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Sealing (Mormonism)

Sealing is an ordinance (ritual) performed in Latter Day Saint temples by a person holding the sealing authority. The purpose of this ordinance is to seal familial relationships, making possible the existence of family relationships throughout eternity. Sealings are typically performed as marriages or as sealing of children to parents. They were performed prior to the death of Joseph Smith (the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement), and are currently performed in the largest of the faiths that came from the movement, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). LDS Church teachings place great importance on the specific authority required to perform these sealings. Church doctrine teaches that this authority, called the priesthood, corresponds to that given to Saint Peter in.

Sealings
Faithful Latter Day Saints believe civil marriages are dissolved at death, but that a couple who has been sealed in a temple will be married beyond physical death and the resurrection if they remain faithful. This means that in the afterlife they and their family will be together forever. An illustrative difference in the marriage ceremony performed in the LDS Church's temples is the replacement of the words "until death do us part" with "for time and all eternity".

The LDS Church recognizes other monogamous, heterosexual marriages, both civil and religious, although they believe that such marriages will not continue after death because eternal marriages must be performed by priesthood authority. Eternal marriages are also performed vicariously for the deceased, of effect after receiving all other saving ordinances. As with sealings of living persons, they are sealed with their spouse and their children.

Couples who have children born to them before being sealed may have their children sealed to them afterwards. Couples who have children after being sealed need not have their children sealed to them in a separate ceremony. Children born to sealed parents are born in the covenant and are automatically sealed to their parents. Adopted children may be sealed to their adoptive parents once the adoption has been legally finalized.

The union of a sealed couple is regarded as valid only if both individuals have kept their religious covenants and followed Christ's teachings. Just as deceased individuals may refuse any temple ordinance (such as a sealing) done by proxy on their behalf, couples, parents, and children who were sealed to each other in life may refuse to accept a sealing of which they were a part. No one will be sealed to any one with whom they do not want to be sealed.

Only worthy members of the LDS Church, who hold current valid temple recommends, can attend and witness sealings. Non-member family and friends generally wait in the temple waiting room during the sealing ceremony.

Since the LDS Church rejects same-sex marriages, these unions are not performed in temples and are not recognized by the church.

Ceremony and vows
A temple sealing for a living couple has the man and woman kneel on opposite sides of an altar in a temple sealing room while wearing ceremonial temple robes. They grasp each other's right hand while facing double mirrors that create an infinite reflection. The male sealer then reads the following vows to groom (and then repeats the same vows with the changes noted in parentheses) to which they are to respond "yes".

"Brother _[last name]_, do you take Sister _[last name]_ by the right hand and receive her unto yourself to be your lawfully wedded wife (give yourself to him to be his lawfully wedded wife, and receive him to be your lawfully wedded husband), for time and all eternity, with a covenant and promise that you will observe and keep all the laws, rites, and ordinances pertaining to this holy order of matrimony in the new and everlasting covenant; and this you do in the presence of God, angels, and these witnesses of your own free will and choice?"

They are then pronounced husband and wife and promised blessings.

Civil recognition
Not all countries recognize marriages performed by clergy outside of the state religion. In these cases, temple marriages are not seen as legally binding, and a civil marriage must also be performed. In other cases, marriages must be performed in a public forum for any to witness or formally object. In such circumstances, government representatives or authorized clergy will perform the civilly-recognized public wedding prior to the temple sealing.

 * In the United States and some other countries, bishops, stake presidents, and temple sealers have the civil authority to perform marriages. Marriages performed in the temple by a temple sealer are recognized by the government.
 * In the United Kingdom the law requires that a marriage be performed at a public ceremony (the same also holds true for Austria). Since attendance at a temple sealing is restricted, a couple will be married locally by a person who is duly authorized to perform marriages. This person will usually be a registrar of marriages. The marriage can be performed at the local registrar's office, or in some cases at an LDS meetinghouse. Some bishops or branch presidents have been officially given the title of a deputy registrar, and as such are legally able to perform a civil ceremony in the meetinghouse. The couple will then travel to the nearest LDS temple (London or Preston) for their temple sealing.
 * In Brazil, all marriages must be performed in the state in which the couple resides. Since not all Brazilian states have a temple within their boundaries, the couple may then have their sealing performed at the nearest temple upon completion of the civil marriage. Also, according to Brazilian law, the sealing is recognized by the government as long as it respects the requirements for a civil marriage.
 * In several countries (e.g. Argentina, Mexico, Germany) all marriages are performed at the local municipality by a registrar who is duly authorized to perform marriages. The couple will then go to the temple to have the sealing ordinance performed.

In May 2019, the LDS Church removed a prior one-year waiting period of couples deemed to be worthy between civil and temple marriage. In countries where a civil ceremony is required before marriage, the couples must receive their sealing as soon as practical after the civil ceremony.

Cancellation
Although a divorce dissolves a civilly-recognized marriage, the church still recognizes a sealing as binding. A couple who has been sealed may request to have their sealing canceled, which generally only occurs under special circumstances, and is only granted by the church's president. Some refer to this informally as a "temple divorce", but the terminology designated by church leaders is "cancellation of a sealing". If a sealing is canceled, the sealing between them and any children remains in force, though the couple is no longer sealed. The sealing together of husband and wife and the sealing of children to parents are separate ordinances.

A cancellation typically follows after a civil divorce when a woman seeks to be sealed to another man. A man must apply for a sealing clearance to marry another woman after he has been civilly divorced, even if he has already received a cancellation of sealing.

Legacy of plural marriage
It has been argued that the LDS Church's policy on sealings and cancellations reflect its doctrine of plural marriage. Although plural marriage is currently prohibited in the church, a man can be sealed to multiple women, in the case of widowers who are sealed to both their deceased and living wives. Additionally, men who are dead may be sealed by proxy to all women to whom they were legally married while alive. Recent changes in church policy also allow women to be sealed to multiple men, but only after both she and her husband(s) are dead.

LDS Church doctrine is not entirely specific on the status of men or women who are sealed by proxy to multiple spouses. There are at least two possibilities:

 * 1) Regardless of how many people a man or woman is sealed to by proxy, they will only remain with one of them in the afterlife, and that the remaining spouses, who might still merit the full benefits of exaltation that come from being sealed, would then be given to another person in order to ensure each has an eternal marriage.
 * 2) These sealings create effective plural marriages that will continue after death. There are no church teachings clarifying whether polyandrous relationships can exist in the afterlife, so some church members doubt whether this possibility would apply to women who are sealed by proxy to multiple spouses. The possibility for women to be sealed to multiple men is a recent policy change enacted in 1998. Church leaders have neither explained this change, nor its doctrinal implications. Proxy sealings, like proxy baptisms, are merely offered to the person in the afterlife.

title: Sealing (Mormonism)


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Merrion Square

Merrion Square is a Georgian garden square on the southside of Dublin city centre.

History
The square was laid out in 1762 to a plan by John Smyth and Jonathan Barker for the estate of Viscount FitzWilliam. Samuel Sproule later laid out the East side around 1780 and the gardens were created through a competition won by Benjamin Simpson in 1792 with thanks to drawings created by John James Barralet. All of the surrounding houses were largely complete by the beginning of the 19th century.

The demand for such Georgian townhouse residences south of the River Liffey had been fuelled by the decision of the then Earl of Kildare (later the Duke of Leinster) to build his Dublin home on the then undeveloped southside. He constructed the largest aristocratic residence in Dublin, Leinster House, second only to Dublin Castle.

Aristocrats, bishops and the wealthy sold their northside townhouses and migrated to the new southside developments.

Legacy
All the original 18th century properties in Merrion Square have survived to the present day except for Antrim House which was demolished to make way for the National Maternity Hospital in the 1930s. Three sides are lined with Georgian redbrick townhouses; the West side abuts the grounds of Leinster House (seat of the Oireachtas), Government Buildings, the Natural History Museum and the National Gallery. The central railed-off garden is now a public park.

The Wellington Testimonial to commemorate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, was originally planned to be located in Merrion Square. However it was built in the Phoenix Park after opposition from the square's residents.

Occupancy

Until about the 1950s, the houses in the square were largely residential, but today most of them are used for office accommodation. The Irish Red Cross, the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland and the Irish Georgian Society have their headquarters on the square. The National Maternity Hospital is on the North terrace. The poet, novelist, and satirist Oscar Wilde lived at No. 1, poet W. B. Yeats lived at No. 82, and Daniel O'Connell at No. 58, the latter of which is now known as the O'Connell House, home to the Keough Naughton Centre of the University of Notre Dame, an American college. The fashion and interior designer Sybil Connolly lived at No. 71. A number of houses in the square have plaques with historical information on former notable residents, including A.E. (George William Russell) and Sheridan Le Fanu. Despite the square being largely occupied by commercial entities, there are still several residents, including fashion designer Louise Kennedy and tycoon Dermot Desmond.

Until 1972 the British Embassy was based at No 39. However, following the Bloody Sunday shootings in Northern Ireland, a crowd of over 20,000 people converged on the site in protest and the building was burnt to the ground. Currently, the Embassies of France, Korea and Slovakia are based on the south side of the square and the Church of Scientology's National Affairs Office has been housed at No 4 on the north side since October 2016.

Park
The earliest plan of the park shows a double line of trees around the perimeter which was later enclosed by railings in the early years of the 19th century. A Jardin Anglaise approach was adopted for the layout of the park with contoured grass areas, informal tree clumps, sunken curved paths and perimeter planting.

Up until 1974 the park was only open to residents in possession of a private key. Now managed by Dublin City Council, the park contains a statue of Oscar Wilde, who resided in No. 1, Merrion Square from 1855 to 1876, many other sculptures and a collection of old Dublin lamp standards. Irish-American sculptor Jerome Connor, best known for his work "Nuns of the Battlefield" in Washington D.C., designed the public art piece, "Eire". The park also contains a sculpture of a Joker's Chair in memory of Father Ted star Dermot Morgan.

The park in the square was called "Archbishop Ryan Park", after Dermot Ryan, the Catholic archbishop who transferred ownership to the city. In 2009, Dermot Ryan was criticised in the Murphy Report; in January 2010, Dublin City Council sought public views on renaming the Park. In September 2010, the City Council voted to rename the park as Merrion Square Park.

The park was also used by the St John Ambulance Brigade for annual events such as review and first aid competitions. The organisation was founded in 1903 by Sir John Lumsden K.B.E., M.D. During this time Dr Lumsden was living nearby at 4 Fitzwilliam Place. He was the chief medical officer at the Guinness brewery and practised at Mercer's Hospital.

During the First World War, both St. John Ambulance and the British Red Cross Society worked together in a joint effort as part of the war effort. This ensured services did not overlap with each other. Both organisations were a familiar sight among Irish people but particularly at Merrion Square where St. John Ambulance operated for almost 50 years. The headquarters of St. John Ambulance was situated at 40 Merrion Square during WWI later moving to 14 Merrion Square. Today they are located at Lumsden House, 29 Upper Leeson Street, Dublin 4 (see St John Ambulance archive for further info).

Notable residents
Merrion Square was a fashionable address for politicians, lawyers, doctors and writers. Notable residents include;

 * The Rev'd Gilbert Austin (1753–1837) – Educator, clergyman and author
 * The Very Reverend Henry Montague Browne (1799–1884) – Dean of Lismore of The Church of Ireland
 * Sybil Connolly (1921–1998) – Fashion & Interior Designer
 * Sir Dominic Corrigan (1802–1880) – Physician
 * Sir Philip Crampton (1777–1858) – Surgeon
 * Dermot Desmond (born 1950) – Irish financier
 * Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816) – Irish peer and musical antiquarian
 * William Fletcher (1750–1823) – judge and politician
 * John Leslie Foster (1781–1842) – Barrister, judge and MP
 * Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne (1837–1913) – Lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland
 * Violet Gibson (1876–1956) – daughter of Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne; attempted assassin of Benito Mussolini
 * Henry Grattan (1746–1820) – Politician and MP
 * Robert James Graves (1796–1853) – Surgeon
 * Charles Hemphill, 1st Baron Hemphill (1822–1908) – Politician and barrister
 * Louise Kennedy (born 1960) – Irish fashion designer
 * George Knox (1765–1827) – Politician and MP
 * Valentine Lawless, 2nd Baron Cloncurry (1773–1853) – Politician and landowner
 * Sheridan Le Fanu (1814–1873) – Writer
 * Robert Dyer Lyons (1826–1886) – Physician and MP
 * Sir Henry Marsh (1790–1860) – Surgeon
 * Richard Bolton McCausland (1810–1900) – Surgeon
 * John Henry North (1788–1831) – Barrister, judge and MP
 * Daniel O'Connell (1775–1847) – Politician and MP
 * Edward Pennefather (1774–1847) – Judge
 * Richard Pennefather (1773–1859) – Judge
 * David Richard Pigot (1796–1873) – Judge
 * Sir Andrew Porter (1837–1919) – Judge
 * George William Russell (1867–1935) – Poet and painter
 * John Stratford, 1st Earl of Aldborough (1698–1777) – Irish Peer and MP
 * Whitley Stokes (1830–1909) – Lawyer and Celtic scholar
 * William Stokes Snr (1804–1878) – Physician
 * William Stokes Jnr (1838–1900) – Surgeon
 * John Lighton Synge (1897–1995) – Physicist
 * Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) – Writer and poet
 * Sir William Wilde (1815–1876) – Writer and surgeon
 * W. B. Yeats (1865–1939) – Poet, playwright and Senator

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Merrion Square


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Edward Stafford (politician)

Sir Edward William Stafford (23 April 1819 – 14 or 15 February 1901) served as the third premier of New Zealand on three occasions in the mid 19th century. His total time in office is the longest of any leader without a political party. He is described as pragmatic, logical, and clear-sighted.

Early life and career
Edward William Stafford was born on 23 April 1819 in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of Berkeley Buckingham Stafford (High Sheriff of Louth in 1828) and Anne, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Tytler. His family was prosperous, enabling him to receive a good education, first at the Royal School Dungannon in Ireland where he excelled as a scholar, and then at Trinity College Dublin. In 1841–1842, he undertook travel in Australia, but chose to join relatives in Nelson, New Zealand in 1843, where he soon became active in politics, criticising Governor Robert FitzRoy's "weak" response to the Wairau Affray. In 1850, he joined increasing calls for New Zealand's self-government, including universal suffrage.

In 1853, Stafford became the first Superintendent of Nelson Province. Among his achievements was the establishment of an education system (compulsory, free, and secular) which was later used as the basis of the national system. His administration of Nelson Province was well regarded by many.

When the New Zealand Parliament was opened, however, Stafford did not seek election, claiming that it was inappropriate to enter national politics while still holding provincial office. Despite requests from politicians such as Henry Sewell, Stafford declined to stand for parliament until the election of 1855, when he was elected MP for Nelson.

First term
When the position of Premier was created in 1856, Stafford refused to compete for the office. Instead, it was taken by Sewell. Sewell's term, however, lasted only thirteen days, after which he was replaced by William Fox. Stafford refused offers of a ministerial position from both leaders. When Fox's government fell, having lasted exactly the same number of days as Sewell's, Stafford was deemed the only suitable candidate remaining, and agreed to become Premier. Stafford to date remains the youngest New Zealand Prime Minister on gaining office at 37 years, 5 weeks of age.

Among Stafford's first acts as Premier were measures to define the relationship between central and provincial government. Also notable was the unofficial establishment of Cabinet, which met independently of the official Executive Council. This meant that much government business was conducted without the presence of the Governor, straining relations between Governor Thomas Gore Browne and parliament.

Stafford also clashed with the Governor on the subject of the distribution of powers, particularly responsibility for dealings with Māori. Thomas Gore Browne, disdainful of the chaotic nature of the Sewell and Fox premierships, did not believe that parliament should have control over such an important matter, while Stafford pursued his old goal of democratic self-government. Stafford, on behalf of the new government, refused all responsibility for financing actions undertaken by the governor without parliament's approval.

In 1858 and 1859, Stafford was out of New Zealand, attempting to negotiate on the country's behalf for various services. His trip proved problematic, however – during his absence, his colleagues and Governor Browne agreed to force Māori into selling land at Waitara, despite Stafford's strong objections. Forcing Māori to sell their land triggered the First Taranaki War. Stafford condemned the decision on grounds of both economics and morality and considered resignation. Eventually, he chose to continue his premiership, but Stafford's views on relations with the Māori were eventually to cause his departure regardless – attacks by William Fox on Stafford's "weakness", and Stafford's lack of support for the Invasion of the Waikato, caused him to lose parliament's confidence by a single vote in July 1861. William Fox became Premier once again.

When Fox's government fell one year later, Stafford had the opportunity to become Premier again, but declined. His stated reason for doing so was his hostility to Governor George Grey, whom Stafford believed he would be unable to override on policy matters – Stafford did not wish to become Premier if the Governor would simply block his policies. Instead, Alfred Domett took the premiership. Domett's premiership has been described as "like a Stafford ministry without Stafford", although the invasion of the Waikato began in July 1863. Domett was replaced by Frederick Whitaker after little more than a year, but Whitaker himself only lasted a similar time before being replaced by Frederick Weld. Weld, like Domett, followed policies similar to Stafford, although did not enjoy good personal relations with him.

Second term
On 16 October 1865, when Weld retired due to ill health and stress, Stafford took up the premiership once again. As Premier, he continued Weld's legislative program, but reduced what he saw as Weld's excessive expenditure (this having been one of the issues that caused the dislike between the two men). His administration was marked by efficiency and frugality.

Stafford's relations with the Governor were gradually deteriorating. In particular, there was considerable debate over responsibility for financing military activity against Māori in the New Zealand Wars. Stafford took the view that the conflict was essentially an "imperial" one, started and promoted by the British authorities. He objected to the British view that the colonial parliament should have primary responsibility for crushing the "rebel" tribes, and ignored the Governor's complaints about drastically reduced military expenditure. When the British government finally surrendered responsibility for dealing with the Māori it demanded Stafford give substantial compensation for the costs of its military ventures. Stafford refused, and presented his own counter-claim for settler losses. In 1868, an agreement was reached where both sides would drop their claims.

Stafford's government maintained generally good relations with Māori for some time. This exemplified by the establishment of Māori seats in parliament in 1867, and by Stafford's request for the governor to pardon "rebel" Māori chiefs. The sudden military successes of Te Kooti and Titokowaru caused many to claim that Stafford's attempts at reconciliation had been misjudged. Stafford sought to call an election and gain a fresh mandate, but his move was blocked by Governor George Bowen, who had a strong dislike of Stafford. Stafford's government was defeated in 1869. His replacement was, once again, William Fox.

Third term
Fox's government became increasingly dominated by its financial leader, Julius Vogel, and Stafford began to focus on him rather than on Fox. Stafford did not greatly disapprove of Vogel's extensive public works plans, but complained that Vogel was reckless in their implementation. Fox's diminishing control over his administration eventually allowed Stafford to reclaim the premiership in 1872. Stafford's majority was small, however, and he was soon defeated in a vote of no confidence. With Bowen again refusing permission for an election, Stafford had no option but to resign. He was replaced by George Waterhouse.

Stafford briefly attempted to unify the opposition, but found too many disparate personalities. Increasingly, Stafford began to work with Julius Vogel – despite Stafford's criticism of Vogel's financial policies, and Vogel's role in ending Stafford's last premiership, the two shared many similar views. When Vogel became Premier, Stafford was offered a ministerial position, but declined on the grounds that he needed to attend to personal affairs.

Later life
Stafford resigned from Nelson on 19 November 1868, and was elected MP for Timaru on 20 November 1868. He represented that electorate until he resigned on 25 February 1878. When Vogel was seeking to retire, Stafford again had a chance to return to government, but again declined. Stafford retired in 1878, strongly disliking the new premiership of former governor George Grey.

Stafford spent considerable time in England, devoting himself to business pursuits. He was granted a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on his arrival, and was also offered governorships of Madras (now known as Chennai) and Queensland, which he declined. Upgraded to a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1887 Golden Jubilee Honours, Stafford died in London; sources differ whether this happened on 14 or 15 February 1901. He was survived by three daughters and three sons, the product of his marriage to Mary Bartley in 1859. Mary had died in 1899. A prior marriage to Emily Charlotte, daughter of William Wakefield, had been childless, with Emily having died in 1857 at the age of 29. Stafford's lifespan paralleled that of Queen Victoria – he was born 31 days before the queen in 1819, and died 24 days after her in 1901.

title: Edward Stafford (politician)


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Crouching Tiger (disambiguation)

Crouching Tiger (虎蹲, hu-dun; or; 臥虎, wo-hu) may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (臥虎藏龍), a 2000 U.S. Mandarin-language wuxia Hollywood film
 * Crouching Tiger (picture book), a picture book by Ying Chang Compestine
 * Wo Hu (臥虎, Crouching Tiger), a 2006 Hong Kong crime drama film

Military

 * Hu dun pao ("crouching tiger cannon"), a name given to a Ming dynasty bombard weapon and a Song dynasty trebuchet
 * Crouching Tiger Mountain (卧虎山, Wo Hu Shan), a bunker complex during the Taiyuan campaign
 * Crouching Tiger Village (卧虎屯, Wo Hu Tun), a stronghold during the Battle of Siping

title: Crouching Tiger (disambiguation)


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Talk:Differential heat treatment

Unlike makers of Japanese swords, traditional khukuri makers of Nepal and India do not wrap the spine of the blade in clay. They merely pour water down the cutting edge, allowing the residual heat to "heat treat" the blade, drawing brittleness.

Should the article be renamed?
Although I'm still in the middle of working on this article, the question of whether or not there should be two separate articles, (one on hardening and another on tempering), has been nagging me in the back of my mind. Personally, I'm leaning toward "not," because I think it's rather to useful to explain both in one article, which is better for highlighting the similarities and differences between the two techniques. Also, I think perhaps the two together may make a decent sized article. If so, perhaps differential heat treating would be a better title, using the other two a redirects. Differential heat treating is also a commonly used term, which I often see in my sources, but is broader, encompassing both techniques. However, it may also mean including short descriptions of modern versions of these techniques, like flame hardening, induction surface hardening, etc... (Might not be a bad thing.) Any thoughts or suggestions? Zaereth (talk) 19:23, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with the idea. The only thing that bugs me is the -ing form. Hardening, tempering, etc., don't have an easy alternative and are therefore used as nouns, but this is not the case with treating. Thus why not "Differential heat treatment"? This might be a matter of usage, which I can't tell as I normally don't read on this topic. I've just had a brief look in Google Books, and noticed that "differential heat treating" is used well as a noun, but often by non-academic or non-native English writers. Materialscientist (talk) 04:16, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
 * With heat treatment, it could go either way. Adding -ing in this case makes it a noun. Personally, heat treatment is just fine for me. I chose the other version because a while back User:Wizard191 changed the article "Heat treatment" to Heat treating, (for reasons I can't quite remember), so I was using that as a convention. If you prefer, "treatment" is jus fine with me. Zaereth (talk) 04:26, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. (It took me forever to find the "move" button.) I hope I did that correctly. I still need to write a new, broader lede, and tidy everything up a bit. I think this article could use some more modern stuff. There is also flame hardening and induction hardening, which I think deserve a short description, along with links to main articles. (Flame hardening is also used in knife making, although it is unsuitable for swords, due to the nature of the heat-affected zone.) Differential tempering is commonly used in manufacturing. For instance, Harvey and Krupp developed a method of differentially tempering steel plate, for battleship armor, back in the late 1800s. Localized tempering is often used on welds, where the entire object may be too large or awkward to heat and stress relieve evenly.Zaereth (talk) 19:22, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Differential annealing
I notice that differential annealing redirects to this article. This would seem appropriate if it was a metallurgical technique, but I can find no reference to it in those terms. It seems to be used frequently for differential equations, especially in artifical intelligence design. It is also a common term in DNA synthesis, but doesn't seem to be a common heat treating process for metals. It may simply be a misnomer for differential tempering, or possibly hardening. I don't know, but it doen't seem to have any common use in metallurgy. If anyone knows about this term and can add info to this article about it, or can redirect it to the correct article, your help waould be appreciated. Zaereth (talk) 00:40, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

History
The article said: ''Differential hardening techniques were originally developed in China, for making swords, and spread across the far-east, from Nepal to Korea and Japan. Later, methods of surface hardening were developed, by quickly heating in localized areas and then quenching, such as flame hardening and induction hardening. However, differential tempering techniques started with the blacksmiths of Europe, originally for making cutting tools, but was also applied to making knives and European-style broadswords. This process was later used in many forms of manufacture where a combination of strength and toughness (impact resistance) is needed, such as the construction of armor plating in early battleships. ''

I see a lot of claims and little evidence. The one source applies to one fact only. And I doubt that such a history section is useful in the summary. -- Zz (talk) 11:28, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

Reliable Sources
Anything sources that are used to verify the claims made in Wikipedia articles, must be Reliable Sources, as per Wikipeida's policy regarding sources: WP:RS.

Thus the inclusion of things, with the backing of sources that have been demonstrated to be unreliable, or which do not have any citations whatsoever, is not acceptable.--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 00:15, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Who has determined the sources to be unreliable? Are you able to provide sources which demonstrate that the information provided is false? If you are unable to provide sources showing that the sources provided are unreliable and false, then the information will go back into the article. Zaereth (talk) 02:38, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

 * "Who has determined the sources to be unreliable?"
 * I did ...and I explained the reasons for every removal, in my edit summaries. Is there anything about it, that you did not understand or agree with? ...or did you perhaps not read the summaries?
 * "Are you able to provide sources which demonstrate that the information provided is false?"
 * Irrelevant.
 * "If you are unable to provide sources showing that the sources provided are unreliable and false, then the information will go back into the article."
 * Nonsense. I only need to show that the sources are unreliable OR false. If the sources are unreliable, then they do not qualify as valid sources. Thus the statements do not verified, and have thus no place on Wikipedia. If the statements are false... again: they have no place on Wikipedia.
 * I have no need, nor obligation, to do both.

 * Your insistence that a source which is not a WP:Reliable source, still counts as being supporting a statement, and needs to be disproven for it to be removed, is not in keeping with Wikipedia policy and it is an example of shifting the burden of evidence. You are essentially making an argument from ignorance (i.e. "it's true, unless you can prove otherwise" ...whereas you actually can't say it's true, unless you can demonstrate that it is)--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 02:50, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

 * TheN, by all means, show us that. Do you expect us to simply take your word for it? If you have any knowledge or expertise, as you so seem to want us to believe, then please show us something other than your own personal opinions on the matter. Zaereth (talk) 02:57, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

 * "TheN, by all means, show us that."
 * Us? What do you mean by "us"? You are the only one who questions my edits.
 * As to evidence... It'll get a bit long so I'll put it at the end.
 * "If you have any knowledge or expertise, as you so seem to want us to believe"
 * I have never claimed to have any expertise. As to claiming to have knowledge... I've done so in informal chats on your user talk page. I have never claimed that what I write or remove, from a Wikipedia article, should be accepted due to any level of knowledge, or "authority" that I might have. This would be an invalid reason, arrogant and completely against the rules of Wikipedia, so I would never do so.
 * Please stop talking about irrelevant issues.
 * "then please show us something other than your own personal opinions on the matter."
 * My "personal opinion"!? I've pretty much never talked about by personal opinion (and when I have, I've made it clear that it was merely my opinion). I've talked about what I've heard/read from qualified experts/authorities! That is neither personal, nor mere opinion.

 * Now on to the evidence that the statements are not verified by reliable sources:
 * "Straight swords, such as ninjato, are often curved the wrong way before heating so that they straighten when quenched."
 * This lacks any source, whatsoever. To quote WP:V: "Any material that needs a source but does not have one may be removed."
 * "Edge on edge blocks with a katana can result in the formation of a large crack and a line for it to follow, causing the sword to break, and can be very dangerous to the sword wielder. "
 * This book is made by the founder and the former head of Nakamura-ryū and is about swordsmanship according to the teachings of Nakamura-ryū. The book itself is quite clear about this being the case (Amazon lets you preview a few pages of the book, so I checked the Foreword and Introduction. They were clear that the book was about Nakamura-ryū, rather than Japanese swordsmanship in general). If you read the Nakamura-ryū article (or any other source, especially from the Nakamura-ryū school itself) you will know that this is a very modern and unorthodox style, which is thus not representative of Japanese swordsmanship (certainly not of traditional swordsmanship). A google search of the book doesn't really give a lot of results and almost all of the results are book-stores, Amazon's page on it has only seven reviews of it, most of which are from practitioners of Nakamura-ryū...
 * "Samurai warriors of Japan were trained to block and parry with the sides of their swords, to protect the cutting edge. "
 * Please read Nick Evangelista or his biography on Amazon (which seems to be written by himself). Sure he's engaged in olympic fencing and classical fencing, but that is not relevant to Japanese swordsmanship, in any way. He has no qualifications in the subject of Japanese sword use.
 * As to the Book of Five Rings... I've looked through it and there is never any mention of what part of the sword you parry/block with.
 * "However, in combat with hacking-type swords, like broadswords, such an extremely hard edge is not always desirable, as blocking and parrying is often done with the edge. With these swords, it is generally desirable to have a more impact-resistant edge, even at the expense of the ability to hold that edge. The edge may need to be tempered to dark-straw or more to achieve this, and the center tempered to a blue or purple color. This leaves very little difference between the edge and the center, and the benefits of this method, over tempering the sword evenly (through tempering), may not be very substantial. However, a sword tempered in this way can usually be resharpened many times, and, although the hardness will decrease with each sharpening, the reduction in hardness will usually not be noticeable until a large amount of steel has been removed. "
 * The first reference is "Knife Talk II: The High Performance Blade By Ed Fowler – Krause Publications 2003 p. 115"
 * As I said in the edit summary: Swords are not knives.
 * The second reference does not talk about any "hacking-type swords", nor does it talk about "broadswords".--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 04:06, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

 * 1.) I am fine with the removal of the sentence about ninjato. There was no source supporting it, and in all of your edits, I missed that one. When many small edits are performed, it's simpler just to do a blanket revert, but sometimes things get missed.

 * 2.) You obviously have not read the source. Your opinions about whether the particular school is a good one or not are irrelevant. Here is a quote from the source:

 * "With these swords, we tested the effects on the blade of cutting through copper, forged iron, pig iron, and dried bamboo; and of striking to the back, the side, and the cutting edge of the blade while it was secured to a pedestal.

 * "In the blade-on blade experiments, sparks flew from the katana used to make the cut and a deep crack was cut into the one receiving the blow.

 * "It is very clear that blocking a cut on the edge of a blade in the kumitachi practice is very dangerous, and receiving it at a horizontal angle could even threaten the practitioner's life."

 * 3.) Your opinions of nick Evangelista are also irrelevant. If you bothered to read the sources you would see that Mr. Evangelista actually did his research. It is not necessary for an author to be, say ... an atomic physicist to research the subject and write a comprehensive book on it.

 * 4.) Have you read the Mr. Miyamoto's book in its original language? If so, are you qualified to translate it? On page 202 it says "The verb I translated as "slap" is haru';: it is connected with hariuke'', "a parry effectuated by slapping with the flat of the sword."

 * 5.) Just because someone forges knives doesn't make them unqualified to forge a sword, nor to write about it.

 * I can easily locate more sources. Your solution is simple. All that you need to do is find a source that recommends blocking and parrying with the edge, and we can adjust the text accordingly. Lacking that, we (the Wikipedia community that is also watching)cannot simply accept your word that the sources are full of crap. Zaereth (talk) 05:43, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

 * "I am fine with the removal of the sentence about ninjato. There was no source supporting it, and in all of your edits, I missed that one."
 * I suspected that might be the case. Well, as that was a mistake and it's been acknowledged as unsupported and fine to remove, that's fine.
 * "You obviously have not read the source."
 * How would that be relevant?
 * "Your opinions about whether the particular school is a good one or not are irrelevant."
 * ...and neither is yours. The opinions of the founder of the style, is also invalid, as he would naturally be heavily biased.
 * Furthermore, I never said anything concerning how good or bad Nakamura-ryū is.
 * More importantly: The quality of the style is completely irrelevant.
 * What is relevant, is that it does not represent Japanese swordsmanship, in general, and especially not Japanese swordsmanship in feudal times. Not only that, but it is a relatively small and obscure style (and thus coming in conflict with the WP:Undue weight policy).
 * "Your opinions of nick Evangelista are also irrelevant."
 * I did not voice any opinions. I stated facts.
 * "If you bothered to read the sources you would see that Mr. Evangelista actually did his research."
 * What sources, and what research?
 * "It is not necessary for an author to be, say ... an atomic physicist to research the subject and write a comprehensive book on it."
 * Maybe not, but in that case he/she would need to demonstrate that what he/she says is reliable, for it to be counted as reliable information. Say, for example, if he/she had atomic physicists read through the book and vouch for its accuracy.
 * If an atomic physicist writes a book on atomic physics, that counts as a reliable source, unless evidence shows otherwise. Why? Because his degree in atomic physics makes him count as, probably, reliable.
 * If a layman writes a book on atomic physics, that does not count as a reliable source, unless evidence shows otherwise. Why? Because there is nothing to show that the person is qualified or knowledgeable, unless other reliable sources can confirm it.
 * "Have you read the Mr. Miyamoto's book in its original language?"
 * How is that relevant?
 * "If so, are you qualified to translate it?"
 * There are plenty of people who are qualified to translate it.
 * Many have.
 * Thus you need not know Japanese, to have read the book.
 * "On page 202 it says "The verb I translated as "slap" is haru';: it is connected with hariuke, "a parry effectuated by slapping with the flat of the sword.""''
 * That is, of course, a translation note by the translator Tokitsu Kenji, rather than a statement of Miyamoto's.
 * You seem to interpret it as meaning that parries were done with the flat of the blade. I see absolutely no basis for this over-generalization. Just because there existed parries that could be made with the flat, that neither means, nor implies, that all, or most, parries were done with the flat.
 * Furthermore, just because "haru" is connected to "hariuke", doesn't mean that it always (or ever, neccesarily) means the same thing.
 * Furthermore, a word that usually refers to a specific type of parrying, might be used for parrying in general. Words that refer to a specific type of action, have often been used for a more general action, and vice versa. Such is the nature of language.
 * In the quote you cite, there is no clear claim that parries were always, or mostly, done with the flat, and certainly no mention of swordsmen being trained to parry in such a manner.
 * "Just because someone forges knives doesn't make them unqualified to forge a sword, nor to write about it."
 * That is true, but completely irrelevant. I don't really see what point you are trying to make here.
 * Sure, being able to forge knives doesn't make you incapable of forging a sword. How does that demonstrate that they are qualified to talk about swords?
 * "I can easily locate more sources."
 * I rather doubt that you'd be able to easily locate reliable sources, given your track record, but... sure. Locate them, then.
 * "All that you need to do is find a source that recommends blocking and parrying with the edge, and we can adjust the text accordingly."
 * Again: You are shifting the burden of evidence!
 * I have absolutely no obligation to find any such source, for me to remove your claims that they only/mainly parried with the back/flat.
 * Those statements are not verified by any Reliable Sources. Unverified claims can be removed, without impunity. Indeed they are removed with approval of Wikipedia Policy.
 * "that, we (the Wikipedia community that is also watching)cannot simply accept your word that the sources are full of crap."
 * So you claim to speak for the Wikipedia community, do you? You claim to know the opinions of the other editors, do you? You have absolutely no basis for that. With all due respect, that is rather arrogant of you.

 * Furthermore, what is this talk of "that is also watching"? What evidence do you have that anyone has noticed our discussion?
 * None.
 * Sure, there might be hundreds reading this discussion. Or no one. The only time at which we could say that someone else has read any of this, is when they themselves write something, and thus enter the discussion themselves.--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 22:33, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

 * If anyone prefers a more scientific explanation, just to clarify the types of forces involved, the greater the hardness of a material, the greater it resists wear. Thus, harder materials can hold an edge for a longer time and cut harder materials. The hardness of a typical Katana is around HRc 58-60. In comparison, the hardness of plate glass is around HRc 53. However, steel has higher shear strength than glass. At this hardness, 1065 carbon steel (0.6--0.7% C) has a shear strength of around 165,000 psi. The force of a hard blow from a sword can greatly exceed 4000 psi. That doesn't sound like much, but when you divide it by the actual surface area (I'm being generous at putting it at a ten-thousandth of an inch) you end up with 400,000 pounds of impact force, far exceeding the shear strength of the metal. This allows the sword with higher energy to cut a fairly good distance into the edge before the energy dissipates.

 * Unfortunately, carbon steel at this hardness cannot withstand the shearing forces. (It is this type of hardness that is typically found in scribes or planer blades.) The steel at this hardness also has a high degree of brittleness, which does not allow it to plastically deform to fit the wedge of the blade, so a crack develops. (A good hammer hardness is far better at absorbing impact by deforming to fit wedge, but still has the limits of shear strength. Thus, it can take the deep cuts without cracking, but can't hold an edge as long when cutting hard materials like bone.) Zaereth (talk) 03:02, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

 * None of that is relevant to how we should edit the Differential heat treatment article and is thus not relevant, nor appropriate, to this talk page. Thus I won't bother to reply to it, expect this bit:
 * "The force of a hard blow from a sword can greatly exceed 4000 psi. That doesn't sound like much, but when you divide it by the actual surface area (I'm being generous at putting it at a ten-thousandth of an inch) you end up with 400,000 pounds of impact force, far exceeding the shear strength of the metal."
 * That is speculation. More importantly, it is WP:Original research. Thus it has no place on Wikipedia (well it's okay on a User talk page, where you can chat, but not on any article or article talk page)--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 22:33, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Are you so sure? Trust me, when I decide to put some metallurgical numbers into the article, I will definitely have sources to back them up. Zaereth (talk) 23:03, 27 March 2014 (UTC)
 * What you wrote there was unsourced (and did not involve any mention, of anything to be included to the article, BTW), so... Yes I am perfectly sure.--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 23:13, 27 March 2014 (UTC)
 * It is not necessary to source talk page discussions in the way that it is for an article. However, I do remember reading that in one of my sources, which I will dig up for you. If you think no one has ever tested this stuff, I'm pretty sure you are mistaken. Zaereth (talk) 23:52, 27 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Please don't. As it's not relevant to how we should edit the Differential heat treatment article and is thus not relevant, nor appropriate, to this talk page.
 * Please turn your attention to the the actually relevant thread of this discussion (the part that is above your "If anyone prefers a more scientific explanation/.../" comment), instead.--ZarlanTheGreen (talk) 02:45, 28 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you have anything to offer except your own personal opinions, because that is what everything you have stated here has been. Anything of substance? Zaereth (talk) 03:12, 28 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Differential heat treatment


text:
The Happy Prince and Other Tales

The Happy Prince and Other Tales (or Stories) is a collection of stories for children by Oscar Wilde first published in May 1888. It contains five stories: "The Happy Prince," "The Nightingale and the Rose," "The Selfish Giant," "The Devoted Friend," and "The Remarkable Rocket." In 2003, the second through fourth stories were adapted by Lupus Films and Terraglyph Interactive Studios into the three-part series Wilde Stories for Channel 4.

The Happy Prince
In a town full of suffering poor people, a swallow who was left behind after his flock flew off to Egypt for the winter meets the statue of the late "Happy Prince," who has never experienced true sorrow, for he lived in a palace where sorrow was not allowed to enter. Viewing various scenes of people suffering in poverty from his tall monument, the Happy Prince asks the swallow to take the ruby from his hilt, the sapphires from his eyes, and the gold leaf covering his body to give to the poor. As winter comes and the Happy Prince is stripped of all of his beauty, his lead heart breaks when the swallow dies as a result of his selfless deeds and severe cold. The people, unaware of their good deeds, take the statue down from the pillar due to its shabbiness (intending to replace it with one of the Mayor) and melt the metal in a furnace, leaving behind the broken heart and the dead swallow, which are thrown in a dust heap. These are taken up to heaven by an Angel that has deemed them the two most precious things in the city. This is affirmed by God, and they live forever in His "city of gold" and garden of Paradise.

Adaptations

 * A radio drama adaption by Columbia Workshop was broadcast on 26 December 1936.
 * In 1941 Orson Welles and The Mercury Theatre broadcast a version on their "Christmas Show," with music by Bernard Herrmann.
 * Another radio version was broadcast in the Philco Radio Hall of Fame on 24 December 1944. This featured Orson Welles (narrator), Bing Crosby (as The Prince) and Lurene Tuttle as The Swallow.
 * A record album called The Happy Prince was recorded on 21 August 1945 and issued in 1946 by American Decca Records, with Orson Welles narrating and Bing Crosby as the Prince.
 * In 1968 the British group Bee Gees published the song "When the Swallows Fly" with clear references to "The Happy Prince".
 * In 1969 New Zealand group the La De Da's released an album The Happy Prince, as a rock opera based on the story. Band members Bruce Howard and Trevor Wilson had conceived the idea in 1967, composing the music with Australian poet Adrian Rawlins narrating parts of Wilde's story.
 * Canadian producer Michael Mills, created an animated film adaptation of the story in 1974 starring Glynis Johns as the swallow and Christopher Plummer as the Prince.
 * A major story arc in Journey to the West II presented the tale as the backstory of two antagonists. The Python Demon Queen (Angie Cheung) who is in love with the Interconnected-Arm Gibbon (Derek Kok), explained that she was once a swallow besotted with his statue of gold, and later helped the suffering commoners by stripping the statue of its treasures and distributing it.
 * Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child presented a version of the title story set in New York City featuring Ed Koch as the Happy Prince (who was the statue of the city's previous mayor) and Cyndi Lauper as a streetwise pigeon named "Pidge" (in place of the Swallow).
 * Leo the Lion Records released a reading of the story performed by Richard Kiley on a recording (#GD01603) including a dramatization of "The Magic Fishbone" by Charles Dickens featuring Julie Harris and Ian Martin and a reading of Rudyard Kipling's story "The Potted Princess" performed by Ms. Harris.
 * McDull, Prince de la Bun was partially based on this story.
 * In 2012 the Irish composer Vincent Kennedy and playwright John Nee adapted the story for narrator, chorus and orchestra. "The Happy Prince" was premiered in County Donegal, Ireland, in April 2012 with Nee narrating and acting and Kennedy conducting and performing. It was broadcast on RTÉ Jr Radio.
 * A chamber musical, by Sue Casson, based on the story first toured Britain in 1992, touring again for its 20th anniversary 2012 - 2014. Original cast recording featuring John Barr as the Happy Prince and Mina Anwar as the Swallow released in 1993 on Dress Circle Records.
 * Music for Oscar Wilde's "Happy Prince" from his book "The Happy Prince and Other Tales", composed by Edvard Schiffauer, c.2000
 * In 2016, British-Canadian composer Tony Matthews composed an operetta version for children which premiered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on 4 December 2016.
 * In the fall of 2020, a "Rock Reading" dramatic presentation of the story was performed for the Theatre 1010 in Tokyo Japan. It starred Motodaka Katsuki as the titular prince and Konno Taiki as the swallow, both of the J-pop boyband 7 Men Samurai.
 * The visual novel "Sakura no Uta" makes various references to The Happy Prince.
 * In 2023, "The Happy Prince", a musical by well-known musical director and writer David W. Young, was performed at Metro Arts New Benner Theatre, in West End, Brisbane on the 19 and 20 May 2023.

The Nightingale and the Rose
This story is an allegory of the moral decay and materialism of the age.

A nightingale overhears a student complaining that the professor's daughter will not dance with him, as he is unable to give her a red rose; a lizard, a butterfly and a daisy laugh at the student for doing so. The nightingale visits all the rose-trees in the garden, and one of the roses tells her there is a way to produce a red rose, but only if the nightingale is prepared to sing the sweetest song for the rose all night with her heart pressing into a thorn, sacrificing her life. Seeing the student in tears, and valuing his human life above her bird life, the nightingale carries out the ritual and dies painfully. The student takes the rose to the professor's daughter, but she again rejects him because the Chamberlain's nephew has sent her some real jewels, and "everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers." The student angrily throws the rose into the gutter, returns to his study of metaphysics, and decides not to believe in true love anymore.

Adaptations
There are many adaptations of this story in the form of operas and ballets. These include:
 * A cantata by Henry Hadley, an American composer and conductor, The Nightingale and the Rose, libretto E. W. Grant, Op. 54, S, SSAA, orchestra (New York, 1911)
 * An opera by Hooper Brewster-Jones, an Australian composer, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1927, of which only an orchestral suite survives.
 * A ballet by English composer Harold Fraser-Simson, The Nightingale and the Rose, (based on Wilde) (1927)
 * One-act opera Rosa rossa, Op. 18, by Italian composer Renzo Rinaldo Bossi (1883–1965), libretto by Bossi, after Wilde: The Nightingale and the Rose, Radio Turin, 9 August 1938; staged Teatro Regio (Parma), 9 January 1940.
 * A ballet by Latvian-Canadian composer Jānis Kalniņš, Lakstigala un roze [The Nightingale and the Rose], Riga, 1938
 * An opera by British composer Jonathan Rutherford, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1966
 * One-act opera by American composer Margaret Garwood, The Nightingale and the Rose, libretto by Garwood, Chester, Widener College Alumni Auditorium, 21 October 1973
 * One-act chamber opera by Russian composer Elena Firsova, The Nightingale and the Rose, Op. 46 (1991), libretto by Firsova, premiered 8 July 1994 at Almeida Theatre, Almeida Opera
 * One-act ballet by South African composer David Earl, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1983
 * A short film adaptation by Del Kathryn Barton with filmmaker Brenda Fletcher in 2015 that was screened at the Melbourne Writer's Festival
 * A one-act opera by Philip Hagemann written in 2003.

The Selfish Giant
The Selfish Giant owns a beautiful garden which has 12 peach trees and lovely fragrant flowers, in which children love to play after returning from school. On the giant's return after visiting his friend the Cornish Ogre for seven years, he takes offence at the children and builds a wall to keep them out. He puts up a notice board "TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED." The garden falls into perpetual winter. One day, the giant is awakened by a linnet, and discovers that spring has returned to the garden, as the children have found a way in through a gap in the wall. He sees the error of his ways, and resolves to destroy the wall. However, when he emerges from his castle, all the children run away except for one boy who was trying to climb a tree. The giant helps this boy into the tree and announces: "It is your garden now, little children," and knocks down the wall. The children once more play in the garden, and Spring returns. But the boy that the Giant helped does not return, and the Giant is heartbroken. Many years later, after happily playing with the children all the time, the Giant is old and feeble. One winter morning, he awakes to see the trees in one part of his garden in full blossom. He descends from the castle to discover the boy that he once helped standing beneath a beautiful white tree. The Giant sees that the boy bears the stigmata. He does not realise that the boy is actually the Christ Child and is furious that somebody has wounded him.

"'Who hath dared to wound thee?' cried the Giant; 'tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him.' 'Nay!' answered the child; 'but these are the wounds of Love.' 'Who are you?' said the Giant, and a strange awe fell on him, and he knelt before the little child. And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, 'You let me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise.'"

Shortly afterwards, the happy giant dies. That same afternoon, his body is found lying under the tree, covered in blossoms.

Adaptations

 * English singer and composer Liza Lehmann wrote the recitation The Selfish Giant in 1911.
 * English light music composer Eric Coates wrote the orchestral Phantasy The Selfish Giant in 1925. In 1933–1934, violinist-composer Jenő Hubay adapted the story into a Hungarian language opera, Az önző óriás (Der selbstsüchtige Riese), Op. 124. The libretto was written by László Márkus and Jenő Mohácsi.
 * A record album was produced in the 1940s by American Decca, narrated by Fredric March, with a full unnamed supporting cast.
 * In 1971, Peter Sander wrote and produced an animated version of The Selfish Giant for CTV in Canada. The music was by Ron Goodwin. It was nominated at the 44th Academy Awards (1972) in the Animated Short Subject category, one of only three films to receive a nomination. It was first broadcast in November that year.
 * In the 1990s, the Australian team of composer Graeme Koehne and choreographer Graeme Murphy created a children's ballet based on The Selfish Giant.
 * In 1992, the cartoonist P. Craig Russell adapted the story for Volume 1 of "Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde," which also includes "The Star Child."
 * In the 1997 film Wilde, based on the life of the author, portions of The Selfish Giant are woven in, with Wilde and his wife telling the story to their children, the portions reflecting on his relationship with them and others: the sadness of the children who can no longer play in the giant's garden is reflected in that of Wilde's sons as their beloved father spends more time with his lovers than with them.
 * In 2010, UK composer Howard Goodall wrote a version, to a commission from the Brighton Festival, for narrator, children's choir and orchestra.
 * An illustrated and abridged version was published in 2013 by Alexis Deacon.
 * The Selfish Giant is a 2013 British drama film directed by Clio Barnard, inspired by and loosely based on the Oscar Wilde story.
 * In 2014, the story was adapted as a South Korean musical stage by June Young Soh, the musical was a global project involving talents from different countries starring T-ara's Boram, Kim Tae Woo and French actor Jerome Collet. The musical was also very successful and sold out every showing.
 * In 2018, English songwriter Guy Chambers adapted the story into a folk opera
 * In 2024, The Mississauga Players presented a Spanish/English community theatre production at the Maja Prentice Theatre in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The single-day event on Jan. 27 featured book, music, lyrics, and orchestrations by Raul A. Pinto.

The Devoted Friend
Once upon a time, there was a kind and honest man named Hans. He lived alone in a tiny cottage.

Hans was a little man who owned a beautiful garden, where he grew flowers of all kinds and colours which were sold in the market to make some money. He enjoyed the company of another man called Hugh, a miller who used to visit Hans very often during the summer time and with whom he shared thoughts about friendship and loyalty. Hans was so devoted to Hugh that he even gifted him whole bunches of flowers from his own garden.

However, when winter came, Hans found himself in a very difficult situation, as his flowers wouldn't flourish anymore until the following spring, meaning that he was impoverished, living on a simple diet of a few pears and hard nuts. That winter was so stark that he had to sell some of his useful gardening tools, including his wheelbarrow, a silver chain, his pipe and some silver buttons. Meanwhile, the miller lived comfortably in his own house and avoided visiting his friend or helping him in any way, not to make him jealous and spoil, if not break, their friendship.

Finally, Spring came, and it was time for Hans to sell some of his primroses in order to buy back his silver buttons. Hugh finally visits him, and, hearing about his problem, he decides to kindly gift him his old, broken wheelbarrow in exchange for a few favours. Hans naively accepts the deal, but the unceasing requests of the miller keeps him busy to the point that he cannot tend his garden.

One day, Hans was asked to go and seek a doctor for Hugh's son, who had hurt himself, but as it was a stormy and rainy night, he could barely see where he was going. After finding the doctor, on the way back home, he gets lost and drowns in a hole full of water.

Hugh, exaggerating his sadness, attends Hans's funeral, and the linnet's story is concluded with the following sentence: "'A great loss to me at any rate,' answered the Miller; 'why, I had as good as given him my wheelbarrow, and now I really don't know what to do with it. It is very much in my way at home, and it is in such bad repair that I could not get anything for it if I sold it. I will certainly take care not to give away anything again. One always suffers for being generous.'"

The water-rat, however, is unmoved by the story, saying that he would rather have not had listened to it, and disappears into his home.

This story has been adapted for comics by the cartoonist P. Craig Russell, in Volume 4 of "Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde," which also includes "The Nightingale and the Rose."

The Remarkable Rocket
This story concerns a firework, who is one of many to be let off at the wedding of a prince and princess. The rocket is extremely pompous and self-important, and denigrates all the other fireworks, eventually bursting into tears to demonstrate his "sensitivity." As this makes him wet, he fails to ignite and, the next day, is thrown away into a ditch. He still believes he is destined for great public importance, and treats a frog, dragonfly, and duck that meet him with appropriate disdain. Two boys find him and use him as fuel for their camp-fire. The rocket is finally lit and explodes, but nobody observes him – the only effect he has is to frighten a goose with his falling stick.

"The Remarkable Rocket," unlike the other stories in the collection, contains a large number of Wildean epigrams:

"'Conversation, indeed!' said the Rocket. 'You have talked the whole time yourself. That is not conversation.' 'Somebody must listen,' answered the Frog, 'and I like to do all the talking myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments.' 'But I like arguments,' said the Rocket. 'I hope not,' said the Frog complacently. 'Arguments are extremely vulgar, for everybody in good society holds exactly the same opinions.'"

title: The Happy Prince and Other Tales


text:
Knight of Glin

The Knight of Glin (Ridire an Ghleanna; dormant 14 September 2011), also known as the Black Knight or Knight of the Valley, was an hereditary title held by the FitzGerald and FitzMaurice families of County Limerick, Ireland, since the early 14th century. The family was a branch of the FitzMaurice/FitzGerald Dynasty commonly known as the Geraldines and related to the now extinct Earls of Desmond who were granted extensive lands in County Limerick by the Crown. The title was named after the village of Glin, near the Knight's lands. The Knight of Glin was properly addressed as "Knight" (not, as one might expect, "Sir ______ FitzGerald").

The family name "FitzGerald" comes from the (Norman) French "Fils de Gerald," i.e. "Son of Gerald."

 * The coat-of-arms of the Glin family is: Ermine: a saltire gules. Crest: a boar passant gules, bristled and armed. Motto: Sahnit a Boo. The arms of the various families in Ireland are similar. The Knights of Glin bear as supporters two griffins collared and chained, and have a second crest: a castle with two towers, issuant from the sinister tower a knight in armor holding in the dexter hand a key proper. The Glin family seat is at Glin, Glin Castle, County Limerick, Ireland.

Like the Knights of Kerry, the Knights of Glin descended from one of the younger or illegitimate sons of The 1st Baron Desmond and Honora. There is confusion as to Honora's parentage, as one source claims her to be the daughter of Phelim MacHugh O'Connor Don, of the family of the Kings of Connacht. Alternatively, she is stated to be the daughter of Hugh O'Connor Kerry, a wholly different family. Lord Desmond was also known as Sir John Fitz-John or Seán Mór na Sursainge, and he lived c. 1260. The last knight, Desmond FitzGerald, 29th Knight of Glin, died on 14 September 2011.

History
This Desmond family are descended from Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llanstephan, a companion-in-arms of Strongbow Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, the Norman conqueror of Ireland. He went to Ireland in 1168, being sent with ten knights, twenty esquires, and one hundred archers, to assist Dermot MacMurrough, king of Leinster. He died 1 September 1177, buried in the friary of the Grey Friars of Wexford. Maurice was the second son of Gerald de Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, Wales and his wife given to him by Plantagenet Norman English King Henry II, the South Welsh Princess Nesta or Nest ferch Rhys thus descended from Howell the Good, king of the Britons who codified Welsh Law. Maurice FitzGerald's children were: Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, justice of Ireland, who built the castle of Sligo and is ancestor of the Dukes of Leinster. William, Baron of Naas, County Kildare, and ancestor of the Viscount Gormanston. Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald married Elinor, daughter of Jordan de Marisco, and sister to Herve de Monte Marisco, constable of Ireland, and of Geoffrey de Marisco, Lord Justice of Ireland in the reign of King John. He died 1207.

John FitzGerald, 1st Baron Desmond, of Shanid, County Limerick, Lord of Connelloe and Decies, married (first) Margery, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Fitz-Anthony, Lord of Decies and Desmond. These domains were confirmed to him by Prince Edward, the Black Prince in 1260. He married (second) Honora, daughter of Hugh O'Connor, of Kerry. By his first wife he had a son: 1. Maurice Fitz-John FitzGerald, who was Lord of Decies and Desmond, and ancestor of the FitzGeralds, Earls of Desmond, who ranked among the most powerful nobles of Ireland for more than two centuries. By his second wife he had issue: 2. Gilbert Fitz-John, ancestor of the White Knight. 3. Sir John Fitz-John, mentioned below. 4. Maurice Fitz-John, ancestor of the Knights of Kerry. 5. Thomas Fitz-John, ancestor of the Fitzgerald of the Island of Kerry.

John Fitz-Thomas FitzGerald, by virtue of his royal seigniory as a Count Palatine, created three of his sons by the second marriage, knights; and their descendants have been so styled in acts of parliament, patents under the great seal, and all legal proceedings, up to the present (1910) time. He founded the monastery of Tralee, and was buried there in 1260.

(VII) Sir John Fitz-John, Knight, was the first Knight of Glin, and had from his father the castles of Glincarbery and Beagh, county Limerick, Ireland. Children: John Fitz-John, mentioned below. Gerald Fitz-John, ancestor of the family of Clenlish and Castle Ishen, County Cork, Baronets.

VIII) Sir John Fitz-John del Glin was succeeded by his son.

 * "The earliest tradition I could find about Glin went back to 1569, when the [15th] knight, Thomas FitzGerald, was barbarously executed in Limerick. His mother, who was present at the execution, seized his head when he was beheaded and drank his blood. She then collected the parts of his dismembered body and put them in a linen sheet. When she set out for home with her precious burden she was followed by an immense concourse, including one hundred keening women.

 * Somewhere east of Foynes some soldiers tried to seize the corpse and in the fight that followed many people were slain. The body was interred in Lislaughtin Abbey in the tomb of his relative, the O'Connor Kerry."

According to another legend, in the early 16th century under Elizabeth I, England set about enforcing loyalty in the western parts of Ireland. When one of her ships came up to the Knight of Glin's castle on the Shannon Estuary, a fierce battle ensued. The ship's captain managed to capture one of the Knight's sons and sent the Knight a message that he should surrender or else the son would be put in one of the ship's cannons and fired against the castle wall. He replied that as he was virile and his wife was strong, it would be easy to produce another son.

 * The tradition about the siege of Glin castle differs in many respects from the facts as given by Carew in Pacata Hibernia. We do know that tradition can be a completely distorting mirror, but the popular memory of a local event such as a battle, siege or massacre would be more vivid and more lasting and in essence more trustworthy than Carew's narrative, who was prejudiced and gives a complete travesty of the facts.

 * The garrison of the castle, according to tradition, was divided into two sections, one of which was commanded by Donall na Searrach Culhane and the other by Tadhg Dore. Before the siege began, Carew, who had the knight's child as hostage, sent an order to the knight to surrender the castle at once or else he would blow the child out of the mouth of the cannon. The knight's answer was remembered but can only be rendered here by algebraic symbols: Gread leat. Ta X go meidhreach fos agus Y go briomhar. Is fuiriste leanbh eile do gheiniuint.

 * The assault on the castle then began under the command of Capt. Flower but was beaten back with slaughter by the defenders. Three brothers named Giltenan played a heroic part in repulsing the attack and slew some of the best of Flower's men. Carew called up fresh reinforcements, which he placed under the leadership of Turlough Roe MacMahon, who lived at Colmanstown castle, County Clare, almost opposite Glin. Turlough was a man of evil reputation who had already committed many dreadful crimes against his own kith and kin and against the Irish people at large. He was the father of the celebrated Maire Ruadh MacMahon. He is referred to in a poem of the time as

 * Traolach Ruadh an fhill agus an eithigh
 * do mhairbh a bhean agus a leanbh in eineacht.

("Turlough Roe, the turncoat and vulture,/Killed his wife and child together.")

 * The second assault also failed, but Turlough was determined to carry it through, for he hated with a hatred which evil men are known to feel towards those they have mortally injured. In the meantime the cannonading had played havoc with the defences of the castle. In the third attempt MacMahon was able to move in a large body of men who, after a gallant defence by the garrison, succeeded in capturing the castle. The Giltenans, Tadhg Dore and his brother, and Donall Culhane and two of his sons were slain in the final defence. Some of the garrison tried to escape by jumping into the water surrounding the castle, but only three men succeeded in getting away. These were Mahon Dillane, Lewy O'Connor and Donall Beag Culhane (whose father was slain in the last defence of the castle).

The "Old Castle" of Glin, the scene of the above battle, is a ruin. The tower still stands with a historic plaque in place. After the destruction of the old castle, the Knights built the "New Castle", a beautiful Georgian mansion, on the banks of the Shannon Estuary about a mile west of the old site. The last Knight lived there until his death (as well as in Dublin and London).

The 17th Knight, Gerald FitzGerald, was a Member for County Limerick in the Irish Patriot Parliament of 1689, called by James II during the Williamite war.

Under the Penal Laws of the 18th century, the Knights converted to the Church of Ireland to preserve their property. The surrounding villagers remained Roman Catholics, a division indicated today by the two churches in the village of Glin.

Following the war of independence and during the ensuing Civil War, in the early 1920s, Irish Republican Army (IRA) soldiers, from nearby North Kerry came to the 27th Knight Desmond FitzJohn Lloyd FitzGerald to tell him that no one whose title to land came from the English Crown could keep their land. The Knight immediately produced a document in Latin, supposedly from Duke of Normandy, indicating that his title did not originate from the English Crown at all. The baffled IRA men left the Knight with his properties, which he holds to this day. Another version of the incident relates how the then Knight, who was an invalid and used a wheelchair, refused to leave the mansion when ordered to do so, as the IRA intended to set it alight. He insisted on staying, they left, and the mansion still stands.

The 29th and last Knight (dormant or extinct) was Desmond FitzGerald, son of Desmond Wyndham Otho FitzGerald, 28th Knight of Glin. He had a MFA degree from Harvard University. He was married, firstly in 1966, to Louise Vava Henriette Lucie Le Bailly de La Falaise, the daughter of Count Alain de la Falaise and his wife, the former Maxime Birley. By his second, the former Olda Ann Willes, whom he married in 1970, he had three daughters: Catherine (previously married to Edward Lambton, 7th Earl of Durham, remarried in 2010 to Dominic West ), Nesta and Honor. He represented the art auctioneers Christie's in Ireland and was elected president of the Irish Georgian Society. Since he had no male heir, the title Knight of Glin became apparently dormant or extinct. There has been some speculation that there is an heir male of the body needing to prove their claim to the title, surviving through the 24th Knight of Glin, Lt. Col. John Fraunceis FitzGerald's second son Edmond Urmston McLeod FitzGerald, who was born in 1817 at Glin Castle and who married Ellen Sullivan, born in Ireland, 1822, died in Ogdensburg, New York, United States, in December 1895. Children, born in Ireland: Edmond Urmston, deceased. Richard, mentioned below. John Fraunceis, living in Ogdensburgh, Margaret. Gerald, who died in Ireland.

title: Knight of Glin


text:
User talk:AcquaCheta

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

snoyes 05:50, 29 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Re your Battle of Dieppe post today, were you unaware of the Dieppe Raid page? Moriori 22:10, Dec 4, 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:AcquaCheta


text:
Field, British Columbia

Field is an unincorporated community of approximately 169 people located in the Kicking Horse River valley of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, within the confines of Yoho National Park. At an elevation of 1256 m, it is 27 km west of Lake Louise along the Trans-Canada Highway, which provides the only road access to the town. The community is named for Cyrus West Field of Transatlantic telegraph cable fame, who visited the area in 1884.

Demographics
In 2011, Field had a population of 195 year-round residents.

Townsite administration
Field's land ownership was split between the Crown and the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), with the border between the two jurisdictions being Stephen Avenue. The railway was in charge of the water and electricity supply for the town until the 1950s, when the Canadian government took over. Today, the townsite is managed by Parks Canada. Local residents lease their land from the park administration, with a term of 42 years.

Burgess Shale
CPR track workers in Field discovered the fossils of the Burgess Shale. Commonly called by the workers "the stone bugs", the first fossils were discovered on Mount Stephen. In 1909, Charles D. Walcott discovered the Walcott Quarry on the slope of Mount Field.

title: Field, British Columbia


text:
User talk:Argonaut

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

snoyes 05:53, 29 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Hello. Please note that articles should begin with complete sentnces, not dictionary-style definitions, and highlight the title word or title phrase at its first appearance, like this. Michael Hardy 01:41, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Ok. Thanks, that is a good tip. Argonaut 03:20, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Frumentarii
"The frumentarius was the collector of corn in a province..."

corn, in the roman empire? It's a new world crop :) perhaps coin was intended?

Triggtay 17:59, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Yes corn is correct. The Romans had corn graineries. Mensores frumentarii was the name of officers who had to measure the corn. Corn usually refers to any cereal, including, but not limited to maize. It translates to the "corn men."

Argonaut 23:08, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Halloween festival
This article has been deleted because it was a copyright violation that you uploaded. Please do not upload copyright material to Wikipedia. --Chris Griswold (  ☎  ☓  ) 01:15, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

I did not upload any such article. I think my username was used on accident.

--Argonaut 05:36, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

January 2022
Your edit to America-class amphibious assault ship has been removed in whole or in part, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously, and persistent violators of our copyright policy will be blocked from editing. See Copying text from other sources for more information. — Diannaa (talk) 15:19, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Argonaut


text:
Talk:Takakkaw Falls

Mis-spelled the name originally as Takkakaw Falls. Google search found hits for it so I overlooked the location of the double kk. RedWolf 05:57, Nov 29, 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Takakkaw Falls


text:
User talk:Hcatlin

Bug report for en.m.wikipedia.org
Hi there. I spoke with you on IRC a few days ago and you showed me the new mobile Wikipedia site you're working on. Wanted to submit a bug report to you.

Articles with special characters seem to fail.

For example, if you do a search for 'ricardo'

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki?search=ricardo

Then click on Ricardo López Felipe, http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_Felipe, it returns an error page saying article not found or fails in some strange way.

Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_Felipe does exist.

Hope this helps. Best regards. --Chasingsol(talk) 04:35, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * This has been solved. Thanks for the report. Hampton (talk) 17:44, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

Problems?
Hi You might want to get in touch with Stifle to follow up on his enquiry at WP:VPT. Not sure if it's connected to your recent changes at MediaWiki:Common.js or some other recent developments, but you'll know better. Cheers, Amalthea  23:12, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Just wondering
 How do you edit MediaWiki namespace without being an administrator? 59.95.114.88 (talk) 14:13, 9 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I am staff --Hampton (talk) 14:20, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

Paul Thomas Abbott
I removed the prod as the article was previously sent to AfD, see Articles for deletion/Paul Thomas Abbott. The nomination was withdrawn. If you want to delete it, it'll need to go via AfD again. Fences and windows (talk) 21:10, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

Mobile site redirection
Are you going to discuss the changes you're making to Common.js with the community? There was a thread started on the talkpage of Common.js while the redirection was disabled but you've gone ahead and turned it back on. I can't find any consensus to automatically redirect people to the mobile site. For one the redirection is broken, I clicked my contributions link and was redirected but the redirection didn't carry the parameter over so when I asked for I was given. Secondly, if I ask for I want *that* webpage, not to be redirected to a barely functional alternative (no edit button, no history link, no login page, no Watchlist link, no contribs link etc. etc.) Redirecting people based on their useragent string is a huge change to site functionality (a usability nightmare in my opinion), not something that should be being done unilaterally. ~ Ameliorate ! 14:01, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

User reported iPhone problems
Please see the user reported problem in Reference desk/Computing. This may be related to the recent MediaWiki:Common.js changes. -- Tcncv (talk) 23:57, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

please test
changes like this next time -- ∂ (talk) 21:47, 31 July 2009 (UTC)
 * That's probably the nicest possible message you could send for such a major fuckup on my part. Many, many, many apologies. I was attempting to test, but my browser wasn't reporting errors and wasn't showing the new JS file only the previous one. Perhaps that bug was stopping it from going through. Anyhow, once again. Many, many apologies. --Hampton (talk) 22:14, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Mobile main page in French
Hello Hcatlin,

I just want to let you know that we add ID's on the main page to make it "mobilable"! The IDs will be : "accueil-lumieresur" (for FA) and "accueil-actualite" (for news). Now the titles (h2) for mobile main page would be : "Lumière sur..." and "Actualités et événements". Feel free to respond on my user page. Have a nice day! Antaya (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 18:58, 30 August 2009 (UTC).

Home page for mobile Wikipedia
Hi, I import to Russian Wikipedia code to redirect mobile users to http://ru.m.wikipedia.org, but didn’t know, where I can edit it home page http://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/::Home. --A.I. (talk) 16:18, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I need CSS selectors for both the Article of the Day and In The News. Something like "#aotd" or whatever will work using standard CSS3 selectors. For more examples, see http://github.com/hcatlin/wikimedia-mobile/blob/master/config/wikipedias.yml

Cambridge
If you are already in Cambridge, you might be interested in Meetup/Cambridge 5. --rainman (talk) 11:56, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

Indonesian Wikipedia for mobile
Hi.., I've made the portal for requirement homepage for mobile. And create a ticket in bugzilla. What can I do next...?  Ę-oиė   >>>   ™ 21:36, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Mobile Homepage for Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian Wikipedia
Hello Hampton, please configure the mobile home pages for Upper Sorbian Wikipedia (hsb.m.wikipedia.org) and Lower Sorbian Wikipedia (dsb.m.wikipedia.org), see bugs 23281 and 23282. And please repair the random link call. It shows an error page for Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian now. Some weeks ago it still worked.

Thank you in advance.

PS: Probably the links don't work correctly if the link text contains non-ASCII characters; the link text is used as string for the action attribute of the form tag. The Upper Sorbian random button link text contains the character ř (Připadny) and the Lower Sorbian random button link text contains the character ś (Pśipadny). I think, therefore the random button link doesn't work correctly.

Regards, --Michalwiki (talk) 19:36, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Hello, You seem to use  in the Mobile Homepage and my phone won't display it correctly. Why don't you simply use a button ? Regards, --Tael (talk) 02:09, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Haml-logo.gif
Thanks for uploading File:Haml-logo.gif. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

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hello my name is bob boberto i like to eat toast and nyan cats — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nyijah (talk • contribs) 16:50, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Hcatlin