text:
Poles in the Soviet Union

The Polish minority in the Soviet Union are Polish diaspora who used to reside near or within the borders of the Soviet Union before its dissolution. Some of them continued to live in the post-Soviet states, most notably in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, the areas historically associated with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan among others.

1917–1920
Millions of Poles lived within the Russian Empire (along with Austria-Hungary and the Prussian Kingdom) following the military Partitions of Poland throughout the 19th century, which resulted in the extinction of the Polish state. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, followed by the Russian Civil War, the majority of the Polish population saw cooperation with the Bolshevik forces as betrayal and treachery to Polish national interests. Polish writer and philosopher Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz lived through the Russian Revolution while in St. Petersburg. What he saw, had a profound effect on his works, many of which display themes of the horrors of the Civil War he witnessed. Among the many Polish victims of the revolution was the father of Polish eminent composer Witold Lutosławski, Marian Lutosławski and his brother Józef, murdered in Moscow in 1918 as alleged "counter-revolutionaries".

There were also some Poles (or those of partial Polish descent) associated with the communist movement. Famous revolutionaries include Konstantin Rokossovsky, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky, Julian Marchlewski, Stanislaw Kosior, Karol Świerczewski and Felix Dzerzhinsky, founder of the Cheka secret police which would later turn into the NKVD. The Soviet Union also organized Polish units in the Red Army and a Polish Communist government-in-exile, however the former were persecuted and subject to mock trials following the end of the Second World War and the latter being appointed and installed by the Soviet regime as opposed to the legitimate government-in-exile based in London. Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee was created in 1920 but failed to control Poland.

1921–1938
Polish communities were inherited from Imperial Russia after the creation of the Soviet Union. After World War I, Poland reestablished itself as an independent country, and its borders with the USSR were finalized by the Peace of Riga in 1921 at the end of the Polish-Soviet War, which left significant territories populated by Poles near or within the confines of the Soviet Union. According to the 1926 Soviet census, there were a total of 782,334 Poles in the USSR. The largest concentration of Poles was in what was then Soviet Ukraine, where according to the Soviet census in 1926 476,435 Poles lived. Those estimates are considered to have been lowered by Soviet officials. Church and independent estimates show estimates of 650,000 to 700,000 Poles living in that area. This suggests that the total Polish population of the USSR was in excess of 1,000,000.

Initially the Soviets pursued a policy where the local national language was used as a tool for eradication of national identity in favour of "communist education of masses". In the case of the Poles this meant a goal of Sovietisation of the Polish population. However this proved extremely difficult as the Soviet communists themselves realised that the Poles were en masse opposed to communist ideology, seeing it as hostile to Polish identity and their predominant Roman Catholic religion. The policy of religious discrimination, plunder and terror further strengthened Polish resistance to Soviet rule. As a result, the Soviet authorities started to imprison and forcefully remove all those seen as an obstacle to their policies.

Two Polish Autonomous Districts were created, with one in Belarus and one in Ukraine. The first one was named Dzierzynszczyzna, after Felix Dzierżyński; the second was named Marchlewszczyzna after Julian Marchlewski. Following the failure of the Sovietisation of the USSR's Polish minority, the Soviet rulers decided to portray Poles as enemies of the state and use them to fuel Ukrainian nationalism in order to direct Ukrainian anger away from the Soviet government. After 1928 Soviet policies turned to outright eradication of Polish national identity. Special centers were established where the youth was indoctrinated towards hatred against the Polish state, all contacts with relatives within Poland were dangerous and could result in imprisonment. Newspapers printed out in the Polish language were de facto used to print anti-Polish propaganda. Following attacks on the Polish minority, from 18 February 1930 till 19 March 1930 over 100,000 people from Polish areas were expelled by the Soviet authorities.

Following the collectivization of agriculture under Joseph Stalin, both autonomies were abolished and their populations were subsequently deported to Kazakhstan in 1934–1938. Many people starved during the deportation and after, since the deported were moved to sparsely populated areas, unprepared for migration, lacking basic facilities and infrastructure. The survivors were under the supervision of the OGPU/NKVD, cruelly punished for any sign of discontent. 21,000 Poles died during the Holodomor.

In 1936 the Poles were deported from the territories of Belarus and Ukraine adjacent to the state border (the first recorded deportation of a whole ethnic group in the USSR). Tens of thousands of ethnic Poles became victims of the Great Purge in 1937–1938 (see Polish operation of the NKVD). The Communist Party of Poland was also decimated in the Great Purge and was disbanded in 1938. Another decimated group of Poles was the Roman Catholic clergy, who opposed the forced atheization.

A number of Poles fled to Poland during this time, among them Igor Newerly and Tadeusz Borowski.

1939–1947
During World War II, after the Soviet invasion of Poland the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (referred to in Poland as Kresy wschodnie or "eastern Borderlands"), and another 5.2–6.5 million ethnic Poles (from the total population of about 13.5 million residents of these territories) were added, followed by further large-scale forcible deportations to Siberia, Kazakhstan and other remote areas of the Soviet Union.

The number of Poland's citizens held captive in the Soviet Union is a matter of dispute, and ranges from over 300,000 up to nearly 2 million, according to various sources. On March 30, 2004, the head of the Archival Service of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, General Vasili Khristoforov gave alleged exact numbers of deported Poles. According to him, in 1940 exactly 297,280 Poles were deported, in June 1941 another 40,000. These numbers do not include POWs, prisoners, small groups, people arrested trying to cross the new borders, people who voluntarily moved into the USSR, and men drafted into the Red Army and into construction battalions or stroybats.

In August 1941, following the German attack on the USSR and the dramatic change in Soviet/Polish relations, according to a January 15, 1943, note from Beria to Stalin, 389,041 Polish citizens (including 200,828 ethnic Poles, 90,662 Jews, 31,392 Ukrainians, 27,418 Belarusians, 3,421 Russians, and 2,291 persons of other nationalities) held in special settlements and prisoner of war camps were granted 'amnesty' and allowed to enroll in Polish army units. The location of reception centres was kept secret and no travel facilities provided. Nevertheless, 119,855 Poles were evacuated to Iran with General Anders' army, which subsequently fought alongside the Allies in Iran and Italy; 36,150 were transferred to the Polish Army which fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front and 11,516 are reported to have died in 1941–1943.

The following are cases of direct executions of Poles during the 1939–1941 occupation:
 * Katyn massacre about 22,000
 * executions of prisoners after the German invasion 1941.

After World War II most Poles from Kresy were expelled into Poland, but officially 1.3 million stayed in the USSR. Some of them were motivated by the traditional Polish belief that one day they would become again lawful owners of the land they lived on. Some of them were kept forcefully in. Some simply stayed, without force or ideological reasons.

Wanda Wasilewska was an exceptional case – she became a Soviet citizen and did not return after the war.

1947–1991
The Polish minority was one of the few whose numbers decreased over time, according to official statistics. There was also the repatriation of Poles (1955–1959).

After 1989, Poles who survived in Kazakhstan started to emigrate due to national tensions, mainly to Russia and, supported by an immigration society, to Poland. The number remaining is between 50,000 and 100,000.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the following post-Soviet countries have significant Polish minorities:
 * Lithuania, around 250,000 (7% of population), see also Polish minority in Lithuania,
 * Belarus, at least 420,000 (almost 4.5% of population), see also Polish minority in Belarus,
 * Ukraine, at least 150,000, see also Polish minority in Ukraine,
 * Russia, more than 100,000, see also Polish minority in Russia,
 * Kazakhstan – between 60,000 and 100,000, see also Poles in Kazakhstan.
 * Latvia, around 50,000, see also Poles in Latvia.
 * Azerbaijan – between 1,000 and 2,000, see also Poles in Azerbaijan.
 * Polish minorities are also found in Georgia, Moldova and Uzbekistan.

Demographics
The Polish population in the Soviet Union peaked in 1959, decreased by about 20% by 1970, and then decreased extremely slowly between 1970 and 1989.

List of prominent Soviets of Polish descent

 * Vikenty Veresaev (birth name Smidovich) - writer
 * Vatsalv Vorovsky (Wacław Worowski) - revolutionary, one of the first Soviet diplomats and head of the state publishing house
 * Gleb Krzhizhanovsky - Chief of the Russian Electrification Commission, responsible for fulfillment of the GOELRO program
 * Felix Dzerzhinsky (Feliks Dzierżyński) - creator and the first chairman of the Soviet security service, Cheka, later GPU, OGPU (1917–1926)
 * Vyacheslav Menzhinsky (Wiaczesław Mienżyński or Mężyński) - chairman of the OGPU (1926–1934)
 * Mechislav Kozlovsky - communist diplomat and lawyer
 * Andrey Vyshinsky (Andrzej Wyszyński) - Soviet jurist and Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union
 * Kazimir Malevich (Kazimierz Malewicz) - painter, pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde, Suprematist movement
 * Yury Olesha - writer
 * Tomasz Dąbal - communist politician
 * Konstantin Rokossovsky (Konstanty Rokossowski) - Marshal of the Soviet Union, planner and director of Operation Bagration (liberation of Belarus, Ukraine and the eastern Poland)
 * Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (Ciołkowski) - rocket scientist (with a father of Polish descent)
 * Stanislav Kosior (Stanisław Kosior) - General Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party, deputy prime minister of the USSR, and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), one of the principal so-called architects of the Ukrainian famine of 1932 to 1933
 * Karol Świerczewski - general, commander of the Polish Second Army during the fighting for western Poland and the Battle of Berlin
 * Stanislav Poplavsky (Stanisław Popławski) - general, commander of the Polish First Army during the breakthrough of the Pommernstellung (Pomerania Wall) fortification line, securing the Baltic Sea coast, crossing the Odra and Elbe rivers and the battle of Berlin
 * Sigizmund Levanevsky (Zygmunt Lewoniewski) - aircraft pilot, explorer of the Arctic
 * Andrey Vyshinsky (Andriej or Andrzej Wyszyński) - Prosecutor General of the USSR (1934–1939), the legal mastermind of Joseph Stalin's Great Purge
 * Arseny Tarkovsky (Tarkowski) - poet and translator (with a father of Polish descent)
 * Andrei Tarkovsky (Tarkowski) - film-maker, writer, film editor, film theorist, theatre and opera director (with a paternal grandfather of Polish descent)
 * Dmitri Shostakovich (Szostakowicz) - composer (with a paternal grandfather of Polish descent)
 * Rostislav Plyatt - actor (of mixed Polish-Ukrainian descent)
 * Mstislav Rostropovich - cellist and conductor (ethnic Russian, with some Polish descent)
 * Rolan Bykov - actor (Polish-Jewish descent)
 * Edvard Radzinsky - playwright, TV personality
 * Edita Piekha (Edyta Piecha) - singer, born in France, moved to USSR
 * Anatoly Sobchak - mayor of Saint Petersburg (mixed Russian-Ukrainian-Polish-Czech descent)
 * Sergey Yastrzhembsky (Jastrzębski) - Russian politician, President Vladimir Putin’s chief spokesperson on the Second Chechen War, head of the Kremlin’s Information Policy Department, co-ordinating Putin administration's external communications.
 * Konstantin Petrzhak - physicist

title: Poles in the Soviet Union


text:
Talk:Zoning

Criticism
This article needs a criticism section. I'll get right on it. - Phattonez (talk) 20:57, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It's good to see the section.  However, it's plagued by weasel words and unattributed opinions.  I've tagged three of these with the  template for attention.  yoyo (talk) 02:37, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Alphabetical Order for Country-specific Sections
Hello everyone, I propose that we introduce country-specific zoning practices in alphabetical order. Currently, the order suggests a hierarchy in importance, when in reality, there is no hierarchy. Does anyone have any other suggestions for organization of zoning by country? Kmcconnel (talk) 23:40, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Countries that use zoning are now listed in alphabetical order, followed by countries that don't use zoning. That is why the United Kingdom is placed after the United States.Tdb36 (talk) 10:42, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Types of Zoning from Zoning in the US
The Zoning in the US page has a fairly large section on types of zoning. I'm thinking of integrating any material from that page that would be new into this page, and deleting it from that page. That would allow the US page to have more of a narrative flow and prevent information on zoning types from being scattered. Any thoughts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by JMMaok (talk • contribs) 02:30, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Added revised Types section. If anyone is interested in my process behind revising it, I'll keep my User page up for a while: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:JMMaok/Zoning JMMaok (talk) 18:32, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Zoning


text:
The Player (1992 film)

The Player is a 1992 American satirical black comedy mystery film directed by Robert Altman and written by Michael Tolkin, based on his own 1988 novel of the same name. The film stars Tim Robbins, Greta Scacchi, Fred Ward, Whoopi Goldberg, Peter Gallagher, Brion James and Cynthia Stevenson, and is the story of a Hollywood film studio executive who kills an aspiring screenwriter he believes is sending him death threats.

The Player has many film references and Hollywood in-jokes, with 65 celebrities making cameo appearances in the film. Altman once stated that the film "is a very mild satire," offending no one. The film received three nominations at the 65th Academy Awards: Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Editing. The film also won two Golden Globes, Best Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical and Best Actor – Comedy or Musical for Robbins.

Plot
Griffin Mill is a Hollywood studio executive dating story editor Bonnie Sherow. He hears story pitches from screenwriters and decides which have the potential to be made into films, green-lighting only twelve out of 50,000 submissions every year. His job is threatened when up-and-coming exec Larry Levy begins working at the studio. Mill has also been receiving death threat postcards, assumed to be from a screenwriter whose pitch he rejected.

Mill surmises that the disgruntled writer is David Kahane, and Kahane's girlfriend June Gudmundsdottir tells him that Kahane is at the Rialto Theater in Pasadena, at a screening of The Bicycle Thief. Mill pretends to recognize Kahane in the lobby and offers him a scriptwriting deal, hoping this will stop the threats. The two go to a nearby bar where Kahane gets intoxicated and rebuffs Mill's offer, calling him a liar and continuing to goad him about his job security at the studio. In the bar's parking lot, the two men fight. Mill goes too far and drowns Kahane in a shallow pool of water while screaming, "Keep it to yourself!" Mill then stages the crime to make it look like a botched robbery.

The next day, after Mill is late for and distracted at a meeting, studio security chief Walter Stuckel confronts him about the murder and says that the police know that he was the last one to see Kahane alive. At the end of their conversation Mill receives a fax from his stalker. Thus, Mill has killed the wrong man, and the stalker apparently knows this. Mill attends Kahane's funeral and gets into conversation with Gudmundsdottir. Detectives Avery and DeLongpre suspect Mill is guilty of murder.

Mill receives a postcard from the stalker suggesting that they meet at a hotel bar. While Mill is waiting, he is cornered by two screenwriters, Tom Oakley and Andy Sivella, who pitch Habeas Corpus, a legal drama featuring no major stars and with a depressing ending. Because Mill is not alone, his stalker does not appear. After leaving the bar, Mill receives a fax in his car, advising him to look under his raincoat. He discovers a live rattlesnake in a box and, terrified, bludgeons it with his umbrella.

Mill tells Gudmundsdottir that his near-death experience made him realize he has feelings for her. Apprehensive that Levy continues encroaching on his job, Mill invites the two writers to pitch Habeas Corpus to him, convincing Levy that the movie will be an Oscar contender. Mill's plan is to let Levy shepherd the film through production and have it flop. Mill will step in at the last moment, suggesting some changes to salvage the film's box office, letting him reclaim his position at the studio. Having persuaded Sherow to leave for New York on studio business, Mill takes Gudmundsdottir to a Hollywood awards banquet and their relationship blossoms.

After Sherow confronts Mill about his relationship with Gudmundsdottir, Mill coldly severs their relationship in front of two writers. Mill takes Gudmundsdottir to an isolated Desert Hot Springs resort and spa. In the middle of Mill and Gudmundsdottir making love, Mill confesses his role in Kahane's murder, and Gudmundsdottir responds by saying she loves him. Mill's attorney informs him that studio head Joel Levison has been fired, and that the Pasadena police want Mill to participate in a lineup. An eyewitness has come forward, but she fails to identify Mill.

One year later, studio power players are watching the end of Habeas Corpus with a new, tacked-on, upbeat ending and famous actors in the lead roles. Mill's plan to save the movie has worked and he is head of the studio. Gudmundsdottir is now Mill's wife and pregnant with his child. Sherow objects to the film's new ending and is fired by Levy. Mill rebuffs her when she appeals her termination to him. Mill receives a pitch over the phone from Levy and a man who reveals himself as the postcard writer. The man pitches an idea about a studio executive who kills a writer and gets away with murder. Impressed, Mill gives the writer a deal, if he can guarantee an ending in which the executive lives happily with the writer's widow. The writer's title for the film is The Player.

Production
Writer-producer Michael Tolkin initially had no intention of allowing his 1988 novel, The Player, to be adapted into a film, having written it to distance himself from his career in the movie industry. However, when producer David Brown acquired the film rights, he urged Tolkin to adapt it himself. Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, as they sought financing and refined the script, Tolkin ventured into directing with The Rapture (1991) and enlisted that film's producer, Nick Wechsler, to join The Player's production team. The producers encountered difficulties in selling the film, as studio executives doubted the appeal of a narrative centered on the inner workings of Hollywood filmmaking. Cary Brokaw, the CEO of Avenue Pictures, rejected the script twice, in 1989 and 1990. However, in 1991, after witnessing Altman's work on the British film Vincent & Theo (1990), Brokaw approached Altman, who eagerly embraced the project.

Principal photography for the film commenced in mid-June 1991 in Los Angeles, California, with an eight-week schedule. Before production, meticulous planning went into crafting the film's opening scene, an eight-minute unbroken tracking shot. Models were utilized to map out the shot, and the studio lot location was resurfaced to ensure smooth movement for the dolly and crane. The day before filming, the actors and crew rehearsed the scene. Altman filmed ten takes. Notably, Altman instructed actor Fred Ward, portraying a studio security chief, to incorporate references to other films renowned for their tracking shots into his dialogue to add irony to the scene.

Altman also successfully persuaded a plethora of A-list actors to make cameo appearances in the film based on his esteemed reputation in the industry. These stars agreed to participate without reviewing the script and contributed their union-scale salaries for one day of filming to the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital, a retirement community for industry professionals. Despite the large ensemble, the film was completed within a budget ranging from approximately $8 to $10 million. Funding for the project came from Avenue Pictures' "internal funds" and the pre-sale of foreign rights to Spelling International. Furthermore, principal actors agreed to defer their wages. Chevy Chase was interested in playing the role of Griffin Mill, but Warner Bros. didn't want Chase to star in the film.

Despite the difficulties of funding, the film's distribution rights were highly sought-after by nearly every major Hollywood studio. Eventually, Fine Line Features, a division of New Line Cinema, secured the rights with a guarantee of $5.1 million. President of Fine Line Features, Ira Deutchman, stated that the film would be promoted as a comedy to attract audiences who might not typically be interested in a movie about Hollywood. Release dates were strategically planned to coincide with the 64th Academy Awards in March 1992, aiming to capitalize on the ceremony's publicity and generate word-of-mouth buzz. Preview screenings were positive. The filmmakers hoped audiences would be drawn to the film's story rather than its celebrity cameos; therefore, Altman insisted on not featuring the actors' names in advertisements.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 65 reviews, with an average rating of 8.70/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Bitingly cynical without succumbing to bitterness, The Player is one of the all-time great Hollywood satires — and an ensemble-driven highlight of the Altman oeuvre." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 86 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

Roger Ebert gave the film a full four stars out of four and called it "a smart movie, and a funny one. It is also absolutely of its time. After the savings and loan scandals, after Michael Milken, after junk bonds and stolen pension funds, here is a movie that uses Hollywood as a metaphor for the avarice of the 1980s. It is the movie The Bonfire of the Vanities wanted to be." Gene Siskel also gave the film a perfect four-star grade and wrote, "If you knew nothing and cared nothing about the movie business, you can still appreciate The Player as a ripping good thriller, too." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "Robert Altman has not really been away. Yet his new Hollywood satire titled The Player is so entertaining, so flip and so genially irreverent that it seems to announce the return of the great gregarious film maker whose Nashville remains one of the classics of the 1970's".

Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "Mercilessly satiric yet good-natured, this enormously entertaining slam dunk represents a remarkable American come-back for eternal maverick Robert Altman." Terrence Rafferty of The New Yorker called it "a brilliant dark comedy about the death of American filmmaking," adding: "In this picture Altman is doing one of his specialties: exploring an odd American subculture—revealing its distinctive textures and explicating the peculiar principles of social intercourse which keep it functioning. But when his idiosyncratic style of anthropological realism is applied to the tight community of Hollywood 'players' it has an almost hallucinatory effect." Peter Rainer of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "Altman has made a movie that's supremely deft and pleasurable. As if to taunt his detractors, he even 'tells a story' this time, and he does a better job of it than the hacks who have been getting work when he couldn't."

The Player was Altman's comeback to making films in Hollywood. Altman was praised for the sex scene in which Robbins and Scacchi were filmed from the neck up. Scacchi later claimed that Altman had wanted a nude scene, but that it was her refusal which led to the final form. The editing of The Player by Geraldine Peroni was honored by a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing. In 2004, Tony Sloman wrote an appreciation of the film's editing: "The Player is a marvellous example of collaborative editing, Peroni matching Altman's tone with exactitude. Early on, a cut from a zoom-in to the gun in Humphrey Bogart's hand on a postcard sent to Tim Robbins is perfectly successively matched with what appears to be a black frame, in which a reveal shows that it's an open drawer in which the postcard has been placed. Another felicitous sequence is the one in the Pasadena police station, where the Robbins character is arraigned as Lyle Lovett swats a fly and Whoopi Goldberg and her associates ridicule Robbins with laughter. This is beautifully edited; well-shot, too, but the rhythm is built in the cutting."

The Player was placed on 80 critics' year-end best lists, second only to Howards End in 1992.

Legacy
In 2015, Entertainment Weekly's 25th anniversary year, it named The Player in its list of the 25 best movies since the magazine's beginnings. Rolling Stone listed The Player as one of the best movies of the 90's.

Television adaptation
In 1997, the film was adapted into a pilot that wasn't picked up. It starred Patrick Dempsey, Michael Parks, Arye Gross, Shelley Duvall, Natasha Gregson Wagner, Jennifer Grey, Seymour Cassel, and more.

title: The Player (1992 film)


text:
Tribeca

Tribeca, originally written as TriBeCa, is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan in New York City. Its name is a syllabic abbreviation of "Triangle Below Canal Street". The "triangle" (more accurately a quadrilateral) is bounded by Canal Street, West Street, Broadway, and Chambers Street. By the 2010s, a common marketing tactic was to extend Tribeca's southern boundary to either Vesey or Murray Streets to increase the appeal of property listings.

The neighborhood began as farmland, then was a residential neighborhood in the early 19th century, before becoming a mercantile area centered on produce, dry goods, and textiles, and then transitioning to artists and then actors, models, entrepreneurs, and other celebrities. The neighborhood is home to the Tribeca Festival, which was created in response to the September 11 attacks, to reinvigorate the neighborhood and downtown after the destruction caused by the terrorist attacks.

Tribeca is part of Manhattan Community District 1, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10007 and 10013. It is patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

Name
Tribeca is one of a number of neighborhoods in New York City whose names are syllabic abbreviations or acronyms, including SoHo (South of Houston Street), NoHo (North of Houston Street), Nolita (North of Little Italy), NoMad (North of Madison Square), DUMBO (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass), and BoCoCa, the last of which is actually a collection of neighborhoods (Boerum Hill, Cobble Hill, Brooklyn and Carroll Gardens).

The name "Tribeca" was coined in the early 1970s and originally applied to the narrower area bounded by Broadway and Canal, Lispenard, and Church Streets, which appears to be a triangle on city planning maps. Residents of this area formed the TriBeCa Artists' Co-op in filing legal documents connected to a 1973 zoning dispute. An April 1976 article in The New York Times described that residents had used such names as "Lo Cal" and "So So" for the neighborhood, and that the City Planning Commission had established the name and that it covered "Canal Street on the north, Barclay Street on the south, West Street, and Broadway on the east". According to a local historian, the name had been misconstrued by the newspaper reporter as applying to a much larger area, which is how it came to be the name of the current neighborhood.

Early history
The area now known as Tribeca was farmed by Dutch settlers to New Amsterdam, prominently Roeleff Jansen (who obtained the land patent, called Dominie's Brouwery, from Wouter van Twiller in 1636) and his wife Anneke Jans who later married Everardus Bogardus. The land stayed with the family until 1670 when the deed was signed over to Col. Francis Lovelace. In 1674 the Dutch took possession of the area until the English reclaimed the land a year later. In 1674, representing the Duke of York, Governor Andros took possession of the land.

Tribeca was later part of the large tract of land given to Trinity Church by Queen Anne in 1705. In 1807, the church built St. John's Chapel on Varick Street and then laid out St. John's Park, bounded by Laight Street, Varick Street, Ericsson Place, and Hudson Street. The church also built Hudson Square, a development of brick houses that surrounded the park, which would become the model for Gramercy Park. The area was among the first residential neighborhoods developed in New York City beyond the city's colonial boundaries, and remained primarily residential until the 1840s.

Several streets in the area are named after Anthony Lispenard Bleecker and the Lispenard family. Beach Street was created in the late 18th century and was the first street on or adjacent to the farm of Anthony Lispenard Bleecker, which was just south of what is now Canal Street; the name of the street is a corruption of the name of Paul Bache, a son-in-law of Anthony Lispenard. Lispenard Street in Tribeca is named for the Lispenard family, and Bleecker Street in NoHo was named for Anthony Lispenard Bleecker.

Commercial and industrial development
During the 1840s and then continuing after the American Civil War, shipping in New York City – which then consisted only of Manhattan – shifted in large part from the East River and the area around South Street to the Hudson River, where the longer piers could more easily handle the larger ships which were then coming into use. In addition, the dredging of the sand bars which lay across the entrance to New York Harbor from the Atlantic Ocean made it easier for ships to navigate to the piers on the Hudson, rather than use the "back door" via the East River to the piers there. Later, the Hudson River piers also received freight via railroad cars ferried across the river from New Jersey.

The increased shipping encouraged the expansion of the Washington Market – a wholesale produce market that opened in 1813 as "Bear Market" – from the original market buildings to buildings throughout its neighborhood, taking over houses and warehouses to use for the storage of produce, including butter, cheese, and eggs. In the mid-19th century, the neighborhood was the center of the dry goods and textile industries in the city, and St. John's Park was turned into a freight depot. Later, the area also featured fireworks outlets, pets stores, radios – which were clustered in a district that was displaced by the building of the World Trade Center – sporting goods, shoes, and church supplies. By the mid-19th century, the area transformed into a commercial center, with large numbers of store and loft buildings constructed along Broadway in the 1850s and 1860s.

Development in the area was further spurred by New York City Subway construction, namely the extension of the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (today's ), which opened for service in 1918, and the accompanying extension of Seventh Avenue and the widening of Varick Street during subway construction in 1914, both of resulted in better access to the area for vehicles and for subway riders. The area was also served by the IRT Ninth Avenue Line, an elevated train line on Greenwich Street demolished in 1940.

After the construction of the Holland Tunnel from 1920 to 1927 and the transition of freight shipping from ships and railroads to trucks, the truck traffic generated by the market and other businesses caused considerable congestion in the area. This provoked the building between 1929 and 1951 of the Miller Highway, an elevated roadway that came to be called the West Side Highway, the purpose of which was to handle through automobile traffic, which thus did not have to deal with the truck congestion at street level. Because of a policy of "deferred maintenance", the elevated structure began to fall apart in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and the highway was shut down in 1973. The roadway project planned to replace it, called Westway, was fought by neighborhood activists, and was eventually killed by environmental concerns. Instead, West Street was rebuilt to handle through traffic.

Redevelopment
By the 1960s, Tribeca's industrial base had all but vanished, and the produce market moved to Hunts Point in the Bronx in the 1960s. The city put an urban renewal plan into effect, which involved the demolition of many old buildings, with the intent of building high-rise residential towers, office buildings, and schools. Some of these were constructed, including Independence Plaza in 1975 on Washington Street, the Borough of Manhattan Community College in 1980, and Washington Market Park in 1981. Some warehouse buildings were converted to residential use, and lofts began to be utilized by artists, who lived and worked in their spaces, a model which had been pioneered in nearby SoHo. In the early 1970s, a couple of years after artists in SoHo were able to legalize their live/work situation, artist and resident organizations in the area to the south, then known as Washington Market or the Lower West Side, sought to gain similar zoning status for their neighborhood. One of the neighborhood groups called themselves the "Triangle Below Canal Block Association", and, as activists had done in SoHo, shortened the group's name to the Tribeca Block Association. The Tribeca name came to be applied to the area south of Canal Street, between Broadway and West Street, extending south to – as variously defined – Chambers, Vesey, or Murray Street.

In 1996, the Tribeca Open Artist Studio Tour was founded as a non-profit, artist-run organization with the mission to empower the working artists of Tribeca while providing an educational opportunity for the public. For 15 years, the annual free walking tour through artist studios in Tribeca has allowed people to get a unique glimpse into the lives of Tribeca's best creative talent. Tribeca suffered both physically and financially after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, but government grants and incentives helped the area rebound fairly quickly. The Tribeca Film Festival was established to help contribute to the long-term recovery of lower Manhattan after 9/11. The festival also celebrates New York City as a major filmmaking center. The mission of the film festival is "to enable the international film community and the general public to experience the power of film by redefining the film festival experience." Tribeca is a popular filming location for movies and television shows.

By the early 21st century, Tribeca became one of Manhattan's most fashionable and desirable neighborhoods, well known for its celebrity residents. Its streets teem with art galleries, boutique shops, restaurants, and bars. In 2006, Forbes magazine ranked its 10013 zip code as New York City's most expensive (however, the adjacent, low-income neighborhood of Chinatown, also uses the 10013 zip code). Tribeca was the safest neighborhood in New York City, according to NYPD and CompStat statistics. In the 2010s, several skyscrapers were completed, including 30 Park Place (containing the Four Seasons Hotel New York Downtown), 56 Leonard Street, and 111 Murray Street.

Demographics
For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Tribeca as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called SoHo-TriBeCa-Civic Center-Little Italy. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of SoHo-TriBeCa-Civic Center-Little Italy was 42,742, a change of 5,985 (14%) from the 36,757 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 581.62 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 73.5 PD/acre. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 66.1% (28,250) White, 2.2% (934) African American, 0.1% (30) Native American, 22.2% (9,478) Asian, 0% (11) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (171) from other races, and 2.6% (1,098) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% (2,770) of the population.

The entirety of Community District 1, which comprises Tribeca and other Lower Manhattan neighborhoods, had 63,383 inhabitants as of NYC Health's Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are young to middle-aged adults: half (50%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 14% are between 0–17, and 18% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 11% and 7%, respectively.

the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 was $144,878. In 2018, an estimated 9% of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, Tribeca and Lower Manhattan are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Places
Tribeca is dominated by former industrial buildings that have been converted into residential buildings and lofts, similar to those of the neighboring SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the neighborhood was a center of the textile/cotton trade.

Notable buildings in the neighborhoods include the historic neo-Renaissance Textile Building, designed by Henry J. Hardenbergh and built in 1901, and the Powell Building, a designated Landmark on Hudson Street, which was designed by Carrère and Hastings and built in 1892. Other notable buildings include the New York Telephone Company building at 140 West Street, between Vesey and Barclay, with its Mayan-inspired Art Deco motif, and the former New York Mercantile Exchange at 6 Harrison Street.

During the late 1960s and 1970s, abandoned and inexpensive Tribeca lofts became hot-spot residences for young artists and their families because of the seclusion of lower Manhattan and the vast living space. Jim Stratton, a Tribeca resident since this period, wrote the 1977 nonfiction book entitled Pioneering in the Urban Wilderness, detailing his experiences renovating lower Manhattan warehouses into residences.

 * 32 Avenue of the Americas, an Art Deco building, is the former site of the AT&T Long Lines division.
 * 388 Greenwich Street, an office building near the northwestern corner of Tribeca, is the headquarters of the corporate and investment banking arm of financial services corporation Citigroup.
 * Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) is part of the City University of New York. The college campus is located between Chambers Street and N. Moore Street, spanning four blocks. BMCC's Fiterman Hall, severely damaged in the September 11, 2001, attacks, was demolished and has been rebuilt.
 * Holland Tunnel connecting New York to New Jersey has its entrances and exits in the northwest corner of Tribeca, centered around St. John's Park.
 * Hook & Ladder Company No. 8, a still-in-use firehouse at North Moore Street, was the site of the filming of the Ghostbusters movies. Memorabilia from the movies is displayed inside. Another film, Hitch, with Will Smith, also filmed a short but notable scene at the firehouse.
 * Hudson River Park, a waterside park on the Hudson River, it extends from 59th Street south to Battery Park. It runs through the Manhattan neighborhoods of Lower Manhattan, Battery Park City, TriBeCa, Greenwich Village, Gansevoort Market (The Meatpacking District), Chelsea, Midtown West, Hudson Yards, and Hell's Kitchen (Clinton). It is a joint New York State and New York City collaboration and is a 550 acre park, the biggest in Manhattan after Central Park. The park arose as part of the West Side Highway replacement project in the wake of the abandoned Westway plan.
 * Kitchen, Montross & Wilcox Store, a landmarked building in Tribeca, was built in 1861.
 * Metropolitan College of New York, a private, independent educational institution, is located on Canal Street.
 * New York Academy of Art, a private, graduate art school that focuses on technical training and critical discourse.
 * New York Law School, a private, independent law school, was founded in 1891, and has been located in several buildings in Tribeca since 1962, principally along Worth Street between Church Street and West Broadway.
 * Nutopian Embassy, Located at 1 White Street (at the corner of White Street and West Broadway), this townhouse was the embassy location of John Lennon and Yoko Ono's conceptual country of Nutopia. It was built sometime between 1805 and 1825 and has been used as both a townhouse residence as well as a cafe space. The building in its entirety is now being used as a restaurant.
 * Stuyvesant High School, one of the nine specialized high schools in New York City, is located at 345 Chambers Street in nearby Battery Park City. The Tribeca Bridge was built to assure the safety of the students who need to get across West Street to get to the building.
 * Verizon Building, a landmarked building in Tribeca, was built between 1923 and 1927. It was converted into condominiums in 2016.
 * Washington Market Park, bounded by Greenwich, Chambers, and West Streets, is a 1.61 acre park that is popular with children for its large playground. The park also has community gardens and hosts community events.

Historic districts

Four New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission-designated four historic districts within Tribeca in 1991 and 1992, as well as an extension of one in 2002:
 * Tribeca West – designated 1991-5-7
 * Tribeca East – designated 1992-12-2
 * Tribeca North – designated 1992-12-8
 * Tribeca South – designated 1992-12-8
 * Tribeca South Extension – designated 2002-11-19

Police and crime
Tribeca and Lower Manhattan are patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the NYPD, located at 16 Ericsson Place. The 1st Precinct ranked 63rd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. Though the number of crimes is low compared to other NYPD precincts, the residential population is also much lower. with a non-fatal assault rate of 24 per 100,000 people, Tribeca and Lower Manhattan's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 152 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 1st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 86.3% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 23 rapes, 80 robberies, 61 felony assaults, 85 burglaries, 1,085 grand larcenies, and 21 grand larcenies auto in 2018.

Fire safety

Tribeca is served by two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations. Engine Company 7/Ladder Company 1/Battalion 1 is located at 100 Duane Street while Ladder Company 8, which appears in the Ghostbusters films, is located at 14 North Moore Street.

Health
preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan than in other places citywide. In Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, there were 77 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 2.2 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate is based on a small sample size. Tribeca and Lower Manhattan have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan is 0.0096 mg/m3, more than the city average. Sixteen percent of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan residents are smokers, which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, 4% of residents are obese, 3% are diabetic, and 15% have high blood pressure, the lowest rates in the city—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 5% of children are obese, the lowest rate in the city, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Ninety-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 88% of residents described their health as "good," "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, there are 6 bodegas.

The nearest major hospital is NewYork-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital in the Civic Center area.

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Tribeca is located within two primary ZIP Codes. Most of the neighborhood is covered by 10013, but the southernmost blocks are located in 10007, and the Jacob K. Javits Federal Building is located in 10278. The United States Postal Service operates two post offices near Tribeca: the Federal Plaza Station at 26 Federal Plaza and the Canal Street Station at 350 Canal Street.

Education
Tribeca and Lower Manhattan generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city The vast majority of residents age 25 and older (84%) have a college education or higher, while 4% have less than a high school education and 12% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.

Tribeca and Lower Manhattan's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, 6% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 96% of high school students in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.

Schools
The New York City Department of Education operates the following public schools nearby:

 * PS 150 (grades PK-5)
 * PS 234 Independence School (grades K-5)

Libraries
The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches nearby. The New Amsterdam branch is located at 9 Murray Street near Broadway. It was established on the ground floor of an office building in 1989. The Battery Park City branch is located at 175 North End Avenue near Murray Street. Completed in 2010, the two-story branch is NYPL's first LEED-certified branch.

Notable people

 * Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright
 * Laurie Anderson (born 1947), avant-garde artist, composer, musician, and film director
 * Arman (1928–2005), artist
 * Karole Armitage (born 1954), dancer and choreographer
 * Robert Ashley (1930–2014), composer
 * Bill Barrett (born 1934), sculptor, painter, and jeweler
 * Paul Bettany (born 1971), actor
 * Kate Betts (born 1964), fashion journalist
 * Beyoncé (born 1981), singer, songwriter, record producer, and dancer
 * Jessica Biel (born 1982), actress
 * Robert Bingham (1966–1999), writer
 * Ross Bleckner (born 1949), artist
 * Eric Bogosian (born 1953), actor, playwright, monologuist, novelist, and historian
 * Edward Burns (born 1968), actor and filmmaker
 * Mariah Carey (born 1969), singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress
 * Jennifer Connelly (born 1970), actress
 * Daniel Craig (born 1968), actor
 * Billy Crystal (born 1948), actor, comedian, and filmmaker
 * Kid Cudi (born 1984), rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and fashion designer
 * Robert De Niro (born 1943), actor
 * Carroll Dunham (born 1949), painter
 * Lena Dunham (born 1986), writer, director, actress, and producer
 * Elvis Duran (born 1964), radio personality
 * Kyle Eastwood (born 1968), jazz bassist and film composer
 * The Edge (born 1961), musician, singer, and songwriter
 * Fredrik Eklund (born 1977), real estate broker, former IT entrepreneur, reality TV star, and author
 * Mark Epstein (born 1953), author and psychotherapist
 * Marisol Escobar (1930–2016), sculptor
 * Kat Foster (born 1978), actress
 * Bethenny Frankel (born 1970), businesswoman, TV personality, entrepreneur, and author
 * Marián Gáborík (born 1982), former professional ice hockey player
 * Dave Gahan (born 1962), singer and songwriter
 * James Gandolfini (1961–2013), actor
 * Sarah Michelle Gellar (born 1977), actress
 * Heather Graham (born 1970), actress
 * Red Grooms (born 1937), multimedia artist
 * Don Gummer (born 1946), sculptor
 * Savannah Guthrie (born 1971), broadcast journalist and attorney
 * Richard Handler (born 1961), businessman
 * Mariska Hargitay (born 1964), actress, director, producer, and philanthropist
 * Josh Hartnett (born 1978), actor and producer
 * James Havard (1937–2020), painter and sculptor
 * Peter Hermann (born 1967), actor, producer, and writer
 * Grace Hightower (born 1955), philanthropist, socialite, actress, and singer
 * Bob Holman (born 1948), poet and poetry activist
 * Paz de la Huerta (born 1984), actress and model
 * Chanel Iman (born 1990), model
 * Michael Imperioli (born 1966), actor, writer, and musician
 * Jay-Z (born 1969), rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur
 * Richard Jefferson (born 1980), former professional basketball player and sports analyst
 * Derek Jeter (born 1974), former professional baseball player, businessman, and baseball executive
 * Mimi Johnson, arts administrator
 * Harvey Keitel (born 1939), actor
 * Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (1966–1999), publicist and wife of John F. Kennedy Jr.
 * John F. Kennedy Jr. (1960–1999), attorney, journalist, and magazine publisher
 * Daniel Kessler (born 1974), musician
 * Karolina Kurkova (born 1984), model and actress
 * Ronnie Landfield (born 1947), abstract painter
 * Jodi Long (born 1954), actress
 * Adrian Lyne (1941), director, writer, and producer
 * Neal Marshad (born 1952), producer, director, cinematographer, advertising executive, internet strategist, and designer
 * Chris Martin (born 1977), singer-songwriter and musician
 * Danny Masterson (born 1976), actor
 * Mike McCready (born 1968), music entrepreneur
 * Shane McMahon (born 1970), businessman and professional wrestler
 * Debra Messing (born 1968), actress
 * Taylor Momsen (born 1993), singer, songwriter, model, and former actress
 * Toni Morrison (1931–2019), novelist
 * Sean Murray (born 1977), actor
 * Casey Neistat (born 1981), YouTube personality, filmmaker, and vlogger
 * Petra Němcová (born 1979), model, TV host, and philanthropist
 * Gwyneth Paltrow (born 1972), actress and businesswoman
 * Richard Parsons (born 1948), business executive
 * Jean Passanante (born 1953), TV screenwriter
 * Mizuo Peck (born 1977), actress
 * Mike Piazza (born 1968), former professional baseball player
 * Amy Poehler (born 1971), comedian, actress, writer, producer, and director
 * Jane Pratt (born 1962), magazine editor and publisher
 * Rammellzee (1960–2010), visual artist, gothic futurist "graffiti writer", painter, performance artist, art theoretician, sculptor, and hip hop musician
 * Norman Reedus (born 1969), actor
 * Lou Reed (1942–2013), musician, songwriter, and poet
 * Roger Rees (1944–2015), actor and director
 * Steve Reich (born 1936), composer
 * Brad Richards (born 1980), former professional ice hockey player
 * Kelly Ripa (born 1970), actress and talk show host
 * David O. Russell (born 1958), filmmaker
 * Juan Samuel (born 1960), former professional baseball player
 * Richard Serra (born 1938), artist
 * John Shaw (1948–2019), painter and printmaker
 * Jake Shears (born 1978), singer and songwriter
 * Arlene Shechet (born 1951), artist
 * Duncan Sheik (born 1969), singer-songwriter and composer
 * M. Night Shyamalan (born 1970), filmmaker and actor
 * Laurie Simmons (born 1949), artist, photographer, and filmmaker
 * Gary Sinise (born 1955), actor, humanitarian, and musician
 * Shane Smith (born 1969), journalist and media executive
 * Laurie Spiegel (born 1945), composer
 * George Steel, musician
 * Alexis Stewart (born 1965), TV host and radio personality
 * Jon Stewart (born 1962), comedian, political commentator, actor, director, and TV host
 * Michael Stipe (born 1960), singer-songwriter and artist
 * Dominique Strauss-Kahn (born 1949), economist and politician
 * Meryl Streep (born 1949), actress
 * Taylor Swift (born 1989), singer-songwriter
 * Bob Telson (born 1949), composer, songwriter, and pianist
 * Uma Thurman (born 1970), actress and former model
 * Justin Timberlake (born 1981), singer, songwriter, and actor
 * Christy Turlington (born 1969), model and humanitarian
 * Richard Tuttle (born 1941), postminimalist artist
 * Neil deGrasse Tyson (born 1958), astrophysicist, author, and science communicator
 * Mo Vaughn (born 1967), former professional baseball player
 * Cecilia Vicuña (born 1948), poet and artist
 * Lauren Weisberger (born 1977), novelist and author
 * Jack Whitten (1939–2018), painter and sculptor
 * Kate Winslet (born 1975), actress
 * Dean Winters (born 1964), actor
 * Warner Wolf (born 1937), TV and radio sports broadcaster
 * Christopher Woodrow (born 1977), entrepreneur, financier, and movie producer
 * La Monte Young (born 1935), composer, musician, and performance artist

Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal had high profiles in the district's revival when they co-produced the dramatic television anthology series TriBeCa in 1993 and co-founded the annual Tribeca Film Festival in 2002. De Niro also claimed ownership of all domain names incorporating the text "Tribeca" for domain names with any content related to film festivals. In particular, he had a dispute with the owner of the website tribeca.net.

In popular culture
Although Wizards of Waverly Place includes a fictional "Tribeca Prep", exterior shots were filmed at P.S. 40 on East 20th Street, between First Avenue and Second Avenue in midtown Gramercy Park. In addition, a fictional "Tribeca High School" appears in the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Granting Immunity." Local radio station WHTZ's studio is located here. In the third book of the Witches of East End series, Winds of Salem, the Oracle, an almighty god from Asgard, lives in Tribeca.

The Subaru Tribeca, which went into production in 2005, and was discontinued being sold in the United States in 2012, was an automobile named after the neighborhood.

title: Tribeca


text:
Clarkston

Clarkston may refer to:

United States

 * Clarkston, Georgia
 * Clarkston, Michigan
 * Clarkston, Utah
 * Clarkston, Washington
 * Clarkston, Gallatin County, Montana

Scotland

 * Clarkston, East Renfrewshire
 * Clarkston, North Lanarkshire, an area of Airdrie

title: Clarkston


text:
Talk:Band of Brothers (miniseries)

Relevance of opinions on video formats
In the Home Video Releases section, it says, "though many video enthusiasts contend that the HD DVD version features superior visual quality due to the presence of digital noise reduction on the Blu-ray release."

Is this really relevant to the topic? 67.59.61.153 (talk) 16:26, 2 June 2015 (UTC)
 * No. I've removed it.Niteshift36 (talk) 18:06, 2 June 2015 (UTC)

Liebgott
The article says that "Another inaccuracy is the portrayal of Joseph Liebgott as Jewish, when in actuality he was Roman Catholic," citing Marcus Brotherton's A Company of Heroes. However, in Winters' memoir, page 175, he says "Liebgott was Jewish and had an understandable hatred of Germans." Is he remembering it wrong? Brotherton's book is cited again on Liebgott's own page saying he was Catholic and attended Catholic school. Later in the same article, Ambrose's book is cited, quoting David Kenyon Webster who says Liebgott was Jewish. 174.89.29.173 (talk) 15:28, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Worse still, he must be Canadian or British as the article describes him as being a "practising" roman catholic...
 * Not at all - "practising" is the verb in British-English, even if the noun is "practice." Nick Cooper (talk) 20:39, 13 April 2020 (UTC)
 * He may have been ethnically Jewish but a Catholic by faith. Wittgenstein was baptised a Catholic. Popper was baptised a Lutheran.Jjc2002 (talk) 22:46, 29 June 2022 (UTC)Jjc2002

7th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Infantry Division of XV Corps of the U.S. Seventh Army of the Sixth Army Group
Is there any particular reason why the 7th Infantry Regiment should be identified in such minute detail, when 506 PIR is only identified as assigned to 101st Airborne Division? 3rd Infantry Division, (with or without a 'US' tag for clarity) would surely be sufficient. JF42 (talk) 08:40, 17 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Good question. I trimmed all but the "7/3" part.-- Georgia Army Vet  Contribs  Talk  12:37, 17 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed. That was unnecessary. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  22:41, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

Stars
Is there a reliable source for the stars of the mini-series? IMDb doesn't count and the page on HBO, last I checked, doesn't have the information.-- Georgia Army Vet Contribs Talk 00:55, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
 * The show itself is considered the source. Those actors listed in the main opening credits are the stars. --- The Old Jacobite The '45 02:40, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I'll have to look at the (ten) openings.-- Georgia Army Vet Contribs Talk 13:38, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
 * You're welcome. And I would argue that only those who are consistently named in all the opening credits should be listed in the infobox and lede. --- The Old Jacobite The '45 13:48, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Would you go with the order in which they're listed?-- Georgia Army Vet Contribs Talk 18:53, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Let me rewatch the opening and then I'll get back to you. Thanks! --- The Old Jacobite The '45 00:47, 5 May 2018 (UTC)

"Holocaust Denial"
In the description for Episode 9, we find the passage

"The sight of the victims leaves the soldiers horrified and disgusted. The German locals deny knowing anything about the camp."

I believe that the use of the link to Holocaust denial is improper; based on the description given, it sounds like the it is German civilians denying knowledge of the Holocaust, not the Holocaust itself (which is obviously different—we don't classify young children as "Holocaust deniers"). While it's generally agreed that they were lying (or, well, would be lying if they weren't fictional characters, since this is a TV show), it's not the same as Holocaust denial based on the four points given in the article—it's really closer to the Clean Wehrmacht myth, but concerns civilians rather than the Wehrmacht.

However, I have not seen Band of Brothers, and honestly don't have time to watch it (I don't even know if I have access?), so I don't know whether the sentence needs to be rewritten to accurately reflect what happens in the show, or if the link itself is improper and needs to be removed.

title: Talk:Band of Brothers (miniseries)


text:
Talk:List of newspapers in the United Kingdom

Layout
Why have the Sunday papers been tagged onto the end of the daily papers? They are separate newspapers with separate editorial staff even if the ownership is the same. Mintguy 15:45, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Scottish newspapers deserve the same treatment as national newspapers. I don't mind that The Times, and The Sunday Times are listed together (I'd prefer if they weren't). But Sunday versions of Scottish newspapers should be listed in the same way (whatever that is), not just noted casually at the end. Dduck 14:29, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

The United Kingdom is a country with four nations. It is not right to put Scotland down as a region and Scottish Newspapers as "regional". Some of the English papers do exist north of the Border but are little read in comparison with Scottish papers, others have their own Scottish edition (both Broadsheets and tabloids) I will try and edit accordingly. Refdoc 14:02, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Dduck - I am not sure what you mean. I have put the Sunday papers together with the daily papers for the simple reason to avoid an endless scroll. This is the same for Scotland and England. But edit to your heart's content! As long as you do not put the Scottish papers back to the regions... (Unlikely I would think!) Refdoc 14:55, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * It's looks fine the way it is now Dduck 17:25, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I have moved the Western Mail and Y Cymro into a new Wales section, as they are not regional but national Welsh papers. I have also added Y Byd as a planned newspaper, as they're trying to get that off the ground in Aberystwyth.  aliceinlampyland 15:25, 8 May 2006 (UTC).

Political Leaning
Why is the Telegraph noted to be a conservative paper while the Guardian has no such similar label associated with the left? --Mitamarine (talk) 07:24, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Something to do with the impartial balance always displayed in the Grauniad MurphiaMan (talk) 08:27, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

The Guardian might have been less left wing - liberal in 2007 (but not really), but it is clearly left wing and liberal now and should be designated fo. There is zero balance in the paper. It actually ought to be moved into the tabloid column. Scottca075 (talk) 15:25, 19 February 2019 (UTC) scottca075

Why is the Sunday Times considered Right Wing while the Guardian and The Independent "centre-left"? The latter two are farther from centre than the Times is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.138.62.120 (talk) 05:19, 22 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Changed Telegraph to very conservative (far more conservative than the Times, comparable more to the Daily Mail), Times I've shifted to centre-right as usually about 2/3rds of each edition's fairly objective and then it goes into right-wing editorialising mode for the rest, Indy I dislike reading (it treats you like a child and makes judgements for you - like the Telegraph does) so I don't feel as though I should muck around with it, Guardian I've changed to left wing (though I'm unsure it's appropriate as it's not much more to the left than the Times is to the right) - will this do? DunKhan (talk) 15:06, 13 December 2008 (UTC) 15:06, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

I'm confused why the Daily Mail is listed as 'centre-right to right': this makes it more centrist than either the Telegraph or the Evening Standard. Whilst these papers are openly Tory, the Mail's attitudes on issues like benefits, gender issues and immigration – not to mention the paper's history – place it very firmly right. For the sake of being bold, I'm going to change it but obviously if anyone can come up with a salient reason why this isn't appropriate feel free to roll it back. 5.66.100.49 (talk) 19:58, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Have changed the Daily Mail and the Sun to Right-wing, both papers have strong anti immigration and anti LGBT stances and support nationalism. Both papers publish articles which fuel discrimination and hate speech, such as the 'Enemies of the People' article by the Daily Mail (suggesting the judges of the UK High Court who disagreed with them were enemies of people living in the UK) and '1 in 5 Brit Muslims sympathy for Jihadis' from the Sun (making false claims about survey results to encourage hostility towards British Muslims). These papers have been moving increasingly to the right over the last few years and should be categorised Right-wing rather than Centre-right. Also historical support for Oswald Mosley and Adolf Hitler and their parties has been evident in the Daily Mail. Sylar78 (talk) 22:01, 21 January 2017 (UTC)

With the current scapegoating of immigrants currently being pushed by the Daily Mail and the Sun as well their strong nationalistic views displayed by their constant support for the Government's push for hard Brexit despite the economic implications for the country in which both paper's owners pay no tax with absolutely no criticism of any view point or negotiating strategy they should both be considered right to far right. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.10.158.131 (talk) 00:34, 22 January 2017 (UTC)

 * It shouldn't be Wikipedia editors who decide how far right or left papers are. (We're all biased because we all have our own opinions.) We need to find reliable, unbiased secondary sources for such assessements. --  Dr Greg   talk  01:20, 22 January 2017 (UTC)

 * https://fullfact.org/law/daily-mail-headine-comparison-to-nazis/
 * http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/ipso-sun-british-muslims-story-headline-significantly-misleading-a6953771.html
 * Sylar78 (talk) 12:42, 22 January 2017 (UTC)

 * I think we can agree that based on the evidence provided, the Daily Mail and the Sun are both right-wing, possibly even far-right 92.27.23.176 (talk) 11:28, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

 * The first source you mention on 'Full Fact' actually seems to reject the comparison between the 1933 German newspaper headline and that of the Daily Mail. While your second source certainly gives evidence to support that The Sun has produced Islamophobic material, this does not essentially make it right-wing. Racism, Islamophobia, xenophobia and similar such beliefs do not automatically point to a specific position on the political spectrum (although they are generally much more associated with the right). I would say this source is better as it specifically claims a political position -

 * http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lego-ends-advertising-daily-mail-stop-funding-hate-campaign-a7413361.html

 * I shall continue to look for more reliable and unbiased evidence for the political position of both the Daily Mail and The Sun and post what I find. Helper201 (talk) 15:39, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Here is a reference for The Sun as right-wing.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/19/rightwing-tabloids-pour-scorn-appearance-child-refugees

Helper201 (talk) 21:03, 17 February 2017 (UTC)

I changed the political leaning of The Guardian to left wing, as later confirmed by this YouGov poll (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2017/03/07/how-left-or-right-wing-are-uks-newspapers/), however, it was changed back to centre-left because "check there Wikipedia page" - firstly, as I understand it, Wikipedia pages cannot be used as sources, secondly, the newspaper has clearly shown to be far-left, particularly on social issues), during the previous 3-4 years. John arneVN (talk) 05:05, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

Organisation alert: By Ceremonial County?
The list will quickly get unmanageable, when we add, say Newsquest's 300 titles. Which we will. Could I suggest: --Tagishsimon
 * By ceremonial county for town & village papers
 * By city for proper cities - though to be honest, I'd be happy to subsume them into counties, too, along the style in Twin towns
 * Umm, and another look at the Regional Newspapers. What are the criteria for inclusion here. Why, for instance, is the Yorkshire Post not in the list. Why are the Liverpool Daily post, & Belfast Telegraph in the list?
 * This looks like a good idea to me. And I think it would be best to subsume the cities into the counties - why should tiny cities such as Wells or Ripon be made more prominent than far larger towns such as Reading or Northampton?  And the regional newspapers certainly could do with reconsidering. Matthew 22:06, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Yes, Minister
The following is more suited to page about UK newspapers, rather than alist of them:

The BBC situation comedy Yes Minister contained this classic comment about British national newspapers of the era:

 * Humphrey: The only way to understand the press is to remember that they pander to their readers' prejudices.

 * Hacker: Don't tell me about the press; I know exactly who reads the papers.
 * The Daily Mirror is read by people who think they run the country.
 * The Guardian is read by people who think they ought to run the country.
 * The Times is read by the people who actually do run the country.
 * The Daily Mail is read by the wives of the people who run the country.
 * The Financial Times is read by people who own the country.
 * The Morning Star is read by people who think the country ought to be run by another country.
 * And The Daily Telegraph is read by people who think that it is.

 * Humphrey: Oh, and Prime Minister, what about people who read The Sun?

 * Bernard: Sun readers don't care who runs the country as long as she's got big tits.

ownership changes
The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph should be listed as owned by the Barclay brothers. (The Scotsman papers should have said that already.)

Broadsheet / Tabloid
The Times, The Independent and The Scotsman have been moved out of the broadsheet catergory. I don't know about The Scotsman, but The Times is still (AFAIK) produced in both tabloid and broadsheet format. The Independent use the term compact rather than tabloid. What should be done about this?

 * I suggest starting a 'Compact' category. Unless anyone objects --Taras 02:25, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Seems a reasonable idea, but we may need to add a fourth category! I heard about a month that the Guardian is planning to move to a smaller-than-a-broadsheet, larger-than-a-tabloid format. -- Arwel 12:17, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

"For the time being, this list continues to use Broadsheet to mean Serious, and Tabloid to mean less serious; arguably these are points of view with which some readers may disagree."

At the moment they seem to be divided on 'shrank since 2000' and 'shrank before 2000', if the listings of the Mail and Express are anything to go by. Whatever we do, we should do something with the headings accordingly. -- Smjg 10:09, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Descrining the Times as being available in 'Tabloid' format is incorrect as 'Tabloid' refers to the type and quality of paper, not its size. The correct term is 'Compact', which I'll think you'll find is used by both the Quality papers which use smaller sizes. Grunners 14:25, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Looking on OneLook, nearly all definitions are referring to paper size. Some also mention sensationalist style or something to that effect, but it seems the real definition is size.  The 'correct' name for the tabloid-sized serious papers seems a matter of debate, but my point is that the Mail and Express don't, in either my mind or theirs, deserve being listed with the Sun, Star and Mirror rather than with the Independent and Times.
 * For that matter, does 'Quality' with a capital 'Q' have any defined meaning?
 * Maybe we should make the categories "whitetop" and "redtop". That leaves two somewhat different bluetops (Mirror and Metro).... -- Smjg 11:52, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Here's an idea: Any objections? -- Smjg 14:35, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Add a "middle-market" heading for the Mail, Express and possibly Metro, as thinking about it, it seems arbitrary to list these in either of the existing categories.
 * Come up with a better word for the 'serious' papers than the highly subjective "quality".

Where should The Morning Star be listed? I'm not sure I've ever seen it on sale, and I certainly haven't in recent times, and so haven't had a chance to take a look. But I did notice "but it is entirely free of the celebrity gossip and other trivia that feature in all the other national dailies to varying degrees". -- Smjg 16:05, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I'm going to move The Morning Star to specialist, despite its size its not really a tabloid and its limited distribution and readership makes it fit better in that category. --Ebz 16:22, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Sunday editions
"Sunday broadsheet newspapers have tended to keep the broadsheet format due to considerations of size, as to maintain the same content in a tabloid paper would be excessivly [sic] unruley [sic]."

Would whoever added this care to clarify what you mean?

And was I imagining it, or were the Times and Independent once listed here in what were the right categories last time I knew (Sunday ones broadsheet, otherwise compact)?

-- Smjg 14:16, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

For that matter, the only things we have to go by are the Times and Independent, which only shrank in the last two years. Moreover, the Sunday Express managed to switch to tabloid format, and I recall hearing it was since the Daily Express did. So can really draw any conclusions? Even if it isn't feasible at the moment, maybe the Sunday Times and Independent on Sunday will manage to adapt their formats such that it will be feasible? -- Smjg 14:44, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The other day I read somewhere that the plan of the Sunday Times is to remain broadsheet. I haven't seen anything about what the Independent on Sunday plans to do.... -- Smjg 16:05, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Now that the Independent on Sunday is a compact, the only example of this statement is the Sunday Times. So does it make much sense to leave the statement in at all? -- Smjg 10:58, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I am sure the Sunday Express switched to tabloid a few years after the Daily Express, but I can't find any information for it. That the Daily Express switched in 1977 is documented here at BBC News, but it doesn't mention the Sunday. My Dad took them both, and I clearly remember the Sunday Express being broadsheet for quite a long while after the daily (I was born in 1972). SimonTrew (talk) 14:17, 19 September 2009 (UTC)

Disputed
The dates of establishment are inconsistent with those in History of British newspapers. Who is right? -- Smjg 18:02, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * It would have been more helpful if you had stated which newspaper's dates you thought were inconsistent, rather than leaving it to each reader to compare the two articles. My reading is that the discrepancies are in the foundation dates of the Mail on Sunday, Sunday Express, and Independent on Sunday. I remember the Mail on Sunday being founded, so it was certainly not established in 1896 -- the 1982 date sounds plausible. I think the Independent on Sunday was founded the same time that the Independent was, but I won't swear to it. -- Arwel 20:13, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The Independent on Sunday was founded in 1990, four years after the daily paper. Loganberry 23:08, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Yet another inconsistency:

-- Smjg 11:57, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * "Daily Mail was a broadsheet until 1971"
 * "The Mail was the first tabloid newspaper in Britain" under Daily Mail
 * "The Sun was launched in 1964 as a tabloid replacement for the Daily Herald" under The Sun.

I've fixed the dates as far as I've managed to make out. And removed "Daily Mail was a broadsheet until 1971" pending resolution of the inconsistency - it would be nice to have this information though. -- Smjg 14:44, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Regional v local?
Is it really possible to make a hard and fast distinction between "regional" and "local" newspapers? For example, The Birmingham Post is readily available in newsagents 25 miles and more from the city, yet has been classed as local. Conversely, the Liverpool Echo is listed as regional. Both papers are city-based, and I think both the Echo and the Manchester Evening News would fit better into the "local" category. Loganberry 23:01, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, the M.E.N. is freely available (for a price) here in Crewe, and we're 30 miles from Manchester. I've seen the Liverpool Echo on sale in Rhyl... -- Arwel 00:49, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I could say that I've seen the Echo at Euston station, but that would be cheating. =;) But I doubt any local paper of any importance is entirely confined to its "named" town or city, so in that sense they're all regionals. But I used to live in Liverpool, and at least at that time (early-mid 1990s) it definitely felt like a city paper first and foremost, in the sense that the Daily Post with its wider circlation area isn't. Loganberry 13:01, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The Birmingham Post is stocked daily by the Co-Op supermarket in Long Buckby, some 50+ miles from Birmingham! It's tough to draw a line between regional and local - as an example, the Northampton Chronicle & Echo focuses on Northampton and the western half of Northamptonshire.  Local, or regional?  I should say local, as Northamptonshire is a county, not a region (eg South West or East Anglia).  By this measure, only newspapers such as The Yorkshire Post would truly count as regional. Thoughts? Matthew 21:54, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

And what about Evening Standard? For that matter, why is it the only 'local' one that has "(tabloid)" next to it? -- Smjg 17:51, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This Regional/Local division doesn't work; is local 10 miles or 20 or 30 or what? Better just to list the papers, then people can click through to more about them if they want to know more - assuming there is an entry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.9.38.254 (talk) 19:04, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Regional/Local is a complete non-starter as in the industry the terms are used interchangeably - and of course, circulation areas are not set in stone and do change. The industry standard of organising papers is done on frequency of publication, so there should instead be a single 'Regional & Local Newspapers' section, split into dailies and weeklies.

London Gazette
This really should be mentioned somewhere as it is the official newspaper of the UK, and the longest running. However I have no idea where to put it, any suggestions? I know it is not strictly a newspaper in the conventional sense, but it has as much right to be in the list as, for example, Ariel. Rje 23:15, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I added it under specialist newspapers, as that seemed the most appropriate place. I'd never heard of it before I read Rje's comment above. - PaulHammond 15:34, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * Personally I wouldn't count it as a newspaper - it's two volumes, telephone-directory sized (as it needs to be to contain all the winning Premium Bond numbers!). -- Arwel 16:17, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Is it useful to ensure it is not confuse with the British Gazette? I am tempted to add a link on that article. SimonTrew (talk) 14:22, 19 September 2009 (UTC)

Middle-market?
What is the criteria for this? It seems rather arbitary. -- Joolz 22:34, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Basically those that don't fit neatly into either of the other two categories, and can be considered as somewhere between the two. -- Smjg 13:46, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Is that because of the typeface used in the title. Generally, the style and content of certainly two of the papers in the category (mail/express) is very much tabloid in style. What defines something as tabloid, other than dimensions. --waxapple 16:52, 13 Dec 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.195.238.102 (talk)

Why has the 'Middle Market' category been removed? To group all of these papers as 'Tabloid' looks more driven by bias than common quality - say what you like about the Mail and Express, their style and content is between the quality and tabloid papers (for example the Telegraph and the Sun). Compare the amount of text on the front pages of all concerned. LeapUK (talk) 06:11, 26 April 2018 (UTC)

Bit of a mess?
This article is a bit messy at the moment, I suggest we have: that way it keeps it much tidier... -- Joolz 13:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * National Papers
 * Scotland
 * Scottish National papers
 * Scottish Regional
 * Scottish Local
 * Wales
 * Welsh regional etc
 * England
 * etc...

 * The way National vs. Scottish is handled at the moment is a bit ambiguous. It states that some of the 'national' papers have Scottish editions.  Do England, Wales and Northern Ireland share the same editions then?  As such, should they be listed as 'National' for being three out of four, or under each?  And of the 'national' papers that don't have Scottish editions, which have one edition throughout the UK and which aren't sold in Scotland at all? -- Smjg 13:54, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Infact, not only that, The Guardian has a northern England edition, if i recall correctly. -- Joolz 15:11, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * All of the newspapers have different print sites. Hence The Telegraph is different here in Manchester (Trafford Park Printers) than the West Ferry version in London. Indeed, the Guardian is called 'The Guardian (North)' - however the differences are so slim that listing every single variation of a newspaper here is the wrong place to do so. Perhaps details of the Guardian North and Telegraph variation should be printed on The Guardian page? In addition, some areas of the country get the early 1st edition, some the 2nd edition and some the final 3rd edition. In Bury (Lancs) I get the 2nd edition of the Times and FT, but the final edition of the Telegraph and Guardian. --Mrclarke 07:31, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

'1.1 Serious papers '
Can we not come up with a more appropriate name? I know we can't really call them 'broadsheet' anymore, but to call them serious implies that the others arent. Whatever our beliefs about the other papers, they are serious. Robdurbar 14:04, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Isle of Man
I've removed this bit as the IoM is not in the United Kingdom. For the record the three listed papers were:

Isle of Man

 * Isle of Man Courier
 * Isle of Man Examiner
 * Manx Independent

--Robdurbar 22:12, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Local newspapers
The incomplete list of local newspapers is substantially too large in scope for this article. Pretty much every locality in the UK has a local paper, and I would suspect that the list is nowhere near complete, yet is already too large. I haven't just been bold and deleted them in case there is some project or precedent that I am not aware of but I am sorely tempted to remove the list, perhaps retaining only the most notable/those with wikipedia articles. MLA 10:13, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
 * As this is a list page, my view is that it is not yet too long. if & when it is, the better thing to do, I think, would be to seperate it into a series of pages. But certainly not remove it. As it is, we have only scratched the surface of the number of papers in the UK. --Tagishsimon (talk)

 * Yes, we should definitely move the Yorkshire papers (and any following lists of regional papers) into a series of separate articles; this single county is already dominating the page and would almost lead one to believe that Yorkshire was a constituent country on a par with Scotland.Polocrunch 13:47, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
 * This section on Yorkshire newspapers seemed just to be a verbatim wikification of the source website. Is it needed at all, rather than just a hyperlink to the external site with all this information on? Matthew 14:04, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

lists and encyclopedias
Since when do encyclopedia articles amount to lists ? This article need replacing with an article about the British press. Johncmullen1960 16:09, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Lists can be encyclopedic, wikipedia has a section on them at WP:LIST. This isn't a great example as the information could be captured in a category so it's not especially value adding.  MLA 08:56, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Removed - History of British Newspapers website
I have removed the History of British Newspapers website because of a Page not found notice. Kathleen.wright5 01:16, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

National and Scottish newsapers
In the listing it gives "national papers" then "Scottish papers", however, if my memory is correct. The English daily newspapers, which are normally published in London and Manchester, do not normally circulate in Scotland. While editions produced for Scotland are published in Glasgow and Edinburgh as separate publications, even if they have the same ownership as those English titled publications. In some cases there may be additional printing plants used, for example Inverness, but that would be the same publication as produced in Glasgow. Looking at the local list for Worcestershire, there are about ten weekly papers, including the oldest continuously published weekly newspaper, since 1690, also the daily "Worcester News". I'll come back to the topic another day when I've put more details together. 81.174.167.128 21:55, 7 November 2007 (UTC)Brian

 * See List of newspapers in Scotland - The Scottish editions of the nationals are AFAIK basically the same as published in England, but with the word Scotland on the front page and the odd Scottish related article replacing England related ones. Jooler 00:10, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Please check if the newspapers have articles or they do not. I am German and haven´t dared to do that but there are surely mistakes. e.g.: The Daily Mirror on this side in contrast to Daily mirror on the special side. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.146.24.66 (talk) 21:11, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Regression
Two users have taken the 'liberty' to undo improvements that were made a while back: Why?
 * Middle-market papers have been re-merged into "Tabloids".
 * "Serious", later "'Serious'", has been changed back to the highly POV "Quality".

Maybe the latter term could be better phrased as "Papers focused on serious journalism". What do you people think? -- Smjg (talk) 12:00, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

General Tidy-up
I think this page could be improved by creating a general index page for Newspapers in The United Kingdom, then having link entries that take the reader to several pages, e.g:

England - National Morning Papers

England - provincial daily papers, morning and evening

England - Weekly paper by county

Scotland - National Morning Papers

Scotland - daily papers, morning and evening

Scotland - Weekly paper by county

Wales - National Morning Papers

Wales - daily papers, morning and evening

Wales - Weekly paper by county

Northern Ireland - National Morning Papers

Northern Ireland - daily papers, morning and evening

Northern Ireland - Weekly paper by county

Then a note, to the effect that Isle of Man and the Channel Islands are not part of the United Kingdom, but include links to pages that have their newspapers:

Isle of Man newspapers

Guernsey Newspapers

Jersey Newspapers

There are many newspapers in England that are not listed.

Brian —Preceding unsigned comment added by Brian426uk (talk • contribs) 18:56, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

Metro being "National"
The Metro is listed as "working towards national status, wide availability in the major cities makes it the UK's 4th highest circulation paper." How can it be included in the "National" section if it is only working towards national status?

Until it is available throughout the UK, as with the other "National" papers, it should only be described as Regional.--86.132.232.235 (talk) 12:14, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Surely a "national" paper means one that is available across the "nation" - which Metro is. It just happens to be an urban national paper, so you can't get it in the countryside. But where I live there are no shops so you can't actually get any papers locally - so if availability is the arbiter, there are no "national" papers, which would be a nonsense —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.9.38.254 (talk) 19:01, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

first paragraph
As well as being verbose, the tone is lofty and POVish. The initial "Traditionally" has that tone and reflects the subjective nature of the comments. The assertions may not be based on research either. What's more important about the British press is its age, extent and national nature. There's also excessive emphasis on sheet-size, which is no longer an indicator of the type of content. Such old-man stuff might appear on a separate page about sheet-size. What matters are things like readership, circulation, distribution, content, law, regulation and the press's relationship with broadcasting and the web. Under Wales we have "Newspapers focused on serious journalism" which is highly POV. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.189.103.145 (talk) 10:34, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Financial Times
I suggest stating that Viscount Cowdray and the Pearson family have a stake in the Pearson group, publisher of the Financial Times, and citing The Sunday Times Rich List. Alekksandr (talk) 21:50, 17 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Now done. Alekksandr (talk) 16:24, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

Mail on Sunday editor
I think I'm right in saying the editor of The Mail on Sunday is Ted Verity, not Geordie Greig, who is editor of only the Daily Mail. The table lists Greig as the editor of both for some reason. Andysmith248 (talk) 15:03, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

The New European
I have added The New European to broadsheets but should it be under specialist?--Darrelljon (talk) 21:21, 17 April 2020 (UTC)

Life News UK and Eastern Eye
Within the table of tabloids: The first was a red link, the second was improperly formatted in.

I have removed both, partly because I suspect they were added by people connected to them without fulfilling the distribution criteria. Quite apart from anything, I am not sure either of them reach Wikipedia's notability standard.

If I'm wrong, please do revert the edit. 2A00:23C7:6C88:B101:4585:5F0D:3113:D574 (talk) 16:39, 29 July 2020 (UTC)

The Observer
The Observer has both its old format (Berliner) and its current one (Compact) listed, as opposed to all the other papers which show only their current format - this seems a bit inconsistent. I would change this myself, but can't figure out how to do it without mucking up the table. MFlet1 (talk) 20:21, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Centrist vs unaligned magazines
I've edited Private Eye's entry to read 'None' instead of centre, which seems more accurate to me as it'd be just as critical of centrist as any left or right leaning news. (I'm not sure 'none' is best, perhaps 'unaligned' which I only thought of now is better, or something else.) I'm also sceptical of the same currently written for The Week and The Economist. The former's page says it 'presents a broad spectrum of political viewpoints' which is not the same as centrism. The latter is described in its info box as economically and socially liberal, and radical centrism; perhaps aligning with that, either to focus on the economic context or specify radical centrism would be best? OJFord (talk) 13:00, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

Circulation figures
The gaps in the circulation figures are misleading. A much better job is done in the List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation article but this is not obvious to the casual reader.

I'd suggest that either the circulation column is deleted altogether, or the most recent circulation figure is included. A note could be added for those that are not current referring to the above-mentioned article. If nobody objects, I'll make this change. Chris55 (talk) 18:10, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

 * change column to "circulation (year)" to make more obvious to the casual reader. .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 12:48, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

The Globe Echo
"The Globe Echo is an independent English newspaper based in London, United Kingdom, established in mid-2021". Is this a "newspaper"? .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 12:54, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

Plymouth Chronicle
Hello, I'm in the process of trying to get the Plymouth Chronicle article reviewed and approved Draft:Plymouth Chronicle, I have added it to the lists but any help to get this approved would be greatly appreciated LouisCSV (talk) 08:28, 20 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
Sunnyside

Sunnyside and Sunny Side may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Sunnyside (1919 film), written, directed and starring Charlie Chaplin
 * Sunnyside (1979 film), starring Joey Travolta
 * Sunnyside (American TV series), a sitcom that premiered in September 2019
 * Sunnyside (Canadian TV series), a sketch comedy TV series
 * Sunnyside (novel), a 2009 novel by Glen David Gold
 * Sunnyside Records, a New York City jazz record label
 * The Sunny Side, a collection of short stories and essays by A. A. Milne

Australia

 * Sunnyside, Kangaroo Point, a heritage-listed house in Brisbane, Queensland
 * Sunnyside, North Adelaide, a heritage-listed home designed by owner-architect F. Kenneth Milne in 1936
 * Sunnyside, Queensland, a rural locality
 * Sunnyside, South Australia, a hamlet and semi-rural locality
 * Sunnyside, Tasmania, a rural locality
 * Sunnyside, Western Australia, a rural locality

Canada

 * Sunnyside, Calgary, Alberta, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside, Surrey, British Columbia, a neighborhood of South Surrey
 * Sunnyside, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, a town
 * Sunnyside, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a lakefront district
 * Sunnyside Amusement Park (1922-1955) a popular lakeside attraction, including
 * Sunnyside Bathing Pavilion

New Zealand

 * Sunnyside Hospital, a mental hospital in Christchurch

United Kingdom

 * Sunnyside (Hitchin), Hertfordshire, England, a residential area of the market town of Hitchin
 * Sunnyside (Luss), a listed building in Scotland

United States

 * Sunnyside, Arizona, a populated place
 * Sunnyside Plantation, a cotton plantation in Arkansas, United States
 * Sunnyside, Fresno County, California, a census-designated place
 * Sunnyside, Placer County, California, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, San Francisco, California, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside, Denver, Colorado, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside, Florida, an unincorporated community
 * Sunny Side, Georgia, a city
 * Sunnyside, Georgia, a census-designated place
 * Sunnyside (East Chicago), Illinois, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside, Illinois, a former village now part of Johnsburg, Illinois
 * Sunnyside, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Sunny Side, Maryland, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside (Aquasco, Maryland), a home on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
 * Sunnyside Township, Wilkin County, Minnesota
 * Sunnyside, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, Nevada, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, New Jersey
 * Sunnyside, Queens, New York, a neighborhood of New York City
 * Sunnyside (Richfield Springs, New York), a home listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside, Staten Island, New York, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)
 * Sunnyside (Wendell, North Carolina), a home listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside, Clackamas County, Oregon, a census-designated place
 * Sunnyside, Portland, Oregon, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside, Umatilla County, Oregon, a community
 * Sunnyside (Edisto Island, South Carolina), a plantation house listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside (Greenwood, South Carolina), a home listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside Township, Pennington County, South Dakota
 * Sunnyside (Nashville, Tennessee), a mansion listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside, Castro County, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, Houston, Texas, a neighborhood
 * Sunnyside, Menard County, Texas, a ghost town
 * Sunny Side, Waller County, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, Utah, a former city, merged with the neighboring city of East Carbon
 * Sunny Side, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside (Charlottesville, Virginia), a home listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside (Clarksville, Virginia), a plantation house listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside (Heathsville, Virginia), a plantation house listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside (Lexington, Virginia), a home listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside (Newsoms, Virginia), a plantation house and complex listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside (Washington, Virginia), a farm complex and national historic district listed on the NRHP
 * Sunnyside, Washington, a city
 * Sunnyside, Fayette County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, Tyler County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Sunnyside, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Elsewhere

 * Sunnyside, Pretoria, South Africa, a suburb of Pretoria

Stations

 * Coatbridge Sunnyside railway station, in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland
 * Sunnyside railway station, New South Wales, Australia
 * Sunnyside station (Calgary), in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 * Sunnyside station (Toronto), in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * Sunnyside station (New York City), a proposed station in Queens, New York, United States
 * Sunnyside Yard, an Amtrak-owned coach yard in Queens, New York, United States

Other uses

 * Sunnyside High School (disambiguation)

title: Sunnyside