text:
The Magic of Oz

The Magic of Oz   is the thirteenth book in the Oz series written by L. Frank Baum. Published on June 7, 1919, one month after the author's death, The Magic of Oz relates the unsuccessful attempt of the Munchkin boy Kiki Aru and former Nome King Ruggedo to conquer Oz. It was followed by Glinda of Oz (1920).

Plot summary
At the top of Mount Munch lives a group of people known as the Hyups. One of their numbers, a Munchkin named Bini Aru, discovered a method of transforming people and objects by merely saying the word "Pyrzqxgl". After Princess Ozma decreed that no one could practice magic in Oz except for Glinda the Good Witch and the Wizard of Oz, Bini wrote down the directions for pronouncing "Pyrzqxgl" and hid them in his magical laboratory.

When Bini and his wife are at a fair one day, their son Kiki Aru, who thirsts for adventure, finds the directions and afterward transforms himself into a hawk and visits various countries outside the land of Oz. When he alights in the land of Ev, Kiki Aru learns that he needs money to pay for a night's lodging (versus Oz, where the money is not used at all) and changes himself into a magpie to steal a gold piece from an old man. A sparrow confronts the then-human Kiki Aru with knowledge of the theft, and Kiki says that he did not know what it was like to be wicked before, he is glad that he is now. This conversation is overheard by Ruggedo, the Nome who was exiled to the Earth's surface in Tik-Tok of Oz, and he sees through Kiki Aru's power a chance to get revenge on the people of Oz.

Kiki changes himself and Ruggedo into birds and they fly over the Deadly Desert into the Land of Oz. They enter Oz as animals to escape detection by Glinda and to recruit an army of conquest from the country's wild animal population. When they first appear in the Forest of Gugu in the Gillikin Country, Kiki changes himself and Ruggedo into Li-Mon-Eags, and lies that they've seen the people of the Emerald City plan to enslave the animal inhabitants of the Forest. Ruggedo claims that the Li-Mon-Eags will transform the animals into humans and march on the Emerald City and transform its inhabitants into animals, driving them into the forest. Ruggedo proves their power (for Kiki's the only one who knows "Pyrzqxgl") by having Kiki transform one of the leopard king Gugu's advisors, Loo the unicorn, into a man and back again. Gugu offers to meet with the leaders of the other animal tribes to decide on this matter of invasion.

Dorothy and the Wizard arrive with the Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger in the Forest of Gugu during this council of war with a request for monkeys to train in time for Ozma's upcoming birthday party. Ruggedo recognizes his old enemies and inspires Kiki to begin transforming people and animals left and right — including Ruggedo, whom Kiki turns against by transforming him into a goose, a transformation that the Nome most fears because as a goose he might lay an egg. (In Baum's universe, all eggs are a deadly poison to nomes.)

The Wizard, whom Kiki transformed into a fox, follows the Li-Mon-Eag with his magic bag, the transformed Kiki, deep into the forest where he begins transforming monkeys into giant human soldiers. However, Kiki makes them so big that they cannot move through the trees. The Wizard, however, heard how to correctly pronounce "Pyrzqxgl" and first stops Kiki and Ruggedo by transforming them into nuts. Then the Wizard resumes his rightful form and changes Dorothy, the Cowardly Lion, the Hungry Tiger, and Gugu back to their forms, and he agrees to change the soldiers back into monkeys. The Wizard recruits several of the grateful monkeys and shrinks them down to bring back to the Emerald City and train.

On arriving there, Dorothy and the Wizard are dispatched to a magic island where Cap'n Bill and Trot went to get a magic flower for Ozma's birthday. However, the island itself causes anything living that touches it to take root there, and that is how the sailor and his friend are found when Dorothy and the Wizard arrive. The Wizard uses "Pyrzqxgl" to change Cap'n Bill and Trot into honeybees which narrowly avoid being eaten by the Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger. When they are human again, Cap'n Bill retrieves the flower by strapping a wood plank onto his good leg, walks with that and his wooden leg onto the island, and retrieves the flower.

Back at the Emerald City, Ozma and her friends celebrate her birthday (though without quite the pomp and fanfare from The Road to Oz) and then decide how to deal with the evil magicians transformed into nuts. The Wizard uses "Pyrzqxgl" to change them back to Kiki Aru and Ruggedo and make them thirsty enough to drink the Water of Oblivion, which will make them forget all that they have ever known. The now-blank slate Kiki Aru and Ruggedo will live in the Emerald City and learn to be good and kind.

Release
The upsurge in sales that had greeted the previous Oz book, The Tin Woodman of Oz, in 1918 also affected The Magic of Oz, which sold 26,200 copies. The Oz books in total sold almost twice as many copies in 1919 as in 1918, and 1918 had been an exceptionally good year. The high sales were most likely influenced by the death of Baum earlier in 1919.

title: The Magic of Oz


text:
National Exhibition Centre

The National Exhibition Centre (NEC) is an exhibition centre located in Marston Green, England, near to Birmingham and Solihull. It is near junction 6 of the M42 motorway, and is adjacent to Birmingham Airport and Birmingham International railway station. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1976.

History
The NEC was originally going to be built adjacent to the M1 motorway (junction 21) near Leicester but it was turned down by Leicestershire County Council with claims that "The big shows won't move away from London". The building was designed by Edward Mills.

In November 1971, the Secretary of State for the Environment granted outline planning approval for the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham. On 16 February 1973, then Prime Minister Edward Heath travelled up from London to cut a white ribbon and initiate its construction. The NEC was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 2 February 1976.

Expansion of the complex
The seventh hall of the NEC complex, a multi-purpose indoor arena named the Birmingham International Arena (currently branded Resorts World Arena), opened in December 1980.

On 23 March 1989, Queen Elizabeth II opened three new halls. Four more halls were added in 1993, and another four new halls, designed by Seymour Harris and built by John Laing, were completed in January 1998.

A five-year, £40 million venue improvement programme which saw improvements made to everything from the car parking to signage, seating and catering was carried out between 2006 and 2011.

Exhibitions
The NEC has 20 interconnected halls covering 190000 m2 of floor space. Regular exhibitions in the past have included the British International Motor Show and the international dog show Crufts.

The NEC has 16,500 parking spaces spread around the site, with a shuttle bus service operating to and from the car parks. In 2020 the all-day parking fee for public exhibitions was £16.00.

NEC Group
Parent company the NEC Group also owns and operates the Arena Birmingham and ICC Birmingham, both in central Birmingham, and the Resorts World Arena, based on The NEC site. Birmingham City Council placed the NEC Group up for sale in 2014. After short-listing three contenders to purchase the company, the sale to Lloyds Development Capital, the private equity unit of Lloyds Banking Group, was completed in January 2015 for £307 million. In October 2018, Blackstone acquired NEC Group from Lloyds Development Capital, paying around £800 million for the group.

Emergency hospital
From early April 2020 the NEC housed NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham, an emergency hospital scheduled to open on 10 April, and receive its first patients on 12 April, as part of a network of NHS Nightingale Hospitals in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 1 April 2021 the hospital was closed without ever treating a patient.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: National Exhibition Centre


text:
Teresa de Lauretis

Teresa de Lauretis (born 1938 in Bologna) is an Italian author and Distinguished Professor Emerita of the History of Consciousness at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her areas of interest include semiotics, psychoanalysis, film theory, literary theory, feminism, women's studies, lesbian- and queer studies. She has also written on science fiction. Fluent in English and Italian, she writes in both languages. Additionally, her work has been translated into sixteen other languages.

De Lauretis received her doctorate in Modern Languages and Literatures from Bocconi University in Milan before coming to the United States. She joined the History of Consciousness with Hayden White, Donna Haraway, Fredric Jameson and Angela Davis. Has held Visiting Professorships at universities worldwide including ones in Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Argentina, Chile, France, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Mexico and the Netherlands. She currently lives in San Francisco, CA, but often spends time in Italy and the Netherlands.

Theories
De Lauretis' account of subjectivity as a product of "being subject/ed to semiosis" (i.e., making meanings and being made by them) helps to theoretically resolve and overcome the tension between the human action (agency) and structure. She makes use of Umberto Eco's reading of C.S. Peirce in order to establish her notion of semiotics of experience. She brings corporeality back to the discourse on the constitution of subjectivity which has been conceived mainly in the linguistic terms. Her semiotics is not just the semiotics of language but also the semiotics of visual images and non-verbal practices. Her (Peircean) "habit" or "habit-change" is often compared to Bourdieu's notion of habitus.

Michel Foucault’s analysis of body excludes the consideration of the specificity of the female body that many feminists have criticized. Supplementing the failure, gender should be one of the effects of technology which renders the basic intelligibility of body and that turns to de Lauretis’ "technology of gender". de Lauretis coined the term "queer theory" although the way in which it is used today differs from what she originally suggested by the term. Although she coined the term she abandoned it barely three years later, on the grounds that it had been taken over by those mainstream forces and institutions it was coined to resist.

Honors, awards and grants

 * Guest of honour, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina (2014)
 * Doctor honoris causa, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina (2014)
 * Distinguished Career Award, Society for Cinema and Media Studies (2010)
 * Winner, Choice Magazine Outstanding Reference/Academic Book Award (2009)
 * IHR Humanities Research Fellowship (2007)
 * Doctor of Philosophy honoris causa, University of Lund, Sweden (2005)
 * UCHRI Resident Faculty Fellowship, University of California, Irvine (2003-2004)
 * Guggenheim Fellowship (1993)
 * NEH Fellowship for University Teachers (1992)
 * Conference Grant, Humanities Division, University of California, Santa Cruz (1990)
 * Conference Grant, Research Council of Canada (1884)
 * Research Fellowship, Center for Twentieth Century Studies, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee (1982–83)
 * Grant in Media Studies, National Endowment for the Arts (1977–78)

title: Teresa de Lauretis


text:
Arena Birmingham

Arena Birmingham (known for sponsorship reasons as Utilita Arena Birmingham, previously as The Barclaycard Arena, originally as the National Indoor Arena and still commonly called The NIA) is an indoor arena and sporting venue in central Birmingham, England. It is owned by parent company the NEC Group. When it was opened in 1991, it was the largest indoor arena in the UK.

The arena is located alongside the Birmingham Canal Navigations Main Line's Old Turn Junction and opposite the National Sea Life Centre in Brindleyplace. The building straddles the main Birmingham to Wolverhampton Intercity railway line (originally the Stour Valley Line), but does not have a station of its own. There are three adjoining car parks with a total of 2,156 spaces. Close to the arena is The ICC which is also owned by the NEC Group.

It is currently the third-largest indoor arena in the United Kingdom by capacity. In 2019, the arena had ticket sales of 530,597, which was the 4th highest in the United Kingdom.

Background
The arena was officially opened, as the National Indoor Arena, on 4 October 1991 by the athlete Linford Christie. When it was opened, the arena was intended to be an indoor sporting venue. However, the venue began to host entertainment events shortly after opening.

The arena currently hosts a variety of events including concerts, sporting events and conferences. It has a capacity of up to 15,800 using both permanent seating and temporary seating configurations.

The arena was renamed after it underwent an extensive renovation which was completed at the end of 2014. Michael Bublé opened the renovated arena on 2 December 2014.

In 2018 the arena had ticket sales of 497,443, which was the 4th highest in the United Kingdom.

Naming history

 * National Indoor Arena (4 October 1991 – 1 December 2014)
 * Barclaycard Arena (2 December 2014 – 31 August 2017)
 * Arena Birmingham (1 September 2017 – 14 April 2020)

Renovation
In 2012 plans to refurbish and renovate the NIA were approved by Birmingham City Council. The plans included creating a showpiece entrance from the canal-side, three "sky needle" light sculptures, a new glazed facade fronting the canal and new pre-show hospitality elements. The design was by the architecture firm Broadway Malyan and the building contract was awarded to Royal BAM Group in 2013 with a projected finishing date of Winter 2014.

The £26 million redevelopment began in June 2013. The redeveloped arena was officially opened with a performance by singer Michael Bublé on 2 December 2014. It was renamed the "Barclaycard Arena" in November 2014 after Barclaycard won the naming rights for five years, but in May 2016 it was announced that the naming deal would end early, and from September 2017 it would be named Arena Birmingham.

On 16 January 2020, it was announced that the arena will be renamed Utilita Arena Birmingham from 15 April 2020.

Notable events
The arena has been used for several major events in the past, including counting no less than eight constituencies in the hall for the 1992 general election.

 * Gladiators was recorded at the arena from 1992 to 1999.
 * 1993 IBF World Championships
 * 1995 Netball World Championships
 * Eurovision Song Contest 1998
 * 1999 World Judo Championships
 * The 2001 Robot Wars Live Tour.
 * 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
 * Great Britain Davis Cup tennis matches (vs. United States in 1999, vs. Sweden and Thailand in 2002, and vs. Japan in 2016)
 * BBL Cup and BBL Finals Weekend matches
 * 2003 IBF World Championships
 * 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships.
 * The Premier League Darts every year since 2007
 * 2010 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
 * 2010 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
 * 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship
 * 2011 Trampoline World Championships
 * Lee Evans performed here from 17 to 21 September 2014 to record his final stand-up show tour Monsters before his retirement.
 * Linkin Park performed here as part of the One More Light Tour on 6 July 2017. This was the band's last performance of the European leg, as the remaining show in Manchester were cancelled due to a bombing at the Manchester Arena, where the band was supposed to perform. It was also the final performance of lead singer Chester Bennington before his death on 20 July 2017.
 * 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships
 * 2022 Commonwealth Games
 * Monster Jam Ramped Up made its worldwide debut on 29-31 March 2024, featuring the all new Monstergon.

NEC Group
Parent company The NEC Group also owns and operates the ICC Birmingham in central Birmingham, and the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) and Resorts World Arena (previously The NEC Arena, LG Arena and Genting Arena), based on The NEC site in nearby Solihull.

title: Arena Birmingham


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Media franchises

WikiProject Media franchises aims to help the editors with the coordination of media franchises, cross media properties, media based on media, and media tie-in articles. Sometimes a franchise might just need color coordination of the various templates used; it could mean creating an article for the franchise as a jump off point for the children of it; or the creation of a new templates for all media franchise articles. The project will focus on multimedia franchises, however, all media franchises are welcome.

Scope
This WikiProject aims to organize information in media franchises, such as The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Harry Potter, Star Wars, etc. For instance, Harry Potter refers to both a series of books by J. K. Rowling, a series of films, as well as a character in that series. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series is a series of books, a radio show, a film, a specific book in the series, as well as an entity in the setting of the series.

Further, we may look at the fact that a series - particularly if written as a saga, such as Star Trek or The Lord of the Rings - is much more likely to build up a large number of characters, some of whom (eg. Mr. Spock) might become famous outside of their fictional universes. We will look at how such information might be organized.

A list has been started to show various media franchises.

Media groups
There are several types of media groups that fall under the purview of this project. How we intend to handle each is listed below. To make discussions easier within the project, several abbreviations which have been adopted.

 * Media franchises (MF)
 * A group of closely related media which heavily cross multiple media.
 * For the largest of these, portals could be created.

 * Cross-media properties (CMP):A group of media which lightly cross multiple media.
 * Media based on media (MBoM):The separate articles will be created for the different media. Careful attention is to be paid to in-text links and the categories in which they are placed.
 * Media tie-ins (MTI):Novelizations, soundtracks, some video games, etc which will mostly be all-in-one articles with all-in-one infoboxes.

Committees
Currently this project only has an assessment committee.

Task forces
The task forces of this project will mostly be multimedia fictional series. Single media series could become task forces of that media's WikiProject. That does not mean that this project will always be for multimedia series.

If you come across a WikiProject of a fictional series that seems dormant, you can add WikiProject Media franchises merge on its talk page. Then go to the proposal page to start the discussion.

Article projects

 * 1632 alternate history series
 * Honor Harrington Books and sub-series wikiproject

Participants
If you wish to join this project or show your support, please feel free to add your name to our Participants' page!

Associated WikiProjects

 * Albums (talk)
 * Anime and manga (talk)
 * Animation (talk)
 * Arts (talk)
 * Books (talk)
 * Brands (talk)
 * Comics (talk)
 * Entertainment (talk)
 * Film (talk)
 * Games (talk)
 * Literature (talk)
 * Machinima (talk)
 * Media (talk)
 * Music (talk)
 * Music genres (talk)
 * Musical Theatre (talk)
 * Novels (talk)
 * Opera (talk)
 * Poetry (talk)
 * Radio (talk)
 * Role-playing games (talk)
 * Television (talk)
 * Theater (talk)
 * Video games (talk)

Projects by genre

 * Comedy (talk)
 * Horror (talk)
 * Pornography (talk)
 * Science fiction (talk)

Projects by subject
These are independent projects. If any of these projects is known to be inactive and might benefit from becoming a task force of this project, you can propose it on the task force proposal page. We are also willing to share our banner with any of these projects if they so desire.
 * 24 (talk)
 * The 4400 (talk)
 * A Song of Ice and Fire (talk)
 * Aqua Teen Hunger Force (talk)
 * Artemis Fowl (talk)
 * Babylon 5 (talk)
 * Balzac (talk)
 * Battlestar Galactica (talk)
 * The Bill (talk)
 * Buffyverse (talk)
 * CSI (talk)
 * Dad's Army (talk)
 * Degrassi (talk)
 * Disney (talk)
 * Doctor Who (talk)
 * Dungeons & Dragons (talk)
 * Dragonlance (talk)
 * Forgotten Realms (talk)
 * Greyhawk (talk)
 * EastEnders (talk)
 * Family Guy (talk)
 * The Fairly OddParents (talk)
 * Fawlty Towers (talk)
 * Final Fantasy (talk)
 * Firefly (talk)
 * Futurama (talk)
 * G.I. Joe (talk)
 * Harry Potter (talk)
 * Heroes (talk)
 * Highlander (talk)
 * Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (talk)
 * Jackass (talk)
 * James Bond (talk)
 * The Legend of Zelda series (talk)
 * Life on Mars (talk)
 * Lost (talk)
 * M*A*S*H (talk)
 * Middle-earth (talk)
 * Monty Python (talk)
 * Mortal Kombat (talk)
 * Narnia (talk)
 * The Office (US) (talk)
 * Oz (talk)
 * Pokémon (talk)
 * Red Dwarf (talk)
 * Redwall (talk)
 * Sailor Moon (talk)
 * Saw (talk)
 * Seinfeld (talk)
 * Sherlock Holmes (talk) †
 * The Simpsons (talk)
 * South Park (talk)
 * SpongeBob SquarePants (talk)
 * Spooks (talk)
 * Star Trek (talk)
 * Star Wars (talk)
 * Stargate (talk)
 * Superman (talk)
 * Thomas (talk)
 * Transformers (talk)
 * The Twilight Zone (talk)
 * Yu-Gi-Oh! (talk)

† uses WikiProject Media franchises banner

Templates

 * Infobox media franchise - for franchise articles
 * WikiProject Media franchises - for the talk pages of related articles.
 * User WikiProject Media franchises - for our participants!

Infoboxes
This is just a small sample of all the infoboxes out there that can be used in the various media based articles.
 * Infobox person
 * Infobox album
 * Infobox writer
 * Infobox book
 * Infobox comic
 * Infobox film
 * Infobox game
 * Infobox book series
 * Infobox poem
 * Infobox publisher
 * Infobox radio show
 * Infobox song
 * Infobox television
 * Infobox video game

Categories

 * Film infobox templates
 * Game infobox templates
 * Music infobox templates
 * Radio infobox templates
 * Television infobox templates

Navboxes
This is an incomplete list of navbox categories of various types of media series.
 * Book series navigational boxes
 * Film series navigational boxes

Style guide
An important note for everyone to remember:

A few Wikipedians have gotten together to make some suggestions about how we might organize data in articles about media franchises. These are only suggestions, things to give you focus and to get you going, and you should not feel obligated in the least to follow them. But if you don't know what to write or where to begin, the guidelines below may be helpful. Mainly, we just want you to write articles!

Some general guidelines for working with fictional subjects:
 * Guide to writing better articles
 * Manual of Style (writing about fiction)
 * Notability (fiction) may be a useful guideline to some parts of this WikiProject.
 * Spoiler

Naming conventions

 * Naming conventions
 * Naming conventions
 * Naming conventions (books)
 * Naming conventions (comics)
 * Naming conventions (films)
 * Naming conventions (pieces of music)
 * Naming conventions (operas)
 * Naming conventions (television)

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Media franchises


text:
Talk:Natural health

you
you have written a very studied take on natural health. I had been pondering writing an article but the task was too daunting. I am a Holistic Health practitioner in Atlanta. Your web site is jam packed. thanks for the work

Thanks!

I feel that this article represents an academic definition of what the definition of natural health should be based upon the various branches of philosophy. -- Mr-Natural-Health 11:40, 4 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Grossly POV
Grossly POV - it reads like a press release. Marking accordingly. (If it were NPOV, it wouldn't need a disclaimer.) - David Gerard 20:38, Jan 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, the prior comment regarding: "If it were NPOV, it wouldn't need a disclaimer" is so far off the wall, that is too silly to respond to." -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 13:53, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Andrew Weil, MD wrote a book called _Natural Health, Natural Medicine_. In his book, Dr. Weil fails to define Natural Health.  I run a Natural Health web site.  I write a weekly newsletter that offers commentary from the Natural Health perspective. I am, also, the Ring Master of a WebRing on Natural Health. I felt that if I am going to write about Natural Health, I should be able to define the term.  So, I did research on it.  And, I conducted several public discussions on the topic in newsgroups.  The article Natural Health reads like an academic definition of the term Natural Health, in my opinion.  Nothing POV about this article, in my opinion.  It is simply a serious definition of but one branch of Alternative medicine. My short dictionary size definition of Natural Health is as follows:

 * Natural health is an eclectic self-care system of natural therapies that builds and restores health by working with the natural recuperative powers of the human body.

 * but it was edited out of the article.
 * --John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 04:40, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I will remove all traces of concerns of POV in the natural health article by doing a major re-write of it that will be based on the accepted format of the Naturopathy article. No issues of NPOV have been raised over at Naturopathy. I will tone it done a bit too, so that it does not read like a press release for my web site. -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 15:24, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Parts of this page can be found at http://tutorials.naturalhealthperspective.com/glossary.html and http://www.usenet.com/newsgroups/talk.politics.medicine/msg02694.html.

 * Could be because I wrote all of the above? -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 04:30, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Natural Health -- POV/Consensus-Seeking explained
Does the phrase Natural Health even exist? The answer is an obvious yes, if for no other reason than that there are literally thousands of natural health web sites.

So, the next question would be: How does one then define the term? There is no dictionary definition to refer to. So, I would propose that the easiest way to define the term is to examine existing fully developed models that primarily center around the phrase natural health. However, you must bare in mind that each of these models has added their own extensions to the concept of natural health.

There are only 5 possible choices, to choose from:
 * Naturopathy
 * Extension 1: Professionalized as a form of medicine.
 * The Natural Hygiene movement.
 * Extension 1:Principle of naturalism: doing what seems 'natural' or avoiding what seems 'unnatural.'
 * The book Natural Health, Natural Medicine written by Andrew Weil, MD.
 * Extension 1: Eastern philosophies.
 * Extension 2: Interest in psychedelic drugs.
 * The Popular Health Movement (1820 - 1870)in the United States.
 * The common theme behind this movement was the advocation of prevention and healthy lifestyles. They had many ideas about good nutrition, clean water and air, exercise, sunshine and herbs. The Popular Health Movement was a reaction against the role of elitist, formally trained physicians who promoted heroic medical treatments.
 * An operational definition of what is wrong with allopathy.
 * As expressed in the books: Health and Healing and Spontaneous Healing, written by Andrew Weil, MD.

I would immediately discount the Natural Hygiene movement. It never professionalized. Nor, is natural hygiene training provided at any accredited college of higher learning. However, the Natural Hygiene movement was clearly the first group to use the word natural.

From here, it is simply a matter of hard thinking to reason out the specific philosophies that comprise the philosophical basis of natural health.

The only real debatable issues, in my opinion, are the principle of materialism and issue of the mind-body connection. Is natural health strongly rooted in materialism just like medicine is? Or, does it follow a more water-down version of materialism?

How does the mind-body connection come into play? Is it part of the core natural health philosophies, or is it merely only a modern extension to it? Natural health is clearly Western in its approach, as opposed to an Eastern philosophy. The earliest link to the mind-body connection would be interest in relaxation or stress reduction. Psychosocial treatments would clearly be a modern extension. But, a basic stress reduction technique could be traced back to relaxing in ancient Roman spas some 2,000 years ago. Naturopathy came from the water cure in Europe, and the water cure came from the ancient Roman spa.

Further, saying that natural health is as strictly biological in its approach to health as medicine is tantamount to saying that it uses the biomedical model of health which clearly rubs me the wrong way. Seems to me that there should be a major divide between natural health and medicine on this core issue.

So, this basically leaves the yet to be answered question of: What is the best philosophical term to refer to the water-down version of materialism that is core to all natural health practices? -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 15:35, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

happy to discuss
Happy to discuss to discuss what? -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 14:55, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I changed the key definition of a page you have fixed up lot. but we I think we have more to discuss on Talk:Conventional medicine--Erich gasboy 15:05, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I am capable of carrying on more than one conversation at a time. So, I think that I will work on this issue, now.

 * Does medicine aim at diagnosing, does it aim at treating disease, or does it aim at preventing disease? Of course not, it simply does it.  The same goes for natural health.

 * I could just as easily have said that natural health succeeds at building health. So, kindly justify, here, your edit or please reverse it! -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 04:12, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * well medicine does always aim to do the things you list - sometimes it succeeds too. but not always. the medicine page does not state blankly in its definition that it achieves a particular outcome either--Erich gasboy 04:29, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I read medicine stating: ''"Medicine is an area of human knowledge concerned with restoring health."' The word restoring states blankly in its definition that it always achieves a particular outcome. -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 14:38, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I am very happy with your consensus seeking definition. One could legitamately say that alchemy was concerned with converting lead to gold and that would be true. I think you have written a perfectly NPOV definition. If it satisfies you then are we both happy? best wishes --Erich gasboy 15:37, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

American natural health
This article is specifically about the natural health movement in America. I think it should either state that right up front, or be expanded to include the rest of the world. Thoughts? heidimo 16:34, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I am glad that you brought this subject up.

 * Our project needs an editor, like yourself, that is familiar with alternative medicine in the Eastern cultures. We are in real need of many additions from the Eastern cultures, such as:
 * Famous People in
 * Ideas for articles to be written in the Philosophy of
 * Historical events that should be associated with alternative medicine (I will be creating the History of Alternative Medicine, article today.)
 * In our Index of Topics in, please put in any already written articles from Eastern cultures that are related to CAM.
 * What I want to see at this point are plenty of links to unwritten articles added to our menu articles as an informal to do list for any editor to write. Of course, if you know of anything already written that would even be better.  But, please do not add any unwritten stuff to our Index.  The Index will be our master list of what has actually  been written on the subject of CAM.

 * I wrote a history of CAM on my web site that was 100% about the Western culture. I have bragging rights about figuring out the History of alternative medicine in Europe.  So, feel free to enlighten our project about Eastern history and practices.

 * Back to the original point of your comment. Natural health is strictly about Western culture.  Of course, in the modern ERA there have been Eastern influences that are best viewed, in my opinion, as a modern extension to the core beliefs of the very Western concept of Natural Health.  Natural health is an American invention due to the American Health Reform Movement of the 1830s and 1840s; which was really both the start and high point of Natural Health.

 * Feel free to enlighten me about any possible natural health movements in the East. I am sure that the development of alternative medicine / natural health in Australia, Africa, and Central & South America would prove interesting, too.

 * In Europe, the  nature cure was developing into Naturopathy. Of course, Naturopathy was not actually called Naturopathy till it was imported to the US.  Hence, it was another American invention so to speak.  In Europe, it is still largely referred to as the nature cure.  In the modern ERA of modern communication methods, such as the Internet, everybody is mudding up language by calling everything as being everything and anything, whether it actually is or not.

 * Of course, Natural Health is mostly about the Quackery of vitamin peddlers and the commercial operation of health food grocery stores. There is really not too much glamor in that, is there? -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 14:30, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Wording problems
I've been doing some minor copyediting, but this sentence makes no sense to me:

All natural health healing practices will claim that a physician can kill an infection with antibiotics, perform surgery, put a broken limb in a cast, or suture a wound, but all healing is performed by the patient.

 * This concept can be traced back to the Middle Ages and even to Ancient Greek History to the fundalmental conept of all Western alternative medicine philosophies that it is the human body that actually performs the healing process rather than the physician. Physicians would say that they actually do the healing and that mother nature gets in the way of their healing the patient.

 * This may not help you any, but I was trying to emphasize this fundmental Western concept of alternative medicine. I do not have time to comment more, now. I will post another reply, perhaps tonight. -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 17:40, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * John, it wasn't the concept I was questioning, it was the way the sentence is worded. It doesn't make sense, especially the first half of it.  I know you're very busy with the new project, but since you put the infoboxes on articles, I decided to read those articles and tweak them a bit, and this is the first one.  This is purely a language problem, from the point of view of copy edit, not so much content.  When you get a chance, I hope you will rewrite these sentences to improve the language.  I appreciate the tremendous amount of time you must be putting into the wikiproject.  heidimo  17:55, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I made my last two replies in the article itself. -- John Gohde, aka Mr-Natural-Health 13:46, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)

If I knew what it was trying to say, I'd reword it. It is from the "Vitalism" section. heidimo 16:46, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

This sentence from "Prevention" also has problems I'm not sure how best to fix:

Secondary prevention activities are concerned with early detection and intervention in the potential development or the existence of an illness.

heidimo 17:04, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

What happened to Natural hygiene?
Why was the article Natural hygiene (Natural Hygiene, Orthopathy) deleted and redirected here without merging any of its contents? Natural hygiene was practised by Herbert M. Shelton and is not mentioned in this article.nirvana2013 (talk) 15:17, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * See Articles for deletion/Natural hygiene. MastCell Talk 20:11, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Deleting the article was a drastic measure. It needed improving or merging into this article. Also there seems to be a lot of keep requests listed, but still it was deleted. Does not sound much like WP:consensus to me. nirvana2013 (talk) 11:29, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Natural health


text:
Talk:Neeme Järvi

Who Järvi has worked with
I've left in the sentence "He has worked with Eduardo Mata, Rey Alejandro Conde Valdivia, Georg Solti, and Antal Dorati", but I'm not very clear what it means, and some clarification would be good. He didn't study with these people as far as I can make out - does it just mean that he was guest conductor with orchestras of which these guys were the principal conductor? Like I say, a spot of clarification would be good, I think. --Camembert

 * Good work; it is any case, a collective improvement on the original . Who knows if the anon user will follow up your query... -- Viajero 20:28, 28 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I have been unable to find verification for the ambigious line "He has worked with Eduardo Mata, Rey Alejandro Conde Valdivia, Georg Solti, and Antal Dorati" and have cut it for the time being. As an orchestral, conductor, exactly how he "has worked with" other orchestral conductors is unclear. MarkBuckles 00:56, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Succession Boxes
I think Succession boxes might not be the best way to display Jarvi's career. I feel as though this type of device makes more sense for a list of different people in the same category. Here, I find it a bit confusing, since the first bit of information we see is who preceeded him, rather than his actual appointment. I would like to change this to a bulleted list (perhaps with his predecessor in parathesis. Thoughts? For the time being, I have added his recent appointment to the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra and sorted the boxes chronologically. MarkBuckles 00:56, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Personally I like the succession boxes the way they are :) If you want to add a bulleted list as well, by all means do so. Grover cleveland 03:25, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Succession boxes are used in this way all over wikipedia, not just for conductors. See, for example, the bottom of the Winston Churchill page for a good example.  Grover cleveland 17:44, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, looking around more this does appear to be the standard. Fair enough! Anyone know who preceeded him in NJ? MarkBuckles 22:03, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Zdenek Macal was the prior Music Director, but there was a gap of a few years between him and Neeme Jarvi. DJRafe 01:12, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 00:10, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neeme Järvi


text:
Talk:Vinča symbols

Faulty image
This is to draw attention to the fact that the last image in this article has been flagged (by me) for review, as it appears to contain unicode error blocks, and is sourced to an external site that gives Wikimedia Commons as the original source. The image is thus misleading and needs to be corrected by someone with actual knowledge of the subject. -   Metalello    talk 03:18, 1 January 2015 (UTC)

BUT, WHERE ARE THE SYMBOLS ?
Why there is no any image of these Vinca symbols ? However, there are so much images on Internet that you can get for FREE... Strange! Misinformation? What's going on? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.226.248.129 (talk) 07:57, 15 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Get an account and do it yourself. Lack of symbols can't be misinformation, that doesn't make sense. Doug Weller (talk) 09:47, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

"Prevailing theory"
The article reads:

This is very strong phrasing. Is it even true? It's plausible that some people think this but that it's prevailing? Seems doubtful to me. The entire section is unsourced, so there's no source to check regarding how widespread this view is. -- Scyrme (talk) 22:27, 10 March 2022 (UTC)
 * You seem familiar with this area; what do you think? -- Scyrme (talk) 22:27, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I dont believe it to be prevailing, it seems scientific consensus is lacking regarding the Vinca symbols and it doesn’t seem to be shifting to be favorable to any direction MichaelDMelvin23 (talk) 12:46, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the slow response to this ping. I am not so up to date on this area but I think Michael has it right: it's an understudied topic with little consensus either way. It attracts amateur speculation more than scholarship, and certain established scholars also tend to let their imaginations run wilder than usual with it. Basically it's hard to write anything that fits WP:NPOV and WP:FRINGE... not a very helpful answer, I know! – Joe (talk) 09:54, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

 * It helps a bit. If there's no consensus then the lack of any evidence for these ideas being "prevailing" is probably because it doesn't exist as opposed to me being bad at finding it. I've reworded it to soften the phrasing for now, but I may prune the section further if I'm not able to find anything substantiating these theories. – Scyrme (talk) 23:23, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

PIE
Is it possible that the symbols represent Proto-Indo-European? I am a Green Bee (talk) 12:42, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * No. Even if they are writing, which has not been definitively proven, the Vinča culture of Neolithic Europe was not Proto-European. – Scyrme (talk) 15:55, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

Gradeshnitsa tablets
Hello. Do you have a reference that identifies the Gradeshnitsa tablets as being part of the corpus of Vinča symbols? As far as I know, the tablets are regarded as bearing decorative markings not Vinča signs, but I could be mistaken. – Scyrme (talk) 20:49, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Gimbutas (1991), The Civilization of the Goddess, p.313
 * https://archive.org/details/civilizationofgo0000gimb/page/312/mode/2up Ario1234 (talk) 22:39, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

Does this really need to be cited?
"The use of the symbols seems to have been abandoned (along with the objects on which they appear) at the start of the Bronze Age, suggesting that the new technology brought with it significant changes in social organization or population, and beliefs." Apparently this needs a citation, but isn't it extremely obvious that there were enormous changed in social organisation, population and beliefs between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age in Europe due to it being invaded? How is anyone supposed to cite such a broad claim without linking to some article on populations from the Eurasian Steppe invading Europe that barely pertains to the symbols at all? 203.220.8.107 (talk) 00:49, 24 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Who says that the abandonment of the symbols "suggests" anything more than that the symbols were abandoned? I'm not saying it's wrong; the point is that Wikipedia editors aren't meant to draw conclusions from the evidence independently of what is stated in the sources. Original research, including editorial synthesis, has to be avoided. If the claim is too broad to be referenced, it doesn't belong on Wikipedia.
 * (Although, personally, I don't find it implausible that researchers writing about the Vinča symbols or the Vinča culture more generally may have explicitly discussed the factors that lead to the abandonment of these objects and symbols, including technological change. The effect of technology on culture is a common topic in academia, so much so that there's an entire field dedicated to it. It would be surprising if no scholarship has even commented on this in the context of the Vinča culture.) – Scyrme (talk) 14:21, 24 November 2022 (UTC)

Winn (1981) on property marks?
Does anyone have access to Winn's Pre-writing in Southeastern Europe (1981)? Milisauskas and Kruk mention that Winn considered the Vinča inscriptions as symbols of property ownership, citing the 1981 work. Starović (2005) also refers to Winn (1981). It may provide a relevant reference for. – Scyrme (talk) 21:29, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Winn (1981) might also be helpful for . A 2008 paper by Haarmann quotes Winn in this context. – Scyrme (talk) 22:14, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

Haarmann (2020) on numerical signs?
I've not been able to find anything anywhere about "comb" or "brush" signs being used as numerical symbols, so I'm unsure where that information is from. A Google Books search shows that Haarmann (2020) appears to cover the topic of numerical signs, but he doesn't appear to make any mention of "comb" or "brush" signs. A 2008 paper by Haarmann notes that the identification of grouping of strokes as numerical signs is "pervasive", but he himself seems to doubt that; he notes that other cultures (namely Sumer and Elam) used dots not strokes for this purpose, so identifying groups of strokes is numerical signs is "highly arbitrary".

Does anyone have access to Haarmann's The Mystery of the Danube Civilisation (2020)? What does he write on the topic? Is it much different to what's in the 2008 paper?

I'm also unsure where "which collectively constitute as much as a sixth of all the symbols so far discovered" comes from. My best guess is Winn (1981) based on what Starović writes, but I don't have access to check. – Scyrme (talk) 22:10, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

Change title
More appropriate titles for this article are Danube script or Old European script as they are widely used by researchers and represent better this script. Vinča is only one archeological site where examples of the script were found.

http://www.prehistory.it/ftp/winn.htm

https://www.archaeomythology.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2008-vol4-intro1.pdf MiltenR (talk) 21:44, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

"proto-writing"
The first paragraph comes across as conjecture. This viewpoint is a theory, but it is written and presented as if it is fact. It would be better worded to say that the author(s) cited propose this theory/viewpoint, which flows better with the counter theory in the following paragraph. 2601:182:107E:9A0:D5D0:8DB9:20BB:C8B0 (talk) 06:46, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vinča symbols


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Media franchises/Strategy

I think we should try out ideas on Artemis Fowl - it's a relatively small series, only three books so far, and it's already got some differentiation between the character of Artemis Fowl and the series. It's also in the Wikipedian backwaters at present, and not likely to be re-edited around much, I think. -- Gaurav 19:46, 28 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * A very good idea. I've posted a framework suggestion on the /General subpage and if no-one objects strongly I'm going to have a hack at the Artemis Fowl (series article along those lines. Let me know what you think Phil 18:11, Dec 4, 2003 (UTC)