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Winkie Country

The Winkie Country is the western region of the fictional Land of Oz in L. Frank Baum's classic series of Oz books, first introduced in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). The Winkie Country is in the West, noted by later being ruled by the Wicked Witch of the West.

This quadrant is strictly distinguished by the color yellow. This color is worn by most of the native inhabitants called the Winkies and predominates in the local surroundings. The Winkies are relatively normal in appearance with the exception of their yellow-tinted skin. Tin abounds there and it is said that the Winkies are some of the most skillful tinsmiths in the world. This was the country once ruled by the malevolent Wicked Witch of the West before Dorothy Gale "melted" her with a bucket of water, as narrated in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. After that, the Winkies asked the Tin Woodman to be their new monarch ruler which he gladly accepted. He now lives in a vast palace made of tin that his loyal subjects built in his honor as a present for their new king.

Etymology
Michael Patrick Hearn suggests the name Winkie means "a little bit of light," referring to the country "where the sun sets."

The Classic Oz books
The publishing company Reilly & Britton (later Reilly & Lee) published, in the form of end-papers to the first edition of Tik-Tok of Oz (1914), the only authenticated map (reproduced here) that shows the Land of Oz in its entirety. For some undiscovered reason this map flip-flops the directions of east and west. The West and East subsection of the Wikipedia article on the Land of Oz discusses this error and the resulting contradictions. The revised version of the map published by the International Wizard of Oz Club corrects the directions and reverses the map. The map represents the entire area between the Winkie Country and the southern border of Oz as belonging to Quadling Country. The west country of Oz is bordered at the northeast by the Gillikin Country and to the south by the Quadling Country.

To the East lies the Emerald City and to the far east (beyond the Munchkin Country) as well as to the west, north and south (beyond the Quadling Country) of Winkie Country lies the Deadly Desert (which completely surrounds the Land of Oz). The Winkie Country is separated by the Deadly Desert from the underground Dominions of the Nome King. The Kingdom of Oogaboo, where items of value grow on trees, is separated from the Winkie Country by a mountain range. (Tik-Tok of Oz)

The Black Forest is in the southern part of the Winkie Country. Gloma, the good witch, rules there (The Wishing Horse of Oz).

In some of the Oz books by Ruth Plumly Thompson, the geography is inverted, with the Winkie Country in the Eastern part of Oz and the Munchkin Country in the West.

Political organization
The Winkie Country's many cities and kingdoms each have their own ruler, who in turn are subjects of the Tin Woodman, Nick Chopper, who himself acknowledges Ozma as supreme ruler of Oz.

Locations and inhabitants
Like all the countries of Oz, the Winkie Country contains various unusual sights, creatures, and places. Among them are:

 * Wicked Witch of the West's Castle – This was where the Wicked Witch of the West ruled over the Winkies until she was melted by Dorothy.
 * Tin Palace – A palace that is made out of tin. The Tin Woodman moved from the Wicked Witch of the West's castle because it was too damp.
 * Jack Pumpkinhead's House – Jack Pumpkinhead lives in a giant hollowed-out pumpkin near the Tin Woodman's palace in Winkie Country.
 * Scarecrow's Mansion – Jack designed a five story, jewel-encrusted mansion for the Scarecrow, shaped like an ear of corn.
 * Bear Center – A forest where the stuffed bears live. They are ruled by the Lavender Bear and are guided by the mechanical Little Pink Bear.
 * Bewilderness - A wild place where the rocks, shrubs, and trees change places making it difficult for anyone to travel through. It was seen in The Gnome King of Oz.
 * Corabia - A kingdom along the northern edge of Winkie Country that is bordered by the Deadly Desert. Unlike Samandra, Corabia is a fertile land. The Sultan of Samandra once turned its inhabitants into fish until it was undone by Speedy and his friends.
 * Corumbia - A kingdom along the northern edge of Winkie Country that is bordered by the Deadly Desert and is east of Samandra. The Sultan of Samandra once turned its inhabitants into plants and trees until it was undone by Speedy and his friends.
 * Great Orchard – This lies between the Cities of Thi and Herku.
 * Herku – A city ruled by Vig that has a strange master/slave society. It is square with gates of burnished copper in each of the four walls of the city. The residents of Herku use a small dose of Zosozo (a specially-compounded substance that is made of pure energy) that makes the residents skeletally thin and immensely strong enough to keep a breed of giants as their slaves.
 * Marsh Land – A swampy location that is one muddy area. It is the home of the Sticks-in-the-Muds, a tribe of mud-covered people on stilts. Travelers are often told to evade Marsh Land.
 * Merry-Go-Mountains – A bunch of mountains that whirl swiftly and are made of rubber.
 * Monday Mountain - A steep mountain in Winkie Country which seems to be really a hill. Its inhabitants are an all-female race called the Tubbies who spend their days washing and cleaning while awaiting a man to come and marry their ruler Pearl Borax. Monday Mountain is surrounded by a rotating fence that would only stop if someone says "stop."
 * Oogaboo – Oogaboo is located in the far northwestern corner of Winkie Country, within a mountain range that separates it from the rest of Winkie Country. It is ruled by Queen Ann Soforth, daughter and successor to King Jol Jemkiph Soforth, who abdicated. Oogaboo is one of the smallest and poorest kingdoms in the Land of Oz, despite the cultivation of trees which produce many items of value.
 * Patch – A patchy-little kingdom south of Oogaboo. It is inhabited by the Quilties whose main occupation is the manufacture of patchwork quilts (The Gnome King of Oz).
 * Perhaps City – A city that is on Maybe Mountain. It was seen in Grampa in Oz.
 * Play - A fenced-off area in Winkie Country. Its people are called the Pierrettes and Pierots where they are ruled by King Capers and have a rough and tumble personality.
 * Remote Tableland – A small community that is in the far southwestern corner of Winkie Country. It is home to the Yips who resemble the Hyups from Mount Munch in having no regular contact with the citizens of Oz below their plateau (as seen in The Lost Princess of Oz).
 * Samandra - A dry desert-like kingdom that is at the far-northern edge of the Deadly Desert where slavery is practiced. Samandra is ruled by the Sultan of Samandra.
 * Suds - A kingdom that is composed of soap and other bath-associated things.. It is ruled by Sultan Shampoozle and the inhabitants who are as big as a child don't like outsiders.
 * Thi – A city that is a relatively unexplored part of Oz. It is surrounded by shifting fields that send a traveler in the opposite direction. The inhabitants of the city of Thi are called Thists. They have diamond-shaped heads and heart-shaped bodies. Their stomachs and throats are lined with gold allowing them to eat the thistles that grow around their city. They use mechanical dragons to pull their chariots.
 * The Tottenhots – A race of small sprite-like people who sleep during the day and play at night that live in Winkie Country..
 * Truth Pond – A pond that is located near the Deadly Desert. Anyone can bathe in and be freed of an enchantment, but must always afterward tell the truth.
 * Tune Town - A kingdom surrounded by a wall that is ruled by Queen Jazzma. The wall contains a piano for a gate that must play to find the right chord to enter Tune Town. Normal talking and walking is not allowed except during intermission. To leave Tune Town, one must sing out of tune.
 * Wackajammy – The breadbasket of the West. It was seen in Yankee in Oz.
 * Wish Ways - A dusty road in different parts of Winkie Country where its dust can grant any wishes.

In film
The most famous depiction of the Winkies is in the 1939 musical film where they appear as the regimental army of the Wicked Witch of the West, marching in formation and chanting repeatedly. In the film, the Winkies bear little or no resemblance to their literary counterparts, dressing in blue uniforms based loosely on the uniforms of the Russian streltsy of some three and a half centuries earlier, and having green skin and pointed noses much like the Wicked Witch herself, and they are never referred to as Winkies in the film. The Winkie Country is only shown at night in the film, with the main colors being blue, black and gray. The scenery is very bleak and barren, with many mountains and rock formations.

In other works
In Gregory Maguire's revisionist Oz novels Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West and Son of a Witch, this area is called the Vinkus, and it is revealed that "Winkie" is considered a derogatory term. The treatment of the people of the Vinkus by the Wizard closely parallels that of Native Americans by the United States government. The Vinkus is the largest of the four provinces, extending totally from south to north and standing on western Oz. This region is also almost completely isolated from the rest of the country, as it is bordered by deserts at north, west and south, and obstructed to the east by the Great and Lesser Kells mountain ranges, with the only way in Kumbricia's Pass. The Vinkus is the least populated and least fertile land of Maguire's Oz as well, being portrayed as a semi-desolated place with vast extenses of grasslands, mountains and deserts, with its largest lake, Kellswater, described as toxic and lifeless. The Vinkus River runs up to Kiamo Ko, home of the Tigelaar Family, leaders of the Arkiji Tribe and the only permanent settlement in the region. There are other places mentioned as well, such as Nether How, a group of diminute lakes, Applepress Farm, an abandoned warehouse formerly used by the maunts of Gillikin, The Thursk Desert, The Sour Sands, The Thousand Year Grasslands, a hunting place, Ugabu, disputed land in northern Vinkus and Kvon Altar, a strange place that is used as a sacred sanctuary by a dark occultist religión that is said to worship death. It is rumored that there are many underground water springs in the Vinkus.

It is inhabited by several semi-nomadic tribes, including the Scrow, the Yunamata, and the Arjiki. Metallica sampled the chants of the Winkie guards outside the Wicked Witch's castle from The Wizard of Oz film on the intro to the track "The Frayed Ends of Sanity" on their 1988 album ...And Justice for All. The chants were also heard in the Experience Unlimited song "Da Butt".

In the 1995 television special The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True which is based on the 1939 film, the Winkies appear without being dressed similar to Russian guards and holding pikes, but perform their chant until Dorothy melts the Wicked Witch (Debra Winger).

In West End's version of The Wizard of Oz musical, the marching music introduction and chant are both heard in the musical's first song, "Nobody Understands Me". It is performed by the Kansas farm workers Zeke, Hickory, and Hunk.

title: Winkie Country


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Internationalist Communist Union

The Internationalist Communist Union (French: Union Communiste Internationaliste) is an international grouping of Trotskyist political parties, centred on Lutte Ouvrière in France.

It believes that the socialist transformation of society can be accomplished only by the working class, consciously fighting in its own class interests, and therefore that the task of revolutionary groups is to construct a working class revolutionary party. The ICU believes that the only possible programmatic basis for revolutionaries rests on Marxist ideas in the tradition of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its Bolshevik leaders Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. The ICU focus their activities, whether propaganda or intervention, within the working class.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Internationalist Communist Union


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Yeosu

Yeosu, formerly romanized as Yosu, is the second largest city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. In 1998, the Old Yeosu City, Yeocheon City and Yeocheon County were merged and the current city, Yeosu, was formed.

Characteristics
The city of Yeosu consists of the Yeosu peninsula as well as 365 islands (48 inhabited, 317 uninhabited). Being midway along the southern coast of South Korea, it is flanked by Namhae County in South Gyeongsang Province to the east with a natural waterway, and the Bay of Suncheon to the west and northwest, the city of Suncheon sprawling along its banks. On 1 April 1998, the cities of Yeosu and Yeocheon, along with Yeocheon County merged to form the unified city of Yeosu.

It has a number of islands in its jurisdiction, including the uninhabited Janggundo, Dolsando, and the park island Jangdo.

History
Wonchon-hyeon/Dolsan-hyeon was the name given to Yeosu in the 16th year of King Seong (538 AD) who was the king of Baekje Kingdom. The name changed to Haeub-hyeon/Yeosan-hyeon in 757 and to Yeosu-hyeon/Dolsan-hyeon in 940. Beginning in 1479, the Joseon Dynasty's Naval Headquarters for eastern sector of Jeolla Province was located there. As such, it was the first base where Admiral Yi Sun-sin's fleet was based during the Imjin War which used the Turtle Ship or 'Kobukseon' which was built in Seon-so.

In 1897, Yeosu was renamed Yeosu-myeon and included in the new county of Yeosu-gun. It was renamed Reisui during the Japanese rule over the Korean peninsula. In 1914, Yeosu-gun merged with Dolsan-gun, further increasing its territory. Yeosu-myeon continued to grow and in 1931, Yeosu-myeon became Yeosu-eup. In 1949, Yeosu became a city. In 1998, Yeosu city merged with Yeochon city and Yeochon-gun, creating the unified city of Yeosu.

Yeosu-si, Yeocheon-si, and Yeocheon-gun were merged into Yeosu-si on April 1, 1998. The former Yeocheon City Hall was divided into two buildings and the former Yeocheon County Office into three buildings.

Yeosu Rebellion
In October 1948, the town of Yeosu was taken by South Korean soldiers who refused to take part in the suppression of the ongoing Jeju Uprising.

Recent history
On December 25, 1920, Yeosu Station started to operate as a railway that connects Yeosu and Gwangju. On October 1, 2011, however, the station was relocated to Deokchung-dong and renamed Yeosu Expo station, as the venue served for Yeosu World Expo in 2012.

In the 142nd General Assembly of BIE, held in Paris on 26 November 2007, the global community selected Yeosu as the host city for the 2012 World Expo. This was Korea's second World Expo, following Daejeon's 1993 Fair.

Festivals
Hyangiram Sunrise Festival (여수향일암일출제) is an annual festival that begins on New Year’s Eve. It takes place at Hyangiram Hermitage, a historical building that was built in 644. The word “Hyangiram” itself refers to “a hermitage facing the sun”, in which visitors could view the breathtaking panorama of sunrise over the horizon. The festival consists of other activities and cultural events such as fireworks, folk street music, and lighting of wishes.

Attractions

 * Hyangiram Hermitage is a Buddhist temple that was first built by the monk Wonhyo in 644.
 * The Yeosu Maritime Cable Car is an aerial tramway that goes between the island Dolsando and the mainland.
 * Yeongchwisan is a culturally important mountain in the city. There are two Buddhist Temples on the mountain: Geumseongdae and Dosolam Hermitage, where ritual ceremonies and prayers were held during ancient days. Also known for its azalea flower blossoms, an azalea festival is held annually on the mountain in April during spring.
 * In the harbour there is a full-size model of one of Admiral Yi's turtle ships, which are timber shelled vessels that were used with great success against the Japanese navy.
 * Manseongri Beach near Yeosu has volcanic 'black' sand and is popular with Korean tourists. Recently, the famous Korean band Busker Busker made a song based on Manseongri Beach's night view. This popularised the site with Korean tourists. There are public showers and restrooms as well as on-duty lifeguards. Many restaurants located along the beach have beach-side tables and serve various seafood dishes. It is possible to take ferries to many of the local islands for an authentic taste of rural Korean food.
 * Dolsan Bridge has changing lights at night. It is a 450 m bridge connecting downtown Yeosu with Dolsan Island.
 * A number of parks exist in the city, including Yi Sun-sin Park, Dolsan Park, and Geobukseon Park.
 * The island Odongdo has many camellia flowers. There are 70 species of wild flowers there. A small population of local finless porpoises are present here.
 * Big-O show is a famous show in Yeosu which features an ocean fountain event and a hologram show. The show consists of three parts. The fountain spouts in accordance with classic and jazz music. Unique to this fountain is a large round steel frame at its centre.
 * The Ocean Resort is home to Yeosu's only waterpark. It offers condominium-style rooms and other facilities. Located in Soho-dong, the resort overlooks the yacht marina.
 * Hanhwa Aqua Planet is a large aquarium.
 * Ungcheon Beach Park allows both swimming and camping for much of the year.
 * Yeosu Hamel Museum: In 1668, Hamel published an article about his special experiences in Korea titled "Hamel's Journal and a Description of the Kingdom of Korea 1653-1666." This is the first article to introduce Korea to Europeans. A copy of the diary is now on display in the museum.

Local specialities
Gejang, or marinated raw crab is a representative speciality of Yeosu and a traditional Jeolla cuisine dish.

Yeosu is known for its Gat-kimchi, which is made from mustard greens, that was developed in the Yeosu town Dolsan.

Population
Yeosu has a population of 282,946 as of May 2019.

Climate
Yeosu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with very warm summers and cold winters. Rainfall is much heavier in the summer, with June to August recording over 200 mm of rainfall per month. The highest temperature ever recorded is 37.1 C on 20 July 1994 while the lowest temperature ever recorded is -12.6 C on 16 February 1977.

Sister cities

 * Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
 * 🇯🇵 Karatsu, Saga, Japan
 * 🇲🇾 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
 * 🇺🇸 Sikeston, Missouri, United States
 * 🇷🇺 Vanino, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
 * Weihai, Shandong, China
 * 🇹🇹 Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
 * 🇲🇽 Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
 * Lishui, Zhejiang, China
 * 🇵🇭 Cebu City, Philippines
 * 🇧🇿 Belize City, Belize
 * 🇺🇸 Seward, Alaska, United States of America

Notable people

 * Maangchi, Korean-American YouTuber and author
 * Dohee, singer, dancer, actress and K-pop idol, former member of K-pop girlgroup Tiny-G
 * Earl Lee, Korean-Canadian conductor and cellist

title: Yeosu


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List of Sega Genesis games

The Sega Genesis, known as the Mega Drive (メガドライブ) in regions outside of North America, is a 16-bit video game console that was designed and produced by Sega. First released in Japan on October 29, 1988, in North America on August 14, 1989 and in PAL regions in 1990, the Genesis is Sega's third console and the successor to the Master System. The system supports a library of games created both by Sega and a wide array of third-party publishers and delivered on ROM cartridges. It can also play Master System games when the separately sold Power Base Converter is installed. The Sega Genesis also sported numerous peripherals, including the Sega CD and 32X, several network services, and multiple first-party and third-party variations of the console that focused on extending its functionality. The console and its games continue to be popular among fans, collectors, video game music fans, and emulation enthusiasts. Licensed third party re-releases of the console are still being produced, and several indie game developers continue to produce games for it. Many games have also been re-released in compilations for newer consoles and offered for download on various digital distribution services, such as Virtual Console, Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, and Steam.

The Genesis library was initially modest, but eventually grew to contain games to appeal to all types of players. The initial pack-in title was Altered Beast, which was later replaced with Sonic the Hedgehog. Top sellers included Sonic the Hedgehog, its sequel Sonic the Hedgehog 2, and Disney's Aladdin. During development for the console, Sega Enterprises in Japan focused on developing action games while Sega of America was tasked with developing sports games. A large part of the appeal of the Genesis library during the console's lifetime was the arcade-based experience of its games, as well as more difficult entries such as Ecco the Dolphin and sports games such as Joe Montana Football. Compared to its competition, Sega advertised to an older audience by hosting more mature games, including the uncensored version of Mortal Kombat.

This is an alphabetical list of released games for the Sega Genesis. Titles listed do not include releases for the Sega CD and 32X add-ons. Included in this list are titles not licensed by Sega, including releases in Taiwan by several developers such as Gamtec, as well as releases by Accolade before being licensed following the events of Sega v. Accolade. This list also includes titles developed by unlicensed third-party developers after the discontinuation of the Genesis, such as Pier Solar and the Great Architects.

A few games were only released exclusively on the Sega Channel subscription service, which was active from 1994 to 1998, in the US. This means that, whilst cartridges were officially released for use on PAL and Japanese consoles, they were unavailable physically in the US. While few games were released this way, some of them are considered to be staples in the Genesis library, such as Pulseman and Mega Man: The Wily Wars.

Licensed games
A total of  licensed game titles are known to have been released for the console:

Sega Meganet titles
Sega Meganet, also known as the Net Work System, was an online service for the Mega Drive in Japan. Utilizing dial-up Internet access, Meganet was Sega's first online multiplayer gaming service, and functioned on a pay to play basis. The system functioned through the use of a peripheral called the Mega Modem and offered several unique titles that could be downloaded, and a few could be played competitively with friends. In addition, it shared technology and equipment with more serious services such as the Mega Anser, used for banking purposes. Though the system was announced for North America under the rebranded name "Tele-Genesis", it was never released for that region.

The Meganet service utilized its own library of titles, independent of the Mega Drive library. Most of these games never received a cartridge release; however, Columns, Flicky, Fatal Labyrinth, and Teddy Boy Blues each later saw cartridge versions. Several Meganet games would also later appear in the Game no Kanzume series, released for the Mega-CD exclusively in Japan. Most games for the service were small, at around 128kB per game, due to the limits of Internet connection speeds at the time. Downloads were estimated to take about five to eight minutes to complete. All of the Meganet games were available through the Sega Game Library, accessed through the Meganet modem. Due to issues with long-distance charges through the use of telephone lines, as well as seconds of lag time between commands, only two games featured competitive play: Tel-Tel Stadium and Tel-Tel Mahjong, with the remainder of the games available for single players via download. Due to Sega's reluctance to commit to releasing the service in North America, third-party developers in that region were unwilling to invest in developing games specifically for Meganet. This resulted in a low number of titles created for the service.

The following list contains all of the titles released for the Meganet service. All titles in this list were released in Japan only.

There were games on the Meganet.

" * " determines games that also had a physical release

title: List of Sega Genesis games


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Hypothetico-deductive model

The hypothetico-deductive model or method is a proposed description of the scientific method. According to it, scientific inquiry proceeds by formulating a hypothesis in a form that can be falsifiable, using a test on observable data where the outcome is not yet known. A test outcome that could have and does run contrary to predictions of the hypothesis is taken as a falsification of the hypothesis. A test outcome that could have, but does not run contrary to the hypothesis corroborates the theory. It is then proposed to compare the explanatory value of competing hypotheses by testing how stringently they are corroborated by their predictions.

Example
One example of an algorithmic statement of the hypothetico-deductive method is as follows:

 * 1. Use your experience: Consider the problem and try to make sense of it. Gather data and look for previous explanations. If this is a new problem to you, then move to step 2.
 * 2. Form a conjecture (hypothesis): When nothing else is yet known, try to state an explanation, to someone else, or to your notebook.
 * 3. Deduce predictions from the hypothesis: if you assume 2 is true, what consequences follow?
 * 4. Test (or experiment): Look for evidence (observations) that conflict with these predictions in order to disprove 2. It is a fallacy or error in one's reasoning to seek  3 directly as proof of 2. This formal fallacy is called affirming the consequent.

One possible sequence in this model would be 1, 2, 3, 4. If the outcome of 4 holds, and 3 is not yet disproven, you may continue with 3, 4, 1, and so forth; but if the outcome of 4 shows 3 to be false, you will have to go back to 2 and try to invent a new 2, deduce a new 3, look for 4, and so forth.

Note that this method can never absolutely verify (prove the truth of) 2. It can only falsify 2. (This is what Einstein meant when he said, "No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong." )

Discussion
Additionally, as pointed out by Carl Hempel (1905–1997), this simple view of the scientific method is incomplete; a conjecture can also incorporate probabilities, e.g., the drug is effective about 70% of the time. Tests, in this case, must be repeated to substantiate the conjecture (in particular, the probabilities). In this and other cases, we can quantify a probability for our confidence in the conjecture itself and then apply a Bayesian analysis, with each experimental result shifting the probability either up or down. Bayes' theorem shows that the probability will never reach exactly 0 or 100% (no absolute certainty in either direction), but it can still get very close to either extreme. See also confirmation holism.

Qualification of corroborating evidence is sometimes raised as philosophically problematic. The raven paradox is a famous example. The hypothesis that 'all ravens are black' would appear to be corroborated by observations of only black ravens. However, 'all ravens are black' is logically equivalent to 'all non-black things are non-ravens' (this is the contrapositive form of the original implication). 'This is a green tree' is an observation of a non-black thing that is a non-raven and therefore corroborates 'all non-black things are non-ravens'. It appears to follow that the observation 'this is a green tree' is corroborating evidence for the hypothesis 'all ravens are black'. Attempted resolutions may distinguish:
 * non-falsifying observations as to strong, moderate, or weak corroborations
 * investigations that do or do not provide a potentially falsifying test of the hypothesis.

Evidence contrary to a hypothesis is itself philosophically problematic. Such evidence is called a falsification of the hypothesis. However, under the theory of confirmation holism it is always possible to save a given hypothesis from falsification. This is so because any falsifying observation is embedded in a theoretical background, which can be modified in order to save the hypothesis. Karl Popper acknowledged this but maintained that a critical approach respecting methodological rules that avoided such immunizing stratagems is conducive to the progress of science.

Physicist Sean Carroll claims the model ignores underdetermination.

Versus other research models
The hypothetico-deductive approach contrasts with other research models such as the inductive approach or grounded theory. In the data percolation methodology, the hypothetico-deductive approach is included in a paradigm of pragmatism by which four types of relations between the variables can exist: descriptive, of influence, longitudinal or causal. The variables are classified in two groups, structural and functional, a classification that drives the formulation of hypotheses and the statistical tests to be performed on the data so as to increase the efficiency of the research.

Types of inference

 * Strong inference
 * Abductive reasoning
 * Deductive reasoning
 * Inductive reasoning
 * Analogy

title: Hypothetico-deductive model


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User:Anthere/Débarras

Available per email and icq.

I should be and thank you. You should be as well! I've just realised I was editing here 24 hours ago and haven't slept since.

 * Sweet dreams.

 * Good morning (?) -- Cimon Avaro on a pogostick 09:54, Oct 26, 2003 (UTC)

 * Comment for you at User talk:Cimon avaro

I did wonder. Thanks for the note. 168... 21:43, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

oulalalalalala, ce rk m'a l'air sauvagement moins que peu fréquentable ;D Alvaro 04:43, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

What did I do this time? :-(

Props for NPOV'ing a certain user's page. Gave me a chuckle in light of the calamity. Ed Cormany 18:29, 10 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Anthere, what's going on the ecology page? The Talk page is the right place to put the French for translation, the page is a mess right now, you should translation bit by bit from the Talk page. Please look at my comments on Talk:Ecology. Thanks. --Lexor 07:54, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Thank you very much for your help! - Hephaestos 15:15, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Non, aucun probleme niveau feux. Tout c'est bein retabli. Merci. Christopher Mahan 23:22, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Merci pour votre message sur [à?] ma page à meatball...vous avez une problème tres grande avec "chattering"... Et je ne pense pas que ma médiation aiderai la situation, mais je continuerai. -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 04:39, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * OK, I've made a start -- I'll keep working over the next few days, if what I've done seems OK... BCorr ¤ Брайен

that would be great. I go see. We just had a Papotages attack :-(
 * Well, I did it with the help of my friend Google translation and some fixing -- please let me know what you think, ma amie! BCorr ¤ Брайен 00:28, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * P.S. J'ai pensé que vous aviez interdit Papotages...?

I left you some answers to your earlier questions about irc, &c. BCorr ¤ Брайен

Please don't feel too bad -- I believe that sometimes people force us to go against some of our principles in order to preserve something greater, or of more value, or that affects many other people. Life is largely about compromises, and we can only do what we can do. Also, you must be very tired now, no? A demain, BCorr ¤ Брайен 02:38, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I know I shouldn't get angry over it. I was being silly really. Thanks for checking out the copyright status of that article. Angela 14:28, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Pardon pour l'incrustation, words of sadness

Poor you! Why is he expecting you to deal with it all? Can't you just tell him to ask for someone else's assistance? He should probably ask Jimbo anyway -that's what other people have done when they wanted to be removed completely. Angela 20:39, 18 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Yes I often have that feeling! It might be better to e-mail him rather than say on his talk page. I expect he'd see that sooner. Angela 01:29, 19 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I was reading (or I should say trying to read -- my French is not that good) his comments and your responses -- Peut-être c'est quelque chose que tu pouves trouver l'aide à Village Pump? Also, is this user another victim of Chatterings? -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 05:17, 19 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Been doing too much of the anti-vandalism stuff, etc. It's been, like, my mission in life. :-) Time to step back from it... Evercat 03:03, 21 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I have no idea what you're talking about. I have never deleted anything out of your user space. RickK 03:40, 26 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Lots of people say "Don't delete this page", especially Michael. Why should any consideration be given to such things? If you have a particular reason why you don't want it deleted, you might: RickK 05:34, 26 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * 1) sign your request so that someone knows that a trusted user wants it save
 * 2) explain why you want it not deleted.

I apparently didn't make myself clear. You said:
 * I do not really appreciate the parallel you draw between I and Mickael

What I meant above, when I said "trusted user", was that, if I had known that it was you making the request, I would probably have given more concern as to whether or not to delete it. But you didn't put your name on it. I called you a trusted user, I was not trying to compare you to Michael. RickK 05:46, 26 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Ok, I misunderstood then. Apology.

Done Consumerium. Good idea to make a meta page since future of consumerium is very connected to future MediaWiki Juxo 18:25, 28 Nov 2003 (UTC)

--

 * it is selfpromotion [...] the guy died in 2001

Heh. Thanks for the laugh.

''Could perhaps your comments in the comment box reflect what you are really doing on a page ? ant '' Can you explain what this is in reference to? RickK 02:27, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi, Anth, thanks very much for your vote of support. BTW I noticed your response to Cimon. I wonder if you recognize that "I fart in your general direction" is a quote from a highly arch sketch of Monty Python's. See e.g. 168... 18:12, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I absolutely do not. I considered that sentence plain rudeness. I do not think non-english speakers should be expected to interpret rudeness as jokes. I will then reconsider things with another eye. I thank you for telling me 168 :-)

Little things *can* indeed start a war :-)

-

Insults that should not be insults
Hi, Anth, thanks very much for your vote of support. BTW I noticed your response to Cimon. I wonder if you recognize that "I fart in your general direction" is a quote from a highly arch sketch of Monty Python's. See e.g. 168... 18:12, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I absolutely do not. I considered that sentence plain rudeness. I do not think non-english speakers should be expected to interpret rudeness as jokes. I will then reconsider things with another eye. I thank you for telling me 168 :-)

Little things *can* indeed start a war :-) - "I do not think non-english speakers should be expected to interpret rudeness as jokes." Do you mean to suggest that speakers who do speak english should be expected to interpret rudeness as jokes? Since rudeness is bound to be interpreted as rudeness most of the time, by definition, you seem to be suggesting that in the english speaking world rudeness is AOK, which likewise seems contrary to the definition of the word. If the speakers of every other language but english knew what constitutes rudeness, while english speakers had no concept of it, then I could understand your point. But I assume you'd agree with me that, at least to some extent, each culture decides for itself what constitutes rudeness. That said, I'll let someone else from my culture decide whether to take that comment of yours as rudeness. I find it worthy of note, but actually didn't take offense. 168... 22:35, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I'm sorry to have made you feel obliged to write a long apology at my talk page. It's certainly accepted. In answer to your question "AOK" is a stronger version of one sense of "OK." The "A" adds a nuance sort of like the one you get by adding "just" to "fine" in "just fine", or which you get, in response to someone's query of whether something bothers you, answering "not a bit" instead of answering simply "no". As I used "AOK," I was trying suggest an attitude of blitheness in the person who would hold the view I was describing ("blithe" approx = nonchalant). I wouldn't use the word myself except ironically. To me it suggests a sort of cheery naivete or else a somewhat unnatural and self-conscious optimism. It's also just a word that some people use and not others, although I suspect more people used it in the past. (I associate it with cowboys, but I don't really know what it stands for or where it comes from. ("All OK"? From NASA jargon?) I'm fascinated by cultural differences too, as well as language, even if I really speak only one. 168... 23:19, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC) -

Cimon avaro's "fart" comment is actually a popular culture reference to a similar line in the movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail. I believe it was intended to be gentle and humorous, rather than offensive. I imagine someone might quote Asterix & Obelix in a similar fashion; without knowing the source, such a quote may appear to be quite rude. Cheers, Cyan 21:25, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * ok

Bonsoir, Anthère. I've been back, but rather under the weather -- quelque malaise comme la grippe, mais je ne sais exactement, et je n'avais travailler cette semaine. It was surprising to see that a French cookbook would even have a section on cuisine de Nouvelle Angleterre, parce que la cuisine de la région c'est le meme à vielle Angleterre -- trop "cooked" et sans saveur. And is carrot cake really from the States? -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 03:30, 4 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi Anthère. I appreciate your desire to maintain authorship records, but I think those articles gaucho really do need to be split. Would it be OK if I split them again, but said where the text was coming from in the edit summary? DJ Clayworth 17:57, 4 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Your Eyes
Wow, did you see the new comment below your eyes-image on Eye?!! Unbeleavable, how good the contributor made the point ;-) Fantasy 12:13, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Yes, I saw what happened on VfD and you probably saw the discusson with Angela on my talk page. Was politeness which prompted me to post the note of thanks even though the article had already been deleted. I trust you and the other French Wikipedia contributors to know more about French culture than I do and to help sort out what is of sufficient significance to have an entry in the English Wikipedia. Of course, that just means that at some time, I'll disagree with you, since this is a Wiki...:) Jamesday 21:44, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Article de la semaine
Je suis désolé que tu ayes été malade. J'espère que vous êtes meilleur bientôt. Je suis presque sante [?]. En outre, même avec mon mauvais Français, je puis voir que fr:w:cuisine est un article très bon. Je ne sais pas pourquoi nous n'avons pas un "article de la semaine" ici? C'est une idée excellent! -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 22:38, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

en:Ecology
Bonjour -- I realized that I haven't looked at Ecology for a while and that you've done quite a bit of work on it. Are there any particular sections thta I could help with or new text to be translated and/or edited? -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 14:27, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I hope it does stay. I love it. Do you think there is any chance it would be allowed on en? I don't think people should be allowed to move questionable pages to the user space just to avoid the normal processes of deletion and if he claims to have left anyway, why keep it? I think it is just asking for trouble. It isn't really part of his user space. He just put it there so stop it getting deleted. Angela. 07:30, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Fun is forbidden. Evercat 14:04, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

It's very nice, actually. But Christmas is still 15 days away... Evercat 14:31, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Bah, humbug. It's just a big commercialised capitalist fraud. Why, back when I were a lad, we were grateful to get an orange for Christmas. Well, no, I made that up, but still... :-) Evercat 14:45, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Xmas logo
I just didn't expected it to be so cheery and red! :-D C'est très fantastique! I love it. I think Wikipedia logos should change once a month to reflect festivals around the globe. --Menchi (Talk)ü| â 18:15, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Sorry, for the delay response. I have been away, and will be not here more often. -sv

The French Academy is not influential in Canada. It certainly has no official jurisdiction. Québec has its Office de la langue française, which is a lot more political in its influence, and has at time been referred to as the language police. Elle est souvent plus français que les Français. Some anglicisms that are acceptable in France are considered bad French in Québec. At the federal level there is support for bilingualism, and a lot of money is spent trying to get anglophones to speak French badly. I'm sorry but I haven't been following the French POV debates. ☮ Eclecticology 05:28, 2003 Dec 11 (UTC)

Hi Anthere, That's a monumental work: Ecology. I started working on the translation you asked me about, and someone else beat me to it. Since then I've been busy with moving our home, but plan to get back to look more extensively at the article soon. Thanks for all the effort.

It was so desperatly dead for more than a year, I "had" to do something for it :-). Thanks for your thanks

It should be fine if you leave a note on the talk page about who the original author is. Cheers, Cyan 21:22, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Bonjour -- J'ai créé Nouvelle Angleterre -- sentez-vous libre d'offrir des corrections à mon français, svp. -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 04:58, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Et maintenant j'ai aussi créé Acadie... -- BCorr ¤ Брайен

"Copyright unsure"? That rather takes the shine off the present, but thanks anyway... :) Martin 17:53, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I didn't understand this: "The environment is at the same time the product and the condition of this activity and thus of the survival of the species".

You can't quit fr. You are queen of the French Wikipedia! I'm sure they couldn't cope without you. Why have you quit? Angela.

I completely know what you mean. Did you see what I did with my user page earlier? . Angela. 22:20, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Bonsoir, Anthère. A couple of days ago I was looking at the WikiFR-l mailing list, because I was curious about Tim Starling being involved in dealing with Chatterings. I understand enough French to see that you have had to deal with PP's endless vandalism, and at the same time people complaining that you are not nice enough (et c'est injuste et faux, dans mon expérience!). And it seems ironic for me personally, as I am enjoying translating articles for fr: and following the corrections that others make -- it helps my French a lot). And I completely understand. Sometimes it seems impossible to go back to the days of innocence -- whether at Wikipedia or in real life. I often wish that when I go to meetings or conferences, I could just sit in the audience and listen -- but usually I am organizing the meeting, or have a role in the conference. When I don't, it's very nice to relax. And I don't have advice for you: quitter ou ne quitter pas? Je ne sais pas ce qui est la décision "correcte". But I trust completely that you will make the correct decision. Dans l'esprit de la paix, BCorr ¤ Брайен 22:35, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Je suis toujours à ton service à aider! And always feel free to email me if you need a sounding board (conseil retentissant) -- or just some support. -- BCorr ¤ Брайен

Sorry ant, I forgot about you being that user too. I just thought the link to the ban page might offer more explanation for those who hadn't followed the story. I didn't mean it to be offensive to you, and I am sorry you were upset by this. Remember though, Jimbo was blocking 142, not you. You just happened to be accidentally affected by this because he didn't realise it was you. No one ever thought you should be banned. Anyway, I shan't use the example again. With apologies, Angela.

_________ On the ecology page...response to your comment Do you like that ? http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology#Usage_of_the_term
 * Yes, of course. I was pleasantly surprised.

Relating to September 11 Pic that came from the Chinese Wikipedia - From Mav's talk page
"== About 2wtccrash.JPG ==

"Did you either take this photo or did you get permission to use it without attribution? --mav 05:44, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)"

The photo came from the Chinese Wikipedia. It is displayed on the Chinese September 11 page. WhisperToMe 23:29, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * this does not justify we have permission to use it, or that it is gfdl. What does the chinese description page indicates on that topic ? PomPom 00:16, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)"

 * http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wtc1 is the desc page of the picture on the Chinese Wikipedia. FormulaX posted the picture in the Chinese version. Since he has an English page, I am going to ask him where he got the pic from. WhisperToMe 03:31, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Jiang said that the Chinese pic originated from this pic on the French wiki: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wtc1 WhisperToMe 04:37, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * This is *so* typical :-) Sigh. I looked : the french editor uploaded many images from en: as well, and never provided any description for his images. There is very high chance the image originated from en:, and was deleted for copyright infringment. I will list it for deletion of fr:. I highly suggest that it is deleted from en: and zh: as well. All I can say Whisper is "it is not because an image was uploaded on another wikipedia that it is clean." Please, do provide description images in all cases (even when it comes from another wikipedia). ant

 * I deleted the picture on the EN version due to Copyvio WhisperToMe 20:25, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

---

Request
I just noticed that we don't have an article about mimicry yet. Would this be something in your field of interest?—Eloquence

 * I have a photo of a viceroy butterfly (also monarchs) in my files... Pollinator 04:15, 20 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * that would be good :-)

Ant not here? You're not leaving are you? Worried 22:09, 20 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Just a holiday, we hope...Pollinator 22:22, 20 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * of course, not. See you in january :-)

 * Bonne journée! Брайен

Lien perso
User:Anthere/extinction

Miam
My supper

Far less healthy Archivist 00:11, Jan 9, 2004 (UTC)

Bernard
Très chère ant, combien de fois ai-je pleuré en lisant une page de wikipédia ? Peut-être plus que dans ma vie toute entière et encore ce matin, même si les lignes que j'avais déposées ne t'étaient pas directement destinées, je n'ai pas été vraiment surpris par les italiques. Je n'avais pas osé venir te souhaiter une bonne année, peut-être bien que finalement moi qui pensais avoir été attentif à tout le monde sur wikipédia, ne suis pas aussi respectueux que je le pensais.

Je vais un peu mieux, mais je ne pensais pas que cela puisse être aussi dur, comment est-ce possible de s'attacher à ce point, à wikipédia et à celles et ceux qui le font, c'est idiot sûrement, mais comme tu le dis si justement wikipédia est un organisme vivant, qu'il est fragile comme tout organisme vivant, tu le sais si bien, je ne sais pas pourquoi je te le dis !

Mais, mes blessures n'excusent pas celles que j'ai pu infliger aux autres, certainement pas, je me suis excusé, j'aurais dû en faire davantage, que ceux à qui je ne les ai pas adressées, s'ils lisent ces quelques lignes, le soient ici.

Je n'avais pas regardé une seule page de wikipédia avant vendredi dernier, deux mois après que j'ai consulté une dernière fois la mailing-list et venir remercier, Loo (pour ce que je lui avais demandé, imbécilement) et toi, sans même regarder ce que vous aviez fait pour moi ; j'avais ressenti ta colère et ai été encore plus malheureux de l'avoir engendrée, que ce soit toi et Loo qui ai dû supporter ma mauvaise humeur pour quelques mots d'autres m'a encore plus affligé mais je crois que cela était bien fait pour moi. J'avais compris ta colère mais j'avais tout de même un petit doute.

J'avais déjà fait le black-out absolu, même plus relevé mon courrier avec les adresses wikipédia, enlevé tous les favoris de mes navigateurs,cookies etc. Je n'osais même plus googliser, complètement irrationnel, j'ai même résilié mon forfait internet et donc, chez moi, je n'aurais plus de connexion décente à partir de tout à l'heure.

Et puis, vendredi sur Google, je suis par hasard tombé sur un référencement d'une page que j'avais créée et qui est bien classée toutes langues et puis sur une autre à laquelle j'ai participé, un peu, (moins que toi) et me suis dit qu'elles devaient être utiles à quelques uns. J'ai eu le courage de googliser mon pseudo et pour ne pas revenir les mains vides, j'ai donc écrit un petit article et puis je l'ai déposé et donné quelques retouches à un autre, mais avant de le faire,j'avais tout de même regardé, tu sais quoi et comment, mais j'ai beaucoup hésité et si tu n'avais pas été là je crois que je n'aurais rien déposé. Il y a beaucoup de choses qui m'ont attristé et rapidement, je crois avoir assez regardé les RC pendant mes trois mois wikipédiens, ce n'est pas bien difficile de se faire une idée. J'ai apprécié tes actions à leurs justes valeurs et ta page sur les relations sociales entre wikipédiens, combien se rendent compte comme cela est important, étonnant que personne n'ai collaboré à une page pareille, je mesure la joie que cela aurait été pour moi de modestement t'y aider... étonnant, ai-je écrit ? Je te l'ai déjà dit, quand je vois la déprime que j'ai dû surpasser, prends bien garde à toi et aux tiens.

Tu as dû comprendre quelle souffrance pour moi de ne pas me sentir à la hauteur, comment ne pas ressentir personnellement l'échec que peut être le bannissement de P., qui mesure vraiment, ce qu'est une telle décision, son ampleur et ses conséquences, pendant ces deux mois j'ai eu le temps d'y penser souvent. Lorsque j'ai "censuré" son paragraphe sur le procès de Saint-Etienne, qui sait, sinon toi, ce que j'ai ressenti en appuyant sur le bouton "sauvegarder", P. même pas, je suis sûr que sinon il n'aurait pas écrit la phrase dans le résumé qui me mettait au pied du mur, même cela je le lui ai pardonné et il le sait ; et j'ai, alors, réfléchi plusieurs heures supplémentaires à la décision que j'allais prendre, et pourtant j'avais eu douze jours pour m'y préparer, puisque douze jours auparavant j'avais "censuré" le même passage ; j'ai fait selon ma conscience, je n'ai vraiment pas l'esprit apaisé, qu'aurais-je dû faire de plus, de moins, ce matin là et les jours qui ont suivi ? Vraiment, je ne sais pas, je ne sais pas. Ma fragilité, tu sais, je ne sais pas non plus.

Je te l'ai déjà dit, je me sens "has been", je vais m'éloigner d'internet, il y a beaucoup de choses que je ne saisis plus, et sur wikipédia il y a des reflets de cela bien sûr, je vais te redire merci parce que j'ai passé trois mois formidables, grâce à toi, et à beaucoup, je ne vais citer personne, chacun se reconnaitra (je pense à deux absents particulièrement) et puis si en passant, il reste toujours un peu de l'esprit de ce que j'ai connu de wikipédia, et bien je déposerai bien quelques mots, mais un minimum de cet esprit est une condition sine-qua-non..

A lire tes mots de ce matin, je suis désolé, vraiment sincèrement, d'avoir pu te blesser à ce point ; je pense pourtant que tu n'aurais pas dû, je ne pensais pas même que tu puisse tellement l'être ; tu sais je ne me suis jamais senti important à ce point pour toi, car si c'est pour wikipédia, tu aurais sans doute encore moins te sentir blessée sinon cela t'honore à un point que je ne sais comment qualifier ; sans doute n'ai-je pas été assez attentif aux mots que tu as pu écrire et surtout à ceux qui m'étaient directement destinés, je suis désolé, vraiment désolé. Tu m'as reproché une fois mon égoïsme, j'avais trouvé cela injuste, mais tu avais raison, comment peut-on se conduire aussi mal quelquefois sur ce média, un tourment de plus, comme j'ai la mémoire longue, tu sais, c'est un défaut, je n'oublierais jamais.

Il y a quatre vers sur ta page perso que tu as mis il n'y a pas longtemps à voir l'historique, qui sont très beaux, que ceux à qui, je pense, ils sont destinés les trouvent beaux aussi.

Je crois que tu ressentiras ce que je ressens à cet instant, je te souhaite une bonne année, une bonne santé, à toi et aux tiens.

Ant, merci, merci infiniment et je te l'ai déjà dit, il y a longtemps, tu peux me demander ce que tu veux, nul ne me dérange ou me gène, alors toi, tu penses !

Bien amicalement. Bernard.

Cher Bernard.

I do not forget you. But I right now have very little computer access, and the d.... site is so slow most of the time I connect, that I will answer you later. Amicalement. Ant
 * Thank you very much ant, but I do not need really answer, you spent already so much of time for me, rather continue for marvellous Angela., others and for fr.wikipedia of course, en. and meta.. etc. Eslios 20:04, 13 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * No, I have something to tell you (and to answer Angel as well), but 1)my husband is working a lot at home on the computer these days, and 2)someone will be sleeping for the next two nights next to the computer (so I won't have access to the net much). Hence...I can't answer yet. My best. Ant

 * J'ai essayé, Bernard, de mettre une partie de mes pensées sur ma page utilisateur. Certaines peuvent te concerner.
 * en novembre et décembre, je me suis laissée déborder. C'était juste trop de choses à la fois. Des choses peu importantes, ou plus importantes, mais juste trop de combats à la fois; Je ne pouvais plus t'écouter. J'ai mis ces vers en pensant à toi, et Looxix et Alvaro, et d'autres aussi :-) Mais je me sens mieux à présent. J'essaye de porter mes pieds à d'autres endroits, pour ne pas me perdre inutilement. Merci d'avoir éditer l'article :-) Savoir qu'aun moins une personne m'a lue me fait plaisir. J'ai souvent l'impression d'écrire dans le vide. J'essaye juste de mieux comprendre moi-même. J'ai essayé aussi à incivility. Si cela peut aider d'autres, tant mieux :-)
 * Je te souhaite le meilleur Bernard. J'ai apprécié nos discussions. Passes nous voir de temps à autre. ant

-

Angel
Hi ant. Thanks for the message. :) I haven't been on irc since my computer died last Wednesday, but hopefully I will get it fixed today and be back. It's weird being away. Wikipedia's a very different place when you don't know what's happening on irc. I think I needed a break from it though and to spend some time doing things other than Wikipedia. Angela. 06:05, Jan 13, 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I noticed your message to Stephen at mb where you said "more time spent analysing, less editing time". Do you ever find that helps? I find myself doing that sometimes but then I wonder whether I should stop wasting my time doing it. :) The thing you said about "not impacting enough what he thinks right" is so true as well. I've been thinking lately that I could spend all day here and still not have as much impact on certain things as I would like. There's just too much to do. sigh . Angela. 08:30, Jan 13, 2004 (UTC)

Mediation Committee
Hi. Are you having trouble with your browser? I noticed several edits by you, where you have removed what appeared to be valid content from talkpages, in a somewhat bizarre manner. I am speaking specifically in reference to the Mediation and arbitration related pages. -- Jussi-Ville Heiskanen 02:14, Jan 17, 2004 (UTC)

Hi, not troubles that I know of. I am trying to separate arbitration and mediation stuff, and to reorganise a little bit. Normally, nothing is lost (except chit chat comments perhaps ?) and should find its way roughly at the right place; It is good to see you around. I was just reading the articles at meta. We thought with Angel, that if the main draft could stay there, perhaps the pages themselves could be here rather. What are your suggestions ?

-

I'd be happy to help with giving the mediation committee a little input, everyone seems to be trying to make it more complex than it is. Ironic, some people accused me of coming up with a complex scheme and mine might have been the simplest of them all. However, I have an open mind about mediation. There are a lot of good books on it written for people who have to negotiate. "Getting to Yes" is perhaps one of the most famous of these books. Let me know how I can help and I will be glad to lend some expertise (on an interesting side note I just became an "arbitrator" in New York City Civil Court. I was sworn in yesterday. Here is an interesting brochure about the NYC Civil Court mediation program . You might find it useful. — Alex756 05:55, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Merci, DoublePom! Au commencement, quand la proposition a été faite par Jimbo, je n'ai pas cru que j'ai eu assez d'expérience. Peut-être maintenant je. Est-ce que tu pense-tu être un médiateur, il emploierez beaucoup de mon temps? Je pense que je lui demanderai bientôt... BCorr ¤ Брайен 15:39, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)

-

Thanks ant. I am on the mailing list but I can't always be bothered reading it straight away so I hadn't seen that until you pointed it out. Has Jimbo said you are on the committee yet? I hope he does soon - you seem to be doing nearly all the work! Thanks for all your help in moving things along. It's beginning to seem like something real now and not just some abstract idea. Angela. 20:39, Jan 17, 2004 (UTC)

French headscarf law and mediation
I got your message. Been busy -- looking at the threads, it looks like there are a couple things going on. Your email looks extremely clear and organized, but Ive been away for so long that Im having a hard time placing it in context. Can you get me caught up a little? Btw, take a look at French headscarf law when you can. Merci, 戴&#30505sv 01:42, 18 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I note: "Mediators -- people who are volunteering to get involved in mediating user disputes, but without any actual power to vote for or recommend a ban or any other punitive action" LOL.  No wonder I'm on the list. :) Maybe you should take my place as a mediator. I don't think I will be around enough to justify the position. -Sv {;)>

 * how many sysops exist on en ? They could all justify it somehow :-)
 * what is the difference with the current way ?

I haven't been following the mailing list lately. I'll browse over the Mediation pages though. Anything in particular I need to do? --Dante Alighieri 10:20, 18 Jan 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Anthere/Débarras


text:
Yeongju

Yeongju is a city in the far north region of North Gyeongsang province in South Korea, covering 668.84 km2 with a population of 113,930 people according to the 2008 census. The city borders Bonghwa county to the east, Danyang county of North Chungcheong province to the west, Andong city and Yecheon county to the south, and Yeongwol county of Gangwon province to the north.

Buseoksa Temple in Yeongju is outstanding as a representative temple of the Avatamsaka Sect of Silla Buddhism. Sosu Seowon is the first Seowon (Confucian academy) to have had national financial support by way of tax exemptions.

Yeongju is also home to a large Novelis Aluminum plant, employing approximately 1000 workers. This plant provides flat-rolled aluminum sheet products to customers throughout Asia.

Administrative divisions
Yeongju is divided into nineteen primary divisions: one eup (읍) or town, nine myeon (면) or township, and nine dong (동).

The eup and myeon are further divided into numerous ri (리) or village.

Transportation
Yeongju connected by highway with these routes:
 * Jungang Expressway to Busan, Daegu
 * National Route 5
 * National Route 28 to Yeongcheon, Gyeongju, Pohang
 * National Route 36 to Boryeong, Gongju, Sejong, Cheongju, Chungju, Jecheon

Rail service to Yeongju Station is also available, and is located on the Jungang Line, the Yeongdong Line and the Gyeongbuk Line.

Climate
Yeongju has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa), but can be considered a borderline humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) using the -3 C isotherm.

Twin towns – sister cities
Yeongju is twinned with:
 * 🇨🇳 Bozhou, China
 * 🇯🇵 Fujinomiya, Japan
 * 🇨🇳 Jining, China
 * 🇹🇼 Nantou, Taiwan
 * 🇨🇳 Shaoguan, China

title: Yeongju


text:
Talk:List of Sega Genesis games

Beethoven
As far as I am aware there was no game released for the Mega Drive/Genesis called Beethoven. There was a game called "Beethoven's 2nd" but I think that was released on another platform.

missing "Darius" game (second justification)
"star fox 2" is listed on Snes games list, doesn't matter if game is released only digitally, it is a game of the console, darius can be on the list. The game can be played on original hardware with an flashcart, its a game that run on the system, and is Oficial release, endorsed by sega. if games totally unlicensed is on the list, like 'wisdom tree' religious games, one oficial game like Darius of course can be on the list too. like 'star fox 2' is on the list in the snes list. no need to close your eyes and turn this game invisible on the list, like he never existed. its on oficial sega mini release, of course this exist! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2804:7F0:E181:7B94:6D62:7676:FA41:A33C (talk) 14:00, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

missing "J.League Pro Striker Kanzenban"
its a enhanced game, but a different game, like different versions of Street Fighter II. maybe can be on the list. https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/genesis/570459-jleague-pro-striker-kanzenban/data — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2804:7F0:E181:7B94:6D62:7676:FA41:A33C (talk) 14:07, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

consider to include "Sansan"
seems to be a program, but have a "Go!" game inside. need more studies. https://segaretro.org/Sansan — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2804:7F0:E181:7B94:6D62:7676:FA41:A33C (talk) 17:49, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Sega Genesis games


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John Burnheim

John Bernard Burnheim (20 April 1927 – 26 October 2023) was an Australian philosopher who was Professor of General Philosophy at the University of Sydney.

Biography
John Bernard Burnheim was born in Sydney on 20 April 1927. He was originally a Catholic priest and, from 1958 to 1968, was rector of St John's, the Catholic college attached to the university. He became a major figure in the disturbances of the 1970s that split the university's Department of Philosophy. Burnheim died in Camperdown on 26 October 2023, at the age of 96.

Social theory
In his book Is Democracy Possible? The alternative to electoral politics (1985) Burnheim used the term "demarchy" (created by Friedrich Hayek in his Law, Legislation and Liberty) to describe a political system without the state or bureaucracies, and based instead on randomly selected groups of decision makers. This has striking resemblances to classical democratic ideas, as reported by Thucydides. In 2006 Burnheim published a second edition with a new preface in which he directed the reader to an emphasis that "a polity organised by negotiation between specialised authorities would work much better than one based on centralised authority".

Demarchy as Burnheim conceives it has two features that distinguish it from other proposals for selection by lot in politics:

 * First, an insistence on putting distinct policy areas under mutually independent authorities which would settle problems of coordination between them by negotiation or arbitration rather than by dictation from above. The point of this is to remedy the defect of existing democracies in which issues are settled according to the power strategies of politicians rather than the merits of the case;
 * Second, that the committee in charge of each policy body should be statistically representative of those who are most substantially affected by their decisions. The hope is that this would lead to better decisions, not just the wishful thinking of populist spin.

In 2016 John Burnheim published "The Demarchy Manifesto: for better public policy." Where Is Democracy Possible is theoretical, the manifesto suggests a practical approach to current problems, aimed at divorcing the process of "enlightening, articulating and giving effect to public opinion" on selected issues of policy from the electoral party system. It envisaged setting up a public foundation, financed by private contributions, to conduct the proceedings, relying on the complete transparency and participatory amplitude of its proceedings to justify its claim to articulate a view that deserves to be seen as serious public opinion on a range of important matters. The key to complete openness is a website where anybody who chooses to do so may contribute, dedicated to deciding the best way of dealing with a specific problem. Contributors would be expected to appeal to considerations that most people would accept as directly relevant to the particular problem. The editors would attempt to see that all the considerations that either ordinary people or experts might have were thoroughly debated, establishing the considerations a good solution should take into account. That discussion should lead to clarity about just what facts and values are relevant, but still leave a lot of disagreement about the relative weight placed on them in articulating an acceptable decision. A second small body would be charged with attempting to arrive at a practical compromise between conflicting considerations. The suggestion is that this should be a small committee, statistically representative of the interests most strongly advantaged or disadvantaged by what is to be decided. This body would also operate entirely by correspondence online, open to comment at every stage.

The book tries to tie this proposal up with a realistic approach to the more general issues of public goods, practical uncertainty, social processes and global problems.

title: John Burnheim


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Yeongcheon

Yeongcheon is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.

Yeongcheon is located 350 km southeast of Seoul, in the southeast of North Gyeongsang Province. It is on the Gyeongbu Expressway linking Seoul and Busan, and is also the junction of the Jungang and Daegu railway lines.

Symbols

 * City bird: pigeon
 * City flower: rose
 * City tree: ginkgo

Economy of Yeongcheon
Yeongcheon is famous for Grape and Wine. It is the largest producer of Grape which has almost 20% of Grape Production in Korea and some of the grapes are exported to United States, Canada and Southeast Asia.

Yeongcheon also has 15 Wineries. The Wineries use Kyoho, Muscat Bailey A, Shine Muscat and Campbell Early Cultivals to make wine.

Yeongcheon produces other crops such as Rice, Peach, Apple, Plum, Garlic and others.

Administrative divisions
Yeongcheon is divided into 1 eup, 10 myeon and 5 dong.

Festivals
The Bohyeon Mountain Starlight Festival takes place in summer and is centered in the Bohyeon Mountain Observatory, which houses the third-largest telescope in Korea. In late summer, the Grape Festival takes place, hosting events such as the Miss Grape contest and a grape-eating competition. Yeongcheon is also well known for its Herbal Medicine Festival, which takes place in October and hosts traditional singing and a variety of herbs which are about 480 Herbal Medicine and Wine which made by Yeongcheon's grapes festival is also famous.

People
Notable individuals born in the city include Goryeo period general Ch'oe Mu-sŏn and Goryeo intellectual Chŏng Mong-ju. Also, it was the hometown of Paek Gun Sang, a tremendous Korean War veteran, who led himself to a high government position without being paid any kind of salary during the Korean War.

Tourism
Tourists to Yeongcheon are few, but popular destinations include Eunhaesa Temple, the War Memorial Park, Cyan Art Gallery, Yeongcheon Dam, the Jeong Sowon and Gatbawi.

Twin towns – sister cities
Yeongcheon is twinned with:
 * 🇨🇳 Kaifeng, China
 * 🇯🇵 Kuroishi, Japan
 * 🇺🇸 Buffalo, New York, USA

title: Yeongcheon


text:
SSR

SSR may refer to:

Businesses, entertainment and products

 * Solid State Records, a Christian record label
 * Chevrolet SSR, a Chevrolet small truck
 * Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa
 * Small Screen Rendering, a technology part of Opera Mini
 * Sonic and the Secret Rings, a 2007 platform video game
 * Stephen's Sausage Roll, a 2016 puzzle video game
 * Sirius Satellite Radio, a satellite radio service operating in North America
 * Strategic Scientific Reserve, a fictional organization in Marvel Comics and precursor to the fictional organization S.H.I.E.L.D.
 * SSR Wheels, a Japanese wheel manufacturer

Geographical locations

 * Soviet Socialist Republic, see Republics of the Soviet Union
 * Slovak Soviet Republic (1919), a very short-lived communist state in south and eastern Slovakia
 * Slovak Socialist Republic, the official name of Slovakia from 1969 to 1990
 * Second Spanish Republic

Railways

 * Sabah State Railway, a railway in Malaysia
 * Southern Shorthaul Railroad, an Australian provider of motive power hauling trains in New South Wales and Victoria, and freight train operator
 * Southern Suburbs Railway, a New MetroRail project in Perth, Western Australia
 * Springfield Street Railway, a former interurban street railway in Springfield, Massachusetts
 * Strategic steam reserve, a collection of steam locomotives retained for use in a national emergency
 * Sub-surface Railways, cut-and-cover railway lines forming part of the London Underground; also called Sub-surface Lines

Science and technology

 * Scalable Sample Rate, used in MPEG-4 Part 3 and MPEG-2 Part 7
 * Scalable Source Routing, a routing algorithm for unstructured networks
 * Screen Space Reflections used in the computer graphics to compute approximate mirror reflections
 * Secondary surveillance radar, a radar system used in air traffic control
 * Simple Sequence Repeat, repeating sequences of 2-6 base pairs of DNA
 * Site-specific recombination, a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing only a limited degree of sequence homology
 * Slope stability radar, the application for the monitoring of slope stability at open-cut mines
 * Solid-state relay, an electronic switching device in which a small control signal controls a larger load current or voltage
 * Sources, sinks and reservoirs, for greenhouse gases
 * Stable salt reactor, a proposed low-cost nuclear reactor design
 * Sum of squared residuals
 * Sum of squares due to regression
 * Server-side rendering, using a web server to deliver a customized HTML file for a user (client)
 * State-space representation, a particular type of a mathematical model of a physical system, used in control engineering and in satellite navigation

People

 * S. S. Rajamouli (born 1973), Indian film director
 * S. S. Rajendran (1928–2014), Indian actor
 * Sushant Singh Rajput (1986–2020), Indian actor
 * Singeetam Srinivasa Rao (born 1931), Indian film director

Other uses

 * Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR)
 * Sainik School, Rewa, a senior secondary school in India
 * Security sector reform, a process to amend a security sector towards good governance
 * The South Saskatchewan Regiment, a Canadian infantry regiment
 * Special Support and Reconnaissance Company, a Danish military unit
 * The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, a 1962 book by Thomas Kuhn
 * The obsolete United States Navy hull classification symbol for a diesel-electric radar picket submarine
 * Sustained silent reading, a form of school-based recreational reading
 * Self Supporting Run-flat tires, a type of run-flat tire
 * Svenska Scoutrådet, the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Sweden
 * In air travel passenger name records, a Special Service Request
 * Same-sex relationship
 * Short-sale restriction, a modified uptick rule instituted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2010
 * Somali State Resistance, a rebel group in Ethiopia

title: SSR


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Horst and graben

In geology, horst and graben (or range and valley) refers to topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks known as horsts and grabens. The features are created by normal faulting and rifting caused by crustal extension. Horst and graben are formed when normal faults of opposite dip occur in pairs with parallel strike, and are always formed together. Each feature can range in size from a few centimeters up to tens of kilometers, and the vertical displacement can be up to several thousand meters. The movement on either side of each block is typically equal, resulting in little tilting.

Horst
A horst is a section of crust that has been lifted relative to the blocks on either side, which is a result of its bounding faults dipping away from each other. Horsts can form features such as plateaus, mountain ranges or ridges on either side of the valleys.

Graben
A graben is a section of crust that has lowered relative to the blocks on either side, which is a result of its bounding faults dipping towards each other. The plural of graben can be either graben or grabens. Graben form low-lying features such as basins and rift valleys. They can be very long relative to their width.

Examples

 * The Basin and Range Province in the western United States is an extensive region of alternating valleys and ridges caused by horst and graben as well as tilted block faulting.

 * The Condroz and Ardennes regions of Wallonia are good examples of a succession of horst and graben.

 * The Satpura Range is a horst in India and is flanked by Narmada Graben in the north and much smaller but parallel Tapi Graben in the south.

title: Horst and graben