text:
Talk:Spotted salamander

Untitled
I don't think these guys eat snails, though I could be wrong. 67.140.192.16 00:53, 23 February 2007 (UTC)i understand that snails are VERY important to the diet of the juvinelle salamander

Why hands in the photo?
The text says it should never be touched by human hands. The photo shows one on someone's hands. A little inconsistent? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 76.169.11.103 (talk) 01:44, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

The photo in the hands should be removed. The oil from human hands burns their skin. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.158.175.80 (talk) 03:17, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

"I" Statements
This should be removed "The Spotted Salamander also live underneath small plastic ponds and that is where I found mine. They are really big." 24.97.230.243 (talk) 14:16, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Photosythesis
The article and reference mentioned they are photosynthetic, but semantically this is not true. They are hosts to symbiotic algae. Their genes do not code for chlorophyll.Gigemag76 (talk) 01:40, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

I found out that this spotted salamander had been in the same place for over SIX weeks!!! This salamander had been stuck between a concrete floor and a concrete wall at the bottom of an outside stairwell. Only the back legs and the tail were showing...it had not moved its position in all of that time. When I pulled it out (nudging it slowly) it was very sticky and a bit firm with no movement and shiny looking, but could tell it still had 'life'...it was not stiff. On the walk to the woods it squirmed and I dropped it onto the grass...picked it up and continued..no more movement...I brought water and poured it over the salamander ...and picked it back up to move it closer to a murky log/swampy area and it was not so 'firm'...the body had limped a bit. After going back to the log later, it was gone...hopefully it went into a area... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.174.4.144 (talk) 11:50, 27 June 2014 (UTC)

Not the only one?
According to the article, this species is “the only known example of vertebrate cells hosting an endosymbiont microbe”. Isn’t Hynobius nigrescens another one now? See https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pre.12173 palpalpalpal (talk) 18:30, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spotted salamander


text:
Share Our Wealth

Share Our Wealth was a movement that began in February 1934, during the Great Depression, by Huey Long, a governor and later United States Senator from Louisiana. Long first proposed the plan in a national radio address, which is now referred to as the "Share Our Wealth Speech". To stimulate the economy, the Share Our Wealth program called for massive federal spending, a wealth tax, and wealth redistribution. These proposals drew wide support, with millions joining local Share Our Wealth clubs. Roosevelt adopted many of these proposals in the Second New Deal.

Background
Long believed that the underlying cause of the Great Depression – which he called "Mr. Roosevelt's depression" – was the growing disparity between the rich and everyone else. For most of his political career, he focused his speeches and efforts on the "little man", referring to the rural poor. The Share Our Wealth program was intended to become the capstone project for Long's agenda.

Proposed legislation
In March 1933, Long offered a series of bills collectively known as "the Long plan" for the redistribution of wealth. The first bill proposed a new progressive tax code designed to cap personal fortunes at $100 million ($2.372 billion in 2024 dollars). Fortunes above $1 million ($23.72 million in 2024) would be taxed at 1%; fortunes above $2 million ($47.45 million in 2024) would be taxed at 2%, and so forth, up to a 100% tax on fortunes greater than $100 million. The second bill would limit annual income to $1 million ($23.72 million in 2024), and the third bill would cap individual inheritances at $5 million ($118.6 million in 2024).

In February 1934, Long introduced his "Share Our Wealth" plan over a nationwide radio broadcast.

His plan was to minimize wealth inequality, via Federal tax and spend policy.

An individual's right to wealth would be restricted to:
 * a maximum INHERITANCE of $5 million ($118.6 million in 2024);
 * a maximum annual INCOME of $1 million ($23.72 million in 2024);
 * and an individual's private WEALTH/FORTUNE to $50 million ($1.186 billion in 2024).

The taxes raised would guarantee every family what Long called a "Household Estate" of $5,000 (a Basic Household Grant worth $118,600 in 2024) and a minimum annual income of $2,000–$3,000 (a Universal Basic Income to each household of $47,450–$71,175 per year, 2024), or one-third of the average family home value and income.

 * free Higher education (including degree-level study at a college, and vocational internships/training required to enter professional organisations);
 * a mandatory 30 hour (four day) working week and a minimum of four weeks paid vacation per year
 * a Pension of $30/month, $360 a year ($711.73 and $8,540.76 in 2024) paid to every person from the age of 65;
 * for direct Federal assistance to farmers;
 * public works projects, including a $10 billion ($237.2 billion in 2024) land reclamation project to end the Dust Bowl;
 * specific to the WWI veterans, benefits would increase, and World War I veteran's adjusted Compensation certificates, due in 1945 would be issued immediately.
 * free medical services for all citizens, and what he called a "war on disease" led by the Mayo brothers.

Long intended for his reforms to bring an end to the Great Depression.

Economic criticism
Long's plans for the "Share Our Wealth" program attracted much criticism from economists at the time, who stated that Long's plans for redistributing wealth would not result in every American family receiving a grant of $5,000 per year, but rather $400/per year, and that his plans for taxation would cap the average annual income at about $3,000. They argued that the confiscated fortunes would only yield $1.50 per each poor family. In 1934, Long held a public debate with Norman Thomas, the leader of the Socialist Party of America, on the merits of Share Our Wealth versus socialism.

Share Our Wealth club
With the Senate unwilling to support his proposals, in February 1934 Long formed a national political organization, the Share Our Wealth Society. A network of local clubs led by national organizer Reverend Gerald L. K. Smith, the Share Our Wealth Society was intended to operate outside of and in opposition to the Democratic Party and the Roosevelt administration. By 1935, the society had over 7.5 million members in 27,000 clubs across the country. Long's Senate office received an average of 60,000 letters a week, resulting in Long hiring 48 stenographers to type responses. Of the two trucks that delivered mail to the Senate, one was devoted solely to mail for Long. Long's newspaper, now renamed American Progress, averaged a circulation of 300,000, with some issues reaching over 1.5 million. Long's radical programs were very attractive to union-members; Teamsters president Daniel J. Tobin expressed his growing concerns to Roosevelt. Long also drew international attention: writer H. G. Wells traveled across the Atlantic just to interview Long. Wells noted that Long was "like a Winston Churchill who has never been at Harrow. He abounds in promises."

Program mismanagement after Long's death
Any presidential ambitions which Long might have had were cut short when he was shot by an assassin in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on September 8, 1935; he died two days later. Control of the Share Our Wealth Society fell to Gerald L. K. Smith, who was widely viewed as a political demagogue. Smith brought the Share Our Wealth Society into a brief coalition with the followers of radio priest Charles Coughlin and old-age pension advocate Francis Townsend in support of the short-lived Union Party, a third party effort which ran William Lemke of North Dakota for President in 1936, but under his leadership, the Share Our Wealth movement quickly fell apart.

Influence on the New Deal
Some historians believe that pressure from Long and his organization contributed to Roosevelt's "turn to the left" in the Second New Deal (1935), which consisted of the Social Security Act, the Works Progress Administration, the National Labor Relations Board, Aid to Dependent Children, and the Wealth Tax Act of 1935. Each tenet of the Second New Deal seemed to foil one of Long's corresponding proposals. For example, Roosevelt's National Youth Administration provided part-time employment to the country's youth, counteracting the appeal for Long's free college proposal. Roosevelt reportedly admitted in private to trying to "steal Long's thunder."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Share Our Wealth


text:
Order of Ontario

The Order of Ontario (Ordre de l'Ontario) is the most prestigious official honour in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.

Structure and appointment
The Order of Ontario is intended to honour any current or former longtime resident of Ontario who has demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement in any field, demonstrating "the best of Ontario's caring and diverse society and [whose] lives have benefited society in Ontario and elsewhere." Canadian citizenship is not a requirement and elected or appointed members of a governmental body are ineligible as long as they hold office. There are no limits on how many can belong to the order or be invested at one time, though the average number of new members stands at 24 per year.

The process of finding qualified individuals begins with submissions from the public to the Ontario Honours and Awards Secretariat, which consists of the Chief Justice of Ontario (who serves as the chairperson), the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, the Secretary of the Cabinet, and up to six members of the Order of Ontario. This committee then meets once or twice yearly to make its selected recommendations to the Cabinet and works with that body in narrowing down the potential appointees to a list that will be submitted to the lieutenant governor. Since appointments to the Order of Ontario rely in part on ministerial advice, records of such proceedings are not publicly revealed, as affirmed in court proceedings undertaken in 2002 by an individual who had been mistakenly informed that she had been appointed to the order. Posthumous nominations are not accepted, though an individual who dies after their name was submitted to the Honours and Awards Secretariat can still be retroactively made a Member of the Order of Ontario. The lieutenant governor, ex officio a member and the Chancellor of the Order of Ontario, then makes all appointments into the fellowship's single grade of membership by an Order in Council that bears the viceroyal sign-manual; thereafter, the new members are entitled to use the post-nominal letters OOnt.

Insignia
Upon admission into the Order of Ontario, new members are presented with the order's insignia. The main badge consists of a gold medallion in the form of a stylized trillium, the official provincial flower. The obverse is white enamel with gold edging, bearing at its centre the escutcheon of the arms of Ontario, all surmounted by a St Edward's Crown symbolizing the Canadian monarch's role as the fount of honour. The name of the member is engraved on the reverse, along with the date of their investiture. The order's ribbon is patterned with vertical stripes in red, green, white, and gold, reflecting the colours within the provincial coat of arms. The insignia is worn suspended from this ribbon at the collar; women may carry theirs on a ribbon bow at the left chest. Members also receive two lapel pins that can be worn during less formal occasions, and an official certificate.

To mark the 30th anniversary of the first investiture of the Order of Ontario, a collar featuring the insignia of the order and symbols of Canada and Ontario was unveiled for the use of the Lieutenant Governor as Chancellor of the Order of Ontario.

title: Order of Ontario


text:
Union Party (United States)

The Union Party was a short-lived political party in the United States, formed in 1936 by a coalition of radio priest Father Charles Coughlin, old-age pension advocate Francis Townsend, and Gerald L. K. Smith, who had taken control of Huey Long's Share Our Wealth (SOW) movement after Long's assassination in 1935. Each of those people hoped to channel their wide followings into support for the Union Party, which proposed a populist alternative to the New Deal reforms of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression.

The party nominated a ticket consisting of Republican Congressman William Lemke and labor attorney Thomas C. O'Brien in the 1936 presidential election. Running against Republican nominee Alf Landon, Roosevelt won a second term with over 60% of the popular vote, while Lemke won just under 2% of the popular vote. The Union Party collapsed after the 1936 elections. Lemke served as a Republican Congressman until his death in 1950, while Coughlin and Townsend receded from national politics. Smith later founded the Christian Nationalist Crusade and became a prominent proponent of Holocaust denial.

Background
Many observers at the time felt that there was a place for a party more radical than Roosevelt and the Democrats but still non-Marxist in the political spectrum of the time.

Newton Jenkins's campaign in the 1935 Chicago mayoral election acted as an informal test-run for the fledgling movement behind the Union Party.

Rumored political aspirations of Huey Long
Although many people expected Huey Long, the colorful Democratic senator from Louisiana, to run as a third-party candidate with his "Share Our Wealth" program as his platform, his bid was cut short when he was assassinated in September 1935.

Prior to Long's death, leading contenders for the role of the sacrificial 1936 candidate included Senators Burton K. Wheeler (D-Montana) and William E. Borah (R-Idaho), and Governor Floyd B. Olson (FL-Minnesota). After the assassination, however, the two senators lost interest in the idea (Borah ran as a Republican, garnering only a few delegates and losing the nomination to Kansas governor Alf Landon) and Olson was diagnosed with terminal stomach cancer.

Problems and controversies
The Union Party suffered from a multiplicity of problems almost from the moment of its inception. A primary one was that each of the party's three principal leaders seemingly saw himself, not its presidential nominee William Lemke, as the real power figure and natural leader of the party. His charisma attracted more people than did the other candidates. Another was that each man's movement was largely held together by personality more than a truly cohesive ideology: in the case of Coughlin and Townsend their own personalities; in the case of Smith, the memory of the late Huey Long's charismatic personality. Smith himself was considered a far less charismatic figure. Some critics charged that the Union Party was in fact controlled by Father Coughlin, a former Roosevelt supporter who had broken with Roosevelt and by 1936 had become an antisemite. Smith had also turned to antisemitism, which was not consistent with the views of Long, Townsend, and Lemke, and reduced the appeal of the group among many progressives.

The Union Party attracted modest support from populists on both sides of the political spectrum who were unhappy with Roosevelt and from the remnants of earlier third parties such as the Farmer-Labor Party. Others such as The Nation magazine were wary of the new party and backed Roosevelt. Presaging more recent debates over the Reform Party, the Green Party, H. Ross Perot, and Ralph Nader, some falsely considered the party either a left-wing spoiler party which would hurt Roosevelt, or an unworkable alliance between left-wing and right-wing populists. More traditional parties on the left such as the Socialist Party denounced the Union Party.

1936 presidential nominee
William Lemke, a U.S. Congressman from North Dakota, was chosen as the party's nominee for the 1936 presidential election.

The vice-presidential nominee was Thomas C. O'Brien, a labor lawyer from Boston.

Other notable candidates
Jacob S. Coxey of Coxey's Army fame, socialist leader and frequent independent candidate for the United States Congress, ran for Congress in 1936 on the Union Party ticket in Ohio's 16th District. He received 2,384 votes or 1.6% of the vote (4th place).

Demise
The Union Party was disbanded shortly after the 1936 elections. Presidential nominee Lemke continued to serve in Congress as a Republican, and died in office while serving an eighth term. Father Coughlin announced his retirement from the airwaves immediately after the disappointing returns of the 1936 election, but returned to the air within a couple of months; upon U.S. entry into World War II, the Roman Catholic Church ordered Father Coughlin to retire from the airwaves and return to his duties as a parish priest, and he died in obscurity in 1979. Townsend, already quite elderly, saw his movement largely supplanted by the enactment of Social Security the next year and also largely became quite obscure afterwards, although he lived until 1960. Smith became even more of a radical fringe figure who eventually became an early proponent of Holocaust denial. He died in 1976.

Other namesakes
In the 1864 presidential election the Republican Party of incumbent President Abraham Lincoln ran as the "National Union Party" or "Union Party". The name was a reference to the Union faction of the American Civil War. Coughlin took the Union label for his own party, comparing the "financial slavery" of the 1930s to the "physical slavery" of the 1860s.

In the 1980 presidential election, John B. Anderson's independent bid for the presidency against Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter was in many states run on the party ballot line of the "National Union Party". Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote and no electoral votes.

title: Union Party (United States)


text:
Wirksworth

Wirksworth is a market, and former quarry town in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England. Its population of 4,904 in the 2021 census was estimated at 5,220 in 2023. Wirksworth contains the source of the River Ecclesbourne. The town was granted a market charter by Edward I in 1306 and still holds a market on Tuesdays in the Memorial Gardens. The parish church of St Mary's is thought to date from 653. The town developed as a centre for lead mining and stone quarrying. Many lead mines were owned by the Gell family of nearby Hopton Hall.

Name history
The name was recorded as " Werchesworde " in the Domesday Book of 1086 A.D. Outlying farms (berewicks) were Cromford, Middleton, Hopton, Wellesdene [sic], Carsington, Kirk Ireton and Callow. It gave its name to the earlier Wirksworth wapentake or hundred.

Survey of English Place-Names:

 * Wyrcesuuyrthe 835.
 * Werchesworde 1086.
 * Wirksworth(e) 1536.

Name toponym
The toponym might be:
 * Weorc's enclosure.
 * Wyrc's enclosure.
 * Fortified enclosure.

Examples of place names that might have a similar etymology:
 * Chisworth – " Cissa's enclosure ".
 * Hurworth-on-Tees – " Enclosure made with hurdles ".
 * Hollingworth – " Holly hedged enclosure ".

Early history
The origins of Wirksworth are thought to have related to the presence of thermal warm water springs nearby, coupled with a sheltered site at the head of a glaciated valley, able to yield cereals such as oats and provide timber suitable for building.

The Wirksworth area in the White Peak is known for Neolithic and Bronze Age remains. Woolly rhino bones were found by lead miners in 1822 in Dream Cave, on private land between Wirksworth and present-day Carsington Water. A nearby cave at Carsington Pasture yielded prehistoric finds in the late 20th century.

Lead mining
In Roman Britain, the limestone area of today's Derbyshire yielded lead, the prime site probably being Lutudarum in the hills south and west of present-day Matlock. Wirksworth is a candidate for the site of Lutudarum. Roman roads from Wirksworth lead to Buxton (The Street) and to Brough-on-Noe (The Portway). The town has the oldest charter of any in the Peak District, dating from 835, when the Abbess of Wirksworth granted nearby land to Duke Humbert of Mercia.

Many lead mines in Anglo-Saxon times were owned by Repton Abbey. Three of these are identified in Wirksworth's Domesday Book entry from 1086. Scientists studying a Swiss glacial ice core have found that levels of lead in European air pollution between 1170 and 1216 were similar to those during the Industrial Revolution, pointing to the local lead and silver smelting around Wirksworth, Castleton etc. as the main source with a remarkable correlation. There is a tiny carving in Wirksworth Church of a miner with a pick and whisket (basket). The figure is known as "T'Owd Man of Bonsall." It stood in Bonsall Church for centuries, but was moved for safekeeping during a restoration project. It was later found in a Bonsall garden and moved to Wirksworth by the vicar of the time. The ore was washed out through a sieve, whose iron wire had been drawn in Hathersage since the Middle Ages. Smelting took place in boles, hence the name Bolehill. The lead industry, the miner, the ore and the waste were also known collectively as "t'owd man".

A barmote court was established in the town in 1288 during the reign of Edward I in order to regulate lead mining. Anyone had a right to dig for ore wherever he chose, except in churchyards, gardens or roadways. All that was needed for a claim was to place one's stowce (winch) on the site and extract enough ore to pay tribute to the "barmaster". The present Moot Hall, where the barmote court met, dates from 1814.

By the 18th century there were many thousand lead mines worked individually. Daniel Defoe gives a first-hand account of such a family and the miner at work. At this time, the London Lead Company was formed to provide finance for deeper mines with drainage channels, called soughs, and introduce Newcomen steam-engine pumps.

Many institutions in the area have ties with the Gell family of nearby Hopton Hall. One member, Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, fought on Parliament's side in the Civil War. A predecessor, Anthony Gell, founded the local grammar school, and a successor, Phillip Gell, opened the Via Gellia (perhaps an allusion to the Roman Via Appia), a road from the family lead mines round Wirksworth to a smelter in Cromford. More recently he has been remembered in the name of Anthony Gell School.

Limestone
The carboniferous limestone around Wirksworth has been much quarried over the town's history, resulting in several rock faces and cliffs surrounding the town. There was a workhouse from 1724 to 1829 called Babington House standing on Green Hill and housing 60 inmates.

Industrial revolution
In 1777 Richard Arkwright leased land and premises for a corn mill from Philip Eyre Gell of Hopton and converted it to spin cotton, using his water frame. It was the world's first cotton mill to use a steam engine to replenish the millpond that drove its waterwheel. The mill was adjacent to another, Speedwell Mill, owned by John Dalley, a local merchant. Arkwright's mill was sublet in 1792, when Arkwright's son, Richard, began to sell off family property and move into banking. It was named Haarlem Mill in 1815, when converted to weaving tape by Madely, Hackett and Riley, who had set up Haarlem Tape Works in Derby in 1806. In 1879 the Wheatcroft family, which produced tape at Speedwell Mill, expanded into Haarlem. The two mills together employed 230; their weekly output was said to equal the circumference of the earth; Wirksworth was the main producer of red tape for Whitehall. These mills were close together at Miller's Green next to the Derby road. Haarlem Mill now houses an art collective; Speedwell Mill has been replaced by private houses and a carpentry workshop. The growing prosperity of the town led to the development of Wirksworth Town Hall in 1871.

Geography
In the 2011 census Wirksworth civil parish had 2,416 dwellings, 2,256 households and a population of 5,038.

Areas of Wirksworth include Yokecliffe to the west, Gorseybank and Bournebrook to the south-east, Miller's Green to the south-west, and Steeple Grange and Bolehill to the north. Bolehill, although technically a hamlet in its own right in Wirksworth's suburbs, is the oldest and most northerly part of the town, while Yokecliffe is a large estate in the westerly area. Modern houses have been built in the Three Trees area and at the bottom of Steeple Grange (Spring Close and Meerbrook Drive).

In the future, it is planned to build new housing estates to the north of the centre and in the disused Middle Peak Quarry. These will total around 800 houses if they come to fruition.

Education
There are five schools in Wirksworth: Church of England and county infants, and regularly combined but on two sites, Wirksworth Junior School, the Anthony Gell School and Callow Park College. Anthony Gell was a local, requested by Agnes Fearne to build a grammar school on her death. The original site is now a private house on the edge of the churchyard. The current school is an 11–18 comprehensive on a larger site by the Hannage Brook with about 800 pupils. The school's five houses are named after Fearne, Arkwright (Sir Richard Arkwright), Wright (Joseph Wright of Derby), Gell and Nightingale (Florence Nightingale). Its catchment area is the town and surrounding villages: Middleton, Carsington, Brassington, Kirk Ireton, Turnditch, Matlock Bath, Cromford and Crich. The Anthony Gell School qualifies as a Sports College.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals are received from the local relay TV transmitter.

Wirksworth's local radio stations are BBC Radio Derby on 95.3 FM, Capital Midlands on 102.8 FM, and Greatest Hits Radio Midlands on 101.8 FM.

The Matlock Mercury is the town's weekly local newspaper.

Events

 * Early April: Wirksworth Book Festival, launched in 2016, is a sister event to the Wirksworth Festival, celebrating books and reading, particularly local writers.
 * Early June: Wirksworth well dressing and carnival. This was adapted after the arrival of piped water, so that taps as well as wells are decorated.
 * First Sunday after 8 September: Clipping the church, an ancient custom, in which the congregation join hands to encircle the building. This occurs on the Sunday after the Feast of the Nativity, the church's dedication.
 * September: Wirksworth Festival, which has celebrated and promoted arts in the town since 1995. It features crafts, exhibitions and street theatre.
 * First weekend in December: The Glee Club holds an annual pantomime.

Community facilities
Fanny Shaw's Playing Field, just beyond the centre, is the main recreation area for the north of the town. It includes a play area. In the south is the "Rec", another children's play area, along with cricket and football pitches. There are public toilets in the car park alongside the United Reformed Church at Baromote Croft.

Cultural references
Haarlem Mill has been mentioned as the possible model for the mill in George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss. The town of Snowfield in George Eliot's Adam Bede is also said to be based in Wirksworth; Dinah Morris, a character in that novel, is based on Eliot's aunt, who lived in Wirksworth and whose husband ran the silk mill, which used to house the Wirksworth Heritage Centre.

Wirksworth was the main location of ITV's Sweet Medicine in 2003, having featured as an occasional location in its forerunner, Peak Practice. More recently, some of Mobile was filmed on a train on the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway, and much of an episode of the BBC series Casualty was set in the town.

Wirksworth features in the 2015 memoir The Long Road Out of Town by author and journalist Greg Watts, who grew up there.

Middle Peak Quarry, on the outskirts of Wirksworth, featured in the 2010 music video "Unlikely Hero" by the Hoosiers.

Town twinning
Wirksworth is twinned with Die in southern France and with Frankenau in the Kellerwald range south-west of the Talgang, Germany, through the Wirksworth Twinning Association.

Notable residents
In alphabetical order:
 * Lawrence Beesley (1877–1967) was an English science teacher, journalist and author who was a survivor of the sinking of Titanic.
 * Abraham Bennet (1749–1799) was curate of Wirksworth and did important early work in electricity, in association with Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of the naturalist Charles Darwin. There is a memorial plaque to him in Wirksworth Church and a portrait by an unknown artist.
 * Anthony Draycot (died 1571) was rector of the parish from 1535 until his imprisonment in 1560. He was the judge at the heresy trial where Joan Waste was condemned to be burnt.
 * D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930) lived at Mountain Cottage with his wife Frieda in 1918–1919. It stands below the B5023 road on the edge of Middleton-by-Wirksworth, about 1+1/2 mi north-west of Wirksworth. Lawrence reputedly spent time also at Woodland Cottage on the far side of New Road. While in Middleton in the bitter winter of 1918–1919, he wrote the short story "A Wintry Peacock", published in 1921.
 * Frederick Treves (1853–1923), surgeon and author, was in practice in the town in 1877–1879. A house in Coldwell Street is named after him.
 * John Woodward, naturalist (1665–1728), may have been born here.

Landmarks
Wirksworth civil parish contains 108 structures listed by Historic England for their historic or architectural interest. The Parish Church of St Mary is listed Grade I and eight structures (15 Market Place, 35 Green Hill, 1 Coldwell Street, Haarlem Mill, Wigwell Grange, the Red Lion Hotel, Gate House and the former grammar school) are Grade II*.

Wirksworth Heritage Centre is next to Walkers Butchers, down the lower end of Wirksworth. The display illustrates the history of Wirksworth from its prehistoric Dream Cave and woolly rhinos, through its Roman and lead mining histories, to modern times. Other nearby attractions include the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway, the Steeple Grange Light Railway and Peak District National Park.

The study Wirksworth and Five Miles Around, written by Richard R Hackett (1843–1900), includes census information, notes on church monuments, accounts of crimes, church wardens' accounts, maps, a transcription of "Ince's pedigrees", monument inscriptions and old photographs, parish registers and wills.

Hob (folklore)
Local place names suggest an association with Hob folklore:

 * Hob Hall and Hob Wood (Hobcrofte 1610).

 * Hob Hall, Hob Lane Farm, Gorsey Bank.

 * Hob Wood, near Gorsey Bank.

Holehouse Farm
Holehouse Farm is located in a sheltered valley a short distance south of Gorsey Bank.

The main building is a Grade II listed building.

The toponym for Holehouse might be:
 * House in a hollow.
 * House in a sheltered valley.

Examples of place names that might have a similar etymology:
 * Holehouse Mill, Chisworth, near Glossop, Derbyshire.

List of place names

List of curious place names in the parish of Wirksworth:

 * Bolehill (Boale Hill 1599).

 * The Gilkin (Gylk hyll 15th cent, Gilky banke 1620).

 * Hardhurst Farm (le Hardehirst 1415).

 * Ravens' Tor (Ravenslowe 1415).

title: Wirksworth


text:
George Foreman Grill

The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, also commonly referred to as simply the George Foreman Grill, is a portable double-sided electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by two-time world heavyweight boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide.

History
The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that cooked on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of differing thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as "The Fajita Express". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but garnered little interest.

The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton, Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells. One tray was for grease of fajita meat, and the second tray was to hold a taco shell, as was shown in the demonstration to Westfield in the original presentation at the Salton office in Mount Prospect, Illinois.

The Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, as it became known, was introduced in 1994 and promoted with distinctive infomercials which featured Foreman. A combination of his affable personality and the unique features of the product made it a huge success. Such was the popularity of these infomercials that Foreman's tagline, "It's so good I put my name on it!", is now part of popular culture. In Asia, the grill is endorsed and promoted by both George Foreman and Jackie Chan.

Design
The product has a clamshell design that simultaneously heats the top and bottom surfaces of the food, eliminating the need to flip it. Each heating surface is grooved to reduce contact area, and covered in a non-stick coating. The lower heating surface is angled to allow hot, liquid fat and other fluids to drain through the grooves into a removable drip tray, which shows the amount removed from the food. This arrangement has been marketed as a way to "knock out the fat", suggesting a healthier way to cook.

The grill is offered in various sizes for cooking individual or multiple servings. In 2006, the George Foreman "Next Grilleration" Health Grill was launched, featuring detachable grilling plates for easier cleaning. It has gone through several other versions, differing in their control interfaces and design.

In 2014, an updated Foreman Grill was released called the "Evolve Grill". The Evolve grill features interchangeable PTFE-free ceramic plates. The plates available are the traditional grill plates, waffle plates, a bake dish, mini burgers, a flat griddle, and a muffin pan.

Reception
The worldwide popularity of the George Foreman grill has resulted in sales of over 100 million units since it was first launched, a feat that was achieved in a little over 15 years. Although Foreman has never confirmed exactly how much he has earned from the endorsement, Salton, Inc. paid him $138 million in 1999 in order to buy out the right to use his name. Previous to that he was being paid about 40 percent of the profits on each grill sold, earning him $4.5 million a month at its peak, so it is estimated he has made a total of over $200 million from the endorsement, a sum that is substantially more than he earned as a boxer.

Competition
The success of the George Foreman Grill spawned a variety of similar celebrity-endorsed products, such as the Evander Holyfield Real Deal Grill, for which Holyfield starred in a 2007 infomercial, and the Carl Lewis Health Grill. None of these imitators, however, achieved the level of success of the Foreman Grill. The Jackie Chan Grill is the same grill as the George Foreman grill, but targets the Asian market, and is marketed by both Jackie Chan and George Foreman.

title: George Foreman Grill


text:
Richardville House

The Chief Jean Baptiste de Richardville House was built near Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1827. Subsidized by the U.S. federal government through the 1826 Treaty of Mississinewas, it is believed to be one of only three treaty houses built east of the Mississippi River. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on March 2, 2012.

History
Chief Richardville, the principal chief of the Miami from 1812 until his death in 1841, signed several treaties with the United States government as it negotiated with the Miami tribe for its eventual removal from Indiana as a recognized nation. Lands were reserved for Richardville's personal use, and $600 was provided for the building of a home.

The Richardville House's architecture reflects both Greek Revival and Federal styles. When completed, using both the government's and his own funds, Richardville's Fort Wayne home was the equal in style and grandeur of the homes of prominent white residents of the area at that time. The Allen County-Fort Wayne Historical Society acquired the house in 1991 with money donated by the Foellinger Foundation and the Ropchan Foundation.

Farther south and west lies the trading and meeting place where the Wabash River and the Wabash and Erie Canal intersected in Huntington, Indiana. Here is another home owned by Richardville (lived in by Chief LaFontaine)– a white, two-story Greek Revival filled with period furniture and portraits of the owners. This is also the site where treaties were signed. Today, this house forms the centerpiece of the historic Forks of the Wabash park.

title: Richardville House


text:
DHC

DHC may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Dance Hall Crashers, a popular Ska punk band
 * Discovery Health Channel, part of US Discovery TV channel

Aviation

 * de Havilland Canada, Canadian aircraft manufacturer:
 * DHC-1 Chipmunk
 * DHC-2 Beaver
 * DHC-3 Otter
 * DHC-4 Caribou
 * DHC-5 Buffalo
 * DHC-6 Twin Otter
 * DHC-7 Dash 7
 * DHC-8 Dash 8

Business

 * Daigaku Honyaku Center, a Japanese manufacturer of cosmetics and health foods
 * Dalian Hi-Think Computer, a Chinese outsourcing company
 * DHC Software, a Chinese company

Chemistry

 * Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicinoid occurring in pepper
 * Dihydrochalcone, a chemical compound
 * Dihydrocodeine

Sports

 * Dudley Hewitt Cup, Canadian ice hockey trophy
 * Xerxes/DHC, a former Dutch professional football team

Other

 * District heating and Cooling
 * Diocese of the Holy Cross, of the US Anglican Church
 * Doctor honoris causa, an honorary degree
 * Drop-Head Coupe, a British term for a convertible car
 * Brave New World Linda's father

title: DHC


text:
Francis Townsend

Francis Everett Townsend (January 13, 1867 – September 1, 1960) was an American physician and political activist in California. In 1933, he devised an old-age pension scheme to help alleviate the Great Depression. Known as the "Townsend Plan", this proposal would pay every person over age 60 $200 per month, with the requirement it all be spent quickly. It was never enacted but the popularity of the Plan influenced Congress to start the Social Security system, which involved much smaller amounts. The Plan was organized by real estate salesman Robert Clements, who made Townsend only a figurehead while the Plan expanded to thousands of clubs in many states. Townsend was born just outside Fairbury, Illinois, where he is memorialized by a post office named in his honor.

Life and career
Francis Everett Townsend was born the second of six children on January 13, 1867, in Fairbury, Illinois. After Townsend contracted swamp malaria as an infant, the Townsend family moved to Nebraska where Townsend had two years of high school education. In 1898, Townsend borrowed $1,000 from his father and moved to Southern California to develop a hay farming business. The business was not successful, and Townsend enrolled in Omaha Medical College when he was 31. After graduating, Townsend worked in the medical field in Belle Fourche, South Dakota, and met a nurse and his future wife, Wilhelmina "Minnie" Bogue. At age 50, Townsend enlisted as a doctor in the army one year before the end of World War I.

After the war ended in 1918, Townsend moved to Long Beach, California, to run a dry ice factory. After that business quickly failed, Townsend worked for real estate agent Robert Earl Clements in Midway City, California. Clements later masterminded the Townsend Plan. In 1930, at the start of the Great Depression, Townsend became a Long Beach city public health officer at age 63, but lost his job three years later.

Townsend died in Los Angeles on September 1, 1960. He is buried in Woodlawn Memorial Park in Compton, California.

Townsend Plan
The Townsend Plan proposed that every person over 60 be paid $200 per month. The Old-Age Revolving Pension fund was to be supported by a 2% national sales tax aiming to stimulate the economy.

There were three requirements for beneficiaries under the scheme:

 * they had to be retired;
 * they had to be "free from habitual criminality";
 * they had to spend the money within 30 days (to stimulate the economy).

Promoting the plan
In September 1933, Townsend wrote a letter to the editor of the local newspaper (the Long Beach Press-Telegram), and launched his career as an old-age activist. According to Townsend's autobiographical memoir, New Horizons (1943), his plan originated when he looked out his window one morning in the early depth of the Depression and saw two old women, dressed in once nice, now tattered clothes, picking through his garbage cans looking for food. Within two years of his putting forward his plan, over 3400 Townsend Plan Clubs were organized all over America and began exerting pressure on Congress to pass an old-age pension. Frances Perkins, President Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor, in her memoir, The Roosevelt I Knew (p. 294) says that Roosevelt told her, "We have to have it [Social Security]. Congress can't stand the pressure of the Townsend Plan unless we have a real old-age insurance system." As Roosevelt said, Social Security was passed by Congress substituting a pay-as-you-go "insurance" scheme for Townsend's far more generous pension plan, but as he told Perkins, it was the Townsend Clubs that forced Congress to act at all.

After the adoption of Social Security and Townsend's death
The movement continued beyond Townsend's death in 1960. In 1978, The Associated Press reported that the National Townsend Plan would be shut down by the end of February that year, with only state chapters surviving, and that by then it had a "dwindling and aging membership."

Investigation
A Congressional committee was established in February 1936 to investigate Townsend. One of the findings was that the Townsend organisation had raised over a million dollars and that Townsend had received a salary of $12,000 for the previous 12 months.

While being questioned Townsend became angry at the questioning and stormed out. He was prosecuted for contempt of Congress and sentenced to 30 days in prison. However, in 1938, just as he entered jail to serve his sentence, he was granted a pardon by President Roosevelt.

title: Francis Townsend


text:
St Thomas' Hospital

St Thomas' Hospital is a large NHS teaching hospital in Central London, England. Administratively part of the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, together with Guy's Hospital, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Royal Brompton Hospital and other sites. It is also a member of King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre, and is one of three sites used by King's College London GKT School of Medical Education.

Originally located in Southwark, but based in Lambeth since 1871, the hospital has provided healthcare freely or under charitable auspices since the 12th century. It is one of London's most famous hospitals, associated with people such as Sir Astley Cooper, William Cheselden, Florence Nightingale, Alicia Lloyd Still, Linda Richards, Edmund Montgomery, Agnes Elizabeth Jones and Sir Harold Ridley. It is a prominent London landmark – largely due to its location on the opposite bank of the River Thames to the Houses of Parliament.

St Thomas' Hospital is accessible from Westminster tube station (a 10-minute walk across Westminster Bridge), Waterloo station (tube and national rail, also a 10-minute walk) and Lambeth North tube station (another 10-minute walk).

The Hospital at The Borough, Southwark
The hospital was described as ancient in 1215 and was named after St Thomas Becket – which suggests it may have been founded after 1173 when Becket was canonised. This date was when it was relocated from the precinct of St Mary Overie Priory to "Trenet Lane", then later to St Thomas Street. However, it is possible it was only renamed in 1173 and that there was an infirmary at the priory when it was founded at Southwark in 1106.

Originally the hospital was run by a mixed order of Augustinian canons regular and canonesses regular, dedicated to St Thomas Becket, and provided shelter and treatment for the poor, sick, and homeless. In the 15th century, Richard Whittington endowed a lying-in ward for unmarried mothers. The monastery was dissolved in 1539 during the Reformation and the hospital closed but reopened in 1551 and rededicated to Thomas the Apostle. This was due to the efforts of the City of London who obtained the grant of the site and a charter of 1553 from Edward VI (26th June, 7 Edw. VI) establishing three institutions Bridewell Hospital, Christ's Hospital and St Thomas' Hospital. The hospital has remained open ever since.

The hospital was also where one of the first printed English Bibles was produced in 1537, and this is commemorated by a plaque on the surviving wing in Borough High Street. The plaque inaccurately refers to "the first printed Bible in English" rather than "one of the first".

There were some twenty-four priors, masters, wardens or rectors who served between the foundation of the hospital and the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539.

Dr. Eleazar Hodson was the first St Thomas' physician about whom the medical historian Joseph Frank Payne was able to find any precise information. Hodson received his medical degree at Padua in 1612 and became F.R.C.P. in 1618. At the end of the 17th century, the hospital and church were largely rebuilt by Sir Robert Clayton, president of the hospital and a former Lord Mayor of London. Thomas Cartwright was the architect for the work. A statue of Clayton now stands at the north entrance to Ward Block of North Wing at St Thomas' Hospital and is Grade I listed. In 1721 Sir Thomas Guy, a governor of St Thomas', founded Guy's Hospital as a place to treat 'incurables' discharged from St Thomas'.

Some parts of the old St Thomas' Hospital survive on the north side of St Thomas Street, Southwark including the old St. Thomas' Church, now used mostly as offices but including the Old Operating Theatre, which is now a museum. However the hospital left Southwark in 1862, when its ancient site was compulsorily purchased to make way for the construction of the Charing Cross railway viaduct from London Bridge Station. The hospital was temporarily housed at Royal Surrey Gardens in Newington (Walworth) until new buildings on the present site in Lambeth near Lambeth Palace were completed in 1871.

The Victorian hospital in Lambeth
The present-day St Thomas' Hospital is located at a site historically known as Stangate in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is directly across the River Thames from the Palace of Westminster on a plot of land largely reclaimed from the river during construction of the Albert Embankment in the late 1860s. The new buildings were designed by Henry Currey and the foundation stone was laid by Queen Victoria in 1868. There was a seventh pavilion at the north end of the site next to Westminster Bridge Road for the "Treasurer's House" (hospital offices). The hospital initially had 600 beds.

This was one of the first new hospitals to adopt the "pavilion principle" – popularised by Florence Nightingale in her Notes on Nursing – by having six separate ward buildings at right angles to the river frontage set 125 feet apart and linked by low corridors. The intention was primarily to improve ventilation and to separate and segregate patients with infectious diseases.

An urban legend suggests that by convention, deaths in the Palace of Westminster are recorded as occurring in St Thomas' Hospital, because it is technically a royal palace, and as such people who die there would be entitled to a state funeral. This is not true, since state funerals for any person other than a sovereign require an order from the reigning monarch as well as a parliamentary vote to authorise the funding.

A similar myth suggests that the place of death is changed because a death in a royal palace would require an inquest from the Coroner of the Queen's Household and a hearing before a jury of members of the Royal Household. Although the position of Coroner of the Queen's Household was abolished by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, in the past the Coroner was responsible for inquests where the victim was "lying within the limits of the Queen's palaces", which would have included the Palace of Westminster. However, there is no proof that deaths at Westminster were ever reported as happening at St Thomas' Hospital to avoid involving the Coroner. When Sir Alfred Billson died in the House of Commons in 1907, his death was recorded as occurring in the House and not at St Thomas' Hospital.

The hospital was requisitioned by the War Office in 1914 to create the 5th London General Hospital, a facility for the Royal Army Medical Corps to treat military casualties.

Post-war rebuilding
The northern part of the hospital site was severely damaged during the Second World War, with three ward blocks destroyed. Limited reconstruction began in the 1950s including the building now known as East Wing. Complete rebuilding to a more ambitious plan to designs by Yorke Rosenberg Mardall was agreed on in the 1960s requiring the realignment of Lambeth Palace Road further away from the river to enlarge the hospital campus. The new buildings have white-tiled cladding, which was a characteristic of several other university and hospital buildings designed by that practice.

As construction of the thirteen storey block (now North Wing) was completed by John Laing & Sons in 1975 there was a widespread public reaction against the scale and appearance of this building – most notably from MPs who could see it from the river terrace of the Palace of Westminster. The southern part of the redevelopment, which would have included a second tall block, was never constructed. The three remaining Victorian ward pavilion blocks were refurbished in the 1980s. They are now Grade II listed buildings.

In November 1949, in an operating theatre in St Thomas' Hospital, Harold Ridley achieved the world's first implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL), treating a cataract in a 49-year-old female patient. In later life Ridley himself underwent successful bilateral intraocular lens implantation at St Thomas's. What was most pleasing to him was that he had the operation done in the same hospital where he had performed the first operation in 1949. Ridley was subsequently made a Knight Bachelor "for pioneering services to cataracts surgery".

With the closure of the Dreadnought Seamen's Hospital at the Greenwich Hospital in 1986, services for seamen and their families are provided by the Dreadnought Unit at St Thomas' Hospital. It allows eligible merchant seafarers access to priority medical treatment, except cardiac surgery, and is funded by central government with money separate from other NHS trust funds. It originally consisted of two 28-bed wards, but nowadays Dreadnought patients are treated according to clinical need and so are placed in the ward most suitable for their medical condition.

Following the merger of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals into one trust, accident and emergency services were consolidated at St Thomas' Hospital in 1993. Former prime minister Harold Wilson died at the hospital on 24 May 1995, as a result of cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In the late 1980s Dr Chris Aps introduced changes at St Thomas' Hospital which allowed cardiothoracic surgical patients to recover away from the intensive care unit in an overnight intensive recovery unit: this has become a template for similar units across the United Kingdom. In October 2005 children's departments moved to new facilities designed by Michael Hopkins at Evelina London Children's Hospital to the south-east of St Thomas' Hospital.

Response to COVID-19
As the situation in Wuhan deteriorated, at the end of January 2020, four hospital trusts in the UK, including St Thomas' and The Royal Free were put on standby to receive suspected patients.

After testing positive to COVID-19 on 27 March, Prime Minister Boris Johnson was admitted to St Thomas' on 5 April and as his condition deteriorated, he was moved to intensive care later that day. He was moved out of intensive care on 9 April and discharged 3 days later.

Facilities
The current main pedestrian entrance is in Westminster Bridge Road, although there is a separate vehicle and A&E entrance in Lambeth Palace Road; there is also a riverside pedestrian entrance, and the Lane Fox Unit (chronic respiratory problems) has its own riverside entrance, mainly for the use of patients on the Lane Fox Ward. The pedestrian entrance to the campus leads to a glazed link between the Lambeth Wing and the North Wing. Guy's and St Thomas' Charity commissioned sculptor Rick Kirby to produce a sculpture "", and this was unveiled in 2000 outside the Main Entrance. To the north of the North Wing (closer to Westminster Bridge Road) there is a garden area above car parking with Naum Gabo's fountain sculpture Revolving Torsion at its centre.

Tommy's is a UK-based charity that funds research into pregnancy problems and provides information to parents. The charity believes that it is unacceptable that one in four women in the UK will lose a baby during pregnancy and birth. It started when two obstetricians working in the maternity unit at the hospital were inspired to start fundraising for more research into pregnancy problems. It funds three research centres in the UK, including St Thomas' in London, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, and the recently established Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.

Name
The use of the plural genitive s' in place of the singular genitive s's is fairly recent. The hospital newsletter in 2004 claimed that plural s' is grammatically correct, as "there are two men called St Thomas linked to the hospital's history: Thomas Becket and Thomas the Apostle". A hospital belonging to two men, both called Thomas, would be Thomases', so the name change in the late 20th century is considered by some to be a simple mistake.

Within the South Wing of the hospital there are a number of late Victorian brass plaques headed "St Thomas's Hospital" i.e. using singular genitive. However, the medical school used the singular genitive s's; the explanation given for this was that as the medical school of the hospital it was called "St Thomas's Hospital Medical School" (although following this logic it should perhaps have been called "St Thomas's Hospital's Medical School").

Medical training at St Thomas' Hospital
St Thomas's Hospital Medical School was established in 1550. Following the establishment of Guy's Hospital as a separate institution, this continued as a single medical school, commonly known as The Borough Hospitals, with teaching across St Thomas' and Guy's Hospitals. Following a dispute over the successor to the Surgeon Astley Cooper, Guy's established its own separate medical school in 1825.

The medical school subsequently remerged in 1982 with that at Guy's to form the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals (UMDS). Subsequent additions included the Royal Dental Hospital of London School of Dental Surgery joining with Guy's Dental School on 1 August 1983 and St John's Institute of Dermatology on 1 August 1985. The latter had previously been located at 5 Lisle Street in Soho.

Following discussion held between 1990 and 1992 with King's College London and the King's College London Act 1997, the UMDS merged in 1998 with King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry to form as The Guy's, Kings & Thomas' Schools of Medicine (GKT School of Medicine), of Dentistry and of Biomedical Sciences. This was renamed as King's College London School of Medicine and Dentistry at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals in 2005.

Nurse training at St.Thomas' Hospital
The Nightingale Training School and Home for Nurses opened at St Thomas' Hospital on 9 July 1860 under Matron Sarah Elizabeth Wardroper, endowed from the publicly donated Fund raised after the Crimean War to honour Florence Nightingale. Alicia LLoyd Still (matron of the hospital and superintendent of the training school from 1913 to 1937) created the first post of sister tutor, setting a model internationally. The school merged with other training schools in the 1990's, then became the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, part of King's College London.

In popular culture

 * In the 1975 crime film Brannigan, interior shots in an office set with a Thames river view constructed on an upper floor in the north-east corner of the (built but not yet commissioned) North Wing stood in for "Scotland Yard" in scenes between John Wayne (Chicago police detective Brannigan) and Richard Attenborough (Metropolitan Police Commander Swann).
 * Graham Swift's 1996 novel Last Orders features several scenes from the hospital where one of the main characters, Jack Dodds, dies from cancer.
 * The main building was used as the exterior shot of the fictional Royal Hope Hospital featured in the Doctor Who episode "Smith and Jones".
 * The hospital also featured in the 2002 film 28 Days Later in which the hospital was abandoned due to the nationwide outbreak of a deadly virus which causes its victims to go insane.
 * Popular novelist Lucilla Andrews trained as a nurse at St Thomas' during the Second World War, and her experiences there are recounted in her autobiography No Time for Romance as well as being the basis for a series of wartime romances set in a fictional hospital inspired by St Thomas'.
 * The Kinks' "Waterloo Sunset" was inspired in part by songwriter Ray Davies' view over the Thames from St. Thomas while he was a patient there following a tracheotomy at age 13.

title: St Thomas' Hospital


text:
Beast of Busco

In Indiana folklore, the Beast of Busco is an enormous snapping turtle which citizens claimed to have seen in 1949. Despite a month-long hunt that briefly gained national attention, the "Beast of Busco" was never found.

History
In 1898, a farmer named Oscar Fulk claimed to have seen a giant turtle living in the seven-acre lake on his farm near Churubusco, Indiana. He told others about it, but eventually he decided to drop the matter.

A half century later, in July 1948, two Churubusco citizens, Ora Blue and Charley Wilson, also reported seeing a huge turtle (weighing an estimated 500 pounds) while fishing on the same lake, which had come to be known as Fulk Lake. A farmer named Gale Harris owned the land at that time. Harris and others also reported seeing the creature. Word spread.

In early 1949, a UPI reporter from Fort Wayne sent the story out on the wire services, and the turtle became nationally famous.

Curious mobs of sightseers began to invade Harris’ land forcing state police to be called in for traffic control.

After many doubted the existence of the turtle, Harris made several attempts to catch the beast, including draining the lake by pumping the water into an area sealed off by a dam with the help of Orville Bright and Kenneth Leitch only for the dam to break when the lake had almost been entirely drained. But despite many attempts, "Oscar" (named after the original owner of the farm) was never captured.

In March 1949, an attempt to send a deep-sea diver into the pond failed when the wrong equipment was delivered to the Harris farm.

A photographer for Life Magazine, Mike Shea, took 299 photos at the site, but they were deemed unusable.

Cultural impact
Oscar's memory lives on in Churubusco's Turtle Days festival held each June. It includes a parade, carnival and turtle races.

A turtle shell labeled "Beast of Busco" hangs in the Two Brothers Restaurant in Decatur, Indiana.

A small concrete statue of a turtle sits on the sidewalk at the main intersection in the center of Churubusco.

title: Beast of Busco


text:
Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret

The Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret at 9a St Thomas Street is a museum of surgical history and one of the oldest surviving operating theatres. It is located in the garret of St Thomas's Church, Southwark, in London, on the original site of St Thomas' Hospital.

History
There is little information about operating theatres at Old St Thomas from its foundation till the 18th century. The church that contains the Old Operating Theatre Museum was built at the end of the 17th century, when the hospital and church were largely rebuilt by Sir Robert Clayton, president of the hospital and a former Lord Mayor of the City of London. He employed Thomas Cartwright, master mason to Christopher Wren at St Mary-Le-Bow, as architect. The new church was fitted out with a large garret constructed in the 'aisled-barn' tradition. There is very little information about the garret except that it was fitted with wooden storage racks, and was described as "the herb garret" in 1821. Dried heads of opium plants were found in the rafters. It is likely that the garret was used by the hospital's resident apothecary to store and cure medicinal herbs.

In 1822 part of the herb garret was converted into a purpose-built operating theatre; previously operations had taken place on the ward. Windows were provided for the garret at the same time, suggesting that its function changed from storage to a working environment. This strange situation was due to the female surgical ward's abutting the garret, which may have been used as a recovery ward.

In 1859, Florence Nightingale became involved with St Thomas's, setting up on this site her famous nursing school. On her advice the hospital agreed to move to a new site when the Charing Cross Railway Company offered to buy the hospital's land. In 1862, the hospital began the move to its present site at Lambeth, and the operating theatre was closed, lying undiscovered until 1957.

Use
The patients were mainly poor people who were expected to contribute to their care if they could afford it. Rich patients were treated and operated on at home rather than in hospital. The patients at the old operating theatre were all women.

Until 1847, surgeons had no recourse to anaesthetics and depended on swift technique (surgeons could perform an amputation in a minute or less), the mental preparation of the patient, and alcohol or opiates to dull the patient's senses. Thereafter, ether or chloroform started to be used. The operating theatre had closed down before antiseptic surgery was developed. The majority of cases were for amputations or superficial complaints as, without antiseptic conditions, it was too dangerous to do internal operations.

A description of the students packing the theatre to witness an operation was left by a St Thomas surgeon, John Flint South:

"The first two rows ... were occupied by the other dressers, and behind a second partition stood the pupils, packed like herrings in a barrel, but not so quiet, as those behind them were continually pressing on those before and were continually struggling to relieve themselves of it, and had not infrequently to be got out exhausted. There was also a continual calling out of "Heads, Heads" to those about the table whose heads interfered with the sightseers."

Patients put up with the audience, to their distress, because they received medical treatment from some of the best surgeons in the land, which otherwise they could not afford. Wealthy patients of the surgeons would have been operated on, by choice, at home, probably on the kitchen table.

The risk of death at the hands of a surgeon was greatly increased by the lack of understanding of the causes of infection. Although cleanliness was a moral virtue, descriptions suggest that a surgeon was as likely to wash his hands after an operation as before. The old frock coats worn by surgeons during operations were, according to a contemporary, 'stiff and stinking with pus and blood'. Beneath the table was a sawdust box for collecting blood. The death rate was further heightened by the shock of the operation, and because operations took place as a last resort, patients tended to have few reserves of strength.

Modern museum
In 1962, after 100 years of disuse, the garret and operating theatre were opened to the public as the current museum. The museum consists of:

 * The oldest surviving operating theatre in the UK (dating from 1822), used in the days before anaesthetics and antiseptic surgery
 * The herb garret used by the hospital's apothecary to store and cure herbs used in healing
 * A collection of artefacts revealing the horrors of medicine before the age of science, including instruments for cupping, bleeding, trepanning, and childbirth
 * Displays on medieval monastic health care; the history of St Thomas's, Guy's Hospital and Evelina Children's Hospital; Florence Nightingale and nursing; and medical and herbal medicine

The museum is a member of the London Museums of Health & Medicine.

The building is listed Grade II* on the National Heritage List for England.

A nearby London Underground and National Rail station is London Bridge.


text:
Saint Mary's Huskies

The Saint Mary's Huskies are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Saint Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Their primary home turf is Huskies Stadium, located in the centre of the university's campus.

In September 2007, Saint Mary's announced the plans to build the new Homburg Centre for Health & Wellness, that will comprise the current gymnasium (The Tower), the new Dauphinee Arena, and a new building to connect the two. The centre is to be named after Richard Homburg, who provided a $5 million gift to the project, the largest gift the university has received in its 205-year history. The Dauphinee Arena, completed in 2019, has an NHL-sized ice surface and a seating capacity of 875. The arena is named for the late Mr. Bob Dauphinee, who was a strong supporter of the Huskies hockey team for over 50 years. Upon his death in 2001, Mr. Dauphinee left an estate gift to the university of $2.1 million.

Men's Basketball
The Huskies have the second-most Atlantic Conference Championships (14), their last being the 2013–14 season. Of the AUS conference teams, the Huskies have the most U Sports Championships, winning the W. P. McGee Trophy four times: in 1973, 1978, 1979, and most recently in 1999.

Saint Mary's University was the host venue for the championship tournament four times: in 1965, 1976, 1977, and 1978. The tournament was hosted in Halifax again for 24 consecutive years, first at Dalhousie University from 1984 to 1987 and then at the Halifax Metro Centre from 1988-2007. The tournament returned to the Metro Centre for the 2011 and 2012 championships.

Women's Basketball
The women's team is in a tie with the Memorial Sea-Hawks for the third-most Atlantic Conference Championships (7), their last being the 2023-24 season. The women have competed in the U Sports Women's Basketball Championships seven times, winning a CIS Silver Medal in 2014, and Bronze Medals in 2016 and 2013.

Huskies football
The Huskies football team reached the Vanier Cup eight times between 1988 and 2007, winning in 2001 and 2002. They were the third university to win back-to-back championships, and the first of three universities to appear in at least three consecutive championship tournaments (2001–2003).

Men's Hockey
The Huskies have the third-most Atlantic Conference Championships (13), their last being the 2009–10 season. In 2010, the Huskies won their first U Sports University Cup by defeating the Alberta Golden Bears 3–2 in overtime. This was the Huskies' fifth appearance in the championship final and their first since 1973.

Women's Hockey
The women's team has won the second-most Atlantic Conference Championships (7), and they are the current champions (2017-18 season). The Huskies have yet to compete in the U Sports Women's Ice Hockey Championship final.

Women's Rugby
Since rugby became a fully sanctioned Atlantic University Sport in 2002, the Huskies have finished runner up four times (2002, 2007, 2008 and 2009) to the St. Francis Xavier X-Women.

Men's Soccer
The men's team is tied with the Dalhousie Tigers for the second-most Atlantic Conference Championships (13), with their most recent in the 2011 season. The men reached the U Sports Men's Soccer Championship five times (1979, 1989, 2000, 2003, and 2011) but have yet to win the championship.

Women's Soccer
The women's team are tied with the St. Francis Xavier X-Women for the fourth-most Atlantic Conference Championships (2), their last title being in 2002.

Women's Volleyball
The Huskies women's volleyball program is tied with the Moncton Aigles Bleues for the third-most Atlantic Conference Championships (6), with their last being for the 2011–12 season.

title: Saint Mary's Huskies


text:
User talk:Kpflude

Hi. I think its great that you are also writing articles about Southwark. I've done Borough Market, Winchester Palace and a few others. Secretlondon 23:18, Nov 28, 2003 (UTC)

I don't know if this helps but:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date
 * Ask questions on Village pump
 * Have fun.

-- Secretlondon 23:31, Nov 28, 2003 (UTC)

Hi. You can't copy text from other web sites as it's a breach of copyright. Secretlondon 12:22, Nov 29, 2003 (UTC)

I am a member of the London Museums of Health and Medicine and was setting the link up for the group and so took the text from the web site deliberating as the group had agreed that wording.

I've no idea how to set up a new page to set up a redirect and the sandbox was little help so this is an attempt to do it:

St Thomas Church St Thomas' Church St. Thomas Hospital St Thomas' Hospital

Please note that User:Flude Kevin is not your user page - User:Kpflude is. You may want to copy the content. If you wish to change user name, see Changing username. Thanks :) Dysprosia 09:10, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi - image uploading is down at the moment because of the recent server problems. It should be back up soon. Secretlondon 17:13, Jan 4, 2004 (UTC)

I added a link to special:upload on Image use policy. --snoyes 18:54, 4 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Picture upload is working now. Secretlondon 22:53, Jan 5, 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I partially undid your work on Aethelred of Mercia, because it's the standard for rulers to be " of "; adding "Earl" to the other and making a link in itals at the top of the king's page is sufficient for reader navigation and avoids having to fix a bunch of existing links. Stan 15:27, 6 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, stan, I seem to leave a lot of tidying up in my wake!

kevin

 * No problem, even tho I've been doing this for nearly a year, my watchlist still shows more than a few people cleaning up after me - it's amazing what extra pairs of eyes will notice! Stan 18:15, 6 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Robert Liston
I see you added the anesthetic story to Robert Liston. I can't find any biographies of him. I'd like to learn more about him and the 1864 anesthetic race. Can you help me at all?'bitchen' ric 23:13, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Kpflude! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:50, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Richard Gilbert Scott -

Possibly unfree File:Notice board at Castello a Mare.jpg
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File source and copyright licensing problem with File:Palermo corso alberto feb 12 2347.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Palermo corso alberto feb 12 2347.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status and its source. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously.

I took the photograph and am happy for it to be used - but despite all your references to the copyright needing to be asserted there is no link I can see to click on to make the copyright clear.

If you did not create this work entirely yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. You will also need to state under what licensing terms it was released. Please refer to the image use policy to learn what files you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. The page on copyright tags may help you to find the correct tag to use for your file.

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Broken link
The link you inserted in the article on Dark Earth is broken. Could you please correct it, if possible, or if not delete it? Thanks! --Julien Demade (talk) 16:29, 10 July 2015 (UTC)

I cannot find a broken link that I inserted

kevin — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.103.34.119 (talk) 15:15, 15 July 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Kpflude


text:
Saskatchewan Huskies

The Saskatchewan Huskies are the athletics teams representing the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The university began their athletics program in 1907 and has competed with others since 1911. They currently compete in elite inter-university competition administered by U Sports and its members, both as regions and as individual institutions.

The University of Saskatchewan is a member of the Canada West Regional Association, one of four such associations within U Sports. The Huskie Athletics program is administered at the University of Saskatchewan by the college of Kinesiology. At various times in its history, Huskie Athletics has offered teams in 24 different sports. At present date, there are 15 teams in the following sports: men's Canadian football and both men's and women's teams in basketball, cross country, ice hockey, soccer, track and field, volleyball, and wrestling.

Both the football and soccer teams play their home games at Griffiths Stadium, while the men and women's hockey teams play at Merlis Belsher Place.

Awards and standings
The Huskies are year after year one of the top sport schools in Canada. The football team is recognized as one of the best programs in U Sports. The football team has won the Vanier Cup as National Champions on 3 occasions (1990, 1996, and 1998) and have been runners up on 6 occasions since 1989.

The men's volleyball has been national champions on four occasions, in 1979, 1988, 1999, and 2004. They continue to have a strong team each year. The U of S Huskies have also recently achieved success in men's and women's basketball, and wrestling.

The most successful Huskie team is the Men's and Women's Track and Field teams. Combined they have won the Canada West conference championship 38 times and the national championships 12 times. Most of these championships were won under the leadership of Lyle Sanderson.

Championships
Note: The Huskies no longer participate in Field Hockey or Swimming and Diving.

Huskies football
The football program at the University of Saskatchewan is one of the more successful programs. They have captured 18 Canada West championships, appeared in 9 Vanier Cup games, winning 3 of them. They play their games at Griffiths Stadium and have hosted many playoff games, including the 2006 Vanier Cup.

Huskies men's hockey
The University of Saskatchewan men's hockey team played their first season in 1909–1910. The current program consists of former major junior and junior A hockey players from across Canada. Since 2018, the Huskies play their home games at Merlis Belsher Place, which replaced Rutherford Arena. The Huskies won their ninth Canada West Championship during the 2015–2016 season. In 2017, the Huskies lost the University Cup final by a score of 5–3 to the University of New Brunswick. In 1983, the Huskies won their only University Cup.

The Huskies have a list of alumni who have played or coached in the National Hockey League. Among those included are Mike Babcock, the former coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs, and Todd McLellan, the current coach of the Los Angeles Kings. In 2017, Huskie's goaltender Jordan Cooke was the first active U Sports player to be named to Team Canada's Spengler Cup roster.

Basketball

 * Sarah Crooks, CIS 4x All Canadian, CIS 2x Nann Copp Trophy Winner, Canadian National Team player
 * Andrew Spagrud, 2003–04 CIS Dr. Peter Mullins Trophy winner

Cross-Country

 * Jamie Epp, 2xCIAU/CIS Champion and MVP (2000, 2002), 4xAll XC All Canadian, 5x Canadian National Team Member (1999 World Jr XC, 1999 Pan Am Jr Track, 2000 & 2002 FISU XC, 2003 World Sr. XC). Was also a 12x CIAU/CIS medallist in Track and Field

Men's

 * Jon Barkman, forward, 2001–02 CIS Senator Joseph A. Sullivan Award winner, 2001–02 CIS R.W. Pugh Award winner
 * Robin Bartel, former defense, Calgary Flames and Vancouver Canucks
 * Jason Becker, defense, 1995-96 CIS Clare Drake Award winner
 * Dave Chambers, former head coach of the Huskies ice hockey team and the Quebec Nordiques.
 * Gerry Couture, former forward, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens and Chicago Blackhawks
 * Willie Desjardins, forward, 1982-83 CIS Major W.J. "Danny" McLeod Award winner
 * Dave Dunn, former defense, Vancouver Canucks and Toronto Maple Leafs
 * Bill Hay, former forward, Chicago Blackhawks
 * Dave King, former head coach, Calgary Flames and Columbus Blue Jackets, 1979-80 CIS Father George Kehoe Memorial Award winner
 * Ed Litzenberger, former forward, Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks
 * Ken Lovsin, former defense, Washington Capitals, 1994 Olympic silver medal, Ice Hockey
 * Charlie Mason, former forward, New York Rangers, New York Americans, Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks
 * Eddie McCalmon, former forward, Chicago Blackhawks and Philadelphia Quakers
 * Ross McKay, former goaltender, Hartford Whalers
 * Earl Miller, former forward, Chicago Blackhawks and Toronto Maple Leafs

Soccer

 * Kaylyn Kyle, midfielder, former Canadian National Team player, 2012 Olympic bronze medal
 * Brett Levis, midfielder, FC Tulsa player

Track and field

 * Cyprian Enweani, 1988 Summer Olympian, 200 metres, 1988 Summer Olympian, 4 X 100 metre
 * Kelsie Hendry, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05 CIS Women's Outstanding Track Athlete winner, 2008 Summer Olympian, Pole Vault, 2010 Commonwealth Games, Pole Vault, Bronze Medal
 * Courtney Hufsmith, 2019 FISU bronze medallist in 1500m Athletics at the 2019 Summer Universiade – Women's 1500 metres

Volleyball

 * Bryan Fraser, 2009-2014 Canada West Universities Athletic Association All Star Team 2012-2013 & 2013–2014. Canada men's national volleyball team 2015–present, United Volleys 2015–2016, Abiant Lycurgus 2016-2017
 * Kris Brand, Outside Hitter VC Franken, Indios de Mayaguez, Knack Randstad Roeselare
 * Tom Graham, 1986-87 CIS Men's Volleyball Coach of the Year winner

Awards and honors
The Saskatchewan Huskies athletics awards are known as the Major 7. The Female Athlete of the Year is awarded the Mary Ethel Cartwright Trophy, while the Male Athlete of the Year is the recipient of the E. Kent Phillips Trophy. Given to the Men's Rookie of the Year is the Howard Nixon Trophy. The Huskies' Female Rookie of the Year is bestowed the Patricia Lawson Trophy.

In recognition of an All-Around Female Athlete that has demonstrated leadership, sportsmanship, academic ability and athletic prowess, the Valerie Girsberger Trophy is awarded. Recognizing a male athlete's highest qualities of sportsmanship and citizenship, the Rusty MacDonald Cup is awarded. The Huskies award for the Coach of the Year is known as the Colb McEwon Trophy. As a side note, the Huskies also recognize trainers with the Dr. Walter Hader Student Trainer of the Year award.

Athletes of the Year
This is an incomplete list

Canada West Hall of Fame

 * Brent Schneider, Football: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Willie Desjardin, Men's Hockey: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Huskies, Men's Hockey, 1980-1983: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Darcey Busse, Men's Volleyball: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Adam Ens, Men's Volleyball: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Lyle Sanderson, Men's Track & Field: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Gordon Garvie, Men's Wrestling: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Jamie Epp, Men's Cross-Country/Track & Field: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Sarah Crooks, Women's Basketball: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Breanne George, Women's Hockey: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Mark Tennant, Women's Volleyball: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Huskiettes, Volleyball, 1978-81: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Kelsie Hendry, Women's Track & Field: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Ethel Mary Cartwright, Builder-General: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Dr. Sylvia Fedoruk, Builder- BB, VB, Track: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Pat Jackson, Builder: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Val Schneider, Builder: 2019-2020 inductee(inaugural class)
 * Diane Jones-Konihowski: Women's Track and Field: 2020-2021 inductee

title: Saskatchewan Huskies


text:
Manitoba Bisons

The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The football team plays their games at Princess Auto Stadium. The soccer team play their home games at the University of Manitoba Soccer Fields while the track and field teams use the University Stadium as their home track. The University has 18 different teams in 10 sports: basketball, curling, cross country running, Canadian football, golf, ice hockey, soccer, swimming, track & field, and volleyball.

Men's ice hockey
The Bisons iced a junior ice hockey team in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. The Bisons won four consecutive Turnbull Cups as Manitoba junior champions in 1922, 1923, 1924, and 1925.

The 1923 Bisons team won the Allan Cup, Memorial Cup and Abbott Cup, and were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame. The roster included J.A. Wise (Forward), C.E. Williams (Sub Forward), C.S. Doupe (Sub Goal), F. Robertson (Sub Defence), R.E. Moulden (Forward), A.I. Chapman (Defence), Blake Watson (Forward), Murray Murdoch (Captain & Centre), A.T. Puttee (Goal), J. Mitchell (Forward), A. Johnson (Defence), S.B. Field (Secretary/Treasurer), R.L. Bruce (Manager), H. Andrews (President), Hal Moulden (Coach), Walter Robertson (Trainer).

The school's senior ice hockey team won the 1931 World Ice Hockey Championships playing as the University of Manitoba Grads, and were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category. The roster included Sammy McCallum, Gordon MacKenzie, Blake Watson, Art Puttee, Frank Morris, George Hill, Ward McVey, Jack Pidcock, Guy "Weary" Williamson.

In December 1934, the university appealed to W. A. Fry and the Amateur Athletic Union of Canada regarding a decision by the Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA) which did not require university students be released from a private club team to play for the school team. Fry agreed with the university, stating that students are under the jurisdiction of the school unless released by the school to play for a club team. He also stated that AAU of C rulings should be respected by affiliated organizations, such as the MAHA.

The 1965 Bisons won the David Johnston University Cup as the Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union champions, and were also inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame.

NHL alumni
List of National Hockey League alumni of the Bisons:

• Clint Albright

• Andy Blair

• Art Chapman

• Tom Cook

• Jimmy Creighton

• Stu Grimson

• George Maneluk

• Morris Mott

• Murray Murdoch

• Don Raleigh

• Mike Ridley

• Gus Rivers

• Jack Ruttan

• Wilfie Starr

• Ron Talakoski

Other notable people

 * Wayne Fleming, National Hockey League coach, and Manitoba Bisons coach
 * Bob Lowes, Two-time Canadian Hockey League Coach of the Year
 * Claude C. Robinson, Canadian ice hockey and sports executive, inductee into the Hockey Hall of Fame and the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame
 * Barry Trotz, 1994 Calder Cup and 2018 Stanley Cup champion head coach, two-time Jack Adams Award winner

Football
The Bisons football program includes one of only four U Sports football teams to have won back-to-back Vanier Cup championships, having won in 1969 and 1970. In total, the Bisons have won three Vanier Cup national championships and 11 Hardy Trophy conference championships.

Notable players
 * Israel Idonije, Nigerian-Canadian professional American football defensive end, primarily for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League.
 * David Onyemata, Nigerian-Canadian professional American football defensive tackle for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL 2016)

Soccer
Manitoba Bisons ladies team plays in Canada West’s Universities Athletic Association.

Notable alumni

 * Dalima Chhibber, Indian soccer player
 * Gordon Orlikow (b. 1960), decathlon, heptathlon, and hurdles competitor, Athletics Canada Chairman, Canadian Olympic Committee member, Korn/Ferry International partner; competed for the Manitoba Bisons in track and field, and is honored on the Bisons Walkway of Honour.
 * David Onyemata, defensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons

Awards and honours

 * 2020 Lieutenant Governor Athletic Awards: Kelsey Wog, Swimming

Canada West Hall of Fame

 * Colleen Dufresne, Basketball Coach: Canada West Hall of Fame - 2019 Inductee
 * Desiree Scott, Soccer: Canada West Hall of Fame - 2019 Inductee

title: Manitoba Bisons


text:
Talk:Close communion

It would seem this redirect implies that close communion and closed communion are always the same. In Baptist usage, and probably some other "believers church" groups, they are not the same.

title: Talk:Close communion