New Guinea.
 * August 7- Álvaro Uribe Vélez is sworn in as president of Colombia; Carolina Barco is sworn in as foreign minister.
 * August 9- Chang Dae Whan is named Prime Minister of South Korea.
 * August 14- Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji becomes prime minister of Bhutan.
 * August 26- Viktor Aleksentsev is appointed acting Prime Minister of Ingushetia.
 * August 28- Theo-Ben Gurirab becomes Prime Minister of Namibia.

September

 * September 1- Supachai Panitchpakdi of Thailand becomes director-general of the WTO.
 * September 2- Ange Mancini takes office as prefect of French Guiana.
 * September 5- Iajuddin Ahmed is declared President-elect of Bangladesh.
 * September 10- Kim Suk Soo is named Prime Minister of South Korea.
 * September 15 - The Swedish general election leaves Prime Minister Göran Persson and the Social Democrats in power.
 * September 30- Lena Hjelm-Wallén is named defense minister of Sweden.

October

 * October 1- Giuseppe Maria Morganti and Mauro Chiaruzzi are installed as Captains-regent of San Marino.
 * October 3- Aleksandr Khloponin is named acting governor of Krasnoyarsk.
 * October 3- Maria das Neves is named Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe.
 * October 4- The King of Nepal would abolish his council of ministers, and would later hire Lokendra Bahadur Chand as Prime Minister.
 * October 5- Elections are held in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dragan Čović, Mirko Šarović, and Sulejman Tihić elected to the three seat presidency for the Croats, the Serbs, and the Muslim seats respectively.
 * October 9- Driss Jettou is appointed Prime Minister of Morocco.
 * October 12- The first Rodrigues Regional Assembly opens in Mauritius. Claude Wong So would later be appointed as chief executive.
 * October 14- Tom Macan is sworn in as Governor of the British Virgin Islands.
 * October 18- Nikolay Dudov becomes acting governor of Magadan.

November

 * November 1- Edward Roberts is sworn in as lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador.
 * November 1- Branko Crvenkovski is elected Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia.
 * November 2- Mufti Mohammad Sayeed takes office as chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir in Indian-held Kashmir.
 * November 3- Parliamentary elections are held in Turkey. Abdullah Gül would later become Prime Minister, Yaşar Yakış Foreign Minister.
 * November 4- Dennis Fentie is elected Premier of the Yukon.
 * November 4- Idrissa Seck is appointed Prime Minister of Senegal.
 * November 5- Einars Repše is nominated for Prime Minister of Latvia, and is named Prime Minister 2 days later, Sandra Kalniete becomes Foreign Minister.
 * November 5- The Republicans regain control of the Senate and expand their majority in the US House in midterm elections.
 * November 6- Peer Steinbrück is elected minister-president of North Rhine-Westphalia.
 * November 7- Mikhail Babich is appointed Prime Minister of Chechnya
 * November 14- Franco Frattini is appointed foreign minister of Italy.
 * November 15- Hu Jintao is appointed general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.
 * November 16- Viktor Yanukovych is asked to be Prime Minister of Ukraine
 * November 21- Zafarullah Khan Jamali is elected Prime Minister of Pakistan. He would later name Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri as Foreign Minister.
 * November 28- Pavel Bém is elected mayor of Praha.

December

 * December 1- Presidential elections are held in Slovenia; Anton Rop is named Prime Minister the next day.
 * December 1- Laurent Moutinot becomes president of the Council of State of Genève.
 * December 2- Frank Murkowski takes office as governor of Alaska; Linda Lingle takes office as governor of Hawaii.
 * December 3- Howard Pearce takes office as governor of the Falkland Islands.
 * December 3- Elections are held in Greenland, Hans Enoksen would later be sworn in as Prime Minister.
 * December 5- Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos is named Prime Minister of Angola.
 * December 8- Elections in Serbia fail to receive 50% of the popular vote, making them invalid. Nataša Mićić becomes acting president.
 * December 16- Jim Poston is sworn in as governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
 * December 20- Adnan Terzić is designated prime minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 * December 27- Mwai Kibaki wins Presidential elections in Kenya.
 * December 27- Ishratul Ibad takes office as governor of Sindh.
 * December 30- Mwai Kibaki sworn in as president of Kenya

Deaths

 * January 6- Former prime minister of Thailand, Sanya Thammasak.
 * January 19- Former prime minister of Finland, Martti Miettunen.
 * February 4- Former president of Malta, Agatha Barbara.
 * February 8- Former president of Singapore, Ong Teng Cheong.
 * March 8- Former prime minister and chairman of the Presidential Council of Benin, Justin Ahomadegbé.
 * March 12- Former president of Cyprus, Spyros Kyprianou.
 * March 22- Former governor-general of Papua New Guinea, Sir Kingsford Dibela.
 * April 16- Former president of Guatemala, Ramiro de León Carpio.
 * May 5- Former president of Bolivia, Hugo Banzer Suárez.
 * May 5- Former president of Dominica, Sir Clarence Augustus Seignoret.
 * May 19- Former prime minister of Australia, Sir John Grey Gorton.
 * June 4- Former president of Peru, Fernando Belaúnde Terry.
 * June 24- Former prime minister of Luxembourg, Pierre Werner.
 * July 13- Former prime minister and foreign minister of Peru, Guillermo Larco Cox.
 * July 14- Former president of the Dominican Republic, Joaquín Balaguer.
 * July 22- Former prime minister and foreign minister of Peru, Fernando Schwalb López Aldana.
 * August 30- Former prime minister of Jordan, Sharif Zaid Ibn Shaker.
 * September 8- Former president of Switzerland, Georges-André Chevallaz.
 * September 30- Former president of Switzerland, Hans-Peter Tschudi.
 * October 31- Former president of Greece, Michail Stasinopoulos.
 * December 5- Former prime minister of Myanmar, Ne Win.
 * December 22- Former president of Guyana, Desmond Hoyte.

title: 2002 in politics


text:
Fayez Banihammad

Fayez Rashid Ahmed Hassan al-Qadi Banihammad (فايز راشد احمد حسن القاضي بني حماد; 19 March 1977 – 11 September 2001), commonly known as Fayez Banihammad, was an Emirati terrorist who was one of five hijackers of United Airlines Flight 175, which crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001.

In 1999, Banihammad left the United Arab Emirates for Saudi Arabia, where he joined the al-Qaeda terrorist group. He met Mustafa al Hawsawi, who allegedly funded the attacks. He entered the United States with a tourist visa, and on August 29, 2001, Banihammad paid for his flight ticket. Flight 175 was meant to fly from Boston's Logan Airport to Los Angeles. On the day of the attacks, after the plane took off, his group of hijackers likely forced their way into the cockpit and stabbed the pilots to death. Marwan al-Shehhi, the only other Emirati involved in the attacks, took control of the plane, and flew it into the South Tower, killing everyone onboard.

Early life
Fayez Rashid Ahmed Hassan al-Qadi Banihammad (who used many aliases but is mainly known as Fayez Banihammad ) was born on 19 March, 1977. He was allegedly the son of a school principal, and grew up in the Khor Fakkan region of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Banihammad's family claimed he left the UAE in 1999, saying he was going to join an Islamic relief organization. Instead, he would go to Saudi Arabia, where he joined the al-Qaeda terrorist group. He and his family had only one phone call after he left.

Background
The September 11 attacks were a series of terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001, formulated by the al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammad. They would be committed by 19 attackers, targeting four different locations with hijacked commercial planes. Three of these locations were each of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. The fourth target was potentially the U.S Capitol Building, but the fourth plane was unsuccessful in hitting it, because of a revolt by its passengers.

Banihammad was one of the hijackers. He was described as one of the "bit players" within his group, which targeted the World Trade Center's South Tower. The others were Ahmed al-Ghamdi, Hamza al-Ghamdi, Marwan al-Shehhi, and Mohand al-Shehri. However, he still played a "unique role" in his group; during his time in Saudi Arabia, he met Saudi businessman Mustafa al Hawsawi, who is alleged to have funded the attacks. Banihammad had previously spent one year at university with al-Shehri. He was one of two Emiratis to participate in the attacks, the other being al-Shehhi. At the time of the attacks, he was 24.

Planning
Banihammad received his tourist visa on June 18, 2001, one of three hijackers which received their visa much later than the others. Khalid Sheikh Mohammad claimed these three hijackers were not replacements for unsuccessful candidates, but rather extra men to increase the odds of success. Before arriving to the United States, he made bank accounts in the United Arab Emirates, at the same bank and time as Hawsawi. Familiar with the country's procedures, Banihammad helped Hawsawi complete his account application. He gave Hawsawi $3,000 and granted him power of attorney over his own account, so Hawsawi could forward a bank card to him while he was in the United States. This is likely when Hawsawi's role as a financial facilitator of the attacks began. $30,000 was deposited into Banihammad's account on June 25. On June 27, he arrived to the United States using his tourist visa. He landed at Orlando after taking a flight from London. After that, he made Visa and ATM withdrawals from his UAE accounts.

Banihammad most likely lived in Florida during the planning, potentially with al-Shehhi and Mohammed Atta (the attacks' mastermind ) at their apartment in Hollywood, or with other hijackers. He reportedly took flight lessons with Atta in Florida. His pilot's license had an address for a flight school in Tulsa, but the school had no record of him attending. A person with his name did attend the Lackland Air Force Base Defense Language Institute in San Antonio. In July, he rented a postal box at Mail Boxes Etc. in Delray Beach, and on August 29, he paid for a first-class seat, 2A, on United Airlines Flight 175, using the postal address. The flight was scheduled to fly from Boston's Logan Airport to Los Angeles on September 11. It would depart from Logan Airport along with American Airlines Flight 11, which Atta was on.

In early September, Mustafa al-Hawsawi received a Western Union transfer of $26,000 from Atta, brothers Marwan and Waleed al-Shehri, and Banihammad. The FBI believed this transaction was the hijackers returning their unusued funds as they did not want to "die as thieves". al-Hisawi later cleaned out Banihammad's bank account in Dubai, and he could do so because he had power of attorney over it.

Day of the attacks
On September 11, Banihammad and his group checked in for Flight 175, which was scheduled to depart at 8:00 a.m.. They were armed with knives and mace, but none of them were checked by CAPPS. Between 7:23 and 7:28, the group boarded. Banihammad sat in seat 2A. There were 56 passengers and 9 crew onboard in total. At some point, while both Flight 11 and 175 were on the Logan tarmac, Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi talked on their cell phones, confirming their final plan. 175 departed Logan at 8:14. Around 8:42 to 8:46, the hijackers likely forced their way into the cockpit and stabbed the pilots to death. One of the hijackers stabbed the flight crew and told the other passengers to get back. Shehhi started controlling the plane. Five minutes later, he changed course.

At approximately 9:03 p.m., Flight 175 struck the South Tower. The plane, flying at 540 miles per hour, hit the 81st floor, and made a hole from the 77th to the 85th floors. All 65 people onboard the plane, including the hijackers, died. Flights 11 and 175 each heavily damaged their respective targets, and both towers collapsed. The South Tower collapsed first, at 9:59 a.m. More than 600 deaths came from the attack on the South Tower.

Aftermath
During the FBI's investigation into the attacks, they learned from Ahmed al-Hada, the father-in-law of hijacker Khalid al-Mihdhar, that Banihammad was Emerati. Banihammad was named as an unindicted co-conspirator in the indictment of Zacarias Moussaoui.

title: Fayez Banihammad


text:
Common-channel signaling

In telecommunication, common-channel signaling (CCS), or common-channel interoffice signaling (CCIS), is the transmission of control information (signaling) via a separate channel than that used for the messages, The signaling channel usually controls multiple message channels.

In the public switched telephone network (PSTN) one channel of a communications link is typically used for the sole purpose of carrying signaling for establishment and tear down of telephone calls. The remaining channels are used entirely for the transmission of voice messages. In most cases, a single 64 kbit/s channel is sufficient to handle the call setup and call clear-down traffic for numerous bearer (voice and data) channels.

The technical alternative to CCS is channel-associated signaling (CAS), in which each bearer channel has a dedicated signaling channel.

CCS offers the following advantages over CAS, in the context of the PSTN:
 * Faster call set-up time
 * Greater trunking efficiency due to the quicker set up and clearing, thereby reducing traffic on the network
 * Can transfer additional information along with the signaling traffic, providing features such as caller ID
 * Signaling can be performed mid-call

The most common CCS signaling methods in use are Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Signalling System No. 7 (SS7).

ISDN signaling is used primarily on trunks connecting end-user private branch exchange (PBX) systems to a central office. SS7 is primarily used within the PSTN. The two signaling methods are very similar since they share a common heritage and in some cases, the same signaling messages are transmitted in both ISDN and SS7.

Common channel signaling networks
A CCS network provides signaling message transfer for participating Common Channel Signaling Switching Offices (CCSSOs), databases, and operator systems. It is a packet-switched communication network that allows call control and transaction messages from the voice and data networks to be transferred on communications paths that are separate from the voice and data connections.

CCS messages provide for transaction-based services and for call control signaling between network nodes. The architecture for a CCS network is generally based on the geographical location of signaling points, the number and sizes of signaling points, the expected traffic load, and the services to be provided by the network.

Regardless of the type of architecture selected, the CCS network will consist of a combination of the following components:

 * Signaling Link - A communication path between two adjacent Signaling Points (SPs) in the CCS network.
 * Link Set - A set of signaling links that connects the same pair of adjacent signaling points.
 * Combined Link Set - A collection of link sets from a signaling node over which message traffic to a given destination is shared.
 * Signaling Point (SP) - An SP transmits, receives, and processes CCS(SS7) messages. An SP can be a Signaling End Point (SEP) or a Signaling Transfer Point (STP).
 * Signaling Transfer Point (STP) - An SP that performs message routing functions and provides switching of messages between SEPs.
 * Signaling End Point (SEP) - An SP, other than an STP, with the ability to serve as a source or a sink for CCS messages.
 * Service Control Point (SCP) - An SEP that acts as a database to provide information to another SEP, e.g., a Service Switching Point (SSP) or another SCP, for processing and/or routing certain types of network calls.
 * Signaling Gateway - Responsible for exchanging SS7 messages over a set of links from an SS7 node in a Voice Over Packet (VOP) network to a traditional PSTN network and encapsulating the user information (either ISUP for call setup or SCCP/TCAP for service related signaling) contained in the message for distribution to the Call Control Agent (CCA).
 * Internet Call Router (ICR) - Also called the Internet Offload, the ICR is a new network element used in the “post-switch" off-load architecture.
 * Switch - An SEP that is equipped to switch end user voice or data calls.
 * Combined Node (CN) – An SP that combines the functions of two or more types of SPs.
 * A-Link Concentrator (ALC) - An SP that has the Message Transfer Part (MTP) functionality of an STP and also serves as a CCSSO.

Interconnecting CCS networks
As CCS networks have continued to evolve, and network interconnection architectures and the services they support have grown more complex, it has become necessary to identify the type of behavior all network providers are expected to exhibit when specific requirements do not exist.

Providers of Interconnecting CCS networks and other interconnecting networks need information about the processes and interfaces that need to be supported to ensure that call originations routed via other interconnecting networks receive at least the same quality of service as intranetwork calls.

Telcordia GR-905, Common Channel Signaling Network Interface Specification (CCSNIS) Supporting Network Interconnection, Message Transfer Part (MTP), and Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISDNU), contains this important information and includes information for providers of Legacy Network Gateway and Legacy Selective Router Gateway systems to support the delivery of emergency calls between legacy origination networks and IP-enabled PSAPs, as well as emergency calls routed via Emergency Services IP Networks (ESInets) and legacy PSAPs that are served by Selective Routers. It provides explicit references to ANSI and ATIS Standards and ITU-T Recommendations.

title: Common-channel signaling


text:
CCS

CCS may refer to:

Business and brands

 * CC's, a corn chip brand
 * CCS.com, a skateboard/snowboard brand and retailer
 * Cross currency swap
 * Circuit City Stores, an American electronics retail company
 * Central Coast Section, of the California Interscholastic Federation

Computer science

 * Calculus of communicating systems, a modeling approach
 * Coded character set, in which each character corresponds to a unique number
 * Code Composer Studio, an integrated development environment for Texas Instruments processors
 * Common-channel signaling, a method of transmitting control information
 * complete corresponding source, a requirement for GNU General Public Licenses
 * ACM Computing Classification System, for publications
 * CeVIO Creative Studio, a speech and singing synthesis software

Entertainment

 * Cardcaptor Sakura, a manga and anime series
 * CCS (band), also known as C.C.S., a British music group

Education

 * Common Core State Standards Initiative, a United States educational standards effort
 * Carroll County Schools, in Mississippi's Carroll County School District
 * Coast Christian Schools, now known as Valor Christian Academy
 * College of Creative Studies, Santa Barbara, California
 * College for Creative Studies, Detroit, Michigan
 * Caroline Chisholm School, England
 * Cowbridge Comprehensive School, Wales
 * Calvary Christian School (Covington, Kentucky)
 * Cornway College a private, co-educational, day and boarding school in Zimbabwe
 * Coventry Christian Schools
 * Community Christian School (disambiguation)
 * Casino Christian School, New South Wales
 * Center for Cartoon Studies, an art institute

Energy

 * Carbon capture and storage, a technology used to reduce emissions from facilities such as thermal power plants
 * Copper-clad steel, a type of bimetallic conductor
 * Combined Charging System, a connector standard for fast charging electric vehicles

Gaming

 * Cases Computer Simulations, a video strategy and war game company
 * Candy Crush Saga, a puzzle video game

Organisations

 * Cabinet Committee on Security, in the Cabinet of India
 * Canadian Cancer Society
 * Canadian Cardiovascular Society
 * Casualty Clearing Station, a medical facility operated by British Empire forces during World War I
 * Ceylon Civil Service
 * Centre for Civil Society
 * China Communications Services
 * China Classification Society
 * Combined Chiefs of Staff, the supreme military command for the western Allies during World War II
 * Comparative Cognition Society, a scientific society for the study of animal cognition and comparative psychology
 * Computer Conservation Society
 * Consumers Cooperative Services, a network of New York City consumer cooperatives founded in the 1920s
 * Crippled Children Society, founded in New Zealand in 1935 by Alexander Gillies
 * Crown Commercial Service, an executive agency and trading fund of the Cabinet Office of the UK Government
 * Committee of Concerned Scientists, an organization supporting human rights of scientists around the world

Places

 * Abbreviation for Caracas, Venezuela
 * IATA code for Simón Bolívar International Airport in Caracas, Venezuela

Science

 * Cartesian coordinate system, a mathematical system
 * Capsanthin/capsorubin synthase, an enzyme
 * Cellular Confinement Systems (geocells), a honeycombed geosythethetic matrix filled with granular material
 * Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei), a scholarly organization
 * Chinese Chemical Society (Beijing), a scholarly organization
 * Critical community size, a parameter used in vaccination and eradication campaigns
 * Chemical formula for the compound thioxoethenylidene
 * CCS (gene), a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase
 * Chronic Covid Syndrome, long-term medical symptoms
 * Collision cross-section, a parameter in Ion mobility spectrometry

Sports

 * Canadian Cue Sport Association
 * CC Sabathia (born 1980), American baseball player
 * Cardiff City Stadium, in Wales
 * CIF Central Coast Section, part of the California Interscholastic Federation
 * Championship Cup Series, a motorcycle road racing sanctioning body
 * Capital City Service, a football hooligan gang attached to Hibernian FC
 * Collegiate Conference of the South, a US college sports conference

Other uses

 * Container closure system, the packaging components for a pharmaceutical dosage
 * Critical code studies
 * CYLD cutaneous syndrome, an inherited, familial disorder involving the development of multiple skin tumors

title: CCS


text:
User talk:Pjp~enwiki

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Speedy deletion nomination of Trophology

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title: User talk:Pjp~enwiki


text:
User:Sporran

Arrived at Wikipedia on 23 November 2003. Areas of contribution might be Aviation, Music, Geography, Geology, UK subjects

title: User:Sporran


text:
User talk:Sporran

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title: User talk:Sporran


text:
Talk:Signalling System No. 7

Number 7
I was a bit confused at first when I saw Signalling System #7 but I think that the # should be in the title, I can't find a referenced source at the moment as i'm about to go out. Let's agree here first what the title should be and then make the final change once and for all. ChrisUK (talk) 05:40, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It is certainly not "Signaling System Number #7". Please desist from putting both the word "Number" and the "#" together in the lede. — Dgtsyb (talk) 07:31, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

Going to the ITU website and downloading some of the relevant specs (Q701,2 etc) theres no hash in the title - they use "No." as in Signalling System No. 7. Its possible the hash just slipped in as shorthand by engineers rather than being part of the original name. beardybloke (talk) 11:17, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Sounds good enough to me. No # then seems like the way forward.  Should also remove the pound tag as well at the beginning.  To resolve the name completely, can you confirm whether the word 'number' included in the titles?  Is is Signaling System Number 7 or Signaling System 7?ChrisUK (talk) 21:43, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

 * All the ITU specs are free and online at www.itu.ch as PDF files, but in the main its neither, rather its "Signalling System No. 7" See this link as an example: I did look at a handful of others but not exhaustively beardybloke (talk) 13:23, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Deployment scope
Where is the protocol not in use in the PTSN? Is it used internally for pulse-dialed and touchtone landlines after the local central office? Is it used by cell phone handsets? -- Beland (talk) 18:36, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Apologies if I misunderstand your question, but its generally not in use around the edge of the network. where analogue signalling or other digital signalling systems are in use such as V5, GR303(? US V5 equivalent), similar proprietary systems or perhaps ISDN, etc are used more (or in the case of PBX singllaing then its DPNSS, DASS2, etc?) Its not in use on mobile handsets, though once it gets beyond the air interface it does become used by the upper layers of signalling employed by the handset? Its late and I'm giving up for the night but I'm sure someone else can be along to help you in more detail. beardybloke (talk) 23:12, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

I've been out of telecom for about 15 years, but even in the 1990's in Toronto, many businesses were switching from analog to digital trunks, particularly the T-1 variety (aka "Primary Rate Interface" or PRI) where they got 23 bearer channels and 1 signalling channel. If the customer CPE was up to date, that meant users could get calling line ID right to their extension on the PBX, DID trunks could use out-of-band signalling, etc. Granted most businesses in the world are small and use fewer than 10 telephone trunks (so don't need a PRI), but virtually every large business was changing out to PRI's. That's my experience; YMMV. 99.235.138.200 (talk) 14:58, 27 January 2015 (UTC)

F Links
The term F-Link, (and A-Link, B-Link etc), are not utilised in the ITU specifications and are not commonly known in Europe. The terminology in Europe relates to whether the link is directly connected to the SP or not. All signalling links directly connected to an SP are known as an Associated Signalling links, irrespective of whether they are connecting to an SEP, STP etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.91.191.29 (talk) 11:06, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

 * ITU-T Recommendation Q.700 Clause 2.3 identifies links attached to STP as quasi-associated and only links attached between SEP as associated. — Dgtsyb (talk) 06:44, 29 January 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved.   A rbitrarily 0   ( talk ) 23:34, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

Signaling System No 7 → Signalling System No. 7 – The name of the standard in ITU-T specifications ITU-T Recommendation Q.700 is the proposed title. Also, my hard copy of the American National Standards Institute ANSI T1.111-1992 has the proposed title, Signalling System No. 7. The current article title is simply wrong. — Dgtsyb (talk) 02:35, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment: It is not "simply wrong" under Wikipedia's guidelines if a commonly-used name and spelling (see WP:COMMONNAME) like the American English spelling of "signaling" (see WP:ENGVAR) is preferred over an official name and spelling (see WP:OFFICIALNAMES). Zzyzx11 (talk) 04:45, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment from the article, this appears to be more common in Europe than North America? So there seems like there should be an affinity towards British English, which would use the double-l, and as the official ANSI standard also uses the double-l, the double-l form would seem to be the better choice. 70.24.247.61 (talk) 05:02, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Move. The title is capitalised, hence it should be treated as a proper noun. Since the official documentation of the standard uses the double-l, we should follow unless there's overwhelming evidence people are using this "Signaling System No 7" with the single-l as a proper noun. Deryck C. 08:38, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Support as per comments above. Nageh (talk) 20:48, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

SS7 and "out-of-band"
I don't necessarily know if it's correct to say that SS7 uses "out-of-band" signaling, since that would be more like using the first 3500Hz for audio and then signaling in 3700Hz. I think it's more correct to say that SS7 uses common channel signaling, since bearer and control channels are distinctly separated in SS7. 63.211.239.34 (talk) 19:53, 28 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree with this point of view and it meshes with the older name, CCS7. Perhaps the "out of band" comes from a T1 system with 1 channel for signaling and 23 for transport.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.176.201.187 (talk) 02:09, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Out of band is a broad term. It not only applies strictly to frequency, but also distinct channels of transmission. Kbrose (talk) 15:30, 27 December 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 22 August 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Contested move and consensus is not to move. Because of this the article was not moved. Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 14:14, 30 August 2018 (UTC)

Signalling System No. 7 → Signaling System No. 7 – The article is spelled wrong (one L in signaling). The move should occur to correct the spelling. Mblumber (talk) 16:02, 22 August 2018 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). SarekOfVulcan (talk)  16:24, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

''18:34, October 13, 2011 Arbitrarily0 (talk | contribs | block) m. . (18,860 bytes) (0). . (moved Signaling System No 7 to Signalling System No. 7: requested move; consensus at Talk:Signalling System No. 7)
 * Contested because there are very reliable sources using the LL spelling. http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.700-199303-I/en. I could be convinced to move it, though. See also previous RM above. -- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 16:24, 22 August 2018 (UTC)
 * This has been moved multiple times in the past. There is also an WP:RETAIN issue here that has been ignored several times. Conclusion: ugh. Dekimasu よ! 20:45, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

''04:32, June 26, 2011 Johnuniq (talk | contribs | block) m. . (18,410 bytes) (0). . (moved Signalling System No 7 to Signaling System No 7 over redirect: rv undiscussed move per WP:ENGVAR)

''03:05, June 25, 2011 Lincoln Josh (talk | contribs | block) m. . (18,506 bytes) (0). . (moved Signaling System No 7 to Signalling System No 7: I'm now doing total spelling check in the area. The British standard is widespread in Europe.)

''02:43, May 16, 2010 ChrisUK (talk | contribs | block) m. . (19,029 bytes) (0). . (moved Signaling System 7 to Signaling System No 7: This is correct title as per ITU standards - see talk)

''09:58, October 5, 2006 Gabi S. (talk | contribs | block) m. . (9,690 bytes) (0). . (moved Signalling System 7 to Signaling System 7: Spelling)''
 * Retain the current spelling with double 'L', per WP:RETAIN since it was the first spelling used by the creator way back in 2006, and also since being so doesn't mean it is incorrect,. It is just issue of English variant and perspective of editors/readers. Those who double their l's in everyday writing will see it as correct on first sight and those who know only American spelling/or advocate its supremacy will alway see this as incorrect or at least... less than correct. We can't even depend on "reliable sources" on this, because they also spell words based on such perspective. So I am sure NYT or American engineer will always spell it with single l, while the reverse is the case if you read  related content on UK's Guardian. Moreover, I think after these series of back and forth moves, it is right time to move-protect the page, because this will not stop in as much as British/American spelling  variation exists. –Ammarpad (talk) 21:21, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Move protected as requested. Dekimasu よ! 23:04, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * That is good. Now people should focus more on improving the article. –Ammarpad (talk) 03:50, 30 August 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Timeslots
In the physical network section, there are references to ‘timeslots’. The first of which links to an article on broadcast programming. Could someone clarify what that means in this context and potentially change that link? -  Chip 🐺 • #TeamTrees🌳 19:09, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

Improved article?
Would it make sense to re-work a few of the technical aspects of this article along these lines? Chumpih (talk) 12:13, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

 * major functionality : description of each of these including:
 * discovery and directory
 * Call establishment
 * Routing and addressing
 * Architecture diagram + description of major components + their role
 * Talk through of how the protocol works for a few of the major functions

 * The article could certainly benefit from better structure, better technical and historical overview, and better detail. kbrose (talk) 20:06, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * If you haven't already done so, post a neutrally-worded notice on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Telecommunications alerting readers of this discussion. Given the technical nature of this article, I have a hunch that such a notice 1) will be appreciated and 2) result in a better "end result." davidwr/  (talk)/(contribs)  20:10, 20 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the suggestion. Done. Chumpih (talk) 00:36, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Deprecation of SS7 in favour of VoLTE IMS and BGPv4 AS interconnect?
I mean, has not VoLTE and SMSoIP and ViLTE and RCS with E2EE going through Internet, like with normal interconnection (inter-) of autonomous systems (AS, -net) using BGP deprecated SS7? USSD over SGs and all other stuff is also available. Valery Zapolodov (talk) 17:48, 18 June 2021 (UTC)

"Signalling" or "Signaling"?
The title says Signalling with double L, but the article uses a single L. -- 185.176.78.206 (talk) 05:25, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * That's an WP:ENGVAR question. It looks like the current article text consistently uses American spelling. Signaling System No. 5 and Signaling System No. 6 titles use American spelling. Seems like a move to Signaling System No. 7 is appropriate and likely uncontroversial. ~Kvng (talk) 15:33, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * There is certainly a lot of history in spelling it with double-l, since that was the name primarily used around the world after the CCITT standardized it, a name that was used much less in the US, where the original publications called it Common Channel Interoffice Signaling. This is in contrast to the earlier systems, Signaling System 5 and 6. Most Bell System pubs spell 'signaling' (one el), but double-el can also be found. I think, I adjusted all these at one point to the most common historical spellings. kbrose (talk) 18:21, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * PS: A prior consensus discussion, see above, retains the original spelling. I think I agree with that. kbrose (talk) 18:26, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Oops, I apparently willfully ignored the discussions above. If we're going with British English in the title, we probably should make the body text match that. I agree with 's conclusion: ugh. ~Kvng (talk) 01:15, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I thought I already did that earlier. But some book titles decided otherwise, which I didn't change. kbrose (talk) 01:24, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
 * it appears you're content to use signalling in the proper noun Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) but use the American spelling, signaling, elsewhere. I would think we'd want to declare this a European topic and use British English throughout. ~Kvng (talk) 22:38, 20 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't think that is a good idea. SS7 is definitively an American/Bell System topic by origin, just like the other signaling systems. Proper names are always allowed to have any spelling, I would think. kbrose (talk) 01:56, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Signalling System No. 7