text:
User talk:204.169.23.246

Sept 2007
Edina Public Schools released these addresses around 6 years ago to Ties (www.ties.k12.mn.us) The ARIN registration has not been modified even after multiple complaints to reclaim these addresses. Please contact Ties with any issues regarding this IP range. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.25.137.134 (talk) 15:18, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

May 2007
Your recent edit to Hanging Gardens of Babylon (diff) was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to recognize and repair vandalism to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. Click here for frequently asked questions about the bot and this warning. // MartinBot 15:34, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Please do not delete content from articles on Wikipedia, as you did to Amoeboid. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use Sandbox for test edits. Thank you. Caltas(talk) 18:02, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

This is your only warning. The next time you delete or blank page contents or templates from Wikipedia, as you did to Music history, you will be blocked from editing. Stwalkerster talk review 16:26, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
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Long term block
Edina Public Schools released these addresses around 6 years ago to Ties (www.ties.k12.mn.us) The ARIN registration has not been modified even after multiple complaints to reclaim these addresses. Please contact Ties with any issues regarding this IP range.

December 2007
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. android 79  23:38, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Joe Mauer, you will be blocked from editing. Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: Joe Mauer was changed by 204.169.23.246 (c) (t) making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2007-12-05T14:30:10+00:00. Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 14:30, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

January 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Engine tuning has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Alansohn (talk) 20:33, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to Engine tuning constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. John Sloan (view / chat) 20:34, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Engine tuning. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Alansohn (talk) 20:36, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Overhaulin'. Alansohn (talk) 20:39, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

January 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Abada (unicorn), did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot.
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 * The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Abada (unicorn) was changed by 204.169.23.246 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2010-01-15T16:04:45+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 16:04, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Mont Saint-Michel. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Sanyika Shakur.Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. 67.177.70.135 (talk) 02:11, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

March 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Potato chip. When removing content, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the content has been restored, as you can see from the page history. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Weetoddid (talk) 14:48, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
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Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to QWERTY, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Reaper Eternal (talk) 17:53, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Indonesian language. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Reaper Eternal (talk) 17:54, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Internet meme, you may be blocked from editing. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Reaper Eternal (talk) 18:07, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

This is your last warning; the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Internet meme, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Reaper Eternal (talk) 18:08, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

March 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Allies of World War I, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Allens (talk | contribs) 17:31, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Fetal alcohol syndrome. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Allens (talk | contribs) 15:53, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

To edit, please create an account and log in

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March 2014
Hello, I'm Widr. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Asian giant hornet because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Widr (talk) 15:17, 25 March 2014 (UTC)
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Please refrain from making nonconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Asian giant hornet with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. (t) Josve05a  (c) 15:23, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Asian giant hornet with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. (t) Josve05a  (c) 15:32, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

April 2014
This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Chain gun. Lugia2453 (talk) 14:39, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of Barefoot skiing for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Barefoot skiing is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Barefoot skiing& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Natg 19 (talk) 18:01, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:204.169.23.246


text:
Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast

Svetlogorsk (Rauschen ; Raušiai) is a coastal resort town and the administrative center of Svetlogorsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea on the Sambia Peninsula, 39 km northwest of Kaliningrad. Population figures:

History
Svetlogorsk is situated in the historical region of Sambia in Prussia. It was established in 1258 as a Sambian fisherman settlement named Ruse-moter (lit. region of cellars). The Teutonic Order that conquered the land gradually corrupted the name into Rause-moter, Raushe-moter, and finally Rauschen. The Teutonic Order set a new direction for the life of the village: they blocked off the Katzenbach stream, which flows into the lake, and installed a mill on the stream. From that time on, the lake became known as Mühlen-teich (Mill Pond), and the mill business became the main one for the inhabitants of the village. During the Order's times it was the largest mill in Sambia. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), the settlement was a part of the Polish fief held by the Teutonic Knights until 1525, and by secular Ducal Prussia until 1657. From 1701 it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia.

In the early 19th century, the place became fashionable among German vacationers. Since access to the sea was hampered by a sand dune, the picturesque corners of the lake were the place of residence and recreation. A tavern was opened near the mill, new villas and boarding houses were built. On June 24, 1820, it was officially recognized as a spa town. During his visit to Rauschen in 1840, King Frederick William IV of Prussia ordered the sea embankment to be beautified. From 1871, it was part of the German Empire. The popularity of the town as a resort has grown significantly since 1900, when a railway was built from Königsberg to Rauschen / Orth station, extended in 1906 to Rauschen / Dune station, which made the resort more accessible for many residents of Königsberg. The city’s development as a resort was enhanced when the equestrian society built a hippodrome. The town began to divide into the lower section - near the lake, and the upper section (40–50 m higher) by the sea. The upper village was approximately 60 m above sea level. In 1912 a funicular was built: a 90-meter inclined railroad to transport patrons to the sea and back.

In 1908, the resort was further enhanced by improving the beach areas with a wooden promenade built on the seashore on stilts, with several serpentine descents accessing the walkway. Otto Nicolai, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Käthe Kollwitz and Thomas Mann were among the celebrities who stayed there.

In the early years of the 20th century, private individuals launched an intensive construction in Rauschen of country houses, villas and boarding houses, especially in the upper part of the resort. The architecture of these buildings included half-timbered, neo-Gothic, and fashionable historicism, and added to the beauty of the resort. In 1928, the villa of the architect Goering (namesake of the Reichsmarschall) was built in the center of Rauschen, becoming a kind of symbol of the city.

In 1900-1908, a tower of a hydrotherapy was erected in the style of national romanticism. In addition to water treatment, sea, carbon dioxide and other baths, the sanatorium institutions of the city practiced mud, electric light treatment and therapeutic massage. Under the helmet-shaped roof of the tower there was an observation deck for viewing the countryside. Some buildings of the city were built by a charitable society, which consisted of local and visiting entrepreneurs and a wealthy part of the intelligentsia. They built, for example, a home for elderly teachers and a church erected in 1903-1907. The church was consecrated on July 7, 1907, it was built according to the project of architects Vihman and Kukuk in the neo-Romanesque style with elements of Art Nouveau. The attraction of the church was a carved wooden altar. Since 1841, this charitable society, together with the resort residents, has been printing the newspaper "Hospitable Raushenets".

During the First World War, Rauschen became a "branch" of the German military department — civilians were almost displaced by German officers who were being treated and were recuperating.

On 14 April 1945, Rauschen was conquered by the Soviet Union in the course of World War II. It became a part of Kaliningrad Oblast and on 17 June 1947 was given its present name of Svetlogorsk.

On 16 May 1972, a tragedy occurred when an Antonov An-24 crashed into the Svetlogorsk kindergarten, killing 33 people.

In 1994, an urban district was formed, which also included the village of Yantarny and the Primorye settlement Council. The boundaries of the district were clarified in 1999. In 2007, the Svetlogorsk city district was granted the status of a municipal district, and Svetlogorsk was defined as its administrative center, three urban settlements were formed as part of the district, including the urban settlement of the city of Svetlogorsk. In 2018, the urban settlements were merged. In 2019, Svetlogorsk was awarded the status of a city of regional significance.

Today, it is a moderately popular summer resort town thanks to its beachfront and many spas, clubs, and attractions. It has arguably the best preserved Prussian heritage and architecture amongst former Soviet towns that were once Prussian and was spared the destruction suffered by Königsberg and other settlements in World War II.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Svetlogorsk serves as the administrative center of Svetlogorsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Svetlogorsky District as the town of district significance of Svetlogorsk. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Svetlogorsk is incorporated within Svetlogorsky Municipal District as Svetlogorskoye Urban Settlement.

Water Tower
The water tower built in the early 20th century according to the project of the Prussian architect Otto Kukkuk from reinforced concrete structures. Being the tallest building of Raushen at that time, the 25-meter tower became the central point organizing the space of the city center, a kind of "town hall". The water in the hospital came from a tank, where it was previously pumped directly from the sea. Warm baths were intended mainly for those patients who could not go down to the water on their own on a steep slope.

The Zodiac sundial
Zodiac sundial with a diameter of 10.1 meters. The work was carried out by a team of authors under the direction of sculptor Nikolai Pavlovich Frolov. It was installed in Svetlogorsk on the embankment in 1974 for the originality of the composition and the accuracy of the time display.

Nymph
The sculpture of a young nymph girl is a memorable symbols of Svetlogorsk. The statue stands on the promenade, decorating the exit to the embankment from a long staircase leading from the city center.Sculpture created by Herman Branch “Nymph”. The author of the sculpture is the famous German sculptor Herman Brachert, who lived and worked in the village of Otradnoye for more than 10 years.

Promenade
The embankment of the promenade with a length of over 1 km is decorated with unusual sculptural compositions — a bronze statue of a mermaid surrounded by fish and a statue of a naked nymph in a mother-of-pearl shell resting on mosaic waves of turquoise hue. The space separating the sculptural forms is filled with benches with semicircular canopies to protect from the sun and rain: here you can access the Internet for free via Wi-Fi.

Frog Princess
The sculpture "Frog Princess", created by the artist Oleg Melekhov, is a symbol of the city of modern times. An elegant and thin female figure, depicted in the form of a frog, is installed in a park near the railway station. The Frog Princess" personifies the miraculous transformations in the soul of a person who has seen the beauty of love and thereby emerged from the world of illusions. It is a symbol of incessant movement, emphasized by the plasticity of a young girl. For Svetlogorsk, sculpture has become an image of rebirth, a new stage in the life of the city.

Quiet lake
The first vacationers came here for the sake of a mild therapeutic climate and settled on the shore of the Mullenteich pond — the current lake Tikhoe. They lived in the houses of local fishermen, enjoyed nature and occasionally climbed a sand dune to get to the sea water. In the middle of the 19th century, the first hotel and cafe were already opened near the lake, and soon they began to build up the current city center, where all the infrastructure was gradually moved. And the lake remained a quiet and peaceful corner with clean air and rich coastal vegetation.

Wheel of History
The exhibition-museum "Wheel of History" opened in Svetlogorsk on February 1, 2014, there is a permanent exhibition "Raushen - Svetlogorsk", telling about the history of the city.The exhibition presents cultural and everyday objects, rare photographs and other exhibits that tell about life, recreation, crafts and people who lived, created and loved this wonderful place on the Sambia Peninsula.

Cable car
The Svetlogorsk cable car is one of the main symbols of this resort city. With the help of it, you can climb from the sandy beach to the hills with the main urban infrastructure. If for young healthy people it is rather an attraction, then for the elderly, sick or just tired it is a necessity, because the height difference in Svetlogorsk reaches 40 m, the descent and ascent are very steep. The funicular overcomes the 175 m long path in one direction in 5 minutes, so passengers have the opportunity to take beautiful photos or just look at the city drowning in greenery. The cabins are closed, each can withstand a weight of up to 160 kg. Usually there is a queue in front of the entrance, so it's worth getting ready to wait about 15 minutes.

Transportation
The Svetlogorsk-1 and Svetlogorsk-2 stations of the Kaliningrad Railway are located in Svetlogorsk. These stations belong to two railway branches of the Kaliningrad — Pereslavskoye — Pionersky — Svetlogorsk-1 — Svetlogorsk-2 direct line and the Kaliningrad — Zelenogradsk — Pionersky — Svetlogorsk-1 — Svetlogorsk-2 rokadnaya line. At the peak of the popularity of Svetlogorsk in the 1980s, in the summer, every day, full-composite trains went from Kaliningrad to Svetlogorsk and back every 20 minutes, they traveled an average of 45 minutes, a ticket cost 35 kopecks, a travel ticket for a month — 2 rubles. 20 kopecks. Then many Kaliningrad residents, having bought a monthly travel ticket, went to the sea in the summer not only on weekends, but also after work: in the evening to sunbathe for a couple of hours-to swim. In 2013, in the summer, only nine 4-6-car trains a day plied from Kaliningrad (Yuzhny Railway Station) to Svetlogorsk and back, they travel an average of 1 hour. The Svetlogorsk — Zelenogradsk — Kaliningrad train runs once a day. This provides additional opportunities for lovers of high-quality and diverse beach holidays. There is a bus stop near the Svetlogorsk-2 train station, from which buses run to Kaliningrad, Otradnoye.

In August 2008, the construction of the Primorsky Ring highway began, which significantly shortened the way from Svetlogorsk to Khrabrovo Airport, about 30 km. In 2012, the Primorsky Ring was completed to Svetlogorsk and has a branch to Pionerskoye. Further construction of the Primorsky Ring in the direction of the Amber is frozen. The launch of the Primorsky Ring made it possible to unload the old German highway Svetlogorsk — Pereslavskoye — Kaliningrad, which had the fame of a very dangerous road. Despite the slightly longer length of the highway, 45 kilometers on the new road versus 35 kilometers on the old road, the permitted speed of 110 km/ h will significantly reduce the travel time to Kaliningrad. Two lanes in each direction and separated oncoming traffic make driving along the Primorsky Ring much safer and more enjoyable for drivers and passengers.

The city is connected by bus with Kaliningrad, Baltic, Zelenograd and Khrabrovo International Airport.

International relations
Svetlogorsk is a member of Cittaslow.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast


text:
Maggie Gyllenhaal

Margalit Ruth "Maggie" Gyllenhaal (, ; born November 16, 1977) is an American actress and filmmaker. Part of the Gyllenhaal family, she is the daughter of filmmakers Stephen Gyllenhaal and Naomi Achs, and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal.

She began her career as a teenager with small roles in several of her father's films, and appeared with her brother in the cult favorite Donnie Darko (2001). She then appeared in Adaptation, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (both 2002), and Mona Lisa Smile (2003). Gyllenhaal received critical acclaim for her leading performances in the erotic romantic comedy drama Secretary (2002) and the drama Sherrybaby (2006), each of which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination. After several commercially successful films in 2006, including World Trade Center, she received wider recognition for playing Rachel Dawes in the superhero film The Dark Knight (2008).

For her performance as a single mother in Crazy Heart (2009), she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She subsequently starred in the comedies and dramas Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (2010), Hysteria (2011), and Won't Back Down (2012). Her other roles include a Secret Service agent in the action-thriller White House Down (2013), a musician in Frank (2014), and the title role in the drama The Kindergarten Teacher (2018). In 2021, Gyllenhaal made her writing and directing debut with the psychological drama The Lost Daughter, for which she won the Venice International Film Festival's Best Screenplay Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Gyllenhaal has also appeared in five stage productions since 2000, including making her Broadway debut in a revival of The Real Thing. She has starred in several television series, including the BBC political-thriller miniseries The Honourable Woman. For her performance, she won a Golden Globe award for Best Actress, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. She also produced and starred in the HBO period drama series The Deuce (2017–19). Gyllenhaal has been married to actor Peter Sarsgaard since 2009 and they have two children together.

Early life
Margalit Ruth Gyllenhaal was born in Manhattan, on November 16, 1977, to Naomi Achs and Stephen Gyllenhaal. The first name on Maggie's birth certificate is "Margalit", which she did not discover until 2013, when adopting her husband's surname. Margalit (מרגלית) is a Hebrew word meaning "pearl"; some news stories have spelled it "Margolit". She has a younger brother, actor Jake Gyllenhaal, and a half-brother, Luke, from their father's second marriage.

Her father is a film director and poet, and her mother is a screenwriter and director. Her father, a member of the noble Gyllenhaal family, is of Swedish and English ancestry, and was raised in the Swedenborgian religion. Her last native Swedish ancestor was her great-great-grandfather Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal, a descendant of Leonard Gyllenhaal, a leading Swedenborgian who supported the printing and spreading of Swedenborg's writings.

Her mother was born in New York City (growing up in Brooklyn), and is Jewish,   from Ashkenazi Jewish families that emigrated from Russia and Poland. Her mother's first husband was Eric Foner, a noted historian and history professor at Columbia University. Gyllenhaal has stated that she "grew up mostly Jewish, culturally", and she identifies as Jewish, though she did not attend Hebrew school. Her parents married in 1977, and filed for divorce in October 2008.

Gyllenhaal grew up in Los Angeles and studied at the Harvard–Westlake prep school. She spent four months as a student at The Mountain School, a semester school for high school juniors in Vermont. In 1995, she graduated from Harvard–Westlake and moved to New York to attend Columbia University, where she studied literature and Eastern religions. She also studied acting for a summer term at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, England.

1992–2001: Early work
At the age of 15, she made a brief appearance in her father's film Waterland (1992). Soon, she had supporting roles in A Dangerous Woman (1993) and Homegrown (1998), which were directed by her father, which also featured her brother Jake. With their mother, she and Jake appeared in two episodes of Molto Mario, an Italian cooking show on the Food Network. After graduating from college, she had supporting roles in films including Cecil B. Demented (2000) and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). Gyllenhaal later achieved recognition in her own right playing her real brother's on-screen sister in the indie cult favorite Donnie Darko (2001).

She made her theatrical debut in the Berkeley Repertory Theatre production of Patrick Marber's Closer, for which she received favorable reviews. Production started in May 2000 and ended in mid-July of that year. Gyllenhaal has performed in several other plays, including The Tempest, Antony and Cleopatra, The Butterfly Project, and No Exit.

2002–2005: Film breakthrough
Gyllenhaal's breakout role was in the black comedy, Secretary (2002), a film about two people who embark on a mutually fulfilling BDSM lifestyle. The New York Times critic Stephen Holden noted: "The role of Lee, which Maggie Gyllenhaal imbues with a restrained comic delicacy and sweetness, should make her a star." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote: "Maggie Gyllenhaal, as the self-destructive secretary, is enigmatic and, at moments, sympathetic." The film received generally favorable reviews, and Gyllenhaal's performance earned her the Best Breakthrough Performance by an Actress award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, her first Golden Globe nomination, and an Independent Spirit Award nomination. Secretary was Gyllenhaal's first film role which featured full frontal nudity. Impressed with the script, she initially had reservations about doing the film, which she believed could deliver an anti-feminist message. However, after carefully discussing the script with the film's director, Steven Shainberg, she agreed to join the project. Although insisting Shainberg did not exploit her, Gyllenhaal has said she felt "scared when filming began" and that "in the wrong hands ... even in just slightly less intelligent hands, this movie could say something really weird." Since then, she is guarded about discussing her role in the film, saying only that "despite myself, sometimes the dynamic that you are exploring in your work spills over into your life." Next, she had a supporting role in the comedy-drama Adaptation (2002), a film that tells the story of screenwriter Charlie Kaufman's struggle to adapt The Orchid Thief into a film. She later appeared in the unauthorized biography Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), part of an ensemble cast that included Sam Rockwell, Drew Barrymore, George Clooney, and Julia Roberts. The movie grossed US$33 million worldwide. That same year, she had a small role in the comedy 40 Days and 40 Nights. In 2003, she co-starred with Julia Roberts in Mona Lisa Smile in the role of Giselle. In an interview with The Daily Telegraph, she revealed the reason for accepting the role was "to play somebody who feels confident in herself as a sexy, beautiful woman". The film generated mostly mixed reviews, with Manohla Dargis of the Los Angeles Times describing it as "smug and reductive". Her next roles were in smaller independent films: Casa de los Babys (2003), is a story about six American women impatiently waiting out their lengthy residency requirements in a South American country before picking up their adoptive babies, and Criminal (2004), a remake of the Argentinian film Nine Queens, with John C. Reilly and Diego Luna. Gyllenhaal plays an honest hotel manager forced to help her crooked brother (Reilly) by seducing one of his victims.

She starred in the HBO film Strip Search (2004), in which she portrayed an American student in China suspected of terrorism. For her role, Gyllenhaal had to perform multiple scenes of full-frontal nudity as the film tackled issues of strip searches. In 2004, Gyllenhaal returned to theater in a Los Angeles production of Tony Kushner's Homebody/ Kabul as Priscilla, the Homebody's daughter, who spends most of the play searching for her elusive mother in Kabul, Afghanistan. Kushner gave her the role in Homebody/ Kabul on the strength of her performance in Closer. Ben Brantley of The New York Times wrote: "Ms. Gyllenhaal provides the essential bridge between the parts of the play's title." John Heilpern of The New York Observer noted that Gyllenhaal's performance was "compelling". Finally in 2004, Gyllenhaal was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Viewed as a sex symbol, she was ranked in the "Hot 100 List" by Maxim magazine in 2004 and 2005.

Gyllenhaal's next film role was in the 2005 comedy-drama Happy Endings, in which she played an adventuress singer who seduces a young gay musician (Jason Ritter) as well as his rich father (Tom Arnold). She recorded songs for the film's soundtrack, calling the role the "roughest, scariest acting ever" and adding she is more natural when singing on screen than when acting. Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly declared Gyllenhaal's performance "as wonderfully, naturally slouchy-sexy as her character is artificial".

2006–2009: Comedies, dramas and theatre
Following Happy Endings, Gyllenhaal appeared in five films releases in 2006: Trust the Man, Stranger than Fiction, Monster House, World Trade Center, and Sherrybaby. In Trust the Man, featuring Julianne Moore, David Duchovny, and Billy Crudup, she played Elaine, who has been dating Tobey, Crudup's character, for seven years and has begun to feel that it is time for her to settle down and start a family. The film was critically and financially unsuccessful. Ethan Alter of Premiere felt that the performances by Gyllenhaal and Duchovny were "much more at ease" and concluded with "that's probably because they're [sic] played these characters many times before". In Stranger than Fiction, Gyllenhaal played a love interest of Harold Crick, played by Will Ferrell. Her performance in the film received favorable reviews; Mike Straka of Fox News wrote: "Gyllenhaal has never been sexier in any film before and her interplay with Ferrell will propel her to more A-list films, leaving her indie-darling days behind, no doubt." She voiced Elizabeth "Zee" in the animated horror film Monster House. Gyllenhaal played Allison Jimeno, the wife of Port Authority officer Will Jimeno, in Oliver Stone's World Trade Center, based on the September 11 attacks in New York City. She regarded this as "one of the films she most enjoyed making". The film received favorable reviews and proved to be an international success, earning US$162 million worldwide.

In Sherrybaby, Gyllenhaal played a young drug-addicted thief trying to put her life in order after prison so she can reconcile with her daughter. During promotion of the film, she noted of her portrayal of the character: "I think she's in such dire straits that all she has are these kind of naive, fierce hopes. And while I was playing the part I was looking for pleasure and hope in everything, even in these really bleak things. And so it was really mostly after I finished the movie that I felt pain." Her performance in the film was well-received; David Germain of the Associated Press wrote, "Gyllenhaal humanizes her so deeply and richly ... that Sherry elicits sympathy even in her darkest and weakest moments", and Dennis Harvey of Variety magazine called her performance "naturalistic". For her performance, Gyllenhaal earned a second Golden Globe Best Actress nomination and won the Best Actress category award at the 2006 Stockholm International Film Festival.

She appeared in The Dark Knight (2008), the sequel to Batman Begins (2005), in which she replaced Katie Holmes as Assistant District Attorney, Rachel Dawes. Gyllenhaal acknowledged her character was a damsel in distress to an extent, but said director Christopher Nolan sought ways to empower her character, so "Rachel's really clear about what's important to her and unwilling to compromise her morals, which made a nice change" from the many conflicted characters she had previously portrayed. The Dark Knight was a critical and commercial success, setting a new opening weekend box office record for North America. With revenue of $1 billion worldwide, it became the fourth-highest-grossing film of all time, and remains Gyllenhaal's most commercially successful feature to date. In a Salon magazine review of the film, Stephanie Zacharek called Gyllenhaal's character "a tough cookie in a Stanwyck-style bias-cut dress" and stated that "the movie feels smarter and more supple when she's on-screen". IGN film critic Todd Gilchrist wrote, "Gyllenhaal adds real depth and energy to Rachel Dawes".

In addition to film, Gyllenhaal played Yelena Andreevna in the Classic Stage Company's 2009 Off-Broadway production of Anton Chekhov's Uncle Vanya in New York City. The cast also included her husband Peter Sarsgaard. The production, directed by Austin Pendleton, began previews on January 17 and ended its limited run on March 1. Joe Dziemianowicz of the New York Daily News was unenthusiastic about her performance, writing "Gyllenhaal, who was so dynamic as a druggie in the film Sherrybaby, plays Yelena with a slow-mo saunter and monotonous pasted-on smile that makes it seem as if she's been in Sherry's stash." However, Malcolm Johnson of the Hartford Courant was complimentary, noting that she "ultimately blossoms" as the character.

Gyllenhaal agreed to star in the comedy Away We Go (2009), in which she plays a bohemian college professor who is an old friend of John Krasinski's character. The film generated broadly mixed reviews, with Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly describing Gyllenhaal's subplot as "over-the-top". However, A. O. Scott of The New York Times praised Gyllenhaal and co-star Allison Janney for their performances, writing that "both [are] quite funny". Scott concluded with, "Ms. Gyllenhaal's line about sex roles in 'the seahorse community' is the screenplay's one clean satirical bull's-eye". Her next role came in the musical-drama Crazy Heart, in which she played journalist Jean Craddock, who falls for musician Bad Blake, played by Jeff Bridges, whose performance won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film was acclaimed, as was Gyllenhaal's performance. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone observed that Gyllenhaal was "funny, touching and vital as Jean" and that her part was "conventionally conceived, but Gyllenhaal plays it with a tough core of intelligence and feeling." Her performance earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

2010–2020: Independent films and television
In addition to acting, she presented 13 episodes of the PBS television series Independent Lens between 2009 and 2010. The program presents documentary films made by independent filmmakers. In 2010, Gyllenhaal appeared in Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang with co-star Emma Thompson, the sequel to the 2005's Nanny McPhee. She played Isabel Green, which required her to speak with an English accent. The feature received generally positive reviews; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 76% based on 119 critics. The Sydney Morning Herald complimented Gyllenhaal's realistic accent and ability to capture her English character with ease. It was a reasonable success at the box office, earning $93 million worldwide.

For her next film, Gyllenhaal starred in the biographical romance Hysteria (2011), which focuses on the events that led to the creation of the vibrator during the Victorian era. The film received a mixed reception; writing for The Guardian, David Cox noted the film's stereotypes and "yelps of delight", and praised Gyllenhaal's English accent. In February 2011, Gyllenhaal starred in another Anton Chekhov Off-Broadway production as the character Masha in Austin Pendleton's Three Sisters at the Classic Stage Company. The play focused on the Prozorov sisters (Gyllenhaal, Jessica Hecht, and Juliet Rylance), who are "unlucky in love, unhappy in the provinces and longing to return to Moscow", as summarized by Bloomberg's Jeremy Gerard. The production began preview performances on January 12, with a limited engagement through March 6.

In 2012, she played mother Jaime Fitzpatrick in the drama Won't Back Down, about a group of parents involved in a parent trigger takeover of a failing school. Next, she appeared alongside Channing Tatum and Jamie Foxx, as a Secret Service agent in the action-thriller White House Down (2013). The film was met with mixed reviews and under-performed at the box office. A year later, she starred in the musical comedy Frank, about a man who joins an odd band with a group of bizarre musicians. Gyllenhaal, who also plays a musician, said she initially turned down the role because she did not understand it. However, she changed her mind after the story "stuck with her". The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival to favorable opinions; Slant magazine's critic opined that Gyllenhaal has "passive and palpable screen presence". Also that year, she played Hathfertiti in Matthew Barney and Jonathan Bepler's River of Fundament, loosely based on the 1983 novel Ancient Evenings by Norman Mailer.

Gyllenhaal played the lead role as Baroness Nessa Stein, a British-Israeli businesswoman heiress in the BBC political spy thriller television miniseries, The Honourable Woman. The series was well received; Kevin Fallon wrote in the Daily Beast: "Gyllenhaal delivers what might be the most towering, complex, best performance of her career in the miniseries." Time magazine praised the series' pacing, themes, settings, and called Gyllenhaal's performance "remarkable". At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, she won Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film for her performance. The Honourable Woman appeared in a list of The Guardian critics' 30 best television shows of 2014.

In 2016, Gyllenhaal narrated Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina; it was made available for purchase on Amazon's Audible store. In an interview, Gyllenhaal said "Making this, doing this, I feel like it's one of the major accomplishments of my work life." In February 2017, she served as a member of the jury for the 2017 Berlin Film Festival. Returning to film in 2018, Gyllenhaal starred in The Kindergarten Teacher, a drama in which her character becomes obsessed with a student whom she believes is a child prodigy. The film premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival, and was distributed via Netflix. It is a remake of the 2014 Israeli film of the same name. The feature opened to mainly popular reviews; The Daily Telegraph critic gave the film 4 out of 5 stars, and thought Gyllenhaal was well-cast, writing "[her] earnest intensity as an actress, gift for fatigue and slightly holier-than-thou authority are key assets here." Although Dennis Harvey of Variety magazine praised her performance, he thought the film lacked "psychological insight".

She served as a producer and starred in the HBO drama series The Deuce, which aired from 2017 to 2019. Gyllenhaal played Eileen "Candy" Merrell, a sex worker during the Golden Age of Porn. The Deuce earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress.

2021–present: Professional expansion
In 2021, Gyllenhaal made her feature directorial debut with the psychological drama The Lost Daughter, which she also produced and wrote. The film received critical acclaim, and had its premiere at the 78th Venice International Film Festival, where Gyllenhaal won the Best Screenplay Award. It received four awards, including Best Feature and Breakthrough Director, as well as one further nomination at the 2021 Gotham Awards. At the 79th Golden Globe Awards, Gyllenhaal received a nomination for Best Director. She then received a Best Adapted Screenplay nomination at the 75th British Academy Film Awards, and the second Academy Award nomination of her career also for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 94th Academy Awards.

Gyllenhaal will next direct The Bride!, a 1930s-set adaptation of Frankenstein, starring Christian Bale and Jessie Buckley.

Personal life

In 2002, Gyllenhaal began a relationship with actor Peter Sarsgaard. The couple became engaged in April 2006, and married on May 2, 2009, in a small chapel in Brindisi, Italy. They have two daughters, born October 2006 and April 2012.

Political views
At the 18th Independent Spirit Awards in 2003, she spoke out against the Iraq war, stating the reason for the invasion was "oil and imperialism". In 2005, Gyllenhaal drew controversy for her statement that the September 11 attacks were "an occasion to be brave enough to ask some serious questions about America's role in the world ... It is always useful as individuals or nations to ask how we may have knowingly or unknowingly contributed to this conflict." Gyllenhaal took part in Artists United to Win Without War, a campaign started by Robert Greenwald that aimed to advance progressive causes and voicing opposition to the Iraq War.

She and her brother Jake filmed a commercial for Rock the Vote, and visited the University of Southern California to encourage students to vote in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, in which she supported John Kerry. Gyllenhaal supported Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election. She has campaigned on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), an organization her family strongly supports. In June 2013, Gyllenhaal and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for whistleblower Chelsea Manning.

Philanthropy
Gyllenhaal is a supporter of Witness, a non-profit organization that uses video and online technologies to expose human rights violations. She co-hosted a benefit dinner with founder Peter Gabriel in November 2007. Gyllenhaal helped raise funds for TrickleUp.org, another non-profit that helps people in poverty to start a micro-enterprise. For one of the fundraisers, Gyllenhaal helped design and promote a necklace that sold for US$100; all proceeds from sales went to the charity. Since 2008, Gyllenhaal has been supporting the Hear the World Foundation as ambassador. In her role, she advocates for equal opportunities and better quality of life for people with hearing loss. In October 2008, she hosted a fashion show called "Fashionably Natural", which was presented by Gen Art and SoyJoy in Los Angeles. The show featured new designers who worked only with natural and eco-friendly fabrics and materials. Gyllenhaal is an advocate of Planned Parenthood; in 2012 she said, "Women's health is very important to me. It has become such a politicized issue and so I will make every effort to elect officials who believe as strongly as I do that all women [...] have access to quality health care and information."

title: Maggie Gyllenhaal


text:
Talk:Landscape

looks familiar....
This article looks strikingly similar to a footnote in Barbara Bender, Landscape: Politics and Perspectives, page 2, footnote #3...unless Barbara submitted this material, I hope whoever did asked.

There is an end quote to the Bender note, but no clear indication of where the quote begins. Perhaps with "Landscape"? Needs clarification. Deirdre 23:43, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Reorg
The Landscape article was flagged as needing cleanup so I tried to make a start by creating a new page called "Landscape (Visual Arts)" for the painting stuff, and having "Landscape" as a sort of disambiguation page.

The "Landscape (Visual Arts)" page seems to be pure purple prose. I don't understand a word of it and I don't know which bits should be left in the "visual arts" page and which moved elsewhere. BTW I called it "Visual Arts" rather than "painting" so as to potentially cover photography too. If it's felt better then there couldbe one page for paintings and one for photography (if there is ever any photography content).

For the record, the following are the only substantive bits of information from the old "Landscape" page which haven't yet found a new home. It's important that information isn't lost when this sort of thing is done, so I'll look at this soon when I get a moment (or anyone else please go ahead):

"The practice of designing landscapes to engage with issues around visual pleasure and other aspects in terms of function is landscape architecture. A member of the landscape architecture community who has passed a state registration exam is termed a landscape architect." - should be covered under landscape architecture but I'll check.

"Landforms are based on a set of elements that include elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Landforms by name include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, and so forth." - should be covered under "landforms" but I'll check

"The Habitat Theory claims that people like open landscapes because the human species originates in the African Savanna. This theory has been applied to explain why open landscapes are valued, but it fails to explain why this is not universally true." - not sure about this one. New "Habitat Theory" article???

Above now done.

More reorg
Rather stupidly when doing the above I didn't check to see if there was already a "landscape painting" page. There was, just redirecting to Landscape. Anyway, what I've done is move "Landscape (visual arts)" to "Landscape painting", which is what I should have done to start with. That article is still (IMO) largely incomprehensible, but there you go ....

Landscape in optimization
A neighborhood structure togheter with a problem instance define the topology of the search space, also called landscape. A search landscape can be visualized as a labeled graph in which the nodes are solutions (labels indicate their objective function value) and arcs represent the neighborhood relation between solutions.

title: Talk:Landscape


text:
User:Cclarke

 This is me!

Hello! My name is Christopher Clarke, a.k.a. Pikachu. I was born on August 4, 1988 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, but I currently live in British Columbia, Canada.

I have my very own website, Christopher Clarke's Website, you know. Just in case you didn't notice, I'm addicted to all things Calvin and Hobbes (and so is my buddy Peter Dahl)! I celebrate Christmas, not Hanukkah or Kwanzaa.

I was injured in the head and neck in a car accident on December 23, 2003 at late night. The car was a Mercury Sable GS and its rear end was destroyed with me and my mom in it.

Quotes for July: Pumbaa:''Bye, Lester! Timon! (KLUNK!)''

King Kong Timon: Up Here!

Banzai: The Little Major-Domo Bird Hippity Hopped All The Way To The Birdie Boiler.

Zazu: Oh No! Not The Birdie Boiler! Aaaaah!

Simba: BURP!!

Timon: ''Whoa! Nice One, Simba.''

Simba: ''Thanks. Man, I'm Stuffed.''

Pumbaa: ''Me Too. I Ate Like A Pig!''

Simba: Pumbaa, You Are A Pig.

Pumbaa: ''Oh. Right.''

Shenzi: Well, Well, Well, Banzai, What Have We Got Here?

Banzai: ''Mmm...I Don't Know, Shenzi. Uh, What Do You Think, Ed?''

Ed: ''Llllhhhh! Lllhhh! Hahahaha!''

Banzai: ''Just What I Was Thinkin'. A Trio Of Trespassers!''

Zazu: ''And Quite By Accident, Let Me Assure You. A Simple Navigational Error.''

Shenzi: ''Whoa, Whoa, Whoa, Wait, Wait, Wait. I Know You. You're Mufasa's Little Stooge.''

Zazu: I, Madam, Am The King's Major-Domo.

Banzai: And That Would Make You?

Simba: The Future King.

Shenzi: Do You Know What We Do To Kings Who Step Out Of Their Land?

Simba: ''Puh. You Can't Do Anything To Me.''

Zazu: ''Heh Heh. Technically, They Can. We Are On Their Land.''

Simba: But Zazu, You Told Me They're Nothing But Slobbering, Mangy, Stupid Poachers!

Zazu: Ix-Nay On The Upid-Stay.

Banzai: Who Ya Callin' Upid-Stay?!

Timon: Whaddaya Want Me To Do, Dress In Drag And Do The Hula?

[Drumbeats]

Timon: ''Luau! If You're Hungry For A Hunk Of Fat And Juicy Meat, Eat My Buddy Pumbaa Here Because He Is A Treat! Come On Down And Dine On This Tasty Swine, All Ya Have To Do Is Get In Line! Are Ya Achin'...''

Pumbaa: Yep Yep Yep!

Timon: ...For Some Bacon?

Pumbaa: Yep Yep Yep!

Timon: He's A Big Pig!

Pumbaa: Yep Yep.

Timon: ''You Could Be A Big Pig Too! Oy!''

Timon and Pumbaa: AAAAAAAAAAH!

Hyena: Rarr Hoo Hoo Rarr!

Banzai: ''Yeah, We Could Have Whatever's...Lion Around! Haha!''

Shenzi: ''No, Wait, Wait, Wait, I Got One! I Got One! Make Mine A Cub Sandwich! What'd You Think? Hahahaha!''

Ed: Lllhhhlll!

Shenzi: ''What, Ed?! What Is It?''

Banzai: Hey, Did We Order This Dinner To Go?

Shenzi: No. Why?

Banzai: Cause THERE IT GOES!!!

The following intermission quotes are from The Lion King 1½.

Pumbaa: Can I Pause It For A Sec?

Timon: ''Sure. Go Ahead.''

Pumbaa: Be Right Back!

(intermission begins and runs for 1 minute.)

Timon: (while picking his nose) ''It's A Small World After All...La La La La La La La! It's A Small, Small, World! Everybody, It's A Small World After All! La La La La La La La!''

(Timon gasps)

(Pumbaa comes back with some bug-corn.)

Pumbaa: ''OK, I've Got The Jumbo So We Can Share! WERE YOU JUST PICKING YOUR NOSE?!''

Timon: No, I Got An Itch On The Inside!

(they start eating and the movie restarts.)

(Music.)

Ed: Pickle?

Ed: Slide on the soap! (multiple times)

Ed: Napkin please!

Ed: Ah! Hahaha!

(SFX) Eeeeoooooo....POOF! BUUURP!

Cheepoof...BREEEEEE!!!

Buhhhh! Buuhh! Bree broo bree!

(Donkey (Bottom from "A Midsummer Night's Dream") sounds)

title: User:Cclarke


text:
Moonscape

A moonscape is an area or vista of the lunar landscape (generally of the Earth's moon), or a visual representation of this, such as in a painting. The term "moonscape" is also sometimes used metaphorically for an area devastated or flattened by war, often by shelling.

Moonscapes have been a popular subject in art and literature since the technology to observe the Moon surfaced, appearing in work such as a sketch drawn by Petr Ginz, currently residing in the Yad Vashem Museum Special Exhibit in Honor of Israeli Astronaut Col. Ilan Ramon.

In literature, the term appears most often over the last century in reference to cities damaged by ballistics, particularly when applied to post-WWII Berlin, as in David L. Robbins' The End of War , where he describes the city as a "moonscape of desolation".

title: Moonscape


text:
Forever Peace

Forever Peace is a 1997 science fiction novel by Joe Haldeman. It won the Nebula Award, Hugo Award and John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 1998.

Plot
Though its title is similar to The Forever War, and both novels deal with soldiers in the future, Forever Peace is not a direct sequel and takes place on a different future of Earth in the year 2048.

Using remotely controlled, nearly invincible robots called "soldierboys", the Alliance military fights third-world guerrillas in an endless series of economy-driven wars. As only first-world nations possess the nanoforge technology that can produce anything from basic materials, conflict is largely asymmetric.

The novel is told partly in first-person narration by the main character, Julian Class, and partly by an anonymous third-person narrator, who comments on aspects of Julian's personality and background.

The main protagonist, Julian Class, is a physicist and a mechanic who operates a soldierboy. Thanks to electronic "jacks" implanted in their skulls, mechanics are remotely linked to the machinery as well as to each other, being able to experience battle through the machines and read the thoughts of other mechanics who are simultaneously jacked in.

After attempting suicide, Julian and his lover, Amelia "Blaze" Harding, are made aware of a problem with an automated particle physics project that could trigger a new Big Bang that would destroy the universe. The pair speculate that a given universe exists only until its first civilization attempts such a project. When Julian, Blaze, and another physicist submit their paper to a journal's review board, they find themselves the target of "The Hammer of God", a Christian cult bent on hastening an anticipated end of the universe. As the Hammer of God has a secret presence throughout the government, Julian and Blaze narrowly miss being assassinated.

Marty Larrin, one of the inventors of jacking technology, recruits Julian and Blaze in an attempt to use the technology to end war; a little-known secret is that jacking with someone else for about two weeks will psychologically eliminate the ability to kill another human being. By "humanizing" the entire world, dangerous technology would not be a problem for human survival. They do so, stop the particle accelerator's construction, and the war is eventually ended.

Reception

 * Hugo Award winner, 1998
 * Nebula Award winner, 1998
 * John W. Campbell Memorial Award winner, 1998
 * Locus Award nominee, 1998

title: Forever Peace


text:
Campaign management tool

A campaign management tool is software that facilitates the launching and coordination of political campaigns across multiple social media platforms.

In the past, political campaigns were conducted using traditional methods of personal contact, such as television and radio media purchasing, print advertising and direct mail. However, the rising popularity of the Internet has changed how campaigns talk to voters, and also how campaigns maintain communications between staff members, volunteers and political consultants, and getting the campaign message out via the web, e-mail and interactive web forms.

Campaigns are also utilizing an increasing number of tools that assist with accounting, contact management, and handling increasingly complicated government regulations.

The exact best implementation of these sort of tools is under debate. Politicians in many states have started websites and weblogs (or "blogs") with a variety of degrees of success. Social software has been used to benefit politicians. However, at the same time, companies are offering tools that push the edge of social responsibility, including those for publishing spam. Other companies pretending to be legitimate polling agencies, attempt to influence voters through leading questions, in so called "push polls".

Some of the tools are those which enable the formation of local groups. These rapidly forming groups give citizens the confidence that they are not alone, and inspire collective actions. As Reed's law predicted, tools that enable group formations at the edges of the network (Edge Tools), deliver measurable value, as can be seen by the use of Meetup and Get Local on the Howard Dean campaign. While many activists and technologists see great value in these tools, many campaign professionals fear the loss of control. The value of these tools to campaigns below the Presidential level also remains uncertain.

Other kinds of internet tools for campaign management do not have such specific methods of organizing people. There is an increasing number of companies providing web-based software to replace database systems that require a specific computer or network. By making databases for GOTV/voter tracking, fundraising, accounting and campaign management accessible from any location, these vendors are allowing campaigns to take advantage of resources that many individual volunteers and campaign staff have available at home, expanding the use of distributed campaigning techniques.

title: Campaign management tool


text:
Camino Real (play)

Camino Real is a 1953 play by Tennessee Williams. In the introduction to the Penguin edition of the play, Williams directs the reader to use the Anglicized pronunciation "Cá-mino Réal." The play takes its title from its setting, alluded to El Camino Real, a dead-end place in a Spanish-speaking town surrounded by desert with sporadic transportation to the outside world. It is described by Williams as "nothing more nor less than my conception of the time and the world I live in."

Kilroy, a young American visitor, fulfills some of the functions of the play's narrator, as does Gutman, (named after Sydney Greenstreet's character from The Maltese Falcon, but bearing more resemblance to Signor Ferrari, Greenstreet's character in Casablanca) manager of the hotel Siete Mares, whose terrace occupies part of the stage. Williams also employs a large cast of characters including many famous literary characters who appear in dream sequences. They include Don Quixote and his partner Sancho, Marguerite "Camille" Gautier (see The Lady of the Camellias), Casanova, Lord Byron, and Esmeralda (see The Hunchback of Notre-Dame), and others.

Taking place in the main plaza, the play goes through a series of confusing and almost logic-defying events, including the revival of the Gypsy's daughter (Esmeralda)'s virginity and then the loss of it again. A main theme that the play deals with is coming to terms with the thought of growing older and possibly becoming irrelevant.

Inspiration
In 1946 Williams wrote an account of the origins of the play, in which he describes how he was visiting Mexico in 1945 and in a romantic, dreamy mood, when: "I catch a glimpse of a childishly drawn inscription, one that I have seen in a thousand different public places in the States but never before in Mexico. KILROY WAS HERE, it announces...He comes into the Sonata like hot licks on a trumpet, he and the world that he lives in, a world of pawnshops on Rampart Street, jitney dancehalls, dollar-a-night hotel rooms, bars on Skid Row, all the vivid, one-dimensional clowneries and heroisms of the nickel comic and adventure strips, celebrated in the raw colors of childhood’s spectrum. This is Kilroy, the most famous citizen of America, about whom nothing is known except that he goes everywhere that it doesn’t cost much to go, the poor man’s Don Quixote or Paul Bunyan."

Premiere
Camino Real originated with Williams's one-act play, Ten Blocks on the Camino Real, written in 1946 and published by Dramatists Play Service in 1948. This series of 10 scenes, or "blocks", was first staged in a workshop by Elia Kazan at the Actors Studio in 1949. By 1952 Williams had expanded the play into a 16-scene version, and he finalized the text the following year for its publication by New Directions Publishing. For the 1953 Broadway production, directed by Kazan with assistance by Anna Sokolow, the cast included Eli Wallach (as Kilroy), Frank Silvera (as Gutman), Joseph Anthony (as Casanova), Jo Van Fleet (as Marguerite "Camille" Gautier), Jennie Goldstein (as the Gypsy), Barbara Baxley (as Esmeralda), and David J. Stewart (as the Baron).

With only 60 performances on Broadway, the play was not a mainstream success. Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times called it "a strange and disturbing drama," which seemed to be "a dark mirror" of "Mr. Williams's concept of life — full of black and appalling images." Director Elia Kazan later wrote in his memoirs that he had misinterpreted the play by infusing it with excessive naturalism.

London premiere
The first London production opened on April 8, 1957, at the Phoenix Theatre. It starred Denholm Elliott as Kilroy, Diana Wynyard as Marguerite, was directed by Peter Hall and played for two months.

Revivals
Camino Real was presented on television in 1966 by NET, a PBS predecessor, as Ten Blocks on the Camino Real. A black-and-white production, it was directed by Jack Landau and starred Martin Sheen, Lotte Lenya, Tom Aldredge, Michael Baseleon, Albert Dekker, and Hurd Hatfield.

In 1968, the Los Angeles Mark Taper Forum revived the play with Earl Holliman as Kilroy.

In January 1970, the play enjoyed its first Broadway revival at the Vivian Beaumont Theater at Lincoln Center, directed by Jules Irving and starring Al Pacino (Kilroy), Victor Buono (Gutman), Patrick McVey (Don Quixote), Jean-Pierre Aumont (Casanova), Jessica Tandy (Camille), Sylvia Syms (the Gypsy), David J. Stewart (the Baron), Susan Tyrrell (Esmeralda), and Clifford David (Lord Byron). In his review for The New York Times, critic Clive Barnes wrote "there are people who think that Camino Real was Tennessee Williams's best play, and I believe that they are right. It is a play that seems to have been torn out of a human soul, a tale told by an idiot signifying a great deal of suffering and a great deal of gallantry."

The UK's Royal Shakespeare Company revived the play at the Swan Theatre in 1996. The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, and starred Leslie Phillips as Gutman, Peter Egan as Casanova and Susannah York as Camille.

In June 1999, Nicholas Martin staged a production at the Williamstown Theater Festival, featuring Ethan Hawke (Kilroy), Jeffrey Jones (Gutman), Richard Easton (Casanova), Blair Brown (Marguerite Gautier), Christian Camargo (Baron de Charlus and Lord Byron), Hope Davis (Esmeralda), Kristine Nielsen (The Gypsy), and John Seidman (Lord Mulligan and Don Quixote). Reviewing the production in the New York Times, Ben Brantley wrote that "... in his art as in his life, Williams could be grotesquely excessive and sloppy. But whatever he wrote, he tore it straight from his soul, and in this age of irony there is something especially nourishing in such sustained depths of emotion."

In October 1999, Michael Wilson mounted another revival at the Hartford Stage, with a cast including James Colby (Kilroy), Helmar Augustus Cooper (Gutman), Rip Torn (Casanova), Betty Buckley (Marguerite Gautier), Novella Nelson (Gypsy), Lisa Leguillou (Esmeralda), John Feltch (Baron de Charlus, Lord Byron and Don Quixote), Natalie Brown (Lady Mulligan) and Nafe Katter (Lord Mulligan).

In January 2009, director David Herskovits staged a new production at the Ohio Theater in Manhattan. This short version, which focused on Kilroy as the American boxer (played by Satya Bhabha), was a re-imagination of the original one-act play Ten Blocks on the Camino Real.

From March 3 to April 8, 2012, the Goodman Theatre in Chicago presented a new version by director Calixto Bieito and playwright Marc Rosich.

title: Camino Real (play)


text:
User talk:Paladin~enwiki

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

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Tip: you can sign your name with ~

snoyes 20:22, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi. At the moment there is no automated way of checking whether there are words (that you are using in the article) in the titles of existing articles. The only usefull tools in this respect is the search box in the left column. If you press "search" (instead of the default "go") it will display in a seperate section all of the articles which have the word in their title. --snoyes 19:13, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Paladin~enwiki


text:
El Camino Real (California)

El Camino Real (Spanish; literally The Royal Road, often translated as The King's Highway) is a 600-mile (965-kilometer) commemorative route connecting the 21 Spanish missions in California (formerly the region Alta California in the Spanish Empire), along with a number of sub-missions, four presidios, and three pueblos. Historically associated with the Calle Real which terminates in Mexico City, as the former capital of New Spain and the seat of royal power for Las Californias (hence "Real"), its southern end in the modern U.S. state of California is at Mission San Diego de Alcalá and its northern terminus is at Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma.

The name was revived in the American era in connection with the boosterism associated with the Mission Revival movement of the early 20th century. Streets throughout California bear the "El Camino Real" name. The route has been continually upgraded and is decorated with Commemorative bell markers.

Spanish and Mexican era
In earlier Spanish colonial times, any road under the direct jurisdiction of the Spanish crown and its viceroys was considered to be a camino real. Examples of such roads ran between principal settlements throughout Spain and its colonies such as New Spain. Most caminos reales had names apart from the appended camino real. The original route begins in Baja California Sur, Mexico, at the site of Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó, present day Loreto, (the first mission successfully established in Las Californias).

The Portolá expedition of 1769 included Franciscan missionaries, led by Junípero Serra. Starting from Loreto, Serra established the first of the 21 missions at San Diego. Serra stayed at San Diego and Juan Crespí continued the rest of the way with Gaspar de Portolá. Proceeding north, Portolá followed the coastline (today's California State Route 1), except where forced inland by coastal cliffs.

Eventually, the expedition was prevented from going farther north by the entrance to San Francisco Bay, the Golden Gate. Crespí identified several future mission sites which were not developed until later. On the return trip to San Diego, Gaspar de Portolá found a shorter detour around one stretch of coastal cliffs via Conejo Valley.

Portolá journeyed again from San Diego to Monterey in 1770, where Junipero Serra (who traveled by ship) founded the second mission (later moved a short distance south to Carmel). Carmel became Serra's Alta California mission headquarters.

The Juan Bautista de Anza expedition of (1775–76) entered Alta California from the southeast (crossing the Colorado River near today's Yuma, Arizona), and picked up Portolá's trail at Mission San Gabriel. De Anza's scouts found easier traveling in several inland valleys, rather than staying on the rugged coast. On his journey north, de Anza traveled the San Fernando Valley and Salinas Valley. After detouring to the coast to visit the Presidio of Monterey, de Anza went inland again, following the Santa Clara Valley to the southern end of San Francisco Bay and on up the east side of the San Francisco Peninsula.

Between 1683 and 1835, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of religious outposts from today's Baja California and Baja California Sur into present-day California. Heavy freight and long-distance passenger movement was practical only via ships by a coastal water route.

To facilitate overland travel, mission settlements were approximately 30 miles (48 kilometers) apart, so that they were separated by one long day's ride on horseback along the 600-mile (966-kilometer) long El Camino Real (Spanish for "The Royal Highway," though often referred to in the later embellished English translation, "The King's Highway"), and also known as the California Mission Trail. Tradition has it that the padres sprinkled mustard seeds along the trail to mark the windings of the trail's northward progress with bright yellow flowers, creating a golden trail stretching from San Diego to Sonoma.

Valuable seeds were brought to California also marking the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro with trees for different uses. For example, ash trees were the marker for where a spring was to be found, as seen to this day at the church of Nuestra Señora del Tránsito in Fresnillo, Zacatecas.

American era

By the mid-nineteenth century, when California became a state, the route had been improved in certain sections, but was wholly inadequate for large stagecoaches and freight wagons. In 1892, Anna Pitcher of Pasadena, California initiated an effort to establish a commemorate route which was adopted by the California Federation of Women's Clubs in 1902. In the early twentieth century, organizations and government agencies became interested in creating official designations or commemorations of roads and highways. Given the lack of standardized highway signs at the time, it was decided to place distinctive bells along the route, hung on supports in the form of an 11 ft high shepherd's crook, also described as "a Franciscan walking stick". The bells were designed by Mrs ASC Forbes, who also owned the California Bell Company where they were cast. The first of 450 bells were unveiled on August 15, 1906, at the Plaza Church in the Pueblo near Olvera Street in Los Angeles.

A 1915 map produced by the Automobile Club of Southern California traced the route that connected the missions for motorists to follow. The club and associated groups cared for the bells from the mid-1920s through 1931 after the original organization which installed the bells fragmented. Distinctive route markers were added to U.S. Route 101 and other national auto trails when the joint board of state highway officials adopted the United States Numbered Highway System in 1926. The state highways forming El Camino Real were identified as Highway 1, U.S. Route 101 and Highway 82 on the San Francisco Peninsula in a 1959 law. Most of the bells eventually disappeared due to vandalism, theft or simple loss due to the relocation or rerouting of highways and roads. The State took over bell maintenance in 1933. After a reduction in the number of bells to around 80, the State began replacing them, at first with concrete, and later with iron. Justin Kramer took over the production of the bells in 1959. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) began a restoration effort in 1996.

Keith Robinson, Principal Landscape Architect at Caltrans developed an El Camino Real restoration program which resulted in the installation of 555 El Camino Real Bell Markers in 2005. The Bell Marker consists of a 460 mm diameter cast metal bell set atop a 75 mm diameter Schedule 40 pipe column that is attached to a concrete foundation using anchor rods. The original 1906 bell molds were used to fabricate the replacement bells. The bells are most typically marked 1769 & 1906, and include a designer's copyright notice. The two dates represent the date of the founding of the first Alta-California mission in San Diego, and the date of the setting of the first commemorative bell-marker, respectively. In 1997, the California Federation of Women's Clubs, in conjunction with California State Automobile Association, developed a restoration project as part of CalTrans "Adopt-a-Highway" program. Permits issued by Caltrans for installations along state routes have detailed specifications on how the bell should be set up for safety and legal considerations.

For some indigenous populations, the bells are painful symbols of the dehumanization of their ancestors, together with the domination and erasure of their culture. The Amah Mutsun tribal band shared with local authorities how the bells represent historical injustices and oppression of their people. In response, a bell at the University of California, Santa Cruz was removed by campus officials in June 2019. The issue was also present when the statues of Junípero Serra were damaged and/or removed in 2020 during the George Floyd protests which expanded to include monuments of individuals associated with the controversy over the genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas. The historical preservation commission of Santa Cruz reported to the city council in November 2020 that the bells represent a painful history for the indigenous people of the city, and noted that a bell in Mission Park Plaza had been stolen in 1999 and not replaced. Santa Cruz scheduled the removal of the last bell in the city, at the intersection of Soquel and Dakota avenues, for August 28, 2021, but the bell was stolen the night before it was to be removed. The Tribal Band, an organization of local tribes, led a ceremony to mark the occasion in spite of the theft.

Modern highway and street routes
Several modern highways include parts of the commemorative route, though large sections are on city streets (for instance, most of the stretch between San Jose and San Francisco). The full route as defined by the California State Legislature is as follows:

Some older local roads that parallel these routes also have the name. Mission Street in San Francisco does correspond to the commemorative route. An unpaved stretch of the old road has been preserved just east of Mission San Juan Bautista; this section of road runs parallel to the San Andreas Fault, which can be clearly seen where the ground drops several feet. Many streets throughout California bear the name of the road, often with scant relation to the original.
 * East Bay route

A section of the old mission road, El Camino Real fronts the Rios-Caledonia Adobe in San Miguel. This road served stagecoaches and then was paved as part of the original US 101 highway.

The route through San Mateo and Santa Clara counties is designated as State Route 82, and some stretches of it are named El Camino Real. The old road is part of the de Anza route, located a few miles east of Route 101.

Historic designations
El Camino Real is designated as California Historical Landmark #784. There are two state historical markers honoring the road: one located near Mission San Diego de Alcalá in San Diego and the other one near Mission San Francisco de Asís in San Francisco.

title: El Camino Real (California)


text:
EAI

EAI may refer to:

 * East Asia Institute
 * East Asia Institute (Korea)
 * East Asia Institute (Ludwigshafen)
 * Weatherhead East Asian Institute
 * Electro-Acoustic improvisation
 * Electronic Arts Intermix, an American art organization
 * Electronic Associates, Inc., an American analog computer manufacturer
 * Element AI, a former Canadian artificial intelligence company
 * Email address internationalization
 * Engineering Animation, Inc., a defunct American visualization software company
 * Enterprise application integration, the use of software and computer systems' architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications
 * Erythema ab igne
 * Excalibur Almaz, a Manx private spaceflight company

title: EAI


text:
Alaska (novel)

Alaska is a 1988 historical novel by James A. Michener. Like other Michener titles, Alaska spans a considerable amount of time, traced through the gradual interlinking of several families.

Plot introduction
Alaska is 868 pages long. Along with the reading, Michener provides a table of contents, a list of acknowledgements, and a Fact and Fiction section. The third item offers the reader an insight into what occurred in real life and what the author invented.

Chapter I: The Clashing Terranes
A sweeping description of the formation of the North American continent. The reader follows the development of the Alaskan terrain over millennia. The city of Los Angeles is now some twenty-four hundred miles south of central Alaska, and since it is moving slowly northward as the San Andreas fault slides irresistibly along, the city is destined eventually to become part of Alaska. If the movement is two inches a year, which it often is, we can expect Los Angeles to arrive off Anchorage in about seventy-six million years.

Chapter II: The Ice Castle
The plot of this chapter follows the mastodons, sabre-toothed tigers and woolly mammoths as they make their way into Alaska via the land bridge. First, the animals are discussed in general terms. Then, in the second half of the chapter, the reader learns about a specific mammoth named Mastodon, and another named Matriarch. The plot follows Matriarch and her family, as they encounter man for the first time.

Chapter III: People of the North
About some of the early Eskimos, particularly a man named Oogruk and his family. The chapter details the hunting of a whale as well as the beginning of hunting sea otters for fur by the Russians.

Chapter IV: The Explorers
This chapter tells of the early exploration of Alaska along with Russia's first encounters with the native peoples, including the brutal slaughter of many native people and sea otters.

Chapter V: The Duel
The duel referred to in the chapter's title is the one between the shamanism of the native people and the Christianity of the Russian settlers. After the men from one tribe are taken away to aid in hunting, the women and babies are left to fend for themselves. They learn to pilot kayaks, something that had been forbidden to them, and ultimately harpoon a small whale to ensure their survival. After the Russians return, a girl named Cidaq is "purchased" and taken to Kodiak Island, but not before she is brutally abused by one sailor in particular. On Kodiak, she consults with a shaman and his mummy and decides to seek revenge upon this man by converting to Christianity to marry him when he returns to Kodiak, believing that she can humiliate him by refusing to marry him at the last moment. However, she goes through with the wedding and becomes a battered wife. A priest on Kodiak falls in love with her, and after her husband is killed by a great tidal wave, Cidaq (rechristened Sofia) marries the priest, who changes his relationship with the church to become the kind of priest who can marry. At the end of the chapter, Michener states that Christianity won over shamanism, but in the process, the population of native people dwindled from more than 18,000 to fewer than 1,200.

Chapter VI: Lost Worlds
This chapter further details the clashes between the Native people and the Russians, most specifically the Battle of Sitka. The events are shown through the eyes of a native named Raven-heart and an Arkady Voronov, the son of Father Vornov and Sofia Kuchovskaya (formerly Cidaq). Arkady Voronov marries a Russian woman who moves to Alaska, and together they navigate the Yukon River. The chapter also explains the death of Alexander Baranov and ends with the purchase of Alaska by the United States of America.

Chapter VII: Giants in Chaos
This chapter shows the clash between two rival ship captains, Captains Schransky and Michael A. Healy. Meanwhile, Reverend Sheldon Jackson, a missionary, travels to Alaska to further establish it as a state, with the help of Senator Benjamin Harrison. He sets about establishing Christian missions of various denominations to further spread Christianity to the native people of Alaska.

Chapter VIII: Gold
The eighth chapter tells of the chaos surrounding the Alaskan gold rush using the fictitious Venn family and a prospector named John Klope. It mentions the real character of Soapy Smith and his fatal duel with Frank H. Reid. It also details the hardships of crossing the Chilkoot Pass.

Chapter IX: The Golden Beaches of Nome
Gold is discovered in Nome, and Tom Venn and his stepmother Missy pick up their stakes and move there. Tom is appointed manager of a branch of Ross and Raglan, a store that sells food and outdoor supplies. Missy's boyfriend Matt Murphy joins Tom and Missy in Nome, arriving there via bicycle. Although these characters are fictitious, the bike trip is based on the real bike trek of Max R. Hirshberg in 1900, and the troubles of gold mine thieving with judicial collusion is based upon the politician Alexander McKenzie and Judge Arthur H. Noyes.

Chapter X: Salmon
This chapter describes the formation and operation of a fictional company's cannery (an Alaskan first) on the Taku Inlet when Ross and Raglan appoint Tom Venn to be in charge of the cannery, the fishing and the Chinese laborers. Along the way, the company clashes with local members of the Tlingit tribe, whose fishing rights are being encroached upon. Tom begins on-and-off romances with two girls; one is Lydia Ross, the daughter of the owner of Ross and Raglan, and the other is Nancy Bigears, the daughter of a local Tlingit of whom Tom is very fond. Nancy Bigears, knows the romance cannot continue because Tom Venn is unable to comprehend the fishing rights and salmon conservancy issues created by his cannery. Nancy Bigears father, who lived across the inlet from the cannery is now prohibited from fishing on his ancestral lands. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns that Tom marries Lydia, and that Nancy marries Ah Ting, a Chinese man who was once employed as a foreman at the salmon cannery before striking out on his own.

Chapter XI: The Railbelt
In 1919, a government official arrives in a small town of Minnesota made up of immigrants of Swedish and Finnish descent, as well as those who have been in the United States for several generations. He recruits a group of families to move to Alaska and settle in the Matanuska Valley, where they will be provided with land that they will not begin to pay on for at least three years, as long as they promise to farm. This chapter follows the Flatch family closely, especially the children. LeRoy Flatch grows up to become a bush pilot and Flossie is an animal lover who falls in love with a local "half-breed" man of white and Eskimo descent.

Chapter XII: The Rim of Fire
In a typical James Michener fashion, the final chapter is an interaction between various characters in preceding chapter or their descendants. Alaska is in the process of applying for statehood. Missy remains on the side advocating for statehood, while Tom Venn petitioned to keep Alaska a territory and under Seattle business control. In the end President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act, making Alaska the 49th state of the Union.

Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science
Michener invents characters and places although he also uses factual people or places in fictional events.
 * Vitus Bering and the Bering Strait
 * Alexander Baranov
 * James Cook
 * Kodiak Island
 * The Tlingit people
 * Battle of Sitka
 * Dmitri Petrovich Maksutov
 * The Yukon River
 * The Reverend Sheldon Jackson
 * The settlement in Matanuska Valley
 * Captain Michael A. Healy

Drawings and maps
Throughout the novel are drawings (at the beginnings of chapters) and maps (frontispiece, pages 102–103, and inside back cover). There is also an amount of calligraphy. The maps are credited to Jean-Paul Tremblay. Carole Lowenstein is responsible for the book's physical and calligraphy.

Jacket design
The jacket of Alaska features an illustration on the front and a photograph of Michener on the back. The jacket design and aforementioned sketch are credited to Wendell Minor. The illustration is an oval-shaped sketch of items easily identifiable with the state of Alaska.They include (clockwise):
 * a snow-capped mountain
 * a sky of pink, orange, and yellow hues
 * an amphibious airplane (known as a 'bush plane' in the state)
 * a dark gray-green hill
 * a floating, craggy iceberg
 * calm, highly-reflective water
 * a small figure in a kayak
 * a tiny village at the foot of another hill

The photograph of James Michener, on the back cover, was taken in 1986 when Michener was working on Alaska. Michener's picture is credited to Michael A. Lewis of the Sheldon Jackson College in Sitka, Alaska.

Journey
Michener's novel Journey (1989) was expanded from a section originally cut from Alaska.

Critical reception
Kirkus Reviews was lukewarm about the novel, describing the characters as puppets and that the historical framework of the book lacked rigor and substance. The Harbus described the book as easily-digestible, compelling, and accessible. The Christian Science Monitor points out that people, rather than events, uniquely shape this historical novel.

title: Alaska (novel)


text:
El Camino Real

El Camino Real may refer to:

Roads

 * El Camino Real (California), commemorative route in the U.S. state of California from San Diego to Sonoma
 * California State Route 82, highway named El Camino Real that follows portions of the historic route
 * El Camino Real (Florida), a historic trail from St. Augustine westward to the Spanish missions in north Florida
 * El Camino Real (Missouri), a historic trail connecting Spanish settlements in cities like New Madrid and Ste. Genevieve
 * El Camino Real (Mexico), a road through Yucatán and Campeche; see
 * El Camino Real (Panama), connecting Panama City and Portobelo; see History of Panama (to 1821)
 * El Camino Real (Sinaloa and Sonora), a historical road that connected Spanish and later Mexican settlements in Sinaloa and Sonora; see Casanate, Álamos Municipality, Sonora
 * El Camino Real de Chiapas, connecting the colonial cities of Chiapa de Corzo, México with Antigua Guatemala; see San Andrés Sajcabajá
 * El Camino Real de los Tejas, a Spanish mission trail running through Texas and into Louisiana
 * El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, a historical road that went from Mexico City to Santa Fe, New Mexico

Music

 * "El Camino Real", composition for concert band by Alfred Reed
 * El Camino Real, Todos Tus Muertos album
 * El Camino Real, William Basinski album
 * El Camino Real, Carmaig de Forest album
 * El Camino Real, Camper Van Beethoven album
 * El Camino Real, Jonathan Wilson EP

Other uses

 * Camino Real, a 1953 play by Tennessee Williams
 * Camino Real Hotels, a hotel chain in Mexico
 * Camino Real strawberry, a strawberry cultivar
 * El Camino Real Charter High School, Los Angeles, California, United States
 * Episcopal Diocese of El Camino Real, encompassing northern and central California

title: El Camino Real


text:
Slussenområdet

Slussenområdet (, the Sluice area) is an area of central Stockholm, on the Söderström river, connecting Södermalm and Gamla stan. The area is named after the locks between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. Called Karl Johanslussen, the locks themselves allow passage between these two bodies of water (of different levels). Slussen also refers to the cloverleaf interchange and associated pedestrian passages and walkways opened on 15 October 1935.

The Slussen metro station is a hub of public transport in Stockholm, serving the red and green lines of the Stockholm Metro, with an adjoining bus terminal and Saltsjöbanan commuter rail station serving the eastern parts of Stockholm and its surroundings. The Djurgården ferry departs adjacently.

History
It is unclear exactly when the channel at Slussen was created, but in the centuries up to the 17th century the differences in level between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea made it increasingly difficult to pass through the Söderström channel. The first lock was built here in 1642, Queen Christina's Lock. By the early 1700s the lock proved too small and in 1751 the Christopher Polhem Lock was completed. In 1850 an even larger lock was completed, the Nils Ericson lock.

In the 1860s rail traffic started crossing the locks and in the ensuing decades more and more wagon and carriage traffic, as well as pedestrians, crossed the lock between Gamla Stan and the Södermalm suburb. Various plans to improve the traffic situation were drawn up between 1895 and 1919.

With the arrival of the automobile, by the 1920s, the traffic situation was being called "Slussen Misery" (Slusseneländet) in the press. In 1930 a committee was appointed with the task of solving this and other traffic congestion issues. (See article in Swedish Wikipedia) In 1931 a total overhaul of Slussen was funded. Buildings were demolished, a new Karl-Johan Lock was built, and a cloverleaf interchange was built. Pedestrian tunnels and walkways were built on three different levels. The project was praised by Le Corbusier as "the modern era's first large project".

Political plans for reshaping the area began in the 1970s. A vigorous discussion in Swedish media followed with some arguing that Slussen was a unique historic example of traffic engineering and thus should be preserved, while others argued that many of the original design features were either no longer needed due to other traffic relief projects such as tunnels that had been completed over the previous few decades, or were unusable due to physical deterioration of the structure.

After conducting a competition, in May 2009 the city of Stockholm announced that the firm of Norman Foster had been selected to create a new master plan of the Slussen area. The design of Foster and Partners features two linked pedestrian bridges and one for traffic. It removes many of the existing roads and creates several new blocks of buildings in proximity to the waterfront.

The interchange was closed in 2016 and the demolition of the present structure started. The area will be a construction site for the next eight to ten years.

title: Slussenområdet


text:
ECR

ECR may refer to:

Associations

 * Efficient Consumer Response, a trade and industry body
 * US Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution
 * European Conservatives and Reformists Party, a European political party
 * European Conservatives and Reformists, the affiliated European Parliament group
 * European Centre for Restoration Techniques (ECR)

Radio

 * East Coast Radio (South Africa), a South African radio station (FM 94-95)
 * East Coast Radio (Ireland), an Irish radio station

Transportation

 * East Central Railway zone, part of the Indian rail network
 * East Coast Rail, Australian rail freight operator

 * East Coast Road, a scenic beachway along the Coromandel coast of South India
 * East Cross Route in London
 * East Croydon station, a railway station and tram stop in Croydon, England
 * Euro Cargo Rail, rail freight operator based in France
 * Route ECR, SamTrans bus route, San Mateo County, California, United States

Science and technology

 * Electron cyclotron resonance, a phenomenon in physics
 * European Congress of Radiology

Engineering

 * Electrical contact resistance, the surface-structure-dependent resistance at a contact interface
 * Engineering Change Request, a request for a change in the specification(s) - see Change request or Engineering change order

Other

 * Early Career Researcher
 * ECR Engines, the engine-building division of Richard Childress Racing
 * Ed Carpenter Racing, an American racing team in the IndyCar Series
 * Electronic Cash Register
 * El Camino Real (disambiguation)
 * Engine control room, shipbuilding abbreviation

title: ECR


text:
Mom (disambiguation)

Mom is a colloquial term for a mother.

Mom, Moms, MOM, MoM, or M.O.M may also refer to:

Film and television

 * Ministry of Mayhem, a British children's television show (MoM)
 * Mom (film), a 2017 Indian thriller drama film
 * Mom (TV series), an American situation comedy
 * Moms (film), a 2012 Russian anthology film
 * "The Moms", an episode of 30 Rock
 * M.O.M.S — Mhies on a Mission, a Philippine talk show
 * Moms (talk show), a Philippine television talk show

Characters

 * Mom (Futurama), a character in the TV series Futurama
 * Mom, a character in the film Holes
 * Mom, a fish on the American television talk show FishCenter Live
 * Mom (Dexter's Laboratory), a character from the animated series Dexter's Laboratory

Information technology

 * Management Object Model, in high-level architecture parlance
 * Message-oriented middleware, a category of communications software
 * Microsoft Operations Manager, a network management product

Literature

 * Ministry of Magic, the Government for the Magical community of Britain and Ireland in the Harry Potter franchise
 * "Mom" (short story), a Thai short story by Kukrit Pramoj

Music

 * Methods of Mayhem, an American rapcore band (MoM)
 * Mouse on Mars, an electronic music duo from Germany (MoM)
 * Moms (album), a 2012 album by Menomena
 * "Mom" (Bonnie Tyler song), 2013; covered by Garth Brooks, 2014
 * "Mom" (Earth, Wind & Fire song), 1972
 * "Mom" (Meghan Trainor song), 2016
 * MOM: Music for Our Mother Ocean, a series of 1990s alternative-rock charity albums

Organizations

 * Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, a research body in France, specializing in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East
 * Medicaid Obstetrical and Maternal Services, a program in New York State Department of Health
 * Methodist Overseas Mission, a division of the Methodist Church of Australasia that ran missions from the 1930s to around 1980
 * Ministry of General Machine-Building, a Soviet government ministry overseeing rocket technology
 * Ministry of Manpower (Singapore), a governmental organization in Singapore (MoM)
 * MOM Brands, formerly Malt-O-Meal, American breakfast cereal company
 * Mothers Organized for Moral Stability, a 1960s socially conservative American organization

Nickname or first name

 * Mom Boucher (1953–2022), Canadian convicted murderer and Hells Angels member
 * Moms Mabley (1894–1975), African American comedian

Surname

 * Arturo S. Mom (1893–?), Argentine screenwriter and film director
 * Mom Chim Huy (born 1939), Cambodian politician
 * Mom Soth, Cambodian film actor
 * Mark Mom (born 1974), Papua New Guinean rugby league footballer
 * Rady Mom (born 1970), Cambodian-born American politician

Science

 * Methoxymethane, an ether
 * Methoxymethyl, see chloromethyl methyl ether
 * Milk of magnesia (MoM), a suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water
 * Modular Ocean Model, a numerical model for studying the global ocean climate system

Transportation

 * Mars Orbiter Mission, an Indian spacecraft
 * Monmouth Ocean Middlesex Line, a proposed New Jersey Transit rail line

Other uses

 * City Municipality of Maribor (Mestna občina Maribor), a local government area in Slovenia
 * Mall of Memphis, a defunct mall in Memphis, Tennessee (MoM)
 * Manufacturing operations management, a methodology for optimization of manufacturing operations
 * Master of Magic, a 1994 fantasy turn-based strategy computer game (MoM)
 * Member of the National Order of Merit (Republic of Malta)
 * Member of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces, a Canadian award
 * Memory of Mankind, a preservation project to preserve the knowledge about present human civilization
 * Method of moments (disambiguation) (MoM)
 * Minions of Mirth, an MMORPG by Prairie Games (MoM)
 * Minutes of meeting, instant written record of a meeting or hearing (MoM)
 * MOM, acronym for American professional wrestling tag team Men on a Mission
 * mom, the abbreviation for the obsolete unit of length myriometre
 * Mom (royal title), a Thai royal title
 * Multiple of the median (MoM)

title: Mom (disambiguation)