text:
User talk:Babbage

Hi! eh Leave me a message. I love messages.

Short story: I like language, programming, translation, the internet, and Wikipedia. I'm happy to help out with anything relating to Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, or (less capably) with any of the other languages listed on my user page.

User talk:Babbage/Discussion Archive I II

Hall
I had been writing nonsense about Basic English here yesterday and now erase it. But the pdf link shows only blank pages (my fault?).--Radh (talk) 00:49, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Voth?
Hi there! If you should run out of names, please write something about Henry Voth (Mennonist missionari and Hopi linguist and anthropologist and Kodak no. 1 photographer), not a nice guy, but important. I will do something about Matthews this weekend (my bloody labtop exploded two days ago and this thing I use now goes dark every 10 minutes or so, so have to think about something there).--Radh (talk) 19:29, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I guess I can do not much more on Voth at the moment, have to read Trotta first. But i am glad you forced me to do some useful work here for a change. If you are interested in old photographs, some Hopi, here is a link to an italian exposition of Aby Warburg photos (met Voth at Oraibi in 1895)

Hidatsa language
"Wondering what the rationale for redirecting Hidatsa language to Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation is?" There was none, which is why I deleted the redirect. --Golbez (talk) 18:36, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Paul Platero
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Paul Platero, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern:
 * Fails WP:ACADEMIC

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Ray Talk 02:36, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Jonathan Meades, an english essayist once cited a nasty remark made by a lowlife friend to a girlfiend: "And what does a slug like you know about Mozart". User Babbage is a great guy, he also seems to know a lot about linguists and anthropologists and so please wouldn't it be nice if people who obviously do not know anything about those topics leave him well alone.--Radh (talk) 10:54, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the kind words Radh. I already removed the proposed deletion template from the article; anyone who is familiar with the huge field of Athabascan linguistics will recognize his importance immediately. babbage (talk) 15:34, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Very glad to hear that.--Radh (talk) 15:54, 10 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Do you read German? Just found a very good article on Eugene Buechel, S. J. and Dakota linguist on Wikipedia.de.--Radh (talk) 06:01, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

Just FYI.....
DC 8 (talk)

--NBahn (talk) 04:35, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Leanne Hinton
A tag has been placed on Leanne Hinton requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles - see the Article Wizard.

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Students of Boas
Would you by any chance know of any (lesser known) students of Boas? Some guys on german WP have started to work on Boas, his family and his very famous and some not that famous students (Esther Goldfrank, Elsie Parsons). They have pretty much covered the lot. I have started making notes on Ruth Bunzel, Gene Weltfish and Jane Belo (whom I for one knew nothing about).

But if you know of people like Belo on top of your head, it would be nice. Or if you know of any useful frely available Anthropologists sites, that might be useful here. I still have no really useful library at hand.

Anyway, I am glad you have come back to WP, I have concentrated on the german WP in the last months and was really afraid you might have had it.--Radh (talk) 08:27, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Question
I saw you're listed as a translator of Portuguese-English on Wikipedia. I wanted to ask for help with Ram Narayan, which is really bare. Would you be so kind to translate the introduction from English into Portuguese? Thank you very much! Hekerui (talk) 22:54, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Hi Hekerui, Ram Narayan is a very nice article, I wish I could translate the whole thing to Portuguese; however, I'm not a native speaker of Portuguese, so I'm better at translating from Portuguese to English. I could probably produce something comprehensible at least (and useful as a base for native speakers to correct on pt.wikipedia.org), but it would take me a really long time to do the whole thing. I would be willing to try to do a couple sections, though. Which sections do you think would be most worth the effort? babbage 04:53, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Just the introduction, it summarizes the article. Thank you! Hekerui (talk) 08:38, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks!! Hekerui (talk) 09:13, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

Cahuilla language
Hi, since you have a language background, would you be willing to look over this article whenever you get the time? I created it since I thought it was a glaring omission, but I do not have any background in linguistics. Any improvements/corrections appreciated. Cheers, -Uyvsdi (talk) 21:39, 14 December 2009 (UTC)Uyvsdi

Ashvaghosha
Regarding this addition, could you give me the exact quote please? I thought that BHS and classical Sanskrit were roughly the same age. Thanks, Mitsube (talk) 20:45, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Babbage! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 4 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 16:46, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Hernán Rivera Letelier -
 * 2) Lia Wyler -
 * 3) Cazé Peçanha -
 * 4) Carlos Vereza -

Nomination for deletion of Template:User unicode
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MfD nomination of Template:User unicode
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Maps
Hi there, I guess there is a science for everything, for social maps see Otto Neurath and his artist Gerd Arntz. I rather like your color sense (although I would say that?). Ralf.--Radh (talk) 07:10, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Wak
Hello, I've proposed merging (really, re-directing) the Wak article, which you created, to Waaq. Please see my comments at Talk:Waaq. Is there anything in "Wak" that you feel does, or does not belong, in "Waaq"? I believe they are about the same subject, though until now I did not know about the Ugandan usage. Thanks, -- Gyrofrog (talk) 19:46, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Concerning my contributions to Essie Pinola
I understand you removed my contributions to Essie Pinola Parrish. What did I do wrong? I added a link to where I got the information from, so I did not copyright. Did I cite incorrectly or is there a Wikipedia standard I am unaware of? Please help so I do not make the same mistake in the future! It saddens me that there is only one sentance about that great Kashaya Pomo woman. —Preceding unsigned comment added by -UniteTheWorld- (talk • contribs) 01:59, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Hupa Verbs
Babbage: You're currently working on the Hupa language article, and there's something that's been in the article for a long time that I'd often wondered about and now believe to be incorrect. Specifically, the claim about the paucity of nouns in the language is incorrect: "Morphologically, it is remarkable for having an extremely small number— perhaps less than one hundred— of basic (monomorphemic) nouns, as nearly all nouns in the language are derived from verbs." This is demonstrably false as the 1905 Goddard reference shows 130 nouns straight off the bat in the first 20 pages. (Not all are morphophonemic, but the non-compound morphemes for the obligately affixed nouns seem to all be unique.) Furthermore there is discussion of verb nominalization on page 21-23 and while the morphology seems to be more elaborated than in Western Indo-European languages, it's nothing as dramatically novel as this statement, certainly not showing that "nearly all nouns in the language are derived from verbs." Part of my eagerness to get rid of the statement is that it's not referenced.

I left this comment here because the Hupa article doesn't seem to get a lot of traffic. I'm a new Wikipedian so I don't know the etiquette; should I go ahead and make the change or is it better for me to go through someone who has a long-term commitment to the article like yourself? Thanks. Michaeldcaton (talk) 21:52, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of LaVerne Jeanne

The article LaVerne Jeanne has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * '''A search for references failed to find significant coverage in reliable sources to comply with notability requirements. This included web searches for news coverage, books, and journals, which can be seen from the following links:

LaVerne Jeanne – news, books, scholar Consequently, this article is about a subject that appears to lack sufficient notability.'''

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Hi!
Hi there Babbage! (Do you want to keep your real name secret here?) This is Brook. Good to see you on Wiki! I mostly work on the Zapotec pages. No where near as devoted as you! Impressive :) Blillehaugen (talk) 01:22, 22 September 2010 (UTC)

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Did Inglip send you? ALTON   .ıl  12:54, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

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Indki are not Hindki
Dear Sir I find you is discussion forum at Hindkowan page. In my opinion, District Indkai and Faryab province seems to be place of Migration of Indki (Hindki) to recent location. They migrated to recent places alongth with Baluchs and Pashtu speaker. and Pashtun call them Inkai as singular and Indki as plural perhaps with the reference of their previous location as later they lost their native language. Some how they got segregated by main tribes because of change in native language.The same happend with Niazi's and Baluch's of D.G.khan when they married local girls so there is possibility of change in native language but important is blood line and the tribes speaking Indko dialects share some Jew wedding and funeral customs throughout Pakistan, in addition to Islamic customs which resembles them more with Afghans as compared to Indian tribes. if it is derived from Hind Why Hindki term is not used for Punjabi's of lahore. Culturally these tribes are more close to Pashtun and Baluch. It is strange while that within punjab the indentity with Hindko is seldom found and commonly used word in history for a country is is Bharat instead of Hindostan. Most of Historian confused their origin with by using incorrectly the using the word Hindki. please oblige me with your opinion?Zarrigul (talk) 14:31, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

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Bhutan languages annotated image
I saw you wanted to make the annotated image bigger at languages of Bhutan. It's objectively a pain in the butt. Seeing as I made it that small, I'd be glad to resize for you. JFHJr (㊟) 05:27, 9 October 2011 (UTC)

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Hello Babbage! On the talk page I've suggested renaming WikiProject Native languages of California, as WikiProject Indigenous languages of California. This would be consistent with the name of the Category:Indigenous languages of California, and the discussion in its deletion debate. Do you concur? Djembayz (talk) 01:07, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Babbage


text:
Maria Rodriguez

Maria Rodriguez may refer to:

 * Ana María Rodríguez (alpine skier) (born 1962), Spanish former alpine skier
 * Ana María Rodríguez (writer) (born 1958), American children's author
 * Maria Rodriguez (Algerian swimmer) in Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre butterfly
 * Maria Rodriguez (bowler), see Colombia at the 2019 Pan American Games
 * Maria Rodriguez (Venezuelan swimmer) (born 1978), competed in Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre butterfly
 * María Rodríguez (volleyball), (born 1946), Mexican volleyball player
 * María Ángeles Rodríguez (born 1957), Spanish field hockey player and 1992 Olympic gold medalist
 * María Cecilia Rodríguez (born 1967), Argentine politician
 * María Eugenia Rodríguez (born 1994), Venezuelan footballer
 * María Fernanda Rodríguez, Venezuelan university professor and activist
 * María Hilda Rodríguez Rodríguez (born 1955), Spanish boccia player
 * María Ignacia Rodríguez de Velasco y Osorio Barba (1778–1851), Mexico City socialite
 * Maria Rodriguez-Gregg (born 1981), member of the New Jersey General Assembly
 * Mala Rodríguez (born 1979), Spanish hip-hop singer
 * María José Rodríguez, Spanish rhythmic gymnast

Characters

 * Maria Figueroa Rodriguez, a character on the American children's television show Sesame Street
 * Maria Rodriguez, a character in the Archie Comics series

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Maria Rodriguez


text:
Bio-inspired computing

Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates to connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Within computer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning. Bio-inspired computing is a major subset of natural computation.

History
Early Ideas

The ideas behind biological computing trace back to 1936 and the first description of an abstract computer, which is now known as a Turing machine. Turing firstly described the abstract construct using a biological specimen. Turing imagined a mathematician that has three important attributes. He always has a pencil with an eraser, an unlimited number of papers and a working set of eyes. The eyes allow the mathematician to see and perceive any symbols written on the paper while the pencil allows him to write and erase any symbols that he wants. Lastly, the unlimited paper allows him to store anything he wants memory. Using these ideas he was able to describe an abstraction of the modern digital computer. However Turing mentioned that anything that can perform these functions can be considered such a machine and he even said that even electricity should not be required to describe digital computation and machine thinking in general.

Neural Networks

First described in 1943 by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts, neural networks are a prevalent example of biological systems inspiring the creation of computer algorithms. They first mathematically described that a system of simplistic neurons was able to produce simple logical operations such as logical conjunction, disjunction and negation. They further showed that a system of neural networks can be used to carry out any calculation that requires finite memory. Around 1970 the research around neural networks slowed down and many consider a 1969 book by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert as the main cause. Their book showed that neural network models were able only model systems that are based on boolean functions that are true only after a certain threshold value. Such functions are also known as threshold functions. The book also showed that a large amount of systems cannot be represented as such meaning that a large amount of systems cannot be modeled by neural networks. Another book by James Rumelhart and David McClelland in 1986 brought neural networks back to the spotlight by demonstrating the linear back-propagation algorithm something that allowed the development of multi-layered neural networks that did not adhere to those limits.

Ant Colonies

Douglas Hofstadter in 1979 described an idea of a biological system capable of performing intelligent calculations even though the individuals comprising the system might not be intelligent. More specifically, he gave the example of an ant colony that can carry out intelligent tasks together but each individual ant cannot exhibiting something called "emergent behavior." Azimi et al. in 2009 showed that what they described as the "ant colony" algorithm, a clustering algorithm that is able to output the number of clusters and produce highly competitive final clusters comparable to other traditional algorithms. Lastly Hölder and Wilson in 2009 concluded using historical data that ants have evolved to function as a single "superogranism" colony. A very important result since it suggested that group selection evolutionary algorithms coupled together with algorithms similar to the "ant colony" can be potentially used to develop more powerful algorithms.

Areas of research
Some areas of study in biologically inspired computing, and their biological counterparts:

Artificial intelligence
Bio-Inspired computing can be distinguished from traditional artificial intelligence by its approach to computer learning. Bio-inspired computing uses an evolutionary approach, while traditional A.I. uses a 'creationist' approach. Bio-inspired computing begins with a set of simple rules and simple organisms which adhere to those rules. Over time, these organisms evolve within simple constraints. This method could be considered bottom-up or decentralized. In traditional artificial intelligence, intelligence is often programmed from above: the programmer is the creator, and makes something and imbues it with its intelligence.

Virtual Insect Example
Bio-inspired computing can be used to train a virtual insect. The insect is trained to navigate in an unknown terrain for finding food equipped with six simple rules:

The virtual insect controlled by the trained spiking neural network can find food after training in any unknown terrain. After several generations of rule application it is usually the case that some forms of complex behaviour emerge. Complexity gets built upon complexity until the result is something markedly complex, and quite often completely counterintuitive from what the original rules would be expected to produce (see complex systems). For this reason, when modeling the neural network, it is necessary to accurately model an in vivo network, by live collection of "noise" coefficients that can be used to refine statistical inference and extrapolation as system complexity increases.
 * turn right for target-and-obstacle left;
 * turn left for target-and-obstacle right;
 * turn left for target-left-obstacle-right;
 * turn right for target-right-obstacle-left;
 * turn left for target-left without obstacle;
 * turn right for target-right without obstacle.

Natural evolution is a good analogy to this method–the rules of evolution (selection, recombination/reproduction, mutation and more recently transposition) are in principle simple rules, yet over millions of years have produced remarkably complex organisms. A similar technique is used in genetic algorithms.

Brain-inspired computing
Brain-inspired computing refers to computational models and methods that are mainly based on the mechanism of the brain, rather than completely imitating the brain. The goal is to enable the machine to realize various cognitive abilities and coordination mechanisms of human beings in a brain-inspired manner, and finally achieve or exceed Human intelligence level.

Research
Artificial intelligence researchers are now aware of the benefits of learning from the brain information processing mechanism. And the progress of brain science and neuroscience also provides the necessary basis for artificial intelligence to learn from the brain information processing mechanism. Brain and neuroscience researchers are also trying to apply the understanding of brain information processing to a wider range of science field. The development of the discipline benefits from the push of information technology and smart technology and in turn brain and neuroscience will also inspire the next generation of the transformation of information technology.

The influence of brain science on Brain-inspired computing
Advances in brain and neuroscience, especially with the help of new technologies and new equipment, support researchers to obtain multi-scale, multi-type biological evidence of the brain through different experimental methods, and are trying to reveal the structure of bio-intelligence from different aspects and functional basis. From the microscopic neurons, synaptic working mechanisms and their characteristics, to the mesoscopic network connection model, to the links in the macroscopic brain interval and their synergistic characteristics, the multi-scale structure and functional mechanisms of brains derived from these experimental and mechanistic studies will provide important inspiration for building a future brain-inspired computing model.

Brain-inspired chip
Broadly speaking, brain-inspired chip refers to a chip designed with reference to the structure of human brain neurons and the cognitive mode of human brain. Obviously, the "neuromorphic chip" is a brain-inspired chip that focuses on the design of the chip structure with reference to the human brain neuron model and its tissue structure, which represents a major direction of brain-inspired chip research. Along with the rise and development of “brain plans” in various countries, a large number of research results on neuromorphic chips have emerged, which have received extensive international attention and are well known to the academic community and the industry. For example, EU-backed SpiNNaker and BrainScaleS, Stanford's Neurogrid, IBM's TrueNorth, and Qualcomm's Zeroth.

TrueNorth is a brain-inspired chip that IBM has been developing for nearly 10 years. The US DARPA program has been funding IBM to develop pulsed neural network chips for intelligent processing since 2008. In 2011, IBM first developed two cognitive silicon prototypes by simulating brain structures that could learn and process information like the brain. Each neuron of a brain-inspired chip is cross-connected with massive parallelism. In 2014, IBM released a second-generation brain-inspired chip called "TrueNorth." Compared with the first generation brain-inspired chips, the performance of the TrueNorth chip has increased dramatically, and the number of neurons has increased from 256 to 1 million; the number of programmable synapses has increased from 262,144 to 256 million; Subsynaptic operation with a total power consumption of 70 mW and a power consumption of 20 mW per square centimeter. At the same time, TrueNorth handles a nuclear volume of only 1/15 of the first generation of brain chips. At present, IBM has developed a prototype of a neuron computer that uses 16 TrueNorth chips with real-time video processing capabilities. The super-high indicators and excellence of the TrueNorth chip have caused a great stir in the academic world at the beginning of its release.

In 2012, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) and the French Inria collaborated to develop the first chip in the world to support the deep neural network processor architecture chip "Cambrian". The technology has won the best international conferences in the field of computer architecture, ASPLOS and MICRO, and its design method and performance have been recognized internationally. The chip can be used as an outstanding representative of the research direction of brain-inspired chips.

Unclear Brain mechanism cognition
The human brain is a product of evolution. Although its structure and information processing mechanism are constantly optimized, compromises in the evolution process are inevitable. The cranial nervous system is a multi-scale structure. There are still several important problems in the mechanism of information processing at each scale, such as the fine connection structure of neuron scales and the mechanism of brain-scale feedback. Therefore, even a comprehensive calculation of the number of neurons and synapses is only 1/1000 of the size of the human brain, and it is still very difficult to study at the current level of scientific research. Recent advances in brain simulation linked individual variability in human cognitive processing speed and fluid intelligence to the balance of excitation and inhibition in structural brain networks, functional connectivity, winner-take-all decision-making and attractor working memory.

Unclear Brain-inspired computational models and algorithms
In the future research of cognitive brain computing model, it is necessary to model the brain information processing system based on multi-scale brain neural system data analysis results, construct a brain-inspired multi-scale neural network computing model, and simulate multi-modality of brain in multi-scale. Intelligent behavioral ability such as perception, self-learning and memory, and choice. Machine learning algorithms are not flexible and require high-quality sample data that is manually labeled on a large scale. Training models require a lot of computational overhead. Brain-inspired artificial intelligence still lacks advanced cognitive ability and inferential learning ability.

Constrained Computational architecture and capabilities
Most of the existing brain-inspired chips are still based on the research of von Neumann architecture, and most of the chip manufacturing materials are still using traditional semiconductor materials. The neural chip is only borrowing the most basic unit of brain information processing. The most basic computer system, such as storage and computational fusion, pulse discharge mechanism, the connection mechanism between neurons, etc., and the mechanism between different scale information processing units has not been integrated into the study of brain-inspired computing architecture. Now an important international trend is to develop neural computing components such as brain memristors, memory containers, and sensory sensors based on new materials such as nanometers, thus supporting the construction of more complex brain-inspired computing architectures. The development of brain-inspired computers and large-scale brain computing systems based on brain-inspired chip development also requires a corresponding software environment to support its wide application.

title: Bio-inspired computing