text:
Talk:Reflex

Untitled
In the remark about Pavlov, conditional reflex is correct - please do not change it to conditioned reflex. seglea 00:45, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC) (Professor of Psychology, PhD, umpteen other letters after name, etc, etc - look, I know what I'm talking about on this one).

Physiology
The physiology of reflexes is a key factor missing from this article. It would be greatly appreciated if an expert on the topic could put in necessary information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.101.89.179 (talk) 15:22, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Out of date definition
In medicine, a reflex a.k.a. a reflex action is an involuntary reaction of the body to a stimulus. It is performed in consequence of an impulse or impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center, from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls into action certain muscles, organs, or cells.

grasping reflex?
It's mentioned on, but I don't know what is it. Samohyl Jan 16:36, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Grasping reflex: in response to an object pressed against its palm, the infant attempts to grab the object. — Preceding unsigned comment added by A personnnn (talk • contribs) 02:16, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

What does it mean?
On my doctors progress notes, he states that my reflexes are +2(in regards to my "knee-jerk" reaction), and that my plantar reflexes are down. I am wondering both what the "+2" could mean, and what does it mean if my reflexes are down? How exactly does the rating scale work?

Reflex in linguistics?
I was looking for what reflex meant in linguistics

 * It would be nice if you could elaborate it on reflex (linguistics). Samohyl Jan 18:39, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Iopq, do you mean like in reflexive verb or reflexive pronoun, perhaps? 74.141.161.180 00:56, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

is it just me or is that picture way to small to be readable?
unless you have a mac and can zoom in thats like.... completely unreadable

Autonomic Nervous system
I recall there being exceptions to the rule that the autonomic nervous system is entirely involuntary.

 * You're right. The enteric nervous system is the big exception as I recall. Robotsintrouble 14:08, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I thought it was involuntary although we can influence it through cognitive actions (e.g. you can control your respiratory rate) and through psychological conditioning (salivating/production of gastric juices when you see appetising food (enteric nervous system) etc). Our control over the autonomic nervous system should be included in the article i think.

Merger?
Should this article be merged into reflexology or is it different enough to warrant its own article? NorthernThunder 03:56, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd oppose merge, reflexology is more of a massage technique. A reflex action is different. Robotsintrouble 08:41, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Are learned reflexes mediated by a reflex arc?
According to the article

 * A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc.

Is it true also for learned reflexes that they are mediated by a reflex arc, or rather only for built-in ones? If the latter is the case, then the sentence in the article should be fixed. --Dan —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 62.245.110.111 (talk) 11:42, 1 March 2007 (UTC).

Learned or learnt?
If the former, please, revert the well-meant but incorrect edit from 29 May 2007 by User:87.113.77.216 (contribs). (“Reflexes can be built-in or learnt.”) His only other contribution to Wikipedia happens to be wrong. Personally, I don’t know.

—6birc, 18:55, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Both are technically correct, although 'learnt' is a bit idiosyncratic in American circles, much like spilled/spilt. Amazinrick 04:50, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Hiccups?
Are Hiccups examples of human reflexes and should be included in the list on this page? I'm not an expert but thought there might be a case... --Les

The dollar bill experiment
It might be nice to change it to a ruler, so afterwards you can determine your reaction time for this experiment. Plus the fact that a whole lot of people don't readily have acces to dollar bills :)

hey wutz up —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.59.191.11 (talk) 20:40, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

looking for translation of this german wikipedia page on Reflexes - it looks to be very good
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenreflex

They have so many more reflexes listed for the medical physical exam than we do. It would be really nice to have this page. wikiproject medicine needs your help! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Medicine#Looking_for_Translation_from_German_Wikipedia_page_on_REFLEXES

Thanks Tkjazzer (talk) 18:34, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Mayo and NINDS
Scoring of reflexes: two different systems compared (we should discuss both systems here):. JFW | T@lk  21:58, 22 June 2008 (UTC) reflex action is an involuntary action or response. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.95.126.96 (talk) 09:33, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Redirect
"Myotatic reflex" redirects here, but no explanation is given. As far as I can tell, it's just a synonym for "reflex".Fuzzform (talk) 01:02, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Is there such a thing as a "Voluntary reflex action?"
Someone recently rewrote this article's lead section, adding a description of "voluntary reflex actions" and "involuntary reflex actions." Is the new version of the lead section still accurate? Jarble (talk) 06:53, 22 April 2017 (UTC)

Thank you for correcting this error. Should we peer review this article to ensure that it remains accurate? Jarble (talk) 19:45, 22 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Hello Jarble - probably a good idea. It's still only a start class and would be good to see additional material here. best --Iztwoz (talk) 08:38, 23 April 2017 (UTC)

page needs non-human reflexes!! where are they?
sorry to have to interrupt this little humans-come-first-fantasy... but human reflexes are of a pityfully limited range, from as i understand it our INCONSISTENT needs in the places our genes have mixed, and then flexibility, for mostly temporary retention, UNLIKE with refined encodings/Gexpression+.

COMPARED, to amazing stuff in the natural world, like say a grasshopper's jump, or (some of ) a bat's microsentivites... a mating-male beetle's PRE-understanding, of how to wrestle with another, etc.

Surely wonders like SWARM instincts, deserve a listing, if not a LINK. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vurrath (talk • contribs) 13:38, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Instincts should fall under a separate category. Maybe deserving a link here, but to my knowledge, instincts don't operate via a central nervous system. I am working on incorporating non-human reflexes to round out the topic --F4at96 (talk) 14:50, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: BYU-Biophysics, CELL 568
— Assignment last updated by Logan753 (talk) 16:13, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

Anatomy and physiology
Reflex action 42.105.48.169 (talk) 09:39, 31 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reflex


text:
L.A. Woman

L.A. Woman is the sixth studio album by the American rock band the Doors, released on April 19, 1971 by Elektra Records. It is the last to feature lead singer Jim Morrison during his lifetime, due to his death exactly two months and two weeks following the album's release, though he would posthumously appear on the 1978 album An American Prayer. Even more so than its predecessors, the album is heavily influenced by blues. It was recorded without producer Paul A. Rothchild after he quit the band over the perceived lack of quality in their studio performances. Subsequently, the band co-produced the album with longtime sound engineer Bruce Botnick.

"Love Her Madly" was released as a single in March 1971, preceding the album's release, and reached the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. Upon release, the album peaked at number nine on the Billboard 200 and reached number 28 on the UK Albums Chart. The track "Riders on the Storm" also achieved chart success. Critics including Richie Unterberger and David Quantick have called L.A. Woman one of the Doors' best albums, citing Morrison's vocal performance and the band's stripped-down return to their blues-rock roots.

Background
The Doors had achieved commercial and critical success by 1969, but for much of that year they were blacklisted from radio playlists and their concert bookings dwindled after singer Jim Morrison had been charged with profanity and indecent exposure at a concert in Miami, Florida. Morrison had mentioned leaving the group at the end of 1968, only to be convinced by keyboardist Ray Manzarek to stay on another six months. On September 20, 1970, Morrison was convicted for the Miami incident. In a 1970 interview with Ben Fong-Torres, Morrison said of Miami, "I think subconsciously I was trying to get across in that concert, I was trying to reduce it to absurdity. And it worked too well."

In November 1970, shortly after Morrison's trial ended, the Doors entered Sunset Sound Recorders in Los Angeles to record early versions of the songs "L.A. Woman", "Riders on the Storm" and "Love Her Madly". The new songs were a departure from the heavily orchestrated pieces on the earlier album The Soft Parade, which burdened the group with long, drawn-out recording sessions. The simplified and straightforward style, progressing from Morrison Hotel, was well-received, noted by Jazz & Pop magazine as "a return to the tight fury of early Doors' music". The band conflicted with their record company, Elektra Records, who released the Doors' first compilation album, 13, to have a product for the Christmas market. It was released without the band's input, and featured a large image of a younger Morrison, upsetting him enough to threaten signing with another label. As their contract required one more album, the group were unable to follow through with the threat, so they continued rehearsing the new material.

Record producer Paul A. Rothchild, who worked with the band on their first five albums, attended the early sessions but quit following friction with the band. This included his dissatisfaction with the song "Love Her Madly", which "drove [him] out of the studio." He felt that recording the composition was a step backwards artistically, calling it "cocktail music." Rothchild has denied a popular rumor that claimed he directed the remark toward "Riders on the Storm", explaining that he thought that song and "L.A. Woman" were "excellent in rehearsal". He maintains that his cocktail music comment was said to "make [the group] angry enough to do something good." Rothchild was frustrated that the group was slow in developing new material, especially as the band contained three songwriters. He was unable to persuade Morrison to consistently attend rehearsals. As Bruce Botnick revealed in the book Love Becomes a Funeral Pyre, another issue that led to Rothchild's leaving was the emotional devastation he felt at the death of Janis Joplin, having worked with her on Pearl. Rothchild left before any master takes were complete, recommending that the Doors co-produce L.A. Woman with Botnick, the sound engineer who had worked with Rothchild on the band's previous recordings.

Recording

The group and Botnick organized a makeshift recording studio at their private rehearsal space, the Doors' Workshop, a two-story building at 8512 Santa Monica Boulevard. They could then record in a more comfortable and relaxed setting while avoiding the expenses of a professional studio. A mixing console previously owned by Elektra was installed upstairs in the Workshop, while studio monitors, microphones, and keyboards were set up downstairs. To compensate for the lack of an isolated vocal booth, Morrison recorded in the bathroom doorway, singing into the same microphone used on the Doors' final tour. According to Botnick, Morrison was easy to work with and spent long hours in the studio with little consumption of alcohol.

For recording, Elvis Presley's bassist Jerry Scheff and rhythm guitarist Marc Benno were brought in to provide additional backing. Densmore characterized Scheff as "an in-the-pocket man" for his steady supportive role, and praised how Scheff "allowed me to communicate rhythmically with Morrison, and he slowed Ray down, when his right hand on the keyboards got too darn fast". By all accounts, Morrison – a huge Presley fan – was excited by Scheff's participation. In addition, Benno was asked to participate as a result of his recent notoriety from working with Leon Russell. The songs were completed in a few takes on a professional-quality 8-track recorder, and the album was finished in six days. Morrison was a blues enthusiast and proclaimed the final recording session as "blues day", recording "Crawling King Snake", "Cars Hiss by My Window", and "L.A. Woman". The album had a raw, live sound with overdubs mostly limited to additional keyboards. Botnick explained, "The overall concept for the recording session was to go back to our early roots and try to get everything live in the studio with as few overdubs as possible". Mixing was completed at Poppi studios in West Hollywood, by which time Morrison had moved to Paris, France.

Music
The band began recording without much material and needed to compose songs on the spot, either by jamming or talking through ideas. In a 1994 interview, guitarist Robby Krieger stated, "Rothchild was gone, which is one reason why we had so much fun. The warden was gone." Despite its troubled beginnings, L.A. Woman contains some of the Doors' most critically acclaimed songs, as well as some of their most blues-oriented. Lyrically, the album deals with contemporary topics such as love, life in Los Angeles, and complex aspects of the human experience. Manzarek explained the band did not "approach the album with one vision, but after we started working on the songs, we realized that they're talking about L.A. They're about men, women, boys, girls, love, loss, lovers-lost, and lovers-found in Los Angeles". The album, as a whole, demonstrated Morrison's songwriting abilities, combined with his poetic phrasing and enthusiasm for Los Angeles but still a desire to leave the city with his partner, Pamela Courson. Artistically, L.A. Woman saw the band mixing blues and rock, with some elements of psychedelic and jazz rock of their early career.

Side one
L.A. Woman opens with the Morrison-penned track "The Changeling", which the Doors wanted to be the album's first single. Taken from one of Morrison's journals written in 1968, Holzman overruled the group's decision in favor of "Love Her Madly" and the non-album B-side "(You Need Meat) Don't Go No Further". Morrison also contributed "Been Down So Long", a song inspired by folk singer Richard Fariña's book Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me and Furry Lewis's tune, "I Will Turn Your Money Green". A conventional blues song reminiscent of Morrison's potential imprisonment from earlier Doors performances, the lyrics showed depression, liberation, and sexuality. Additionally, Morrison wrote the blues number "Cars Hiss by My Window". Unlike most of the other tracks, it was composed in the studio. Manzarek recalled that "Jim said it was about living in Venice [Beach], in a hot room, with a hot girlfriend, and an open window, and a bad time. It could have been about Pamela Courson". Of the remaining self-written material on L.A. Woman, Krieger wrote "Love Her Madly", which echoed his songs of romance and insecurity. He wrote the song, at his house, to alleviate his boredom during Morrison's trial.

L.A. Woman closes its first side with the title track, the lengthiest song on the album. Thought of as Morrison's final goodbye to Los Angeles, it communicated his mixed feelings of passion and disdain for "the city of night". The lyrics feature an anagram for Jim Morrison: "Mr. Mojo Risin. Krieger's electric guitar effect at the introduction impersonates the sound of an accelerated automobile engine.

Side two
In addition to "The Changeling", the Doors chose to incorporate three other compositions written before 1971: "L' America", "Crawling King Snake", and "The WASP (Texas Radio and the Big Beat)". "L'America" was intended for the soundtrack of director Michelangelo Antonioni's 1970 counterculture film Zabriskie Point, but ultimately rejected. Manzarek recalled, "Antonioni was interested in using it in Zabriskie Point. So we played it for him, and it was so loud, it pinned him up against the wall. When it was over, he thanked us and fled. So he turned to Pink Floyd, as European filmmakers tend to do when they want rock & roll." Previously titled "Latin America", it was originally written and recorded during the sessions for Morrison Hotel, and the only work during the L.A. Woman sessions with a few drum overdubs. The Doors' arrangement of the traditional "Crawling King Snake" dates back to their early tours, and was sometimes coupled with Morrison's poem "Celebration of the Lizard". "The WASP (Texas Radio and the Big Beat)" is a reworking of Morrison's sample of poetry first appearing on the group's souvenir books in 1968.

L.A. Woman also features "Hyacinth House", with lyrics written by Morrison and music by Manzarek. The song shows Manzarek being influenced by the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin's Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53, during its organ solo. The final track was "Riders on the Storm", a collective effort by the Doors. Based on the arrangement "Ghost Riders in the Sky" and the line "delicate riders of the storm", taken from Hart Crane's poem "Praise for an Urn", the track melded Morrison's hitchhiker imagery from his own poetry projects. The faint, ghostly backdrop heard throughout the song was the last recording of Morrison as a member of the Doors.

Live performances
After Morrison recorded poetry at Village Recorders on December 8, 1970, he felt encouraged to play some L.A. Woman material on tour. On December 11, the Doors performed in front of two sold-out audiences at the State Fair Music Hall in Dallas. The band opened the first concert with an extended "Love Her Madly", but struggled on older material as they had not played live since the Isle of Wight FestivaI that August. The set included "The Changeling" and "L.A. Woman" and closed with "When the Music's Over". The concerts were well received, proving the Doors were still a capable live act and leading to an extra performance in Louisiana. Audience recordings from the Doors' performances of "Love Her Madly", "The Changeling", "L.A. Woman", and the Morrison Hotel track "Ship of Fools" were included on the 2003 album Boot Yer Butt: The Doors Bootlegs.

On December 12, the Doors played the Warehouse in New Orleans for what turned out to be their last live performance with Morrison. Midway through the set, a drunk Morrison began slurring the lyrics to "Light My Fire", interrupted with speeches and jokes. He sat in front of the drum platform in between Krieger and Manzarek's solos, but did not stand up to finish the song. After prompting by Densmore, he tried to sing, before bashing the mic stand into the stage until its wood splintered. The Doors agreed to stop touring and focus on completing L.A. Woman.

For years, fans speculated over the possible recordings of the New Orleans concert. In 2011, George Friedman, a stage manager of the Warehouse, revealed he had a reel to reel recording of the gig secured in a safety deposit box. He explained he discovered the tapes "when Beaver Productions moved its offices out of the Warehouse, Uptown into a building at the Riverbend. The Doors tape, along with a stack of other Warehouse show tapes, were cast off and left behind as debris during the move". Despite the confirmation of their existence, there has yet to be an official release of the recordings.

Release and reception
L.A. Woman was released on April 19, 1971. It reached number nine on the Billboard 200, remaining on the charts for 36 weeks, and reached number 28 in the UK, spending four weeks on the UK Albums Charts. The first cover pressing had a burgundy-colored, curved-corner cardboard cutout sleeve, framing a clear embossed cellophane insert, glued in from behind. Photography was credited to Wendell Hamick. According to Jac Holzman, chief executive officer of Elektra Records: "I wasn't sure there would be another album ever, so I had Bill Harvey create a collector's cover. The Doors' faces were printed on clear film. The backing color of the inner sleeve could be changed and would affect the mood of the package. This is the first album in which Jim is bearded on the front cover. His photo is on the right, no bigger, no smaller than the others, just another guy in the band."

Three months after release, on July 3, Morrison was found dead. There had been discussions between Morrison and the others for future recording after he returned from Paris. The album was accompanied by the "Love Her Madly" single, which was released in March and charted at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 for a stay of 11 weeks, but failed to chart in the UK. An additional single, "Riders on the Storm", was edited and released in June, and reached number 14 on the Billboard chart, while managing to peak at number 22 in the UK chart.

The album received mostly positive reviews. Rolling Stone's Robert Meltzer was impressed by the sense of fun and the togetherness of the band, saying it was "the Doors' greatest album" and the best album of the year. Reviewing in New Musical Express, critic Roy Carr called it "one of their best in sometime," praising it as having "great depth, vigour and presence." Melody Maker wrote a not-so-favorable review, commending some cuts, especially the "effective electric piano" of "Riders on the Storm", but deemed the rest of the album as just "staleness", and that it's "all so obvious that originality has left them". In Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau appreciated Morrison's sense of humor in some of the lyrics and believed "the band has never sounded better", although he was disappointed with "Been Down So Long" and "L'America". In his 1994 book The Complete Guide to the Music of The Doors, Peter K. Hogan describes the album as an expansion on the style from Morrison Hotel, but in a more coherent form. He also believed L.A. Woman was a fitting swan song for Morrison, who was pleased to finally record a blues-oriented album. Sal Cinquemani, reviewing the album for Slant Magazine, considers L.A. Woman to be "the sound of a band in perfect harmony". He describes the Doors' material as "disturbing and cynical over the years, and these songs were no exception". PopMatterss Nathan Wisnicki said Morrison's lyrics were less pretentious than previous work because of L.A. Womans "more conventional blues". Stephen Dalton of Classic Rock, reviewing the 40th Anniversary Edition of the album, remarks how "the original L.A. Woman still stands proud, an all-time classic journey into bright shining darkness." David Quantick from BBC Music attributed the record's success to "a stripped-down yet full sound, a developed mysticism tied tightly to the band's brand of rock, and confidence born of having been a functioning unit for several years". Richie Unterberger, writing for AllMusic, described L.A. Woman as "uneven", but noted that the album contains compositions that "rate among their finest and most disturbing work".

In 2003, L.A. Woman was ranked number 362 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". When the list was revised in 2012, to accommodate a number of albums released since 2003, the album was repositioned at number 364. Both Ultimate Classic Rock and Stereogum named it the Doors' second best album, with the latter's Ryan Leas adding in the website, "It traveled the same raw blues-rock lane as its predecessor, but now the Doors sounded ragged, bleary. It's one of those early-'70s records that comes off like a beleaguered hangover from the end of the '60s." Online newspaper The Independent cited L.A. Woman the twelfth best album of 1971, while Ultimate Classic Rock included it among the 100 top rock albums of the 70s.

Reissues and remasters
In 1988, L.A. Woman was digitally remastered by Botnick and Paul A. Rothchild at Digital Magnetics, using the original master tapes. DCC Compact Classics reissued the album on 24kt gold CD in 1993 and on 180g vinyl in 1998, both versions were mastered by Steve Hoffman. It was remastered again in 1999 for The Complete Studio Recordings box set by Bernie Grundman and Botnick at Bernie Grundman Mastering, using 96khz/24bit technology; it was also released as a standalone CD release. This was followed by a 5.1 surround version of the album, released on DVD-Audio on December 19, 2000; the surround mix was created by Botnick from the original eight-track analog 1" master tapes. In 2006, all six of the Doors' albums with Morrison were remixed in stereo and 5.1 for the Perception box set. This edition of L.A. Woman includes two bonus tracks ("Orange County Suite" and "(You Need Meat) Don't Go No Further") and was made available with or without an accompanying DVD that features the 5.1 surround sound version of the album along with Doors' rehearsal footage. This remix series has been criticized because "the band chose to remix and tinker with [the albums], adding and cutting from a few tracks and including unused instrumental parts." For example, "Cars Hiss By My Window" features an extra verse and other additions for a new length of 4:58 (as opposed to 4:10 on the original). In 2009, the album was reissued on 180g vinyl featuring the original mix, cut by Grundman.

In 2012, L.A. Woman was digitally remastered again as a part of "The Years of the Doors" series to commemorate its 40th Anniversary release. This edition was reissued in an expanded format on January 24, 2012, by Elektra and Rhino Records in CD and digital formats, and it includes the 2006 stereo remix done and mastered by Botnick at Uniteye. It also features seven alternate versions of songs, and two previously unreleased tracks, "She Smells So Nice" and "Rock Me". This remaster has been praised for leaving the original album "untouched". To accompany this release, a documentary titled Mr. Mojo Risin': The Story of L.A. Woman was distributed. The film includes interviews with all three remaining band members, as well as live and studio performances. Analogue Productions also reissued the album on hybrid SACD (2013) and double 45 RPM vinyl (2012), both editions were mastered by Doug Sax and Sangwook Nam at The Mastering Lab; the CD layer of the Super Audio CD contains the original stereo mix while the SACD layer contains Botnick's 2006 5.1 surround mix. To commemorate the album’s 50th anniversary, Rhino released a three-CD/one-LP set on December 3, 2021. It was remastered by Botnick including the original stereo mix and two bonus discs of unreleased studio outtakes.

L.A. Woman Sessions special edition
Rhino released on April 23, 2022 (as a RSD exclusive) the studio outtakes from the 50th Anniversary three-CD/one-LP set as a special edition quadruple vinyl entitled L.A. Woman Sessions.

Original album
All songs written by the Doors, except where noted. Details are taken from the 1971 Elektra Records album and may differ from other sources.

Personnel
Details are taken from the 2007 Rhino Records CD remaster liner notes with producer Bruce Botnick's accompanying essay, and may differ from other sources.

The Doors
 * Jim Morrison – vocals
 * Ray Manzarek – piano, organ; including Hammond organ on "The Changeling", "Hyacinth House" and "The WASP (Texas Radio and the Big Beat)"; Vox Continental on "Love Her Madly", and Rhodes piano on "L.A. Woman" and "Riders on the Storm"; rhythm guitar on "Been Down So Long"
 * Robby Krieger – lead guitar
 * John Densmore – drums (with brushes on "Cars Hiss by My Window"), tambourine on "Love Her Madly" and "Been Down So Long"

Additional musicians
 * Jerry Scheff – bass
 * Marc Benno – rhythm guitar on "Been Down So Long", "Cars Hiss by My Window", "L.A. Woman" and "Crawling King Snake"

Technical
 * Bruce Botnick – production
 * Carl Cossick – album concept and design
 * Wendell Hamick – cover photography

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: L.A. Woman


text:
Moonlight Drive

"Moonlight Drive" is a song by American rock band the Doors, released in 1967 on their second album Strange Days. It was edited to a 2:16 length for the 45 rpm single B-side of "Love Me Two Times". Though a conventional blues arrangement, the track's defining feature was its slightly off-beat rhythm, and Robby Krieger's "bottleneck" or slide guitar, which creates an eerie sound.

Composition
The song is one of the first written by the lead singer Jim Morrison. According to the Jerry Hopkins and Danny Sugerman biography No One Here Gets Out Alive, Morrison wrote "Moonlight Ride" during his halcyon days on a rooftop in Venice Beach, Los Angeles, California, in 1965. Later on, when he happened upon his friend and future band member, Ray Manzarek, he uttered the memorable lines, "Let's swim to the moon, let's climb through the tide, penetrate the evening that the city sleeps to hide." Reportedly Manzarek was awestruck, and they decided to form a band. Morrison already had a band name picked out: the Doors.

"Moonlight Drive" was recorded along with other songs during the group's first demo recordings at Trans World Pacific Studios. It was recorded the following year for the band's eponymous debut album, but eventually did not appear; this was due to the band members' dissatisfaction with the result, which differ from the later album version. This version was finally released as an outtake, on the 40th Anniversary edition of the debut album.

Performances
Recordings of live performances of the song reveal a link to a sort of death by drowning – whether murder, suicide or simply going too far. Morrison sings in live performances, probably improvising, referring to "fishes for your friends" and "pearls for your eyes" conjuring an image of a rotten corpse lying at the bottom of the ocean while simultaneously referring to Shakespeare. Morrison also read the Strange Days poem "Horse Latitudes" during live performances of the song, before repeating the final lines of the song's third verse, as demonstrated on the version that first appeared on Alive, She Cried.

Personnel
The Doors
 * Jim Morrison – vocals
 * Ray Manzarek – hohner clavinet, tack piano
 * Robby Krieger – bottleneck guitar
 * John Densmore – drums

Additional musicians
 * Doug Lubahn – bass guitar
 * Paul Beaver – moog synthesizer sound effects

title: Moonlight Drive


text:
Rick & the Ravens

Rick & the Ravens was an American surf rock and frat rock band founded in 1961, known as the forerunner of the Doors. Members Ray Manczarek, John Densmore, and Jim Morrison renamed the group in the latter half of 1965 after joining forces with Robby Krieger.

Rick & the Ravens recorded three singles on Aura Records and a demo acetate containing six songs that were later re-recorded on The Doors' albums.

Line-ups
The band initially consisted of Rick Manczarek on guitar, Jim Manczarek on organ and harmonica, Patrick Stonier on saxophone, Roland Biscaluz on bass, and Vince Thomas on drums. The drummer and bass player were initially not permanent members, but asked to join whenever a gig was upcoming. The name of the band partly stems from guitarist & Manczarek brother Rick.

In 1962, Ray Manczarek, having moved to Los Angeles from Chicago, joined on vocals and occasional piano. The family's name was spelt Manczarek, with an additional letter 'c'; but, Ray alone changed the spelling to "Manzarek" later on upon joining The Doors.

Performances
The band performed on weekends for college crowds, mostly from UCLA Film School, at a bar called the Turkey Joint West on Santa Monica Boulevard, a British pub operated by the Santa Monica Soccer and Social Club, since 1974 known as Ye Olde King's Head. Their concert setlist consisted of their own original songs, padded with covered versions of blues standards such as "I'm Your Doctor, I Know What You Need" by Muddy Waters, "Louie Louie" by Richard Berry, Barrett Strong's "Money", and Willie Dixon's "Hoochie Coochie Man."

In an interview conducted by Rainer Moddemann, Manzarek stated the first song Jim Morrison performed with Rick & the Ravens was Richard Berry's "Louie Louie". Morrison was not officially part of the band at that time; Manzarek simply invited his former college colleague on stage, much to everyone's surprise. Morrison was reportedly not prepared for this, his first public performance, and sang himself hoarse. Morrison and Manzarek had met previously and found they shared a lot of musical and artistic interests. Later Manzarek asked Morrison to join the band and he accepted.

The 1965 World Pacific Demo
On September 2, 1965 the band entered World Pacific Studios in Los Angeles and recorded six songs that would eventually become Doors songs: "Moonlight Drive", "My Eyes Have Seen You", "Hello, I Love You", "Go Insane" (known simply as "Insane" on the acetate), "End of the Night", and "Summer's Almost Gone". The recording session was a relatively quick affair, only lasting three hours in total. Singer Morrison was reportedly delighted to hear his voice on a record for the first time. The demo was released in its entirety on The Doors: Box Set in 1997. The tracks on the box set were mastered from Rick Manczarek's original acetate which was one of only five made.

Transformation to the Doors
The 1965 Rick & the Ravens demo features Jim Morrison on vocals, Ray Manczarek on piano and background vocals, John Densmore on drums, Rick Manczarek on guitar, Jim Manczarek on harmonica, and Patricia "Pat" Hansen (née Sullivan, from Patty and the Esquires, the band she had with Chuck Oakes whom she later married) on bass guitar. The only future Doors member who was not featured on the demo is guitarist Robby Krieger.

Both Jim and Rick Manczarek were disappointed by the response the demo received after attempting to promote it, and they, along with Sullivan, were additionally not impressed with Morrison's songs. Subsequently, Rick and Jim Manczarek quit the band, stating they felt it was "going nowhere fast".

At Morrison's suggestion, the band changed its name to the Doors a month after they had recorded the demo. Robby Krieger joined on guitar in October 1965, having earlier performed with Densmore in the Psychedelic Rangers. The Doors were initially a quintet, but when Manzarek decided to handle the bass duties with the newly introduced Fender Rhodes Piano Bass, Pat Sullivan was dropped from the line-up in December 1965, ultimately ending up with the "classic" Doors line-up of Morrison, Manzarek, Krieger, and Densmore.

All songs from the Rick & the Ravens demo appear, in re-recorded and sometimes amended form, on later Doors releases. "End of the Night" appeared on the Doors' 1967 self-titled debut album, "Moonlight Drive" and "My Eyes Have Seen You" appeared on the band's second album Strange Days, and "Hello, I Love You" and "Summer's Almost Gone" appeared on 1968's Waiting for the Sun, both included as a result of Morrison's struggles with alcoholism and lack of new songs at that time. The verse section of "Go Insane" became part of the "Celebration of the Lizard" suite under the title "A Little Game"; a live version of "Celebration of the Lizard" was released on 1970s Absolutely Live, with a rough studio attempt featuring on 2003's Legacy: The Absolute Best.

Former members

 * Rick Manczarek – guitar (1961–1965)
 * Jim Manczarek – organ, harmonica (1961–1965)
 * Patrick Stonier – saxophone (1961–1965)
 * Roland Biscaluz – bass (1961–1965)
 * Vince Thomas – drums (1961–1965)
 * Ray Manzarek – piano, vocals (1962–1965) (died 2013)
 * Jim Morrison – vocals (1965) (died 1971)
 * John Densmore – drums (1965)
 * Patty Sullivan – bass (1965)

Discography
The singles were meant as promotional material only. They were never in wide circulation, nor were they even meant to be published outside the promotional circuits. On the "Soul Train / Geraldine" single, the artist is labeled "Ray Daniels feat. Rick & the Ravens", with "Ray Daniels" double billed. The last singles were initially meant as vehicles to promote Ray Manczarek (billed as "Ray Daniels") as lead artist, with the Ravens merely a backing band. Promotional material presented the artist as "Rick & the Ravens featuring the Voice of Ray Daniels". These plans were discarded when Morrison joined the line-up.

Mislabels
All of these promo tracks have later ended up on various Doors bootlegs, erroneously labelling the tracks as songs by the Doors.

title: Rick & the Ravens


text:
Carol J. Adams

Carol J. Adams (born 1951) is an American writer, feminist, and animal rights advocate. She is the author of several books, including The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory (1990) and The Pornography of Meat (2004), focusing in particular on what she argues are the links between the oppression of women and that of non-human animals. She was inducted into the Animal Rights Hall of Fame in 2011.

Biography
Carol J. Adams was born in New York in 1951. She is a feminist-vegan, advocate, activist, and independent scholar whose work explores the cultural construction of inter-sectional oppression. At a young age, Adams was influenced by her mother, who was both a feminist and a civil rights activist, and also her father who she recalls, was a lawyer who participated in one of the first lawsuits regarding the pollution of Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes in the north eastern region of the United States. Adams was raised in Forestville, a small village in New York. After skipping a grade and taking college English courses in high school, Adams attended the University of Rochester and majored in English and History. As an undergraduate at the University of Rochester, she was involved in bringing women's studies courses to the University's course catalog. She graduated from there with a BA in 1972, and obtained her Master of Divinity degree from Yale Divinity School in 1976. In 1974 Adams moved to Boston to study with Mary Daly. Adams recalls her time with Mary as, " a fascinating time of conversation and mutual critique...My evolving feminist-veganism and her evolving biophilic philosophy bumped up against each other at times. Usually, at least in the beginning, she had the last word."

Adams recalls discovering the dead body of her family pony that was killed in a hunting accident, then eating a hamburger that night. She concluded that it was hypocritical for her to mourn the death of her pony, yet have no problem eating a slaughtered cow. This marked the beginning of her vegetarian journey. She is also a pioneer of feminist care theory in animal ethics. Adams continues to work towards the ethical treatment of animals and other forms of activism. She does this through visiting colleges, teaching courses, and through the internet and different forums of social media in which she can reach out to a wider audience. During the past five years Adams has been very involved in helping to create this innovative urban development spearheaded by The Stewpot in Dallas, Texas. Adams has also been working on a theoretical autobiography and on a book about Jane Austen and care giving. She has also been working on a project on "Towards a Philosophy of Care through Care." An essay about this is forthcoming in Critical Inquiry. Adams continues to show The Sexual Politics of Meat Slide Show to help and spread her theories as she can. Lastly Adams is completing a book with her co-authors Patti Breitman and Virginia Messina, Even Vegans Die. Carol J. Adams in regards to her intentions on this planet said, " "In my life, I want to do the least harm possible,"she said. "I want to walk lightly on this Earth." and the accomplishments of her life and her goals and ambitions have reflected this philosophy. Adams was chosen as one of "20 Badass Veg Women Who Are Making History" by a website called chooseveg.com. Others among the list were the once world number one for women's tennis, Venus Williams and Ellen DeGeneres, from the Ellen DeGeneres Show.

Adams is one of several people who provided information used in the writing of the book Striking at the Roots: A Practical Guide to Animal Activism (2008) by Mark Hawthorne.

The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory
The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory discusses how, especially in times of shortage, women often give men the meat they perceive to be the "best" food. She also discusses the connections between feminism and vegetarianism, and patriarchy and meat eating, historically and through the reading of literary texts. An important theory formulated in the book is the absent referent, which she uses to explain the fact that people keep eating meat, and is also behind the objectification of women in pornography.

In The Sexual Politics of Meat, Adams parallels the patriarchal system with the relationship between humans and animals. The male connotations associated with meat eating, not only highlights species inequality, but also defines distinct gender roles. Simply, meat signifies male dominance over females as "men who batter women have often used the absence of meat as a pretext for violence against women." Adams proclaims that our culture has become preoccupied with reducing non-human animals to a source of consumption, a fragmentation of their individual species. A recurring theme throughout her work is that men that feel a sense of entitlement over animals are similar to men who abuse, exploit, or degrade women for their bodies.

Animals and Women Feminist Theoretical Explorations
In Adam's Animals and Women Feminist Theoretical Explorations, she argues that the social context behind female oppression and sexual violence has a direct tie to the way humans mistreat other species. Humans tend to deem animals as an inferior species and in this way, justify their actions regarding animal exploitation. According to Adams, men regard women in a similar light. This sense of entitlement over animals translates into human relations and men begin to label women as inferior as well "available for abuse." The established discourse shifts from a negative image for nonhuman animals to a sexist portrayal of women. Constantly, men refer to women using language such as dogs, chicks, bunny, which all indicate men using women as a mere means. Given current speciesism, individuals use non-human animals for their production, i.e. cows for milk, hens for eggs, or female dog to breed more puppies. Humans use chicks as simply physical beings similar to how men may exploit the female body for pleasure.

The Pornography of Meat
In The Pornography of Meat, Adams draws the visual comparison between meat advertised on a shelf and women portrayed in particular advertisements or magazines. The idea of consumption plays a significant role in a culture that compare women to a product, something that's not only attainable, but a consumable person. It is important to note that consumption may refer to literal digestion or rather simply, a desire for someone considered attainable by another individual. Adams juxtaposes commonly unnoticed advertisements in the local grocery store to sexist and misogynistic images of women. Further, she creates the "A" category, which creates an idea of white male supremacy in a civilized society, whereas the other in this sense, includes language that relates to different races, non-human animals, and women. Adams argues that modern culture idealizes the white male figure and demonstrates that he represents an advanced civilized society. The author argues that any individual who doesn't fall into the "A" category likely faces a reference to animals, now seen as derogatory and inferior. In this work, she includes an image of women labeled according to her body parts similar to how butcher advertises meat cuts. The underlying premise remains the same; current culture has created a desire for consumption from non-human animals, genders, and races.

Other works
She is the author of several other books, including Living Among Meat Eaters: The Vegetarian's Survival Handbook. This book advises vegetarians to ask if they are at peace with their own vegetarianism and provides communication skills for avoiding abuse while dining with meat-eating friends, family, and coworkers who may be hostile. Her most recent work, Burger, follows the history, business, culture, and gendered politics of the hamburger. All the while, drawing upon the history of the veggie burger, and its revival through contemporary investors in the food industry.

Activism
Adams' activism includes "experience of working for social justice (which includes justice for nonhuman animals) and against domestic violence, homelessness, racism, and violence against animals." A large part of Adams' life is dedicated to feminism as well. She was raised in a household with her two sisters where this spirit of feminism was nurtured. Her vegetarianism came after her feminism. While a sophomore at the University of Rochester she attended her first Women's Liberation meeting and later did field work at the Women's Liberation Center. These experiences and research, as well as the event of her pony being killed, showed her that her feminism and vegetarianism were related. Through some feminist studies she was conducting she realized that both were connected throughout the history of feminism as well. She found that many feminists were vegetarians, and she also found multiple books written by feminists, on vegetarianism as a "part of the feminist awakening of the hero". A further look into the newly connected themes proved to be very important to the course Adams' work would take in the future. She found that a patriarchal ethics "naturalizes and normalizes violence...and perpetuates human exceptionalism that permits the oppression of other beings". Thus her theory of the patriarchal essence begins, and the creation of The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory took form.

Adams has explained that her activism taught her how to write by allowing her to think about how "ideas are experienced by others". Fighting on the non-dominant side of things through her activism allowed her to return to her book-writing with a deeper level of understanding sufficient enough to know what was going on. The voice she had in her activism in the 1970s also helped her obtain her theoretical voice used in her books. Adams explains, in many interviews, that her activism taught her how to write.

In her chapter, "What Came Before the Sexual Politics of Meat" in the book Species Matters: Humane Advocacy and Cultural Theory, Adams explains that she and her husband were activists in the 1970s against racism. They lived in Dunkirk, New York and tried to make the area progressive by pushing for minority housing to move into the rural area. Her husband, the local minister was receiving inflammatory letters from his congregation and Adams fought with inner self between doing as much as she can, and stopping where the situation became dangerous. She was spoken about on the call-in radio show "What's Your Opinion". One day when she was listening she was so furious about the inaccurate information being told that she called in and corrected all the misinformation. Regardless of what people said, Adams and her husband continued their activism and fight for low-to-moderate income housing.

Further, in her life Adams has supported animal rights and wants to educate people about vegan food and introducing people to vegan eating. She explains we all get protein from plants, some people get it directly from plants and others chose to let animals process protein for them; she has also coined the term feminized protein for eggs and dairy products, as it is plant protein produced by using the reproductive cycle of female animals.

Personal life
Adams was executive director of the Chautauqua County Rural Ministry, Inc., Dunkirk, New York from the late 1970s to 1987. She lives in Texas with her husband, Reverend Dr. Bruce Buchanan, and is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Dallas, where her husband is an associate pastor.

Publications

 * The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. Continuum, 1990. ISBN 0-8264-0455-3
 * Ecofeminism and the Sacred. Continuum, 1993. ISBN 0-8264-0586-X
 * Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals. Continuum, 1994. ISBN 0-8264-0670-X
 * Woman-battering: Creative pastoral care and counseling series. Fortress Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8006-2785-7
 * with Marie M. Fortune. Violence against Women and Children: A Christian Theological Sourcebook. Continuum, 1995.
 * with Josephine Donovan. Animals and women: Feminist theoretical explorations. Duke University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8223-1667-6
 * The inner art of vegetarianism: Spiritual practices for body and soul. Lantern Books, 2000. ISBN 1-930051-13-1
 * Journey to gameland: How to make a board game from your favorite children's book. Lantern Books, 2001. ISBN 1-930051-51-4
 * with Howard Williams. The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh-eating. University of Illinois Press, 2003. ISBN 0-252-07130-1
 * "Bitch, Chick, Cow: Women's and (Other) Animals' Rights" in Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium. Washington Square Press 2003. ISBN 0-7434-6627-6.
 * Help! My child stopped eating meat!: An A-Z guide to surviving a conflict in diets. Continuum 2004. ISBN 0-8264-1583-0
 * The Pornography of Meat. Continuum, 2004. ISBN 0-8264-1646-2
 * Prayers for Animals. Continuum, 2004. ISBN 0-8264-1651-9
 * God listens when you're sad: Prayers when your animal friend is sick or dies. Pilgrim Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8298-1667-4
 * God listens to your love : prayers for living with animal friends. Pilgrim Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8298-1665-8
 * God listens to your care : prayers for all the animals of the world. Pilgrim Press, 2006. ISBN 0-8298-1666-6
 * with Douglas Buchanan and Kelly Gesch. Bedside, bathtub and armchair companion to Frankenstein. Continuum, 2007. ISBN 0-8264-1824-4
 * The Feminist Care Tradition in Animal Ethics: A Reader. Columbia University Press, 2007. Edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan. ISBN 978-0-231-14038-6
 * How to eat like a vegetarian even if you never want to be one: More than 250 shortcuts, strategies, and simple solutions. Lantern Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59056-137-9
 * Living among meat eaters: The vegetarians' survival handbook. Lantern Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59056-116-4
 * The foreword to Lisa Kemmerer's anthology Sister Species: Women, Animals, and Social Justice. University of Illinois Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-252-07811-8
 * The foreword to Laura Wright's The Vegan Studies Project University of Georgia Press, 2015.

title: Carol J. Adams


text:
Talk:Group object

Are linearly ordered groups an example of the sort of thing this is about? Michael Hardy 01:04, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Those would have to be group objects in the category of partially ordered sets with order-preserving functions as morphisms. Note that the category is that of partially ordered sets because the product of two linearly ordered sets is naturally partially ordered, but not linearly ordered. There is another glitch, though, as the inverse operation reverses the order, so we need to add the order-reversing morphisms to the category. It seems to be easier to just talk about ordered monoids. -- Miguel

Subgroup objects
Near the bottom of the article it talks about how most of group theory can be transfered over to group object theory. It uses subgroups and normal subgroups as examples. I do not understand how subgroups could be transfered over. The only way I could think of is to say a subgroup object is a subobject of a group object that follows the group object identities in the article but that won't work because a subobject isn't a object in its own right. It's a equivilence class of monomorphisms with codomain G! It just doesn't make sense. Possibly, someone out there can clarify this and put it in the article.--SurrealWarrior 22:56, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I am not an expert, but can't you just do it with an individual representative of the subobject, which would be a monomorphism into the group object? You will probably have to work in the category of morphisms into the group object. Hans Adler (talk) 19:55, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Probably you are right, but it would be nice to see it worked out in a reference. For example, I suppose you would need a factorization system to define things like kernels, so the isomorphism theorems are perhaps not completely general... I don't know of a reference, though. Sam Staton (talk) 19:01, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * A good place to see it worked out for an example are the topological groups, Lie groups, and algebraic groups (here a great deal of elementary group theory is repeated nearly verbatim but with "continuous", "analytic", or "rational" sprinkled generously). Probably a good place to see how it doesn't just "work out" is in Hopf algebras where basic ideas like Lagrange's theorem become not so basic.  Those two extremes might help to figure out what sort of reference for the general case might exist.  I also have a dim idea that it might follow trivially if one looks at regular group actions rather than just plain groups, so one might look for a reference from that angle. JackSchmidt (talk) 19:43, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Group objects and their morphisms in a category form a category. A subgroup of a group object is then a subobject in the category of group objects.  Subobjects are defined as equivalence classes of monomorphisms, but then one normally works with a representative of the subobject since anything reasonable you want to do with a subobject is invariant under the equivalence relation.Wellsoberlin (talk) 20:59, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Cogroup object
Someone requested an article cogroup be created. I have added the definition of cogroups as an example. I also created redirects from cogroup and cogroup object. It might be worthwhile to extend this and put it into a section of its own. Hans Adler (talk) 20:01, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Group object


text:
De Vink railway station

De Vink is a railway station in the Netherlands. It is located near the former hamlet of De Vink, currently a part of Leiden.

The station re-opened in 1985. It is wedged in between the city of Leiden and the neighbouring town of Voorschoten. The tracks in the direction of The Hague are on Leiden ground. The tracks in the direction of Leiden are on Voorschoten ground. Because of this, it is currently the only railway station in the Netherlands not to feature the name of the city it is located in.

Train services
The following services call at De Vink:
 * 2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague - Leiden - Sassenheim - Nieuw-Vennep - Hoofdorp - Schiphol - Amsterdam Lelylaan - Amsterdam Sloterdijk - Amsterdam Centraal
 * 2x per hour local service (stoptrein) The Hague - Leiden - Haarlem

title: De Vink railway station


text:
User:Humus sapiens

 Welcome to my userpage! '''You may leave your message or start a new topic at my talk page. Please do not edit this page .'''

My nickname
One day you feel like hummus, and another like blintzes ... The original idea was "homo sapiens" with a Mediterranean flavor. Only belatedly I have discovered that humus is different from the intended hummus. I love learning and I don't mind an earthly nick, especially after my friends found a deeper, meaning in it.

Who am I
I am a wikipedian. I've been a WPian since November 27, 2003 and a WP administrator since April 26, 2006, which excited some of my friends. Here, it only matters what we do, not who we are.

What do I do here
A list of the articles I've created or significantly contributed to is here. I dream that one day, when there is no more wars and vandalism, I'll be able to retire into some far-away corner of ancient history or Russian art. Meanwhile...

My policies
The policies I use as a guide in my editing and voting are here. I believe that converting the heat of raw emotions into the light of encyclopedic knowledge may alleviate animosity, if done within the framework of Policies and guidelines based on Five pillars. Unfortunately, many WP articles are frequently attacked by neo-nazis, jihadis, vandals, trolls, etc. I assume good faith but will revert, resist and ridicule hatemongers (within WP policies of course).

Today's puzzle
Some time ago I was puzzled by this image. If you know the story behind it, you may share your knowledge here.

My awards
The trophies are here. It's an honor and I appreciate good humor (where applicable).

Utility room
Some tools and links I keep handy for my own use.

ru:User:Humus sapiens he:משתמש:Humus sapiens

title: User:Humus sapiens


text:
User talk:Doidimais Brasil

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

hi, sorry for interruption, could you please see to the NPOV of exclusion of Brazil from this article. It was there until a month ago, and some guys keep excluding South America and Brazil from what I believe is its just place (and I am not alone, since these previous edits were there long before, to include Brazil). thanks Perroot 21:51, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela 01:13, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Benvindo à Wikipedia! Muriel Victoria 13:41, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC) --- Thanks, girls :-) Have you seen Olavo Bilac? Do you like it? Can it be on the Main Page on December 16, Bilac´s anniversary?
 * I suggest that around 15 December you ask in Talk:Main Page to have the article added by a sysop. Cheers, Muriel Victoria 13:57, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

- Olavo Bilac is a very nice article. To be brilliant, i suggest: expanding (brilliant articles should be as complete as possible) and formatting (some headings). As for the inclusion of the poems, i have my doubts. I can read portuguese and enjoy them, but i guess 90% of the other wikipedians and users cant. And wikipedia biographies usually dont have this kind of thing. Maybe you can leave one or two quotes and move the rest to an Olavo Bilac article in wikiquote.org. Please continue with the good work on portuguese language authors and brazilian culture. Those sections in wikipedia are hopelessly bad. Maybe you can work it out! All the best, Muriel Victoria 15:46, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * I just noticed that you included translations. Its not very clear that each poem has its translation. We know that mocidade is youth, but the others... Muriel

How can I make the fact that each poem has translation something clearer? - DB

For instance... Mocidade (original version); Youth (English translation). But please consider the highlighted above. You can have your name authomatically inserted by typing four tildes (~). Cheers, Muriel Victoria 15:58, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi, I think the poems would be best off at Wikisource, Wikipedia's sister project, as poems themselves aren't really encyclopedic. Other than that, it's great. Keep up the good work. :) Angela. 18:08, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Type something like Bilac´s poems. By the way, you can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. . Angela. 18:55, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I've perpertrated some minor fiddles to the two pages you told me about; take a look. I also left a couple of questions for you on Bilac's talk page: basically, I'm not sure what you mean when you say he was "chased". That sentence needs to be said in a different way. []s, –Hjr 03:33, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Plurals
Hi. A little hint on making plurals out of Article titles. For example, you wrote " RPGs ". You could have just typed " RPGs ". In the same manner, you could have typed " Brazilian ". RickK 19:46, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Holy Avenger
One thing I noticed about the article is that you use Image:Qholyavenger1.jpg but the image description page does not say where it is from. Potentially, it is a copyright violation, though I expect you could claim it is fair use. There's some instructions here on how to do this. You could also ask Jamesday or Martin for help on this. Also, before you say what the plot is, it might be a good idea to write. When you save the page, this will appear as, which warns people who might not want to know the plot. Angela. 02:02, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

It looks good, I made one little tweak. RickK 02:19, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for the fast replies. The image I posted can be found on several websites, including one with an interview with the author, so they won´t complain about copyrights. About spoilers: there are none on the article, only the very basic plot outtline that is shown right off in the first issues.

It isn't necessarily the case that because they use it on sites or it's used with the author or used in other places that it's OK here. It is in this case, though, because it's fair use, in my view. The problem is that lots of sites use images they shouldn't and we need to be sure we don't because one of the things we have planned is a paper version. We also need to help other people, including people who produce works they sell, to know whether they can safely use the picture or not - we're not trying just to produce the Wikipedia here, we're also trying to make it as easy as possible for others to use what we produce. To do that, we need to know where the image came from and have someone do a quick fair use justification if it isn't licensed to us or public domain. Please take a look at the fair use article and at Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation for an example of how a court justified a use as fair. Nice job on the articles, by the way - you seem to be a really promising new contributor. Jamesday 10:31, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Jamesday, thank you so much :-) Doidimais Brasil 12:32, Dec 14, 2003 (UTC)

Hi, just passing through on an obsessive quest to get rid of links to disambiguation pages. You have a couple on your page, Portuguese and English. I'm guessing the first should be a link to "Portuguese language", should the second be "English language" or to "English studies"? -- sannse 22:59, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hello! I've moved "Fundão" to a user subpage (User:Doidimais_Brasil/Fundão), since it is a page about you and your friends. Maximus Rex 05:28, 6 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Lula da Silva
Doidimais, as one of our very few Brazilian wikipedians, could you head over to Talk:Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and check the question I've just posted at the bottom? Basically, I'd like to know whether Lula is "Luís", "Luiz", or maybe a bit of both. Could you explain? Obrigado e um abraço, –Hajor 00:49, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC).

Hi Doidimais - Hope you recognize me from HG. I'm afraid you got me addicted too. Jeru 11:04, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi. What license is Image:0291.jpg under? I would really appreciate it if you could take a couple seconds to either tag it, or tell me its license on my talk page. Thank-you very much in advance. -[[User:Frazzydee|Frazzydee|✍]] 01:50, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks :). Do you know the exact license of the image? If you have rights- then you can choose the license. -[[User:Frazzydee|Frazzydee|✍]] 03:35, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

While you're deciding on that image, what license is Image:Aeee.jpg under? --[[User:Ricky81682|Ricky81682 (talk)]] 02:00, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi. You uploaded Image:Cópia de FUNDAO2.JPG but did not list any source and/or copyright information on the image description page. Please mark it either as GFDL or public domain. See Image_copyright_tags for more info. Please note that images without copyright information may be deleted in the future. Thanks. RedWolf 18:31, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)

Also:
 * Image:Bhsunnythu.jpg RedWolf 22:52, Dec 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:Marcelo cassaro.JPG ugen 64 01:04, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Political parties in Brazil
I am writing about the political parties in Brazil. My wish is every Brazilian political party having its own article in Wikipedia. I will appreciate any help, case you can. Thanks. -- Carlosar 09:58, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil

Unverified Image:Olavobil.jpg
Could you check the origin of and add a tag to Image:Olavobil.jpg? If a photograph it would be as it would have to be contemorary with the subject, but I think it looks like a drawing, and that could have been done after his death for all I know. Thanks! Kbh3rd 03:45, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

And:
 * Image:Olavo.jpg -- Kbh3rd 03:51, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

WP:RFA Self Nomination
When you nominate yourself for adminship, please list the nomination on the bottom, in the self nomination section. Thanks. --Lst27 ( t a l k )  00:10, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

TUP
Nothing personal against you. It's just the way the system works. Cheers. --Sn0wflake 02:48, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Just a greeting to a fellow HG'er. That is, salut! Natalinasmpf 02:13, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Doidimais, eu acho que tenho seu fucking icq numero na cum da minha contact list are you aquele forist from cagadaboa.com i meet in 2003? --201.4.250.1 22:37, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Sim Doidimais Brasil 03:24, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Oi
Just saw the IR template you made. Shouldn't we alphabetize the list by last name? Also, at some point, that list may become controversial; maybe there are ways to subdivide it to make it more specific. Best, Tfine80 04:10, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, then... but do remember that I comes after H. :) I don't really care that much about the name thing (although I know that Brazilians attach much more importance to first names) I also agree that there are some big wigs in the field -- just saying that it is by its nature a normative, opinion-based list. PS - i don't know if you interested in the mensalao scandal, but along with a few other users, I am planning to improve and expand this article in the coming days. We would love your input. Tfine80 04:26, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Could you please help me?
Hi! Unfortunately I do not speak any Portuguese at all. However, I'd like to put more details into my Portuguese user page. Would you be as kind as to translate a few sentences for me? Would be really great...--Jasmin Germann 20:04, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Tanks a lot for editing my Portuguese user page. It's great!--Jasmin Germann 11:11, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Usercategorization
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Brazil page as living in or being associated with Brazil. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Brazil for instructions. Rmky87 06:06, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Brazilian poets
Hi, Doidimais. It's been a long time since we discussed Olavo Bilac... Given your interest there, you might be interested in taking a look at a very good, very complete article on Mário de Andrade that's emerged in the past week or so: the main contributor, buddy of mine called Chick Bowen, has put it up for Peer Review. If you have a quiet moment, please stop by and give us the Brazilian-insider perspective, ok? Saludos, –Hajor 13:36, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Invitation to the Forgotten Realms project
Hi,

We are working on a Forgotten Realms Project to map Toril (mostly Faerûn, at the present). Since you contributed quite a lot on a Forgotten Realms-specific entry, I'd like to invite you to join the project, so we could improve the “Mapping the Realms” project.

The goal is to create a sort of World Factbook for the Realms. This means:
 * A consistent content
 * Use of templates
 * Entries should be limited to “sovereign places”: states and free cities, as well a moderately-inhabited place such as the Western Highlands.

On top of this, we also plan to cover Lost Empires, such as Pelvuria or Imaskar and, of course, Netheril

 * The project is located here
 * The Geographical index of Toril is a good start to get a visual of had been done, as well as the Halruaa entry.

Main contributors are presently
 * David Latapie
 * Poulsen

If you know some other person who would be interested, feel free to forward the invitation!

Feel free to take a look. We hope to see you soon mapping the Realms with us! Reply to David Latapie 12:39, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

re:Category:Wikipedians by D&D Alignment
I noticed you are categorized as a Wikipedian by alignment. If you are in to userboxes, there are now infoboxes available using a standard template. See the alignment category page for details. This is a copied announcement, please reply on My Talk Page or in the category talk if you have any questions. xaosflux Talk  / CVU  18:51, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Reply
Sorry I can't open the file you sent me. Aeon 03:36, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry I can't speak or understand Portuguese Aeon 04:58, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Go to this help page, it has all the info you need and can explain it better than I can Help:Link Aeon 05:08, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Underdog2.jpg
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Olavo Bilac no en.wikisourse
Olá Doidimais, como vai? Esbarrei sem querer na tradução para o inglês de poemas do Olavo no wikisourse em inglês. Acredito que você possa ser a pessoa a ter traduzido os poemas (ou saber quem o fez). O arquivo está sob ameaça de ser apagado se a fonte da tradução não for identificada. Arthur Welle 02:57, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Foto_fachada.JPG
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Image:Anuschka Tischer.jpg
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Happy Birthday!
  Close your eyes, blow the candles and wish hard! ''' Happy Birthday, Doidimais Brasil! ' Wishing you a very happy birthday and an awesome'' upcoming year! So, how does it feel to be one year older? Be sure to let me know :) And don't forget to also save us all a piece of cake!    Warmest wishes for your special day,  The Birthday Committee and myself! -- lov  e  laughterlife♥ talk?  01:29, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Greek to me
Greetings. I just wrote the page Greek to me. I am comparing similar expressions in other languages. I was wondering if you would be able to add the expression in any languages with which you are comfortable. Btw, I just found your page/profile by running a search for users who have a level 4/level 5 ability in non-English languages. Thanks much! samwaltz 04:50, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

hi
Hi. I found you in categories of users who can contribute in English and Portuguese. I myself am a native speaker of English, but I'm well on my way to learning Portuguese. Just check out my user page and talk page, and join in any of the discussions. To keep updated, you can even put a watch on my user page, which will automatically watch my talk page. :-) learnportuguese (talk) 21:17, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

: )
hey, like ur pic : P Elisa EX PL OS i ON talk.  17:47, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Qholyavenger1.jpg)
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What?
No writing for HeavenGames? :-D Xavexgoem (talk) 16:32, 22 July 2008 (UTC) Ah well, wish I could've met you hereabouts while you were active :-/

AfD nomination of Morton Kaplan
An article that you have been involved in editing, Morton Kaplan, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Morton Kaplan. Thank you.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message.

File source problem with File:Qholyavenger1.jpg
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Doidimais Brasil! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:34, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Chris Jones (Obsidian Entertainment) -

MfD nomination of User:Doidimais Brasil/Fundão
User:Doidimais Brasil/Fundão, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Doidimais Brasil/Fundão and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Doidimais Brasil/Fundão during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. — ξ xplicit  08:39, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

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File:Aeee.jpg listed for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Nomination of Diogo Mainardi for deletion
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Nomination of Menzoberranzan for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Marcelo Cassaro

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title: User talk:Doidimais Brasil


text:
Sarah Emma Edmonds

Sarah Emma Edmonds (born Sarah Emma Evelyn Edmondson, married name Seelye, alias Franklin Flint Thompson; December 1841 – September 5, 1898) was a British North America-born woman who claimed to have served as a man with the Union Army as a nurse and spy during the American Civil War. Although recognized for her service by the United States government, some historians dispute the validity of her claims as some of the details are demonstrably false, contradictory, or uncorroborated.

Early life
Edmonds was born in December 1841 in New Brunswick, Canada, then a British colony. The youngest child, she grew up with her sisters and brother, Thomas, on their family's farm near Magaguadavic Lake, not far from the border with the U.S. state of Maine. She was abused by her father, who had wanted a boy to help with the crops on the farm. Thomas had "fits," which was most likely to have been epilepsy. At age 15, Edmondson fled home to escape an arranged marriage; she was aided by her mother, who also had married young. She changed her last name to Edmonds in order to hide from her father, and started a millinery shop with a friend in Moncton, New Brunswick. Her father eventually found her, either by himself or through acquaintances, and Edmonds fled again to escape him.

She adopted the guise of Franklin Thompson to travel more easily. In addition, there are claims that her father had made her dress as a boy growing up, which would make her familiar and comfortable in a male role.

Thompson crossed into the United States and worked for Hurlburt and Company, a successful Bible bookseller and publisher in Hartford, Connecticut, selling Bibles door to door. Her boss, Mr. Hurlburt, claimed that she was the best salesman he had in 30 years of the business.

Civil War service
Edmonds' interest in adventure was sparked in childhood by Maturin Murray Ballou's book Fanny Campbell, the Female Pirate Captain, telling the story of Fanny Campbell and her adventures on a pirate ship during the American Revolution while dressed as a man. Campbell continued dressing as a man after the war in order to pursue other adventures. Edmonds used Campbell as an inspiration to "escape the limitations of her sex." She enlisted in Company F of the 2nd Michigan Infantry on May 25, 1861, also known as the Flint Union Greys. She disguised herself as a man named Franklin Flint Thompson, the middle name possibly after the city of Flint, Michigan, where she volunteered. She felt that it was her duty to serve the United States, as it was her new country. She at first served as a field nurse, participating in several campaigns under General McClellan, including the First and Second Battle of Bull Run, Antietam, the Peninsula Campaign, Vicksburg, Fredericksburg, and others.

According to her memoir, Thompson's career took a turn when an American spy in Richmond, Virginia, was discovered and put before a firing squad, and her friend James Vesey was killed in an ambush. Thompson took advantage of the open position, as well as the opportunity to avenge Vesey's death, and became a spy. There is no proof in her military records that she actually served as a spy, but she wrote extensively about her experiences in her memoir.

She travelled into enemy territory to gather information, requiring her to come up with many disguises. One disguise required her to use silver nitrate to dye her skin black, wear a black wig, and walk into the Confederacy disguised as a Black man by the name of Cuff. Another time, she entered the Confederacy as an Irish peddler by the name of Bridget O'Shea, claiming that she was selling apples and soap to the soldiers. Once, she was posing as a black laundress working for the Confederates when a packet of official papers fell out of an officer's jacket. She returned to the United States with the papers, and the generals were delighted. Additionally, she worked as a detective, Charles Mayberry, in Kentucky, uncovering a Confederate agent.

Thompson suffered an injury before the Second Battle of Bull Run in 1862, when she took a trip to Berry's Brigade in order to deliver mail. In an attempt to take a shortcut, she was thrown into a ditch by her mule before reaching the brigade; she sustained severe injuries. In 1863, she contracted malaria. Doctors urged her to go to the hospital for treatment. Thompson abandoned her post in the army, fearing that she would be discovered as a woman if she went to a military hospital. She checked herself into a private hospital, intending to return to military life once she had recuperated.

Once she recovered, however, she saw posters listing Frank Thompson as a deserter. Rather than return to the army under another alias or as Frank Thompson, and risk execution for desertion, she decided to serve as a female nurse under her real name at a Washington, D.C. hospital for wounded soldiers run by the United States Christian Commission. There was speculation that Thompson may have deserted because of John Reid being discharged months earlier, and there is evidence in Reid's diary that she had mentioned leaving before she had contracted malaria. Thompson's fellow soldiers spoke highly of her military service, and even after her disguise was discovered, they considered her a good soldier. She was referred to as a fearless soldier and was active in every battle that her regiment faced.

Memoir
In 1864, Boston publisher DeWolfe, Fiske, & Co. published Edmonds' account of her military experiences as The Female Spy of the Union Army. One year later, her story was picked up by a Hartford, Connecticut publisher who issued it with a new title, Nurse and Spy in the Union Army. It was a huge success, selling in excess of 175,000 copies. Edmonds donated the profits from her memoir to "various soldiers' aid organizations."

Personal life
In 1867, she married Linus H. Seelye, a mechanic with whom she bore three children, but all three died in their youth, leading the couple to adopt two sons. Edmonds claimed that Seelye was a childhood friend; however, this was not true.

Later life
In 1882, Edmonds began the process of clearing the charge of desertion from Thompson's record in order to receive a pension. She wrote to several members of her Company, asking for them to sign affidavits on her behalf. In 1884, Congress declared that she was owed a pension of $12 a month. Thompson's charge of desertion was cleared by Congress in 1886, and she received a discharge certificate from the Adjutant General's Office in 1887.

Edmonds became a lecturer after her story received more publicity in 1883.

In 1897, she became the second of only two women admitted to the Grand Army of the Republic, the Civil War Union Army veterans' organization. She was a member of the George B. McClellan Post, No. 9 in Houston, Texas.

Edmonds died in La Porte, Texas, on September 5, 1898, from lingering complications of malaria she had contracted in 1863. She was only 56 years old. She was buried in the local cemetery, but Edmonds was laid to rest a second time in 1901 with full military honors. She is buried in the Grand Army of the Republic section of Washington Cemetery in Houston.

Veracity of claims
As early as 1883, when asked by a newspaper reporter, "Can that book be regarded as authentic?" Edmonds responded, "Not strictly so." By the 1960s, fraudulent aspects of her pension file were being discussed by historians. Edmonds' biographer, Sylvia Dannett, acknowledges lies told by Edmonds in her book She Rode with the Generals. Edwin Fishel writes that Edmonds "almost certainly was never a spy", citing dubious claims in her memoirs as well as the absence of her name or alias among the papers of George B. McClellan, one of the Union generals in charge of Army intelligence, or in the roster of Allan Pinkerton's agents employed as spies for the Union.

Dannett was also one of the few historians of the 20th century to accurately portray a woman that went into service with her biography on Edmonds. DeAnne Blanton argues that "only since the early 1990s has the subject of women soldiers received renewed and serious scholarly attention." Patricia Wilde wrote in her dissertation that many memoirs of the period, including Edmonds, Belle Boyd, and Loreta Velasquez, were purposefully using sensational rhetoric. "A kind of pathetic appeal, sensational rhetoric is the use of shocking, exciting, and thrilling language and/or subject matter for persuasive purposes." She argues that "disenfranchised nineteenth-century women used sensational rhetoric to circumvent obstacles that prevented them from publicly discussing issues related to the American Civil War."

Legacy
A number of fictional accounts of her life were written for young adults in the 20th century, including Ann Rinaldi's Girl in Blue. Rinaldi writes of Edmonds' life and how she came to be Franklin Thompson.

American author James J. Knights presented a fictionalized account of Edmonds' wartime experiences in his book Soldier Girl Blue, published in 2019.

Edmonds was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1992.

Edmonds is listed on the Canadian ACW Memorial at the Lost Villages Museum, Long Sault, Ontario.

Inscription: Sarah Emma Edmonds, - 2nd Michigan Infantry - Soldier, Nurse, & Spy Disguised herself as a man (Franklin Thompson) Awarded a US Army Pension. Born: Moncton, New Brunswick

title: Sarah Emma Edmonds


text:
Talk:December 1

Events Moved and Removed
Moved:
 * 1917 - In Nebraska, Father Edward J. Flanagan founds Boys Town as a farm village for wayward boys (in 1979 it was opened to girls as well).

Nope - happened on December 12. --mav 01:16, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Moved:
 * 1991 - Panama Canal comes completely under Panama's jurisdiction.

Nope - that happened on December 31, 1999. --mav 01:16, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Removed:
 * 1821 - The Dominican Republic declares its independence from Spain.

The Dominican Republic was part of Haiti until 1824. --mav 06:36, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)~

Replace Rosa Parks
The Rosa Parks entry will soon become a FA, and we are preparing for the article to appear on the main page on Dec 1. To prevent any overlap this year, can an admin replace Rosa with another event? Lotsofissues 01:58, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Unsourced Events Removed
I've reluctantly removed the following from the Events section, as they don't seem to be supported by their respective articles:

 * 1969 – The first legislation to limit aircraft noise levels at airports is introduced in U.S. Federal Air Regulation, Part 36.
 * 1971 – The Indian Army recaptures part of Kashmir occupied forcibly by Pakistan.
 * 1981 – The AIDS virus is officially recognized.

If anybody knows more than I do about these events, please add them back with links to articles that support them. Alexbook (talk) 22:43, 29 November 2013 (UTC)

"Feast for Death of Aleister Crowley"
My understanding is that anything mentioned on this page has to have an article. The linked article for this "feast" does not mention it. His death is mentioned properly above in the section on 'deaths' on this day. I suggest the Feast for Death be removed (unless of course someone writes an article on it or includes it in the linked article) --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 15:39, 27 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on December 1. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121209124556/http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Dec&day=01 to http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Dec&day=01

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Ken Berry's Death
Ken Berry died on Dec 1, 2018. Somehow he was never added to this page.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Berry Beatles777! (talk) 10:49, 16 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:December 1


text:
User:Zmaz299

I love the University of Michigan Wolverines. I live in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Go Blue!!!!

title: User:Zmaz299