text:
User talk:Egon

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snoyes 19:39, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Hi, Egon:

I'm glad to see someone else is editing articles on South Korea! Just to let you know, there are a few articles already on some of the expressways in South Korea, but they are listed by name (for example, Gyeongbu Expressway, Gyeongin Expressway, and Honam Expressway). I changed the links on your Roads and Expressways in South Korea page from the route numbers to the route names, and redirected your Expressway No 1 article to the Gyeongbu Expressway article. I hope you don't mind. Of course, you can add material to the Gyeongbu Expressway article if you wish!

Yours, Sewing 00:04, 28 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Image attribution
Interesting article on Order of The Cross Of Terra Mariana! Just one thing (sort of important): You must always attribute the sources of the images you uploaded here (e.g. Image:Maarjamahobetaht.jpg) That means a specific URL. Or a book if you scanned it. Or if you got it from another WP, say so. We do this to conform to our copyleft policies. Thanks for cooperating, and keep up your good writing! --Menchi 03:38, 29 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * If you scanned from some book, you then should add that note ("Source: Eesti riiklikud teenetemärgid. Tallinn: SE & JS, 1998 . - 116 lk. : ill.ISBN 9985-854-11-X") to the image description pages. That's what the image description pages are for. (See also Image_use_policy) --Menchi 04:11, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Samcheok-shi's capital is called Samcheok-shi too?

Btw, sign your name with four simple tildes ( ~ ). Not Egon, which doesn't link to a user page or any page. --Menchi (Talk)ü| â 12:08, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)

---

Hi again, Egon:

It's great to see your contributions on Korean subjects! If you have time, you might want to add all your new articles to List of Korea-related topics. It's okay if you don't: I can add them some time too.

Yours, Sewing 20:02, 8 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hello. According to the Revised Romanization of South Korea, X市 should be romanized into "X-si". I hope this helps you. --Nanshu 23:16, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Egon, please have a look at User talk:Mic for our discussion of articles about Estonian counties. Andres 14:32, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

New articles vs. Existing articles
Hi, Egon: before adding articles, please check to see if the article already exists. For example, you created The Honam Expressway, but there was already a Honam Expressway article. Also, you created Gangneung-shi, but there was already a long article entitled Gangneung. In both cases, I merged your new material into the existing article. You can check the List of Korea-related topics to see if an article already exists. --Sewing 02:53, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Administrative divisions in South Korea
Hi again, Egon: Si (시; English: city) and Gun (군; English: county) are both divisions of Do (도). Si are often referred to just by their name, without Si at the end (like Gangneung, Cheongju, Jeonju, and Pohang). I think it's best for Si to have the article titles just be the name of the city, without Si. On the opening line of the article, you can write something like this:

 * Gangneung-si (...) is a city in Gangwon Province, South Korea....

For Gun--which are less often referred to in English--giving the full, official name (Cheorweon-gun, Goryeong-gun, ...) might make more sense.

Finally, you can check the article Administrative divisions of Korea, which outlines the administrative divisions in South Korea.

Administrative divisions of Estonia
,, ,

 * Hi, Egon! Now the only problem is that PNG-images are preferable. Is there any way to transform your images to PNG?

 * The Estonian Wikipedia has gone over to the new software. Now it is possible to uploads files there. Andres 22:50, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Source for image
Could you give your source for Image:Gangneungs.jpg? It's been listed on possible copyright infringements, so if you do not I may have to sorrowfully delete it. Martin 01:14, 18 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Just wanted to say thanks for your contributions to South Korea. Kokiri 22:11, 21 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi, Egon: I also want to thank you for your South Korea contributions. I hope I didn't push you away through too many complaints about style. Please continue to contribute--Wikipedia has too few editors who are interested in the country! --Sewing 18:31, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Image:Meri.jpg
--Diberri | Talk 17:55, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

Translation of the week
Tere! Do you want to participate in this progect? As you live in Korea you should translate this article fo Estonian. I know that you founded Tatarstani Vabariik. So, could you briefly translate the Kazan article to Estonian (Kasaan)? thanks.--Untifler 13:56, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Ilus.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the imagesand I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 23:46, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Ivan_V.jpeg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 22:42, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Image tag
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Easternvirucounty.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status?

You can use   if you wish to release your own work under the GNU Free Documentation License,    if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,    if you claim fair use of someone else's work, and so on. Click here for a list of the various tags.

If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the image from, and I'll tag it for you. (And if you know exactly what this means and are really tired of the constant reminders, please excuse me. They will stop once the tagging project is complete.) Thanks so much. Denni ☯ 23:14, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

WikiProject South Korean counties and cities
Hi, Egon! Thanks for your contributions to South Korean topics. If you have time, perhaps you would like to help out with WikiProject South Korean counties and cities. It's an initiative with the goal of massively improving our coverage of South Korean geography. Feel free to discuss or change anything on the project page, too, it's still rather unfinished. Cheers! -- Visviva 04:47, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Laanemaa.bmp

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 06:32, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

 * Some more untagged images: Image:Riigivapimark.jpg and Image:Riigivteenkett.jpg. Same rules as above apply. Let me know if you want me to tag them for you! They are currently tagged as  . --MaxPower 19:22, 2005 Jan 11 (UTC)

Image deletion warning
Image:Antslalinn.jpg, uploaded by you, is no longer in use anywhere. I've listed it for deletion. Hope this is OK. Mysid ( talk ) 09:12, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:KotkaHobetaht.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:KotkaHobetaht.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

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Unspecified source for Image:Hoengseong.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Hoengseong.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Inje.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Inje.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Pyeongchang.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Pyeongchang.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Samcheok.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Samcheok.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Wonju.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Wonju.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Yanggus.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Yanggus.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Yeongdong.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Yeongdong.jpg
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 00:43, 18 May 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 00:43, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Yeongwol.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Yeongwol.jpg
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title: User talk:Egon


text:
Sydney Brenner

Sydney Brenner (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019)  was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, United States.

Education and early life
Brenner was born in the town of Germiston in the then Transvaal (today in Gauteng), South Africa, on 13 January 1927. His parents, Leah (née Blecher) and Morris Brenner, were Jewish immigrants. His father, a cobbler, came to South Africa from Lithuania in 1910, and his mother from Riga, Latvia, in 1922. He had one sister, Phyllis.

He was educated at Germiston High School and the University of the Witwatersrand. Having joined the university at the age of 15, it was noted during his second year that he would be too young to qualify for the practice of medicine at the conclusion of his six-year medical course, and he was therefore allowed to complete a Bachelor of Science degree in Anatomy and Physiology. During this time he was taught physical chemistry by Joel Mandelstam, microscopy by Alfred Oettle and neurology by Harold Daitz. He also received an introduction to anthropology and paleontology from Raymond Dart and Robert Broom. The histologist Joseph Gillman and director of research in the Anatomy Department persuaded Brenner to continue towards an honours degree and beyond towards an MSc. Brenner accepted though this would mean he would not graduate from medical school and his bursary would be discontinued. He supported himself during this time by working as a laboratory technician. It was during this time, in 1945, that Brenner would publish his first scientific works. His masters thesis was in the field of cytogenetics and publications during this time in the field Brenner would later call Cell Physiology.

In 1946 Wilfred Le Gros Clark invited Brenner to his Department of Anatomy in Oxford, during a visit to South Africa. Brenner was persuaded to finish his medical education instead. Brenner returned to medical school where he failed Medicine, nearly failed Surgery and achieved a First Class in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Six months later Brenner had finished repeating Medicine and Surgery and in 1951 received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBCh).

Brenner received an 1851 Exhibition Scholarship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 which enabled him to complete a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree at the University of Oxford as a postgraduate student of Exeter College, Oxford, supervised by Cyril Hinshelwood.

Career and research
Following his DPhil, Brenner did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley. He spent the next 20 years at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge. There, during the 1960s, he contributed to molecular biology, then an emerging field. In 1976 he joined the Salk Institute in California.

Together with Jack Dunitz, Dorothy Hodgkin, Leslie Orgel, and Beryl M. Oughton, he was one of the first people in April 1953 to see the model of the structure of DNA, constructed by Francis Crick and James Watson; at the time he and the other scientists were working at the University of Oxford's Chemistry Department. All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner, who subsequently worked with Crick in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge and the newly opened Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB). According to Beryl Oughton, later Rimmer, they all travelled together in two cars once Dorothy Hodgkin announced to them that they were off to Cambridge to see the model of the structure of DNA.

Brenner made several seminal contributions to the emerging field of molecular biology in the 1960s (see Phage group). The first was to prove that all overlapping genetic coding sequences were impossible. This insight separated the coding function from structural constraints as proposed in a clever code by George Gamow. This led Francis Crick to propose the concept of a hypothetical molecule (later identified as transfer RNA or tRNA) that transfer the genetic information from RNA to proteins. Brenner gave the name "adaptor hypothesis" in 1955. The physical separation between the anticodon and the amino acid on a tRNA is the basis for the unidirectional flow of information in coded biological systems. This is commonly known as the central dogma of molecular biology, i.e. information flows from nucleic acid to protein and never from protein to nucleic acid. Following this adaptor insight, Brenner conceived of the concept of messenger RNA during an April 1960 conversation with Crick and François Jacob, and together with Jacob and Matthew Meselson went on to prove its existence later that summer. Then, with Crick, Leslie Barnett, and Richard J. Watts-Tobin, Brenner genetically demonstrated the triplet nature of the code of protein translation through the Crick, Brenner, Barnett, Watts-Tobin et al. experiment of 1961, which discovered frameshift mutations. Brenner collaborating with Sarabhai, Stretton and Bolle in 1964, using amber mutants defective in the bacteriophage T4D major head protein, showed that the nucleotide sequence of the gene is co-linear with the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide chain.

Together with the decoding work of Marshall Warren Nirenberg and others, the discovery of the triplet nature of the genetic code was critical to deciphering the code. Barnett helped set up Sydney Brenner's laboratory in Singapore, many years later. Brenner, with George Pieczenik, created the first computer matrix analysis of nucleic acids using TRAC, which Brenner continued to use. Crick, Brenner, Klug and Pieczenik returned to their early work on deciphering the genetic code with a pioneering paper on the origin of protein synthesis, where constraints on mRNA and tRNA co-evolved allowing for a five-base interaction with a flip of the anticodon loop, and thereby creating a triplet code translating system without requiring a ribosome. This model requires a partially overlapping code. The published scientific paper is extremely rare in that its collaborators include three authors who independently became Nobel laureates.

Brenner then focused on establishing a free-living roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of animal development including neural development. He chose this 1-millimeter-long soil roundworm mainly because it is simple, is easy to grow in bulk populations, and turned out to be quite convenient for genetic analysis. One of the key methods for identifying important function genes was the screen for roundworms that had some functional defect, such as being uncoordinated, leading to the identification of new sets of proteins, such as the UNC proteins. For this work, he shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and John Sulston. The title of his Nobel lecture in December 2002, "Nature's Gift to Science", is a homage to this nematode; in it, he considered that having chosen the right organism turned out to be as important as having addressed the right problems to work on. In fact, the C. elegans community has grown rapidly in recent decades with researchers working on a wide spectrum of problems.

Brenner founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California in 1996. he was associated with the Salk Institute, the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, the Singapore Biomedical Research Council, the Janelia Farm Research Campus, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In August 2005, Brenner was appointed president of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. He was also on the Board of Scientific Governors at The Scripps Research Institute, as well as being Professor of Genetics there. A scientific biography of Brenner was written by Errol Friedberg in the US, for publication by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press in 2010.

Known for his penetrating scientific insight and acerbic wit, Brenner, for many years, authored a regular column ("Loose Ends") in the journal Current Biology. This column was so popular that "Loose ends from Current Biology", a compilation, was published by Current Biology Ltd. and became a collectors' item. Brenner wrote "A Life in Science", a paperback published by BioMed Central. He is also noted for his generosity with ideas and the great number of students and colleagues his ideas have stimulated.

In 2017, Brenner co-organized a seminal lecture series in Singapore describing ten logarithmic scales of time from the Big Bang to the present, spanning the appearance of multicellular life forms, the evolution of humans, and the emergence of language, culture and technology. Prominent scientists and thinkers, including W. Brian Arthur, Svante Pääbo, Helga Nowotny and Jack Szostak, spoke during the lecture series. In 2018, the lectures were adapted into a popular science book titled Sydney Brenner's 10-on-10: The Chronicles of Evolution, published by Wildtype Books.

Brenner also gave four lectures on the history of molecular biology, its impact on neuroscience and the great scientific questions that lie ahead. The lectures were adapted into the book, In the Spirit of Science: Lectures by Sydney Brenner on DNA, Worms and Brains.

American plan and European plan
The "American plan" and "European plan" were proposed by Sydney Brenner as competing models for the way brain cells determine their neural functions. According to the European plan (sometimes referred to as the British plan), the function of cells is determined by their genetic lineage. According to the American plan, a cell's function is determined by the function of its neighbours after cell migration. Further research has shown that most species follow some combination of these methods, albeit in varying degrees, to transfer information to new cells.

Awards and honours
Brenner received numerous awards and honours, including:

 * Fellow of King's College, Cambridge since 1959.

 * William Bate Hardy Prize in 1969.
 * Albert Lasker Medical Research Award in 1971.
 * Royal Medal from the Royal Society in 1974.

 * Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1978 and again in 1991.

 * Krebs Medal in 1980.
 * Novartis Medal and Prize of the Biochemical Society in 1980.
 * Rosenstiel Award in 1986.
 * Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1986.
 * Harvey Prize in 1987.
 * Genetics Society of America Medal in 1987.
 * Kyoto Prize in 1990.
 * Copley Medal in 1991.
 * King Faisal International Prize in Medicine in 1992.
 * The Dendrobium Sydney Brenner named in 1998 on the occasion of his visit to Singapore's National Orchid Garden the prior year.
 * Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002.
 * Dan David Prize in 2002. directed by Professor Gad Barzilai
 * March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology in 2002.
 * In recognition of his pioneering role in starting what is now a global research community that work on C. elegans, another closely related nematode was given the scientific name Caenorhabditis brenneri.
 * The National Science and Technology Medal by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research awarded Brenner in 2006 for his distinguished and strategic contributions to the development of Singapore's scientific capability and culture, particularly in the biomedical sciences sector.
 * In 2008, the University of the Witwatersrand named the Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB) in his honour.
 * Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun in 2017.
 * In 2019, a newly discovered species of bobtail squid, Euprymna brenneri, was named in his honour.

Personal life
Brenner was married to May Brenner (Covitz, subsequently Balkind) from December 1952 until her death in January 2010; their children include Belinda, Carla, Stefan, and his stepson Jonathan Balkind from his wife's first marriage to Marcus Balkind. He lived in Ely, Cambridgeshire. He was an atheist.

Brenner died on 5 April 2019, in Singapore, at the age of 92.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sydney Brenner


text:
Talk:Entwicklungsring Nord

Most of info here should really be in the Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke article. -User:James Anatidae, 14:43 EST, 2003 November 25

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title: Talk:Entwicklungsring Nord


text:
Subplot

In fiction, a subplot or side story is a secondary strand of the plot that is a supporting side story for any story or for the main plot. Subplots may connect to main plots, in either time and place or thematic significance. Subplots often involve supporting characters, those besides the protagonist or antagonist. Subplots may also intertwine with the main plot at some point in a story.

An example of a subplot interacting with a main plot can be found in the TV series Mr. Robot (season 1). One of the main plots followed the hacker ring known as F-society, led by Elliot Alderson, where they intended to perform a massive hack against the conglomerate Evil Corp; they were executing this hack through a partnership with another hack-ring known as The Dark Army. A subplot emerged around the character development of Elliot's childhood friend and love interest Angela Moss where she evolved from a brow-beaten assistant at cybersecurity firm Allsafe into a powerbroker at Evil Corp through first leading a massive lawsuit against them. During an early point of this subplot, Angela Moss is blackmailed by The Dark Army into installing spyware (surveillance malware) into an Allsafe computer (the cybersecurity firm responsible for protecting Evil Corp). The result of her action in this subplot ended up affecting the main plot when F-society was ready to initiate the hack against Evil Corp. The Dark Army decided to back out from participating in the hack because of information they learned as a result of Angela Moss installing the spyware. Without The Dark Army's support, F-society was unable to initiate the hack and had to realign their strategy, thus introducing a new obstacle in the main plot that had to be overcome. Throughout the story, her subplot repeatedly affected this main plot.

Subplots are distinguished from the main plot by taking up less of the action, having fewer significant events occur, with less impact on the "world" of the work, and occurring to less important characters.

In screenwriting, a subplot is referred to as a "B story" while the main plot point can be referred to as the "A story".

title: Subplot


text:
Talk:Aurelia aurita

Copyright
Is this page a copyright problem? Rmhermen 19:48, Nov 25, 2003 (UTh

Referencing
What does "1-MND-2003, Aurelia sp. 2-MND-2003, Aurelia sp.3-MND-2003, Aurelia sp. 3-MND-2003, Aurelia sp. 4-MND-2003, and Aurelia sp. 5-MND-2003 (NCBI. 2003)." mean? RickK 03:28, Jun 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * Apparently, they are unnamed species in the genus Aurelia of the Ulmaridae family. Here's some "helpful" links:
 * 1-MND-2003
 * 2-MND-2003
 * 3-MND-2003
 * 4-MND-2003
 * 5-MND-2003
 * 6-MND-2003
 * Ulmaridae family
 * NCBI
 * I fail to see how this is helpful or relevant to this article, though, so I'm going to delete it. --Zawersh 12:16, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Picture
hi Need a decent picture. (but without breaking copyrights on the images! I agree with Rmhermen above)  --BeckyAn 07:24, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Agressiveness
In the "Filtering Grid" section, the text claims that this jellyfish is extremely agressive, and that it will attack you if you come to close. This is highly inaccurate. They have never attacked me, and I have been close to them on several occasions, including holding them in my bare hand. Init 21:42, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

On second thought, I removed the offending text. Init 21:44, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

CMonkey111 16:25, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hold on a second, someone actually thought that these were aggressive? I've also picked them up in my hand, on hundreds of occasions, as they are common at the Fort Adams State Beach in Newport, RI. If they were aggressive then the lifeguards would not have allowed people to swim when they were around the swimming area, which is pretty much most of the summer Doc Strange (talk) 04:11, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Commercial uses or ediblity?
ABC Brisbane says Aurelia aurita and Rhompilema esculenta are edible and gives recipes:  It might be good to add a section on commercial uses of jellyfish Drf5n (talk) 20:46, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

I don't believe that anyone processes Aurelia for food. Most (all?) of the jellyfish that are eaten are the thick, cartilaginous species known as rhizostomes, which includes Rhopilema esculenta. Aurelia dries down to an insubstantial membrane that isn't much. As a Chinese scientist once told me about eating jellyfish, "it's about the crunch" - Aurelia wouldn't crunch. Leuckartiara (talk) 08:41, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Salinity
In the distribution section it says "It has been found in waters with salinity as low as 3 ppt salinity, but is typically found only in water with salinity above 23 ppt" and this is followed by a reference. Having read the reference it doesn't say anything of the sort. The only mention of salinty in the reference says "They are known to live in brackish waters with as low a salt content as 0.6%". When I was at school 0.6% meant 6 parts per thousand, and the seawater article says "the vast majority of seawater has a salinity of between 3.1% and 3.8%", so where did 3 parts per thousand and 23 parts per thousand come from? Richerman (talk)

Merger discussion
See Talk:Aurelia_(genus) for a discussion on whether to merge this article with Aurelia (genus). Dohn joe (talk) 22:20, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

Mucusy?
"It feeds by collecting medusae, plankton and mollusks with its mucusy bell nematocyst-laden tentacles and bringing the prey..."

I cannot find 'mucusy' in any dictionary and I guess it's a typo error for mucousy. As I don't remember whether this jelly's bell does feel mucousy or not, I refrain from editing the word. Anyway, the excerpted phrase is grammatically clumsy and incorrect and should be rewritten.--Mirrordor 18:53, 15 November 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mirrordor (talk • contribs)

File:Moon jelly - adult (rev2).jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Moon jelly - adult (rev2).jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on October 1, 2012. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2012-10-01. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks! — howcheng  {chat} 17:22, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Citation and More Information
In the introduction, the information in the second paragraph does not have a citation. It does not correspond with the reference link that was mentioned above. Also some of the information are a little outdated. For example, reference #4 (1953), #5 (1996), #8 (1997), #9 (1966), #12 (1999), #14 (1988) and #17 (1993). There could be more information added to the introduction, explaining more about the jellyfish and their anatomy. Also more content could be added such as the stages of life for the Moon Jelly, their relations to humans, and their relation to ecology. Ginahan24 (talk) 00:05, 9 February 2017 (UTC)ginahan24

File:Moon jellyfish at Gota Sagher.JPG to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Moon jellyfish at Gota Sagher.JPG will be appearing as picture of the day on April 8, 2017. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2017-04-08. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 03:44, 24 March 2017 (UTC)

Distribution map
Although it is found almost worldwide, we should probably still have some kind of map up. I found one here, but someone would need to create a separate svg to avoid copyright problems  HapHaxion   (talk / contribs) 06:07, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aurelia aurita


text:
User talk:ToyAnh

Hey there! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place--I sure do--and want to stay. If you need help on how to title new articles check out Naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and The FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check The Village pump or The Reference Desk! Happy wiki-ing! Alexandros

Hello. I have redirected your cnidocytes page to the already-existing article titled cnidocyte. Usually it's not a good idea to use a plural as an article title. (There are exceptions, such as Beattles or Joint Chiefs of Staff, etc.) Creating a new stub article titled cnidocytes when an aritcle titled cnidocyte already exists is one of the hazards of neglecting this convention. Michael Hardy 23:43, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:ToyAnh


text:
Nova (disambiguation)

A nova is an exploding star.

Nova or NOVA may also refer to:

Fictional entities

 * Nova (fairy), in the U.S. TV series Once Upon a Time
 * Nova (Planet of the Apes), a character in Planet of the Apes
 * Nova (StarCraft), a fictional character in the StarCraft series and Heroes of the Storm
 * Nova (Frankie Raye), a Marvel Comics superhero and a Herald of Galactus
 * Nova (Richard Rider), a Marvel Comics superhero, the original Nova and leader of the Nova Corps
 * Nova (Sam Alexander), a Marvel Comics Superhero, the teenage member of the Nova Corps
 * Nova Forrester, in Star Blazers
 * Nova (Ultra monster)
 * Nova 6, a biochemical weapon in Call of Duty: Black Ops
 * NOVA, in Kirby Super Star
 * Nova, a Magic Knight Rayearth character
 * Nova, a Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! character
 * Weapon of Mass Destruction Nova, in Mirai Sentai Timeranger
 * Nova Terron, a supporting character in Mysticons

Gaming

 * N.O.V.A. Near Orbit Vanguard Alliance, a 2009 video game

Literature

 * Nova (novel), by Samuel R. Delany
 * Nova 1 through Nova 4, anthologies of original science fiction edited by Harry Harrison
 * Nova Awards, UK science fiction award
 * The Nova Trilogy, a series of novels by William S. Burroughs
 * Nova (Brazilian magazine), a monthly feminine magazine
 * Nova (UK magazine), a British magazine 1965–75
 * Nova Science Fiction, a Swedish magazine for science fiction
 * Nova (tabloid), a weekly Indonesian tabloid

Artists

 * Nova (Bangladeshi band), a psychedelic, progressive and hard rock band, formed in 1986
 * Nova (Dutch band), an electronic music band featuring Rob Papen, also known as Peru
 * Nova (Italian band), a progressive rock/jazz fusion band, formed in 1975
 * Nova (Swedish band), a pop music band that participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1973

Albums and songs

 * Nova (Atargatis album), 2007
 * Nova (Rajaton album), 2000
 * Nova (RL Grime album), 2018
 * "Nova" (The Sound of Arrows song), by The Sound of Arrows

Radio

 * Nova (radio network), a group of Australian radio stations
 * Nova M Radio, an American radio network
 * Radio Nova (disambiguation), the name of several radio stations

Television

 * Nova TV (disambiguation), the name of several television channels
 * Nova (Dutch TV program), a current-events program
 * Nova (American TV program), a science documentary series

Companies

 * Nova (Greece), a telecommunications company
 * Nova (Iceland), a telecommunications company
 * Nova Bus, a Canadian bus manufacturer
 * Nova Chemicals, a Canadian petrochemical company
 * Nova Energy, a division of Todd Corporation
 * Nova Entertainment, an Australian company
 * Nova Performance Paragliders, an Austrian aircraft manufacturer
 * Nova Press, a French media company
 * Nova Systems, who run the Nova Systems Space Precinct in Peterborough, South Australia
 * Elavon Inc., formerly NOVA, a processor of card transactions and a subsidiary of U.S. Bancorp

Political parties

 * New Majority (Slovakia)
 * New Serb Democracy, Montenegro
 * New Party (Serbia)

Schools

 * Northern Virginia Community College, Virginia, U.S., also known as NoVa
 * Nova High School (Redding, California), U.S., a public high school from 1967 to 1991
 * Nova High School, Florida, U.S.
 * Nova Southeastern University, Florida, U.S.
 * The Nova Project, an alternative high school in Washington, U.S.
 * Nova (eikaiwa), an English language conversation school in Japan
 * NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
 * Villanova University, Pennsylvania, U.S., informally known as Nova
 * Villanova Wildcats, the school's athletic program also known by the informal nickname

Other organisations

 * Nova – Center for Social Innovation, Spain
 * Nova Group (metros), multinational collection of metro systems focusing on international benchmarking, based in London, UK
 * NOVA-MBA Association, the global association of Italian MBAs
 * Nova Institution for Women, a Canadian federal women's prison

Given name and mononym

 * Nova (given name), including a list of people with the name
 * Nova (singer), a Puerto Rican reggaeton and hip hop singer, part of duo Nova & Jory
 * Nova (wrestler), ring name of American pro wrestler Mike Bucci
 * Nova, stage name of Shaheeda Sinckler, winner of the 2020 Scottish Album of the Year Award

Surname

 * Aldo Nova (born 1956), Canadian musician
 * Debi Nova, stage name of Costa Rican singer-songwriter Deborah Nowalski Kader (born 1980)
 * Erika Nõva (1905–1987), Estonian architect
 * Heather Nova (born 1967), Bermudan singer, songwriter and poet
 * Iván Nova (born 1987), Dominican baseball player
 * Stella Nova (1960–2010), British guitarist

Places

 * Nova, Hungary
 * Nova, East Azerbaijan, Iran
 * Nova, Semnan, Iran
 * Nova, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia
 * Nova, Ohio, U.S.
 * Northern Virginia, U.S.
 * Nova, Africa, former Ancient city and Roman bishopric, now in Tunisia and a Latin Catholic titular see
 * Nõva (disambiguation), several places in Estonia
 * Nova Mine, in Western Australia

Science and technology

 * NOVA (filesystem), a Linux filesystem
 * Nova classification, a taxonomy of foodstuffs
 * Nova (laser), built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1984
 * Nova (operating system), a Cuban state-sponsored Linux distribution
 * Nova (rocket), a series of proposed rocket designs in the 1960s
 * NOνA, a particle physics neutrino experiment in Fermilab
 * Data General Nova, a minicomputer first built in 1969
 * OpenStack Nova, a distributed computing component
 * Nova, a high-altitude ballooning project by CU Spaceflight
 * Nova, a web development application made by Panic Inc.

Cars

 * Nova (kit car), by Automotive Design and Development
 * Chevrolet Nova, an American car produced 1962–1979 and 1985–1988
 * Dacia Nova, a Romanian car produced 1995–2000
 * Holden Nova, an Australian car produced 1989–1996
 * Lada Nova, a Russian car produced 1982–2015
 * Vauxhall Nova, a British car produced 1982–1993

Other uses in transportation

 * Air Nova, a Canadian airline 1986–2001
 * Nova Air, an airline based in Mexico City, Mexico, 2005–2008
 * Nova Airways, based in Khartoum, Sudan, founded in 2000
 * Nova Airlines AB, operating as Novair, a former Swedish airline
 * SS Nova, a Cypriot cargo ship 1969–1971
 * Nova, a brand of train cars used by TransPennine Express
 * Nova Bus, a Canadian bus manufacturer

Other uses

 * Benelli Nova, a pump-action shotgun
 * Nova Scotia salmon or Nova lox, a variant of lox

title: Nova (disambiguation)


text:
Brackley

Brackley is a market town and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, in Northamptonshire, England, bordering Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, 19 mi from Oxford and 22 mi from Northampton. Historically a market town based on the wool and lace trade, it was built on the intersecting trade routes between London, Birmingham, the Midlands, Cambridge and Oxford. Brackley is close to Silverstone and home to the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team. In 2011 the parish had a population of 16,195.

History
The place-name 'Brackley' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Brachelai. It appears as Brackelea in 1173 and as Brackeley in 1230 in the Pipe Rolls. The name means 'Bracca's glade or clearing'. Brackley was held in 1086 by Earl Alberic, after which it passed to the Earl of Leicester, and to the families of De Quincy and Roland.

In the 11th and 12th centuries Brackley was in the Hundred of Odboldistow and in the Manor of Halse. Richard I (The Lionheart) named five official sites for jousting tournaments so that such events could not be used as local wars, and Brackley was one of these. The tournament site is believed to be to the south of the castle where the A422 now passes.

The town was the site of an important meeting between the barons and representatives of the King in 1215, the year of Magna Carta. Magna Carta required King John to proclaim rights, respect laws and accept that the King's wishes were subject to law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether freemen, serfs, slaves or prisoners—most notably allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment. King John and the barons were to have signed Magna Carta at Brackley Castle, but they eventually did so at Runnymede.

Market day was on Sundays until 1218, when it was changed to Wednesdays. It is now on Friday mornings.

The Tudor antiquary John Leland visited Brackley, where he learned 'a Lord of the Towne' named Neville had (at an uncertain point in the past) had the parish vicar murdered. This he had done by having the man buried alive. The writer Daniel Codd observed that in the grounds of St Peter's Church, a human-shaped stone effigy is sometimes pointed out as being connected with the event.

In 1597 the town was incorporated by Elizabeth I. It had a mayor, six aldermen and 26 burgesses.

In 1602, the metaphysical poet John Donne was elected as Member of Parliament for the constituency of Brackley.

Brackley used to be known for wool and lace-making.

It had 20 houses in the 18th century. In August 1882 the Brackley Lawn Tennis Club organised the Brackley LTC Tournament, as part of the Brackley Show.

In 1901 the population of the town was 2,467.

From 1974 to 2021 it was in South Northamptonshire district.

Brackley Poor Law Union
Brackley used the poor house at Culworth until 1834, when Parliament passed the Poor Law Amendment Act and as a result Brackley Poor Law Union was founded. A workhouse for 250 people was built in 1836, southwest of the town on Banbury Road. It was demolished in the 1930s.

Castle
Brackley Castle was built soon after 1086. Its earthwork remains lie between Hinton Road and Tesco. It comprised a motte mound 10 ft high and approximately 44 yd in diameter with an outer bailey to the east. Archaeological excavation has revealed evidence of a ditch defining the perimeter of the bailey. Two fishponds originally lay outside the ditch but have subsequently been infilled – however south of St. James Lake may have formed a part of this. Brackley Castle may have gone out of use in 1147. It was destroyed between 1173 (when the then lord of the manor, the Earl of Leicester, Robert le Blancmain, fell out with Henry II) and 1217 (when the Earl of Winchester, Blancmain's heir, was on the losing side against Henry III during the First Barons' War. The site was later granted to the Hospital of SS. James and John.

Parish church
The oldest part of the Church of England parish church of Saint Peter at the eastern end of the town centre is an 11th-century Norman south doorway. Both the four-bay arcade of the south aisle and the west tower with its niches containing seated statues were added in the 13th century. Next the chancel was rebuilt, probably late in the 13th century. The north arcade and the windows in both the north and south aisles were probably added early in the 14th century, about the same time as the Decorated Gothic chapel was added to the chancel.

Medieval hospitals
In about 1150 Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester founded the Hospital of St. James and St. John. Its master was a priest, assisted by a number of religious brothers. Its duties included providing accommodation and care for poor travellers. In the 15th century there were complaints that successive masters were absentees, holding other livings at the same time as being in charge of the hospital. The hospital was closed in 1423 for maladministration but re-established in 1425. In 1449 a master was appointed who seems to have continued the practice of non-residence while holding parish livings elsewhere. In 1484 the patron, Viscount Lovell granted control of the hospital to William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, citing its failure to give hospitality and alms.

Waynflete had founded Magdalen College, Oxford in 1458 and Magdalen College School, Oxford in 1480. He made the former hospital part of their property and by 1548 it was Magdalen College School, Brackley. St James' chapel became the school chapel, in which use it remains today. It is the oldest building in Great Britain in continuous use by a school. The oldest part of the chapel is the west doorway, which is late Norman. Most of its windows are slightly later, being Early English Gothic lancet windows. The trio of stepped lancets above the west doorway are late 13th century. The Gothic Revival architect Charles Buckeridge restored the chapel in 1869–70.

The Hospital of St. Leonard was a smaller institution, founded to care for lepers. It was 1/2 mi from SS. James and John, apparently on the northern edge of Brackley. It was in existence by 1280. After 1417 it shared the same master as SS. James and John and thereafter there is no separate record of St. Leonard's, so the larger hospital may have taken it over. No buildings of St. Leonard's hospital have survived.

Secular buildings
The almshouses were founded in 1633 by Sir Thomas Crewe of Steane. They have one storey plus attic dormers. They were originally six houses but by 1973 they had been converted into four apartments.

Brackley Manor House was also a 17th-century Jacobean building that also originally had one storey plus attic dormers. In 1875–78 the Earl of Ellesmere had it rebuilt on a larger scale, in the same style but retaining only the doorway and one window of the original building. It is now Winchester House School, a coeducational preparatory school for children aged from 3–13. It used to be a Woodard School.

Brackley Town Hall is Georgian, built in 1706 by the 4th Earl of Bridgewater. The ground floor was originally open but has since been enclosed. Market Place and Bridge Street feature number of other early 18th-century houses and inns, mostly of brick and in several cases combining red and blue bricks in a chequer pattern.

The town park belongs to the National Trust and hosts the Folk in the Park festival.

Roads and buses
Brackley is close to the A43 road, which bypasses the town and links it to Towcester and Northampton to the north-east and the M40 motorway to the west. The A422 links it to Banbury and Buckingham.

The town has numerous bus services and is connected to other towns and cities including Banbury (499, 500), Bicester (505), Buckingham, Towcester, Oxford and Northampton (88).

Railways

There are no railways stations in Brackley - the nearest stations are at Kings Sutton, about 6 mi west of the town and Banbury, around 8 mi away. A bus service links Brackley town centre to Banbury station. Brackley had two railway stations but these were closed in the 1960s.

Brackley's first station, known in its latter years as Brackley Town, opened in May 1850 as part of the Buckinghamshire Railway's Buckingham and Brackley Junction line between Verney Junction and Banbury Merton Street via Buckingham. The London and North Western Railway operated the line from the beginning and absorbed the Buckinghamshire Railway Company in 1879. British Railways withdrew passenger trains from the line through Brackley Town station in January 1961 and closed the line to freight in 1966.

Brackley's second station was Brackley Central, opened in March 1899 on the Great Central Main Line, which was the last main line to be built between northern England and London. The GC Main Line included Brackley Viaduct across the Ouse Valley southeast of the town, which was 255 yd in length, 62 ft high, had 20 brick arches and two girder spans. British Railways withdrew passenger trains from the line through Brackley Central in September 1966. Brackley Viaduct was demolished in sections early in 1978.

Chiltern Railways is said to want to restore services between London Marylebone and Rugby along the former Great Central Main Line. This would have Brackley Central railway station reopen with direct services to London, Aylesbury and Rugby. However, the Department for Transport has chosen part of the former Great Central route north-west of Brackley as part of the new High Speed 2 line between London and Birmingham. A station at Brackley is not currently proposed.

Industry
Brackley is near the Silverstone motor racing circuit, and has some industry related to Formula One racing, notably Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team (formerly Brawn GP, Honda, British American Racing and Tyrrell) which is based in the town, and the Aston Martin F1 team which operates a wind tunnel on the former site of the north railway station yard. On the east outskirts of the town was H. Bronnley & Co., makers of hand-made soaps who hold Royal Warrants of Appointment for supplying Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III.

Schools
Brackley has four primary schools: Bracken Leas, Southfield Primary Academy, The Radstone Primary School and Brackley Junior School. The town also has Waynflete Infants' School, most of whose pupils progress to Brackley Church of England Junior School. There is a private pre-prep/prep school for 3- to 13-year-olds, Winchester House. Magdalen College School, Brackley is the comprehensive secondary school for the town and surrounding villages.

Media
Local news and television programmes is provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian. Television signals in the town are received from the Oxford TV transmitter. The town is served by both BBC Radio Oxford and BBC Radio Northampton. Other radio stations including Heart Thames Valley, Capital Midlands and 3Bs radio that broadcasts from Buckingham. Local newspapers are Banbury Guardian and Northampton Chronicle.

Morris dancing
The Brackley Morris Men are one of only seven 'traditional Cotswold' sides remaining in England, and the only one to survive in Northamptonshire. Their history dates back to the 1600s when a solid silver communion plate was given to the parish. The plate which is still in the possession of St Peter's Church is dated 1623, and is inscribed with the names of seven men, whom local folklore believes to have been the Morris dancers. In 1725 the men were paid half a guinea to dance at the Whitsun Ale at Aynho House. In 1766 their 'Squire' was arrested in Oxford for his insolence and committed to Bridewell as a vagrant. In 1866 an article in the Oxford Chronicle reported on their performance in Banbury, describing their 'many coloured ribbons and other gaudy finery', and the 'witless buffoonery' of their 'fool'. The side still performs today.

Sports and leisure
Brackley cricket Club run 2 Saturday Teams and a Midweek Team as well as a Kwik Cricket and Junior Teams. They play in the Cherwell Cricket League and play at Brackley Cricket Club Ground.

Brackley Town Football Club, known as the Saints, play in National League North. Its finest season was in 2013–14 when it reached the FA Cup Second Round having beaten League One side Gillingham 1–0 in a First round replay following a 1–1 draw. Brackley Town's ground is St James Park. They won the FA Trophy in 2018, this being the first time in the club's history.

Brackley Rugby Union Football Club currently plays in the English Rugby Union Midland Division's Counties 2 Midlands East (South) League. It hosts two senior sides and a number of teams in the junior section.

Brackley Sports Football Club first team plays in the North Bucks and District League Premier Division and its reserve team plays in the North Bucks and District League Intermediate Division. It also has a ladies' team that plays in the Northants Women's League.

Brackley Athletic Football Club is a junior football club affiliated with the Northamptonshire Football Association. It plays in three leagues: the under 7s – 10s are in the Milton Keynes & District Junior Sevens League, the under 11s – 16s are in the Milton Keynes & Border Counties League and the girls' team is in the Oxford Girls' Football League.

Brackley has a tennis club, a leisure centre and swimming pool, a martial arts academy and a badminton club.

South of the town is St. James lake, a balancing lake of almost 3 acre created in 1977. Fishing in the lake is managed by a local angling club. The lake is in a 5 acre wildlife park that is open to the public.

Brackley is also the home of F1 team Mercedes AMG Petronas having had Brawn GP, who were bought out by Mercedes-Benz in 2009. Honda F1 and BAR, who were bought out by Honda in 2006 were previously based in Brackley.

title: Brackley


text:
User talk:ShArky

Hey there! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place--I sure do--and want to stay. If you need help on how to title new articles check out Naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and The FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check The Village pump or The Reference Desk! Good Luck! Alexandros

title: User talk:ShArky


text:
User talk:Paradox2

Hey there! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place--I sure do--and want to stay. If you need help on how to title new articles check out Naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and The FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check The Village pump or The Reference Desk! Happy wiki-ing! Alexandros

No problem. I like meeting new people and you look like a very valuable contributor. I hope you stay! :-). Alexandros 00:20, 26 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I have deleted Moron and Balance of Nature, the latter because is is too small and uninformative, and the former because it was an insult, not an article. I'm guessing the person who created these articles is not the same person who Alexandros welcomed to Wikipedia. Please don't vandalize articles (like ISBN), or you will be blocked from editing. -- Cyan 21:27, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paradox2