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Valencia, Santa Clarita, California

Valencia is a neighborhood in Santa Clarita located within Los Angeles County, California. It is one of the four unincorporated communities (along with Saugus, Newhall, and Canyon Country) that merged to create the city of Santa Clarita in 1987. It is situated in the western part of Santa Clarita, stretching from Lyons Avenue to the south (on the border with Newhall) to north of Copper Hill Drive, and from Interstate 5 east to Bouquet Canyon and Seco Canyon Roads. Valencia was founded as a master-planned community with the first development, Old Orchard I, built on Lyons Avenue behind Old Orchard Elementary School.

History
In 1769, the Spanish Portola expedition, the first Europeans to see inland areas of California, came up and over the pass from the San Fernando Valley and camped near the river on August 8–9. They found a large native village there and witnessed a wedding celebration. Fray Juan Crespi, a Franciscan missionary travelling with the expedition, named the river "Santa Clara" and noted in his diary that the place would be a good location for a mission. On the return trip, however, the party found a less strenuous trail through the Conejo Valley. Later travelers also preferred that route, and Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established down in the valley.

The master-planned portion of Valencia was first planned in the 1960s by the Newhall Land and Farming Company. The first subdivision to be constructed in Valencia was Old Orchard I, which opened in 1967, occupying an area bounded by Lyons Avenue, Orchard Village Road, and the South Fork of the Santa Clara River. The next subdivisions to open were Old Orchard II and Valencia Hills. Development continues to the present day and is nearing completion. Valencia is notable for its landscaped boulevards connecting a mix of apartment buildings, single-family detached homes, shopping centers, office parks and industrial warehouses.

On November 30, 2013, Paul Walker, best known for playing Brian O'Conner in the Fast & Furious films, died in a car crash in Hercules Street, Valencia. Following Walker's death, Hercules Street became a known attraction for people to engage in car drifting.

Community
Valencia is located along Interstate 5; all incorporated portions of Valencia are east of the freeway, while unincorporated portions are west of the freeway. Tesoro del Valle, the northernmost subdivision of Valencia, is outside the city limits although it is east of Interstate 5 and within the city's sphere of influence.

Valencia's residential areas are separated into villages, each with its own lifestyle (see List of Valencia, California residential villages). Almost all of Valencia's villages are close to schools, shopping, and other amenities. In many of the villages, homeowner associations oversee the quality and upkeep of housing developments ranging in size from a few dozen homes to over a thousand. Many villages also have a neighborhood watch program in force.

The major north–south thoroughfare in Valencia is McBean Parkway, which runs from Copper Hill Drive in the north to Stevenson Ranch in the southwest where it becomes Stevenson Ranch Parkway. McBean Parkway passes by such landmarks as Chesebrough, Heritage, and Summit Parks, Bridgeport Lake; Hyatt Regency Valencia; Westfield Valencia Town Center; Santa Clarita Valley Medical Plaza; Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital; and the California Institute of the Arts. Major east-west thoroughfares in Valencia (from north to south) include Copper Hill Drive, Decoro Drive, Newhall Ranch Road, Rye Canyon Road, Magic Mountain Parkway, Valencia Boulevard, McBean Parkway (which runs east–west from Orchard Village Road to I-5), Wiley Canyon Road, and Lyons Avenue.

Valencia contains most of the city's government buildings, hotels, car dealerships, medical centers, and corporate headquarters (see Economy section below). Eleven of the city's twelve tallest buildings are in Valencia; the two tallest are 24305 Town Center Drive (headquarters of Princess Cruises) and the Hyatt Regency Valencia, both of which are 22 m tall. The Santa Clarita city hall is located in Valencia, at 23920 Valencia Boulevard.

Valencia also has a system of paved pathways over or under the streets and boulevards, which are called paseos. They connect the entire community, making it possible to travel throughout nearly all of Valencia on foot or by bicycle without crossing a street at grade level. The paseo network is connected to the Santa Clara River Trail which runs east along the Santa Clara River to Canyon Country.

Valencia is split between two ZIP codes: the northern and eastern portions are in 91354, and the southern and western portions are in 91355.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, the population of Valencia was 63,670. 54.2% of residents were non-Hispanic white, 21.1% were Hispanic, 19.2% were Asian American, 4.8% were African American, and 2.3% were Native American.

Education
At the elementary school level, northern Valencia is served by the Saugus Union School District, southern Valencia is served by the Newhall School District, and a small portion of western Valencia is served by the Castaic Union School District. The boundary between the Saugus and Newhall School Districts follows Valencia Boulevard (from The Old Road to Magic Mountain Parkway) and Magic Mountain Parkway (from Valencia Boulevard to Bouquet Canyon Road/Railroad Avenue).

Junior high and high school students in Valencia attend schools in the William S. Hart Union High School District. Valencia includes Rio Norte and Arroyo Seco Junior High Schools, and Valencia High School. Hart, Saugus, West Ranch, and Castaic High Schools; Placerita and Rancho Pico Junior High Schools; and Castaic Middle School also serve parts of Valencia. Castaic Middle School is part of the Castaic Union School District, not the Hart District.

Valencia is home to College of the Canyons, a community college, and California Institute of the Arts, an arts university.

Attractions
Six Flags Magic Mountain is located in unincorporated Valencia. It includes 20 roller coasters, the most of any amusement park in the world.

The Westfield Valencia Town Center shopping mall, owned by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, is the primary commercial center of Valencia. It occupies an area bounded by Valencia Boulevard to the south, McBean Parkway to the west, Magic Mountain Parkway to the north, and Citrus Street to the east. It includes over 1000000 sqft of retail space and contains 134 stores and 46 restaurants.

Valencia is home to an ice rink known as The Cube — Ice and Entertainment Center (formerly Ice Station Valencia). It is used for ice skating and hockey. In 2020, Ice Station Valencia was on the brink of permanent closure due to COVID-19, until the Santa Clarita city council unanimously voted to acquire the building for $14.2 million. On February 23, 2021, the city council sold Ice Station to American Sports Entertainment Company and the Los Angeles Kings. The city is currently in the process of renovating The Cube to include two large ice rinks (one NHL-size rink and one Olympic-sized rink) and one small ice rink known as The Pond. The rinks, covered with insulated floors, would double as venues for conventions, business meetings, concerts, birthday parties, and filming. The Cube opened on April 12, 2021, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. The Cube is located on Smyth Drive, across the street from Valencia High School.

Economy
Companies based in Valencia include Princess Cruises, Honda Performance Development, Precision Dynamics Corporation, condomman.com, Newhall Land and Farming Company, U.S. HealthWorks, and the American division of Advanced Bionics. Sunkist, Mechanix Wear, Remo, and WayForward are headquartered in unincorporated Valencia.

Notable people

 * Marielle Jaffe, actress and model
 * Annett Davis, beach volleyball player
 * Jeff Draheim, film editor
 * Anthony Ervin, Olympic gold medalist swimmer
 * Taylor Lautner, actor
 * Dee Dee Myers
 * Naya Rivera (1987–2020), actress
 * Michael Trevino, actor
 * Shane Vereen, professional football player
 * Tamara Witmer, model
 * Paul Walker (1973–2013), actor

title: Valencia, Santa Clarita, California


text:
Blast Corps

Blast Corps is an action game developed by Rare and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. In the game, the player uses vehicles to destroy buildings in the path of a runaway nuclear missile carrier. In the game's 57 levels, the player solves puzzles by transferring between vehicles to move objects and bridge gaps. It was released in March 1997 in Japan and North America. A wider release followed at the end of that year.

The game was Rare's first game for the Nintendo 64. Its development team ranged between four and seven members, many of whom were recent graduates. The team sought to find gameplay to fit Rare co-founder Chris Stamper's idea for a building destruction game. The puzzle game mechanics were inspired by those of Donkey Kong (1994).

Blast Corps was released to critical acclaim and received Metacritic's second highest Nintendo 64 game ratings of 1997. The game sold one million copieslower than the team's expectationsand received several editor's choice awards. Reviewers praised its originality, variety, and graphics, but some criticized its controls and repetition. Reviewers of Rare's 2015 Rare Replay retrospective compilation noted Blast Corps as a standout title.

Gameplay

Blast Corps is a single-player action video game. The player controls vehicles to destroy buildings, farms, and other structures in the path of a runaway nuclear missile carrier. The player fails if the carrier collides with an object. The eight demolition vehicles vary in the way they clear structures: the bulldozer rams, the dump truck drifts, the lightweight buggy crashes from higher ground, the tricycle shoots missiles, another truck presses outwards from its sides, and robot mechs tumble and stomp from the land and the air. The player must transfer between vehicles and other machinery to solve puzzles. Objectives include transporting timed explosive crates and bridging gaps. The game's puzzles increase in difficulty as the player progresses through its 57 levels.

The world is portrayed from a three-quarters overhead view. The player can adjust the game's viewable perspective with zoom and horizontal panning functions. Pop-up hints will guide the player in the early stages of the game, and other characters audibly encourage the player as each level wears on. The cheery soundtrack increases in tempo as the level's timer runs low. After completing a level, the player can return to explore without a time limit. By destroying any remaining structures, finding secrets, and activating lights throughout the level, the player raises their score and final medal ranking. Activating hidden communication points in each level will unlock various secret levels, where the player completes objectives against the clock, such as completing laps on a circuit or smashing specific objects. The player can compete against a ghost copy of their previous path through a level. Completing every stage unlocks a time attack mode, in which players are awarded medals for clearing the carrier's path in the fastest time. There are no settings to change the game's difficulty, and the game saves to both the game cartridge itself and external storage.

Plot
The game's story takes place on a parallel Earth, in which mankind lives in relative peace, until an event occurs that threatens the lives of the whole planet. The national government of an unnamed country discovers that the transportation of two defective nuclear missiles has gone wrong, after they begin leaking radiation. The automated carrier transporting them becomes damaged as a result and automatically sets itself on a direct course towards the site for a controlled detonation, effectively placing it in danger where the slightest jolt from hitting buildings or falling into pits would trigger the missiles, causing a catastrophic explosion.

To prevent this, the government hires the demolition company known as Blast Corps — founded by several former military soldiers who were stationed in the base the missiles came from, until an accident involving one of their members led the others to desert their post. Using a variety of different machines to assist them, Blast Corps assigns a new recruit to help clear the carrier's path, ensuring it can get past areas safely, while at the same time seeking out a group of missing scientists needed to conduct the safe detonation of the missiles. Dealing with an array of difficult situations, Blast Corps manages to prevent catastrophe, finding the scientists and putting an end to the threat from the missiles.

After Blast Corps successfully complete their mission, the company finds themselves contracted to help clear several buildings in a city in order to create an emergency runway for a space shuttle returning to Earth. The company successfully completes the mission, later earning a contract to clear debris on the moon, before its employees take a well-earned break after establishing a reputation for being the best demolition company in the business.

Development
Blast Corps was among Rare's first games for the Nintendo 64 and led a run of seven critically acclaimed Rare titles for the console. The game's production began in early 1996. The development team consisted of four recent graduates, though it expanded at times to seven concurrent staff. Martin Wakeley became the game's lead designer. He credited the team's small size for their easy progression from planning to market. Rare founder Chris Stamper was the impetus for the project. He had wanted to make a game about destroying buildings for years prior to Blast Corps development. The team worked to fit his idea to a gameplay concept and devised a "Constantly Moving Object" conceit that would give the levels a time limit. This idea became the nuclear missile carrier.

Retro Gamer credited Wakeley for Blast Corps idiosyncratic ideas and humor in light of the game's serious premise. For instance, the Mario Kart 64 "power slide" drift mechanics inspired that of Blast Corps dump truck. Wakeley championed the drift controls against the rest of the team, who found them aggravating. The game's lead artist, Ricky Berwick, had developed the vehicle concepts without consideration for their in-game function, and the vehicles were only later retrofitted to the gameplay. One of the robot vehicles was designed without an arm because the developers had run out of computer memory to store the data and liked the look anyway. Wakeley determined the game's high score "goal medal" objectives, in which players would attempt to better a set completion time on each level. Blast Corps Japanese and American quality assurance teams later competed to push the levels to their limits, which resulted in the game's platinum level objectives. Wakeley described these platinum challenges as "just insane" and said he could only finish four himself.

Wakeley saw Blast Corps as a puzzle game at its core. He was influenced by the 1994 Donkey Kong, in which the player begins each level with all the tools they need to finish but must learn how to use them. Wakeley said this was Blast Corp core game mechanic. He was also inspired by the Super Mario 64 demo at Nintendo's annual trade show in 1995, which introduced him to the 3D analog stick and spurred him to achieve something similar. The team's technical accomplishments included character and environment models composed completely of polygons and the absence of distance fog to obscure the draw distance.

Nintendo published Blast Corps for their Nintendo 64. In its 1995 trade show preview, it was originally titled Blast Dozer, a name it retained for its Japanese release. (The team had considered other titles, including "Heavy Duty Heroes", "Blast Radius", and "Power Dozer". ) Blast Corps was first released in Japan on March 21, 1997, and in North America three days later. Its European and Australian release followed on December 22. The game had been in production for just over a year. To promote the game, a three-part comic detailing the game's story was published in Nintendo Power issues #97–99,  later released as a graphic novel by Dark Horse Comics.

Reception
The game received "universal acclaim", according to review aggregator Metacritic, and "unanimous critical success", according to Retro Gamer. Reviewers highly praised the novelty and variety of Blast Corps gameplay. Peer Schneider of IGN, in particular, lauded the game's originality. Trent Ward commented in GameSpot that the premise taps into childhood fantasies, while "the unique relationship between the terrain and the vehicles you pilot ensures that Blast Corps will exercise your mind as well as your reflexes".

Reviewers struggled to master the game's controls. GamePro's Slo Mo praised this aspect of the game, saying that even mastering the extreme precision of the steering is fun, and rewards the player with both better gameplay technique and an appreciation for the strong distinction between the game's many vehicles. Schneider likewise overcame his initial concerns to appreciate the complexity of the controls and the differences between the vehicles. He considered the locked camera view restrictive when compared to the unrestricted 3D camera in the game's contemporaries. Schneider thought the game should have been longer, with fewer bonus levels and more main missions, though he did appreciate the pacing, design, and difficulty of the included levels. Slo Mo instead asserted that "Over 60 levels and hidden areas within hidden areas give you your money's worth". A Next Generation critic agreed, asserting that the vast size of the levels and numerous secrets and bonus areas make Blast Corps "one of the few Nintendo 64 games that justifies its exorbitant price tag". Shawn Smith and Sushi-X of Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) thought the game was repetitive, as did Computer and Video Games. The latter, though, praised Blast Corps level design and difficulty progression. Ward had fewer reservations, writing that "basically what you have here is a game with great graphics, great sound, and a great premise. What's even more impressive is that the game doesn't really have any substantial flaws to speak of – unless you want to count lack of a two-player mode, which really isn't fair." Crispin Boyer of EGM wrote that the game's best feature was its "palpable sense of suspense" as the carrier advanced on resistant buildings.

Critics praised the game's graphics and sound. Schneider found the game unpretentious in comparison to video game trends of photorealistic rendering and cartoonish art. He likened the slick vehicle animations and metallic elements to Micro Machines and Rare's R.C. Pro-Am. Schneider praised the game's texture maps, which made the night scenes and houses look realistic, and the canyons breathtaking. He wrote that the game's 3D programming was errorless, and was particularly pleased about the game's lack of fog, usually used to cover developer limitations. EGM echoed Schneider's praise of the deep landscapes, which Boyer called "incredible". Scott McCall (AllGame) praised the game's realistic polygonal models and technical prowess, and Steve Polak (The Weekend Australian) wrote that Blast Corps showcased the console's graphics capabilities. Schneider described the soundtrack as between "70s pop, disaster movie score, and Country Bear Jamboree". He praised the range of engine, tire screeching, and crashing sound effects. Reviewers disliked the country music tracks with jaw harp.

IGN wrote that Blast Corps exemplified qualities of enjoyable Nintendo Entertainment System and arcade games, while EGM considered the game unlike all others. Retro Gamer wrote that the game's combination of puzzles and continuous destruction made the game so unique as to defy genre classification. The magazine described the gameplay concept of returning to explore without a time limit as "a stroke of genius". Retro Gamer thought of Blast Corps as a 3D successor to "nail-biting reaction games" such as Loco-Motion. Computer and Video Games agreed with a reader that Blast Corps was part of a "Destroy" subgenre including games like Desert Strike, Return Fire, and Body Harvest, and Matt Fox of The Video Games Guide put the game in a lineage with Highway Encounter and Lunar Jetman. Slo Mo said it was "like Pilotwings with a kamikaze twist. It's a multifaceted game that melds a slick vehicle sim and a mind-thumping action/strategy challenge with massive destructive force." Schneider said Blast Corps was on par with the quality of Shigeru Miyamoto games and an excellent display of Rare's potential. Next Generation described it as "effectively every Tonka fantasy brought vividly and explosively to life".

EGM named it a runner-up for "Most Original Game of the Year" (behind PaRappa the Rapper) at their 1997 Editors' Choice Awards.

Blast Corps sold close to a million copies. The game sold reasonably well in Japan. Metacritic ranked the title among the top ten games released in 1997. It remained Metacritic's highest ranked 1997 Nintendo 64 game after GoldenEye 007. Blast Corps was selected as Electronic Gaming Monthly May 1997 Game of the Month and an IGN Editors' Choice. Later the same year, Electronic Gaming Monthly ranked it number 93 on their 100 best console video games of all time, remarking, "C'mon, not only are you driving all the vehicles you thought were mega cool as a kid – you're using 'em to plow through buildings." Four of six Nintendo Power reviewers recommended the game.

Legacy
Wakeley, the game's designer, considered making a sequel as an action combat game, but thought the concepts behind Blast Corps had been fully exhausted. After praising the game in a 2010 Rare retrospective feature, Retro Gamer writers craved a sequel. The magazine said the title was proof of the company's inventiveness. Steve Ellis, who was a programmer at Rare, thought Blast Corps to be among the company's most underrated games, and though its physics were now dated, he continued to find the game fun enough to revisit regularly. Blast Corps is included in Rare Replay, a compilation of 30 Rare titles, released on the Xbox One on August 4, 2015. The release's bonus features included behind-the-scenes interviews with Blast Corps developers. Blast Corps was a standout favorite among Rare Replay reviewers. The game was re-released on the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack in North America and Europe on February 21, 2024, and in Japan on April 24, 2024.

Rare's Blast Corps began a run of highly praised Nintendo 64 games, including GoldenEye 007, Banjo-Kazooie, Perfect Dark, and Jet Force Gemini. Retro Gamer wrote that Rare had doubled the number of classic Nintendo 64 games and was an important alliance for Nintendo. Microsoft acquired Rare in 2002 for a record price of $377 million. After the industry had changed, Blast Corps designer Martin Wakeley reflected a decade after the game's 1997 release. In 2009, Wakeley said, a studio would rarely entrust the scope of a project like Blast Corps to a team of four recent graduates.

The staff of Nintendo Power (1997) and IGN (2014) both listed Blast Corps in the bottom halves of their top 100 Nintendo games of all time. Official Nintendo Magazine ranked the game 84th on a list of the greatest Nintendo games.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Blast Corps


text:
Lawrenceburg

Lawrenceburg is the name of several places in the United States of America:

 * Lawrenceburg, Indiana
 * Lawrenceburg, Kentucky
 * Lawrenceburg, Missouri
 * Lawrenceburg, Tennessee
 * Lawrenceburg, Pennsylvania, a village of Parker, Pennsylvania

title: Lawrenceburg


text:
Xi Shi

Xi Shi (Hsi Shih;, lit. '(Lady) Shi of the West'), also known by the nickname Xizi，was one of the renowned Four Beauties of ancient China. She was said to have lived in a small Yue village (today part of Zhuji, a county-level city in Shaoxing, Zhejiang) during the end of the Spring and Autumn period. According to legend, Xi Shi was originally a girl who regularly washed gauze in the Huan Sha river.

In traditional stories, Xi Shi was named Shi Yiguang (施夷光). She was discovered by the Yue minister Fan Li and given to King Fuchai of Wu by King Goujian of Yue in a sexpionage operation which successfully brought down the State of Wu in 473 BC. This account first appeared in Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue published five centuries after the conquest, and is completely absent in earlier works such as Guoyu, Zuo zhuan, and Records of the Grand Historian.

Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun, Diao Chan and Yang Guifei are known as the “Four Beauties in Ancient China”, among which Xi Shi is the first.

Appearance
Xi Shi's beauty is reputed to have been so extraordinary that, as she leaned over a balcony to observe fish in a pond, the fish were allegedly mesmerized to the extent that they momentarily ceased swimming and descended beneath the water's surface. This narrative serves as the origin of the first two characters of the Chinese idiom 沉魚落雁, 閉月羞花. This idiom is commonly used to compliment a woman's beauty, symbolizing that her allure is so captivating that it can cause fish to submerge, birds to descend, the moon to hide, and flowers to blush. (Literal translation: 'fish dive, goose fall; moon hide, flower shame')

Story of Xi Shi
King Goujian of Yue was once imprisoned by King Fuchai of Wu following a military defeat. As a result, the state of Yue became a tributary state to the State of Wu. In a clandestine effort to plot his revenge, King Goujian's minister Wen Zhong suggested training exceptionally beautiful women and offering them to King Fuchai as a tribute, well aware of Fuchai's weakness for beautiful women. Another minister, Fan Li, identified and procured two such women, namely Xi Shi and Zheng Dan (郑旦), After nearly three years of training and training, Xi transformed the rural girl into a learning lady, good at drawing, calligraphy and chess， and presented them to Fuchai in 490 BC.

Enchanted by the beauty of Xi Shi and Zheng Dan, King Fuchai became wholly preoccupied with their presence, diverting his attention from matters of state. Gradually, he began to overlook his political responsibilities and preferred to spend leisure time with Xi Shi. He often takes her by carriage to the hustle and bustle of the city. Among these amusement facilities, he likes to boast to those around him about winning the heart of the most beautiful woman in the world .Influenced by their counsel, he made the grievous decision to eliminate his trusted advisor, the esteemed general Wu Zixu. Furthermore, Fuchai constructed the Guanwa Palace (Palace of Beautiful Women) within an imperial park situated on the slopes of Lingyan Hill, approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) west of Suzhou. In the wake of these events, the power and influence of the Wu kingdom began to wane. In the year 473 BC, King Goujian seized the opportunity to launch a decisive offensive against Wu, resulting in the complete and utter defeat of the Wu army. King Fuchai, overwhelmed with remorse for disregarding the counsel of Wu Zixu, took his own life.

In the legend, after the fall of Wu, Fan Li (范蠡) retired from his ministerial post and lived with Xi Shi on a fishing boat, roaming like fairies in the misty wilderness of Taihu Lake, and no one saw them ever again. This is according to Yuan Kang's Yue Jueshu (越绝书)"Yue Jueshu" describes: "After the West Shi died of Wu, he returned to Fan Li, and went with Pan Wuhu." Another version, according to Mozi, is that Xi Shi later died from drowning in the river.No matter how she spent her last life, she has been remembered for her sacrifices and for embodying ideals of loyalty, courage and selflessness for more than two millennia.

Influence
The West Lake in Hangzhou is said to be the incarnation of Xi Shi, hence it is also called Xizi Lake, Xizi being another name for Xi Shi, meaning Lady Xi. In his famous poem Drinks at West Lake through Sunshine and Rain (飲湖上初睛居雨), renowned Song Dynasty poet Su Shi compared the beauty of the West Lake to that of Xi Shi.

Several Tang Dynasty poets wrote about Xi Shi and her story in their poetry, including Li Bai and Wang Wei.

Xi Shi is mentioned in the novel Journey to the West, as a sign of grace and beauty.

Xi Shi is referenced in one of the Four Masterpieces of Chinese literature, Dream of the Red Chamber, where the heroine Lin Daiyu is described as having a delicate and frail appearance akin to that of Xi Shi. Both Lin and Xi Shi evoke the image of a beautiful lady with a delicate and fragile presence.

Xi Shi appears in the martial arts fiction by Jin Yong (Louis Cha), "Sword of the Yue Maiden".

Her name also inspired the modern name of the Shih Tzu, whose Chinese name translates to "Xi Shi dog", but whose English name has been claimed to come from the word for "lion". The moniker "lion dog" in Chinese is actually reserved for the Pekingese.

Xi Shi is referenced in the idiom 情人眼里出西施, meaning "beauty is in the eye of the beholder" (literally: "in the eyes of a lover, Xi Shi appears"). The Qur'an says, "The eyes of the beholder are open, and the eyes of the beholder are open."

Since its introduction into literary works, the image of Xi Shi has continuously appeared and presented different colors in the writings of literati. From the initial "beauty of the world" to the "beauty disaster" in the Song Dynasty, and then to the "heroine" in the mid Ming Dynasty, the portrayal of her image carries the imprint of changes in the times and the interpretation of literati individuals.

He looked at me and said, "I'm sorry.In the poem, Fan Li and Xi Shi are alluded to as "wonderful man", "beautiful woman".The poet declares, "As long as we have the same interests, we will become friends."As you can see from the poem, the appearance of Xishi has become a symbol of beauty in all generations.

Hsi Shih's hometown
Xishi Old Town, located on the south side of Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, is an important part of the national key scenic spots of the Ruanjiang River.It is a national AAAA tourist area.

The scenic spots include the Wansa River Scenic Belt, the ancient Yue Cultural District, the Hall of Fame, the leisure resort, Fan Li Temple, Xishijeon Hall, Zheng Danjeong Pavilion, Guoyue Terrace, Feijianjeong Pavilion and Panshan Monument Gallery.

The scenic spot was named Xishi Legend's municipal heritage base in June 2006, and was named Zhejiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Scenic Area in 2010.

Although there has been controversy over the hometown of Xi Shi, on June 10, 2006, the first China Intangible Cultural Heritage Day, the State Council announced the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage list, and the "Legend of Xi Shi" was listed.This means that the controversy over whether Xishi's hometown is Zhuji or Xiaoshan has settled over the years.

title: Xi Shi


text:
Talk:Bose–Einstein statistics

First plot (distributions) is wrong
For bosons, $$\epsilon_i \geq \mu $$ $$\forall i$$. If $$T$$ is in Kelvin, so that $$T\geq 0$$, there cannot be a region in the plot where $$(\epsilon_i - \mu)/kT <0 $$.

Untitled
"The quantum concentration is when..." doesn't sound like good english. Anybody knows what should be written there? 67.180.29.122 02:56, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

OK, I have changed it to a construction using "the quantum concentration, for which ...". This was a very tricky edit, since the offending sentence was not in the source code to be edited. I realized that the article uses Template:Physics/ParticleDistributions which is used to place the identical text in the 3 articles on B-E, F-D and M-B distributions. So I corrected the template (and made some other English corrections as well) so that all 3 articles would be corrected simultaneously. In theory at least - in practice I also had to purge the cache for 2 of the 3 articles following instructions in WP:Purge. Not simple but now it is done. Dirac66 (talk) 04:07, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Distribution Graph
Is there any chance of putting a graph of the distribution in the same way as the one in the fermi-dirac statistics page? Grj23 14:45, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Can model it after [[File:FD_e_mu.svg]] based on $$ \bar{n}_i = \frac{1}{e^{(\epsilon_i-\mu) / k T} + 1} $$. The only difference with the B-E distribution should be the factor of $$g_i$$ and the $$-$$ in the denominator: $$n_i = \frac{g_i}{e^{(\varepsilon_i-\mu)/kT}-1}$$ TSchwenn (talk) 21:30, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

Distribution formula missing?
The distribution formula appears to be missing. --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 12:42, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

Chemical potential=0 - an extra description for BEC
I have a suggestion for adding an useful writting in an article. Write chemical potential equals to zero when undergoes BEC. We know that the critical temperature. When T is much smaller than that, BEC happens. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.66.168.3 (talk) 15:07, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Not Exactly

 * Actually, the chemical potential its that it can be approximated to be zero not that it equals zero. If you read pages 200 -202 of Thermal Physics by Charles Kittel, Kittel points out that "The chemical potential of a boson system must always be lower in energy than the ground state orbital in order that the occupancy of every orbital be nonnegative". ( Note: Kittel uses λ = absolute activation energy, where λ = exp(μ/T) ) In other words he saying chemical potential has nonzero energy; however, for the orbitals to not have a negative number of particles, chemical potential energy must be less than the ground state energy at temperature = 0.  He also later goes on to give an example when the chemical potential may be negligible.  If you continue read up to page 205, Kittel not only shows that the chemical potential is not negligible for finding the number of particles in ground state orbital, but actually shows how you can still derive the Bose-Einstein Condensation temperature. Physics16 (talk) 14:46, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

Kittel is a rather basic text covering solid state physics, where Helmholtz energy is approximated by the Fermi energy. If you are relying on this book for your authority on general statistical mechanics and thermostatistics, then this is problematic.Wikibearwithme (talk) 18:21, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

Strange inclusion
The article currently says:
 * 1) Why "{3 + 4 - 1 \choose 3-1}"="{3 + 4 - 1 \choose 4}"? I Think you should write "\choose 3+1" instead of "\choose 3-1"

This material appears to be some reader's critique, and should not be included in the article itself, no? P0M (talk) 04:08, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

No, it doesn't belong in the article. Whoever wrote it seems to think there is a mistake in a formula, and is suggesting a correction. But the formula is okay: the multiset coefficient ((3 4)) is, by definition, equal both to ( 3+4-1 choose 3-1 ) and to ( 3+4-1 choose 4 ). In general, ((n k)) = ( n+k-1 choose n-1 ) = ( n+k-1 choose k ). I suppose one could object, though, to the fact multiset coefficients are denoted here with angle brackets, but on the Wikipedia page on multiset coefficients to which a reference is given, double parentheses are used instead. Phorse (talk) 22:23, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Bose did not develop the distribution for "bosons", Planck did
The notion that the BE distribution is different than that of the Planck distribution, or that it was the breaking proposal for quantization of EM radiation, is a fiction for those who apparently need to glorify Bose, as is done in the whimsical history that is opening this article. The only aspect that substantially differentiates the BE distribution, as other than a rather redundant restatement of Planck's distribution as probabilities of state, was the addition of the chem potential by Einstein (similar to the concomitant FD statistics), as well as Einstein's extension to atoms, and Einstein's prediction of the condensate, which, contrary to this article, was not done "in collaboration" with Bose - it was developed and published independently by Einstein. That's just the historical record.

As far as the propagated fantasy that Bose introduced the quantization theory of photons, anybody can easily confirm that this is completely untrue by consulting the much earlier work by Planck (e.g., "The Theory of Heat Radiation," Planck, published 1914, is his own review of his earlier work and is readily available). Compton's experimental work and publication, 23 years after Planck's work on this, in 1923 (still before Bose's paper) on the particle-like attributes of x-rays, was then considered to be the most convincing experimental verification of this, at that point, long-standing assertion on the quantum nature of light. Wikibearwithme (talk) 18:30, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bose–Einstein statistics


text:
White Hall

White Hall may refer to:

United States

 * White Hall, Alabama
 * White Hall, Arkansas
 * White Hall, California
 * White Hall Township, Greene County, Illinois
 * White Hall, Illinois
 * White Hall, Baltimore County, Maryland
 * White Hall, Cecil County, Maryland
 * White Hall, Prince George's County, Maryland
 * White Hall, Albemarle County, Virginia
 * White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia
 * White Hall, West Virginia

Elsewhere

 * White Hall, Northern Ireland, a townland in County Antrim
 * White Hall, Saint Elizabeth, Jamaica, a settlement

United States

 * White Hall (Bear, Delaware), NRHP-listed
 * White Hall (Daytona Beach, Florida), NRHP-listed
 * White Hall (West Point, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Harris County, Georgia
 * White Hall (Whitehall, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Clarke County, Georgia
 * White Hall (Richmond, Kentucky), NRHP-listed
 * White Hall Plantation House, NRHP-listed in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana
 * White Hall (Ellicott City, Maryland), NRHP-listed in Howard County
 * White Hall (Princess Anne, Maryland), NRHP-listed in Somerset County
 * White Hall (Cornell University, Ithaca, New York)
 * White Hall (Spring Hill, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Maury County, Tennessee
 * White Hall (Toano, Virginia), NRHP-listed in James City County
 * White Hall (Zanoni, Virginia), NRHP-listed in Gloucester County

Elsewhere

 * "Salón Blanco" (White Hall), a hall at the Casa Rosada, Argentina
 * White Hall, one of the Magnificent Seven Houses in Trinidad and Tobago, is the house of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

title: White Hall


text:
Talk:List of timelines of World War II

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mic0084.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:24, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

rationing
There should be more in this article on rationing in australia. 58.107.30.145 11:19, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Untitled
Very good work to everyone who worked on this page in the last few days. When I last looked at it it looked pretty sparse. DJ Clayworth 15:27, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I think articles should only need to be linked once - so once Operation Overlord has been referenced and linked, further mentions of it don't need to be linked. It simply makes the article look tidier. I'll remove the extraneous links but if anyone really feels they're needed then I'll defer to their wishes. And good work to everyone who's helped. -- Chrism 10:12, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Normally I would agree with this, but I don't here because the article is extraordinarily long. Some entities are mentioned throughout the length of the article, and if I'm at the end I don't want to scroll all the way to the beginning to find the first reference to it. President Roosevelt is an example. I created a link on his death date, because if I was there and wanted to link I'd have to actually know quite a bit about WW2 to guess where he first occurs. My suggestion is that things are linked the first time they appear in a given month (with some exceptions where we link less frequently - no need to link Stalingrad twice because it occurs in the last line of a month and the first of the next).

Another suggestion I have with regard to links is that we always link to the battle rather than the place, if there is one. i.e.

 * US troops invade Okinawa

rather than

 * US troops invade Okinawa

We could link to both:

 * US troops invade Okinawa

but I think it would be too confusing to have two links next o each other.

DJ Clayworth jfsdnjskdfsghntvirweghwtnreuw(UTC)

Hi. I started this page, because I thought it was a glaring ommision that it was missing, but I'm not entirely happy with the format. In particular I don't like the way multiple events that happened on the same day are listed. I'm not sure how to fix this other than to do the whole thing in a table. But I'm not particularly in favour of that idea. Also I think we should be listing events preceeding, but pertaining to the war too, perhaps under a heading called "Storm Clouds" or something. Mintguy 09:40, 21 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I would like to suggest that we try to keep the length of entries down. This article is mainly to give an overview, so we should really keep entries down to one line, two in exceptional circumstances. In most cases there should be an article that we can link to for more information. DJ Clayworth 14:26, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Page moved to Timeline of World War II to make name consistant with naming of major World War II pages. Joshbaumgartner 07:01, 2005 Jan 20 (UTC) As for format, I agree that some work should be done, and will do some shortly to help integrate more of the articles and use the page as a better picture of the order of events. Joshbaumgartner 07:01, 2005 Jan 20 (UTC)

I think this article is too long! Maybe there could be a part for main dates such as Germany invades Denmark, Battle of Britian, Japan surrenders, etc. A part for the basic dates then all of the other events after that if a person wants to go into greater detail.24.121.117.191 (talk) 22:36, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

I can see your point, but this WW2 day by day article is extremely interesting. Maybe there is also room for another timeline (WW2 major days).JarTa 17:25, 29 February 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by JarTa (talk • contribs)

Cleanup
I have begun creating Timelines for the major campaigns of the war to allow entries tobe made with a level of detail that if done on this main page would create an impossibly long article. As a matter of format, I have created an entry for the campaign with a link both to the article on the campaign as well as to its specific timeline. For this page, I only retain the most major milestones. For most campaigns this will be the start and possibly conclusion of the campaign, although for some very long campaigns intermediate events such as the capture of a capital or turning point in the campaign may warrant a brief entry. Otherwise, details should be placed on the specific campaign timeline. I have completed the Timeline of the Polish September Campaign as a start. Joshbaumgartner 07:35, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)

 * Moving that information out of this article has not been a success, the pages Timeline_of_politics_and_diplomacy_during_World_War_II, Timeline of the Second Battle of the Atlantic have hardly been touched since the extraction of this information in February and Timeline of Allied air operations in Europe and Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II have not been touched AT ALL since February. I suggest moving this information back into this article. Jooler 12:39, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Discrepancy regarding date of surrender of France in June 1940
Please see Talk:Armistice with France (Second Compiègne). --Mathew5000 19:11, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Image:WW2 Iwo Jima flag raising.jpg
I think this image needs to go for copyright reasons: please consult the image information page and the talk page Image talk:WW2 Iwo Jima flag raising.jpg for more detailed information. No fair use rationale has been specified for the image's use on this article and AP specifically denies that fair use is available for this image. Hence, we need to be very, very careful when making fair use claims for it. As per Wikipedia copyright policy, "by permission" usage of an unfree image (even one only unfree for commercial purposes) is unacceptable unless it is merely in addition to a good fair use claim. TheGrappler 06:22, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Declarations of War
I'm surprised that nations such as Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvadar, etc. don't have the dates listed for their declarations of war against Germany and Japan. Multiple South American nations, as well as some Carribean nations (ie. Cuba, Haiti) immediately declared war after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. If nations who made minimal contributions and declared war after D-Day (ie. Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela) have dates listed, I think it's only fair that the nations who declared war earlier be listed as well. Feedback/suggestions? Anyone agree or disagree? Ninja kid21 18:52, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Only those who gave noteable military support should be mentioned. This is because there are hundreds of countries and the list of just all the declarations would be pointless. Most of south america and south africa was not involved in the war, but politically they were to allow USA to use there ports etc. Others did actually have fighting units that faught over seas. I suggest only listing countries if they are mentioned else where in the timeline for being involved in battles or other significant events. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 155.144.251.120 (talk) 01:22, 15 February 2007 (UTC).

Mistake?
The same event is repeated in two places (December 28 1941 & may 27 1942 Assassination of Heydrich), even if it isn't a mistake, it confuses the reader. ''"Starts the Operation Anthropoid (the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich)" "Operation Anthropoid - assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in Prague"'' Someone please fix it. --212.24.224.18 18:02, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Vietnam
Someone very enthusiastically has added a paragraph for every slight event that happened in Vietnam. Can someone with more knowledge trim this down? It reads like the western front was somewhere in the middle of the country. --Travisbasevi 01:27, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Conscription in Britain?
1940 December: 2: British conscription is increased to cover men from 19 to 41.

May 1940: 9: Conscription in Britain extended to age 36.

How can they 'extend' when before it was age 41. and then it ended up 36. that is a decrease. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.223.236.71 (talk) 23:22, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think there are several instances of incorrect stuff to do with Conscription on this page It needs a check. Jooler 00:42, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

date refs
Please don't cross-reference to dates using a format like '8/9'. This is ambiguous. To a Briton this is 8th September, to an American this is August 9. Jooler 16:45, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Leningrad / Stalingrad
Hello. I notice that the article uses the names "Leningrad" and "Stalingrad" interchangeably. Thinking all the way back to high school history, I think the name Stalingrad was in use during the war, and indeed is so indicated in the Volgograd article. Can anyone please confirm whether the use of "Leningrad" should be changed to "Stalingrad", or whether it even matters? Thanks! - Teeg82 (talk) 20:12, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * They are two different cities. Stalingrad on the Volga in the south and Leningrad (now renamed back to the pre-Soviet name of Saint Petersburg) on the Baltic coast. Jooler (talk) 00:33, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:StPaulsCathedral.jpg
Image:StPaulsCathedral.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

— Save_Us _ 229  22:10, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Admiral Graf Spee Scuttled.jpg
Image:Admiral Graf Spee Scuttled.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition gasdggswg to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:59, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

globalize tag
I've added a globalize tag, as this article completely ignores the China-Japan conflict. --Michael Johnson (talk) 00:43, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It doesn't completely ignore it, far from it! See:
 * 6 October 1939.
 * 24 November 1939.
 * 30 March 1940
 * 20 September 1940
 * 1 October 1940
 * 15 January 1941
 * 11 March 1941
 * 11 August 1941
 * 9 December 1941
 * 2 February 1942
 * 10 March 1943
 * 2 August 1943
 * 15 September 1943
 * 18 October 1943
 * 19 October 1943
 * 28 December 1943
 * 17 April 1944
 * 12 May 1944
 * 3 August 1944
 * 25 November 1944
 * 30 November 1944
 * 12 January 1945
 * 8 May 1945
 * 16 June 1945
 * 9 August 1945
 * 19 August 1945
 * 2 September 1945
 * 1 October 1945
 * If you are referring to events that preceded the Invasion of Poland in September 1939 please take note the note at the top of the article - "For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II." - If you think more detail should be added about this aspect of the conflict then by all means add it. Jooler (talk) 18:38, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Article size
Moving information out of this article has not been a success. Timeline is also not a real article( it is the WW2). In my opinion the problem here is not the length but the size. I suggest splitting the timeline simply by the years. So that the timeline page will be the 1939 page and at the end of the page will be links to the other war years. Winston2 09:21, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

I suggest to split this very long article into seven short ones, each representing every year of war. Alexius08 (talk) 15:32, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

 * it´s a good idea.Petrescu3 (talk) 21:02, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Support splitting per year. Keep here the major events only. Andries (talk) 08:17, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd agree with a split as well --Nick Dowling (talk) 10:10, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I also support a split. Personally, I think two separate splits, one by year and another by theatre (Asia-Pacific, European-Atlantic, Soviet-German) would be in order. Oberiko (talk) 15:16, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Split. Someone needs to reference all that... Renata (talk) 23:45, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Clean up
I do not have the time to do this but while looking at this article thought that it could be drastically improved with a little work. I am defintely in favor of splitting the article up in to individual years but I would also like to see that the timeline be seperated into two columns, one for the Pacific Theater, and one for the European theater as I believe this would lend to a better flow. I also have noticed that in this timeline, not all of the events are linked to the appropriate wikipedia article which is very frustrating. As I said before, I don't have the time to give the attention this deserves but would defintely thank anyone that undertook it. Seantpainter (talk) 00:43, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

June 5, 1944
I was under the impression while the men of the 3 Airborne Divisions took off on June 5 that the first men did not land in occupied France until after midnight ... i.e. on June 6th.--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 10:16, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Full Blown MILHIST Template
I just put in the full blown MILHIST Template, which links this article to all the pertinent projects. That should bring more work. - SSG Cornelius Seon (Retired) (talk) 20:04, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Summary required
This article needs to be extended to include just the main events as an overview. Not everybody is an expert, or needs all the gory details. (The detailed articles are fine, but an overview is what is required.)

I would suggest the main events are Tuntable (talk) 01:32, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Invasion of Manchuria
 * Invasion of Poland
 * Battle of France
 * Battle of Britain
 * North Africa, start and end
 * Barbarossa start
 * Stalingrad
 * Pearl Harbor
 * Singapore
 * Midway
 * Saipan
 * D-Day
 * VE
 * VJ

 * I agree. I think the easiest way would be for each year to include its own summary. So I've tagged the yearly timelines with improve lead. fgnievinski (talk) 00:16, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

Battle of Britain
I am somewhat astonished that the Battle of Britain does not have its own chronology. There are only two mentions of it in the UK home front chronology - start and end. This was the first successful resistance of the Nazi war machine. It was a turning point for the European war, which unarguably secured the staging post of the future D-Day invasion. Its success was therefore as significant as France's fall. There were key events which should surely be recorded and the battle warrants its own section, I would suggest.

Paul Wenman — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.15.58.190 (talk) 20:31, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of timelines of World War II


text:
Talk:Geography of East Timor

Untitled
All you say about Environment is:

current issues: widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion

While slash and burn agriculture is a problem its not the cause of deforestation, that was caused by the Indonesians during the war who got rid of all the tree cover so they could fight the FALINTIL Guerillas better. Also a major cause of deforestation today is that all cooking is done over open fires and many families make a livelihood by cutting down the trees and selling them. The CIA Handbook is not very good for East TImor and should not be relied on.

Someone find out the percentages for land use?
They just say NA%. Or is this for another reason? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.99.95.19 (talk) 01:28, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geography of East Timor


text:
User talk:Ledgerbob

I've corrected sterilised. It now link to sterilisation, which is where the article is. Secretlondon 18:48, Dec 21, 2003 (UTC)

-

Hi. Could you use longer, more detailed names for images you upload please? Short names like "alexander.jpg" risk being overwritten -- Tarquin 11:49, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Escapade (programming language) listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Escapade (programming language). Since you had some involvement with the Escapade (programming language) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Rwessel (talk) 17:09, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Escapade (programming language) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Escapade (programming language) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Escapade (programming language) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Msnicki (talk) 14:24, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ledgerbob


text:
User talk:Chanelabdaal

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

UtherSRG 15:29, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

PS. You can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

authors: Template namespace initialisation script

title: User talk:Chanelabdaal


text:
Nathan Söderblom

Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom (15 January 1866 – 12 July 1931) was a Swedish bishop. He was the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala from 1914 to 1931, and recipient of the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 12 July.

Life and career
Söderblom was born in the village of Trönö in Söderhamn Municipality, Gävleborg County. His father was a parish priest. He enrolled at Uppsala University in 1883. Although not initially convinced what he wanted to study, he eventually decided to follow in his father's footsteps. On returning from a journey to the United States, he was ordained as a priest in 1893. During the years 1892 and 1893, he was first vice president and then president of the Uppsala Student Union.

From 1894 to 1901, he had a ministry position at the Swedish Embassy in Paris, where his congregation included both Alfred Nobel (1833–1896) and August Strindberg (1849–1912). In 1897, he officiated at the memorial service for Nobel. From 1901 to 1914, Söderblom held a chair in the School of Theology at Uppsala University and from 1912 to 1914 was also a professor of religious studies at Leipzig University. In 1914, he was elected as Archbishop of Uppsala, the head of the Lutheran church in Sweden. During the First World War, he called on all Christian leaders to work for peace and justice while working to alleviate the conditions of prisoners of war and refugees.

He believed that church unity had the specific purpose of presenting the gospel to the world and that the messages of Jesus were relevant to social life. His leadership of the Christian "Life and Work" movement in the 1920s has led him to be recognised as one of the principal founders of the ecumenical movement. He had begun the movement toward intercommunion between the Church of Sweden and the Church of England and was a close associate of the English ecumenist George Bell (1883–1958), Dean of Canterbury, Bishop of Chichester. He was instrumental in chairing the World Conference of Life and Work in Stockholm, in 1925. In 1930 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Selected works

 * Den enskilde och kyrkan : föredrag (1909)
 * Helighet och kultur (1913)
 * Gudstrons uppkomst (1914)
 * 9 Works by Nathan Söderblom at The Documentation of Chinese Christianity program, Hong Kong Baptist University Library

Other sources

 * Andrae, Tor J.E. (1931) Nathan Söderblom (Uppsala University)
 * Curtis, Charles J. (1967) Söderblom: Ecumenical Pioneer (Minneapolis, Augsburg Publishing House)
 * Jonson, Jonas (2016) Nathan Söderblom: Called to Serve (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company) ISBN 0802873081
 * Katz, Peter (1949) Nathan Söderblom: A Prophet of Christian Unity (London, James Clarke)
 * Sundkler, Beng (1968) Nathan Söderblom: His Life and Work (Lutterworth Press) ISBN 9780718815738

title: Nathan Söderblom


text:
User:Jscherer

My name is Jason Scherer. More info about me: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eeeeaaii/

title: User:Jscherer


text:
Elkins

Elkins may refer to:

United States

 * Elkins, Arkansas, a city
 * Elkins, New Hampshire, an unincorporated community
 * Elkins, Texas, a ghost town
 * Elkins, West Virginia, a city and county seat
 * Elkins Estate, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
 * Elkins Field, a privately owned, public use airport in Bladen County, North Carolina, United States

Antarctica

 * Mount Elkins

Other uses

 * Elkins (surname)
 * Elkins High School (disambiguation)
 * Elkins Hall, a historic administrative building on the campus of Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, Louisiana, on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Elkins Act, a 1903 United States federal law
 * Elkins v. United States, a 1960 United States Supreme Court decision
 * Elkins Automatic Rifle, a model of the Lee-Enfield rifle
 * Elkins Coal and Coke Company, a former coke manufacturer - see Elkins Coal and Coke Company Historic District, Preston County, West Virginia, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places

title: Elkins


text:
User talk:Jscherer

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

UtherSRG 15:32, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

PS. You can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

title: User talk:Jscherer


text:
Gorky's Zygotic Mynci

Gorky's Zygotic Mynci were a psychedelic folk and alternative rock band which formed in Carmarthen, Wales, in 1991. The group performed music in both Welsh and English, and they had eight Top 75 singles on the UK Singles Chart during their career. They were prominent during the era known as Cool Cymru. The group disbanded in May 2006.

Biography
The group was formed by Euros Childs (vocals and keyboards), John Lawrence (vocals and guitar) and Richard James (bass guitar) whilst still at Bro Myrddin Welsh Comprehensive School in Carmarthen. Beyond their main roles in the band, all three were multi-instrumentalists and often swapped around instruments both in the studio and onstage. With Sion Lane (keyboards) and Steffan Cravos (violin) added to the lineup, Gorky's recorded the self-released cassette Allumette (1991). Sion and Steffan left shortly afterwards (the latter going on to form Welsh language rap group Tystion) and drummer Osian Evans was recruited for second cassette Peiriant Pleser (1992).

Euros Childs' sister Megan Childs (violin) subsequently joined the group and the band signed to the Welsh record label Ankst. The band's first release for the label was Patio (1992), a 10" collection of various live, home and studio recordings (this was later expanded for the 1995 CD version) which John Cale once proclaimed to be his 'favourite album ever'. Gorky's also released a number of singles and EPs on Ankst, demonstrating a taste for psychedelia and playfulness evidently inspired by the Canterbury scene of the 1960s and 1970s (Kevin Ayers' album Shooting at the Moon is cited in the notes to Tatay as "the best LP of all time", and the record also includes a version of Robert Wyatt's "O, Caroline"). The band began to be championed by BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel (other than that, it was extremely rare to hear Welsh-language music on such a station).

In 1994 Gorky's released their first full studio album, Tatay. By 1995, Euros Rowlands had replaced Osian Evans on drums in time to record a second album – Bwyd Time – which featured a wide range of instrumentation (such as the parts for the celesta and sitar credited on "Iechyd Da"). Both albums were produced by Alan Holmes who also provided their colourful artwork. These early releases show a huge range of influences and styles: "Thema o Cartref", the opening track of Tatay, for example, is a relatively gentle harmonium-backed song, while "When You Hear the Captain Sing" appears to be a tribute of sorts to Captain Beefheart and "Amsermaemaiyndod/cinema" presents one song in the right channel and a completely different one in the left. The 1996 compilation Introducing Gorky's Zygotic Mynci (the band's first release in America) compiled material from the Ankst album and singles and summed up this phase of Gorky's career.

Now attracting the interest of larger record labels, Gorky's left Ankst and signed to Fontana Records. Their next album, Barafundle (1997), was produced by Gorwel Owen who had also worked with the Super Furry Animals. The wide-ranging instrumentation remained ("Diamond Dew" has a prominent part for the jaw harp) and there were still psychedelic touches, but the album as a whole was more laid back than their earlier work, tending more towards folk music. This gentler direction was largely maintained and refined in their later records, though the occasional poppier and rockier number, such as "Poodle Rockin'" from Spanish Dance Troupe or "Mow the Lawn" from Sleep/Holiday, continued to crop up.

Following their fifth album – 1998's appropriately-titled Gorky 5, which was released on Fontana's sister label Mercury Records – the band were dropped by Fontana. They quickly signed to Mantra Recordings (a division of the Beggars' Banquet label). In 1999, Gorky's released their first album for Mantra, Spanish Dance Troupe. This would be the last Gorky's album to feature input from founder member John Lawrence, who left the group during the recording sessions. Richard James took on Lawrence's former role of main guitarist, and Gorky's also recruited former Ffa Coffi Pawb member Rhodri Puw as a sideman to play guitar and bass guitar on tour. In 2000, Gorky's appeared with John Cale in a movie called Beautiful Mistake, in which they performed 1994 album track "O Caroline II". In the same year, the band released an acoustic mini-album called The Blue Trees in 2000, after which drummer Euros Rowlands left Gorky's to take up a career in teaching.

Rowlands was replaced by former Topper drummer Peter Richardson, and at around the same time Rhodri Puw was confirmed as being a full member of the band. This lineup of Gorky's recorded and toured two more albums – How I Long to Feel That Summer in My Heart (2001) and Sleep/Holiday (2003, on the Sanctuary Music label). The latter would prove to be the final Gorky's Zygotic Mynci album. Although Euros Childs and Richard James would spend time working on separate projects for a while, the band did not announce their formal split until May 2006.

In 2010 Richard James and Euros Childs performed at Dan Rebellato's wedding, with him later telling Lauren Laverne via Twitter, "We somehow got Gorky's Zygotic Mynci to reform and play our wedding last year, so it was wall-to-wall musical awesomeness". They've also collaborated on other short-term occasions, such as the online music video series "Outside My House" (2014). James and the Childs siblings also performed at the Charlotte Greig memorial concert in Cardiff in 2014.

Wales Online's David Owens called the band "one of the most original and unique bands in the history of Welsh music.”

Origin of the band name
While in the band, Childs said that one of the most frequent questions he was asked was about the origin of the band's name. After struggling to come up with one, they decided "we might as well stick with the most ridiculous crap name we could think of."

Gorky's came from the word "gawky"; Lawrence says that "gork" was school slang for a dimwit.

Zygotic was "hijacked from GCSE biology"; it refers to the state of being like a zygote – a fertilized egg cell.

Mynci is a spelling of the word "monkey" using Welsh spelling rules, rather than a direct Welsh translation (the actual Welsh word is "mwnci") and is pronounced like "monkey".

Albums

 * Allumette (self released), May 1991, cassette only
 * Peirant Pleser(self released), Jun 1992, cassette only
 * Patio (Ankst, Jun? 1992 as 10", expanded CD version in 1995)
 * Tatay (Ankst, Mar 1994)
 * Bwyd Time (Ankst, Jun 1995, UK No. 150)
 * Barafundle (Fontana, Apr 1997, UK No. 46)
 * Gorky 5 (Mercury Records, Aug 1998, UK No. 67)
 * Spanish Dance Troupe (Mantra, Nov 1999, UK No. 88)
 * The Blue Trees (Mantra, Oct 2000, UK No. 126)
 * How I Long to Feel That Summer in My Heart (Mantra, Sep 2001, UK No. 76)
 * Sleep/Holiday (Sanctuary, Aug 2003, UK No. 132)
 * 20: Singles & EP's '94–'96 (2003)

Singles
The band have the distinction of being the only group with eight UK Top 75 singles without ever making the Top 40. They have, however, had singles peaking at 41, 42 and 43.
 * "Merched Yn Neud Gwallt Eu Gilydd" (Ankst, Jun 1994)
 * "The Game Of Eyes" (Ankst, Nov 1994)
 * "Llanfwrog" EP (Ankst, 1994)
 * "Gewn Ni Gorffen" (Ankst, Jul 1995)
 * "If Fingers Were Xylophones" (Ankst, Nov 1995, UK No. 91)
 * "Amber Gambler (EP)" (Ankst, June 1996, UK No. 91)
 * "Patio Song" (Fontana, Oct 1996, UK No. 41)
 * "Diamond Dew" (Fontana, Mar 1997, UK No. 42)
 * "Young Girls & Happy Endings/Dark Nights" (Fontana, Jun 1997, UK No. 49)
 * "Sweet Johnny" (Fontana, May 1998, UK No. 60)
 * "Let's Get Together (In Our Minds)" (Fontana, Aug 1998, UK No. 43)
 * "Spanish Dance Troupe" (Mantra, Sep 1999, UK No. 47)
 * "Poodle Rockin'" (Mantra, Feb 2000, UK No. 52)
 * "Stood On Gold" (Mantra, Sep 2001, UK No. 65)
 * "Mow The Lawn" (Sanctuary, Oct 2003, UK No. 110)

Final lineup

 * Euros Childs – vocals, keyboards (1991–2006)
 * Megan Childs – violin, vocals (1992–2006)
 * Richard James – guitar, vocals (1991–2006), bass guitar (1991–1999)
 * Rhodri Puw – bass guitar (1999–2006)
 * Peter Richardson – drums (2000–2006)

Previous members

 * John Lawrence – vocals, guitar (1991–1999)
 * Euros Rowlands – drums (1995–2001)
 * Osian Evans – drums (1991–1995)
 * Sion Lane – keyboards (1991)
 * Cenwyn Brain – guitar (1991)
 * Sammy Davies – keyboards (1991–1992)
 * Steffan Cravos – violin (1991–1992)
 * Damian Hern - bass (1991–1993)

title: Gorky's Zygotic Mynci


text:
Chris Martin

Christopher Anthony John Martin (born 2 March 1977) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, producer and philanthropist. He is best known as the vocalist, pianist and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay.

Born in Exeter, Martin went to University College London, where he formed Coldplay with Jonny Buckland, Guy Berryman and Will Champion. The band found worldwide fame with the release of the song "Yellow" in 2000, receiving acclaim for albums such as A Rush of Blood to the Head (2002), Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (2008) and others. He has won seven Grammy Awards and nine Brit Awards as part of the band. They have sold over 100 million albums worldwide as of 2021, making them the most successful group of the 21st century. Martin appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the United Kingdom.

Early life
Christopher Anthony John Martin was born on 2 March 1977 in Exeter, Devon, England, the eldest of five children. His father, Anthony John Martin, of Whitestone House, Exeter, is a retired chartered accountant, and his mother, Alison Martin, who is from Zimbabwe, is a music teacher. His family's caravan and motorhome sales business, Martin's of Exeter, was founded in 1929 by his grandfather John Besley Martin, CBE (a High Sheriff-also Mayor in 1968 of Exeter). It was sold by his father to a former employee in 1999. William Willett, the man who campaigned for and made daylight saving time a recognised practice, was Martin's great-great-grandfather. Martin's paternal aunt Elisabeth Jane (daughter of John Besley Martin) married Hon. Julian George Winston Sandys, son of Conservative politician Duncan Sandys by his wife Diana Churchill, daughter of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The former Conservative Member of Parliament David Martin is his paternal uncle.

Martin was educated at the pre-preparatory Hylton School and the choir and preparatory Exeter Cathedral School, where he found his passion for music. After Exeter Cathedral School, Martin attended Sherborne School, where he met future Coldplay manager Phil Harvey. He continued his education at University College London, where he was awarded an Ancient World Studies degree with first-class honours in Greek and Latin. It was at UCL that Martin met his future Coldplay bandmates Jonny Buckland, Guy Berryman, and Will Champion.

Coldplay
Martin was responsible for co-founding the band along with Buckland; they met each other during UCL's orientation week in 1996. The pair spent the rest of the year planning a band and started to write their first songs together in early 1997, practising every night as well. Berryman joined the group in the following months and they recorded numerous demos without a drummer. By November, the trio was known as Big Fat Noises. In 1998, they became Starfish "in a panic", as Champion scheduled their debut live performance at The Laurel Tree only a few days after he joined the line-up. Weeks later, the band settled on the name Coldplay, which came from UCL friend Tim Crompton. He originally considered it for his own band after finding a copy of Philip Horky's Child's Reflections, Cold Play (1997), but the idea was ultimately discarded.

Since the release of their debut album Parachutes in 2000, the band have achieved internationally recognised fame and success. Their song "Yellow", from Parachutes, entered the charts at Number 4 and began the group's enduring popularity. To date, they have released nine studio albums in total including Parachutes, A Rush of Blood to the Head, X&Y, Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends, Mylo Xyloto, Ghost Stories, A Head Full of Dreams, Everyday Life, and Music of the Spheres. They also released several EPs, including Safety and The Blue Room.

Solo work
Martin has written songs for a variety of acts including Embrace ("Gravity") and Jamelia ("See It in a Boy's Eyes", co-written with Coldplay producer Rik Simpson). Martin has also collaborated with Ron Sexsmith, Faultline, the Streets, and Ian McCulloch. He also sang a part of the vocals for the Band Aid 20 single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" at the end of 2004. In 2005, Martin collaborated with Nelly Furtado on the track "All Good Things (Come to an End)", for her 2006 album, Loose. The two were once rumoured to be a couple, after they both performed at Glastonbury in 2002. Nelly Furtado joked about it, saying, "Yeah, he's my boyfriend — he just doesn't know it yet".

Martin's fascination with hip hop was shown in mid-2006 when he collaborated with rapper Jay-Z for the rapper's comeback album, Kingdom Come, after the two met earlier in the year. Martin put some chords together for a song known as "Beach Chair" and sent them to Jay-Z who enlisted the help of hip-hop producer Dr. Dre to mix it. Coldplay producer Rik Simpson conceived and performed the drum beats. The song was performed on 27 September 2006 by the two during Jay-Z's European tour at Royal Albert Hall. Martin has also worked on a solo collaboration with Kanye West, with whom he shared an impromptu jam session during a 2006 concert at Abbey Road Studios. He performed the chorus of "Homecoming", from Kanye West's album Graduation.

In 2015, Martin collaborated with DJ Avicii to work on two new tracks for his album Stories. Their first collaboration was officially named "Heaven". Martin wrote the lyrics, Avicii did the production, and Simon Aldred of Cherry Ghost was the vocalist. He also provided the vocals for Avicii's True Believer, also in Stories. In February 2017, Martin performed "A Different Corner" at the 2017 Brit Awards in tribute to George Michael.

A song he co-wrote called "Homesick" appears on Dua Lipa's self-titled debut album, which was released in June 2017. In 2019, Martin was featured on Avicii's posthumous album Tim. The song "Heaven" features vocals by Martin and was written by Avicii and Martin prior to Avicii's death.

Philanthropy
On 12 December 2012, Martin performed three songs, including "Losing My Religion" with Michael Stipe, as a part of the "12 12 12 Concert" which was held as a fundraiser for Hurricane Sandy relief. On 15 November 2014, Martin joined charity group Band Aid 30, performing alongside British and Irish pop acts on the latest version of the track "Do They Know It's Christmas?" at Sarm West Studios in Notting Hill, London to raise money for the 2014 Ebola crisis in Western Africa — this was the second time Martin has contributed to a Band Aid recording having performed in the 2004 version. Martin became the creative director of the newly established Global Citizen Festival in 2015, a role he plans to fulfil for 15 years.

Other projects
Martin and Coldplay guitarist Jonny Buckland made cameo appearances in the film Shaun of the Dead as supporters of the fictional charity ZombAid. In 2006, Martin had a cameo role in the second series, episode four, of the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant comedy Extras. He also appears singing in the closing credits of the 2009 Sacha Baron Cohen film Brüno, with Bono, Sting, Slash, Snoop Dogg, and Elton John.

In March 2015, Martin attended the televised launch of music streaming service Tidal via a video link, and revealed himself, along with other notable artists, as a shareholder in the company. In June 2015, Martin performed "Til Kingdom Come" at the funeral Mass of Beau Biden, son of United States Vice-president Joe Biden, after learning that Biden was a fan of his. In August 2017, Martin performed a live solo piano rendition of "Crawling" by Linkin Park. The performance was a tribute to Linkin Park's lead singer Chester Bennington, who died by suicide the previous month.

Influences
A major influence on Martin and Coldplay was the Scottish rock band Travis, with Martin crediting the band for the creation of his own band. The Irish rock band U2 is another important influence on Martin both musically and politically. Martin wrote for Rolling Stone Magazine's "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" on the band, saying: "I don't buy weekend tickets to Ireland and hang out in front of their gates, but U2 are the only band whose entire catalogue I know by heart. The first song on The Unforgettable Fire, "A Sort of Homecoming", I know backward and forward—it's so rousing, brilliant, and beautiful. It's one of the first songs I played to my unborn baby." Martin have been also influenced by Radiohead. In 2024, Coldplay invited and performed alongside Michael J. Fox at the Glastonbury Festival, with the singer saying that when he saw Fox playing guitar in Back to the Future (1985), he knew that was what he wanted to do.

Martin is very vocal about his love for Norwegian synth-pop band a-ha. In 2005, he stated in an interview: "I found myself in Amsterdam the other day and I put a-ha's first record on. I just remembered how much I loved it. It's incredible songwriting. Everyone asks what inspired us, what we've been trying to steal from and what we listened to as we were growing up — the first band I ever loved was a-ha." Martin has also performed live together with Magne Furuholmen of a-ha, introducing him as "the best keyboard player in the world". In November 2011, he stated that "back when we didn't have any hits of our own we used to play a-ha songs."

Martin is also a fan of English rock bands Oasis and Muse, Irish pop group Westlife, English-Irish girl group Girls Aloud, English pop group Take That, and Canadian indie rock band Arcade Fire. In 2014, Martin inducted Peter Gabriel into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his solo career, and performed live with him.

Coldplay performed R.E.M.'s "Nightswimming" with Michael Stipe during their Austin City Limits performance in 2005, as a part of the Twisted Logic Tour. Martin went on to call "Nightswimming" "the greatest song ever written". He has called Richard Ashcroft, formerly of the Verve, "the best singer in the world". He also admires the lyrics of Morrissey. Martin was quoted as calling Coldplay's song "Shiver" a rip-off Jeff Buckley influenced by Buckley's song "Grace". In 2008, Coldplay released an alternate music video for Viva la Vida, directed by Anton Corbijn as a tribute to Corbijn's 1990 video for Depeche Mode's "Enjoy the Silence". It shows Martin dressed as a king, as Dave Gahan was in the original video. The band stated: "This is our attempt at a video cover version, made out of love for Depeche Mode and the genius of Anton Corbijn".

Personal life
According to an article released by The Times in May 2023, Martin has an estimated net worth of £160 million. In a 2012 interview with the Daily Mirror, Martin revealed that he had been suffering from tinnitus since his early adult years, although he said that he had noticed the symptoms even as a teenager "while listening to loud music". As a result, Martin wears specially filtered earplugs or customised in-ear monitors while performing and has encouraged his bandmates to do the same as a preventive measure. Similarly, he has encouraged his children to wear hearing protection at concerts. Martin has also become an advocate for hearing loss awareness, having partnered with the Royal National Institute for Deaf People. PETA named Martin the World's Sexiest Vegetarian in 2005. However, he began eating meat again after his separation from Gwyneth Paltrow.

Martin is a supporter of Exeter City. He is also ambidextrous. In February 2020, a cassette tape was discovered by a former fellow pupil of Martin's. It contained a three-minute instrumental piece titled "Electric Thunder", which was composed by Martin, aged 12, at Exeter Cathedral School. Martin played keyboards on the track accompanying other pupils performing in a group called Grandisson Ensemble. The cassette was expected to sell for £600 at auction; it ultimately fetched £840 (US$).

Relationships
According to one source, Martin previously had a relationship with live events producer Lily Sobhani around the Parachutes album release. He and American actress Gwyneth Paltrow married on 5 December 2003 in a quiet ceremony in the presence of their friends and family. Their daughter Apple was born in May 2004 in London. Martin and the band released a song called "I am your baby's daddy" under the name "the Nappies" in anticipation of her birth. Coldplay's "Speed of Sound" was also inspired by Martin's experience and awe at becoming a father, being the lead single for the band's X&Y album. Simon Pegg and Martin's bandmate Jonny Buckland are his daughter's godfathers, and Martin is godfather to Pegg's daughter. His second child, Moses, was born in April 2006 in New York City. The name was inspired by a song of the same name. In March 2014, Martin and Paltrow announced their separation as a "conscious uncoupling" after ten years of marriage. Paltrow filed for divorce in April 2015 and it was finalised on 14 July 2016. From August 2015 to August 2017, he was in an on-and-off relationship with actress Annabelle Wallis. Since 2017, Martin has been in a relationship with American actress Dakota Johnson. They reside in Malibu, California. In 2024, it was revealed the couple have been engaged for several years.

Politics
Martin has been particularly outspoken on issues of fair trade and has campaigned for Oxfam's Make Trade Fair campaign. He travelled to Ghana and Haiti to meet farmers and view the effects of unfair trade practices. When performing he usually has variations of "Make Trade Fair", "MTF" or an equal sign written on the back of his left hand and the letters "MTF" can be seen emblazoned on his piano. He was a vocal critic of US President George W. Bush and the war in Iraq. During the Teenage Cancer Trust show at London's Royal Albert Hall on 24 March 2003, he encouraged the sell-out crowd to "sing against war". He was a strong supporter of Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, most notably during his acceptance speech for the 2004 Grammy Awards Record of the Year, accepting for "Clocks". He supported Obama for president in 2008, giving a shout-out at the end of a performance of "Yellow" on 25 October 2008 episode of Saturday Night Live.

On 1 April 2006, The Guardian reported that Martin was backing the British Conservative Party leader David Cameron, and had written a new theme song for the party titled "Talk to David". This was later revealed to be an April Fool's joke. While touring Australia in March 2009, Martin and the rest of Coldplay were the opening act at the Sound Relief benefit concert at the Sydney Cricket Ground in Sydney, for the victims of bushfires and floods in Victoria and Queensland. Martin appeared in a video for the "Robin Hood Tax" campaign, which proposes a tax on stock trades in the United States. This tax is aimed at levelling the field between the 1% and 99%. In June 2016, Martin supported Vote Remain in the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.

With Coldplay

 * Parachutes (2000)
 * A Rush of Blood to the Head (2002)
 * X&Y (2005)
 * Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (2008)
 * Mylo Xyloto (2011)
 * Ghost Stories (2014)
 * A Head Full of Dreams (2015)
 * Everyday Life (2019)
 * Music of the Spheres (2021)
 * Moon Music (2024)

title: Chris Martin


text:
Jeffrey (name)

Jeffrey is a common English given name, and a variant form of the name Geoffrey (itself from a Middle French variant of Godfrey, Gottfried).

It has been argued that the common derivation of Middle French Geoffrey (or Geoffroy), Jeffery from Godfrey is mistaken, and that the names reflect two separate first Germanic elements god vs. gaut, which became conflated in Old High German by the end of the early medieval period.

Outside of North America, Geoffrey is more common than Jeffrey. Jeffrey and its variants are found as surnames, usually as a patronymic ending in -s (e.g., Jefferies, Jaffrays); The surname Jefferson is also a patronymic version of the given name. In Scotland, Jeffrey is most frequently found to be a surname.

Variations include Jeff, Jeffry, Jeffy, Jeffery, Jefferey, Jeffory, Jefrie, Geoff, Geoffrey, Jeffeory, Geffrey, Jefferson, and Jeffro.

Academia

 * Jeffrey Cole, American anthropologist
 * Jeffrey Garten (born 1946), American businessman and writer, professor and dean of Yale School of Management
 * Jeffrey Hackney (born 1941), British legal academic at Wadham College, Oxford
 * Jeffrey A. Hoffman (born 1944), American astronaut, professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Jeffrey Kaplan (academic) (born 1954), American academic, author and book editor
 * Jeffrey Lagarias (born 1949), American professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan
 * Jeffrey B. Remmel (1948–2017), American mathematics professor of UC San Diego
 * Jeffrey Rosen (born 1964), American legal academic and commentator, professor of law at George Washington University Law School
 * Jeffrey Sachs (born 1954), American professor of economics and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York

Art

 * Jeffrey Rowbotham (1920-1984), Scottish architect
 * Jeffrey Schiff, American artist
 * Jeffrey Steele (artist) (1931-2021), British abstract artist

Business

 * Jeffrey Cheah (born 1945/1946), founder of Malaysian conglomerate Sunway Group
 * Jeffrey Hollender (born 1954), American entrepreneur, author and activist, co-founder and former CEO of Seventh Generation Inc.
 * Jeffrey Katzenberg (born 1950), American co-founder of DreamWorks SKG, CEO of DreamWorks Animation SKG, and film producer
 * Jeffrey Rosen, American billionaire businessman
 * Jeffrey Steinberger, American trial lawyer and founder of law firm, judge pro tem, adjunct law professor, TV legal analyst

Crime

 * Jeffrey Dahmer (1960-1994), American cannibalistic serial killer and sex offender
 * Jeffrey Dampier (1966-2005), American lottery winner who was murdered
 * Jeffrey "Jeff" Doucet (?-1984), American pedophile murdered by Gary Plauché
 * Jeffrey Epstein (1953-2019), American financier and convicted sex offender
 * Jeffrey Russell Hall (1978-2011), American political extremist killed by his son
 * Jeffrey R. MacDonald (born 1943), American former physician convicted of killing his family

Entertainment

 * Jeffrey Anderson-Gunter (born 1946), Jamaican film and television actor
 * Jeffrey Ching (born 1965), British contemporary classical composer
 * Jeffrey Combs (born 1954), American character actor best known for his horror film roles
 * Jeffrey Daniel (born 1955), American singer and dancer with the soul group Shalamar
 * Jeffrey DeMunn (born 1947), American actor
 * Jeffrey Donovan (born 1968), American actor
 * Jeffrey Goldblum (born 1952), American film and television actor
 * Jeffrey Hunter (1926-1969), American film and television actor
 * Jeffrey Jones (born 1946), American actor
 * Jeffrey Isbell (Izzy Stradlin) (born 1962), American musician
 * Jeffrey Lau (born 1955), Hong Kong film director, screenwriter, actor and producer
 * Jeffrey Lewis (born 1975), American musician and comic artist
 * Jeffrey Lyons (born 1944), American television and film critic
 * Jeffrey Marsh (born 1976/1977), American writer, activist actor, artist and author
 * Jeffrey Dean Morgan (born 1966), American actor
 * Jeffrey Ngai (born 1998), Hong Kong actor and singer
 * Jeffrey Nordling (born 1962), American actor
 * Jeffrey Osborne (born 1948), American singer–songwriter, musician and lyricist
 * Jeffrey Reiner, American film director, editor, screenwriter, television director, and producer
 * Jeffrey D. Sams (born 1968), American actor
 * Jeffrey Shih (born 1987), American video game player
 * Jeffrey Steele (born 1961), American singer and songwriter
 * Jeffrey Tambor (born 1944), American actor
 * Jeffrey Toobin (born 1960), American commentator and writer
 * Jeffrey Wright (actor) (born 1965), American film and television actor

Literature

 * Jeffrey Archer (born 1940), English author and former politician
 * Jeffrey Brown (comics) (born 1975), American comic book writer and artist
 * Jeffrey Carver (born 1949), American science fiction author
 * Jeffrey Daniels (author), Chicago-raised African American poet, artist, and professor
 * Jeffrey Eugenides (born 1960), American novelist and short story writer of Greek and Irish origins
 * Jeffrey Ford (born 1955), American novelist and story writer
 * Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson (born 1941), Sanskrit specialist and author who trained as a psychoanalyst in Toronto
 * Jeffrey Rowland (born 1974), American webcomic artist
 * Jeffrey Simpson (born 1949), American-born Canadian journalist and national affairs columnist with The Globe and Mail newspaper
 * Jeffrey S. Williams, American writer and Civil War historian

Military

 * Jeffrey Chessani (born 1963), former lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Marine Corps
 * Jeffrey Feinstein (born 1945), former lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Air Force
 * Jeffrey J. Schloesser, former major general in the U.S. Army
 * Jeffrey Williams (astronaut) (born 1958), former U.S. Army officer and astronaut

Sport

 * Jeffrey Bassa, American football player
 * Jeffrey Buttle (born 1982), Canadian figure skater
 * Jeffrey Carlson (1975-2023), American hockey player, one of the fictional Hanson Brothers from the film, "Slap Shot"
 * Jeffrey de Lange (born 1998), Dutch footballer
 * Jeffrey Earnhardt (born 1989), American racing driver
 * Jeffrey Finley (born 1991), Canadian football player
 * Jeffrey Gunter (born 1999), American football player
 * Jeffrey Jordan (born 1988), son of Michael Jordan, US former college basketball player
 * Jeffrey Lay (born 1969), Canadian rower
 * Jeffrey Lloyd (born 1961), horse racing jockey currently based in Australia

Other

 * Jeffrey Brenner, American CEO of the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services

Fictional characters

 * Jeffrey P. Brookes III, on the TV sitcom The Ropers
 * Jeffrey Cross, aka OG Loc, from Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
 * Jeffrey Dexter "Jeff" Boomhauer III, one of the main characters on the animated Fox Network TV series King of the Hill, voiced by Mike Judge
 * Jeffrey Goines, one of the main characters in the 1995 science fiction film 12 Monkeys, played by Brad Pitt
 * Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski, the main character in the 1998 crime comedy film The Big Lebowski, played by Jeff Bridges
 * Jeffrey Matthews a.k.a. Moondoggie, in the film Gidget, the two sequels Gidget Goes Hawaiian and Gidget Goes to Rome, played by James Darren
 * Jeffrey Michener, in the TV series The Last Ship, played by Mark Moses
 * Jeffrey Sinclair, one of the main characters in the 1990s science fiction TV series Babylon 5, played by Michael O'Hare
 * Jeffrey Hoytsman, a defense attorney and drug addict in the TV show Brooklyn 99
 * Jeffrey Woods, a serial killer from the Creepypasta Jeff the Killer

title: Jeffrey (name)