text:
Talk:Lionel Groulx

Other sources
The REVUE D'HISTOIRE DE L'AMÉRIQUE FRANÇAISE has a very interesting Web site: http://www.cam.org/~ihaf/rhaf.html

It is very good for understanding how scholarly this publication is, if you do not happen tp have the publication at hand.

However, URLs are so fickle that I would not want to place a link within the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.230.45.61 (talk • contribs)

Antisemitism
This article has been changed rather fundamentally several times with respect to Mr. Groulx and charges of antisemitism. However, it hasn't been discussed here on the talk page.

I dislike the rather one-sided and apologetic nature of the article as it presently stands. To paraphrase: ''you can't really call him an antisemite because he wasn't nearly as antisemitic as others -- and besides, everybody was a bigot back then -- so only misguided revisionists would accuse him of antisemitism. Besides, he was only antisemitic sometimes.'' At one point, the article was slanted the other way -- but it did actually cite sources back then. This is a step backward.

The article should name sources for assertions and fairly represent both sides of the debate. Cleduc 19:27, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree with this comment.

It was inter alia Groulx who was responsible for Canada's failure to accept Jewish refugees from the Holocaust. Canada, the second largest country in the world, accepted the least number of Jewish refugees fleeing certain death in Europe; for the sole reason that they were born Jews. (See: Abella and Troper's None is Too Many).

Quebec was, and is, saturated with antisemitism, it is indeed telling that he is so widely commemorated therein (A major Montreal subway is named after him, a University of Montreal building, and a mountain range, and many, many more.) The tie-in to refugees from the Holocaust is an essential point missing from the article. It shows that antisemitism has consequences; and in this case, the mass-murder of an entire people. --Lance6968 20:17, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

I have to agree with Cleduc. There's no question that some discussion of the anti-Semitism issue is relevant and notable to Groulx's article, but I agree that it should be properly sourced and should represent both sides of the debate honestly. Bearcat 06:38, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

I have re-instated previous contributor's contributions to this article. As is clear from the edit history of this article, there has been an effort to downplay, eliminate, or otherwise justify Groulx's antisemitism: i.e., his pathological hatred of Jews and Judaism.

Unfortunately, there has been an attempt to white-wash Groulx in French Canadian society rather than honestly dealing with its past; and this white-washing is further evidence, sadly, of how little has changed in French Quebec. --Lance talk 21:47, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It's also the case that a significant sector of the English Canadian media has a vested interest in depicting Quebec society as uniquely racist, while simultaneously whitewashing the substantial evidence of similar racism in English Canada. I mean, yeah, Groulx said and did some really problematic stuff, but so did a lot of English Canadian figures of his era — and the Canadian media isn't nearly as interested in uncovering anglo-Canuck racism as it is in maintaining the patent fiction that Quebec was the only part of Canada where racism and anti-Semitism were ever on display. You hear a lot more handwringing about Lionel Groulx than you do about the similarly whitewashed Emily Murphy, for instance; you hear a lot more fretting and tut-tutting about Adrien Arcand than you do about the only member of his party who was ever actually elected to a legislature in Canada, P.M. Campbell in Alberta. As I've already stated, I have no objection to an honest discussion of anti-Semitism in Groulx's writing, but you absolutely will not characterize Quebec society as possessed of some uniquely virulent strain of racism that was nonexistent in the rest of Canada, because it most certainly did exist just as much outside of Quebec as in it. Bearcat 01:32, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It also needs to be noted that Esther Delisle is not an unproblematic source; she's herself been criticized for the quality of her research; even critics of Groulx, who aren't overly inclined to whitewash Groulx's work, have dismissed Delisle's work as fabricating or altering quotes. Bearcat 02:12, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You added editing contemporaneous with my own. So there appears to be a conflict here. Your edits, that I saw during my own edits, were highly tendentious and defensive. Your argumentation is in the nature of Tu quoque. I agree that English-speaking Canada also was virulently antisemitic; that, however, does not exculpate either French Quebec then nor those that hold these views today. Perhaps we can, herein, set out an agreed set of facts; and then, once there is a consensus in repect thereof, the main body of the article can be further edited. Your references to Richler appear to demonstrate that you misunderstood his criticisms. Richler was directly effected by antisemitism both by the "English" and the "French"; unfortunately, the Jewish people of Quebec has been used as a weapon both for and against French Quebec. Finally, you are entitled to your opinions; but not the facts.--Lance talk 04:47, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not saying it exempts anybody; I'm saying that there has been a false and widespread assumption that Quebec was unique in having anti-Semitic public figures. You've made that claim yourself a couple of times on Wikipedia talk pages. That assumption cannot and will not stand unchallenged; it's a POV claim belied by the facts. Criticism of Delisle's work, some of which has come from people who posited the same conclusion as she did, cannot be buried, either. I have no interest in defending Groulx; I agree entirely that he was antisemitic, and I'm not from Quebec, so I have absolutely no idea what potential reason I would have to defend the guy. But when Gérard Bouchard, a scholar who agrees with the basic conclusion that Groulx was anti-Semitic, still criticizes Delisle for altering or inaccurately quoting a full 75 per cent of the actual quotes from Groulx in her work, that creates a pretty big problem WRT citing her as an authoritative source.

 * What I have an interest in is keeping Wikipedia articles factual and NPOV — for one thing, you will not insert into the article any unsourced claims about how much Groulx's particular strain of thought is or isn't still present in modern Quebec society. And you need to show a source for the assertion that Delisle was dismissed precisely because some people thought she was Jewish herself, too. I'm not being tendentious; I'm trying to prevent this from devolving into a POV war. I don't mind removing the bit about Mordecai Richler if you dispute it; the criticism of Delisle's scholarship, however, has to stay in the article.

 * And, for the record, I'll believe you have equal interest in both English and French Canadian antisemitism the day you start putting even fractionally as much effort into Mackenzie King as you've been doing here and at Quebec bashing. Bearcat 05:28, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You accuse me of claiming that: "...that Quebec was unique in having anti-Semitic public figures." Your accusation is false; and, I believe this accusation to be a personal attack.
 * Unfortunately, French Quebec antisemitism is patently not unique. Indeed, I am startled by the close correspondence between antisemitism both in French Quebec and in Poland. Both were Catholic peasant societies rife with illiteracy, superstition, and lack of economic development. The role of the Catholic church and its theology in respect of Jews is crucial in understanding how an unsophisticated population can be made to believe the most outrageous accusations against Jews by persons who have never met a real, flesh and blood, Jewish person. There have been reports that in Poland there still exists a belief that Jews consume the blood of Christian children. Other equally outrageous beliefs exist in Quebec today. French Quebec, I aver, has a profound ignorance of Jews and Judaism; and I have even seen it creep into articles in Wikipedia. As for antisemitic attacks against Delisle, I have witnessed it here at Wikipedia, (see: the deletion discussion of "Quebec bashing," and my comment there); and I recall the 1990s debate of her study that devolved into antisemitism. Finally, I do not have any agenda to have any particular point of view expressed in Wikipedia, I merely am personally offended by arguments from ignorance and clearly biased assertions and antisemitism appearing so prominently on the Internet. Wikipedia is usually the first few entries on any given Google search.--Lance talk 05:29, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * My reading of Delisle's book is that, since French Canadians knew nothing about Jews and Judaism, their views of Jews and Judaism were formed by the Catholic church; including Groulx. The "Jew" in the title of her book is not Jewish, but an artificial construct invented by the Catholic church. Those that dismissed Delisle as a "Jew" fall into two categories. First, those French Canadians that see all opponents as "Jews," and label them accordingly. Second, those that truly hate Jews, both the Catholic conception and the flesh-and-blood Jew, and use the word "Jew" as a term of abuse. If Delisle made errors, that I am prepared to accept, but the criticism of her persists despite the same conclusions were reached by others; and the truly hateful reaction to her work, as well as, so many high-level, ("official"), manifestations of antisemitism in our own time invites the conclusion that much has not changed in French Quebec.
 * If you have better sources than Delisle, then I say kol ha-kavowd, (Hebrew for "more power to you"). As for King, I am equally as outraged that this bizarre individual is honored in Canada.--Lance talk 06:04, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * And, as far as King is concerned, I was unaware of the Wikipedia discussion of him; and I thank you for pointing it out to me.--Lance talk 05:54, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * King really was an odd duck on so many levels, it's true...but I'm also pretty sure we're not the only country in the world ever to have had such a deeply weird leader. Bearcat 06:31, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I added an actual citation from Groulx where he clearly states his view on anti-semitism; I'm hoping it will end this absurd debate. Akesgeroth (talk) 12:44, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

Groulx made many remarks - not just in his private correspondence, but also in his published articles, often under pseudonyms - that almost all of us today would characterise as antisemitic; they are part and parcel of that ideological strain ("respectable" before WWII). Some of those remarks belong here. Instead, what we have is simply a statement by Groulx himself denying he was antisemitic. This is intelectually dishonest. We do not, in general, accept an argument from somebody stating "I am not a racist" as the end to all discussion on whether he is, in fact, racist. Feketekave (talk) 13:54, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Anti-Zionism and Anti-Masonry
Couldn't it be argued that part of Groulx's apparent antisemitism had a big part of anti-Zionism and anti-Masonry ? Much of the new research on anti-semitism makes that kind of distinction, on what has been termed the new antisemitism. If you take that into account, many of our contemporaries are much more anti-semitic than Groulx ever was. Also, many people in Groulx's time had always argued that they were not anti-semitic but that they were instead following the anti-Masonic teachings of the Vatican in the encyclical Humanum Genus (see Masonic conspiracy theories). ADM (talk) 11:57, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Probably not; Groulx' attittudes towards Jews predated the state of Israel, and Zionism itself would not have been on his radar. He was against freemasonry, but that does not seem related to his attitudes to Jews one way or the other. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.30.202.15 (talk) 17:09, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Jacques de Bernonville
Maybe someone could add JdeB; Groulx helped him escape from Europe after World War 2 - Jacques de Bernonville. Thanks78.16.33.213 (talk) 07:41, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

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Marquee Moon

Marquee Moon is the debut album by American rock band Television. It was released on February 8, 1977, by Elektra Records. In the years leading up to the album, Television had become a prominent act on the New York music scene and generated interest from a number of record labels, eventually signing a record deal with Elektra. The group rehearsed extensively in preparation for Marquee Moon before recording it at A & R Recording in September 1976. It was produced by the band's frontman Tom Verlaine and sound engineer Andy Johns.

For Marquee Moon, Verlaine and fellow guitarist Richard Lloyd abandoned contemporary punk rock's power chords in favor of rock and jazz-inspired interplay, melodic lines, and counter-melodies. The resulting music is largely hook-driven with complex instrumental parts (particularly on longer tracks such as "Marquee Moon"), while evoking themes of adolescence, discovery, and transcendence through imagery in urban, pastoral, and nocturnal modes, including references to the geography of Lower Manhattan. Influenced by Bohemian and French poetry, Verlaine's lyrics also feature puns and double entendres intended to give the songs an impressionistic quality in describing his perception of an experience.

Released to widespread acclaim, Marquee Moon was hailed by critics as an original musical development in rock music. The critical recognition helped the album achieve unexpected commercial success in the United Kingdom, despite poor sales in the United States. Among the most acclaimed music releases in history, it consistently features in professionally curated lists of top albums, including Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" (2003), on which it ranked 128th. Marquee Moon also proved to be a foundational record of alternative rock, as Television's innovative instrumentation for the album strongly influenced subsequent post-punk, new wave, and indie rock movements of the 1980s and rock guitar playing in general.

Background

By the mid-1970s, Television had become a leading act in the New York music scene. They first developed a following from their residency at the Lower Manhattan club CBGB, where they helped persuade club manager Hilly Kristal to feature more unconventional musical groups. The band had received interest from labels by late 1974, but chose to wait for an appropriate record deal. They turned down a number of major labels, including Island Records, for whom they had recorded demos with producer Brian Eno. Eno produced demos of "Prove It", "Friction", "Venus", and "Marquee Moon" in December 1974, but Television frontman Tom Verlaine did not approve of Eno's sound: "He recorded us very cold and brittle, no resonance. We're oriented towards really strong guitar music ... sort of expressionistic."

After founding bassist Richard Hell left in 1975, Television enlisted Fred Smith, whom they found more reliable and rhythmically adept. The band quickly developed a rapport and a musical style that reflected their individual influences: Smith and guitarist Richard Lloyd had a rock and roll background, drummer Billy Ficca was a jazz enthusiast, and Verlaine's tastes varied from the rock group 13th Floor Elevators to jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. That same year, Television shared a residency at CBGB with singer and poet Patti Smith, who had recommended the band to Arista Records president Clive Davis. Although he had seen them perform, Davis was hesitant to sign them at first. He was persuaded by Smith's then boyfriend Allen Lanier to let them record demos, which Verlaine said resulted in "a much warmer sound than Eno got". However, Verlaine still wanted to find a label that would allow him to produce Television's debut album himself, even though he had little recording experience.

Recording and production

In August 1976, Television signed a recording deal with Elektra Records, which promised Verlaine he could produce the band's first album with the condition that he would be assisted by a well-known recording engineer. Verlaine, who did not want to be guided in the studio by a famous producer, enlisted engineer Andy Johns based on his work for the Rolling Stones' 1973 album Goats Head Soup. Lloyd was also impressed by Johns, who he said had produced "some of the great guitar sounds in rock". Johns was credited as the co-producer on Marquee Moon. Elektra did not query Television's studio budget for the recording.

Television recorded Marquee Moon in September 1976 at A & R Recording in New York City. In preparation for the album's recording, Television had rehearsed for four to six hours a day and six to seven days a week. Lloyd said they were "both really roughshod musicians on one hand and desperadoes on the other, with the will to become good". During preparations, the band rejected most of the material they had written over the course of three years. Once they were in the studio, they recorded two new songs for the album—"Guiding Light" and "Torn Curtain"—and older songs such as "Friction", "Venus", and the title track, which had become a standard at their live shows. Verlaine said that, because he had predetermined the structure of the album, only those eight songs and a few others were attempted during the recording sessions.

For most of Marquee Moon, Johns recorded Television as they performed live in the studio. A few songs were recorded in one take, including the title track, which Ficca assumed was a rehearsal. Johns suggested that the group record another take of the song, but Verlaine told him to "forget it". Verlaine and Lloyd's guitars were recorded to the left and right channels respectively, and the final recordings were left unadorned by effects or compression.

Music
Marquee Moon is described by Rolling Stone as a post-punk album and by Jason Heller from The A.V. Club as "elegantly jagged" art punk, while Ira Robbins of Trouser Press classified it as new wave. Robert Christgau regarded it more broadly as a rock record because of Television's formal and technical abilities as musicians: "It wasn't punk. Its intensity wasn't manic; it didn't come in spurts." As Tom Moon observed, Verlaine's singing avoids the "cursory punk snarl" while the band's music demonstrates "extended instrumental sections, impenetrable moods" (as on "Torn Curtain") and historical rock influences like Chuck Berry and the early music of the Rolling Stones (as on "Friction").

Both sides of the album begin with three shorter, hook-driven songs, which Stylus Magazine's Evan Chakroff said veer between progressive rock and post-punk styles. The title track and "Torn Curtain" are longer and more jam-oriented. "As peculiar as it sounds, I've always thought that we were a pop band", Verlaine later told Select. "You know, I always thought Marquee Moon was a bunch of cool singles. And then I'd realise, Christ, [the title track] is ten minutes long. With two guitar solos." According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the album is "comprisedentirely [sic] of tense garage rockers that spiral into heady intellectual territory, which is achieved through the group's long, interweaving instrumental sections".

Verlaine and Lloyd's guitar parts on the album are interplayed around the rhythm section's drum hits and basslines. Their dual playing draws on 1960s rock and avant-garde jazz styles, abandoning the power chords of contemporary punk rock in favor of melodic lines and counter-melodies. Verlaine's guitar establishes the song's rhythmic phrase, against which Lloyd is heard playing dissonant melodies. Lloyd had learned to notate his solos by the time they recorded Marquee Moon, allowing him to develop his solo for a song from introduction to variation and resolution. Some songs have the two guitarists trading rhythmic and melodic lines several times while producing tension. "There weren't many bands where the two guitars played rhythm and melody back and forth, like a jigsaw puzzle", Lloyd said.

Most of the solos on Marquee Moon follow a pattern wherein Verlaine runs up a major scale but regresses slightly after each step. On "See No Evil", he solos through a full octave before playing a blues-influenced riff, and on the title track, he is heard playing in the Mixolydian mode and lowering the seventh by half a step. "Friction" opens with Lloyd playing octaves before Verlaine's ringing harmonics and series of descending scales.

Lyrics

Verlaine's lyrics on Marquee Moon combine urban and pastoral imagery. Although it is not a concept album, many of its songs make geographical references to Lower Manhattan. According to Bryan Waterman, author of the 33⅓ book on the record, it celebrates stern adolescence in the urban pastoral mode. Its urban nocturne theme is derived from poetic works about Bohemian decadence. According to Spin, the album is about urban mythology; Verlaine brought "a sentimental romanticism to the Bowery, making legends out of the mundane". The lyrics also incorporate maritime imagery, including the paradoxical "nice little boat made out of ocean" in "See No Evil", the waterfront setting in "Elevation", sea metaphors in "Guiding Light", and references to docks, caves, and waves in "Prove It".

Although Verlaine was against drug use after Television formed, he once had a short-lived phase using psychedelic drugs, to which he makes reference in similes on songs like "Venus". Its vignette-like lyrics follow an ostensibly drug-induced, revelatory experience: "You know it's all like some new kind of drug / my senses are sharp and my hands are like gloves / Broadway looks so medieval, it seems to flap like little pages / I fell sideways laughing, with a friend from many stages."

According to Waterman, while psychedelic trips informed the experiences of many artists in Lower Manhattan at the time, "Venus" contributed to the impression of Marquee Moon as a transcendental work in the vein of 19th-century Romanticism. "Verlaine is into perception", Waterman said, "and sometimes the perception he represents is as intense as a mind-altering substance." Christgau said that lyrics such as the reference to Broadway in "Venus" lent the album its association among critics to the East Village, as it "situates this philosophical action in the downtown night".

Marquee Moon inspired interpretations from a variety of sources, but Verlaine conceded he did not understand the meaning behind much of his lyrics. He drew on influences from French poetry and wanted to narrate the consciousness or confusion of an experience rather than its specific details. He compared the songs to "a little moment of discovery or releasing something or being in a certain time or place and having a certain understanding of something".

Verlaine also used puns and double-entendres when writing his lyrics, which he said are atmospheric and convey the meaning of a song implicitly. "See No Evil" opens with the narrator's flights of fancy and closes with an imperative about limitless possibilities: "Runnin' wild with the one I love / Pull down the future with the one you love". The refrain to "Venus" mentions falling into "the arms of Venus de Milo" (the armless statue), which Verlaine explained as "a term for a state of feeling. They're loving [ubiquitous] arms".

Title and packaging

Marquee Moon's title was interpreted by Waterman as an encapsulation of the urban and bucolic imagery in the songs, "suggesting the kind of night sky only visible above the neon glare of city-dwellers' assault on the dark". In his mind, the marquee rather than the moon in the concept sets the record's mood. He added, "sensory experience will be of prime importance to these eight songs. What can we see by the light of a marquee moon? What will be revealed on Marquee Moon's grooves?"

The album's packaging was designed by art director Tony Lane. The front cover photo was shot by photographer Robert Mapplethorpe, who had previously shot the cover for Patti Smith's 1975 album Horses. His photo situated Verlaine a step in front of the rest of the band, who were captured in a tensed, serious pose. Verlaine held his left hand across his body and extended his slightly clenched right hand forward. When Mapplethorpe gave Television the contact prints, Lloyd took the band's favorite shot to a print shop in Times Square and asked for color photocopies for the group members to mull over. Although the first few copies were oddly colored, Lloyd asked the copy worker to print more "while turning the knobs with his eyes closed". He likened the process to Andy Warhol's screen prints. After he showed it to the group, they chose the altered copy over Mapplethorpe's original photo, which Fred Smith subsequently had framed and kept for himself.

Marketing and sales

Marquee Moon was released on February 8, 1977, in the United States and on March 4 in the United Kingdom, where it was an unexpected success and reached number 28 on the albums chart. The record's two singles—the title track and "Prove It"—both charted on the UK Top 30. Its commercial success in the UK was partly fueled by Nick Kent's rave two-page review of the album for NME.

While holidaying in London after Marquee Moons completion, Verlaine saw that Television had been put on NMEs front cover and notified Elektra's press department, who encouraged the band to capitalize on their success there with a tour of the UK. However, the label had already organized for the band to perform on Peter Gabriel's American tour as a supporting act. Television played small theatres and some larger club venues, and received more mainstream exposure, but were not well received by Gabriel's middle-American audiences, and found the tour unnerving.

In May, Television embarked on a highly successful theatre tour of the UK with Blondie as their supporting act. They were enthusiastically received by audiences there, and Verlaine said it was refreshing to perform at large theatres after playing smaller clubs for four years. He nonetheless felt that Blondie did not suit their show because they were too different artistically, even though both groups had emerged from the music scene at CBGB. Blondie guitarist Chris Stein said that Television were "so competitive" and unaccommodating on the tour, and that they did not treat it like a joint effort. He recalled one show where "all our equipment was shoved up at the [Glasgow] Apollo and we had like three feet of room so that [Verlaine] could stand still in this vast space."

By the time of Television's return to the US, Elektra had given up on promoting Marquee Moon, which they dismissed as a commercial failure. Marquee Moon sold fewer than 80,000 copies in the US and failed to chart on the Billboard 200. The group was dispirited by their inability to meet commercial expectations, which contributed to their disbandment in 1978.

Critical reception and legacy
Marquee Moon was met with critical acclaim. According to music journalist and biographer Tony Fletcher, critics in 1977 found the album difficult to categorize and instead hailed it as "something entirely original, a new dawn in rock music". Verlaine later said of the overwhelmingly positive response from critics:

"There was a certain magic happening, an inexplicable certainty of something, like the momentum of a freight train. That's not egoism but, if you cast a spell, you don't get flummoxed by the results of your spell.""

In NME, Kent wrote that Television have proven to be ambitious and skilled enough to achieve "new dimensions of sonic overdrive" with an "inspired work of pure genius, a record finely in tune and sublimely arranged with a whole new slant on dynamics". He deemed the album's music vigorous, sophisticated, and innovative at a time when rock is wholly conservative. For Sounds, Vivien Goldman hailed Marquee Moon as "an obvious, unabashed, instant classic", while Peter Gammond of Hi-Fi News & Record Review called it one of the most exciting releases in music, highlighted by Verlaine's steely, Gábor Szabó-like guitar and authentic rock music. In Audio, Jon Tiven wrote that although the vocals and production could be more amplified, Verlaine's lyrics and guitar "manage to viscerally and intellectually grab the listener". Joan Downs from Time felt the band's sound is distinguished more by the bold playing of Lloyd, who she said has the potential to become a major figure in rock guitar. Christgau, in The Village Voice, claimed Verlaine's "demotic-philosophical" lyrics could sustain the album alone, as could the guitar playing, which he said is as penetrating and expressive as Eric Clapton or Jerry Garcia "but totally unlike either". Tom Hull, his colleague at the Voice, recalls being in Christgau's apartment when he received an advance copy and witnessing his "instantly rapturous" reaction to the album. "Without being a guitar fetishist", Hull said he personally found it "as distinctive and powerful as any of its iconic peers—things like Axis and Layla and Led Zep's first album".

Some reviewers expressed reservations. In Rolling Stone, Ken Tucker said the lyrics generally amount to non sequiturs, meaningless phrases, and pretentious aphorisms, but are ultimately secondary to the music. Although he found Verlaine's solos potentially formless and boring, Tucker credited him for structuring his songs around chilling riffs and "a new commercial impulse that gives his music its catchy, if slashing, hook". High Fidelity felt the music's "scaring amalgam of rich, brightly colored textures" compensates for Verlaine's nearly unintelligible lyrics. Noel Coppage from Stereo Review was more critical of the singing and songwriting, likening Marquee Moon to a stale version of Bruce Springsteen. Nigel Hunter wrote in Gramophone that Verlaine's lyrics and guitar playing are vague and that listeners will need a "strong commitment to this type of music to get much out of it".

At the end of 1977, Marquee Moon was voted the third-best album of the year in the Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics nationwide, published in The Village Voice. Christgau, the poll's creator and supervisor, ranked it number one on his own year-end list, and a few years later, he named it the 11th best album of the 1970s. Sounds also named it the year's best album, while NME ranked it fifth on its year-end list.

Reappraisal
Since the album's original release, Marquee Moon has been cited by rock critics as one of the greatest records of the American punk rock movement, with Mark Weingarten of Entertainment Weekly calling it the masterpiece of the 1970s New York punk rock scene. According to English writer Clinton Heylin, Marquee Moon marked the end of the New York scene's peak period, while Spin said it was the CBGB era's "best and most enduring record" and ranked it as the sixth-greatest album of all time in its April 1989 issue. Q included it in the magazine's 2002 list of the 100 greatest punk records, while writer Colin Larkin ranked it ninth and Mojo ranked it 35th on similar lists. The album has often been voted high in critics' polls of the greatest debuts and has also been named one of the greatest records of the 1970s by NME, who ranked it tenth, and Pitchfork, who ranked it third.

Marquee Moon has frequently appeared on rankings of the greatest albums of all time. The Guardian and Melody Maker placed it 33rd and 25th, respectively, on lists published at the turn of the 21st century. In Larkin's 2000 book All Time Top 1000 Albums, Marquee Moon ranked at number 53. On September 23, 2003, the album was reissued by Rhino Entertainment with several bonus tracks, including the first CD appearance of Television's 1975 debut single "Little Johnny Jewel (Parts 1 & 2)". That same year, it was named the fourth-greatest album of all time by NME, while Rolling Stone placed it at number 128 on its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. It has been viewed as one of the greatest rock albums ever by English radio DJs Marc Riley, who said that "there's been nothing like it before or since", and Mark Radcliffe, who called it "the nearest rock record to a string quartet—everybody's got a part, and it works brilliantly."

Influence
Among the most influential records from the 1970s, the album has also been cited by critics as a cornerstone of alternative rock. It heavily influenced the indie rock movement of the 1980s, while post-punk acts appropriated the album's uncluttered production, introspective tone, and meticulously performed instrumentation. Hunter Felt from PopMatters attributed Marquee Moon's influence on post-punk and new wave acts to the precisely syncopated rhythm section of Fred Smith and Billy Ficca. He recommended 2003's "definitive" reissue of the album to listeners of garage rock revival bands, who he said had modeled themselves after Verlaine's Romantic poetry-inspired lyrics and the "jaded yet somehow impassioned cynicism" of his vocals. According to Sputnikmusic's Adam Downer, Television introduced an unprecedented style of rock and roll on Marquee Moon that inaugurated post-punk music, while The Guardian said it scaled "amazing new heights of sophistication and intensity" as a "gorgeous, ringing beacon of post-punk" despite being released several months before the Sex Pistols' Never Mind the Bollocks (1977). Erlewine, writing for AllMusic, believed the record was innovative for abandoning previous New York punk albums' swing and groove sensibilities in favor of an intellectually stimulating scope that Television achieved instrumentally rather than lyrically. He claimed "it's impossible to imagine post-punk soundscapes" without Marquee Moon. Fletcher argued that the songs' lack of compression, groove, and extra effects provided "a blueprint for a form of chromatic, rather than rhythmic, music that would later come to be called angular".

In Erlewine's opinion, Marquee Moon was radical and groundbreaking primarily as "a guitar rock album unlike any other". Verlaine and Lloyd's dual playing on the album strongly influenced alternative rock groups such as the Pixies, noise rock acts such as Sonic Youth, and big arena bands like U2. According to Greg Kot from the Chicago Tribune, Television "created a new template for guitar rock" because of how Verlaine's improvised playing was woven together with Lloyd's precisely notated solos, particularly on the title track. As a member of U2, Irish guitarist The Edge simulated Television's guitar sound with an effects pedal. He later said he had wanted to "sound like them" and that Marquee Moon's title track had changed his "way of thinking about the guitar".

Writing for Rolling Stone, Rob Sheffield called Marquee Moon "one of the all-time classic guitar albums" whose tremulous guitar twang was an inspiration behind bands such as R.E.M. and Joy Division. Joy Division's Stephen Morris cited it as one of his favorite albums, while R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe said his love of Marquee Moon was "second only to [Patti Smith's] Horses". Will Sergeant said it was also one of his favorite records, and that Verlaine and Lloyd's guitar playing was a major influence on his band Echo & the Bunnymen. Verlaine's jagged, expressive sound on the album made a great impression on Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist John Frusciante when he started developing as a guitarist in his early 20s. In his words, it reminded him that "none of those things that are happening in the physical dimension mean anything, whether it's what kind of guitar you play or how your amp's set up. It's just ideas, you know, emotion."

Track listing
All songs written by Tom Verlaine, except "Guiding Light" by Verlaine and Richard Lloyd.

 * Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–8 on CD reissues.
 * "Marquee Moon", shortened on the original LP, was restored to its complete recorded length of 10:40 on the 2003 remastered CD.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

Television
 * Billy Ficca – drums
 * Richard Lloyd – electric guitar (solo on "See No Evil", "Marquee Moon", "Elevation", and "Guiding Light"), backing vocals
 * Fred Smith – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Tom Verlaine – electric guitar (solo on "Venus", "Friction", "Marquee Moon", "Prove It", and "Torn Curtain"), keyboards, lead vocals, production

Additional personnel
 * Jim Boyer – assistant engineering
 * Greg Calbi – mastering
 * Jimmy Douglass – assistant mixing
 * Lee Hulko – mastering
 * Andy Johns – engineering, mixing, production
 * Tony Lane – art direction
 * Billy Lobo – back cover artwork
 * Robert Mapplethorpe – photography
 * Randy Mason – assistant mixing
 * John Telfer – management

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Marquee Moon


text:
Derek Lowe

Derek Christopher Lowe (born June 1, 1973) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. During his career, he played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, New York Yankees, and Texas Rangers.

Lowe made his MLB debut in 1997. He threw a no-hitter for the Red Sox in 2002. In the 2004 post-season he had a 3–0 win–loss record as he helped lead Boston to its first World Series championship in 86 years.

Early years
Lowe attended Edsel Ford High School in Dearborn, Michigan, where he was a four-sport letterman in baseball, golf, soccer, and basketball. He was an All-League honoree in all four sports, and was a first-team all-state pick in basketball. Lowe committed to attend Eastern Michigan University on a basketball scholarship.

Minor leagues
The Seattle Mariners drafted Lowe in the eighth round of the 1991 MLB draft. He signed with the Mariners on June 7, 1991, forgoing his college scholarship. The Mariners immediately assigned him to their rookie league team, where he went 5–3 with a 2.41 earned run average (ERA) in 12 starts.

He spent the next several years working his way through several minor league teams: 1992 – Single-A Bellingham (7–3, 2.42 – 13 starts), 1993 – Single-A Riverside (12–9, 5.26, 26 starts), 1994 – Double-A Jacksonville (7–10, 4.94, 26 starts), 1995 – Double-A Port City (1–6, 6.08, 10 starts), 1996 – Triple-A Tacoma (6–9, 4.54, 16 starts).

Seattle Mariners
Lowe made his major league debut on April 26, 1997, working $3 2/3$ innings in relief against the Toronto Blue Jays. He made his first major league start on May 27 against the Minnesota Twins, giving up four runs in five innings. His first career win came on June 6 against the Detroit Tigers, pitching $5 1/3$ innings and giving up 3 runs in the Mariners' 6–3 victory.

Seattle, however, was desperate for immediate bullpen help, and packaged Lowe and catcher Jason Varitek into a deal with the Boston Red Sox for Heathcliff Slocumb. The trade on July 31 by Mariners' vice president Woody Woodward is considered one of the most lopsided in MLB history.

Boston Red Sox
Lowe compiled a 5–15 record over his first two seasons, during which he split time starting and relieving, but came into his own in 1999 after being transferred into the closer's role, finishing the season with 15 saves and a 2.63 ERA.

Lowe had his best season as a closer in 2000 when he led the American League with 42 saves, to go along with a 2.56 ERA. Despite recording 24 saves early in the 2001 season, Lowe lost the closer's job soon after the trading deadline when the Red Sox acquired Ugueth Urbina. Lowe was left in limbo, demoted to various setup jobs in the bullpen. Instead he asked manager Joe Kerrigan to return him to the starting rotation; Kerrigan agreed, and Lowe pitched 16 innings as a starter before the end of the season. The following year, 2002, was Lowe's coming out party as a starter, as he posted a 21–8 record to go with a 2.58 ERA, finishing third in Cy Young Award voting behind Barry Zito and Lowe's teammate Pedro Martínez. Lowe no-hit the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at Fenway Park on April 27 that year, becoming the first pitcher to do so at Fenway Park since Dave Morehead in 1965. Lowe faced just one over the minimum in the game; only a third inning walk to Brent Abernathy separated Lowe from a perfect game. Additionally, Lowe was the starting pitcher for the American League in the All-Star Game that year.

Lowe posted a 17–7 record despite a 4.47 ERA in 2003. He recorded an improbable save in deciding Game 5 of the 2003 American League Division Series, helped by two clutch strikeouts.

In 2004, he finished 14–12 with a 5.42 ERA in 33 starts. During the postseason he rebounded with a 3–0 record and 1.86 ERA in four games, three of them starts. He was the winner in the final game of all three postseason series—American League Division Series against the Anaheim Angels (pitching in relief), the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, and the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals (where he threw shutout ball for 7 innings in Game 4, to defeat Jason Marquis) — as the Red Sox won their first World Series in 86 years.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On January 11, 2005, Lowe finalized a $36 million, four-year contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Despite his signing with a new team, Lowe wore a Red Sox uniform, with his career-long number of 32, during the Red Sox World Series ring ceremony on April 11, 2005, after already making a start for the Dodgers.

On August 31, 2005, Lowe pitched an unusual one-hitter. After giving up a leadoff single to the Cubs' Jerry Hairston Jr., Lowe did not allow another Chicago hit, picking up a one-hit, two-walk, 7–0 complete game victory while facing only 29 batters.

For the 2008 season, after being the opening day starter for the Dodgers for the last three years, he was moved to the second starting position, behind Brad Penny. Lowe was chosen by manager Joe Torre to start Game 1 of the National League Championship series against the Philadelphia Phillies on October 9, 2008. Lowe opened the game with five scoreless innings.

All-time pitching great Greg Maddux had a storied 23 year major league career, during which he was twice traded during a season - both times to the Dodgers, once in 2006, the other in his final season of 2008. Each time Maddux joined the Dodgers, Lowe performed visibly better afterwards. Lowe indicated that Maddux helped him considerably; Maddux was often seen sitting next to him in the dugout, as Lowe was able to learn from the master hurler.

Atlanta Braves
Lowe agreed to a four-year, $60 million deal with the Atlanta Braves during the 2008–09 offseason. Manager Bobby Cox announced that Lowe would start both Opening Day and the Braves home opener for the 2009 season. Lowe beat the Phillies 4–1 on Opening Night, going 8 innings and giving up just 2 hits and 0 runs.

In 2010, Lowe was one of only two active players, along with Liván Hernández, to have played 12 or more seasons without going on the disabled list.

Despite having a mediocre season until August, Lowe was exceptional in September 2010, with a 5–0 record, a 1.77 ERA, 29 strikeouts while walking only three batters, which helped the Braves secure a playoff berth as the NL Wild Card, being one game ahead of the second place Padres at the end of the regular season. For this, Lowe was named National League Pitcher of the Month.

On August 31, 2011, Lowe hit his first home run (in 425 at-bats) off John Lannan of the Washington Nationals.

Cleveland Indians
Following the 2011 season, the Braves traded Lowe to the Cleveland Indians for minor league left-handed relief pitcher Chris Jones. The Braves paid $10 million of Lowe's $15 million salary for the 2012 season. On May 15, 2012 in a road game versus the Minnesota Twins, Lowe recorded his first shutout in seven years and also pitched a complete game in a 5–0 Tribe win, improving his season pitching record to 6–1. Lowe did not record a strikeout in the shutout, becoming the first pitcher to do so since 2002.

The Indians designated Lowe for assignment on August 1 to make room for Corey Kluber. Lowe was 8–10 with a 5.52 ERA in 21 starts and 119 innings pitched. The Indians released Lowe on August 10.

New York Yankees
On August 12, 2012, Lowe signed with the New York Yankees. In his Yankees debut on August 13, he pitched four scoreless innings in relief, recording his first regular season save since 2001. Lowe had a 3.04 ERA in 17 appearances, earning him a spot on the team's postseason roster. The Yankees defeated the Baltimore Orioles in the 2012 ALDS, but lost to the Detroit Tigers in the 2012 ALCS. Lowe became a free agent after the 2012 season ended.

Texas Rangers
On March 6, 2013, Lowe signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers. He made the team's major league roster, and was with the Rangers on opening day. He was designated for assignment on May 20, 2013.

On June 9, 2013, sports journalist Nick Cafardo reported that Lowe appeared to have retired. According to Cafardo, Lowe told his agent, Scott Boras, not to approach any teams to gauge their interest.

Lowe officially announced his retirement July 18, 2013.

Lowe was eligible to be elected into the Hall of Fame in 2019, but received less than 5% of the vote, thus dropping off of future ballots.

Scouting report
Lowe was a sinkerball pitcher, throwing the pitch over 60% of the time. He also threw a fastball, curveball and a slider.

Personal life
Lowe has advocated for various causes to fight cancer. Himself a survivor of squamous cell carcinoma, Lowe has worked with the Melanoma Foundation of New England, the National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention, and The Prostate Cancer Foundation. Lowe was diagnosed with attention deficit disorder and received permission to treat it with Adderall, a substance normally banned by Major League Baseball, but with exceptions allowed on a case-by-case basis.

Lowe was charged with fourth-degree domestic violence by King County police in 1997 after his girlfriend claimed that he struck her. Lowe was released on $1,000 bond the next day, whereupon he allegedly violated a no-contact order by returning to her home shortly thereafter. Lowe entered counseling as a result.

Carolyn Hughes, who covered the Dodgers for Fox Sports West, was suspended pending an investigation into a potential relationship between her and Lowe during his tenure with the Dodgers. Shortly thereafter, Lowe filed for divorce from Trinka Lowe, his wife of seven years, with whom he had fathered three children. Hughes's husband also filed for divorce. In the aftermath, Hughes ended her broadcasting career, and she and Lowe continued their relationship. They were married on December 13, 2008 at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, Michigan.

On April 28, 2011, Lowe was arrested and charged with driving under the influence, reckless driving and improper lane change after he was spotted drag racing down an Atlanta street. The trooper who stopped him detected an odor of alcohol and administered a field sobriety test, which resulted in Lowe's arrest. Lowe declined to take a breath test before he was released after posting bail. The driver of the other vehicle was not charged with any offense and was released. On May 26, 2011, both the DUI charge and the reckless driving charge were dismissed by City of Atlanta Solicitor-General Raines Carter, and Lowe entered a nolo contendere (no contest) plea to violating basic motor vehicle rules.

Lowe finished second to Mark Mulder in the July 2017 American Century Championships celebrity golf tournament.

Lowe won the January 2022 LPGA Tournament of Champions Celebrity Division tournament, defeating Annika Sörenstam in a playoff after both scored 138 points.

title: Derek Lowe


text:
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk

Johann Ludwig "Lutz" Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (Born Johann Ludwig von Krosigk; 22 August 1887 – 4 March 1977) was a German senior government official who served as the minister of finance of Germany from 1932 to 1945 and de facto chancellor of Germany during May 1945.

A non-partisan conservative, he was appointed to the post of Minister of Finance by Franz von Papen in 1932. At the request of President Paul von Hindenburg, he continued in that office under Kurt von Schleicher and Adolf Hitler. He and his ministry were involved in the persecution of German and European Jews, including by stealing their property, and laundering money. During May 1945, after the suicides of Hitler and his designated successor Joseph Goebbels, he also served as "Leading Minister" of the short-lived Flensburg government of President Karl Dönitz. Schwerin von Krosigk also held the essentially nominal offices of Foreign Minister and Finance Minister in the provisional government that controlled only a small, progressively shrinking portion of Germany, due to the rapid advance of the Allied forces who finally dissolved it and arrested its members.

Besides Adolf Hitler himself, Schwerin von Krosigk was one of the few members of the Third Reich's cabinet (along with Wilhelm Frick and Franz Seldte) to serve continuously from Hitler's appointment as Chancellor until his death. By accepting the Golden Party Badge personally bestowed by Adolf Hitler, given for honour on 30 January 1937, he automatically became a member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) with membership number 3,805,231. He also joined the Academy for German Law in 1937.

At the 1949 Ministries Trial, he was convicted of laundering property stolen from Nazi victims and financing the concentration camps and sentenced to 10 years in prison; his sentence was commuted in 1951. He later worked as an author and publicist. He died on 4 March 1977.

Early life and education
Born as Johann Ludwig von Krosigk on 22 August 1887 into a family of traditional Lutheran Protestants in Rathmannsdorf in the Duchy of Anhalt of the German Empire, his father Erich Adolf Wilhelm was a member of an old noble but untitled family of Anhalt and his mother Luise Rosalie Friederike Julie Emma Ludmilla was born a countess of the Schwerin family. In 1925 he was adopted by Alfred Wilhelm Detlof Graf von Schwerin, and promoted himself to a count, taking the name Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk.

Krosigk studied law and political science at Halle and Lausanne and then, as a Rhodes Scholar, at Oriel College, Oxford.

During World War I, Krosigk served in the German Army, attaining the rank of Lieutenant, and was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st class. On 7 February 1918, during the war, he married a baroness, Ehrengard Freiin von Plettenberg (1895–1979), with whom he had four sons and five daughters. In 1922, he became an Oberregierungsrat (senior government official) and in 1929, a ministerial director and head of the budget department at the finance ministry. In 1931, he joined the department of reparations payments, formed to deal with the reparations Germany still owed the Allied Powers after the Great War.

Pre-World War II
In 1932 Franz von Papen appointed Krosigk as national Minister of Finance, and at the request of President Paul von Hindenburg he continued in that office under Kurt von Schleicher and throughout the period of Nazi rule. Several members of his family took part in assassination attempts against Adolf Hitler, but not Krosigk himself. He was rarely seen in public, and Hitler did not hold regular cabinet meetings. Following the final meeting of Hitler's cabinet in 1938 Krosigk did not make any public political statements and instead focused on running his ministry.

Krosigk held his position under both Schleicher and Hitler as a representative of the conservative movement in Germany. While he later claimed to have remained in the role only to prevent "worse things" from happening, he welcomed the Nazi Party's rise to power and both agreed with and contributed to many of its policies. These included measures targeting Germany's Jewish community. While Krosigk's ability to shape Germany's fiscal policies was constrained by the influence of both the President of the Reichsbank and Hermann Göring (in his role as Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan), he was able to implement policies. In August 1938 Krosigk sent Hitler a memorandum which strongly argued against starting a war over the Sudeten crisis as the German economy was not yet ready, and claimed that "Communists, Jews and Czechs" were seeking to lure the country into a premature conflict. He argued that Germany should instead "await her hour" and initiate war once it had completed building up its military and economy.

World War II
From 1939, Krosigk's ministry was increasingly focused on persecuting Jews and stealing their belongings as well as illegally laundering money.

In February 1945 von Krosigk stressed the importance of preserving Germany's remaining industrial capacities in a letter to Reich Minister for Weapons, Munitions, and Armaments Albert Speer. This was motivated by his mistaken belief that the Allied bombing campaign directed at Germany had the goal of destroying the country's industry so that it could not be captured by the Soviet Union, and that retaining industrial capacity would position Germany to re-establish friendly relations with the western Allies following the war. It is unclear whether this had any influence of Speer's actions to prevent the implementation of the "scorched earth" policy ordered by Hitler.

In his final testament Hitler selected Krosigk to continue as finance minister after his death. He was to serve in a government headed by Goebbels as Chancellor (Reichskanzler). However, Goebbels himself committed suicide only a day later, on 1 May 1945. Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz then asked Schwerin von Krosigk to succeed him as Chancellor. He declined but accepted the position of "Leading Minister" the following day. In a broadcast to the German people on 2 May 1945, he became one of the first commentators to refer to an "Iron Curtain" across Europe, a phrase he had picked up from an article by Joseph Goebbels and which was later made famous by Winston Churchill.

Rapidly advancing Allied forces limited the jurisdiction of the new German government to an area around Flensburg near the Danish border, where Dönitz's headquarters were located, along with Mürwik. Accordingly, this administration was referred to as the Flensburg government. Dönitz and Schwerin von Krosigk attempted to negotiate an armistice with the Western allies while continuing to resist the Soviet Army. On 7 May 1945, Dönitz authorised the signature of the German Instrument of Surrender to the Allies, which took place in Rheims before General Dwight D. Eisenhower; Dönitz would later authorise the Wehrmacht to sign another instrument of surrender in Berlin, in a ceremony presided over by the Soviets. On 23 May 1945, the Flensburg Government was dissolved by order of the Supreme Allied Commander, General Eisenhower, and its members arrested.

Post-World War II
Krosigk was put on trial at Nuremberg, along with other leading members of the Nazi government. At the conclusion of the Ministries Trial in 1949 he was found guilty of laundering property stolen from Nazi victims and financing the concentration camps, and sentenced to ten years imprisonment. His sentence was reviewed by the "Peck Panel". He was released during an amnesty in 1951.

In later years, Schwerin von Krosigk wrote several books on economic policy and two versions of his memoirs.

Schwerin von Krosigk died on 4 March 1977 in Essen, West Germany, at the age of 89.

Private life
He was married to his cousin, Baroness Ehrengard von Plettenberg-Heeren (1895-1979), daughter of Count Friedrich von Plettenberg-Heeren (1863-1924) and his wife, Countess Ehrengard von Krosigk (1873-1943). The had nine children.

Among them, his daughter, Felicitas-Anita, Countess Schwerin von Krosigk (b. 1941), is the mother of Alternative for Germany Member of the German Bundestag Beatrix von Storch.

His other daughter, Countess Ehrengard Bertha Minetta Schwerin von Krosigk (1922-2012), married Gottfried von Bismarck (1921-2001), younger brother of Klaus von Bismarck, Philipp von Bismarck, brother in law of Gottfried von Einem and uncle of Caspar von Einem, Minister of the Interior of Austria.

Works

 * Es geschah in Deutschland, 1951.
 * Die große Zeit des Feuers – Der Weg der deutschen Industrie, 3 volumes, 1959.
 * Alles auf Wagnis – der Kaufmann gestern, heute und morgen, 1963.
 * Persönliche Erinnerungen, memoirs, 3 volumes, 1974.
 * Staatsbankrott (Studie über die deutsche Finanzpolitik von 1920 bis 1945), 1975.
 * Memoiren (short version of Persönliche Erinnerungen), 1977.

title: Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk


text:
Zire Handheld

The Zire Series was Palm, Inc's "consumer-grade" brand of Personal Digital Assistant.

Background/Overview
The lower-end models emphasized value — Palm's original Zire model was the first PDA under $100 from a major manufacturer — and the higher-end models emphasized multimedia capability, including features like cameras and audio playback functions suitable for listening to MP3s.

Palm Zire & Palm Zire 21
The Palm Zire and Palm Zire 21 were inexpensive and are differentiated from the rest of Palm's line by having monochrome screens without backlighting, having only two application buttons instead of the typical four, and traditional up/down scroll buttons instead of the then-standard 5-way navigator found in other models. Both of these entry-level models are lightweight (3.8oz or 108g) and sport a white plastic face with a matte gray plastic back.

The Zire (also known as the m150), released in the fourth quarter of 2002 and is the handheld responsible for starting the value-conscious handheld craze. It sported only 2 MB RAM, a 16 MHz Motorola DragonBall EZ processor, and Palm OS 4.1.x. The Zire was superseded by the Zire 21 at the release of the "First Breed of PIM Plus Handhelds" in the fourth quarter of 2003.

The Zire 21, released at the same time as the Tungsten T3 and Tungsten E, sported an improved PIM suite (then-known as the Palm PIM Plus), a 126 MHz TI OMAP311 ARM-Compliant Processor, 8 MB RAM, and Palm OS 5.2.1.

Neither the Zire nor the Zire 21 had SD/SDIO/MMC expansion, which caused the devices to be shunned by handheld aficionados. As of August 2005, both of these handhelds had been discontinued, making the Palm Zire 31 the entry-level Palm-branded PDA citing a strong demand for color.

The Zire 21 was capable of displaying PDF files using the free Adobe Reader for Palm OS version 3. Like most Palm handhelds, text from the PDF file could be copied and pasted into other applications such as Memo Pad, greatly enhancing the utility of this cheap device. It was capable of, in effect, acting as a portable word processor, albeit a very basic one.

Palm Zire 31

The Palm Zire 31 was a budget multimedia-oriented device. While the display was still 160×160, it was now color. The Zire 31 had twice the RAM of the Zire 21 (16 MB, 13.8 MB usable), a 200 MHz Intel XScale PXA255 processor, an SD/SDIO/MMC expansion slot, Palm OS 5.2.8, a 3.5mm stereo headphone jack and a 5-way navigator, though the Zire 31 still retained the two application buttons, as opposed to the standard four on most other models. The ROM included RealOne Player giving the device some digital audio player capabilities and a photo album application. It didn't have a direct successor—the newer Palm Z22 was more akin to the Zire 21, albeit having the same 160×160 pixel CSTN 4096-color display as the Zire 31. While Zire 31 had the ability to play video (video player not included), the experience was limited by the maximum SD/MMC card size limit (1 GB, larger cards including SDHC are possible via 3rd party software), the poor screen resolution, color depth and passive matrix display technology.

Palm Z22
The Z22 was a successor of Zire 21, but the "Zire" moniker was dropped. Released October 12, 2005, it was available for US$149.95 as of July 2010. It had a CSTN 4096 color 160×160 display and featured 32 MB NVRAM (20 MB available to user) using NVFS, a Samsung 200 MHz processor, and Palm OS Garnet 5.4 operating system. It weighed 3.4 oz. Included in the box were cables for syncing with a computer via USB and for charging from a wall outlet, Palm Desktop software for Mac and Windows, and a screen protector.

Palm Zire 71

The Palm Zire 71 was Palm's first attempt at a PDA with a built-in digital camera. It was introduced on April 23, 2003. At the time of its release, the Zire 71 was the highest-end model in the Zire line, sporting a 144 MHz TI OMAP310 processor, 16 MB of RAM (13 MB usable), 320×320 TFT 16-Bit color screen, Palm OS 5.2.1, and a VGA-quality camera (300K pixel with 640×480 support). It also featured a small joystick for navigation, a departure from both the scroll buttons and 5-way navigator of other models. Audio playback capability was possible with the inclusion of a SD card slot and a Palm version of RealPlayer. To counter the slow file transfer rate for uploading songs to the device, Palm offered an MP3 playback kit that included a memory card writer. Its introduction price was $299, but later was reduced to $249 shortly before it was replaced by the Zire 72. The 71 still had some advantages over the 72, as the camera was constantly protected by a shell on the 71, and it retained the Palm "Universal Connector" that was being phased out.

The Zire 71 did not ship with any wireless capabilities other than its infrared port. Wi-Fi capability could be added to the Zire 71 via the SD slot. Only one Wi-Fi/SD card, SanDisk model SDWSDB-000-A10M, was reported to work with Zire 71. Wireless capabilities could also be added through the use of a folding portfolio, such as the Enfora Wireless LAN Portfolio.

Reviewers were impressed by the excellent quality of its LCD and the comparatively good quality of its camera relative to similar generation VGA digital cameras.

Certain users found issues with the sensitivity of the device's joystick, which on certain devices was prone to powering up the PDA inside pockets, bags, and other containers, thus draining the batteries. The recommended utilities for the Palm Zire 71 (and all other Palm-branded PDA users as well) addressing the in-pocket power-up problem are Alternatively, one could simply lessen the frequency of this occurring by inserting the PDA into its case top first (so that the joystick is at the wider end of the pocket). Additionally, after many cycles of opening and closing the camera, the flex-cable that connected the halves of the device could fracture. This led to the loss of charging, wired syncing and shutter button functionality as the IO connector and button resided on the back half of the device.
 * PocketProtector by Geakware;
 * Power by Whizoo;
 * OffAlready by Toysoft inc;
 * Disable Buttons (freeware) by Pasquale Foggia.

Palm Zire 72

The Palm Zire 72 was the successor to the Palm Zire 71. New features included Bluetooth, voice recording, and video capture with sound. The joystick was replaced with the standard 5-way navigator similar to that of the Tungsten models, and the camera was upgraded from 0.3 to 1.2-megapixels. The Zire 72 had 32 MB of RAM (25 MB usable) instead of 16 MB, a 312 MHz Intel PXA270 Processor instead of the previous TI OMAP Processor, and weighed 4.8oz as opposed to 5.3oz for the Zire 71. This model featured the updated suite of PIM apps, like the E, T3, and Z22 models. The Zire 72 was available in two models. The standard Zire 72 had a bright blue painted body with a silver back. The Zire 72 Special Edition was an all-silver model. The Zire 72, while it had more features than the Zire 71, was hit with a lot of criticism over time. Some users reported problems with the camera: the camera lens was not covered, the camera didn't work in low-light conditions, and broken pixels were common. (Third-party cases included a lens cover.) The screen quality, while good, was not as brilliant as the Palm Zire 71. Many users complained of the blue 'soft-touch' rubberized paint coating chipping and peeling after moderate use.

title: Zire Handheld


text:
2000 Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit

The 2000 Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit was a meeting of several high-level al-Qaeda members held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 5 January to 8 January 2000. During this conference, the September 11, 2001 attacks and October 2000 USS Cole bombing were planned. The CIA and Malaysian government came under fire for failing to identify members of the summit and arrest them before the attacks were successfully carried out.

The summit
The three-day-long meeting was held in the hotel room of Yazid Sufaat, a former Malaysian Army captain and businessman, in a hotel in Kuala Lumpur. The attendance consisted of Arab veterans of the Soviet–Afghan War, including Hambali, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Nawaf al-Hazmi, Khalid al-Mihdhar and Tawfiq bin Attash.

Before the meeting, the United States intercepted a telephone call to Yemen by al-Mihdhar concerning arrangements for the trip. Osama bin Laden had called that number dozens of times. By request of the CIA, the Malaysian authorities videotaped the meeting, but no sound recordings were made. The men were also photographed when they came out of the meeting. American investigators did not identify these men until much later. The attendance of Ramzi bin al-Shibh to the meeting was discovered by the investigators by looking into his credit card records. Sufaat was later arrested, but he denied that he knew any of the men and said that Hambali had arranged the meeting.

title: 2000 Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit


text:
2003 New Brunswick general election

The 2003 New Brunswick general election was held on June 9, 2003, to elect 55 members to the 55th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly. Although polls initially suggested a landslide victory for Premier Bernard Lord's Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, the dynamics of the race shifted after Shawn Graham, leader of the Liberal Party of New Brunswick, took on auto insurance rates as a key issue of his campaign. Lord and the Progressive Conservatives were ultimately re-elected by a narrow margin of just 2 seats.

Campaign
Leading up to the election, New Brunswick had its car insurance rates skyrocket. The Liberal Party of New Brunswick consequently focused its campaign on three points:
 * 1) improved universal health care,
 * 2) keeping the province's electric utility, NB Power, as a public crown corporation, and
 * 3) the lowering of automobile insurance rates.

On the other hand, the campaign of Premier Bernard Lord and his Progressive Conservative Party faced a number of problems, especially after changing its position on the key issue of auto insurance several times during the 30-day campaign.

The results were very close, and for most of election night as the results came in, the winner was unclear. Shawn Graham was even heard to remark on television as the night was drawing to a close that "Up to 5 minutes ago, I thought I was Premier".

New Democratic Party of New Brunswick leader Elizabeth Weir was the only member of her party to win a seat. The party ran 55 candidates throughout the province.

The newly founded but short-lived New Brunswick Grey Party, a branch of the Grey Party of Canada, also ran 10 candidates, including party leader Jim Webb.

Results by party
!rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Party !rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Party leader !rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|# of candidates !colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Seats !colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|Popular vote
 * - style="background-color:#CCCCCC"
 * - style="background-color:#CCCCCC"
 * style="text-align:center;" |1999
 * style="text-align:center;" | Dissolution
 * style="text-align:center;" |Elected
 * style="text-align:center;" |% Change
 * style="text-align:center;" |#
 * style="text-align:center;" |%
 * style="text-align:center;" |Change

 * style="text-align:left;" |Bernard Lord
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |44
 * style="text-align:right;" |46
 * style="text-align:right;" |28
 * style="text-align:right;" |-39.1%
 * style="text-align:right;" |174,092
 * style="text-align:right;" |45.45%
 * style="text-align:right;" |-7.6%

 * style="text-align:left;" |Shawn Graham
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |10
 * style="text-align:right;" |7
 * style="text-align:right;" |26
 * style="text-align:right;" |+271%
 * style="text-align:right;" |170,028
 * style="text-align:right;" |44.39%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+7.1%

 * style="text-align:left;" |Elizabeth Weir
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |36,989
 * style="text-align:right;" |9.66%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+0.9%

 * style="text-align:left;" |Jim Webb
 * style="text-align:right;" |10
 * style="text-align:right;" |n/a1
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |1,550
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.40%
 * style="text-align:right;" |n/a1

 * colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Independent
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |415
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.11%
 * style="text-align:right;" |-0.1%

 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |Vacant
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="5" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="3" |Total
 * style="text-align:right;" |177
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |383,074
 * colspan="2"|100%
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="11" |Source: http://www.gnb.ca/elections
 * } 1 The Grey Party did not contest the 1999 election.
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="11" |Source: http://www.gnb.ca/elections
 * } 1 The Grey Party did not contest the 1999 election.
 * } 1 The Grey Party did not contest the 1999 election.

Candidates
Party leaders and cabinet ministers are denoted in bold.

Northern New Brunswick

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|1. Restigouche West
 * Benoît Cyr 2,523
 * Burt Paulin 4,008
 * Antoine Duguay 257
 * Benoît Cyr
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|2. Campbellton
 * Jean F. Dubé 2,771
 * Roy Boudreau 3,979
 * Murray Mason 294
 * Jean F. Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|3. Dalhousie-Restigouche East
 * Paul McIntyre 3,088
 * Donald Arseneault 3,445
 * Joel Hickey 645
 * Dennis Furlong
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|4. Nigadoo-Chaleur
 * Hermel Vienneau 3,529
 * Roland Haché 3,887
 * Kate Hayward 380
 * Roland Haché
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|5. Bathurst
 * Nancy MacKay 3,252
 * Brian Kenny 3,348
 * Mark Robar 304
 * Marcelle Mersereau
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|6. Nepisiguit
 * Joel Bernard 2,200
 * Frank Branch 3,498
 * Normand Savoie 894
 * Joel Bernard
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|7. Caraquet
 * Gaston Moore 3,550
 * Hédard Albert 3,649
 * Gérard Béland 457
 * Gaston Moore
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|8. Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou
 * Paul Robichaud 4,788
 * Denis Roussel 2,846
 * Jean-Baptiste Bezeau 335
 * Paul Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|9. Centre-Péninsule
 * Louis-Philippe McGraw 3,045
 * Denis Landry 3,097
 * Rose Duguay 396
 * Louis-Phillipe McGraw
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Elvy Robichaud 4,583
 * Weldon McLaughlin 2,894
 * Stéphane Richardson 661
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * Nancy MacKay 3,252
 * Brian Kenny 3,348
 * Mark Robar 304
 * Marcelle Mersereau
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|6. Nepisiguit
 * Joel Bernard 2,200
 * Frank Branch 3,498
 * Normand Savoie 894
 * Joel Bernard
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|7. Caraquet
 * Gaston Moore 3,550
 * Hédard Albert 3,649
 * Gérard Béland 457
 * Gaston Moore
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|8. Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou
 * Paul Robichaud 4,788
 * Denis Roussel 2,846
 * Jean-Baptiste Bezeau 335
 * Paul Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|9. Centre-Péninsule
 * Louis-Philippe McGraw 3,045
 * Denis Landry 3,097
 * Rose Duguay 396
 * Louis-Phillipe McGraw
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Elvy Robichaud 4,583
 * Weldon McLaughlin 2,894
 * Stéphane Richardson 661
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * Gaston Moore
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|8. Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou
 * Paul Robichaud 4,788
 * Denis Roussel 2,846
 * Jean-Baptiste Bezeau 335
 * Paul Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|9. Centre-Péninsule
 * Louis-Philippe McGraw 3,045
 * Denis Landry 3,097
 * Rose Duguay 396
 * Louis-Phillipe McGraw
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Elvy Robichaud 4,583
 * Weldon McLaughlin 2,894
 * Stéphane Richardson 661
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * Louis-Philippe McGraw 3,045
 * Denis Landry 3,097
 * Rose Duguay 396
 * Louis-Phillipe McGraw
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Elvy Robichaud 4,583
 * Weldon McLaughlin 2,894
 * Stéphane Richardson 661
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Elvy Robichaud 4,583
 * Weldon McLaughlin 2,894
 * Stéphane Richardson 661
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * Stéphane Richardson 661
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }
 * Elvy Robichaud
 * }

Eastern New Brunswick

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|11. Miramichi Bay
 * Réjean Savoie 3,050
 * Carmel Robichaud 3,227
 * Hilaire Rouselle 729
 * Réjean Savoie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|12. Miramichi-Bay du Vin
 * Michael Malley 3,917
 * Frank Trevors 3,464
 * Dwayne Hancock 490
 * Michael Malley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|13. Miramichi Centre
 * Kim Jardine 3,149
 * John Foran 3,763
 * Lance Lyons 663
 * Kim Jardine
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|14. Southwest Miramichi
 * Norman Betts 2,823
 * Rick Brewer 3,395
 * Chris Ashford 332
 * Norman Betts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|15. Rogersville-Kouchibouguac
 * Rose-May Poirier 3,289
 * Maurice Richard 2,968
 * Oscar Doucet 404
 * Rose-May Poirier
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|16. Kent
 * Valmond Joseph Daigle 1,905
 * Shawn Graham 3,615
 * Jerry Cook 958
 * Shawn Graham
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|17. Kent South
 * Claude Williams 4,933
 * Stephen Doucet 4,065
 * Neil Gardner 671
 * Claude Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|18. Shediac-Cap-Pélé
 * Odette Babineau 3,063
 * Bernard Richard 6,464
 * Claudette Beland 313
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * Rick Brewer 3,395
 * Chris Ashford 332
 * Norman Betts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|15. Rogersville-Kouchibouguac
 * Rose-May Poirier 3,289
 * Maurice Richard 2,968
 * Oscar Doucet 404
 * Rose-May Poirier
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|16. Kent
 * Valmond Joseph Daigle 1,905
 * Shawn Graham 3,615
 * Jerry Cook 958
 * Shawn Graham
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|17. Kent South
 * Claude Williams 4,933
 * Stephen Doucet 4,065
 * Neil Gardner 671
 * Claude Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|18. Shediac-Cap-Pélé
 * Odette Babineau 3,063
 * Bernard Richard 6,464
 * Claudette Beland 313
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * Shawn Graham 3,615
 * Jerry Cook 958
 * Shawn Graham
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|17. Kent South
 * Claude Williams 4,933
 * Stephen Doucet 4,065
 * Neil Gardner 671
 * Claude Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|18. Shediac-Cap-Pélé
 * Odette Babineau 3,063
 * Bernard Richard 6,464
 * Claudette Beland 313
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * Neil Gardner 671
 * Claude Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|18. Shediac-Cap-Pélé
 * Odette Babineau 3,063
 * Bernard Richard 6,464
 * Claudette Beland 313
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * Odette Babineau 3,063
 * Bernard Richard 6,464
 * Claudette Beland 313
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * Bernard Richard
 * }
 * }

Southeastern New Brunswick
John Gallant (Grey) 72
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|19. Tantramar
 * Peter Mesheau 2,922
 * Susan Purdy 1,569
 * Geoff Martin 522
 * Peter Mesheau
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|20. Dieppe-Memramcook
 * Cy LeBlanc 5,541
 * Elie Richard 5,451
 * Hélène Lapointe 786
 * Cy LeBlanc
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|21. Moncton East
 * Bernard Lord 4,177
 * Chris Collins 3,113
 * Jean-Marie Nadeau 724
 * Bernard Lord
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|22. Moncton South
 * Joan MacAlpine 3,143
 * Norman Branch 2,710
 * Stéphane Drysdale 437
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Cy LeBlanc
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|21. Moncton East
 * Bernard Lord 4,177
 * Chris Collins 3,113
 * Jean-Marie Nadeau 724
 * Bernard Lord
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|22. Moncton South
 * Joan MacAlpine 3,143
 * Norman Branch 2,710
 * Stéphane Drysdale 437
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Jean-Marie Nadeau 724
 * Bernard Lord
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|22. Moncton South
 * Joan MacAlpine 3,143
 * Norman Branch 2,710
 * Stéphane Drysdale 437
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Joan MacAlpine 3,143
 * Norman Branch 2,710
 * Stéphane Drysdale 437
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Stéphane Drysdale 437
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Jean-Marc Dugas (Ind.) 226
 * Joan MacAlpine
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|23. Moncton North
 * René Landry 3,054
 * Mike Murphy 3,555
 * Nancy McBain 543
 * René Landry
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|24. Moncton Crescent
 * John Betts 4,230
 * Ray Goudreau 3,776
 * Richard Goulding 628
 * John Betts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|25. Petitcodiac
 * Wally Stiles 3,481
 * Bethany Dykstra 1,849
 * Tracy Trott 298
 * Dan Leaman (Grey) 120
 * Wally Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|26. Riverview
 * Bruce Fitch 3,794
 * Ward White 3,287
 * John Falconer 391
 * vacant
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 3,198
 * Clark Butland 2,311
 * Pat Pearson 457
 * Wayne Steeves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|28. Kings East
 * Doug Cosman 2,713
 * Leroy Armstrong 3,169
 * George Horton 996
 * Doug Cosman
 * }
 * Tracy Trott 298
 * Dan Leaman (Grey) 120
 * Wally Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|26. Riverview
 * Bruce Fitch 3,794
 * Ward White 3,287
 * John Falconer 391
 * vacant
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 3,198
 * Clark Butland 2,311
 * Pat Pearson 457
 * Wayne Steeves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|28. Kings East
 * Doug Cosman 2,713
 * Leroy Armstrong 3,169
 * George Horton 996
 * Doug Cosman
 * }
 * Wayne Steeves 3,198
 * Clark Butland 2,311
 * Pat Pearson 457
 * Wayne Steeves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|28. Kings East
 * Doug Cosman 2,713
 * Leroy Armstrong 3,169
 * George Horton 996
 * Doug Cosman
 * }
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|28. Kings East
 * Doug Cosman 2,713
 * Leroy Armstrong 3,169
 * George Horton 996
 * Doug Cosman
 * }
 * George Horton 996
 * Doug Cosman
 * }
 * Doug Cosman
 * }
 * Doug Cosman
 * }

Greater Saint John & Fundy Coast
Colby Fraser (Ind.) 189
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|29. Hampton-Belleisle
 * Bev Harrison 3,392
 * Bob Bates 2,736
 * Pat Hanratty 1,336
 * John Hughes (Grey) 208
 * Bev Harrison
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|30. Kennebecasis
 * Brenda Fowlie 3,265
 * Murray Driscoll 3,247
 * Kenneth Wilcox 970
 * Brenda Fowlie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|31. Saint John-Fundy
 * Rodney Weston 2,271
 * Stuart Jamieson 2,698
 * Liam Freill 517
 * Marjorie MacMurray (Grey) 172
 * Rodney Weston
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|32. Saint John-Kings
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney 3,135
 * Tom Young 2,456
 * Jeff Thibodeau 791
 * Mark LeBlanc (Grey) 145
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|33. Saint John Champlain
 * Mel Vincent 1,501
 * Roly MacIntyre 2,160
 * Ralph Thomas 1,507
 * Bill Richard Reid (Grey) 223
 * Carole Keddy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|34. Saint John Harbour
 * Dennis Boyle 1,286
 * Anne-Marie Mullin 1,231
 * Elizabeth Weir 1,929
 * Elizabeth Weir
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|35. Saint John Portland
 * Trevor Holder 2,436
 * Colleen Knudson 2,307
 * Mary Arseneau 1,191
 * Trevor Holder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|36. Saint John Lancaster
 * Norm McFarlane 2,633
 * Abel LeBlanc 2,942
 * Walter Lee 1,365
 * Jim Webb (Grey) 170
 * Norm McFarlane
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|37. Grand Bay-Westfield
 * Milt Sherwood 2,209
 * Kevin Quinn 1,991
 * Percy Ward 556
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Mel Vincent 1,501
 * Roly MacIntyre 2,160
 * Ralph Thomas 1,507
 * Bill Richard Reid (Grey) 223
 * Carole Keddy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|34. Saint John Harbour
 * Dennis Boyle 1,286
 * Anne-Marie Mullin 1,231
 * Elizabeth Weir 1,929
 * Elizabeth Weir
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|35. Saint John Portland
 * Trevor Holder 2,436
 * Colleen Knudson 2,307
 * Mary Arseneau 1,191
 * Trevor Holder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|36. Saint John Lancaster
 * Norm McFarlane 2,633
 * Abel LeBlanc 2,942
 * Walter Lee 1,365
 * Jim Webb (Grey) 170
 * Norm McFarlane
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|37. Grand Bay-Westfield
 * Milt Sherwood 2,209
 * Kevin Quinn 1,991
 * Percy Ward 556
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Colleen Knudson 2,307
 * Mary Arseneau 1,191
 * Trevor Holder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|36. Saint John Lancaster
 * Norm McFarlane 2,633
 * Abel LeBlanc 2,942
 * Walter Lee 1,365
 * Jim Webb (Grey) 170
 * Norm McFarlane
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|37. Grand Bay-Westfield
 * Milt Sherwood 2,209
 * Kevin Quinn 1,991
 * Percy Ward 556
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Walter Lee 1,365
 * Jim Webb (Grey) 170
 * Norm McFarlane
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|37. Grand Bay-Westfield
 * Milt Sherwood 2,209
 * Kevin Quinn 1,991
 * Percy Ward 556
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Milt Sherwood 2,209
 * Kevin Quinn 1,991
 * Percy Ward 556
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Percy Ward 556
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Ben Perry (Grey) 193
 * Milt Sherwood
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|38. Charlotte
 * Sharon Tucker 1,573
 * Rick Doucet 2,777
 * Patty Hooper 1,149
 * Harold Smith (Grey) 118
 * Sheldon Lee
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|39. Fundy Isles
 * Burton Flynn 1,124
 * Eric Allaby 1,359
 * Dick Grant 94
 * Eric Allaby
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|40. Western Charlotte
 * Tony Huntjens 2,854
 * Madeleine Drummie 2,662
 * Andrew Graham 554
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Eric Allaby 1,359
 * Dick Grant 94
 * Eric Allaby
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|40. Western Charlotte
 * Tony Huntjens 2,854
 * Madeleine Drummie 2,662
 * Andrew Graham 554
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|40. Western Charlotte
 * Tony Huntjens 2,854
 * Madeleine Drummie 2,662
 * Andrew Graham 554
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Andrew Graham 554
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * }

Greater Fredericton

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|41. Oromocto-Gagetown
 * Jody Carr 4,314
 * Maurice Harquail 2,140
 * Terry Hovey 392
 * James Lee (Grey) 129
 * Jody Carr
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|42. Grand Lake
 * David Jordan 2,058
 * Eugene McGinley 4,376
 * David Babineau 614
 * David Jordan
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|43. Fredericton North
 * D. Peter Forbes 3,211
 * T.J. Burke 4,163
 * Dennis Atchison 1,418
 * D. Peter Forbes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|44. Fredericton-Fort Nashwaak
 * Eric MacKenzie 2,364
 * Kelly Lamrock 2,925
 * Penny Ericson 1,531
 * Eric MacKenzie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|45. Fredericton South
 * Brad Green 3,309
 * Misty McLaughlin 2,797
 * Nan Luke 1,832
 * Brad Green
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|46. New Maryland
 * Keith Ashfield 3,719
 * Joan Kingston 3,502
 * Kay Nandlall 923
 * Keith Ashfield
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|47. York
 * Don Kinney 3,278
 * Scott Targett 3,783
 * Gary Hughes 618
 * Don Kinney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. Mactaquac
 * Kirk MacDonald 3,337
 * Ray Dillon 3,236
 * Phillip Morgan 817
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Penny Ericson 1,531
 * Eric MacKenzie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|45. Fredericton South
 * Brad Green 3,309
 * Misty McLaughlin 2,797
 * Nan Luke 1,832
 * Brad Green
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|46. New Maryland
 * Keith Ashfield 3,719
 * Joan Kingston 3,502
 * Kay Nandlall 923
 * Keith Ashfield
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|47. York
 * Don Kinney 3,278
 * Scott Targett 3,783
 * Gary Hughes 618
 * Don Kinney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. Mactaquac
 * Kirk MacDonald 3,337
 * Ray Dillon 3,236
 * Phillip Morgan 817
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Joan Kingston 3,502
 * Kay Nandlall 923
 * Keith Ashfield
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|47. York
 * Don Kinney 3,278
 * Scott Targett 3,783
 * Gary Hughes 618
 * Don Kinney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. Mactaquac
 * Kirk MacDonald 3,337
 * Ray Dillon 3,236
 * Phillip Morgan 817
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Gary Hughes 618
 * Don Kinney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. Mactaquac
 * Kirk MacDonald 3,337
 * Ray Dillon 3,236
 * Phillip Morgan 817
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Kirk MacDonald 3,337
 * Ray Dillon 3,236
 * Phillip Morgan 817
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * }

Upper Saint John River Valley

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|49. Woodstock
 * David Alward 4,605
 * Lorne Drake 2,400
 * Nancy Reid 286
 * David Alward
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|50. Carleton
 * Dale Graham 4,190
 * Grant Robinson 2,287
 * Betty Brown 482
 * Dale Graham
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|51. Victoria-Tobique
 * Dennis Campbell 2,001
 * Larry Kennedy 3,386
 * Harvey Bass 502
 * Larry Kennedy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|52. Grand Falls Region
 * Jean-Guy Laforest 2,586
 * Ron Ouellette 4,385
 * Pierre Cyr 192
 * Jean-Guy Laforest
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|53. Madawaska-la-Vallée
 * Percy Mockler 3,858
 * Claude Malenfant 1,848
 * Mario Fortunato 201
 * Percy Mockler
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|54. Edmundston
 * Madeleine Dubé 3,917
 * Margot Albert 1,841
 * Blair McInnis 110
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 3,965
 * Louis LaBrie 2,391
 * Jason Carney 187
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|52. Grand Falls Region
 * Jean-Guy Laforest 2,586
 * Ron Ouellette 4,385
 * Pierre Cyr 192
 * Jean-Guy Laforest
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|53. Madawaska-la-Vallée
 * Percy Mockler 3,858
 * Claude Malenfant 1,848
 * Mario Fortunato 201
 * Percy Mockler
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|54. Edmundston
 * Madeleine Dubé 3,917
 * Margot Albert 1,841
 * Blair McInnis 110
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 3,965
 * Louis LaBrie 2,391
 * Jason Carney 187
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Percy Mockler
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|54. Edmundston
 * Madeleine Dubé 3,917
 * Margot Albert 1,841
 * Blair McInnis 110
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 3,965
 * Louis LaBrie 2,391
 * Jason Carney 187
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 3,965
 * Louis LaBrie 2,391
 * Jason Carney 187
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Louis LaBrie 2,391
 * Jason Carney 187
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * }

title: 2003 New Brunswick general election


text:
User:Natevw

Occasional contributor. General personal info/links may be found on my personal site.

title: User:Natevw


text:
Personal organizer

A personal organizer, also known as a datebook, date log, daybook, day planner, personal analog assistant, book planner, year planner, or agenda (from Latin agenda – things to do), is a portable book or binder designed for personal management. It typically includes sections such as a diary, calendar, address book, blank paper, checklists, and additional useful information like maps and telephone codes. It is related to the separate desktop stationery items that have one or more of the same functions, such as appointment calendars, rolodexes, notebooks, and almanacs.

History
By the end of the 20th century, paper-and-binder personal organizers started to be replaced by electronic devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), personal information manager software, and online organizers. This process has accelerated in the beginning of the 21st century with the advent of smartphones, tablet computers, smartwatches and a variety of mobile apps which enhance the potential for personal organisation and productivity.

They were sometimes referred to as a filofax, after the UK-based company Filofax that produces a popular range of personal organiser wallets.

title: Personal organizer


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Talk:Gazelle, California

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Wadih el-Hage

Wadih Elias el-Hage (وديع الحاج, Wadī‘ al-Ḥāj) (born July 25, 1960) is a Lebanese and naturalized American citizen, who is serving life imprisonment in the United States based on conspiracy charges relating to the 1998 United States embassy bombings.

Struggling financially, he decided to move his family to Quetta, Pakistan, but returned to run the Al Kifah Refugee Center in Brooklyn after the death of Mustafa Shalabi. While running the al-Kifah Refugee Center he met some of the extremists involved in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. At the time of their trial, he was in Sudan working as a secretary for Osama Bin Laden. In 1996 and 1997, after Bin Laden left Sudan for Afghanistan, el-Hage worked in Nairobi, Kenya. Under the pretense of doing charity work, he organized the al-Qaeda network that planned and carried out the embassy bombing in Nairobi.

El-Hage was indicted and arrested in 1998, and convicted on all counts and sentenced to life without parole in 2001. His sentence was overturned in 2008 because it was based on federal mandatory sentencing guidelines invalidated by the US Supreme Court in 2005. He was re-sentenced to life without parole in 2013.

Early life
El-Hage was born in a Maronite Christian family on 25 July 1960 in Sidon, Lebanon, but grew up in Kuwait, where he converted to Islam. His family was so angered by his conversion that he was forced to leave home and was taken in by a Kuwaiti sheikh who paid for his education, including college. He traveled to the United States for college. From 1978, he studied urban planning at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, then-named the University of Southwestern Louisiana.

During the Soviet–Afghan War el-Hage traveled to Pakistan to work for a Saudi charity, returning to the US in 1985. He married 18 year old April Ray, an American citizen who had recently converted to Islam, gaining American citizenship in 1989.

El-Hage interrupted his schooling to travel to Afghanistan via Pakistan, although his lifelong physical disability prevented any direct participation in the fighting against the USSR, he instead worked for a Saudi charity called the Muslim World League. He was reportedly under Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, an important figure in the early history of al-Qaeda. El-Hage returned to his university in January 1985, graduating in 1986. He married an 18-year-old American Muslim named April and relocated to Arizona. There he held several low-wage jobs, including city custodian. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1989.

Over the next few years, the el-Hage family traveled repeatedly to Pakistan, initially taking along his mother-in-law and her husband. In an interview with PBS Frontline, el-Hage's mother-in-law said, "I was the matron surgical nurse at an Afghan surgical hospital. Wadih did not actually fight, but acted as an educator. My husband went with Wadih to deliver textbooks and Qur'ans to the young people. It was a Jihad, a fight for Islam."

Background
At an Islamic conference in Oklahoma in December 1989, el-Hage met Mahmud Abouhalima, who was later convicted for his part in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. El-Hage's prosecutors say that Abouhalima told el-Hage to buy a .38 caliber revolver. El Sayyid Nosair used that revolver to kill Rabbi Meir Kahane.

At some later point, el-Hage moved with his family to Arlington, Texas. He was called to the Brooklyn charity Alkifah Refugee Center, by the group's office in Tucson, via el-Hage's mosque in Arlington. Family members acknowledge that he was in contact with the Alkifah group, and say that he was called in to mediate a dispute. A week later, the group's leader, Mustafa Shalabi, was found stabbed to death in an apartment that he shared with Abouhalima. This murder is unsolved. El-Hage's family said that he cried when he heard that Shalabi was dead.

In January 1992, el-Hage was arrested for writing false checks. In the car with him was Marwan Salama, whose phone records show his contact with the conspirators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

Shortly thereafter, el-Hage moved his family to Sudan and worked as a secretary for Osama bin Laden, who operated a network of businesses and charities, some of them fronts, in East Africa at the time. El-Hage often travelled to Europe in this capacity. Prosecutors believe that el-Hage became a key aide to Bin Laden.

In 1994, his wife April convinced el-Hage to leave Sudan and stop working for Bin Laden's organization there. As his mother in law said, "April would have none of that. She is Muslim, but she is also American, and she wouldn't stand for it." However, prosecutors believe that el-Hage continued to work for bin Laden's organisation in Nairobi, Kenya. In Kenya, he became the director of Help Africa People, a Muslim charity organization, which Kenyan documents say helped control malaria. El-Hage also made money in the jewelry business. Prosecutors say that el-Hage was in contact in Kenya with Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri, who was al-Qaeda's #2 member until his death in 1996. The badly wanted al-Qaeda suspect Fazul Abdullah Mohammed moved in and worked at the house as a secretary. A letter, Mohammed Saddiq Odeh, admitted knowing el-Hage in Nairobi and said that el-Hage attended his wedding.

On August 21, 1997, el-Hage's home in Nairobi was raided by Nairobi Police and FBI agents who had a search warrant. Wadih was away in Afghanistan during the raid and documents and a computer were taken from the home. His wife and mother said that they were told by the authorities that they should go back to the United States. Two days later, el-Hage was questioned upon his return from Afghanistan and told to leave Kenya. In September 1997, he returned to Arlington with his family; several accounts say that he sold all of his possessions to fund the trip.

Arrest & trial
A year after el-Hage returned to America with his family, the U.S. embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya were attacked with truck bombs on August 7, 1998. Two weeks after the attacks, the FBI interviewed el-Hage and questioned him about his connection to Osama bin Laden. During this interview, el-Hage denied knowing Mohammed Odeh and claimed he didn't recognize a picture of him. He also testified before a grand jury investigating the embassy attacks where he claimed to have never known al-Banshiri, Odeh or other associates of bin-Laden. Soon after, he was arrested on charges of perjury and conspiracy to kill American nationals. After a six-month trial, el-Hage was convicted of conspiracies to kill U.S. nationals; to murder U.S. government employees and internationally protected persons; and to destroy buildings and property of the United States as well as multiple counts of perjury. On October 18, 2001, he was sentenced to life in prison.

In 2008, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals reversed his sentence, citing a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down the mandatory application of federal sentencing guidelines used in his case. His resentencing was scheduled for 2009, but his defense asked that the date be pushed back. In April 2013, he was sentenced to life in prison and additionally ordered to pay $33.8 million in restitution. He is incarcerated at Florence ADMAX USP, his Bureau of Prisons number 42393-054.

title: Wadih el-Hage