text:
Talk:The Sports Network

The Sports Network vs. TSN
I don't think it is actually "The Sports Network" anymore, its just TSN. Similar to how ESPN is just ESPN. I'm not 100% sure, but if its true the first sentence should be re-worded to something like "TSN (originally The Sports Network)..."

 * I agree, the first line should at least be rearranged to say "TSN (The Sports Network)", maybe TSN still officially means The Sports Network but that is never said on air--BoyoJonesJr 18:54, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well not that article, but you often see it written like that in american articles and what not because it is the official name but I can't remember the last time The Sports Network was used on TSN itself--BoyoJonesJr 18:07, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Its legal name is "The Sports Network." You can verify this on the CRTC web site.--SaskatchewanSenator 07:41, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

The parking lot
Why is the parking lot info even there, it seems erevelent to this article and useless... 74.109.62.238 07:39, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it does seem really trivial. --Wafulz 18:09, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Ontario Flag Icon
Does this really add anything useful? I think it clutters the infobox.--SaskatchewanSenator 07:48, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:TSN HD.jpg
Image:TSN HD.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 19:44, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:RDS (2).gif
Image:RDS (2).gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:18, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Oldtsn.jpg
Image:Oldtsn.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:52, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Hockey section
I have deleted this paragraph in the hockey section:

''Like the CBC's Hockey Night in Canada, TSN has attracted criticism from fans of Western Canadian hockey clubs for refusing to split the network to ensure that teams scheduled to receive a local team's game receive the entire game. If the eastern game (most often involving the Toronto Maple Leafs) runs into overtime or a shootout fans of the western club will miss a portion of their game.[5]''

The reason for my action is that the attached reference points to a thread on the Vancouver Canucks' message board, a source which can hardly be considered either NPOV or reliable. If anyone finds a more reputable source for this statement, then feel free to re-insert the paragraph, but with the reference it has now, it's gone.Gujuguy (talk) 19:11, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:55, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

The Sports Network → TSN (TV channel) — WP:COMMONNAME, while The Sports Network may be used internally as a legal name for the channel, it refers to itself on-air as TSN, and other Canadian outlets have never used the full name when referencing the channel. The article can say something to the effect of "TSN (an abbreviation of "The Sports Network", the network's legal name)" or something like that. ViperSnake151  Talk  22:30, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Oppose on aesthetic grounds. Srnec (talk) 05:53, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose as per the other "TSN" abbreviated things that utilizes the full-name.Moxy (talk) 07:01, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose GoodDay (talk) 06:46, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose єmarsee  •  Speak up!  03:06, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose Mr. No Funny Nickname (talk) 13:56, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

Discussion
Unless you want The Sports Network as a title for another article, I don't see any urgency to move. GoodDay (talk) 23:42, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070930071932/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070321.TRUTH21/TPStory/TPSports/Television/ to http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070321.TRUTH21/TPStory/TPSports/Television/

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080604161324/http://www.cablebahamas.com:80/television/digital/comparison/index.html to http://www.cablebahamas.com/television/digital/comparison/index.html

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140906203834/http://communityforums.rogers.com/t5/forums/forumtopicpage/board-id/PVR_settop_boxes_remotes/thread-id/19344 to http://communityforums.rogers.com/t5/forums/forumtopicpage/board-id/PVR_settop_boxes_remotes/thread-id/19344
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110719081700/http://www.ctvmedia.ca/tsn/releases/release.asp?id=13074&yyyy=2010 to http://www.ctvmedia.ca/tsn/releases/release.asp?id=13074&yyyy=2010
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110708134655/http://channelcanada.com/Article1687.html to http://channelcanada.com/Article1687.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150521224601/http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/2004/040720A.php to http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/2004/040720A.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120711055113/http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/2004/040720Aappendix.pdf to http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/2004/040720Aappendix.pdf

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101224043156/http://channelcanada.com/Article1496.html to http://www.channelcanada.com/Article1496.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071109162317/http://www.flowjamaica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=133 to http://www.flowjamaica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=133

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://archive.is/20140824184744/http://sports.nationalpost.com/2013/11/26/is-there-life-after-hockey-for-tsn-rogers-deal-a-huge-body-blow-for-canadas-largest-sports-network/ to http://sports.nationalpost.com/2013/11/26/is-there-life-after-hockey-for-tsn-rogers-deal-a-huge-body-blow-for-canadas-largest-sports-network/
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20140508150408/http://sports.nationalpost.com/2014/05/06/tsn-announces-plans-for-three-new-channels-six-months-after-rogers-nhl-deal/ to http://sports.nationalpost.com/2014/05/06/tsn-announces-plans-for-three-new-channels-six-months-after-rogers-nhl-deal/
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20131128124030/http://sports.nationalpost.com/2013/11/26/nhl-rogers-reach-12-year-5-2-billion-broadcast-deal-that-would-see-cbc-keep-hockey-night-in-canada/ to http://sports.nationalpost.com/2013/11/26/nhl-rogers-reach-12-year-5-2-billion-broadcast-deal-that-would-see-cbc-keep-hockey-night-in-canada/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100619061120/http://thestar.blogs.com/sportsmedia/2010/06/sportsnet-back-in-the-game-with-raptors.html to http://thestar.blogs.com/sportsmedia/2010/06/sportsnet-back-in-the-game-with-raptors.html

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live streaming sports
I do not subscribe to a tv net work can I live steam sports through my computer — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.215.120.187 (talk) 21:59, 14 January 2018 (UTC)

Needs updating
TSN has signed 'new' contracts with the CFL in 2019 & Hockey Canada in 2020. GoodDay (talk) 16:48, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

Lacrosse?
Where is the information about broadcasting National Lacrosse League 🤔 70.48.31.68 (talk) 06:34, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

I fixed TSN1 in the Channels area.
I put Calgary Flames and Edmonton Oilers as frequently broadcasted because they are both in Alberta, and TSN1 broadcasts in Alberta. (Reminder: The edits I made are Minor edits.) (The reason I put frequently broadcasted is because Sportsnet West usually airs the Oilers and Flames broadcasts.) BayernMunichFan (talk) 19:29, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Nascar
Why can't you televise Nascar events live? You have the cup series on Monday night, You had Xfinity race Sunday night which you apparently took off after I set it to tape. Come on tsn,wake up ,not everybody loves curling 2001:1970:56E8:8A00:9C5A:9C91:3BBA:F8DE (talk) 19:55, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Sports Network


text:
299 Queen Street West

299 Queen Street West, also known as Bell Media Queen Street or Bell Media Studios, is the headquarters of the television/radio broadcast hub of Bell Canada's media unit, Bell Media, and is located at the intersection of Queen Street West and John Street in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The building previously served as the headquarters of CTVglobemedia until Bell Canada acquired CTV again in 2011 as well as CHUM Television, a division of CHUM Limited, until CTV acquired CHUM in 2007, and was once known as the CHUM-City Building. It is now head offices and downtown Toronto studios for Bell Media.

With its 1913 neo-Gothic terra cotta façade, the building is designated as a heritage property by the City of Toronto's Heritage Preservation Services under the Ontario Heritage Act and has served as a broadcast facility since 1987.

Overview
The building serves as the official headquarters of Bell Canada's media unit, Bell Media, as well as the home of various Bell Media television properties, most of which were originally owned by CHUM, although some properties that CTV already owned prior to 2007 have moved some or all of their operations here since then as well. Current occupants include CTV Drama Channel, BNN Bloomberg, CP24, CTV Comedy Channel, E!, Investigation Discovery, CTV Life Channel, MTV, MTV2, Much (formerly MuchMusic) and CTV Sci-Fi Channel. In addition, selected CTV programs, including etalk, The Marilyn Denis Show, and The Social are produced at the building and selected network offices are located here.

Aside from the CTV network programming, Toronto station CFTO-TV has relatively little presence at the Queen Street facility. The primary studios for CTV Toronto, and the CTV network's national operations are located at 9 Channel Nine Court at Highway 401 and McCowan Road in Scarborough, where many of Bell Media's other co-owned channels such as CTV News Channel, Discovery Channel Canada, TSN, and their respective offshoot channels, as well as the master controls for the CTV stations in Eastern Canada, are located (see below).

History and architecture
The five-storey building was originally constructed as the headquarters of the Methodist Church of Canada in 1913 by Burke, Horwood and White. The Methodists joined with two other denominations to form the United Church of Canada in 1925, for which the building served as the headquarters until 1959. By this time the Ryerson Press, originally the publishing arm of the Methodist Church, had grown to occupy the entire building.

CHUM Limited & CTVglobemedia
In 1979, family owned CHUM Limited (then solely a radio network) purchased the rest of Citytv to which it did not yet own, which prompted the building purchase by CHUM in 1985. Toronto architecture firm Quadrangle was hired to restore and renovate the building into an innovative broadcast hub. After two years of outfitting for it broadcast operations, it was re-opened in May 1987 as the new television headquarters for the company and its various outlets, including Citytv Toronto (which was previously located at 99 Queen St. East). CHUM Limited's overall corporate headquarters and its Toronto radio stations continued to be based at 1331 Yonge Street.

The building's east wall was decorated with an actual older style news truck seemingly bursting out of the building; the front tires of the truck can still be seen spinning regularly. From the time the truck was erected there, it originally bore the old "CityPulse Live-Eye" decal; which has been replaced and overhauled with the "CP24 Breaking News" decal following the acquisition by CTVglobemedia.

Previously, the northwest corner of the building used to contain a Speakers' Corner videobooth, where for a dollar anyone could record two minutes of oneself. The booth was removed as part of renovations and upgrades to the MuchMusic studios in 2010, and the space where the video booth was located has since been enclosed and is used as production space for The Social.

While the outside facade has been restored and remains intact, the building's interior has been modernized into one of the world's most innovative media complexes. 299 Queen Street West was designed to have no TV studios; the entire building was rigged for audio and video. The building has been engineered so that public space, working areas, offices, stairwells, and even the parking lot may all be used as optimal shoot locations. Many television shows produced by the various outlets operating out of the building over the years, such as Citytv's Breakfast Television, CityLine and the former Electric Circus, were filmed live on the ground floor. The ground floor at the corner of Queen and John features giant glass sliding partitions so that the building can be open to the street. The studios formerly used for MuchMusic are now used for The Social, and the studio used for CityLine and Breakfast Television on Citytv, then briefly for eTalk on CTV, is now used for The Marilyn Denis Show.

The annual MuchMusic Video Awards show is/was held as a street party that takes place in the parking lot, studios, rooftop, as well as Queen and John Streets adjacent to the building. Queen and John is subsequently shut down from the early-afternoon into the evening on the day the show is/was scheduled to take place.

299 Queen Street West served as the national broadcast headquarters for the 2007 Live Earth concert, with several CTVgm-owned media outlets and personalities collaborating to broadcast the live event nationally for 28 hours. The building also served as the headquarters for CTV's multi-platform coverage of the 32nd Toronto International Film Festival in September 2007, acting as the launching pad of red carpet coverage, galas, film parties, film premieres, festival breaking news, and other related events. Various corporate divisions, such as eTalk, Star!, MuchMusic, MTV Canada, Bravo!, FashionTelevisionChannel and Canada AM, collaborated on the event coverage.

Bell Media era
Although acquired by Bell Media together with other CHUM entities, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission required CTVgm to sell Citytv Toronto and four other Citytv stations in Canada to Rogers Media in 2007. Since then, the Citytv signage at the front building was replaced with an eTalk logo (since removed); the Citytv logos on the landmark mural behind the former Virgin Mobile previously known as the Much store and the CHUM-City Store prior to that were replaced and overhauled with various logos of Bell Media's co-owned television channels, as well as the logo for CTV's entertainment news program eTalk shown one dish (since removed); and the main Citytv signage on the building's east façade was replaced with a CTV logo and a private balcony, looking out from the company's boardroom. Additionally the Bravo sign above the CP24 studios was replaced with a Bell Media sign after the acquisition by Bell Canada. Citytv Toronto officially moved out of 299 Queen Street West into its new home at 33 Dundas Street East on September 8, 2009.

It was announced in 2008 that Toronto radio operations including, CHUM (AM) and CHUM-FM, would be relocating to adjacent building 250 Richmond Street West. The iconic 'CHUM Dial 1050 / Radio 1045' sign was unveiled on June 15, 2009 and they officially moved on August 19, 2009.

2010–present
BNN later moved into the building on December 6, 2010, and uses the space previously utilized by Citytv's CityNews department, the BNN newsroom is adjacent to that of CP24's newsroom.

On July 30, 2013, Bell Media announced that CFRB and CKFM-FM would be moving to the adjacent building 250 Richmond Street West, (part of the Bell Media Queen Street complex) from 2 St. Clair Avenue West. This marked the end of CFRB's 49-year tenure at their 2 St. Clair Avenue West studios. The move took place on May 10, 2014.

In 2016, 299 Queen West received a landmark designation from the Ontario Association of Architects.

On June 20, 2024, Bell announced that BNN and CP24 would relocate from 299 Queen Street West to 9 Channel Nine Court in Agincourt, with CP24 moving in October 2024, and BNN moving in the third quarter of 2025.

Other Bell Media facilities in Toronto
Alongside 299 Queen Street West, other Bell Media properties are operated from other facilities in the Toronto area:

 * In mid-2015 it was announced the Virgin Mobile at much store would become a new street front facility for Much Digital Studios as part of their multi-channel new media network. The facility is part of the Bell Media Queen Street complex but is not directly connected to any other building. It had previously been the expanded ChumCity Store (relocated from within the ground-floor studio at 299, when not in use for shows like Breakfast Television or Electric Circus), as well as the first location for Moses Znaimer's MZTV Museum of Television.
 * Studios for Bell Media's Toronto-based radio channels including CFRB, CHUM-FM, & CKFM-FM; and Downtown Toronto studios for CHUM (AM), are currently located at 250 Richmond Street West at Richmond and Duncan streets which is adjacent and connected to 299 Queen Street West by bridge to 260 Richmond Street West.
 * Several other Bell Media television channels, including CTV's flagship station, CFTO-DT; along with CTV News Channel; TSN, TSN2 and Discovery Channel; as well as the master controls for the CTV and CTV 2 stations in Alberta, Southern Ontario, and Eastern and Atlantic Canada (including CHWI-DT Windsor, CFPL-DT London, CKVR-DT Barrie, CHRO-DT Ottawa, CTV 2 Atlantic, CTV 2 Alberta, CKY-DT Winnipeg, CKCO-DT Kitchener, CTV Northern Ontario, CJOH-DT Ottawa and CFCF-DT Montreal); as well as some of the technical operations for TSN Radio 1050 are operated from 9 Channel Nine Court in Agincourt. Additionally, CHUM (AM)'s studios for television syndication of its radio programs are located inside 9 Channel Nine Court.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 299 Queen Street West


text:
User talk:Stewartadcock/List of biochemistry topics

This is a great list and its great all the stuff that's on it, but it's sort of too bad in a way that there are many items that don't count as biochemistry. It would be a great definition of biochemistry if they weren't on it.168... 05:49, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks for all of your changes. I am slowly removing a lot of the junk.  I started with List_of_chemistry_topics, the List_of_biology_topics, and the list of everything that linked to Biochemistry, so it obviously contained a lot of extra stuff.  I expect to move it out of my userspace later today. Thanks again Stewartadcock 16:49, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar

More sources?
What gets qualified and what doesn't in this article doesn't make any sense to me. For example, it unflincingly said that Hekmatyar received $b's of anti-Soviet US military assistance, but shied away from saying that he was aided by the ISI, which was the conduit through which the US funded the anti-Soviet resistance dollars. I've tried to strike a reasonable balance, but better, we need some more sources... DanKeshet

You need to read the book "Bear Trip: Afghanistan's untold story" by Brig. Youssif to know about these complicated issues. The comments about his ISI/CIA links are quite accurate as mentioned here. I think he mentions that over 20% of all the CIA money supplied for anti-Russian resistance were given to his party through ISI.

Second edition (probably third edition too) of Politics of Heroin by Alfred W. McCoy has all the information on Pakistans formation of Hekmatyars group in the early 1970s, the CIA funding & arming through ISI, protection of his heroin syndicate, and lovely anecdotes about Hekmatyar throwing vials of acid into the faces of women who refused to wear veils. LamontCranston (talk) 02:10, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Politics of Heroin 2nd & 3rd editions by Alfred W. McCoy has a good account of Hekmatyars biography in the 1960s & 1970s (where he originated the practice of throwing acid in the faces of insufficiently modest women), working for the ISI and the Americans in the late '70s & 1980s,--94.219.215.75 (talk) 13:50, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

Rockets on Kabul
I think the article should also mention the many reports, that Hekmatyar more and more attacked other Mujaheddin groups instead of the Soviet invaders. During the siege of Kabul it was him who kept firing hundreds of rockets a day indiscriminately into the city killing lots of people. This is widely known and published, I have also heard this by talking to witnesses who were in Kabul during that time (among them my own mother).PS: There is also this accusation, that he used to throw acid into the faces of women who weren't dressed according to (in his eyes) 'Muslim laws'...following Messhermits comment in the Massoud and Fahim biographies, that one should basically keep unproven rumours until they re proven to be wrong, I guess it should be added here, too!? haroon 18:26, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Since you are new in Wiki, I will not pay attention to that kind of attitude against my person. If you don't have anything important that can contribute to create a better article, pls restrain from editing. Messhermit 20:13, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I won't say anything about your person, anyone who wants can see it from the articles, comments and edits you have made. I had posted this comment to point out the double standard about rumours and facts. Since those instances have been corrected, completing this article with more information about Hekmatyars crimes is not that high-priority. haroon 21:34, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

What is unqualified is baffling too: ISI's patronage of Hekmatyar in particular is said to be "certainly" based on his military record. This is unsupported PoV. Alternatives (ideological and political motivattions) are not presented to qualify this assertion. And the reference for non-involvement of the CIA in favouring Hekmatyar is not sufficient; even if it were accepted, the CIA clearly was involved in it.

Hekmatyar A Friend Of Pakistan
I wonder why someone put up tese comments saying Pakistanis calll him power hungry and this and that.I have done ost research on Hekmatyar and met several journalists who know him...especially people from Karachi's Takbeermagazine....Hekmatyar has always been a Pro Pakistani and thats why he never wagd war against Pakistani backed Taliban despite losing power.....so need need to say he is power hungry..--Yahoo 13:12, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Dostum to Hizb-e Wahdat Connection
The article makes reference to "Dostum's Hizb-e Wahdat". However, Dostum was Uzbek and therefore not the leader of Wahdat, which is primarily ethnic Hazara. However, in 1992, as Najibullah's government fell, Dostum defected and formed a coalition with Wahdat and Jamiat.

Prime Minister boxout
He's in twice as being Primer Minister of Afghanistan. Both occasions have the same dates of his tenure, but have different successors/predecessors. I've added a contradiction message Murphykieran 18:19, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Hizb-i Islami
According to the CIA World Fact Book there are several groups who's titles begin with Hizb-i-Islami. None of them mention Hekmatyar. Which one is he affilitated with?

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is a gay, many people in Afghanistan saying this. Wen he was a young boy he used to live with a homosexual feudal in northern Afghanistan. He has many sexual skandals and everybody knows him as a gay. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.212.51.193 (talk) 22:42, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Check this out: http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/indict/2002/02cr892.pdf Hekmatyar and bin Ladin go back a long way. LDH 17:07, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Soviet "Resistance"
The article (especially in the "Early Life" section) still lionizes Hekmatyar's supposed resistance against the Soviet occupation, but in their books Peter Bergen and Steven Coll both accuse Hekmatyar of doing most of his fighting against other Mujahideen (especially Massoud) and generally avoiding battle with the communists. Nomenclaturist 21:05, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Peter Bergen and Steven Coll are biased sources with political agendas. Their "work" should not have been incorporated into the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.205.57.121 (talk) 10:53, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

CIA Support
"It is important to note that the CIA had no official active involvement in allocating funds to individual resistance commanders; the ISI exclusively decided who to provide funds and arms to"

What if this sentence was written this way: "It is important to note that Al Qaeda had no official active involvement in allocating funds to individual resistance commanders; the ISI (Islamic State of Iraq) exclusively decided who to provide funds and arms to"

Basically that line sounds like apologist bs to me. Richard Cane 04:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * "ISI" == Inter-Service Intelligence Directorate -- an organ of the Pakistani Government. It has nothing to do with Iraq.  I have never heard of Iraq being called the ISI.  Geo Swan (talk) 19:10, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Read the second, and possibly third, edition of Politics of Heroin. Its all there. LamontCranston (talk) 04:49, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

cn see talk
The article currently states:
 * 1) B.Eng. 1968
 * 2) ''"However, he started his political life against the Soviet influence and opposed Daud Khan's government and escaped to Pakistan"
 * 3) Founded Hezbi Islami in 1975.

But, Mohammad Daoud Khan's government wasn't overthrown by a Soviet-back communist coup until 1978 -- so what Soviet influence was he against?

Also, the article states he founded schools for both girls and boys. If he supports education for women then how could he be allied to OBL and the Taliban?

Cheers! Geo Swan 13:15, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Daoud was allied with the Parcham faction of the PDPA, and the Soviet Union donated large quantities of military equipment. This was the Soviet influence that was opposed by Hekmatyar and the other islamists.
 * Correct, though the exact circumstances are a bit hazy.
 * As for founding schools: it sounds very unlikely, and without a reference, should be deleted. --Raoulduke47 11:39, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
 * As for founding schools: it sounds very unlikely, and without a reference, should be deleted. --Raoulduke47 11:39, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Check Politics of Heroin, it explains this. Pakistan first backed him starting the early 1970s as a guerrila group against Douds government. Since they already had him on the payrole and had his group all set up when the Soviets invaded, they kept him. LamontCranston (talk) 02:12, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Edits today
"Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is a popular figure as an Afghan Mujahideen or rebel commanders"...

Popular figure? Anyone else thinking this is not very good? Greswik 14:46, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

New developments, May 31, 2008
The Jamestown Foundation: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s Return to the Afghan Insurgency

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UN sanctions
According to the BBC today (4 Feb 2017) the UN have removed him from their terror list, probably connected with the peace deal late last year. This article seems to make no mention of the UN at all, let alone sanctions. Could someone who knows about this person could clarify the UNited Nations stance. Aguyintobooks (talk) 20:17, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

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"Soviet Occupation"
The article should not be referring to any "Soviet Occupation," because iirc the DRA was allied to the USSR and asked for their military assistance to combat the Mujahideen.

"Soviet Occupation" (of Afghanistan) is anti-communist, anglophone propaganda. And the sooner English speakers realize this, the more truthful their histories will be. 2601:5CF:8000:6B60:817B:D04:240C:74E3 (talk) 11:23, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
 * The Soviets liquidated Afghan president Amin Hafizullah Amin (the one they apparently came to "rescue") when they marched in. Does that also qualify as "military assistance"? --Jo1971 (talk) 13:16, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
 * They did it in support for Babrak Karmal, Parcham and the Gang of Four (all Afghan members) that previously tried to assassinate Amin beforehand AfghanParatrooper19891 (talk) 14:12, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

Gulbuddin Sexuality Rumors
In the late 1960s or early 1970s, there was a rumor circulating that Gulbuddin was kicked out of a military school for allegedly kissing a boy, which my grandpa witnessed (he was also in the Royal Afghan Army at the time). Could this rumor be added into the article? AfghanParatrooper19891 (talk) 14:14, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Read WP:V, WP:NOR and WP:NOTGOSSIP. Cambial — foliar❧ 16:10, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
 * That makes sense. Thank you for your reply. I additionally talked to Gulbuddin’s former commander in Khost who claimed it was Republican (1973–1978) propaganda. AfghanParatrooper19891 (talk) 17:54, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar


text:
Talk:Sociable number

November 2003
I am reinstating the example, as a mathematical calculation is not subject to copyright. Okay, I was imprecise with the attribution for the example, giving the impression that it was taken from copyright source. This is the situation as far as I see it:

 * The knowledge that 1264460, 1547860, 1727636, 1305184 are sociable goes back to a H. Cohen, On amicable and sociable numbers, Math. Comp. 24 (1970), pp. 423-429.
 * I used Mathworld as a secondary source for this fact, as it was convenient.
 * It is a mathematical result. Not copyrightable in itself.  (Copyright can apply to expressions of an idea - patents can apply to an algorithm)
 * The working I presented was mine, based on this mathematical result. Mathworld (whose copyright I believe I am respecting) does not present this working.
 * There are plenty of other sources for this result. For example, http://xraysgi.ims.uconn.edu:8080/amicable.html has a list of known sociable numbers http://xraysgi.ims.uconn.edu:8080/sociable.txt

As always, I am prepared to be proven wrong - IANAL (but IAAM). Cheers, AndrewKepert 05:55, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sociable number


text:
Mandy Moore

Amanda Leigh Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She rose to fame with her debut single "Candy", which peaked at number 2 in Australia and number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her debut studio album So Real (1999) received a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The title single from her reissue of So Real, I Wanna Be With You (2000), became Moore's first top thirty song in the US, peaking at 24 on the Hot 100. Moore subsequently released the studio albums Mandy Moore (2001), Coverage (2003), Wild Hope (2007), Amanda Leigh (2009), Silver Landings (2020), and In Real Life (2022). She has sold 10 million albums worldwide.

Moore made her feature film debut in 2001 with a minor voice role in Dr. Dolittle 2, before playing a supporting role in the comedy The Princess Diaries. She received recognition for her starring role in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember (2002). Her subsequent film credits include How to Deal (2003), Chasing Liberty (2004), Saved! (2004), Racing Stripes (2005), Because I Said So (2007), License to Wed (2007), Love, Wedding, Marriage (2011), 47 Meters Down (2017), The Darkest Minds (2018), and Midway (2019). She voiced Rapunzel in the Disney animated musical fantasy film Tangled (2010).

From 2016 to 2022, she starred as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family drama series This Is Us, receiving nominations for a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award. In 2019, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Early life
Moore was born on April 10, 1984, in Nashua, New Hampshire, to Stacy (née Friedman), a former news reporter who once worked for the Orlando Sentinel, and Donald Moore, a pilot for American Airlines. Moore was raised Catholic, but had stopped practicing religion by 2004 and has since developed a "hodgepodge of things" that she believes. Moore is of Russian Jewish, English, Scottish, and Irish descent. She has an older brother, Scott, and a younger brother, Kyle. When Moore was two months old, she and her family moved to Longwood, Florida, outside of Orlando, because of her father's job. From 1998 to 1999, Moore went to the Bishop Moore Catholic High School in Orlando. Moore is the step-sister of actress Carly Craig. Her brothers and mother are gay, and both parents have entered new relationships after their divorce.

1993–1999: Career beginnings
Moore became interested in singing and acting at a young age, and called her British maternal grandmother, Eileen Friedman, a professional ballerina in London, one of her inspirations. Moore said "My parents thought it was just a phase I'd grow out of. But I stuck to it and begged them for acting lessons, for voice lessons."

Moore began acting in lead roles in a number of local productions and performing the national anthem at a number of events in Orlando. She was twelve years old when she went to the Stagedoor Manor performing arts camp. Production director Konnie Kittrell said about Moore "She was a quiet, sweet girl", and said that she earned a number of solos, but "She wasn't a spotlight seeker."

When Moore was thirteen she began working on music. One day while working in an Orlando studio, she was overheard by Victor Cade, a delivery man who had a friend in A&R at Epic Records. Cade sent this friend a copy of Moore's unfinished demo, and Moore signed on with the label.

1999–2000: So Real, MTV, and I Wanna Be with You
After signing with Epic Records, Moore began working on her debut album. While recording the album, Moore had to leave Bishop Moore Catholic High School when she was in the ninth grade and continued receiving her education from tutors. In the summer of 1999, Moore began touring with the boy band NSYNC. Later that year, Moore toured with the boy band Backstreet Boys.

Moore's debut single, "Candy", was released on August 17, 1999, in the U.S. The single was a commercial success in a number of countries, and has been compared to the singles of fellow teen pop singers Jessica Simpson, Christina Aguilera, and Britney Spears. It debuted at number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100, before peaking at number 41 on the chart. The single later received a Gold certification from the RIAA, for sales exceeding 500,000 copies in the U.S. The single was the most successful in Australia, where it peaked at number 2 on the ARIA Charts and received a Platinum certification. Moore began to host and VJ at MTV, contributing to numerous shows including Total Request Live, Say What? Karaoke, and her own talk show which was originally called The Mandy Moore Show before being retitled as Mandy.

Moore's debut studio album, So Real, was released on December 7, 1999, by 550 Music through Epic Records. The album received a limited release in a few countries. It received generally mixed reviews from critics when it was released, and Moore continued to be compared to other teen pop singers. Allmusic said about the album, "Fifteen-year-old Mandy Moore's debut album sounded like it was inspired almost entirely by listening to recent hit albums by 'N Sync, the Backstreet Boys, and Britney Spears." Entertainment Weekly had a similar opinion about the album, and gave it a C− in their review.

The album debuted at number 77 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album eventually continued to climb the chart until it peaked at number 31. It received a Platinum certification from the RIAA, for sales exceeding one million copies in the U.S. alone. The album's second single, "Walk Me Home", was released as the second single from the album. The single did not have the same success of its predecessor, failing to appear on any major charts.

Before promotion for So Real had ended, Moore had begun working on more music. The single "I Wanna Be with You", was released on April 3, 2000. "I Wanna Be with You" spent 16 weeks on the chart and reached its peak of 24 during its ninth week on the chart. The song became her first Top 20 hit on the Billboard Pop Songs chart, where it peaked at number 11. The single became Moore's second Top 20 hit in Australia, where it peaked at number 13. It was a minor success on the German Media Control Charts, where it peaked at number 70. The single received mixed reviews. Billboard praised the song and said, "Top 40 programmers and listeners alike will love Moore more with this track", and Allmusic called the song a highlight track from the album.

A reissue of So Real, titled I Wanna Be with You, was released on May 9, 2000. Marketed as "a new version of Mandy's debut", the album was a compilation of new songs, remixes, and songs from Moore's debut album So Real. Internationally, where the So Real album was not released, I Wanna Be with You served as Moore's debut album, with multiple alternative track listings. The album received generally mixed reviews and was criticized for not being a true follow-up. Allmusic called the album "trashier, flashier, gaudier, and altogether more disposable" than its predecessor So Real. The album was a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number 21 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart. It received a Gold certification from the RIAA, for sales exceeding 500,000 copies in the U.S. alone. Moore won the Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Rising Star for the album in 2000. "Walk Me Home" was re-released in the United States as the second single from I Wanna Be with You and was slightly more successful than its original release, peaking at number 38 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart. The final single from the album, "So Real" was released in selected territories on June 13, 2000. In Australia, the single became her second Top 40 hit, peaking at number 21 on the ARIA Charts. The single peaked at number 18 on the Official New Zealand Music Chart.

2001–2002: Mandy Moore and early acting roles
In 2001, Moore began working on her second studio album, which was said to move away from the bubblegum pop sound and image she became known for. Moore said during an interview with Billboard magazine that "All of the music has started to look and sound the same" and that she chose to move in a different musical direction. Moore said that she wanted to feature more live instruments when performing, saying she wanted "no more dancers, no more singing to tracks. I got tired of that in a big way".

The album's lead single, "In My Pocket", was released on May 29, 2001. Entertainment Weekly said the single had "pumping, Indian-influenced Eurodisco". It failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S., but peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, and it reached number 21 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart. The song became her third Top 20 hit in Australia, where it peaked at number 11 on the ARIA Charts.

Moore's self-titled second studio album, Mandy Moore, was released on June 19, 2001. The album had uptempo dance and pop songs and influences from Middle Eastern music. The album received mixed to average reviews from critics. Allmusic called the album a "lush, layered production". The album debuted and peaked at number 35 on the Billboard 200 chart, and received a Gold certification from the RIAA. The album has sold an estimated 1.5 million copies worldwide. The album reached number 37 on the ARIA charts in Australia, her highest peak in the country to date. The album's second single, "Crush", was released on August 28, 2001; it peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart, and it climbed to number 25 on the ARIA Charts.

Moore made her feature film debut in 2001, where she voiced a Girl Bear Cub in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2, which starred Eddie Murphy. Later that year, Moore co-starred with Anne Hathaway in the comedy The Princess Diaries, based on Meg Cabot's novel of the same name, and was released on August 3, 2001. She played Lana Thomas, the rival of Mia Thermopolis (Hathaway). On her role, Moore told InStyle Magazine, "I'm the crude popular girl who gets ice cream in her face." The film received mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 47% of 113 sampled critics gave the film positive reviews and that it got a rating average of 5.2 out of 10. In the film, Moore performed a cover of Connie Francis's 1958 song "Stupid Cupid" while at a beach party.

In 2002, Moore made her starring debut with Shane West and Peter Coyote in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember, based on Nicholas Sparks's novel of the same name. She played Jamie Sullivan, the unpopular daughter of Reverend Sullivan (Coyote). The film opened at #3 at the U.S. box office raking in $12,177,488 in its opening weekend. The film received generally negative reviews. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised Moore and West's "quietly convincing" performances. It was a modest box office hit, earning $41,281,092 in the U.S., and was a sleeper hit in Asia. The total revenue generated worldwide was $47,494,916. Moore received a number of nominations and awards for her performance in the film. Commenting on the film in 2010, she said: "It was my first movie and I know people say it may be cliché and it's a tearjerker or it's cheesy, but for me, it's the thing I'm most proud of." Moore's self-titled album's third and final single, "Cry", was released on November 4, 2001, to help promote the film.

2003–2006: Coverage and continued acting
In 2003, Moore began working on her third studio album, later revealed to be a cover album called Coverage. The album had covers of 1970s and 1980s songs and was produced by John Fields. Moore's cover of John Hiatt's 1987 song "Have a Little Faith in Me" was released as the album's lead single shortly before the album. The song peaked at number 39 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart but did not enter the Billboard Hot 100. Coverage was released on October 21, 2003, and received generally mixed reviews. Allmusic called the album a "leap to musical maturity," Entertainment Weekly called it an "effort to shed her bubblegum-blond image." The album debuted at number 14 on the Billboard 200 chart, with first week sales of 53,000. This made it Moore's highest debut on the chart and highest-peaking album to date, but was also her lowest-selling and her first album not to be certified by the RIAA. Moore's cover of XTC's 1982 song "Senses Working Overtime" was released as the album's second single and failed to have any chart success. Later that year, Moore's cover of Carole King's 1971 song "I Feel the Earth Move" was included on the compilation album Love Rocks from LGBT rights supporters.

In 2004, Moore left Epic after five years because of creative differences. Moore and the label released her greatest hits album, The Best of Mandy Moore, on November 16, 2004, to end her contract. The album reached number 148 on the Billboard 200. Moore's third compilation album, Candy, was released on April 5, 2005.

In 2003, Moore co-starred with Allison Janney, Peter Gallagher, and Trent Ford in the romantic comedy-drama How to Deal which was based on Sarah Dessen's novels That Summer and Someone like You. She played Halley Martin, a cynical and rebellious seventeen-year-old who deals with falling in love with Macon Forrester (Ford), the new boy at her school and her relationships and issues with her family and friends. The film failed to find teenage audiences in the U.S. and grossed a total of $14 million domestically.

In 2004, Moore co-starred with Matthew Goode in the romantic comedy Chasing Liberty. She played Anna Foster, the rebellious eighteen-year-old "First Daughter" who wants more freedom from the Secret Service. The film grossed approximately $12 million. Both How to Deal and Chasing Liberty received generally negative reviews, respectively; but Ebert singled Moore's performances out again and said in his review of How to Deal that Moore has "an unaffected natural charm" and "almost makes the movie worth seeing," and said in his review of Chasing Liberty that she has "undeniable screen presence and inspires instant affection." Other critics called Moore an "actress of limited range," but one review of Chasing Liberty called her the "most painless of former pop princesses." Late in 2004, Moore co-starred with Jena Malone, Macaulay Culkin and Patrick Fugit in the religion satirical comedy-drama Saved!. She played Hilary Faye Stockard, a proper and popular girl at a Christian high school. The film received generally positive reviews; it did not receive a wide release. Moore's performance was praised, with one critic calling her a "demented delight" and another calling it her best performance to date. She and Michael Stipe covered The Beach Boys' 1966 song "God Only Knows", which bookended the film.

In 2005, Moore co-starred in the sports family comedy-drama Racing Stripes, where she voiced Sandy the white horse, and guest-starred in the HBO comedy-drama Entourage. Moore was originally scheduled to star in the films Cursed, Havoc and The Upside of Anger, which were all eventually released in 2005, but without her involvement in any of them.

In 2006, Moore guest-starred as Julie Quinn in two episodes of the fifth season of the NBC medical sitcom Scrubs, that were the ninth episode "My Half-Acre" and the tenth episode "Her Story II". The same year, she guest-starred in the Fox animated sitcom The Simpsons, where she voiced Tabitha Vixx in the seventeenth-season finale called "Marge and Homer Turn a Couple Play".

Moore co-starred with Hugh Grant, Dennis Quaid and William Dafoe in Paul Weitz's satirical comedy American Dreamz, which was released in April 2006. She played Sally Kendoo, a sociopathic contestant on a singing competition series modelled after American Idol. Weitz said that he had Moore in mind for the role before she was cast, explaining that "there's something inherently sweet about Mandy; it makes it all the more interesting to see her in a villainess role." Moore has said that she enjoys playing mean-spirited characters, but fears being typecast as a villain. The film opened at number nine at the U.S. box office, eventually totaling barely $7 million, and it received generally mixed reviews. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised Moore's and Grant's "wicked barbed chemistry" in their roles, but Robert Koehler of Variety called Moore's role a "pitch-perfect study of a woman for whom a reality show is reality."

Later in 2006, Moore voiced Nita, the heroine of the Disney animated sequel Brother Bear 2, which was released directly to DVD on August 29, 2006. ComingSoon.net praised Moore's "surprisingly good performance". That same year, Moore was originally cast in Emilio Estevez's drama Bobby, but was replaced by Mary Elizabeth Winstead.

2007–2009: Wild Hope and Amanda Leigh
In early 2006, Moore said that she missed her music career and that singing is what she was the "most passionate about". In 2004, Moore signed with Sire Records after her contract with Epic ended, but she left the label in May 2006 because of creative differences. She signed with The Firm Music, owned by EMI, in July that year, calling her recording contract "especially exciting", and saying that she left Sire because she did not want to "follow the mainstream", but rather have "complete control and freedom" over her music.

Moore co-starred with Diane Keaton, Gabriel Macht and Tom Everett Scott in the romantic comedy Because I Said So. The film was released on February 2, 2007, and received mixed to negative reviews, but was a financial success, earning over $69 million worldwide at the box office. Later that year, Moore co-starred with John Krasinski and Robin Williams in the romantic comedy License to Wed which was released on July 3, 2007. The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews but was a financial success, grossing $43.8 million domestically and $69.3 million worldwide. Variety called the film "an astonishingly flat romantic comedy, filled with perplexing choices", but called Moore's performance "appealing".

On September 24, 2007, Moore guest-starred in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother in the third-season premiere episode "Wait for It". Later that year, she co-starred with Billy Crudup, Tom Wilkinson and Dianne Wiest in the romantic comedy Dedication. She played Lucy Reilly, a struggling children's book illustrator who falls in love with Henry Roth (Crudup). The film premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival and received mixed to positive reviews from critics.

Moore's fourth studio album Wild Hope was released on June 19, 2007, and Moore collaborated with record producer John Alagía and a number of musicians on it, including Chantal Kreviazuk, Lori McKenna, Rachael Yamagata and The Weepies. Moore stayed alone in a house in Woodstock in Upstate New York while recording the album in late 2006. Moore performed the album's lead single "Extraordinary" at the Brick Awards on April 12, 2007, and launched a tour in the summer of 2007.

The album received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Billboard said that "Wild Hope is the gratifying sound of a singer finally finding her comfort zone. Gone is the sugary pop of Moore's early career, replaced instead by thoughtful musings on love and life…an album full of subtle, but undeniable hooks." The album debuted on the U.S. Billboard 200 at #30, selling 25,000 copies the first week of its release, according to Billboard. The album also reached No. 9 on The Top Internet albums. To date, the album has sold over 120,000 copies in the U.S. and more than 350,000 copies worldwide. On February 23, 2008, Moore released the album in Australia, and subsequently toured with musician Ben Lee and the West Australian Symphony Orchestra in Western Australia, supporting inaugural American Idol winner Kelly Clarkson on her tour.

Moore began working on her fifth studio album Amanda Leigh in 2008. Recording sessions for the album took place around December 2008 in Boston, Massachusetts with singer-songwriter, record producer, pianist, and guitarist Mike Viola. The album's lead single "I Could Break Your Heart Any Day of the Week" was released on March 17, 2009, and its music video premiered on April 20, 2009, on Yahoo! Music. The single failed to have an impact on any major charts.

Amanda Leigh was released on May 26, 2009. On the album, Moore said, "The music is all a reflection of me now, not somebody else's choices." To promote the release, Moore visited a number of talk shows, performing "I Could Break Your Heart Any Day of the Week" on shows including The Ellen DeGeneres Show and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. On May 26, 2009, she performed songs from the album at Amoeba Music in Hollywood. The album received generally positive reviews. Time magazine called the album "impeccably recorded". An article on the album by Paper magazine said, "Mandy (in the album)... shows real thoughtful and emotional depth." Paper finished by saying that "Moore is a far better musician than she's often given credit for." It debuted at number 25 on the Billboard 200, selling 16,000 copies in the U.S. during the week of its release, and at number 4 on the Top Independent albums chart. To date, the album has sold an estimated 100,000 copies. The album was recorded just prior to Moore's marriage to musician Ryan Adams and was her final album for over ten years.

2010–2015: Tangled and further acting
After a break of almost two years from film roles, Moore co-starred with Martin Freeman in the romantic comedy Swinging with the Finkels. The film was shot in the United Kingdom in 2009 and was released in 2011. Moore co-starred with Kellan Lutz in the romantic comedy Love, Wedding, Marriage. The film was shot in 2010 and released in 2011. In 2010, Moore made a guest-starring appearance as Mary Portman in the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy, for the two-part sixth-season finale, her first television role since 2007. She returned to the show for two episodes of the seventh season.

Also that year, Moore co-starred with Zachary Levi where she voiced Rapunzel in the CGI Disney animated fantasy musical comedy Tangled. The film received generally positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 89% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 185 reviews, with an average score of 7.5/10. The site's consensus read: "While far from Disney's greatest film, Tangled is a visually stunning, thoroughly entertaining addition to the studio's classic animated canon." Another review aggregator Metacritic, which assigned a weighted average score from 0–100 out of reviews from mainstream film critics, calculated a score of 71 based on 34 reviews. CinemaScore polled conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave the film was an "A+" on an A+ to F scale. It earned $200,821,936 in North America, and $389,900,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $590,721,936. Worldwide, it is the 17th-highest-grossing animated film, the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2010, and the third-highest-grossing 2010 animated film, behind Toy Story 3 and Shrek Forever After. It is also the third Disney film appearing in the Top 10 films of 2010. It was the third-highest-grossing film worldwide produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind Frozen (2013) and The Lion King (1994), as of 2011. Moore and Levi performed the film's theme song, "I See the Light", at the 83rd Academy Awards, where it was nominated for Best Original Song. The song also won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written For Visual Media as well as Best Song at the Las Vegas Film Critics Society. In October 2011, it was announced that she was set to star in an ABC sitcom called Us and Them, but the pilot was eventually passed by the network. In 2012, she co-starred with Carla Gugino and Rufus Sewell in Sebastian Gutierrez's crime drama Hotel Noir, which was released on October 9, 2012, in the U.S. From 2012 to 2013, Moore voiced Mara in the short-lived Disney XD animated science fiction series Tron: Uprising. She voiced the title character in the Disney Junior animated series Sheriff Callie's Wild West from 2014 to 2015.

In July 2012, Moore announced that she would be collaborating with her then-husband, musician Ryan Adams, on her upcoming sixth studio album. She said: "There's a lot to say and a lot that's happened to me in the last three or so years since the last record's come out, so I have been writing a lot and it's definitely going to be an intense, emotional record. I'm excited about it. I'm excited to get into the studio and start recording." On February 20, 2013, it was announced Moore would be starring as Louise in the ABC sitcom Pulling, based on the British sitcom of the same name. The pilot was written by Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky, but in March, as the pilot came closer to production, Moore's character was moved in a different direction and Moore considered herself to no longer be the right fit for the role. Moore asked to leave the pilot and ABC agreed to it. In a July 2014 interview with CBS News, Moore said that 2014 was "the year of actual progress forward" on her sixth album and said it was more "dangerous" and "raw" than her previous albums, and said that she hoped to start recording the album in Adams's studio later in the summer. On September 5, 2014, she appeared on two tracks on Adams's self-titled fourteenth album, Ryan Adams. From 2014 to 2015, Moore had a recurring role as Dr. Erin Grace in the short-lived Fox medical comedy-drama Red Band Society.

In June 2015, it was confirmed that Moore and Levi would reprise their roles as Rapunzel and Eugene "Flynn Rider" Fitzherbert in an animated television series based on Tangled. The series, Tangled: The Series, set between Tangled and Tangled Ever After, premiered on the Disney Channel in 2017. Moore co-starred with Claire Holt in the underwater survival thriller 47 Meters Down. Filming began at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom and Dominican Republic on June 18, 2015, and finished on August 7, 2015. The film was released on June 16, 2017.

In September 2015, Moore said that she was continuing to work on her sixth album. "I've been working on music steadily for the last couple of years," she explained. "I guess 2016 will be the re-emergence of my music. That side of my life has been dormant for too long in my opinion."

2016–present: This Is Us, awards recognition, and albums Silver Landings and In Real Life
In September 2016, Moore began co-starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama This Is Us, where she later received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her role. In July 2017, Moore announced her intentions to return to music in an interview with People. She said, "I want to return to music" and that "I don't have a record label, but I have a lot of music written. Next year, I've decided I'm putting it out there!" In July 2018, she also said on Jimmy Kimmel Live! that she might collaborate with her now husband, musician Taylor Goldsmith, Dawes' lead singer and guitarist, on her new music. In August 2018, Moore co-starred with Amandla Stenberg and Patrick Gibson in the dystopian science-fiction thriller The Darkest Minds. In November, she reprised her role as Rapunzel in the Disney CGI animated comedy Ralph Breaks the Internet with John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Gal Gadot, Taraji P. Henson, Kristen Bell and Jane Lynch. The film grossed almost $500 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics, who called it a "worthy successor" and praised the animation, humor, characters, plot and the vocal performances of Reilly and Silverman. The film received a Best Animated Feature nomination at the 76th Golden Globe Awards and 24th Critics' Choice Awards.

In February 2019, Moore co-starred with Justin Bartha, Barbara Jacques and Paul Lieberstein in the short comedic action film The Big Break. In March, she co-starred with J.K. Simmons, Sebastian Stan, Max Greenfield and Maika Monroe in the drama I'm Not Here and voiced Courtney in the Fox animated sitcom Family Guy, in the season 17 episode "No Giggity, No Doubt". On March 25, 2019, Moore received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. On September 17, 2019, Moore released her first original song in over a decade, the single "When I Wasn't Watching", with an accompanying music video; this was followed by the single "I'd Rather Lose" on October 31. In November, she co-starred in the independent historical drama Midway with Ed Skrein, Patrick Wilson, Luke Evans, Aaron Eckhart, Nick Jonas, Dennis Quaid, and Woody Harrelson.

On March 6, 2020, Moore released her sixth studio album Silver Landings via Verve Forecast Records. She said regarding her decision to sign with Verve Forecast in late 2019, "I had slight PTSD from being on labels in the past ... but Verve truly feels like it's run by a bunch of deeply creative people who aren't necessarily just concerned with the numbers game". The album was preceded by the single "Save a Little for Yourself" with an accompanying music video.

On May 13, 2022, Moore released her seventh studio album, In Real Life. The album was preceded by the release of the single of the same name on March 8. It was accompanied by a cameo-laden music video which featured many of her This Is Us co-stars in addition to Wilmer Valderrama, Hilary Duff, Matthew Koma, Amanda Kloots, and Karamo Brown, among others. On April 5, Moore released her second single off the album, "Little Dreams".

Musical style and influences
When Moore's musical career began in 1999, she was known for her bubblegum pop sound and image. In 2006, Moore talked about her early albums, saying she believed her debut album So Real was appropriate for her age at their time of release, but that she "would give a refund to everyone who bought [her] first two albums" if she could. During a radio interview in April 2006, the show's co-host—who had seen Moore's comments—asked her for a refund on her debut album, which she fulfilled. Moore has since said that she has become more comfortable with her older music, and that she has found new ways to present her more bubblegum-friendly songs with contemporary musical arrangements.

Moore has often been praised by music critics for branching off and writing her own music. Billboard said, "She has successfully dropped all the tacky accoutrements of her past and turned into a sweet, classy singer-songwriter whose charms are readily apparent". AllMusic said, "Moore smoothly evolved from adolescent starlet to mature songwriter, continuing to distance herself from the scene that had launched her career one decade prior".

Moore has said that she was inspired by film and television as a child. In 2012, she stated that her then-husband, musician Ryan Adams, had a huge influence on her music and introduced her to heavy metal.

Philanthropy
Moore advocates "giving with your head", endorsing the philosophy of effective altruism. Moore has worked with and highlighted nonprofit organization Population Services International (PSI), and its subsidiary, Five & Alive, which addresses health crises facing children under the age of five and their families. Moore has served as the Honorary Chairperson of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society's division on awareness for youth. She served as a spokesperson by helping young people be aware of the seriousness of leukemia and lymphoma. She also serves as the spokesperson for Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, held every January. In addition, to increase cervical cancer awareness, Moore collaborated with Dr. Yvonne Collins, The Gynecologic Cancer Foundation (GCF), and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Moore made a surprise visit at Children's Hospital Los Angeles as a part of Get Well Soon Tour.

Moore is the ambassador for the UN Foundation's Nothing But Nets malaria prevention campaign. As a part of the Nothing But Nets campaign Moore interviewed Laurence D. Wohlers, United States Ambassador to the Central African Republic, in 2010 and helped the campaign raise $1.2 million. Moore is also the spokesperson for Dove's self-esteem movement and the "Women who should be famous" campaign. Moore also teamed up with Indrani Goradia, a domestic violence survivor and founder of Indrani's Light Foundation, along with Mom Bloggers Club, to help raise awareness and campaign against domestic violence.

Politics
In July 2016, Moore appeared on an a cappella version of Rachel Platten's song "Fight Song" along with several other celebrities for the 2016 Democratic National Convention for Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful second bid at the presidency.

Moore was one of the demonstrators at the Los Angeles 2017 Women's March held on January 21, 2017.

On January 13, 2020, Moore officially endorsed Pete Buttigieg for President of the United States prior to the Iowa caucuses. Moore also uses her social media platforms to support criminal justice reform and Black Lives Matter.

Fashion
Moore's fashion career began in 2005 with her own fashion line called Mblem. That was a brand of contemporary knitwear and cashmere. One of her foci was to sell clothing for taller women; Moore herself is 5 ft. In February 2009, Moore announced that the line would be discontinued, but that she hoped to return to her fashion career under different circumstances in the future.

Personal life
Moore dated former Scrubs star Zach Braff from 2004 to 2006.

In 2008, Moore began dating former Whiskeytown frontman Ryan Adams. They became engaged in February 2009 and married on March 10, 2009, in Savannah, Georgia. In January 2015, Moore filed for divorce from Adams while he was in New York, citing "irreconcilable differences". Moore and Adams later released a joint statement explaining their decision, calling it a "respectful, amicable parting of ways", but in 2019, she called him emotionally abusive. Court documents obtained later revealed that they had been legally separated for nearly six months before the filing. The divorce was finalized in June 2016.

In 2015, Moore began dating Dawes frontman Taylor Goldsmith. They were engaged in September 2017 and married on November 18, 2018, in Los Angeles, California. They have two sons: born in February 2021 and October 2022. On May 31, 2024, she shared on Instagram that they are expecting their third child, a daughter.

In 2019, accompanied by friends and fellow hikers, Moore reached the Everest base camp, which has an elevation of 17,598 ft.

In August 2022, Moore was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, an autoimmune disease that causes abnormally low levels of platelets.

Discography
Studio albums
 * So Real (1999)
 * Mandy Moore (2001)
 * Coverage (2003)
 * Wild Hope (2007)
 * Amanda Leigh (2009)
 * Silver Landings (2020)
 * In Real Life (2022)

Headlining

 * In Real Life Tour (2022)

Co-headlining

 * Paula Cole and Mandy Moore in Concert (2007)

Opening act

 * NSYNC in Concert (1999)
 * Into the Millennium Tour (2000)
 * My December Tour (2008)
 * Identified Summer Tour (2008)

Awards and honors
In 2012, Moore was ranked number 96 on VH1's list of "100 Greatest Women in Music" as well as number 63 on their "Sexiest Artists of All Time List".

She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. As a part of the ensemble cast of This Is Us, she received two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.

On March 25, 2019, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In June 2024, Moore received the inaugural Lifetime of Culture Award at the Las Culturistas Culture Awards.

title: Mandy Moore


text:
Ashikaga clan

The Ashikaga clan (足利氏) was a Japanese samurai clan and dynasty which established the Ashikaga shogunate and ruled Japan from roughly 1333 to 1573. The Ashikaga were descended from a branch of the Minamoto clan, deriving originally from the town of Ashikaga in Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture).

For about a century, the clan was divided in two rival branches, the Kantō Ashikaga, who ruled from Kamakura, and the Kyōto Ashikaga, rulers of Japan. The rivalry ended with the defeat of the first in 1439. The clan had many notable branch clans, including the Hosokawa, Imagawa, Hatakeyama (after 1205), Kira, Shiba, and Hachisuka clans. After the head family of the Minamoto clan died out during the early Kamakura period, the Ashikaga came to style themselves as the head of the Minamoto, co-opting the prestige which came with that name.

Another Ashikaga clan, not related by blood, and derived instead from the Fujiwara clan, also existed.

History
Emperor Go-Daigo (1288–1339) destroyed the Kamakura shogunate in 1333, but was unable to control the unrest produced. The emperor's inefficient rule led to one of his greatest generals, Ashikaga Takauji (1305–1358), to betray him in 1335. This established the Northern Court, named after its location in Kyoto, which was north of Go-Daigo's court. The conflict between Go-Daigo and the Ashikaga clan is known as the Northern and Southern Courts disturbance (南北朝の動乱). In 1392, the Southern Court surrendered to the third shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358–1408).

Notable Shōguns
The Ashikaga clan had 15 Shōguns from 1333 to 1573. Some were more powerful or prominent than others. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was the third shogun of the Ashikaga clan. He made the Ashikaga Shogunate strong and stable. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was responsible for the defeat of the Southern Court in 1392. Known for his patronage of the arts, he constructed the Kinkaku-ji in 1397. Yoshimitsu also expanded foreign relations with Ming China. Yoshimitsu sent an embassy to Ming Dynasty China in 1401, headed by priest Soa and Hakata merchant Koetomi. They brought with them a conciliatory memorial to the emperor, and numerous gifts including horses, fans, gold, screens, paper, swords, armor, and inkstone cases. The mission was successful, and returned to Japan the following year. A Ming envoy returned alongside Soa and Koetomi, and presented Yoshimitsu with an official imperial Chinese calendar, and documents officially recognizing (or investing) him as "King of Japan."

After the death of Yoshimitsu, the Ashikaga Shogunate lost power and influence. In 1429, Ashikaga Yoshinori, the sixth shogun, adapted Yoshimitsu's policies in order to strengthen the power of the Shogunate. He wanted to increase military power but faced opposition. His 12-year reign saw the restoration of diplomatic ties and trade between Japan and China that had been the fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi's undertaking.

Ashikaga Yoshiaki was the 15th and last Shogun. He came into power in 1568 with the help of the general Oda Nobunaga. After rivalry emerged between the two, Nobunaga defeated Yoshiaki and banished him from Kyoto. This effectively ended the rule of the Ashikaga clan in 1573.

Clan heads
1. Ashikaga Yoshiyasu 2. Ashikaga Yoshikane 3. Ashikaga Yoshiuji 4. Ashikaga Yasuuji

5. Ashikaga Yoriuji 6. Ashikaga Ietoki 7. Ashikaga Sadauji 8. Ashikaga Takauji

Shōguns
1. Ashikaga Takauji 2. Ashikaga Yoshiakira 3. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 4. Ashikaga Yoshimochi 5. Ashikaga Yoshikazu 6. Ashikaga Yoshinori 7. Ashikaga Yoshikatsu 8. Ashikaga Yoshimasa

9. Ashikaga Yoshihisa 10. Ashikaga Yoshitane 11. Ashikaga Yoshizumi 12. Ashikaga Yoshiharu 13. Ashikaga Yoshiteru 14. Ashikaga Yoshihide 15 Ashikaga Yoshiaki

Notable

 * Ashikaga Chachamaru
 * Ashikaga Masatomo
 * Ashikaga Mitsukane
 * Ashikaga Mochiuji
 * Ashikaga Motouji
 * Ashikaga Satouji
 * Ashikaga Shigeuji
 * Ashikaga Tadafuyu
 * Ashikaga Tadayoshi
 * Ashikaga Tadatsuna
 * Ashikaga Ujimitsu
 * Ashikaga Yoshimi

title: Ashikaga clan


text:
Talk:Swing (dance)

Untitled
This statement:"The best known of these dances is the Lindy Hop," although supportable through references, still gives an inaccurate impression. Due to the relative difficulty of Lindy Hop to East Coast Swing it will never be the most commonly done swing dance and therefore calling it the best known is misleading. Surely the best known dance is the one that the most people know how to do rather than the one that most people have heard of?Slipandslide (talk) 19:14, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

Cajun swing
Although the regular swing dancing communities don't know about it, Cajun music has it's own version of the swing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.173.142.15 (talk) 23:22, 2 June 2014 (UTC)

International style jive
The text describes this as "in which the performers look to be hopping off the ground". This is an editor's invention, not a proper description. The dance is mostly done on the balls of the feet. International style jive is described in any basic ballroom dancing textbook, and is danced with the latin dances in international competitions. The technique books describe it as 42/44 bars per minute, or 40-46 bars per minute, and the sources respectively are Laird, Walter 1988. Technique of Latin dancing, and The revised technique of Latin American dancing. Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing 1993..Macdonald-ross (talk) 09:36, 14 August 2021 (UTC)

 * This article has long been a mess, so go ahead and improve it! - DavidWBrooks (talk) 15:07, 14 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swing (dance)


text:
Talk:Latin dance

List of dances
Removed this paragraph from List of dances in order to make it a simple alphabetical list of dances. This text directly lifted from the other article and is the basis for this new article. The part of the text which is a list of dances remains in List of dances. The accompanying text has been removed. :Sfdan 06:05, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Sure Ysohia (talk) 14:44, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

Portal:Dance
Please have a look at Portal:Dance --Roland2 09:42, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Spanish
I think there should be a traduction to Spanish because that is basically what the article is about. Ysohia (talk) 14:44, 28 July 2020 (UTC)
 * (a) This article isn't about a language. (b) English speakers are interested in subjects from all over the world. (c) Articles in Spanish are on Spanish Wikipedia. Largoplazo (talk) 15:41, 28 July 2020 (UTC)

Latin Dance
The category of Latin dances in the international dancesport competitions consists of the cha-cha-cha, rumba, samba, paso doble, and also the jive of United States origin.[1][2]

Social Latin dances (Street Latin) include salsa, mambo, merengue, rumba, bachata, bomba and plena. There are many dances which were popular in the first part of the 20th century, but which are now of only historical interest. The Cuban danzón is a good example.[3]

Perreo is a Puerto Rican dance associated with reggaeton music with Jamaican and Caribbean influences. Argentinian folk dances are chacarera, escondido and zamba, also tango used to be a popular dance until the mid-20th century. Cueca is Chilean folk dance. Uruguayan folk dances are pericón, polka, ranchera, etc, also candombe is a common street and parade dance in the cities. Typical Bolivian folk dances are the morenada, kullawada, caporales and the recently created tinku. In Colombia, one of the typical dances is the cumbia.[4][5] 119.93.207.12 (talk) 00:18, 10 November 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: SSC199 TY4
— Assignment last updated by Alanag2004 (talk) 13:36, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: SSC199 TY2
— Assignment last updated by Rezwanas (talk) 18:36, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:09, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Latin Dance.jpg

title: Talk:Latin dance


text:
Minamoto (surname)

Minamoto (源) is an ancient and noble Japanese family name that is mostly known for its history as a powerful clan during the Heian period.

The name itself is not common today as most of the descendant families have taken other surnames, usually from their places of residence.

Historical figures

 * Minamoto no Makoto (源 信), seventh son of the Japanese Emperor Saga
 * Minamoto no Tōru (源 融), Japanese poet and statesman, son of Emperor Saga of Japan
 * Minamoto no Yoshiari (源 能有), Japanese court official during the Heian period and son of Emperor Montoku of Japan
 * Minamoto no Muneyuki (源 宗于), early Heian waka poet and Japanese nobleman, also known as Minamoto no Muneyuki Ason (源宗于朝臣)
 * Minamoto no Hitoshi (源 等), Japanese waka poet of the mid-Heian period
 * Minamoto no Kintada (源 公忠), middle Heian waka poet and Japanese nobleman, also known as Miyamoto no Kintada Ason (源公忠朝臣)
 * Minamoto no Korezane (源 維城), birth name of Emperor Daigo of Japan until 887
 * Minamoto no Chikako (源 周子), court attendant (Koui) of Emperor Daigo of Japan
 * Minamoto no Saneakira (源 信明), middle Heian waka poet and Japanese nobleman
 * Minamoto no Kanemasa (源 兼昌), waka poet and Japanese nobleman active in the Heian period
 * Minamoto no Shitagō (源 順), Japanese mid Heian waka poet, scholar and nobleman, descendant of Emperor Saga of Japan
 * Minamoto no Hiromasa (源 博雅), Japanese nobleman and gagaku musician in the Heian period
 * Minamoto no Shigeyuki (源 重之), early Heian waka poet and Japanese nobleman
 * Minamoto no Takakuni (源 隆国), Japanese noble and a scholar of ancient Japan, also known as Uji Dainagon (宇治大納言)
 * Minamoto no Tsunemoto (源 経基), Japanese samurai and Imperial Prince during Heian period
 * Minamoto no Mitsunaka (源 満仲), Japanese samurai and court official of the Heian period
 * Minamoto no Yorimitsu (源 頼光), Japanese samurai served the regents of the Fujiwara clan along with his brother Yorinobu
 * Minamoto no Yorinobu (源 頼信), Japanese samurai commander and member of the powerful Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Tsuna (源 綱), Japanese samurai, companion of Minamoto no Yorimitsu, also known as Watanabe no Tsuna
 * Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (源 頼義), Japanese samurai lord and the Chinjufu-shōgun head of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Yorimasa (源 頼政), prominent Japanese poet whose works appeared in various anthologies
 * Minamoto no Shunrai (源 俊頼), important and innovative Japanese poet, who compiled the Gosen Wakashū
 * Minamoto no Tsunenobu (源 経信), Japanese nobleman and waka poet in the Heian period
 * Minamoto no Nakatsuna (源 仲綱), Japanese samurai in the Battle of Uji in 1180 during that part of Genpei War
 * Minamoto no Kanetsuna (源 兼綱), Japanese samurai in the Battle of Uji in 1180 during that part of Genpei War
 * Minamoto no Yoshiie (源 義家), Japanese samurai and the Chinjufu-shōgun head of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Yoshitsuna (源 義綱), Japanese samurai of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Tameyoshi (源 為義), Japanese samurai and head of the Minamoto clan during his lifetime
 * Minamoto no Yoshimitsu (源 義光), Japanese samurai lord during the Heian period
 * Minamoto no Yoshikiyo (源 義清), Japanese samurai warlord of the late Heian period, founder of the Takeda Clan (武田氏) of Japan
 * Minamoto no Yoshikuni (源 義国), Japanese samurai who first implored the spirit of the Iwashimizu Shrine
 * Minamoto no Yoshishige (源 義重), Japanese progenitor of the Nitta branch family of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Yoshiyasu (源 義康), Japanese samurai, founder of the Ashikaga clan of Japan (also known as Ashikaga Yoshiyasu (足利 義康))
 * Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源 義朝), Japanese general of the late Heian period and head of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Tametomo (源 為朝), Japanese samurai who fought in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156
 * Minamoto no Yukiie (源 行家), brother of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and commanders in the Genpei War
 * Minamoto no Yoshinaka (源 義仲), Japanese samurai lord in the late Heian period
 * Minamoto no Yoshihira (源 義平), Japanese samurai of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Tomonaga (源 朝長), Japanese samurai of the Minamoto clan of the late Heian period
 * Minamoto no Yoritomo (源 頼朝), Japanese samurai, founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan
 * Minamoto no Noriyori (源 範頼), Japanese general during late Heian period of the Minamoto clan
 * Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源 義経), Japanese commander of the Minamoto clan in the late Heian and early Kamakura periods
 * Minamoto no Mochimitsu (源 以光), son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan, also known as Prince Mochihito
 * Minamoto no Mitsuyuki (源 光行), Japanese governor in Kawachi province
 * Minamoto no Ienaga (源 家長), waka poet and Japanese nobleman active in the early Kamakura period
 * Minamoto no Michitomo (源 通具), waka poet and Japanese nobleman active in the early Kamakura period
 * Minamoto no Sanetomo (源 実朝), third shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan
 * Minamoto no Ichiman (源 一幡), eldest son of the 2nd Kamakura shōgun Minamoto no Yoriie
 * Minamoto no Yoshinari (源 頼暁), second son of 2nd Kamakura shōgun Minamoto no Yoriie, also known as the priest Kugyō (公暁)
 * Minamoto no Chikako (源 親子), daughter of Kitabatake Morochika, and Imperial consort to Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan

Modern era

 * Minamoto Yoko (源 洋子), Japanese sport shooter
 * Minamoto Sumika (源 純夏), Japanese freestyle swimmer

Fictional characters

 * Minamoto Kō (源 光), in Japanese manga Toilet-Bound Hanako-kun
 * Minamoto Kouji (源 輝二), in anime television series Digimon Frontier
 * Minamoto Raikou (源 頼光), in Japanese manga Tactics
 * Minamoto Tadakatsu (源 忠勝), in the visual novel Maji de Watashi ni Koi Shinasai!
 * Minamoto Sakura (源 さくら), in anime television series Zombie Land Saga
 * Minamoto Shizuka (源 静香), in Japanese manga and anime Doraemon

Others

 * Minamoto clan, the most powerful and most important clan of all four great clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian, Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods in Japanese history.

title: Minamoto (surname)


text:
Latin dance

Latin dance is a general label, and a term in partner dance competition jargon. It refers to types of ballroom dance and folk dance that mainly originated in Latin America, though a few styles originated elsewhere.

The category of Latin dances in the international dancesport competitions consists of the Cha-cha-cha, Rumba, Samba, Paso Doble, and Jive.

Social Latin dances (Street Latin) include salsa, mambo, merengue, rumba, bachata, bomba and plena. There are many dances which were popular in the first part of the 20th century, but which are now of only historical interest. The Cuban danzón is a good example.

Perreo is a Puerto Rican dance associated with reggaeton music with Jamaican and Caribbean influences. Argentinian folk dances are chacarera, escondido and zamba, also tango used to be a popular dance until the mid-20th century. Cueca is Chilean folk dance. Uruguayan folk dances are pericón, polka, ranchera, etc, also candombe is a common street and parade dance in the cities. Typical Bolivian folk dances are the morenada, kullawada, caporales and the recently created tinku. In Colombia, one of the typical dances is the cumbia.

Origin
Latin dance draws from indigenous American, Iberian, and West African influences. The earliest native roots for Latin dance came from the Aztecs, Guarani, Aymara, Incas and Tehuelches among others. When sixteenth-century seagoing explorers returned home to Portugal and Spain, they brought along tales of the native peoples. According to Rachel Hanson, no one knows how long these dance traditions were established, but they were already being developed and ritualized when they were observed by the Europeans. This suggests that these Native influences became the foundation for Latin dancing. Indigenous dance often told stories of everyday activities such as hunting, agriculture, or astronomy. When European settlers and conquistadors began to colonize South America in the early sixteenth century, they reinvented the local dance traditions, but still kept the styles of the natives. Catholic settlers merged the native culture with their own and incorporated catholic saints and stories to the dance. The Europeans were captivated by the highly structured, large member dance working together in a precise manner.

After the Europeans brought home the Aztec/Inca influences in the sixteenth century, they incorporated their own styles to the dance. Since the Aztec/Inca dances were performed in a group, many of the European dances were performed by a male and female. This was a new practice because European dances prohibited male and female dance partners from touching each other. The benefits of such a dance style allowed musical appreciation and social integration, which became the form of Latin dance. However, “much of the storytelling element disappeared from the genre as the focus moved toward the rhythm and steps,” Hanson explains. The movement evolved differently because it brought a certain element of daintiness to the Aztec dances since the steps were smaller and the movements were less forceful. Combining African styles along with the Native and European influences is what truly makes Latin possible.

The movement and rhythms of African influences left a permanent mark in Latin dance. When the African slaves were forced to Europe in the 1500s, their culture brought styles such as basic, simple movements (putting emphasis on the upper body, torso, or feet) and intricate movements like the coordination of different body parts and complex actions such as “fast rotation, ripples of the body, and contraction and release, as well as variations in dynamics, levels, and use of space.” The difference between the African and European styles was that it included bent knees and a downward focus (grounded to the earth) rather than a straight-backed upward focus like the Europeans, and whole-foot steps than toes and heels. These influences from African roots have allowed Latin dance to become what it is today.

Development
Latin dance is a perfect mix of various dance styles from cultures around the world, creating a dance style encompassing this new age of Latin culture. Influences deriving from West African, African American, and European dance styles were all comprised in the making of many of these latin dances such as: Salsa, Mambo, Merengue, Rumba, Cha Cha Cha, Bachata, and Samba. Not only has these cultures shaped this style of dance, but as well in the music made in Latin America. Music became the engine for Latin dancing because it guided the dance steps with its measure, speed, and the feeling it evoked, from energetic to sensual. Many of these beats come from European folk music, West African beats, and African American Jazz. Various Latin American regions developed independent styles, and from each genre, or combination of styles, a different genre was born. For example, the Mambo which was created in the 1940s emerged through the combination of American swing and Cuban Son music. Another example is the Romani and Egyptian cultural dance of belly dancing, which has traveled its way to Spain and gained its influence in the repertoire of the latin dance known as flamenco due to the Moorish conquest of Iberia (Spain) in the Eighth-Century. Though Latin dance is a social dance that can be seen in Quinceañeras, parties, and in any social gathering there is no required cultural clothing required for these style of dancing. On the other hand, in the dance sport competition world of "latin dance" each categories in Latin dance has its own unique styled costumes along with it. From short rimmed dresses, fringe hems, a skirt or dress, braided hems, and boa feathers and flowers can be seen throughout each costume designs.

The modernization of Latin dance
Following the music, movement history, and the rhythms, Latin dance evolved over time and individual steps slowly shifted the repertoire of each dance. It has several different forms and many modernized styles which creates a problem because it is shifting away from its Native, European, and African roots. A popular aerobic dance class known as Zumba is said to be influenced by Latin rhythm and steps. However, there are disagreements among Latin dancers about whether Zumba is a true Latin dance.

title: Latin dance