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User talk:216.100.95.240

June 2010
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February 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Andrew Clements, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Anthony Horowitz. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Noom talk 21:46, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Anthony Horowitz, you may be blocked from editing. Noom talk 21:46, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
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December 2012
Hello, I'm The Illusive Man. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made to Inuit diet, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, T.I.M(Contact) 18:31, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

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January 2013
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Food chain, you may be blocked from editing. Mojoworker (talk) 20:11, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
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This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Sekhmet, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Mojoworker (talk) 22:01, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
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title: User talk:216.100.95.240


text:
Bledlow

Bledlow is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bledlow-cum-Saunderton, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 2 mi west-southwest of Princes Risborough, and is on the county boundary with Oxfordshire. In 1931 the parish had a population of 925. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished to form "Bledlow cum Saunderton".

The toponym "Bledlow" is derived from Old English and means "Bledda's burial mound". A 10th century document records it as Bleddanhloew; the Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Bledelai. A more common derivation is from "Bled-Hlaw" meaning Bloody Hill which commemorates an undated battle between Saxons and Danes.

Geography
The village is on the ancient Icknield Way and is where several springs form a small pool called the Lyde. The water from the springs is said to wear away the chalk on which the village stands, giving rise to the simple local medieval nursery rhyme:

The brook running from the pool into the nearby valley (called the Lyde Brook) provided water power for two watermills for many years. Bledlow's watermill is a tourist attraction.

Above the village, carved into the chalk of Wain Hill is a large cross, similar to that found at Whiteleaf. There is also a round barrow on the hill. It is thought that this is the barrow or burial mound referred to in the village name.

Within the parish of Bledlow-cum-Saunderton are several hamlets. The main one is Bledlow Ridge. The others are Forty Green (not to be confused with Forty Green near Beaconsfield), Pitch Green, Rout's Green, Skittle Green and Holly Green.

Parish church
The Church of England parish church of the Holy Trinity overlooks the Vale of Aylesbury. It has two aisles and the nave arcades include capitals made in about 1200. Other features of interest are the font, some fragments of wall paintings, and the 13th- or 14th-century south doorway and porch. It is a Grade I listed building.

Notable people
Actress Samantha Eggar lived in Bledlow as a child, and was a neighbour of Oliver Reed while there.

Transport
Bledlow railway station was an intermediate station on the Wycombe Railway that served the village from 1862 to 1963. It was the first of two stations to serve the village, the second being Bledlow Bridge Halt on the Watlington and Princes Risborough Railway. It was 3/4 mi to the south and closer to the village. It was opened in 1906 and closed in 1957. The potential for reopening the Wycombe Railway through Bledlow, which is now part of a long-distance footpath, was evaluated and dismissed by Chiltern Railways, the franchise holder for the Chiltern Main Line that runs through Princes Risborough.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bledlow


text:
Computer club

Computer club or Computer Club may refer to:

 * Computer club (user group), a computer users' group
 * Computer Club (broadcast), a former German TV broadcast about computers
 * Computer Club (band), a music band by Ashley Jones

title: Computer club


text:
Chulak

Chulak may refer to:
 * Chulak-e Asali, Hamadan Province
 * Chulak Qapanuri, Hamadan Province
 * Chulak-e Sadeqabad, Hamadan Province
 * Chulak, Ilam
 * Chulak, a fictional planet in the Stargate franchise

title: Chulak


text:
Vladimir-Suzdal

Vladimir-Suzdal (Владимирско-Су́здальская, Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya), formally known as the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal or Grand Principality of Vladimir (1157–1331) (Владимиро-Су́здальское кня́жество; Volodimeriae ), also as Suzdalia or Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', was one of the major principalities emerging from Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand principality divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of the principality, however, was prescribed by a jarlig (declaration by the Khan) issued from the Golden Horde to a Rurikid sovereign.

Rostov principality
The early Rostov principality occupied a vast but sparsely populated territory in the northeast of Kievan Rus', approximately bounded by the Volga, Oka, and Northern Dvina rivers. According to the archaeologist, who specializes in the history of the region, the Rostov land until the 10th century was already under the control of Rostov city, while Sarskoye Gorodishche was a tribal centre of the native Merya people. In the 10th century, an eparchy was established in Rostov. At that time Rostov was the major centre of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the region dominated mostly by paganism. Until the 11th century, Rostov was often associated with Novgorod.

The first known administrator in the Rostov region mentioned in the Primary Chronicle sub anno 988 was Yaroslav the Wise, appointed by his father Volodimer I of Kiev. In 1024, there was reportedly a famine in the area, and a revolt stoked up by pagan sorcerers was suppressed by Yaroslav personally. Upon his death in 1054, Vsevolod Yaroslavich received the Principality of Pereyaslavl including the lands of Rostov. Little is known about the region until the 1090s, except that the town of Yaroslavl had been founded upon the upper Volga by 1071, and that Vladimir Monomakh ordered a church to be built in Rostov.

Rostov-Suzdal
At the 1097 Council of Liubech, Monomakh became prince of Pereyaslavl, including Rostov, for which he made an appanage for his sons. From that time onwards, the Rostov region was a point of contention between the Monomakhovichi of Pereyaslavl and the Sviatoslavichi of Murom. Control of the upper Volga river was particularly important, as it was the primary route for trade between Volga Bulgaria to the east and Veliky Novgorod to the west. Intercepting that commercial shipping for their own profit was tempting for the Monomakhovichi, but also risky, as it provoked hostilities with both the Bulgars and Novgorodians.

It seems that by the year 1108, Monomakh's sixth son Yuri Dolgorukiy, who resided in the town of Suzdal', was the prince of Rostov. In the same year, he supposedly founded the fortified outpost of Vladimir (Volodimer) on the Klyazma, to control that river and defend against raids of the Volga Bulgars who had attacked in 1107. In 1120, Yuri conducted a military campaign against Bolghar territory.

During the 11th and 12th centuries when southern parts of Rus' were systematically raided by Turkic nomads, their inhabitants began to migrate northward. In the formerly wooded areas, known as Zalesye, many new settlements were established. The foundations of Pereslavl, Kostroma, Dmitrov, Moscow, Yuriev-Polsky, Uglich, Tver, Dubna, and many others were assigned (either by chronicle or popular legend) to G, whose sobriquet ("the Long-Armed") alludes to his dexterity in manipulating the politics of far-away Kiev. Sometime in 1108 Monomakh strengthened and rebuilt the town of Vladimir on the Klyazma River, 31 km south of Suzdal. During the rule of Yuri, the principality gained military strength, and in the Suzdal-Ryazan war of 1146, it conquered the Ryazan Principality. Later in the 1150s, Yuri occupied Kiev a couple of times as well. From that time the lands of the northeastern Rus' played an important role in the politics of Kievan Rus'.

Rise of Vladimir
Yuri's son Andrey Bogolyubsky significantly increased Vladimir's power at the expense of the nearby princely states, which he treated with contempt. When grand prince Rostislav I of Kiev died in 1167, a succession crisis broke out in which Andrey argued that, according to the emergent tradition of the Principality of Pereyaslavl being the domain of the crown prince of Kiev, his brother Gleb ought to be enthroned. After burning down Kiev, then the metropolitan seat of Rus', in 1169, he enthroned his younger brother. For Andrey, his capital of Vladimir was a far greater concern, as he embellished it with white stone churches and monasteries. Prince Andrey was murdered by boyars in his suburban residence at Bogolyubovo in 1174.

After a brief interregnum, Andrey's brother Vsevolod III secured the throne. He continued most of his brother's policies and once again subjugated Kiev in 1203. Vsevolod's chief enemies, however, were the Southern Ryazan Principality, which appeared to stir discord in the princely family, and the mighty Turkic state of Volga Bulgaria, which bordered Vladimir-Suzdal to the east. After several military campaigns, Ryazan was burnt to the ground, and the Bulgars were forced to pay tribute.

Fragmentation
North-Eastern Rus principalities - 13th century-es.svg fragmented Vsevolod's lands:

]]

Vsevolod's death in 1212 precipitated a serious dynastic conflict. His eldest son Konstantin gained the support of powerful Rostovan boyars and Mstislav the Bold of Kiev and expelled the lawful heir, his brother George, from Vladimir to Rostov. George managed to return to the capital six years later, upon Konstantin's death. George proved to be a shrewd ruler who decisively defeated Volga Bulgaria and installed his brother Yaroslav in Novgorod. His reign, however, ended when the Mongol hordes under Batu Khan took and burnt Vladimir in 1238. Thereupon they proceeded to devastate other major cities of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.

Under Mongol suzerainty

While heavy tribute payments and the initial Mongol invasions did manage to cause much destruction to Vladimir-Suzdal, rule under the Mongols also brought wealth to the region, as Vladimir was able to access the Mongol's lucrative patronage of oriental trade.

None of the cities of the principality managed to regain the power of Kievan Rus' after the Mongol invasion. Vladimir became a vassal of the Mongol Empire, later succeeded by the Golden Horde, with the Grand Prince appointed by the Great Khan. Even the popular Alexander Nevsky of Pereslavl had to go to the Khan's capital in Karakorum to be installed as the Grand Prince in Vladimir. As many factions strove for power, the principality rapidly disintegrated into eleven tiny states: Moscow, Tver, Pereslavl, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Uglich, Belozersk, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Starodub-upon-Klyazma, and Yuriev-Polsky. All of them nominally acknowledged the suzerainty of the Grand Prince of Vladimir, but his effective authority became progressively weaker.

By the end of the century, only three cities — Moscow, Tver, and Nizhny Novgorod — still contended for the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir. Once installed, however, they chose to remain in their own cities rather than move to Vladimir. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually came to eclipse its rivals. When the metropolitan of Kievan Rus' moved his chair from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325, it became clear that Moscow had effectively succeeded Vladimir as the chief centre of power in the north-east remnant of Kievan Rus'.

Suzdalian period
As part of the Christian world, Rus' principalities gained a wide range of opportunities for developing their political and cultural ties not only with Byzantium but with the European countries, as well. By the end of the eleventh century, Rus' gradually fell under the influence of Roman architecture. Whitestone cathedrals, decorated with sculpture, appeared in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal due to Andrey Bogolyubsky's invitation of architects from "all over the world". These cathedrals, however, are not identical to the Roman edifices of Catholic Europe and represent a synthesis of the Byzantine cruciform plan and cupolas with Roman whitestone construction and decorative technique. This mixture of Greek and Western European traditions was possible only in Kievan Rus'. One of its results was a famous architectural masterpiece of Vladimir, the Church of Pokrova na Nerli, a symbol of cultural originality of Suzdalia.

In the early Middle Ages, Rus' principalities were similar to other European countries culturally and in historical development. Later on, however, the Rus' polities and Europe began diverging due to a number of factors. The East-West Schism of 1054 was one of the reasons for this. Barely noticeable in the eleventh century, it became very obvious two centuries later during the resistance of the citizens of Novgorod to the Teutonic Knights. Also, by the middle of the twelfth century, the dominating influence of the Kievan Rus’ (some historians do not consider it possible to even call it a state in the modern sense of the word) began to wane. The famous Theotokos of Vladimir, an icon of the Virgin Mary, was moved to Vladimir. From this time on, almost every principality began forming its own architectural and art schools.

The invasion of Batu Khan and subsequent domination of Rus' lands by the Golden Horde was also a turning point in the history of Russian culture and statehood. Mongol rule imposed its principles of state on the northeastern Rus' principalities, which were very different from those of Western Europe. In particular, Russia adopted a principle of universal subordination and undivided authority.

Muscovite period
Rus' was only able to recover from the consequences of the Mongol invasion by the late thirteenth century. The first areas to recover were Novgorod and Pskov, which had been spared the Tatar raids. These city-states, with parliamentarian rule, created an original kind of culture under some influence from their western Baltic neighbours. In the early fourteenth century, leadership in the northeastern lands was transferred from the Principality of Vladimir to Moscow, which, in turn, would fight for leadership against Tver for another century. Moscow was a part of the Vladimir lands and functioned as one of the border fortresses of north-eastern Rus'. In 1324, Metropolitan Peter left Vladimir and settled down in Moscow, thus, transferring the residence of the Russian Orthodox Church (Metropolitan Maximus had moved the residence from Kiev to Vladimir not long before, in 1299). In the late fourteenth century, the principal object of worship of the "old" capital—the icon of the Theotokos of Vladimir—was transferred to Moscow. Vladimir became a model for Muscovy.

Emphasizing the succession, Muscovite princes took good care of Vladimir's sacred places. In the early fifteenth century, Andrei Rublev and Prokhor of Gorodets painted the Assumption (Uspensky) Cathedral. In the mid-1450s, they restored the Cathedral of St. George in Yuriev-Polsky under the supervision of Vasili Dmitriyevich Yermolin. The architecture of Muscovy and its surrounding lands in the fourteenth to early fifteenth centuries, usually referred to as early Muscovite architecture, inherited the technique of whitestone construction and typology of four-pillar cathedrals from Vladimir. Art historians, however, notice that early Muscovite architecture was influenced by the Balkans and European Gothic architecture.

Russian painting of the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries is characterized by two major influences, namely those of Byzantine artist Feofan Grek and Russian icon-painter Andrei Rublev. Feofan's style is distinguished by its monochromatic palette and uncommon expressiveness of laconic blots and lines, which send a message of a complex symbolic implication, close to the then widely-spread doctrine of hesychasm, from Byzantium. The soft-coloured icons of Rublev are closer to the late Byzantine painting style of the Balkan countries in the fifteenth century.

The late fourteenth century was marked by one of the most important events in Russian history. In 1380, Dmitry Donskoy and his army dealt the first serious blow to the Golden Horde. Sergii Radonezhsky, the founder and hegumen of Troitse-Sergiyev monastery, played an exceptional role in this victory. The name of Saint Sergii, who became the protector and patron of Muscovy, has an enormous significance in Russian culture. Radonezhsky himself and his followers founded more than two hundred monasteries, which would become the basis for the so-called "monastic colonization" of the little-developed northern lands. The Life of Sergii Radonezhsky was written by one of the outstanding writers of that time, Epifaniy the Wise. Andrei Rublev painted his Trinity, the greatest masterpiece of the Russian Middle Ages, for the cathedral of Sergii's monastery.

Mid-fifteenth-century Muscovy is known for bloody internecine wars for the Moscow seat of the Grand Prince. Ivan III managed to unite the Russian lands around Moscow (at the cost of ravaging Novgorod and Pskov) only by the end of the fifteenth century, and put an end to Russia's subordination to the Golden Horde after the Great standing on the Ugra river of 1480. The river was later poetically dubbed the "Virgin Belt" (Poyas Bogoroditsy). This event marked the birth of the sovereign Russian state, headed by the Grand Prince of Moscow.

title: Vladimir-Suzdal


text:
Maned wolf

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is a large canine of South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay, and is almost extinct in Uruguay. Its markings resemble those of foxes, but it is neither a fox nor a wolf. It is the only species in the genus Chrysocyon (meaning "golden dog" in Ancient Greek : χρῡσο-κύων : chryso-kyōn).

It is the largest canine in South America, weighing 20 – and up to 110 cm at the withers. Its long, thin legs and dense reddish coat give it a distinct appearance. The maned wolf is a crepuscular and omnivorous animal adapted to the open environments of the South American savanna, with an important role in the seed dispersal of fruits, especially the wolf apple (Solanum lycocarpum). The maned wolf is a solitary animal. It communicates primarily by scent marking, but also gives a loud call known as "roar-barking".

This mammal lives in open and semi-open habitats, especially grasslands with scattered bushes and trees, in the Cerrado of south, central-west, and southeastern Brazil; Paraguay; northern Argentina; and Bolivia east and north of the Andes, and far southeastern Peru (Pampas del Heath only). It is very rare in Uruguay, possibly being displaced completely through loss of habitat. The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as near threatened, while it is considered a vulnerable species by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. In 2011, a female maned wolf, run over by a truck, underwent stem cell treatment at the Zoo Brasília, this being the first recorded case of the use of stem cells to heal injuries in a wild animal.

Etymology
The term maned wolf is an allusion to the mane of the nape. It is known locally as aguara guasu (meaning "large fox") in the Guarani language, or kalak in the Toba Qom language, lobo-guará in Portuguese, and lobo de crín, lobo de los esteros, or lobo colorado in Spanish. The term lobo, "wolf", originates from the Latin lupus. Guará and aguará originated from tupi-guarani agoa'rá, "by the fuzz". It also is called borochi in Bolivia.

Taxonomy
Although the maned wolf displays many fox-like characteristics, it is not closely related to foxes. It lacks the elliptical pupils found distinctively in foxes. The maned wolf's evolutionary relationship to the other members of the canid family makes it a unique animal.

Electrophoretic studies did not link Chrysocyon with any of the other living canids studied. One conclusion of this study is that the maned wolf is the only species among the large South American canids that survived the late Pleistocene extinction. Fossils of the maned wolf from the Holocene and the late Pleistocene have been excavated from the Brazilian Highlands.

A 2003 study on the brain anatomy of several canids placed the maned wolf together with the Falkland Islands wolf and with pseudo-foxes of the genus Pseudalopex. One study based on DNA evidence showed that the extinct genus Dusicyon, comprising the Falkland Islands wolf and its mainland relative, was the most closely related species to the maned wolf in historical times, and that about seven million years ago it shared a common ancestor with that genus. A 2015 study reported genetic signatures in maned wolves that are indicative of population expansion followed by contraction that took place during Pleistocene interglaciations about 24,000 years before present.

The maned wolf is not closely related to canids found outside South America. It is not a fox, wolf, coyote or jackal, but a distinct canid; though, based only on morphological similarities, it previously had been placed in the Canis and Vulpes genera. Its closest living relative is the bush dog (genus Speothos), and it has a more distant relationship to other South American canines (the short-eared dog, the crab-eating fox, and the zorros or Lycalopex).

Description
The species was described in 1815 by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, initially as Canis brachyurus. Lorenz Oken classified it as Vulpes cancosa, and only in 1839 did Charles Hamilton Smith describe the genus Chrysocyon. Other authors later considered it as a member of the Canis genus. Fossils of Chrysocyon dated from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs were collected in one of Peter Wilheim Lund expeditions to Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais (Brazil). The specimen is kept in the South American Collection of the Zoologisk Museum in Denmark. Since no other record exists of fossils in other areas, the species is suggested to have evolved in this geographic region.

The maned wolf bears minor similarities to the red fox, although it belongs to a different genus. The average adult weighs 23 kg and stands up to 110 cm tall at the shoulder, and has a head-body length of 100 cm, with the tail adding another 45 cm. Its ears are large and long 18 cm.

The maned wolf is the tallest of the wild canids; its long legs are likely an adaptation to the tall grasslands of its native habitat. Fur of the maned wolf may be reddish-brown to golden orange on the sides with long, black legs, and a distinctive black mane. The coat is marked further with a whitish tuft at the tip of the tail and a white "bib" beneath the throat. The mane is erectile and typically is used to enlarge the wolf's profile when threatened or when displaying aggression. Melanistic maned wolves do exist, but are rare. The first photograph of a black adult maned wolf was taken by a camera trap in northern Minas Gerais in Brazil in 2013.

The skull can be identified by its reduced carnassials, small upper incisors, and long canine teeth. Like other canids, it has 42 teeth with the dental formula. The maned wolf's rhinarium extends to the upper lip, similar to the bush dog, but its vibrissae are longer. The skull also features a prominent sagittal crest.

The maned wolf's footprints are similar to those of the dog, but have disproportionately small plantar pads when compared to the well-opened digit marks. The dog has pads up to three times larger than the maned wolf's footprint. These pillows have a triangular shape. The front footprints are 7 – long and 5.5 – wide, and those of the hind feet are 6.5 – long and 6.5 – wide. One feature that differentiates the maned wolf's footprint from those of other South American canids is the proximal union of the third and fourth digits.

The maned wolf also is known for the distinctive cannabis-like odor of its territory markings, which has earned it the nickname "skunk wolf".

Genetics
Genetically, the maned wolf has 37 pairs of autosomes within diploid genes, with a karyotype similar to that of other canids. It has 76 chromosomes, so cannot interbreed with other canids. Evidence suggests that 15,000 years ago, the species suffered a reduction in its genetic diversity, called the bottleneck effect. However, its diversity is still greater than that of other canids.

Hunting and territoriality
The maned wolf is a twilight animal, but its activity pattern is more related to the relative humidity and temperature, similar to that observed with the bush dog (Speothos venaticus). Peak activity occurs between 8 and 10 am, and 8 and 10 pm. On cold or cloudy days, they can be active all day. The species is likely to use open fields for foraging and more closed areas, such as riparian forests, to rest, especially on warmer days.

Unlike most large canids (such as the gray wolf, the African hunting dog, or the dhole), the maned wolf is a solitary animal and does not form packs. It typically hunts alone, usually between sundown and midnight, rotating its large ears to listen for prey animals in the grass. It taps the ground with a front foot to flush out the prey and pounce to catch it. It kills prey by biting on the neck or back, and shaking the prey violently if necessary.

Monogamous pairs may defend a shared territory around 30 km2, although outside of mating, the individuals may meet only rarely. The territory is crisscrossed by paths that they create as they patrol at night. Several adults may congregate in the presence of a plentiful food source, for example, a fire-cleared patch of grassland that would leave small vertebrate prey exposed while foraging.

Both female and male maned wolves use their urine to communicate, e.g. to mark their hunting paths or the places where they have buried hunted prey. The urine has a very distinctive odor, which some people liken to hops or cannabis. The responsible substance very likely is a pyrazine, which also occurs in both plants. At the Rotterdam Zoo, this smell once set the police on a hunt for cannabis smokers. The preferred habitat of the maned wolf includes grasslands, scrub prairies, and forests.

Reproduction and life cycle
Their mating season ranges from November to April. Gestation lasts 60 to 65 days, and a litter may have from two to six black-furred pups, each weighing roughly 450 g. Pups are fully grown when one year old. During that first year, the pups rely on their parents for food.

Data on the maned wolf's estrus and reproductive cycle mainly come from captive animals, particularly about breeding endocrinology. Hormonal changes of maned wolves in the wild follow the same variation pattern of those in captivity. Females ovulate spontaneously, but some authors suggest that the presence of a male is important for estrus induction.

Captive animals in the Northern Hemisphere breed between October and February and in the Southern Hemisphere between August and October. This indicates that photoperiod plays an important role in maned wolf reproduction, mainly due to the production of semen. Generally, one estrus occurs per year. The amount of sperm produced by the maned wolf is lower compared to those of other canids.

Copulation occurs during the four-day estrus period, and lasts up to 15 minutes. Courtship is similar to that of other canids, characterized by frequent approaches and anogenital investigation.

Gestation lasts 60 to 65 days and a litter may have from two to six pups. One litter of seven has been recorded. Birthing has been observed in May in the Canastra Mountains, but data from captive animals suggest that births are concentrated between June and September. The maned wolf reproduces with difficulty in the wild, with a high rate of infant mortality. Females can go up to two years without breeding. Breeding in captivity is even more difficult, especially in temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

Pups are born weighing between 340 and 430 grams. They begin their lives with black fur, becoming red after 10 weeks. The eyes open at about 9 days of age. They are nursed up to 4 months. Afterwards, they are fed by their parents by regurgitation, starting on the third week of age and lasting up to 10 months. Three-month-old pups begin to accompany their mother while she forages. Males and females both engage in parental care, but it is primarily done by the females. Data on male parental care have been collected from captive animals, and little is known whether this occurs frequently in the wild. Maned wolves reach sexual maturity at one year of age, when they leave their birth territory.

The maned wolf's longevity in the wild is unknown, but estimates in captivity are between 12 and 15 years. A report was made of an individual at the São Paulo Zoo that lived to be 22 years old.

Diet
The maned wolf is omnivorous. It specialises in preying on small and medium-sized animals, including small mammals (typically rodents and rabbits), birds and their eggs, reptiles, and even fish, gastropods, other terrestrial molluscs, and insects, but a large portion of its diet (more than 50%, according to some studies) is vegetable matter, including sugarcane, tubers, bulbs, roots and fruit. Up to 301 food items have been recorded in the maned wolf's diet, including 116 plants and 178 animal species.

The maned wolf hunts by chasing its prey, digging holes, and jumping to catch birds in flight. About 21% of hunts are successful. Some authors have recorded active pursuits of the Pampas deer. They were also observed feeding on carcasses of run down animals. Fecal analysis has shown consumption of the giant anteater, bush dog, and collared peccary, but whether these animals are actively hunted or scavenged is not known. Armadillos are also commonly consumed. Animals are more often consumed in the dry season.

The wolf apple (Solanum lycocarpum), a tomato-like fruit, is the maned wolf's most common food item. With some exceptions, these fruits make up between 40 and 90% of the maned wolf's diet. The wolf apple is actively sought by the maned wolf, and is consumed throughout the year, unlike other fruits that can only be eaten in abundance during the rainy season. It can consume several fruits at a time and disperse intact seeds by defecating, making it an excellent disperser of the wolf apple plant.

Despite their preferred habitat, maned wolves are ecologically flexible and can survive in disturbed habitats, from burned areas to places with high human influences. Burned areas have some small mammals, such as hairy-tailed bolo mouse (Necromys lasiurus) and vesper mouse (Calomys spp.) that they can hunt and survive on.

Historically, captive maned wolves were fed meat-heavy diets, but that caused them to develop bladder stones. Zoo diets for them now feature fruits and vegetables, as well as meat and specialized extruded diet formulated for maned wolves to be low in stone-causing compounds (i.e. cystine).

A maned wolf from Texas was found to be a host of an intestinal acanthocephalan worm, Pachysentis canicola.

Relations with other species
The maned wolf participates in symbiotic relationships. It contributes to the propagation and dissemination of the plants on which it feeds, through excretion. Often, maned wolves defecate on the nests of leafcutter ants. The ants then use the dung to fertilize their fungus gardens, but they discard the seeds contained in the dung onto refuse piles just outside their nests. This process significantly increases the germination rate of the seeds.

Maned wolves suffer from ticks, mainly of the genus Amblyomma, and by flies such as Cochliomyia hominivorax usually on the ears. Interestingly, the maned wolf is poorly parasitized by fleas. The sharing of territory with domestic dogs results in a number of diseases, such as rabies virus, parvovirus, distemper virus, canine adenovirus, protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, bacterium Leptospira interrogans, and nematode Dirofilaria immitis. The maned wolf is particularly susceptible to potentially fatal infection by the giant kidney worm. Ingestion of the wolf apple could prevent maned wolves from contracting this nematode, but such a hypothesis has been questioned by several authors.

Its predators are mainly large cats, such as the puma (Puma concolor) and the jaguar (Panthera onca), but it is most often preyed upon by the jaguar.

Humans
Generally, the maned wolf is shy and flees when alarmed, so it poses little direct threat to humans. Popularly, the maned wolf is thought to have the potential of being a chicken thief. It once was considered a similar threat to cattle, sheep, and pigs, although this now is known to be false. Historically, in a few parts of Brazil, these animals were hunted for some body parts, notably the eyes, that were believed to be good-luck charms. Since its classification as a vulnerable species by the Brazilian government, it has received greater consideration and protection.

They are threatened by habitat loss and being run over by automobiles. Feral and domestic dogs pass on diseases to them, and have been known to attack them.

The species occurs in several protected areas, including the national parks of Caraça and Emas in Brazil. The maned wolf is well represented in captivity, and has been bred successfully at many zoos, particularly in Argentina, North America (part of a Species Survival Plan) and Europe (part of a European Endangered Species Programme). In 2012, a total of 3,288 maned wolves were kept at more than 300 institutions worldwide. The Smithsonian National Zoo Park has been working to protect maned wolves for nearly 30 years, and coordinates the collaborative, interzoo maned wolf Species Survival Plan of North America, which includes breeding maned wolves, studying them in the wild, protecting their habitat, and educating people about them.

Conservation
The maned wolf is not considered an endangered species by the IUCN because of its wide geographical distribution and adaptability to man-made environments. However, due to declining populations, it is classified as a near-threatened species. This decline is mostly due to human activities such as deforestation, increasing traffic in highways resulting in roadkill, and urban growth. Due to the decrease in their habitat, the wolves often migrate to urban regions looking for easier access to food. This increases their contact with domestic animals, as well as the risk of infectious and parasitic diseases amongst the wolves which can lead to death.

Until 1996 the maned wolf was a vulnerable species by the IUCN. It is also listed in CITES Appendix II, which regulates international trade in the species. The ICMBio list in Brazil that follows the same IUCN criteria considers the wolf to be a vulnerable species. By these same criteria, the Brazilian state lists also consider it more problematic: it is a vulnerable species in the lists of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, while in the lists of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul the maned wolf is considered as "endangered" and "critically endangered" respectively. In Uruguay, although there is no such list as Brazil and IUCN, it is regarded as a species with "priority" for conservation. In Argentina it is not considered to be in critical danger, but it is recognized that its populations are declining and fragmented. The situation of the maned wolf in Bolivia and Paraguay is uncertain. Even with these uncertainties the maned wolf is protected against hunting in all countries.

In Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay it is forbidden by law to hunt the maned wolf. Conservationists are also taking other steps to ensure its survival, especially as urbanization continues to spread in its natural habitat.

In human cultures
Human attitudes and opinions about the maned wolf vary across populations, ranging from fear and tolerance to aversion. In some regions of Brazil, parts of the animal's body are believed to help cure bronchitis, kidney disease, and even snake bites. It is also believed to bring good luck. These parts can be teeth, the heart, ears, and even dry stools. In Bolivia, mounting a saddle made of maned wolf leather is believed to protect from bad luck. Despite these superstitions, no large-scale use of parts of this animal occurs.

In urban societies in Brazil, people tend to be sympathetic to the maned wolf, seeing no value in it as a hunting animal or pest. They often consider its preservation to be important, and although these societies associate it with force and ferocity, they do not consider it a dangerous animal. Although popular in some places and common in many zoos, it can go unnoticed. Studies in zoos in Brazil showed that up to 30% of respondents were either unaware or unable to recognize a maned wolf.

It was considered a common animal by the Guarani people, and the first names used by Europeans, such as the Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta, were the same used by the native peoples (yaguaraçú). Spanish naturalist Felix de Azara also used the Guarani name to refer to it and was one of the first to describe the biology of the species and consider it an important part of Paraguay's fauna. Much of the negative view of the maned wolf as a poultry predator stems from European ethnocentrism, where peasants often had problems with wolves and foxes.

The maned wolf rarely causes antipathy in the human populations of the places in which it lives, so it has been used as a flag species for the preservation of the Brazilian cerrado. It is represented on the 200-reais banknote, released in September 2020. It has also been represented on the 100-cruzeiros reais coin, which circulated in Brazil between 1993 and 1994.

The urine smell of cannabis
Many individuals argue that specific varieties of cannabis possess a scent remarkably similar to the urine of animals like cats. However, the resemblance in the odor of maned wolf urine is even more pronounced. The intense smell of their urine could serve as an adaptation for territorial maintenance, designed to be potent enough for detection from a considerable distance. This resemblance is so striking that in 2006, authorities at Rotterdam Zoo were alerted to investigate complaints about a visitor allegedly smoking cannabis while observing the animals. /

Drawing from knowledge about the organic compounds found in the urine of cats and dogs, it is conceivable that the source of the maned wolf's pungent urine could be a sulphur-based compound. For instance, cats feature a sulphur-containing amino acid known as felinin in their urine, contributing to olfactory communication. It is plausible that maned wolves possess a similar substance.

title: Maned wolf


text:
Robert Leckie (author)

Robert Hugh Leckie (December 18, 1920 – December 24, 2001) was a United States Marine and an author of books about the military history of the United States, Catholic history and culture, sports books, fiction books, autobiographies, and children's books. As a young man, he served with the 1st Marine Division during World War II; his service as a machine gunner and a scout during the war greatly influenced his work.

Leckie's war memoir, Helmet for My Pillow, along with Eugene B. Sledge's book With the Old Breed, formed the basis for the HBO series The Pacific (2010), the follow-up series to Band of Brothers. In the miniseries, Leckie is portrayed by James Badge Dale.

Early life and education
Leckie was born on December 18, 1920, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to an Irish Catholic family of eight children. He grew up in Rutherford, New Jersey.

Early career and military service
He began his career as a writer in high school, as a sports writer for The Bergen Evening Record in Hackensack, New Jersey. On January 18, 1942, Leckie enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He served in combat in the Pacific theater, as a scout and a machine gunner in H (How) Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines, 1st Marine Division (H/2/1).

Leckie saw combat in the Battle of Tenaru and in the Guadalcanal Campaign and the Battle of Cape Gloucester, and he was wounded by a blast concussion in the Battle of Peleliu. Due to his wounds, he was evacuated to an army field hospital in the Russell Islands. He returned to the United States in March 1945 and was honorably discharged shortly thereafter.

Military decorations
Leckie's decorations include:

Later career
Following World War II, Leckie worked as a reporter for the Associated Press, the Buffalo Courier-Express, the New York Journal American, the New York Daily News, and The Star-Ledger.

According to his wife Vera, in 1951 Leckie was inspired to write a memoir after seeing South Pacific on Broadway and walking out halfway through it. He said, "I have to tell the story of how it really was. I have to let people know the war wasn't a musical."

His first and best-selling book, Helmet for My Pillow, a war memoir, was published in 1957. Leckie wrote more than 40 books on American war history, spanning from the French and Indian War (1754–1763) to Desert Storm (1991).

Personal life
He married Vera Keller, and they had three children.

Death
A longtime resident of Byram Township, New Jersey, Leckie died on December 24, 2001, six days after his 81st birthday, after fighting a long battle with Alzheimer's disease. He was survived by his wife of 55 years, his three children, two sisters, and six grandchildren. His remains were entombed at St. Joseph's Mausoleum in Newton, New Jersey.

Military history books

 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War
 * Warfare: A Study of War

Catholic history

 * These Are My Heroes: A Study of the Saints
 * A Soldier-Priest Talks to Youth
 * American and Catholic

Fiction books

 * Ordained
 * The Bloodborn
 * Forged in Blood
 * Blood of the Seventeen Fires
 * Blood of the Seventeen Fires

Books for younger readers

 * The Story of World War Two
 * The Story of World War One
 * The War in Korea
 * "Summary: A review of America's major wars, from the French and Indian War to the War in Korea, with emphasis on eleven important battles: Quebec, Trenton, New Orleans, Mexico City, Chancellorsville, Appomattox, Santiago, Belleau Wood, Guadalcanal, Normandy, and Pusan-Inchon."
 * The World Turned Upside-Down
 * 1812: The War Nobody Won
 * The Big Game
 * Keeper Play
 * (Sandy Steele #1, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #2, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #3, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #4, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #5, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #6, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #5, as by "Roger Barlow")
 * (Sandy Steele #6, as by "Roger Barlow")

title: Robert Leckie (author)


text:
Bledlow Ridge

Bledlow Ridge is a village in the civil parish of Bledlow-cum-Saunderton in Buckinghamshire, England. In 2004 the population was 940. It is situated in the Chiltern Hills, about 4 miles south-southwest of Princes Risborough and on the road between the High Wycombe and Chinnor.

Originally the hamlet was within the ecclesiastical parish of Bledlow. It gained separate status in 1868 when the new chapel, dedicated to St Paul, was constructed.

In common with other similar villages in the Chiltern Hills properties have become increasingly sought after due to its location and the improvement in rail and road connections to London. It has a recently refurbished village shop, The Country Store Kedai, and a local school, Bledlow Ridge School. Bledlow Ridge has a number of clubs including the youth club "Bridge", Bledlow Ridge Tennis Club, and Bledlow Ridge Cricket Club. As well as the corner shop, there is also an Equestrian Centre, children's playground, tennis courts and a cricket pitch. Yoesden, south of Chinnor Road, is a nature reserve managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

Notable residents

 * Sir Stuart Hampson – Former Chairman of the John Lewis Partnership.
 * Stewart Copeland – Founder and drummer of The Police.

title: Bledlow Ridge


text:
Talk:Mazda MX-5

Production figures
The production figures show an excess of production of some 62,000 cars over its lifespan, this is quite a huge difference, where are these cars? some note should be made about this seamingly large over production?--GazMan7 (talk) 15:57, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Sportscar?!
Yes, it is a good-looking roadster targeted at the young female audience. However, a sportscar?! Something that couldn't outrun a top-trim Honda Accord (family-oriented!) sedan from those same years?! Mazda truly did make a sportscar in those years, but that was the RX-7 (continued production in Japan for about 7 years after delivery ceased to the US). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aadieu (talk • contribs) 22:02, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The MX-5 is without a doubt classified as a sports car by just about any reliable source you can name. The term sports car has a pretty loose dictionary definition (a small, low vehicle designed for performance driving) that the MX-5  fits.  The modern use of the term "roadster" translates directly to "convertible sports car." --Leivick (talk) 22:08, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The car is deffinatly a sports car as it was a homage to some truely deffinitive sports cars. A sports car doesn't have to be fast, the deffining characteristic is handling and responsiveness for a true sports car. Also I think you'll find it was targeted at older men rather than young women.(Morcus (talk) 22:44, 23 September 2008 (UTC))

 * "Mazda's MX-5 (a.k.a. Miata) has long been one of our favorite sports cars, blessed as it is with a brilliant chassis, just enough power to keep you grinning, and a relatively light curb weight."-- Automobile Magazine

 * As long as you get the manual transmission, itll go fast enough to probably fit in with even your definition of a sports car.  mystery   (talk)  22:05, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

By the way, this was a head to head comparison with the Porsche GT2 and the Viper ACR. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.108.37.209 (talk) 22:58, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

It's definately a sports car, no doubt about it,even though it's not hugely powerful. But think - what else it could be classed as? Even Mazda say it's a sports car, and they're the ones who designed it!Chevymontecarlo (talk) 16:05, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

I definitely agree, it should no longer be called a sports car. According to wiki's own definition: "Sports cars have been either spartan or luxurious, but good handling and high performance is requisite." This car is by no means HIGH performance. As the original post states, most family cars feature higher performance.

The Wikipedia definition for a roadster: "A roadster is a two-seat car, without a fixed roof and with emphasis on sporty handling. While roadsters usually have soft-tops, retractable hard-tops are becoming more common." fits MUCH better. The MX-5 might handle well, but many family and compact cars can meet or beat it's performance, in base configuration. The class of car needs to be changed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Greenlightracer (talk • contribs) 23:36, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

 * The original poster makes a schoolboy error here with regards to her knowledge of "sports cars": whilst the Honda Accord may beat the MX-5 of the same era in a drag-race, it will not outrun an MX-5 in the MX-5's home territory: the blatty A-road and twisty B-road. Mazda built the MX-5 with the aim of recreating the nature of the traditional British sportscar. That, it achieved. Take a decent 60s/70s muscle car and put it on a drag strip: it will outrun most modern performance cars. But, try to race it point-to-point and it will be beaten by many modern 1.6 litre family shopping cars. I can't even fit in an MX-5, so no love lost for them here, but they are as much the definition of sportscar as the Camaro is of the musclecar. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.6.35.235 (talk) 21:11, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I believe the poster (that youre referring to) just used the enter key twice to make two paragraphs and that it is posted by the same person.  mystery   (talk)  22:12, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

Your opinion of who is in error is irrelavent. The definition has nothing to do with drag racing. The examples you note contradict Wikipedia's own definition of sports car, so if you have an issue with that I suggest you start at that page. We are not talking about racing muscle cars or Accords. Simply, we're are discussing the MX-5 sport merit in the current market. Performance improves over time, an indisputable fact, and opinion doesn't count here, facts do. Roadster is much more fitting, as I see, it has already been rightfully changed on the main page. comment added by Greenlightracer (talk —Preceding undated comment added 04:36, 16 February 2011 (UTC).

It's homage is stated to be taken from cars like the MGB, AH sprite etc, which were certianly defined as sports cars in their day (albeit low end ones in the MGBs case). I do not think the definition of a sports car has changed so much in that time that their classifications should differ. 202.89.136.57 (talk) 10:15, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

I found the following article analyses the spirit of the MX5 best, not a hair dresser in sight and no speed over 50mph was harmed in the writing of the piece! Mazda MX-5 Keomike (talk) 02:51, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Please do not confuse the term, sports car, with all flame-throwing, fuel-guzzling monsters that cannot get past a petrol station without stopping. While some of "them" might be considered sports cars, it is the combination of all aspects that defines what a sports car is. With all due respect, Greenlightracer, IMHO the term, roadster, refers to a body style and not to a genre; whereupon I suspect most would agree that the Miata and all of it's "clones" meet the intrinsic definition of "sports car" without too much trouble. I have no problem with Miatas and Ferrari Dinos sharing the designation, sports car. Vive la différence. Vive la similitude. :-) JimScott (talk) 21:00, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Okay, GreenLightRacer ... I suppose there are a few Miatas that would not be sports cars: http://jalopnik.com/here-is-a-v16-miata-pulling-a-mobile-home-473005992 or http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/18c7hke479wrnjpg/ku-medium.jpg (though I think the latter might be fun to drive :-) JimScott (talk) 12:29, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Mazda Miata User Box
New User box for Mazda Miata - MX5 enthusiasts! Copy and paste for your user page... Edit if you wish as well BTW SriMesh | talk  22:32, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

New generation
A fourth generation is announced, a new face lift and all with pictures. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.108.196.34 (talk) 19:53, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Special Editions
In New Zealand a 1990 special edition model, designation V-Spec, was available with BRG paint and tan leather upholstery. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.234.151.94 (talk) 09:11, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Updated List of Mazda MX-5 colors and special editions. --maf (talk-cont) 00:05, 22 February 2009 (UTC)
 * M2 special editions - there has been a lot of useful stuff added on M2 spec cars, but its a bit scrappy and needs a good tidy up, but it's not something I'm wholly familier with. It also needs a lot of citations! Pahazzard (talk) 13:32, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

Engine in NB - Japanese Domestic Market
I do know:

The 1998 - 2000 production year Japanese Domestic Market 1.8 litre Roadster models used an engine designated BP-5A - not BP-4W. Known differences from the BP-4W motor are: Higher engine red-line and cutout (7500rpm in manual transmission vs 7000rpm for BP-4W fitted models) Different intake camshaft (higher lift and slightly longer duration). Deletion of EGR system. ECU is also BP-5A model number. The exhaust system also differs significantly from North American models which used a cast manifold (with pre-cat in some states). The manifold is a 4:2:1 style tubular header, with final 2:1 "Y" joint converging about 500mm in front of the catalytic converter.

I don't know:

If the BP-5A engine was only used for Japanese Domestic Market Roadsters. Engine performance specifications. They will be different. Other (likely) differences to valve springs, or other possible differences to withstand higher rpm limit.

I suggest that if other information isn't able to be found, then at least BP-5A is added to "engines" box. I'll wait a few days for comments before editing the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.180.87.174 (talk) 05:12, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Stat Sources
Many of the specifications and performance figures have no sources, at least in the third gen. part. They need to be removed or references found. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Greenlightracer (talk • contribs) 23:40, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Mazda MX-5 20th Anniversary Model/Mazda MX-5 10th Anniversary Model

 * Support - Please merge this these quickly, and in the future just delete suchlike articles on "special editions" without wasting time on conversations.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 02:25, 15 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support along with this one too: Mazda MX-5 10th Anniversary Model. I've tried before, but didn't feel like revert warring with an single purpose account. -- Daniel  02:30, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I too fully support a merge of the 10th anniversary Miata and have changed the header to reflect it.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 19:13, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Support - Yep, lets get these moved soon! Pahazzard (talk) 21:02, 15 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - Definitely. Bdc101 (talk) 21:29, 15 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - no doubt. OSX (talk • contributions) 09:40, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * 20th anniversary now redirected to here as content identical and nothing to actually merge. Warren (talk) 12:39, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I will sleep better now. Thanks.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 00:48, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

LS version is not specified
The article refers to the LS model, but does not specify it anywhere.

Sorry I can't help - I'm looking for information about this car, not providing it!

87.113.223.200 (talk) 12:44, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

1998?!
Um ... to my knowledge, there is no such thing as a 1998 Mazda MX-5 Miata. Not my fault. Didn't do it. Is there a reason no one has "fixed" this article?? JimScott (talk) 20:34, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

To my knowledge, there was 1998 model sold on some market. But I don't have any source for now, I'll be back when I find one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Szzczupak (talk • contribs) 04:31, 3 November 2013 (UTC)

This is a little complicated. "Miata" is a name for the Mazda MX5 used only in North America; elsewhere, they are called either "Roadster" or just "MX-5" (in the UK, used Japanese Roadsters imported into the UK are sometimes called "Eunos," but "Eunos" is just the name of Mazda's upscale domestic subsidiary selling the MX5 Roadster, among other cars, in Japan -- sort of like Lexus being Toyota's upscale subsidiary, Infiniti being Nissan's, and Acura being Honda's). Since there was no 1998 model MX5 sold in North America, there are no 1998 Miatas, as such. However, 1998 MX5 models were sold in other markets as MX5s and Roadsters. The problem was the result of production delays at the Mazda factory in Japan producing MX5s as it retooled from making the NA (1990-1997) MX5 to the NB (1998-2005) MX5, a major change. It was decided to sell what would have been 1998 NB Miatas as early 1999 models in North America, where about half of MX5s worldwide were sold. Elsewhere, the new NB MX5 version first appeared as a 1998 model.67.170.184.5 (talk) 19:56, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

 * We need to be careful about what we mean when we say 1998. To Americans, a 1998 car means roughly October 1997 to October 1998 (the actual months can move around a bit but August-October is common). To most of the rest of the world, a 1998 car is typically October 1998 to October 1999 (again, the months often move around a bit). So, Americans can say they have a 1998 car, most of the rest of the world says they have a 1997 car and naive editors/readers think the Americans had the car a year later. Is this the source of confusion here? Even if it isn't, we should be explicitly saying calendar year 1998 and model year 1998 (or 1998 calendar year / 1998 model year ) whenever we a talking about years, just to avoid this confusion. And to be extra clear, '1998 model' is often read as the 'model of car from 1998', which isn't always the same as what an American thinks of as the '1998 model year'.  Stepho  talk 23:37, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

"wishbone suspension"
what is a "wishbone" suspension (in 3rd gen section)? all front suspensions have wishbones...i assume its a mcpherson strut except maybe someone edited it so that someone who didnt know that a mcpherson sturt could be called a "single wishbone" suspension would think it has a double wishbone suspension (which was a key feature of the previous generation). anyway, its unclear. any front suspension could be called "wishbone" suspension. ""

Fourth generation (ND) infobox picture
My latest edit to this article, which changed the fourth gen (ND) infobox pic from the one you see to the left to the one to the right, was recently undone by fellow editor Stepho-wrs on the grounds of image quality. I stand by my edit, so I'm bringing the issue up here. I think the current picture is far from ideal:

—Cloverleaf II (talk) 08:17, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

 * [[file:Mazda Roadster 02 - Tokyo Auto Salon 2015.jpg|thumb]]
 * I recognise your points (except the heavy shade is not as bad as you make out). However, that background is very distracting and ruins the entire picture. The viewer is spending almost as much brain power on the background as on the foreground. To my mind, that background clutter trumps everything else you mentioned. Maybe a different picture (possibly with the sign cropped away).  Stepho  talk 22:23, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

Date format
and myself have a disagreement over the date format. The article already has a consistent date format of "mmm d, yyyy" (and its shorter form of "mmm yyyy") that has been in use for quite some time. I don't see any inconsistent usage in the article that warrants a change. WP:DATERET says we are not supposed to change the date format without a good reason or consensus.  Stepho  talk 22:30, June 19, 2017 (UTC)

 * I would have sworn that I saw some day-month-year dates in the body text. But it's been a long week, and my eyes were probably playing tricks on me. I do wonder if day-month-year isn't a better choice per WP:TIES being it's a Japanese car (TIES does also apply to date formats). But just so long as it's consistent I'm not preturbed. oknazevad (talk) 03:51, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

 * No problem, I feel tired like that too sometimes. WP:TIES would apply only if Japan used "mmm d, yyyy" or "d mmm yyyy" natively but they use the "yyyy-mm-dd" format common to many Asian countries. They do sometimes use the English formats but which one depends on which country they got their higher education in or which foreign market they are addressing.  Stepho  talk 13:40, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

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Separate articles for generations
I think it's time for this article to split into different articles for each generation, or at least for the third generation (NC), which has the lion's share of information. - Areaseven (talk) 11:19, 13 May 2018 (UTC)

 * I think all of the generations would be fine as separate articles. Toasted Meter (talk) 12:01, 13 May 2018 (UTC)

 * If we were to proceed with splitting the article, how should we label each article: as "x generation" or as platform code (NA/NB/NC/ND)? - Areaseven (talk) 10:14, 21 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I would split them as Mazda MX-5 (NA), Mazda MX-5 (NB) and Mazda MX-5 (NC) and Mazda MX-5 (ND), as outlined at WP:WikiProject Automobiles/Conventions and exemplified by BMW 3 Series (E90). The parent article could remain with short summaries of each generation and the common sections like production numbers and awards. Similar to how Toyota Corolla is split.  Stepho  talk 12:16, 21 May 2018 (UTC)

 * NC now has its own article and needs some cleanup. - Areaseven (talk) 04:59, 24 May 2018 (UTC)

 * ND article is now online. As with the NC, some cleanup will be needed. - Areaseven (talk) 04:13, 13 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Good work!

 * I have created Mazda MX-5 (NA) and Mazda MX-5 (NB). They are just redirects to the sections here but at least we can have articles link directly to a generation. When the time comes, those 2 pages can be made into full blown articles and all the links to them will still be correct.  Stepho  talk 11:29, 13 June 2018 (UTC)

Still called Miata?
I'm confused with the North American marketing of the ND generation, as several articles online state that Mazda has dropped the Miata name, but Mazda USA's website still uses it. Should we continue to use the Miata name on the ND article? - Areaseven (talk) 07:47, 7 October 2018 (UTC)

 * It looks like Mazda USA is have a bet both ways - harmonising the name with the rest of the world and also keeping the American traditional name of 'Miata'. Since the Mazda US website still calls it a Miata (technically 'MX-5 Miata', then the article should keep using the Miata name for the American sections. We can revisit the question in a couple of years if they change it back or drop the 'Miata' part completely.  Stepho  talk 08:29, 7 October 2018 (UTC)

 * It would be helpful if the article explained why Mazda decided to use the 'Miata' name in NA in the first place. It isn't Japanese, and doesn't mean anything in English. --Ef80 (talk) 13:21, 8 July 2023 (UTC)

Kit Cars
Is it worth mentioning since so many have been produced that they serve as a foundation of many different types of kit car models currently available? (Exocet, Bauer Catfish, etc.)

Engine models/specs?
There are no specified engine names/models for any versions of the car. Pages for different Mazda engines such as skyactiv, L-series, etc. do exist though. 2601:2C1:9000:5E3B:1C4:6E6F:684E:CAD9 (talk) 09:31, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

 * This is just a summary article. Look in Mazda MX-5 (NA), Mazda MX-5 (NB), Mazda MX-5 (NC), Mazda MX-5 (ND) for the details.  Stepho  talk 09:46, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mazda MX-5


text:
Bennachie

Bennachie (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn na Cìche) is a range of hills in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It has several tops, the highest of which, Oxen Craig, has a height of 528 m. Though not particularly high, compared to other peaks within Scotland, the mountain is very prominent, owing to its isolation and the relative flatness of the surrounding terrain, and dominates the skyline from several viewpoints.

The peak that stands out the most visually is Mither Tap (518 m, 1699 feet) and from its top there are good views of the county to the north and east. Most of the tops lie along an east / west ridge, with the exception of Millstone Hill (409 m) an outlier or spur which is separated from and to the south of the main ridge. Mither Tap has an Iron Age fort on its summit. Unlike with many other hilltop forts in the area, there are no signs of vitrification in the stone. Bennachie is visible from a number of distant points; to the north it is visible from Longman Hill, a point considerably to the north.

Etymology
The etymology of "Bennachie' is uncertain. Suggestions include "Initially Beinn a Cioch, the hill of the nipple or pap." It has also been translated as the "‘Mountain of Ce’", a king mentioned in the List of legendary kings of Pictland.

History of the area
From 1800 to 1859 common land on the east side of Bennachie was home to a community of squatters known locally as the Colony. A small number of families led a crofting life often doing skilled work, such as dyking and quarrying, for local landowners. After 1859 the Colony dwindled as the common land was broken up and divided amongst the local estates. However, the last of the original colonists, George Esson, lived on the hill until his death in the 1930s. Visitors to Bennachie can explore the remains of the Colony and extensive work is being done on site and amongst local parish records to determine the history of the Colonists.

Mither Tap
In the 1870s Christian Maclagan, an early Scottish archaeologist, surveyed and conducted excavations at Mither Tap in 1876 and 1881.

In 2019 the University of Aberdeen Northern Picts Project conducted an excavation at Mither Tap. >

It has been suggested as a possible site of the battle of Mons Graupius.

Paths and environment
The range of hills is a popular destination for walkers since it is relatively close to Aberdeen. The Gordon Way is a waymarked trail that traverses the Southern flank of Bennachie between the Visitors Centre in the East and Suie Car Park to the West. Most of the Bennachie range is owned by Forestry and Land Scotland, which maintains a network of paths on and around the hills, several car parks and a visitor centre located at the eastern foot of the range. A volunteer conservation charity, the Bailies of Bennachie, founded in 1973, helps with this work and with other environmental and archaeological activities on the hill. There are several marked paths, including fairly easy ascents of Oxen Craig and Mither Tap that start from the centre.

In 2023, the Bailies of Bennachie received the Community Initiative Award at RSPB Scotland’s Nature of Scotland Awards 2023.

title: Bennachie


text:
Talk:War Plan Red

Anyone want to break the tie? Was it pure hypothetical or the real deal?
 * Can anyone provide me with the text of Defence Scheme 1? Albrecht 05:01, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Same question as Albrecht. Also, I'm not sure if it was Portland, Oregon or Portland, Maine (from the order listed in the article, and that Maine would be attacked by sea, I suspected the former was intended).  Antandrus 19:09, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/29/AR2005122901412_3.html

The Canadian plan was developed by the country's director of military operations and intelligence, a World War I hero named James Sutherland "Buster" Brown. Apparently Buster believed that the best defense was a good offense: His "Defence Scheme No. 1" called for Canadian soldiers to invade the United States, charging toward Albany, Minneapolis, Seattle and Great Falls, Mont., at the first signs of a possible U.S. invasion.

"His plan was to start sending people south quickly because surprise would be more important than preparation," said Floyd Rudmin, a Canadian psychology professor and author of "Bordering on Aggression: Evidence of U.S. Military Preparations Against Canada," a 1993 book about both nations' war plans. "At a certain point, he figured they'd be stopped and then retreat, blowing up bridges and tearing up railroad tracks to slow the Americans down."

Brown's idea was to buy time for the British to come to Canada's rescue. Buster even entered the United States in civilian clothing to do some reconnaissance. Xerex 23:31, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

The Ninetenth Century
Para 3 of the article includes the sentence: "Although an Anglo-American war had been a real possibility in the nineteenth century, the likelihood of this declined substantially following the turn of the century".

I'm no expert, but this can't be right when a link at the bottom of the page goes to 'The War of 1812'. Surely 1812 is also in the nineteenth century ? 84.130.117.18 21:22, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It should read "late 19th century". There was a very real possibility of war in the 1880's and 90's. Nik42 06:27, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Anglo-Japanese Alliance
Anglo-Japanese Alliance indicates it ended in 1923 so what was the US concerned about in 1935. Unless they were daft, the US planners should have known there was no UK - Japanese alliance in the the 1930s. Hmains (talk) 05:13, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

It wasn't a real plan
Wasn't it procured by a bunch of war strategists at various military academies across the states and was purely hypothetical? At least that is what it stated in the report. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.35.102.202 (talk) 15:35, 20 May 2009 (UTC)
 * All war plans are hypothetical until the first shots are fired. Although few at the War Dept. may have believed it would ever come to that, there were prominent Americans such as Lindbergh suggesting a US-German strategic alliance, and the US and UK had non-trivial conflicts of national interest. The article doesn't do a great job of putting this in context. --Dhartung | Talk 05:00, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

Rest of the British Empire
Should the rest of it be coloured in or where they not part of the plan? 86.176.32.247 (talk) 19:34, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

__Newfoundland__ During the 1930's, Newfoundland was administered directly from London, why is it included as part of Canada on the map? Surely it should be the same colour as Great Britain and NI. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.169.11.140 (talk) 06:13, 6 May 2009 (UTC)
 * the map dis need some work but I do not know how to do that, dis anyone else know how do it and have the time?--Lord Don-Jam (talk) 14:23, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I Have created a new map, featuring the then parts of the British Empire, and added Newfoundland under the colour of Great Britain (user:Geord0). 22:19, 17 September (UTC)

Cool Stuff
Here in the UK we just aired a documentry all about "War Plan Red". Senior Military experts,Military War Planners,Historians etc etc from all across the world got together and sifted through all the United States documents,tactics EVERYTHING and were able to tell us what would have happend if War Plan Red had of taken place. It was realy cool stuff,im going to be uploading it to Youtube when i get chance....will it be able to be used as a source to add more coolness facts to this page? =D

I uploaded it here...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4hjyyrpiKQ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.29.25.59 (talk) 19:21, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Citations Required
This entire article is seriously lacking in citations. Furthermore, in-text citations are not appropriate for a historical article. Any notation should be done using end notes, even if it is in reference to a direct quote. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.35.112.90 (talk) 23:05, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

The map
Shouldn't the Philippines also be blue since it was part of America? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.126.210.25 (talk) 01:09, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes. The Philippines were not independent until 1946. (92.7.9.163 (talk) 14:08, 4 June 2013 (UTC))

Edit on February 12 2014
Got rid of a wiki page link to "War Plan Red-Orange" as the Wiki page didn't exist. Added a wiki page link to "Britain". Added a wiki page link to "Western Hemisphere".

TheInformativePanda (talk) 02:56, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

Edit on February 12 2014
Got rid of a wiki page link to "War Plan Red-Orange" as the Wiki page didn't exist. Added a wiki page link to "Britain". Added a wiki page link to "Western Hemisphere".

TheInformativePanda (talk) 02:56, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

British Strategy For Invasion of the United States
Just a quick question, re this sentence: Royal Navy officers generally believed that if war did occur, they could transport an army to Canada if asked, but nonetheless saw it as impossible to defend against the much larger United States,. Can we obtain a cite because that seems factually incorrect, at that time the Royal Navy was by far the largest navy in the world, I believe in the case of the United States it was equivalent to three RN front line ships for every one American vessel. However, I am not well versed in naval history so please, if I have got that wrong please advise. Twobells''t@lk 18:21, 15 August 2015 (UTC)
 * The Royal Navy might well have been able to defeat its American counterpart, but British war planners at the time believed Canada would fall to a land invasion regardless of any action they took. I think that's what this refers to, rather than sea operations. Rwenonah (talk) 18:26, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

Muddled introduction
"War Plan Red was not operationalized". What does that mean? "Operationalized" is not a military term that I am familiar with. "And did not have presidential or Congressional approval" is meaningless, military operational plans are not approved by either the president or congress. The statement that "The United States can only declare war in congress" is false and irrelevant. Congress declares war, the US does not "declare war in Congress". This was a plan, not an actual war!. And finally, "and in this period of U.S. history, it made no war plans" does not follow from the first part of the sentence, and is also wrong. The US prepared many theoretical war plans, including this one! This article needs drastic revision.Royalcourtier (talk) 08:02, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Confused strategy
The article has left me confused. The US is said to retain its traditional defensive strategy. Yet the plan looks offensive to me. It was anticipated that there would be an invasion from Canada as a "retaliatory" invasion of the United States. Despite this Britain would fighting a defensive battle against invading American forces....Royalcourtier (talk) 08:08, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

When was it abandoned
If in 1939 the USA decided to retain its plans for a war with the UK, when did the USA actually drop these plans? Or did they? Were there similar plans for a war with Germany?Royalcourtier (talk) 08:09, 27 December 2015 (UTC)
 * War Plan Black for Germany. Post 1939, UK + USA became allies i.e. they dropped war plans against each other. Bosley John Bosley (talk) 12:19, 29 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:War Plan Red


text:
Wikipedia talk:Perfect stub article

See also Wikipedia talk:The perfect stub article for older comments.

An older version of this article, with complete edit history, is now archived at /Old.

When does a stub become not a stub?
I would like comment on the start of my research. It will progress. However, my goal is to get rid of the stub desgination. My article is Simone Cousteau
 * Well, the Preferences page suggests "500, 1000, etc." as a good "threshold for stub display." MadEwokHerd 00:26, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Stubs vs. short articles
from the village pump Stubs are supposed to be very short articles, supposedly even without a comma. But I've noticed that many short articles, which just need expansion, have the notice "This article is a stub". Should we be doing this?

Real stubs (with or without a comma) are not properly formed encyclopaedic articles, and should be immediately sent to cleanup, while short articles should be listed on something like:Articles needing expansion. Maybe thay could have a notice, like "This article needs more work. See the talk page for details."

A whole another thing is that some articles may even need to be short. Zocky 16:58, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Exactly! Some articles need to exist as slightly more than a redirect to another article. For example, we have been discussing the article Latter Day Saint movement. And we have been asking, "Why is this needed? Isn't that the same as Mormonism?" Perhaps all that is needed is a redirect. But sometimes a sentence or two is perfect. Are we a little too stub-phobic at Wikipedia? Hawstom 21:09, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * There seems to be a significant difference of opinion as to what constitutes a stub article. If you look at Perfect stub article, it certainly sounds like a stub will have full sentences (presumably with commas as needed). On cleanup the term sub-stub is often used to describe a page that doesn't even meet the requirements of a stub.
 * By the way, I'd strongly discourage the placing of every stub article on cleanup. Perhaps every sub-stub should be listed there, but we sure don't want to flood cleanup with every stub. -Anthropos 16:19, 1 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree, but I dislike this terminogy creep. I think "sub-stubs" should be called "stub" and most "stubs" should be called "articles in need of expansion". It's much clearer that way for newcomers Zocky 18:26, 1 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I disagree. A sub stub is often regarded as something which is instantly deletable. A stub is not meant to be a derogatory term, but just a term meaning a short article, so I don't see a need to change it to articles in need of expansion, when this is already what it means. Angela. 15:33, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)

WHo is the judge of what gets tagged as a 'stub'? It's not well defined who has this power, and why they've designated (for example) articles such as: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_economics and http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_well-being. Granted, it might be nice if these were expanded, but they do contain enough info for someone to learn more about the general topic of 'green economics'... black bag

IMO the definion of "stub" is "an article that is clearly lacking the essential basics". -- Tarquin 11:20, 5 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Regardless of how a new page is classified, it would be helpful if the Wiki engine could automaticly display the page's classification with all the links to that page, maybe as a word in parentheses after the link. The classification could come from a markup sequence inserted automaticly at the top of a page when the page is first created, with an initial classification of "new". Editors could change it to "stub", or "definition", or something else, and remove it completely when the page content has sufficient quality and quantaty.

On a different subject, this is my first try at editing a Wiki page. When I tried to edit this page, the text window did not fit in my browser window. So I maximized the browser window. But the font became 20% larger, so again it would not fit in my browser window, regardless of the position of the horizontal scroll bar. That seems very strange. FYI...

David W Roscoe, 8 Jan 2004.

Short Article Proposal
I have found stubs useful when building disambiguation pages and for getting titles straight when working on an interconnected set of articles. But I've also had one issue or area that concerns me. When checking links to names, etc. I've encountered stubs. Sometimes I add one or two facts. Then I'm faced with the question, should I remove the stub message or notice?

Sometimes, the answer is yes, the stub has grown into an article. But there are other cases. Sometimes it is no longer a stub, but its not an article I'm satisfied with. Of course, there is always the option of listing it on Articles Needing Attention with some explanation. But I'd like to suggest a middle ground. There could be an Articles Needing Expansion with an accompanying message. This could work like a stub. The article no longer shows up as a Stub, but other Wikipedians or readers would be alerted to the idea that this is an inadequate article. Just as we sometimes use What Links Here from the Stub page, looking for something we'd be interested in writing, we could use that feature with Articles Needing Expansion.

Another reason: I'm sometimes hesitant to start a talk page for a stub, since they complicate mergers and redirects. But if I'm pretty sure the article is under the right title (and only needs expansion), I'd feel better about describing the article's limitations on the talk page. Lou I 22:15, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * This does exist, the template is Expand. Triddle 02:39, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Size of a Stub?
Jiang claims that an article is not a stub if it is larger than one paragraph. I think it's any article that's substantially undernourished. I see there is debate on this topic. Is there any consensus? Does any page attempt to address this terminology issue? jengod 22:25, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * There's been much discussion, I think, but don't know where. I more or less agree with Jiang (my preferences mark a 500 word stub limit). I think there's a metawikipedia page called something like Kill the stub pages which has a discussion about size, and ml archives probably have oodles of discussion about "what is an article". Tuf-Kat

 * Sometimes an article is a stub because it is missing elements that are critical about the subject of the article. For instance, There are many stubs about writers that include a biography but not a book list, or a book list but not a biography.  Many of these are quite long; however, a list of books is not an encyclopedia article, and a biography about an author that fails to list their books doesn't describe the author very well.  At the same time, if the author lived an obscure life, and wrote one book that turned out to be very important, two sentences mentioning what is known about the author and mentioning the book (and linking to its article) might be enough to not be a stub. --ssd 04:30, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

What if I start writing a long article, divide it into sections, and each section is just a stub of what it should be? I think the article should be considered a stub. -Lev 06:39, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Random Observations
(from the village pump)

I've spent most of today clicking Random page and have seen a (random, naturally) sample of a couple of hundred articles. Excluding the U. S. places from the census, the following are just a few observations/questions that spring to mind. All comments welcome.

 * 1) there are a lot of stubs without on them.
 * 2) there are a lot of oldstubs.
 * 3) given 1 and 2,what is the value of adding ? (I ask because I did this a lot today).
 * 4) if my sample is good, we have a lot of articles on people who have had their 15 minutes of fame,and very few in the area of "high culture" (the arts, I suppose). What, if anything, can be done to redress this? Or am I worrying about nothing?
 * 5) how can the biographical articles of living people be kept up-to-date?

Bmills 16:30, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * well, the stub boilerplate points to the stub page, and so (in theory) someone can hit "what links here" on that page and they'll get a list of stubs. I don't know if anyone actually does this, however. With regard to your biography question, perhaps we could have the same thing - perhaps have a wikiproject biography, add a "this is the wikiproject biography" boilerplate on each biography's talk page, and then one can get the list of biographies from "what links here".  Moreover, with that tag present a fairly simple SQL query could be constructed, saying something like "give me a list of biographies of living people which haven't been updated in the last XXX months". -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 17:59, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Re: hitting what links here from the stub page, I do this. :) On occasion, anyhow: I believe that proposed changes by developers will make it possible to "surf" the What Links Here section, meaning stub boilerplate will serve an even more useful purpose.  I like Finlay's suggested bio-boiler, but am not in WikiProject:Biographies, so I don't know how they would like the idea. Jwrosenzweig 22:52, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Another very useful function of the stub boilerplate is to annoy people like me, who have the strange idea that they are to decide for themselves which Wikipedia articles to edit. I hate those things. Andre Engels 03:49, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with Andre. Most people can figure out that an article is a stub without being told. It is never clear when an article stops being a stub, and when it does stop, people don't bother removing the stub notice. I find many good articles whose only reason that they could not be entered into a paper encyclopedia as is, is because they have the stub notice attached. I would consider removing the notices, but since there are so many of them and people are still adding them, there does not seem to be any point. We should abolish entirely the use of the notice. Ezra Wax
 * Jeez. Why would you waste the time considering removing the stub notice and then not waste the time actually removing it? :) I often trundle through part of the main stub list, putting them into their, and when I see something that is larger, seems like it's on its way - I just remove the stub notice. (Isn't that how this place works?)--Bookandcoffee 16:38, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Formating
I don't get why someone changed all the m-dashes in the article into two hyphens next to each other. Maybe next we'll change all the W's to two V's next to each other. -- Chameleon 08:19, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll change it back within a day or two unless someone replies. -- Chameleon 12:39, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * There's no such thing as an mdash in ISO 8859-1. You're using an invalid Microsoft extension.  Your mdashes show up as little dotted blocks to me.

 * Ah, I thought people had a problem with m-dashes themselves, rather than with the encoding I used. OK, I'll make sure I use the escape code rather than just typing it in, in future.  Hmmm, Wikipedia automatically changes some characters to escape codes when I type them in.  If m-dashes are tricky across platforms, why are they not among those characters? — Chameleon 11:51, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

New articles
Aside from articles that deserve speedy deletion, why do people waste their time (and ours) on articles that have only one line? Surely, other than defining, say, a city or town, shouldn't there be more content if they are going to create the article? Please help me, I'm getting annoyed.--naryathegreat 17:21, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't see a one-line stub as a waste of time; that's more than was there before. Have faith, eventually they'll improve. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 19:51, 2004 Jul 19 (UTC)

 * It is if it is no more than a dicdef, for something that does not belong in a dictionary (a company name for instance). And I don't feel that they improve, they stay the same line forever.  And if you're going to create an article, be ready to put some effort into it right then and there.--naryathegreat 21:37, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Forever is a long time especially on a wiki! I've seen loads of one line articles improve over time. theresa knott 21:47, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * See: Perfect stub article and Kill the Stub Pages. -- Kokiri 07:42, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * A stub will be seen and improved, a missing article is less likely to be created if you, the person who sees the need, fails to create it. So better create a stub than leave a gap. Bmills 07:40, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Add where to put stubs
I'm new to Wikipedia and decided to be good and make a short article I created a stub by adding  to the end of the source. When I looked around afterwards, I noticed that other articles did not have  at the very end of the source, but before the See also and the External links sections. When I tried to find how to create a stub I got here, but this article doesn't seem to mention where to put the stub. IMO this should be made clear in this article (and prominently). Perhaps by using the following that I eventually found in Find or fix a stub:

If you create a stub, please add the following tag at the end, but before the See also and the External links sections:   (See MediaWiki custom messages for more information).

--Joe Llywelyn Griffith Blakesley 00:26, 2004 Nov 25 (UTC)

Definition of stub
Can we please start the article with a definition? Without a definition it's hard to know when to put the shortcut and when to remove it.

Football
The American Football article is no stub. Infact, it is one of the longer articles on Wikipedia. Can we change this?

One article, multiple stubs
What is the protocol for where a stub article fits into two stub classifications? For instance, Pearl Street can be a and a. Is it proper to add both stub designations to the article, or should just one be chosen? -- Fingers-of-Pyrex 19:55, 2005 May 11 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Perfect stub article