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Call forwarding

Call forwarding, or call diversion, is a telephony feature of all telephone switching systems which redirects a telephone call to another destination, which may be, for example, a mobile or another telephone number where the desired called party is available. Call forwarding was invented by Ernest J. Bonanno.

In North America, the forwarded line usually rings once to remind the customer using call forwarding that the call is being redirected. More consistently, the forwarded line indicates its condition by stutter dial tone. Call forwarding typically can redirect incoming calls to any other domestic telephone number, but the owner of the forwarded line must pay any toll charges for forwarded calls. Call forwarding is often enabled by dialing *72 followed by the telephone number to which calls should be forwarded. Once someone answers, call forwarding is in effect. If no one answers or the line is busy, the dialing sequence must be repeated to effect call forwarding. Call forwarding is disabled by dialing *73. This feature requires a subscription from the telephone company. Also available in some areas is Remote Access to call forwarding, which permit the control over call forwarding from telephones other than the subscriber's telephone. VOIP and cable telephone systems also allow call forwarding to be set up and directed via their web portals. Call forwarding can be Conditional or Unconditional. Conditional call forwarding only works when the conditions set by the customers met while Unconditional call forwarding works in all cases irrelevant of network coverage.

In Europe, most networks indicate that unconditional call forwarding is active with a special dial tone. When the phone is picked up it is immediately apparent that calls are being forwarded, while in other countries same system is being followed now.

Terminology
The ISDN Diversion supplementary services standards document uses "diversion" as a general term to encompass specific features including "Call Forwarding Busy", "Call Forwarding No Reply" and "Call Deflection".

The terms call forwarding and call diversion are both used to refer to any feature that allows a call to be routed to a third party, and the terms are generally interchangeable.

North America
Special types of call forwarding can be activated only if the line is busy, or if there is no answer, or even only for calls from selected numbers. In North America, the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) generally uses the following vertical service codes to control call forwarding:

The Sprint Nextel cellphone company uses these:

 * , Sprint charges 20 cents per minute for unconditional call forwarding; conditional call forwarding is included, however.
 * Some carriers (including Verizon Wireless) use *71 for conditional forwarding although this is not standard.
 * Sometimes, to deactivate call forwarding, *720 will work on cellphones.

Europe
Most EU fixed-line carriers use the following codes based on CEPT and ETSI standards developed in the 1970s on both POTS and ISDN lines. (There may be some variation to these, but the unconditional code *21* is very much universally standard on EU telephone lines.) The general syntax for all European service codes always follows the pattern below:

Mobile (cell) phones
For GSM/3GSM (UMTS) phones, the GSM standard defines the following forwarding Unstructured Supplementary Service Data. These were developed by ETSI and are based on standard European diversion codes and are similar to those used on most landlines in the EU:

If the prefix to the forwarding command is "**" (instead of the usual "*"), then the phone number in that command is registered in the network. If after that the forwarding is deactivated using a command with a single "#", then later it will be possible to re-activate this forwarding again with a simple "*" command without a phone number in it. The forwarding will be re-activated to the number registered in the network. For example, if one uses the out-of-reach code in a forwarding command:

and after that one deactivates the forwarding:

then later it will be possible to re-activate the out-of-reach forwarding without specifying a number:

After the above command, all calls made to the phone, while it is out of reach, will be forwarded to 7035551212. It is possible to activate the feature to a number other than the registered number, while still retaining the registered number for later use. For example, issuing the command:

will result in calls being forwarded to 7185551212 (and not to the registered number 7035551212). However, if later a command is issued:

then the calls will again be forwarded to the registered number 7035551212 (and not to the number from the previous forwarding command 7185551212).

Forwarding delay
In GSM networks of some US carriers, and in all mobile networks in Europe, it is possible to set a number of seconds for the phone to ring before forwarding the call. This is specified by inserting "*SC*XX" prior to the final "#" of the forwarding command, where "SC" is a service type code (11 for voice, 25 for data, 13 for fax), and "XX" is the number of seconds in increments of 5 seconds. If "SC" is omitted (just "**XX") then by default all service types will be forwarded. For example, forwarding on no-answer can be set with:

Forwarding voice calls only can be set with:

In some networks there may be a limit of not more than thirty seconds before forwarding (i.e. “XX” can only be 05, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30; all greater values, like 45 and 60, will result in the forwarding command being rejected and an error message returned).

Uses
Diverting calls can increase one's availability to callers. The main alternative is an answering machine or voicemail, but some callers do not wish to leave a recorded message, but want to have a two-way conversation.

Some businesses have their calls forwarded to a call center, so that the client can reach an operator instead of an answering machine or voice mail. Before the availability of call forwarding, commercial answering services needed to physically connect to every line for which they provided after-hours response; this required their offices to be located near the local central exchange and be fed by a huge multi-pair trunk in which a separate pair of wires existed for each client subscriber. With call forwarding, there is no physical connection to the client's main telephone service, which is merely call-forwarded to the answering service (usually on a direct inward dial number) at the end of the business day.

Often, a suburb of a large city is a toll call from many suburban exchanges on the opposite side of the same city, even though all of these suburbs are a local call to the city centre. A business located in such a suburb may therefore benefit from obtaining a downtown number as an "extender", to be permanently forwarded to their geographic suburban number.

Where unlimited local calls are flat-rated and long-distance incurs high per-minute charges, the downtown number's wider local calling area represents a commercial advantage. Markham (directly north of Toronto) is long-distance to Mississauga (directly west of Toronto). A Markham business with a forwarded 416 number could receive calls from Toronto's entire local calling area without incurring long-distance tolls (as both legs, Mississauga → Toronto and Toronto → Markham, are each a local call).

Some services offer international call forwarding by allocating for the customer a local virtual phone number which is forwarded to any other international destination. The number was permanently forwarded and had no associated telephone line. As a means to obtain an inbound number from another town or region for business use, remote call forwarding schemes tend to be far less expensive than foreign exchange lines but more costly than using voice over IP to obtain a local number in the chosen city.

Call forwarding can also assist travelers who do not have international cell phone plans and who wish to continue to receive their voicemails through VoIP easily while abroad.

title: Call forwarding


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TWX

TWX may refer to:

 * Teletypewriter Exchange Service, a telex system in the US and Canada
 * TWX (magazine)
 * Time Warner's stock ticker symbol

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: TWX


text:
Government Medical College, Kozhikode

Government Medical College, Kozhikode, also known as Calicut Medical College, is a public medical college in Kozhikode, in the Indian state of Kerala.

History
The medical college was established in 1957 as the second medical college in Kerala by Dr. A. R. Menon MBBS, FRCH, Minister for Health, EMS ministry. With over 3025 beds, it is currently the largest hospital in India and tenth largest in the world. It is also one of India's largest hospitals by area, covering more than 270 acres of land in the outskirts of Kozhikode city. Formerly affiliated to the University of Calicut, the college is now attached to the Kerala University of Health Sciences (KUHS).

Publication
It publishes the Calicut Medical Journal. The Institute of Palliative Medicine of Kozhikode is part of it.

Institute of Maternal and Child Health
The Institute of Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) is a 1100 bed tertiary care center dedicated to maternal and child health care. The Institute of Maternal and Child Health of Medical College is a regional diagnostic centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. This collaborative centre provides clinical care as well as genetic diagnosis for patients with Primary immunodeficiency disorders. This collaborative centre is part of the Genomics for Understanding Rare Diseases India Alliance Network (GUaRDIAN) Initiative.

Institute of Palliative Medicine
The Institute of Palliative Medicine (IPM) is a WHO collaborative centre for Community participation in Palliative Care and Long term Care It was initially set up in 1993, as a pain relief clinic for terminal cancer patients, run by Dr M. R. Rajagopal and Dr Suresh Kumar. Today, it is the nodal institution for palliative care in Kerala, providing training to doctors, nurses and volunteers. Since the vast majority of India's palliative care sites - 841 out of 908 - are located in Kerala, the Institute of Palliative Medicine leads the largest palliative care network in India.

Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
The Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS) is an autonomous institute under the government of Kerala.

Government Women and Children hospital, Kozhikode
This was established in 1903 by Raja Sir Savalai Ramaswamy Mudaliar and was handed over to the Government on 22 September 1903

Notable alumni
The Calicut Medical College Alumni Association was established in 2003. The association publishes the Calicut Medical Journal, an online open access medical journal. The founding editor-in-chief was P.V. Ramachandran, and the current editor is Varghese Thomas. The journal is indexed by CAB International. It was established to provide local physicians an opportunity to report their research findings to an international audience.

Notable alumni include:
 * Azad Moopen, physician, Padma Shri (2011)
 * K. C. Joseph, politician
 * Khadija Mumtaz, author
 * M. K. Muneer, former minister (only for house surgency. MBBS course was done in a private college in Bangalore)
 * P. K. Sasidharan, Doctor, Author, Social activist, Educator
 * Vinod Scaria, Indian Biologist, Medical Researcher

title: Government Medical College, Kozhikode


text:
Plimsoll

Plimsoll may refer to:

 * Plimsoll (surname)
 * The plimsoll symbol (⦵ or o ) that is used as a superscript in the notation of thermodynamics to indicate a specific arbitrarily chosen non-zero reference point ("standard state").
 * Plimsoll line or Plimsoll mark on a ship's hull, named after Samuel Plimsoll
 * Plimsoll shoe, which is named for the shoe's horizontal lines, which resemble the Plimsoll line

title: Plimsoll


text:
Talk:Uncial script

Latin and Greek scribes
Irish Scribes wrote in Gaelic also it should be Gaelic, Greek and Latin scribes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.250.188.91 (talk) 19:53, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Byzantine
Greek There's probably a very good reason for this link in the first paragraph, but as it stands, it is confusing, especially since "Byzantine" is a redirect to Byzantine Empire. Can someone please clarify the link and fix it to something more appropriate? -- Sam 12:44, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Majuscule?

 * " Uncial is a majuscule script "

It is obviouly not in every case. I translated this article into Swedish and changed things around a bit. According to one of my Swedish sources uncial is using a "universalalfabet", meaning an alphabet that makes no distinction between majuscle and miniscule characters. With my shortcomings in the English language I'm to shy to edit your article myself, but I do think someone should. Med vänliga hälsningar / Mats Halldin 08:06, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Uncial is a Majuscule script in it's purest form. There are a lot of variations that come from uncial that are still sometimes called Uncial.  Insular Miniscule script is one of them also being called Insular half uncial miniscule. What a mouthfull!

Uncial is a calligraphical minuscule script forced into a majuscule format. Outi Merisalo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.234.5.137 (talk) 16:29, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Insular
I argue with the article's depiction of Insular Majuscule being called Insular because it was used in the British Isles. Indeed it was used on the islands of Ireland. Developed there after St Patrick, most likely, brough Uncial to the Irish. It developed in Ireland on its own. Long before Great Brittain was great. It did eventually migrate over to the British Isle though.Dave 20:44, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Isn't Ireland one of the British Isles? Adam Bishop 03:07, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

• I think Ireland is, indeed, one of the approximately hundred or so British Isles. • Returning to the "mouthful majuscule issue", wouldn't it be correct to say that the original Roman script was purely majuscule but the later diverse forms of uncial where not in all cases? The term "insular half uncial" in itself seem to agree with this along with its softened-up version (d, h, q, p etc being minuscles) of the "classical majuscule script" uncial is generally regarded to be. • Maybe the leading defintion just needs to be more clear about later versions of uncial being uncial 'in character' rather than in a literally sense. The monks at the time simply didn't make a distinction between majuscules and miniscules. / Mats Halldin 19:00, 25 February 2006 (UTC) (sorry again for any shortcomings in English)

I don't think Uncial script was used in Scots Gaelic, at least not since the invention of the printing press. Nennius 28/9/06

Image
As the description correctly states the image shows an example of insular majuscule, but the description mistakes the filing of this script as a variant of uncial writing as the insular scripts base on halfuncial forms. I don't have a better image at hand, but recommend to replace it. GVogeler 17:33, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Private use Unicode symbols
Under the 'Forms' section, there are two Unicode symbols use that do not display for me (Chrome 52, Win10, standard fonts), and on lookup they are Both symbols are from Unicode's "private use" block. What symbols was the original editor intending to use here, and with what font were they being displayed? Does anyone else get them to show? Once we verify what we are we can either find a substitute in the standard Unicode blocks or use existing svg/png renderings. If we don't get a response in a week or two, we should get rid of the symbols from the page. SamuelRiv (talk) 03:01, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * "⟨m⟩ is formed with curved strokes ⟨⟩" '(U+F218)'
 * "hasta does not connect with the top curve ⟨⟩" '(U+F225)'
 * One year has passed and apparently nobody bothered to explain. I'll remove them now. Ahyangyi (talk) 10:08, 23 June 2017 (UTC)

Etymology and pronunciation
Uncial? How should it be pronounced, and why? And would visitors to the page benefit from knowing? Nick Barnett (talk) 15:03, 4 June 2019 (UTC)

Greek uncial
According to, the Greek uncial hand already emerged in the 3rd century BC – presumably it influenced the development of an uncial hand in Latin too. For example, the Bankes Homer manuscript, from the 2nd century AD, is clearly in an uncial hand resembling very much that of the early New Testament uncial codices. It's odd that this is not mentioned here, but I've also got trouble finding authoritative sources on the subject online. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:06, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Uncial script


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Interstate 780

Interstate 780 (I-780) is an east–west auxiliary Interstate Highway in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. It runs from Curtola Parkway and Lemon Street in Vallejo to I-680 just north of the Benicia–Martinez Bridge in Benicia. It closely parallels the Carquinez Strait for its entire route. Originally, this segment was part of I-680 before that Interstate was extended and rerouted to Fairfield. The city-maintained Curtola Parkway continues west from I-80 to State Route 29 (SR 29) in Vallejo.

Route description
The I-780 state-maintained freeway begins at Lemon Street and Curtola Parkway, quickly crossing underneath I-80 at a cloverleaf interchange. The freeway passes through parts of unincorporated Solano County, then heads southeast along the Benicia State Recreation Area (a marsh). It then bypasses downtown Benicia through the hills to the north. I-780 ends at I-680 at the north end of the Benicia–Martinez Bridge, with I-680 heading south through the East Bay to San Jose.

I-780 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and, as with every Interstate Highway, is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

History
By 1914, a paved county road connected Vallejo and Benicia north of the Carquinez Strait, following the present Maine Street, Benicia Road, Columbus Parkway, and K Street. Although state highways were designated to Benicia in 1910 (Legislative Route (LRN) 7, now I-680) and Vallejo in 1931 (LRN 74, now SR 29), this connection was not added until 1935, when LRN 74 (an unsigned designation) was extended east from Vallejo to Benicia and north along former LRN 7 to Fairfield. (A short spur connecting Vallejo to the Carquinez Bridge was added to LRN 74 in 1937. ) LRN 74 initially entered Benicia on K Street and left on East 5th Street, making several turns in between. Two realignments were built in the 1940s, reducing the number of turns to one, at the corner of L and East 2nd streets.

On September 15, 1955, the Bureau of Public Roads approved the Interstate Highway System spurs and connections in urban areas. Among these was a loop around the San Francisco Bay, soon numbered I-280 and I-680. The east half (I-680) incorporated a number of existing legislative routes, including LRN 69, LRN 108, LRN 107, LRN 75, and LRN 74, crossing the Carquinez Strait on the proposed Benicia–Martinez Bridge and ending at I-80 near downtown Vallejo. The first piece of this freeway north of the Carquinez Strait was at the I-80 cloverleaf interchange, built in the late 1950s when I-80 was upgraded through Vallejo. This was an extremely short roadway, beginning at Lemon Street, crossing under I-80 and Laurel Street and ending at Reis Avenue and Cedar Street. In about 1960, it was extended east to the old highway (Columbus Parkway) between the cities and was completed to the new bridge in about 1962, the year the bridge opened.

In the 1964 state highway renumbering, the legislative designation of the completed Vallejo–Benicia freeway was changed from LRN 74 to LRN 680, reflecting its Interstate designation. The short piece of nonfreeway in Vallejo, extending west from I-80 to SR 29, became State Route 141 (SR 141). This route followed Benicia Road and Maine Street, the same alignment the state highway had always taken; it initially connected with I-780 via Lemon Street but later followed Benicia Road from I-80 north of I-780. In 1975, a proposed (and never constructed) extension west and north to SR 37 east of the Napa River was added to LRN 141. The route was to be the Waterfront Freeway, scaled down to a boulevard in 1974.

The FHWA approved a relocation of I-680 onto the SR 21 freeway between Benicia and Fairfield in July 1973. To keep the route to Vallejo in the Interstate system, it was renumbered I-780; the corresponding legislative changes were made in 1976. As part of the project to construct a new northbound Benicia–Martinez Bridge, the I-680/I-780 interchange was rebuilt; the new span opened in August 2007. LRN 141 was deleted from the state highway system in 1988, soon after the city of Vallejo constructed Curtola Parkway over (replacing Maryland Street) just to the south, directly connecting I-780 with a surface road to SR 29.

Exit list
Mileage was measured from east-to-west based on the alignment of LRN 680 as it existed at that time. Exit numbers were still assigned the conventional west-to-east ascension.

title: Interstate 780


text:
Matt Le Tissier

Matthew Paul Le Tissier (born 14 October 1968) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Le Tissier spent his entire professional club career with Southampton, before turning to non-League football in 2002; his loyalty garnered special affection from Southampton's fans who nicknamed him "Le God".

A creative attacking midfielder with exceptional technical skills, Le Tissier is the second-highest-ever scorer for Southampton behind Mick Channon, and was voted PFA Young Player of the Year in 1990. He was the first midfielder to score 100 goals in the Premier League. He is notable for his record at scoring penalty kicks—converting from the spot 47 times from 48 attempts—and is considered one of the greatest ever from the 12-yard spot. Born in Guernsey, Le Tissier opted to represent England, winning eight caps from 1994 to 1997. In 2011, he became honorary president of Guernsey F.C., and briefly came out of retirement to play for the club in 2013.

Following his retirement as a player, Le Tissier became a football pundit, and worked as a panellist on the Sky Sports show Soccer Saturday until August 2020. In his retirement, he has made several posts on social media, concerning COVID-19 and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which were met with criticism.

Early career
Le Tissier was born in Guernsey, a British crown dependency, and played youth football on the island with Vale Recreation between the ages of seven and sixteen. At fifteen, he had a trial at English club Oxford United, but nothing came of it.

Southampton
Signing for Southampton on YTS forms in 1985 and then signing professional forms in October 1986, Le Tissier made his club debut in a 4–3 defeat at Norwich City in the First Division, and by the end of that season had scored six goals in 24 league games, including a hat-trick against Leicester City in the league. He scored his first two competitive goals in a League Cup third-round replay at home to Manchester United on 4 November 1986, a game which Southampton won 4–1 and was Ron Atkinson's last in charge of the visitors, his sacking coming within 48 hours of the result. Le Tissier made 19 first team league appearances in the 1987–88 season, failing to score, but in the 1988–89 season, scored nine times in 28 league games.

Le Tissier was voted PFA Young Player of the Year for the 1989–90 season, in which he was one of the league's top goalscorers with 20 goals as Southampton finished seventh in the First Division, the club's highest finish for five years.

Le Tissier's highest-scoring league season was in the 1993–94 season, in which he scored 25 league goals. The following season, he won the Match of the Day Goal of the Season award for his drifting 40-yard chip against Blackburn Rovers, scoring against his long-term friend, and former Southampton keeper, Tim Flowers.

Le Tissier's goal tally for the season regularly went well into double figures for the league alone throughout the 1990s, playing a major role in Southampton preserving their top flight status into the new millennium as they came close to relegation on five occasions in the first seven seasons of the Premier League — including one season when they only survived on goal difference. He was the subject of interest from many big clubs in England and overseas during this time, particularly from Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester United, but the transfer never happened and Le Tissier would ultimately remain a Southampton player until his retirement. In August 1995, Chelsea reportedly made a £10 million bid for Le Tissier which would have made him the most expensive player in English football at the time. Shortly afterwards, defending league champions Blackburn Rovers were reportedly planning to sign him for a similar-sized fee.

On 2 April 2000, Le Tissier scored a last-minute penalty for Southampton in a 2–1 defeat to Sunderland. This brought his tally of Premier League goals to 100, making him only the sixth player and first midfielder to reach this milestone.

Le Tissier scored the last goal in the final competitive match played at The Dell on 19 May 2001, against Arsenal. This turned out to be his last goal for Southampton. He played several games for the club during the 2001–02 season, the first season at the new St Mary's Stadium, in an eventual 11th-place finish. His final competitive appearance for the Saints came against West Ham United on 30 January 2002. He announced on 29 March 2002 that he would retire from playing at the season's end after limping off with a recurrence of a calf strain during a reserve team game against Charlton Athletic.

Le Tissier's final match, a testimonial against an England XI in May 2002, ended in a 9–9 draw, with Le Tissier playing 45 minutes for each side, while his ten-year-old son Mitchell came on as a substitute in the second half, scoring four times.

Throughout his career, Le Tissier had a fearsome reputation for scoring from the spot, converting 47 of the 48 penalties that he took for Southampton. His sole failure to convert came on 24 March 1993 in a match against Nottingham Forest, his spot kick being saved by Forest keeper Mark Crossley, the feat being so unique that Crossley describes it as the save of which he is most proud.

Eastleigh
After leaving Southampton, Le Tissier had a two-season-long spell with non-league side Eastleigh, where he played alongside his former Southampton teammate David Hughes. He made his debut in a 3–0 victory over Newport (IOW) in the Hampshire Senior Cup in October 2002. He played his last match for the club early in August 2003, starring in the Hampshire Chronicle Cup Final second-leg victory against Winchester City.

Guernsey
On 7 April 2013, ten years after retiring from football, Le Tissier announced he had come out of retirement and signed with his hometown club Guernsey. A number of fixture postponements meant that they had to play 17 league fixtures in a month, and Le Tissier announced that he would be able to play in four or five games, also saying he was unable to play Saturday games due to his job as a television pundit on Soccer Saturday. He made his only appearance for the club on 24 April, as a substitute for Ollie McKenzie, in a 4–2 defeat in their Combined Counties League Premier Division clash with Colliers Wood United.

International career
Le Tissier represented Guernsey's under-15 side, playing in the 1983 Muratti Vase final against Jersey U15.

Le Tissier chose to play for England, joining a relatively small group of players who were not born in the country, and earned eight caps over three years. Guernsey, although largely self-governing, does not have an official FIFA national team, which made Le Tissier eligible to play for England. He was picked by the manager Terry Venables to start the ill-fated friendly match against the Republic of Ireland at Lansdowne Road, on 15 February 1995. With Ireland leading from a 22nd-minute goal by David Kelly, a group of England fans began to riot, causing the Dutch referee Dick Jol to abandon the match.

In the run-up to the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Le Tissier scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 victory for England B against Russia B at Loftus Road; despite this, he was overlooked by manager Glenn Hoddle for the final squad. He never played for England again after the tournament.

Style of play
Le Tissier was a creative and technically gifted attacking midfielder, with an eye for goal, known for his ball striking, and ability to get into good attacking positions, in addition to his vision, and ability to create chances for teammates; these abilities also enabled him to play as a supporting striker on occasion, or even on the right wing, although this was not his favoured position. Despite his poor work-rate, and lack of notable pace or stamina, he was known for his excellent control, technique, balance, and dribbling skills, as well as his intelligence on the ball, and his use of tricks and feints, which allowed him to beat opponents. He was also known for his extreme accuracy on penalties.

Post-retirement
On the former site of The Dell, which was Southampton F.C.'s old stadium, the names of apartment blocks honour Southampton Football Club players; one is named Le Tissier Court. At Southampton F.C.'s current ground, St Mary's Stadium, one of the hospitality suites is named after him.

On 7 February 2007, a plane in the Flybe fleet was named after him on his home island of Guernsey. It was withdrawn from use in July 2011.

After Southampton's relegation to level three in 2008–09, Le Tissier initially offered to help with a bid to take over the club, but later withdrew, amidst some controversy.

In September 2009, Le Tissier revealed in his autobiography that he had placed a spread bet on a match he was involved in during his playing career. During an April 1995 match at Wimbledon, Le Tissier stood to win "well into four figures" after betting on the time of the first throw-in. After kicking off, he tried to overhit a pass to unsuspecting teammate Neil Shipperley, but due to nerves, underhit it and Shipperley was able to keep the ball in play. Le Tissier revealed he had "never run so much" in his life as he tried to put the ball out of play to avoid losing money, with the ball eventually going out of play after 70 seconds, meaning Le Tissier and his associates neither won nor lost money. The event was investigated by Hampshire Police but the Crown Prosecution Service refused to take the case further, citing that it did "not represent appropriate use of police resources" and "would not be in the public interest".

Le Tissier made a cameo appearance for Southampton in Claus Lundekvam's testimonial against Celtic, on 18 July 2008. Lundekvam had previously played with him at Southampton from 1996 to 2002. In 2011, Le Tissier accepted the position of Honorary President of Guernsey F.C.

In August 2016, Le Tissier and ex-Southampton teammate Francis Benali announced that they had gone into business as football agents. Speaking about their joint business venture, Le Tissier commented that their aim was to provide "guidance and support on every aspect of a footballer's career—on and off the field". Benali added: "We've got a real passion for football and are keen to impart our experience and knowledge to help players make the right decisions for their careers. He was a long-term panellist on Sky Sports show Soccer Saturday until August 2020 when he was dropped. Whilst working for Sky Sports, Le Tissier said that he was required to wear a Black Lives Matter badge and was only told this "about a minute" before the show started. After wearing the badge for one show he subsequently refused to and he believed that this contributed to his dismissal.

In 2019 and 2020, Le Tissier featured in both seasons of ITV show Harry's Heroes, which featured former football manager Harry Redknapp attempting get a squad of former England international footballers back fit and healthy for a game against Germany legends.

In 2020, Le Tissier became an outspoken critic of the reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. He issued several tweets criticising what he deemed to be an "overreaction" by the government and media, among others, opposing lockdowns and mask orders. An image he posted on Twitter which implied a comparison between the Holocaust and having to wear masks during the pandemic was deleted. In 2021, Le Tissier drew widespread criticism again for promoting unverified hypotheses, when he suggested that Christian Eriksen's on-pitch cardiac arrest was an adverse reaction to being vaccinated, despite Eriksen not being vaccinated. In November 2021 he faced further criticism, this time by epidemiologists, as one of several former professional footballers "demanding investigations into links" between onfield collapses and COVID vaccinations, after three footballers collapsed in one week.

Le Tissier controversially retweeted a post on Twitter concerning the Bucha massacre, committed during Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, suggesting the media was lying in its coverage of the event. Following backlash, Le Tissier stepped down from his role as a Club Ambassador at Southampton on 6 April.

On 4 May 2022, Jersey Bulls cancelled an appearance of Le Tissier after he was previously announced as the special guest at their awards dinner following fan backlash.

In June 2024, Le Tissier joined non-league club Sholing as an associate director.

Personal life
Le Tissier married childhood sweetheart Cathy and had two children, Mitchell and Keeleigh. The couple divorced in 1997 and Cathy and the children moved back to Guernsey, after which he had a relationship with Home and Away and Emmerdale actress Emily Symons, before marrying Angela Nabulsi in April 2008 in a small ceremony. Together, they have one daughter, Ava. All three of Le Tissier's brothers — Mark, Kevin and Carl — also played football, but never professionally. Mark is currently secretary of Guernsey F.C.

Le Tissier is not related to fellow Guernsey born football player Maya Le Tissier, although her father did play football with him.

Honours
Southampton
 * Full Members' Cup runner-up: 1991–92

Eastleigh
 * Wessex Football League: 2002–03

Individual
 * PFA Young Player of the Year: 1989–90
 * Southampton Player of the Season: 1989–90, 1993–94, 1994–95
 * Most assists in the Premier League: 1994–95
 * PFA Team of the Year: 1994–95 Premier League
 * BBC Goal of the Season: 1994–95
 * English Football Hall of Fame: 2013
 * One Club Man Award: 2015

title: Matt Le Tissier


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Interstate 980

Interstate 980 (I-980) is a short 2.03 mi auxiliary Interstate Highway entirely within Oakland in Northern California, connecting I-580 and State Route 24 (SR 24) to I-880 near Downtown Oakland. I-980 passes the Oakland Convention Center and near the famous Jack London Square. I-980 is commonly considered the dividing line between Downtown Oakland and West Oakland. The freeway was planned as the eastern approach to the Southern Crossing. It is officially known as the John B. Williams Freeway, after the former director of the city of Oakland's Office of Community Development.

I-980 was used as an alternate route between Oakland and San Francisco when the Cypress Viaduct carrying I-880 collapsed in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Traffic headed from the south would have to use I-980 to I-580 west to I-80 west to get across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to reach San Francisco. This ended when I-880 reopened on a new alignment in 1997 (1998 to and from I-80 east).

Route description
Although I-980 physically goes north and south, it is signed as an east–west route like SR 24. Immediately after traffic leaves I-880 on elevated connector ramps, I-980 then descends below grade to pass under downtown city streets. The freeway then ascends above grade to pass over SR 123 (San Pablo Avenue) and 27th Street before reaching I-580 and SR 24.

The freeway itself lacks overhead guide signs mentioning I-980. Immediately after exit 1B (SR 123/17th Street) going eastbound on I-980 is a guide sign mentioning the junction with I-580. Likewise, the guide signs on westbound I-980 at exit 1D (18th Street) list I-880 and San Jose as a control city. Since 2018, Jackson Street and I-880 south have been signed as exits 1B and 1A in the westbound direction.

I-980 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

History
I-980 was added to the state highway system in 1947 as part of Legislative Route 226 (LRN 226) and to the California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959. This segment of LRN 226 became part of SR 24 in the 1964 state highway renumbering. The FHWA approved the addition of the roadway to the Interstate Highway System in January 1976, with Interstate funding only used west of SR 123, and the number was legislatively changed to I-980 in 1981.

Construction on I-980 began in the 1960s but was not completed until 1985; officially the freeway was designated as I-980 from its opening. The surface roads which existed prior to the completion of the freeway had been designated as SR 24. The highway was intended to serve the Southern Crossing and a regional shopping mall in Oakland, neither of which were ever built.

Future
The San Francisco Chronicle reported in November 2015 about a grassroots organization of local architects and planners, supported by Oakland mayor Libby Schaaf, that propose to replace I-980 with a landscaped city boulevard. ConnectOakland is coordinating the push for a replacement. Arguments for replacement focus on the freeway's low volume of traffic and negative impact on surrounding neighborhoods. In January 2017, I-980 was included in Congress for the New Urbanism "Freeways without Futures" report.

Caltrans and the city of Oakland received a $680,000 Reconnecting Communities planning grant, funded by the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, to study rebuilding or removing I-980. BART may use the corridor as an approach for a second Transbay Tube.

title: Interstate 980


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Heron (dinghy)

The Heron Dinghy is a dinghy designed by Jack Holt of the United Kingdom as the Yachting World Cartopper (YW Cartopper). The Heron dinghy was designed to be built by a home handyman out of marine ply over a timber frame, but can now also be constructed from marine ply using a stitch and glue technique or from Fibreglass. Modern dinghies will usually have built in buoyancy tanks, older craft will have bags or retrofitted tanks.

Since about 1980 boats have been increasingly made of Fibreglass, although the Australian association has approved stitch and glue construction.

The Heron is sailed in the UK and Australia and New Zealand, with a few others spread around the world. UK class rules vary slightly from the Australian Rules. In the UK a spinnaker is permitted and a larger genoa can be used. The UK also permits the use of different rudder shapes and a Bermudan Mast. Other more minor differences exist between the rules. The Heron cartop dinghy was popular in Ireland from the late 1950s until the arrival of the Mirror which was lighter, easier to build, and had built in buoyancy.

They are mainly used as adult/child racing dinghies. For state and national titles the Olympic triangle course is often used.

The Heron has a Portsmouth Yardstick of 1346 when sailed single handed. In the US Sailing scheme it has a D-PN of 120.0.

Over 10,500 Heron sail numbers have been issued since the design first appeared in the late 1950s.

The first Heron, No 1 Flook still exists and is now owned by the National Maritime Museum Cornwall.

title: Heron (dinghy)


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Talk:Government Medical College, Kozhikode

The
The contents on this page is available at http://cmcnetwork.netfirms.com/profile.html and other mirror sites developed by Dr Vinod Scaria. The author owns the copyrights of the content posted.

Content moved to a section under Calicut Medical College and this page made a redirect. RedWolf 09:17, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * So does this sentence mean "We have a massive copyright violation here," or "I'm the copyright holder and I license this content under the GFDL"? WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:09, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Calicut Medical College Township
A very large area on the eastern side of Kozhikode city remains unnamed. People call it 'Medical College' and 'Kozhikode East'. The term 'Kozhikode East' looks more acceptable. Prof. Manna (talk) 00:43, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

Suggested move to Government Medical College, Kozhikode
I think that the article should be moved from Government Medical College (Kozhikode) to Government Medical College, Kozhikode. Currently the latter redirects to the former. An administrator would need to do it.  D ip ta ns hu Talk 04:27, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

✅ Thanks User:Doc James.  D ip ta ns hu Talk 10:07, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://web.archive.org/web/20031018235010/http://www.geocities.com/calicutstudents/profile.html, https://www.instituteofpalliativemedicine.org/. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 11:30, 25 August 2020 (UTC)


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User:Pianola

My name is Rex Lawson, and I am a classical musician who specializes in the history of the pianola. I am webmaster of www.pianola.org, which I try to expand and update as time allows. You can contact me at [rex@pianola.org].

title: User:Pianola


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Prophage

A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid within the bacterial cell. Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the characteristic step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages. Prophages remain latent in the genome through multiple cell divisions until activation by an external factor, such as UV light, leading to production of new phage particles that will lyse the cell and spread. As ubiquitous mobile genetic elements, prophages play important roles in bacterial genetics and evolution, such as in the acquisition of virulence factors.

Prophage induction
Upon detection of host cell damage by UV light or certain chemicals, the prophage is excised from the bacterial chromosome in a process called prophage induction. After induction, viral replication begins via the lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus commandeers the cell's reproductive machinery. The cell may fill with new viruses until it lyses or bursts, or it may release the new viruses one at a time in an exocytotic process. The period from infection to lysis is termed the latent period. A virus following a lytic cycle is called a virulent virus. Prophages are important agents of horizontal gene transfer, and are considered part of the mobilome. Genes are transferred via transduction as the prophage genome is imperfectly excised from the host chromosome and integrated into a new host (specialized transduction) or as fragments of host DNA are packaged into the phage particles and introduced into a new host (generalized transduction). All families of bacterial viruses that have circular (single-stranded or double-stranded) DNA genomes or replicate their genomes through rolling circle replication (e.g., Caudovirales) have temperate members.

Zygotic induction
Zygotic induction occurs when a bacterial cell carrying the DNA of a bacterial virus transfers its own DNA along with the viral DNA (prophage) into the new host cell. This has the effect of causing the host cell to break apart. The DNA of the bacterial cell is silenced before entry into the cell by a repressor protein which is encoded for by the prophage. Upon the transfer of the bacterial cell's DNA into the host cell, the repressor protein is no longer encoded for, and the bacterial cell's original DNA is then turned on in the host cell. This mechanism eventually will lead to the release of the virus as the host cell splits open and the viral DNA is able to spread. This new discovery provided key insights into bacterial conjugation and contributed to the early repression model of gene regulation, which provided an explanation as to how the lac operon and λ bacteriophage genes are negatively regulated.

Prophage reactivation
Bacteriophage λ is able to undergo a type of recombinational repair called prophage reactivation. Prophage reactivation can occur by recombination between a UV-damaged infecting phage λ chromosome and a homologous phage genome integrated into the bacterial DNA and existing in a prophage state. Prophage reactivation in the case of phage λ appears to be an accurate recombinational repair process that is mediated by the recA+ and red+ gene products.

Cost/benefit to the host
Lysis of host cells during prophage induction can cause the collapse of a microbial population. On the other hand, induction, transduction and superinfection exclusion mechanisms confer many beneficial functions to the host. Induction of prophages allows hosts to compete in the microbial ecology by infecting and lysing susceptible bacteria. Phages also enable the host to pick up and integrate antibiotic resistance genes from nearby cells. Additionally, phages can enable the host to acquire virulence and pathogenicity genes. Modulation of biofilm formation is also affected by infection by lysogenic phages. Superinfection exclusion, or protection against infection by multiple phages, can be conferred by prophage integration. Additionally, phage-mediated recombination mechanisms may remodel the host chromosome and provide new ways for cells to regulate metabolism and gene expression, such as those involved in sporulation and competence.

Applications
Prophages can tell researchers a lot about the relationship between a bacterium and a host. With data from more nonpathogenic bacteria, researchers will be able to gather evidence as to whether or not prophages contribute to the survival value of the host. Prophage genomics has the potential to lead to ecological adaptations of the relationships between bacteria. Another important area of interest is the control of prophage gene expression with many of the lysogenic conversion genes (gene conversion) being tightly regulated. This process is capable of converting non-pathogenic bacteria into pathogenic bacteria that can now produce harmful toxins such as in staph infections. Since the specific mechanisms of prophage are not yet detailed, this research could provide the community with this tool for future research.

Economic impact
Exotoxins encoded by prophages cause pathogenic outcomes in agriculture and aquaculture.

title: Prophage


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User talk:Pianola

Greetings, Pianola :) I hope you like the place and choose to stay.

Some links that may be of use:
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * How to edit a page
 * Village pump - ask questions you may have here, or leave a message on my talk page

Here's some stuff you can do, if you want:

Keep on playing..er I mean contributing ;) Dysprosia 12:59, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Signing in article space
Hello, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. I've noticed that you have been adding your signature to some of your edits to articles, such as the edit you made to Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments (Stravinsky). This is a common mistake to make and has probably already been corrected. Please do not sign your edits to article content, as the article's edit history serves the function of attributing contributions, so you only need to use your signature to make discussions more readable, such as on talk pages or project pages such as the Teahouse. If you would like further information about distinguishing types of pages, please see What is an article? Again, thank you for contributing, and enjoy your Wikipedia experience! Thank you. - Arjayay (talk) 11:07, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pianola


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STS-41-C

STS-41-C (formerly STS-13) was NASA's eleventh Space Shuttle mission, and the fifth mission of Space Shuttle Challenger. The launch, which took place on April 6, 1984, marked the first direct ascent trajectory for a Space Shuttle mission. During the mission, Challenger's crew captured and repaired the malfunctioning Solar Maximum Mission ("Solar Max") satellite, and deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) experimental apparatus. STS-41-C was extended one day due to problems capturing the Solar Max satellite, and the landing on April 13, 1984, took place at Edwards Air Force Base, instead of at Kennedy Space Center as had been planned. The flight was originally numbered STS-13.

Spacewalks

 * EVA 1
 * Personnel: Nelson and van Hoften
 * Date: April 8, 1984 (14:18–17:17 UTC)
 * Duration: 2 hours, 59 minutes

 * EVA 2
 * Personnel: Nelson and van Hoften
 * Date: April 11, 1984 (08:58–16:05 UTC)
 * Duration: 7 hours, 7 minutes

Mission summary

STS-41-C launched successfully at 8:58 a.m. EST on April 6, 1984. The mission marked the first direct ascent trajectory for the Space Shuttle; Challenger reached its 533 km - high orbit using its Orbiter Maneuvering System (OMS) engines only once, to circularize its orbit. During the ascent phase, the main computer in Mission control center (MCC) failed, as did the backup computer. For about an hour, the controllers had no data on the orbiter.

The flight had two primary objectives. The first was to deploy the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), a passive, retrievable, 12-sided experimental cylinder. The 9700 kg LDEF was 4.3 m in diameter and 9.1 m long, and carried 57 scientific experiments. The second objective of STS-41-C was to capture, repair and redeploy the malfunctioning Solar Maximum Mission satellite ("Solar Max"), which had been launched in 1980.

On the second day of the flight, the LDEF was grappled by the Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm) and successfully released into orbit. Its 57 experiments, mounted in 86 removable trays, were contributed by 200 researchers from eight countries. Retrieval of the passive LDEF was initially scheduled for 1985, but schedule delays and the Challenger disaster of 1986 postponed the retrieval until January 12, 1990, when Columbia retrieved the LDEF during STS-32.

On the third day of the mission, Challenger's orbit was raised to about 560 km, and it maneuvered to within 61 m of the stricken Solar Max satellite. Astronauts Nelson and van Hoften, wearing space suits, entered the payload bay. Nelson, using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), flew out to the satellite and attempted to grasp it with a special capture tool, called the Trunnion Pin Acquisition Device (TPAD). Three attempts to clamp the TPAD onto the satellite failed. Solar Max began tumbling on multiple axes when Nelson attempted to grab one of the satellite's solar arrays by hand, and the effort was called off. Crippen had to perform multiple maneuvers of the orbiter to keep up with Nelson and Solar Max, and nearly ran out of RCS fuel.

During the night of the third day, the Solar Max Payload Operations Control Center (POCC), located at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, was able to establish control over the satellite by sending commands ordering the satellite's magnetorquers to stabilize its tumbling. This was successful, and Solar Max went into a slow, regular spin. The next day, Crippen maneuvered Challenger back to Solar Max, and Hart was able to grapple the satellite with the RMS. They placed Solar Max on a special cradle in the payload bay using the RMS. Nelson and van Hoften then began the repair operation, replacing the satellite's attitude control mechanism and the main electronics system of the coronagraph instrument. The ultimately successful repair effort took two separate spacewalks. Solar Max was deployed back into orbit the next day. After a 30-day checkout by the Goddard POCC, the satellite resumed full operation.

Other STS-41-C mission activities included a student experiment located in a middeck locker which found that honeybees can successfully make honeycomb cells in a microgravity environment. Highlights of the mission, including the LDEF deployment and the Solar Max repair, were filmed using an IMAX movie camera, and the results appeared in the 1985 IMAX movie The Dream is Alive.

The 6 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes, and 7 seconds mission ended on April 13, 1984, at 5:38 a.m. PST, when Challenger landed safely on Runway 17, at Edwards Air Force Base, having completed 108 orbits. Challenger was returned to KSC on April 18, 1984.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

title: STS-41-C


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John Septimus Roe

John Septimus Roe (8 May 1797 – 28 May 1878) was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia. He was a renowned explorer, a member of Western Australia's legislative and executive councils for nearly 40 years, but also a participant in the Pinjarra massacre on 28 October 1834.

Early life
John Septimus Roe was born at Newbury, Berkshire on 8 May 1797. He was the seventh son of James Roe, the rector of Newbury. At 10 years of age, Roe was sent to Christ's Hospital School (which is still standing today) in London, to study for a career as a school teacher. There, he showed a great aptitude for mathematics, and was selected for training by the Mathematical School, which trained selected students for service in the Royal Navy. He was an outstanding student, and was apprenticed to the Navy at the age of 15.

Naval service
John Septimus Roe entered the Naval service on 11 June 1813. His first appointment was as a midshipman on HMS Rippon (1812), captained by Sir Christopher Cole. Over the next year, the Rippon was engaged in a blockade of the French coast. After the Napoleonic wars ended in 1814, the Rippon returned to England, and Roe was appointed as a midshipman to HMS Horatio (1807) under Captain William Henry Dillon on 17 August. One of their first assignments was to escort a valuable convoy to North America and to then patrol the waters off Newfoundland, protecting the fisheries, under then Governor and Commander-in Chief, Vice Admiral Richard Goodwin Keats. Roe travelled with Horatio until January 1817.

At the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, the prospects for a junior officer were limited. On the recommendation of his former captain, Dillon, his former Commander in chief, Richard Goodwin Keats recognising his aptitude for navigation and cartography provided a letter of recommendation to the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. On 4 February 1817, the Admiralty appointed him to the surveying service in New South Wales, under the command of Captain Phillip Parker King; Roe sailed for New South Wales on the troopship Dick, arriving on 3 September 1817.

New South Wales survey service
Roe's first survey journey as assistant to King was the King expedition of 1817, a rough survey of the northern and north-west coast of Australia. The party sailed from Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) on board the HMS Mermaid (1817) on 21 December 1817, sailing south then west along the south coast of Australia. While anchored at King George Sound in January 1818, Roe nearly drowned in the Kalgan River while trying to circumnavigate Oyster Harbour.

Later, Roe was permitted to name a bay on the northwest coast, which he named Nickol Bay in honour of a man who had been lost overboard. On the north coast, King named a point on the peninsula called Mount Roe in Roe's honour. The Mermaid eventually returned down the west coast and back along the south coast to Sydney, arriving on 29 July.

At the end of December 1818, the Mermaid sailed to Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) to survey the Derwent River and the eastern coast to Macquarie Harbour. It was a simple task, and they were back in Sydney by the middle of February 1819.

The King expedition two years later (1819) was expected to last eight or nine months. Their mission was to make a proper survey of the northern coast. After leaving Sydney on 8 May 1819, the Mermaid rounded Cape York and crossed the Gulf of Carpentaria. They then spent a substantial period exploring and surveying the coast and islands of Arnhem Land, before surveying Bathurst Island, then exploring and surveying Cambridge Gulf. They then continued their survey of the coast, past Cape Londonderry and westwards as far as the Bonaparte Archipelago. Again they crossed to Timor for provisions, then returned to Sydney.

Roe's following voyage the following year was again intended to survey along the north coast, but they ran into violent weather almost as soon as they left Sydney. Mermaid's bowsprit was lost, and she was forced to return to Sydney with three feet of water in the hold. After taking repairs, she left without incident, rounded Cape York and again headed west along the coast of Arnhem Land.

At Goulburn Island, Roe was ambushed by natives and narrowly escaped with his life. Continuing west, Mermaid developed such a bad leak that King decided to careen her at a bay that was consequently named Careening Bay. Upon completion of repairs, the Mermaid was still found to be leaking, so the decision was taken to return to Sydney along the west and south coasts. Two rivers were discovered in York Sound and traced, one of them being named Roe River in honour of Roe's father.

On return to Port Jackson, the Mermaid was found to be no longer seaworthy, and was replaced by the brig HMS Bathurst (1821). In the May 1821 King expedition, Roe sailed in the Bathurst. They sailed north up the coast, anchoring at Cairncross Island in bad weather on 30 June. When the sails were hauled in, the fore top-mast stay-sail halliards were accidentally let go, and Roe, who was at the masthead holding onto them, fell 50 ft onto the deck. He was knocked unconscious, but was not badly hurt; he recovered quickly, but in later years would attribute to this accident the loss of sight in his right eye.

Despite the accident, the expedition proceeded to the west coast, which was surveyed as far as Roebuck Bay. At the end of August, they sailed for Mauritius. After three weeks there, they headed south to King George Sound. They then sailed north up the west coast, surveying as they went, before returning to Port Jackson. During this voyage, Roe was promoted to lieutenant. Back in Sydney, Roe carried out a survey of Sydney Harbour. Despite the capsizing of his boat on 19 August 1822, with the loss of four lives, the survey was completed, to be published by the Admiralty in 1826. Shortly after completion of the survey, Roe returned to England on the Bathurst, arriving in June 1823.

Roe received his next commission on 2 February 1824. His instructions were to return to Australia on board the HMS Tamar (1814), which arrived in Sydney in July, and the following month was sent to help establish a settlement at Melville Island. The Fort Dundas settlement was officially established on 21 October, and shortly afterwards the Tamar sailed for Bombay, where she was refitted and reprovisioned. She then spent some time in surveying and naval duties between Ceylon, India and Rangoon.

Whilst on Tamar Roe served in the First Anglo-Burmese War. After a number of other excursions, Tamar returned to England, arriving late in November 1827.

Surveyor-General of Western Australia
Back in England, Roe spent some time recovering his health, which had been poor, and visiting his family. When the position of Surveyor-General of New South Wales became vacant, he expressed interest, but was informed it had already been filled. Shortly afterwards, however, he was offered the position of Surveyor-General of Western Australia, to be attached to an intended new settlement at the Swan River. Roe accepted on the condition that the position be a civilian appointment, as he was keen to leave the navy.

Having accepted the position, Roe had little time to set his affairs in order, as the official party would soon be leaving on the Parmelia. He then set about the purchase of equipment for his own requirements and for the surveying office. The Roes embarked upon the barque Parmelia on 3 February 1829.

Marriage and family
Roe proposed to Matilda Bennett and they married before leaving for Australia in February 1829. Matilda Roe's fondness for gardening is claimed to be the reason for the kink between St Georges Terrace and Adelaide Terrace, the main streets through Perth's central business district. Their home in Western Australia for many years was "Mandalay", Middle Swan, later the home of the art dealer and benefactor Claude Hotchin.

Roe and his wife had thirteen children. The fifth son, Frederick Mackie Roe, was second-in-command on Charles Cooke Hunt's 1866 expedition to Lake Lefroy in the Coolgardie region.

Establishing the Swan River Colony
The Parmelia arrived at the Swan River on 1 June 1829. Roe immediately set about making preliminary surveys of the harbour, river and surrounding land. The sites of Perth and Fremantle were chosen on his recommendation, and he was responsible for laying out the towns. During this period, Roe had only a single assistant to help him. Because of the immediate need to survey the harbour and lay out the towns, no rural blocks were surveyed until September. The unexpected arrival of three shiploads of settlers in August, all of whom expected to take up land immediately, put Roe's department under extreme pressure. By April the following year 36 ships had brought settlers to the colony, and Roe's department had a massive backlog of blocks to survey. Roe later said of this period: "I went there with the very first ship, with the first Governor, Captain Stirling. I had on my staff only one assistant surveyor, and what could be done with one assistant, with the whole of the townships to be fixed upon and surveyed, the country to be examined, the settlers located, the harbours to be surveyed, &c. &c.? It was perfectly impossible to do more than we did. Everything that could be done was done, but it was insufficient to place the people on their lands in time to prevent their sustaining very great losses."

Exploring Western Australia
John Septimus Roe conducted numerous exploring expeditions between 1829 and 1849:
 * In June 1829, he explored the Swan and Canning River
 * In January 1830, he explored the country around Leschenault, the Collie, Ferguson and Preston rivers, Cape Naturaliste and Geographe Bay
 * In November 1831, he explored the area around Doubtful Island Bay, the Kalgan River, Albany, Torbay, Wilsons Inlet, and Kojonup
 * In 1832 he explored around the Hotham and Williams rivers
 * In 1834, he explored to Pinjarra on the Murray River, then Bunbury, Kojonup, Albany and back to Perth; the Pinjarra Massacre – in which Roe was involved – occurred during this expedition
 * In 1835, he explored the area around Moorilup on the Kalgan River, then explored the Hay and Sleeman rivers
 * In October and November 1835, he was part of the Great Southern Expedition, which explored the country between Perth and Albany by two different routes, with a view to deciding on a route for a road between the two towns
 * In October and November the following year, he explored the land 180 mi east and 100 mi north from Perth
 * In December 1837 he discovered and surveyed Peel Harbour and Warnbro Sound
 * In January 1838 he explored the coast between the Swan River and Cape Naturaliste
 * In June 1838 he explored from the Swan River to Bunbury via the Murray, Harvey, Collie and Preston rivers, then returned along the base of the Roe and Darling ranges
 * In May 1839 he passed through unexplored country on an expedition to rescue from starvation three men who had been part of George Grey's disastrous expedition to Shark Bay
 * In December the same year, he travelled overland with Governor Hutt to Albany and back, using new routes
 * In June 1847, he explored the country around and north of Champion Bay
 * From September 1848, he conducted a five-month-long expedition "from Avon River to Stirling Range, and thence eastward to Russell Range and Capes Pasley and Arid on the south coast, and 60 to 100 mi inland, returning by different routes on this occasion and discovering coal on the Fitzgerald and Phillips rivers." Roe was seriously injured on this expedition, and undertook no more.

Later life
With the death of Matilda in 1871, Roe sought permission to retire. At 73 years of age, he had served the colony for more than 40 years.

Already blind in one eye, he became increasingly infirm over the next five years. He died on 28 May 1878, and was honoured by a public funeral and burial at East Perth Cemetery.

Legacy
Arguably the most significant legacy left by Roe was the setting aside of Kings Park. As early as December 1830, Roe responded to a request to cut timber below Mount Eliza with: "Mr. Mews to be informed that the neighbourhood of Mt. Eliza is reserved for public purposes".

Although it is widely accepted that Roe's successors Malcolm Fraser and John Forrest were most instrumental in the establishment of Kings Park, Roe was clearly responsible for the initial setting aside of the park.

Roe was the founding president of the Swan River Mechanics' Institute, holding the position until his death. Both the Western Australian Museum and the State Library of Western Australia emerged from the institute, Roe's large scientific collection forming the basis for the museum's collection. Jackson (1982) has argued that Roe can be regarded as the founder of both institutions.

During Roe's time in term in the Survey Office, he attempted to transcribe every journal of exploration in Western Australia. His Letterbook of Explorers' Journals survives to this day, as a result of which Western Australia has an exceptionally good record of its early explorations, nearly every significant journal being extant from 1827 until Roe's retirement in 1870.

In 1955 the State Library obtained on indefinite loan a large collection of log books, diaries and letters left by Roe. The collection constitutes one of the most important private collections ever to be lodged with the library.

John Septimus Roe was honoured in numerous place names:
 * Roebourne, first town in the north of Western Australia
 * Mount Roe, near Walpole
 * Roelands, a town near Bunbury
 * Roe Range, near Brunswick Junction
 * Roe Highway, a major highway in Perth
 * Roe's poison (Oxylobium spectabile Endl.), first collected by Roe at Emu Hill near Narembeen, Western Australia
 * Roe Street, Perth
 * The electoral district of Roe in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia
 * John Septimus Roe Anglican Community School in Mirrabooka
 * Caladenia roei, a species of orchid cited in Bentham's Flora Australiensis
 * Haliotis roei, Roe's abalone, a species of abalone from the southern Australian coast, from Western Australia to Victoria

title: John Septimus Roe


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Unlisted number

In telephony, an unlisted number (United States, New Zealand), ex-directory number (United Kingdom) silent number, silent line (Australia ), or private number (New Zealand, and Canada) is a telephone number that, for a fee, is intentionally not listed in telephone books. Although an unpublished number is not included in the phone book, an unlisted number may be available from the phone company's information operator. When used for residential households, they're primarily for privacy concerns.

Another form of anonymity is being listed with just a first initial, for those with a relatively common family name; sometimes these listings also lack an address. No fee is charged for initially being so-listed.

Unlisted numbers as a paid service
NYNEX was charging $1.95 per month in 1994; in 1976 the same service was 93 cents monthly. In 1971 The New York Times wrote that some users of this service needed it to hide from bill collectors. Silent numbers are often plant test numbers that link to specific tests or control apparatus for network maintenance staff such as ringback and automatic number announcement circuit and are generally not for public use.

In Norway,(and some other countries), the directory services in the 1970s distinguished between secret number, unlisted number and listed number with a hidden address. The first type secret number was typically used by celebrities (in this case the address was hidden as well). The second type unlisted number was not listed in the (paper based) phone book, but was listed on the directory service (a voice call to 018 in the 1970s). Listed number with a hidden address is useful for women's shelter etc., where the number needs to be listed, but where the address is to be hidden from the general public. Naturally, there are many changes when directory services became available on the Internet, but this case shows that separate user groups may have different needs to hide various parameters relating to privacy.

These unlisted numbers are made known to call recipients who have caller ID, and are captured and recorded when used to call toll-free numbers.

title: Unlisted number


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Plaid (band)

Plaid are an English electronic music duo composed of Andy Turner and Ed Handley. They were founding members of The Black Dog and used many other names, such as Atypic (Andy Turner) and Balil (Ed Handley), before settling on Plaid. They have collaborated with female singers Mara Carlyle, Nicolette and Björk, and have released records on the labels Clear, Peacefrog, Black Dog Productions, and Warp (along with Trent Reznor's label Nothing Records).

Aside from their own material, Plaid have done extensive remix work for many other artists, including Red Snapper, Björk, Goldfrapp, and The Irresistible Force. Parts in the Post (2003) and Stem Sell (2021) contains a lot of Plaid's remix work to date.

Plaid collaborated with video artist Bob Jaroc for their live performances and on the 5.1 audio/visual project entitled Greedy Baby. The project was completed on 20 July 2005, and was first shown at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in the South Bank Centre, and subsequently at the BFI Imax cinema in Waterloo, London. Greedy Baby was released on DVD from Warp on 26 June 2006.

In 2006, Plaid composed and performed the original score to Michael Arias' anime film Tekkonkinkreet, and then went on to rejoin Arias for his second feature, Heaven's Door, as well as two of his subsequent short films.

In 2009, they contributed a cover of a Plone song to the Warp20 (Recreated) compilation.

Plaid's music has been used in the LittleBigPlanet series. In 2014, they helped produce some of the soundtrack for LittleBigPlanet 3.

Musical style
Plaid's style crosses a number of genres - electronica, dance, ambient, experimental - and is sometimes to referred to by some critics as "post-techno." They are known to employ a variety of time-signatures in their music and often create syncopated beats and melodies using a variety of real instruments and samples.

Albums

 * Mbuki Mvuki (1991)
 * Not for Threes (1997)
 * Rest Proof Clockwork (1999)
 * Double Figure (2001)
 * Spokes (2003)
 * Greedy Baby (2006; CD/DVD with Bob Jaroc)
 * Scintilli (2011) – UK chart peak: #167
 * Reachy Prints (2014) - UK chart peak: #95
 * The Digging Remedy (2016)
 * Polymer (2019)
 * Feorm Falorx (2022)

EPs

 * Scoobs in Columbia (1992)
 * Android (1995)
 * Undoneson (1997)
 * Peel Session (1999)
 * Booc (2000)
 * P-Brane (2002)
 * On Other Hands (2016)
 * Peel Session 2 TX 08/05/99 (2019)

Soundtrack albums

 * Tekkonkinkreet Original Soundtrack (2006; Soundtrack for Michael Arias' anime Tekkonkinkreet)
 * Heaven's Door (2008; Soundtrack for Michael Arias' movie Heaven's Door)

Compilations

 * Bytes (1993; A Black Dog Productions album that includes two Plaid songs, Object Orient and Yamemm)
 * Trainer (2000; a collection of early material, including all of the Mbuki Mvuki album)
 * Plaid Remixes – Parts in the Post (2003; remix collection)
 * Dial P (2003; mix album inserted in deliveries of pre-ordered copies of Spokes)
 * Tekkonkinkreet Remix Tekkinkonkreet (2007; remixes of the songs from Tekkonkinkreet by Derrick May, Prefuse 73, Atom, Vex'd and others)
 * Induction (2011; an exclusive to Warp, download-only compilation, chosen by Plaid ahead of the new album Scintilli)
 * Stem Sell (2021; remix collection)

Audiovisual project

 * Greedy Baby (2005)

title: Plaid (band)