text:
Bonnie Dundee

Bonnie Dundee is the title of a poem and a song written by Walter Scott in 1825 in honour of John Graham, 7th Laird of Claverhouse, who was created 1st Viscount Dundee in November 1688, then in 1689 led a Jacobite rising in which he died, becoming a Jacobite hero.

The older tune Bonny Dundee adapted by Scott had already been used for several songs appearing under variations of that title and referring to the bonnie town of Dundee rather than to Claverhouse. Scott's song has been used as a regimental march by several Scottish regiments in the British Army, as well as the official Canter for the Royal Horse Artillery.

Bonny Dundee: tunes and songs
Bonny Dundee is a very old Scottish folk-tune used for at least fifteen songs. A simpler version of the tune appears in the Skene manuscript around 1630 under the title Adew, Dundee. The title Bonny Dundee for the tune appears in an appendix to John Playford's 1688 edition of The Dancing Master, an English publication. The tune has been used for the following popular song:
 * O whaur gat ye that hauver-meal bannock?
 * Silly blind body, O dinna ye see?
 * I gat it frae a brisk sodger laddie,
 * Atween Saint Johnstone and Bonnie Dundee.

 * O, gin I saw the laddie that gae me't!
 * Aft has he doudl'd me on o' his knee.
 * But now he's awa', and I dinner ken whaur he's,
 * O gin he was back to his minnie and me!

"Saint Johnstone" refers to Perth, and "Bonny Dundee" is the town of Dundee. This song was parodied in English publications of the early 18th century with coarser wording, under the title Jockey's Deliverance, or the Valiant Escape from Dundee, to be sung "to an Excellent Tune, called Bonny Dundee." A 1719 collection titled the parody Jockey's Escape from Dundee; and the Parsons Daughter whom he had Mowd, and its chorus featured variations on "Come open the Gates, and let me go free, And shew me the way to bonny Dundee". Robert Burns rewrote the second verse of the original, so that the latter lines were "May Heaven protect my Bonnie Scots laddie, and send him safe hame to his baby and me." He added a concluding verse with the promise to the baby to "bigg a bower on yon bonnie banks, where Tay rins dimpling by sae clear", alluding to the River Tay. Another version of the original, titled Scots Callan O' Bonnie Dundee, refers to a callant (lad) rather than a soldier, and a "bonnie blue bonnet" instead of a bannock.

The tune is used for unrelated words in a broadside ballad published in 1701 under the title Bonny Dundee, suggesting that it was to be sung to this melody, and in John Gay's The Beggar's Opera published in 1765.

Graham of Claverhouse
From 1668 John Graham, the laird of Claverhouse was at the forefront of Royalist repression of the Covenanters, for which he was called "Bluidy Clavers" (Bloody Claverhouse) by his covenanting opponents. In 1688 he was made 1st Viscount of Dundee by James VII of Scotland (James II of England). When William of Orange overturned James in 1688 in what was called the Glorious Revolution, Claverhouse was one of the few Scottish nobles who remained loyal to James. After trying to influence the Convention of Estates of Scotland on James's behalf, at some danger to himself, he led his cavalry out of Edinburgh to carry on the struggle in the field and was killed at the moment of victory in the battle of Killiecrankie (1689). His forces were subsequently defeated at the Battle of Dunkeld. Over a century later he was immortalised in a poem by Walter Scott which was later adapted into a song.

Walter Scott's poem
Walter Scott's novel Old Mortality, published in 1816, gives a sympathetic portrait of Claverhouse. The story mentions one of Claverhouse's troopers "humming the lively Scottish air, 'Between Saint Johnstone and Bonny Dundee, I'll gar ye be fain to follow me'." In this, "Saint Johnstone" refers to Perth, and "Bonny" was the common description of the town of Dundee before Scott transferred the description to Claverhouse.

On 22 December 1825 Scott wrote in his journal: "The air of ‘Bonnie Dundee’ running in my head today I [wrote] a few verses to it before dinner, taking the key-note from the story of Claverse leaving the Scottish Convention of Estates in 1688-9."

Scott sent a copy of the verses to his daughter-in-law Jane, mentioning that his great-grandfather had been among Claverhouse's followers and describing himself as "a most incorrigible Jacobite". This is a comic exaggeration, but Scott's ballad is certainly written from the point of view of Claverhouse, whom he had already celebrated in his novel Old Mortality (1816). It consists of eleven stanzas, which Scott admitted was "greatly too long" (Letters, vol. 9, p. 350), with a refrain copied from the traditional song Jockey's Escape from Dundee.

The poem was first published in a miscellany, The Christmas Box (1828-9), and then included as a song in Scott's unperformed play The Doom of Devorgoil (1830). Later adaptations for singing include only stanzas 1, 2, 8 and 10, with the refrain. After Scott's death, many changes were made in the text in different republications. Some add extra Scotticisms, e.g. "To the lords" becomes "Tae the lairds". The authentic long text below comes from The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. (12 vols., 1833-4), ed. J. G. Lockhart (vol. 12, pp. 903–4).

Scott's original poem

 * To the Lords of Convention 'twas Clavers who spoke.
 * 'Ere the King's crown shall fall there are crowns to be broke;
 * So let each Cavalier who loves honour and me,
 * Come follow the bonnet of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, come fill up my can,
 * Come saddle your horses, and call up your men;
 * Come open the West Port and let me gae free,
 * And it's room for the bonnets of Bonny Dundee!

 * Dundee he is mounted, he rides up the street,
 * The bells are rung backward, the drums they are beat;
 * But the Provost, douce man, said, "Just e'en let him be,
 * The Gude Town is weel quit of that De'il Dundee."
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * As he rode down the sanctified bends of the Bow,
 * Ilk carline was flyting and shaking her pow;
 * But the young plants of grace they looked couthie and slee,
 * Thinking luck to thy bonnet, thou Bonny Dundee!
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * With sour-featured Whigs the Grass-market was crammed,
 * As if half the West had set tryst to be hanged;
 * There was spite in each look, there was fear in each e'e,
 * As they watched for the bonnets of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * These cowls of Kilmarnock had spits and had spears,
 * And lang-hafted gullies to kill cavaliers;
 * But they shrunk to close-heads and the causeway was free,
 * At the toss of the bonnet of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * He spurred to the foot of the proud Castle rock,
 * And with the gay Gordon he gallantly spoke;
 * "Let Mons Meg and her marrows speak twa words or three,
 * For the love of the bonnet of Bonny Dundee."
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * The Gordon demands of him which way he goes?
 * "Where'er shall direct me the shade of Montrose!
 * Your Grace in short space shall hear tidings of me,
 * Or that low lies the bonnet of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * "There are hills beyond Pentland and lands beyond Forth,
 * If there's lords in the Lowlands, there's chiefs in the North;
 * There are wild Duniewassals three thousand times three,
 * Will cry hoigh! for the bonnet of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * "There's brass on the target of barkened bull-hide;
 * There's steel in the scabbard that dangles beside;
 * The brass shall be burnished, the steel shall flash free,
 * At the toss of the bonnet of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * "Away to the hills, to the caves, to the rocks
 * Ere I own an usurper, I'll couch with the fox;
 * And tremble, false Whigs, in the midst of your glee,
 * You have not seen the last of my bonnet and me!"
 * Come fill up my cup, etc.

 * He waved his proud hand, the trumpets were blown,
 * The kettle-drums clashed and the horsemen rode on,
 * Till on Ravelston's cliffs and on Clermiston's lee
 * Died away the wild war-notes of Bonny Dundee.
 * Come fill up my cup, come fill up my can,
 * Come saddle the horses, and call up the men,
 * Come open your gates, and let me gae free,
 * For it's up with the bonnets of Bonny Dundee!

The song
There are several versions of the song and a common one is given here.

 * 1. Tae the lairds i' convention t'was Claverhouse spoke
 * E'er the Kings crown go down, there'll be crowns to be broke;
 * Then let each cavalier who loves honour and me
 * Come follow the bonnet o' bonnie Dundee.

 * Chorus:
 * Come fill up my cup, come fill up my can
 * Saddle my horses and call out my men
 * And it's Ho! for the west port and let us gae free,
 * And we'll follow the bonnets o' bonnie Dundee!

 * 2. Dundee he is mounted, he rides doon the street,
 * The bells they ring backwards, the drums they are beat,
 * But the Provost, douce man, says "Just e'en let him be
 * For the toon is well rid of that de'il o' Dundee."

 * Chorus:

 * 3. There are hills beyond Pentland and lands beyond Forth,
 * Be there lairds i' the south, there are chiefs i' the north!
 * There are brave duniewassals, three thousand times three
 * Will cry "Hoy!" for the bonnets o' bonnie Dundee.

 * Chorus:

 * 4. Then awa' to the hills, to the lea, to the rocks
 * E'er I own a usurper, I'll couch wi' the fox!
 * Then tremble, false Whigs, in the midst o' your glee
 * Ye ha' no seen the last o' my bonnets and me.
 * Chorus:

Scott's attribution of the tune
To help Jane identify the tune, Scott gave a few lines from each of three songs for which it had been used. His first quotation is from Jockey's Escape from Dundee; the second is from Scots Callan o' Bonnie Dundee (though a version of these lines also appears in Jockey's Escape); and the third is from John Gay, The Beggar's Opera (1728; Air LVII, The Charge is prepar'd).

The transcriptions of the tune for different sets of words vary both in notes and in rhythmic phrasing. The version in The Beggar's Opera differs most widely, with most of the dotted rhythms smoothed out into a regular succession of crotchets. We cannot say whether Scott had any particular variation in mind; he professed to have a good ear for time but little or none for tune. All are in a minor key, and their melancholy and their subtle rhythms will surprise anyone familiar only with the setting now best known.

This later setting, with its cheerful major key and cantering rhythm, suits both the spirit of Scott's lines and their metre, and makes an excellent cavalry march. Scott might well have approved: he intended the verses "to be sung a la militaire" and not as the song is in The Beggars Opera. In this tune, too, variations occur in different publications.

The origin of this immensely popular tune is uncertain. It makes use of the Lombard rhythm or "Scotch snap", and may owe something to Scottish folk-song. It seems first to have been used about 1850 and was associated with the contralto and composer Charlotte Dolby, later Sainton-Dolby (1821–85). The sheet music of Bonnie Dundee was published by Boosey & Sons as "sung by Miss Dolby" and (after 1860) "sung by Madame Sainton-Dolby", but Boosey credits her only with performing the song and arranging the accompaniment; no composer is named, and Boosey lists the piece as a Scotch Air. However, Bonnie Dundee has been included among Dolby's works.

It has been suggested that the melody comes from a piano piece called The Band at a Distance, and that it was Dolby who first combined this tune with Scott's words. A score for piano or harp called The Band at a Distance, by Nicolas-Charles Bochsa, was published by Walker & Son c. 1830, but has no resemblance to Bonnie Dundee.

In the Scottish Orpheus (1897), Adam Hamilton gives the song as "Composed by Dr E. F. Rimbault. Arranged by Edward Rimbault Dibdin" (p. 52). This attribution has not been confirmed. Edward Francis Rimbault (1816-1876) was a prolific writer of and about music, but his songs are not listed separately in any bibliography. His name sometimes appears as having "arranged" Bonnie Dundee.

Marches
The song is the authorized regimental march for the following Canadian regiments:
 * The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery (gallop past)
 * 1st Hussars
 * The Brockville Rifles
 * The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders
 * The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry)
 * The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada (D Company)

It is used by several British cavalry regiments and the Royal Horse Artillery, in addition to being the regimental march for Tayforth Universities Officers Training Corps which is based in Dundee

Parodies and alternative versions
Scott's song was parodied by Lewis Carroll in Through the Looking-Glass and by Rudyard Kipling in The Jungle Book.

William McGonagall praised the town of Dundee in 1878.

A 1904 broadside ballad titled The Bailies of Bonnie Dundee parodied Scott's song to raise accusations of corruption by members of Dundee's burgh council.

Lewis Carroll
From Chapter IX of Through the Looking-Glass, 1871:

 * To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said
 * "I've a sceptre in hand, I've a crown on my head.
 * Let the Looking-Glass creatures, whatever they be
 * Come dine with the Red Queen, the White Queen and Me!"

 * Then fill up the glasses as quick as you can,
 * And sprinkle the table with buttons and bran:
 * Put cats in the coffee, and mice in the tea--
 * And welcome Queen Alice with thirty-times-three!

 * "O Looking-Glass creatures," quoth Alice, "draw near!
 * 'Tis an honour to see me, a favour to hear:
 * 'Tis a privilege high to have dinner and tea
 * Along with the Red Queen, the White Queen, and Me!"

 * Then fill up the glasses with treacle and ink,
 * Or anything else that is pleasant to drink:
 * Mix sand with the cider, and wool with the wine--
 * And welcome Queen Alice with ninety-times-nine!

William McGonagall
William McGonagall returned to the idea of praising the town in Bonnie Dundee in 1878. The opening lines quoted below exemplify McGonagall's inimitable style:
 * Oh, Bonnie Dundee! I will sing in thy praise
 * A few but true simple lays,
 * Regarding some of your beauties of the present day
 * And virtually speaking, there’s none can them gainsay;
 * There’s no other town I know of with you can compare
 * For spinning mills and lasses fair,
 * And for stately buildings there’s none can excel
 * The beautiful Albert Institute or the Queen’s Hotel,

Orthodoxee
In 1892 there was a protest in the Highlands of Scotland against the Free Church of Scotland's Declaratory Act, which modified the denomination's adherence to the orthodoxy of the Westminster Confession of Faith and "abandoned the whole system of thought for which it stood." Initially the protest was led by Rev. Murdoch Macaskill of Dingwall, though he did not in the end separate with the two ministers from Syke who created the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1893.

The poem 'Orthodoxee' was published in the 'Grantown Supplement' weekly newspaper, Grantown-on-Spey, on 25 June 1892.

 * Orthodoxee
 * (To the tune: 'Bonnie Dundee')

 * To the Highland Convention Macaskill thus spoke -
 * "If the Free Kirk’s not ‘sound’ there’s a kirk to be broke,
 * Then each sturdy supporter of orthodoxee,
 * Let him follow the lead of Mackenzie and me."

 * Chorus:
 * "Come wallop me, Dods, come wallop me, Bruce,
 * Come saddle me, Drummond, with loads of abuse;
 * Unloosen your tongues like Balfour and me,
 * Or it’s up with the prospects of orthodoxee."

 * "Mackenzie he is roused, he has got on his feet:
 * He’ll break the Free Kirk ere he’ll sound a retreat."
 * (But Rainy, douse man, said, "Just e’en let it be,
 * For the Kirk is well rid o’ their orthodoxee.")

 * "If the Kirk is determined, for all it is worth,
 * To alter its Creed, we’ll disrupt in the North,
 * For all the adherents of orthodoxee
 * Are ready to swear by Mackenzie and me."

 * "Then away to the hills; set the heather ablaze,
 * And raise such a smoke as you only can raise:
 * We’ll see if we can’t make these heretics be
 * More tenderly careful of orthodoxee."

Rudyard Kipling
From "Parade Song of the Camp Animals", which follows the story "Her Majesty's Servants", in The Jungle Book published in 1894:

 * By the brand on my shoulder, the finest of tunes
 * Is played by the Lancers, Hussars, and Dragoons,
 * And it's sweeter than "Stables" or "Water" to me--
 * The Cavalry Canter of "Bonnie Dundee"!

 * Then feed us and break us and handle and groom,
 * And give us good riders and plenty of room,
 * And launch us in column of squadron and see
 * The way of the war-horse to "Bonnie Dundee"!

Riding a Raid (Traditional)
During the American Civil War traditional English, Irish, and Scottish songs were often sung or modified. The Confederates did this very often. The song Riding a Raid takes place during the 1862 Antietam Campaign. J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry set off on a screening movement on the flank of Robert E. Lee's army in order to give Lee time to prepare his army to meet the Union Army after Northern general George B. McClellan had gained information on Lee's location and plans. The Campaign would culminate in the battle of Antietam, or Sharpsburg as the Confederates called it. This would be the bloodiest day in American history and while the battle was indecisive, Lee was forced to abandon any hope of continuing the campaign.

 * Riding a Raid

 * 'Tis old Stonewall the Rebel that leans on his sword,
 * And while we are mounting prays low to the Lord:
 * "Now each cavalier that loves honor and right,
 * Let him follow the feather of Stuart tonight."

 * Chorus:
 * Come tighten your girth and slacken your rein;
 * Come buckle your blanket and holster again;
 * Try the click of your trigger and balance your blade,
 * For he must ride sure that goes riding a raid.

 * Now gallop, now gallop to swim or to ford!
 * Old Stonewall, still watching, prays low to the Lord:
 * "Goodbye, dear old Rebel! The river's not wide,
 * And Maryland's lights in her window to guide."

 * Chorus:

 * There's a man in the White House with blood on his mouth!
 * If there's knaves in the North, there are braves in the South.
 * We are three thousand horses, and not one afraid;
 * We are three thousand sabres and not a dull blade.

 * Chorus:

 * Then gallop, then gallop by ravines and rocks!
 * Who would bar us the way take his toll in hard knocks;
 * For with these points of steel, on the line of the Penn
 * We have made some fine strokes -- and we'll make 'em again

 * Chorus:

Second Boer War
During the final phase of the Second Boer War, Afrikaner residents of Winburg taunted the local British garrison with a parody of Bonnie Dundee, which was typically sung in English. The parody celebrated the guerrilla warfare of Boer commando Christiaan De Wet.

 * De Wet he is mounted, he rides up the street
 * The English skedaddle an A1 retreat!
 * And the commander swore: They've got through the net
 * That's been spread with such care for Christiaan De Wet.

 * There are hills beyond Winburg and Boers on each hill
 * Sufficient to thwart ten generals' skill
 * There are stout-hearted burghers 10,000 men set
 * On following the Mausers of Christian De Wet.

 * Then away to the hills, to the veld, to the rocks
 * Ere we own a usurper we'll crouch with the fox
 * And tremble false Jingoes amidst all your glee
 * Ye have not seen the last of my Mausers and me!

title: Bonnie Dundee


text:
User:Swagatk

I am a graduate student at Indian Institute of technology, Kanpur. My area of interest include intelligent control.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Swagatk


text:
Henri Cartan

Henri Paul Cartan (8 July 1904 – 13 August 2008) was a French mathematician who made substantial contributions to algebraic topology.

He was the son of the mathematician Élie Cartan, nephew of mathematician Anna Cartan, oldest brother of composer, physicist and mathematician , and the son-in-law of physicist Pierre Weiss.

Life
According to his own words, Henri Cartan was interested in mathematics at a very young age, without being influenced by his family. He moved to Paris with his family after his father's appointment at Sorbonne in 1909 and he attended secondary school at Lycée Hoche in Versailles.

In 1923 he started studying mathematics at École Normale Supérieure, receiving an agrégation in 1926 and a doctorate in 1928. His PhD thesis, entitled Sur les systèmes de fonctions holomorphes a variétés linéaires lacunaires et leurs applications, was supervised by Paul Montel.

Cartan taught at Lycée Malherbe in Caen from 1928 to 1929, at University of Lille from 1929 to 1931 and at University of Strasbourg from 1931 to 1939. After the German invasion of France the university staff was moved to Clermont Ferrand, but in 1940 he returned to Paris to work at Université de Paris and École Normale Supérieure. From 1969 until his retirement in 1975 he was professor at Paris-Sud University.

Cartan died on 13 August 2008 at the age of 104. His funeral took place the following Wednesday on 20 August in Die, Drome.

Honours and awards
In 1932 Cartan was invited to give a Cours Peccot at the Collège de France. In 1950 he was elected president of the Société mathématique de France and from 1967 to 1970 he was president of the International Mathematics Union. He was awarded the Émile Picard Medal in 1959, the CNRS Gold Medal in 1976, and the Wolf Prize in 1980.

He was an invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematics in 1932 in Zürich and a Plenary Speaker at the ICM in 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts and in 1958 in Edinburgh.

From 1974 until his death he had been a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was elected a foreign member of many academies and societies, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1950), London Mathematical Society (1959), Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (1962), (1967), Royal Society of London (1971), Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1971), Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences (1971), United States National Academy of Sciences (1972), Bavarian Academy of Science (1974), Royal Academy of Belgium (1978), Japan Academy (1979), Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (1979), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1981), Polish Academy of Sciences (1985) and Russian Academy of Sciences (1999).

He was awarded Honorary Doctorates from Münster (1952), ETH Zürich (1955), Oslo (1961), Sussex (1969), Cambridge (1969), Stockholm (1978), Oxford University (1980), Zaragoza (1985) and Athens (1992).

The French government named him Commandeur des Palmes Académiques in 1964, Officier de la Légion d'honneur in 1965 and Commandeur de l'Ordre du Mérite in 1971.

Political and social activities
During the 70's and the 80's Cartan used his influence to help obtain the release of several dissident mathematicians, including Leonid Plyushch and Anatoly Shcharansky, imprisoned by the Soviet Union, Jose Luis Massera, imprisoned between 1975 and 1984 by the Uruguayan dictatorship, and Sion Assidon, imprisoned during the Moroccan Years of Lead. For his humanitarian efforts, he received in 1989 the Heinz R. Pagels Human Rights of Scientists Award from the New York Academy of Sciences.

Since the 30's Cartan had tight collaborations with many German mathematicians, including Heinrich Behnke and Peter Thullen. Right after World War II he put many efforts to improve the cooperation between French and German mathematicians and restore the flow of exchanges of ideas and students.

Cartan supported the idea of European Federalism and from 1974 to 1985 was president of the French section of the Union of European Federalists. At the 1984 European elections he was the leader of the Liste pour les États-Unis d'Europe, which obtained 0.4% of votes and did not elect any candidate.

In 1992 he gave a speech at the first European Congress of Mathematics in Paris, remarking the common heritage and future of European countries and praising the first reunion between mathematicians from the two previously separated parts of Europe.

Research
Cartan has worked in several fields across algebra, geometry and analysis, focussing primarily on algebraic topology and homological algebra.

He was a founding member of the Bourbaki group in 1934 and one of its most active participants. After 1945 he started his own seminar in Paris, which deeply influenced Jean-Pierre Serre, Armand Borel, Alexander Grothendieck and Frank Adams, amongst others of the leading lights of the younger generation. The number of his official students was small, but includes Joséphine Guidy Wandja (the first African woman to gain a PhD in mathematics), Adrien Douady, Roger Godement, Max Karoubi, Jean-Louis Koszul, Jean-Pierre Serre and René Thom.

Cartan's first research interests, until the 40's, were in the theory of functions of several complex variables, which later gave rise to the theory of complex varieties and analytic geometry. Motivated by the solution to the Cousin problems, he worked on sheaf cohomology and coherent sheaves and proved two powerful results, Cartan's theorems A and B.

Since the 50's he became more interested in algebraic topology. Among his major contributions, he worked on cohomology operations and homology of the Eilenberg–MacLane spaces, he introduced the notion of Steenrod algebra, and, together with Jean-Pierre Serre, developed the method of "killing homotopy groups". His 1956 book with Samuel Eilenberg on homological algebra was an important text, treating the subject with a moderate level of abstraction with the help of category theory. They introduced fundamental concepts, including those of projective module, weak dimension, and what is now called the Cartan–Eilenberg resolution.

Among his other contributions, in general topology he introduced the notions of filter and ultrafilter and in potential theory he developed the fine topology and proved Cartan's lemma. The Cartan model for equivariant cohomology is also named after him.

Selected publications

 * Espaces fibrés et homotopie, (Séminaire Henri Cartan Tome 2 (1949–1950))
 * Cohomologie des groupes, suite spectrale, faisceaux, (Séminaire Henri Cartan Tome 3 (1950–1951))
 * Algèbres d'Eilenberg – Mac Lane et homotopie, (Séminaire Henri Cartan Tome 7 no2. (1954–1955))
 * Fonctions automorphes,(Séminaire Henri Cartan Tome 10 no2. (1957–1958))
 * Quelques questions de topologie, 1958.
 * Homological Algebra (with S. Eilenberg), Princeton Univ Press, 1956 ISBN 978-0-69104991-5
 * Séminaires de l'École normale supérieure (called "Séminaires Cartan"), Secr. Math. IHP, 1948-1964; New York, W.A.Benjamin ed., 1967.
 * Théorie élémentaire des fonctions analytiques, Paris, Hermann, 1961 (translated into English, German, Japanese, Spanish and Russian).
 * Calcul différentiel, Paris, Hermann, 1967 (translated into English, Spanish and Russian).
 * Formes différentielles, Paris, Hermann, 1967 (translated into English, Spanish and Russian).
 * Differential Forms, Dover 2006
 * Œuvres — Collected Works, 3 vols., ed. Reinhold Remmert & Jean-Pierre Serre, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1967.
 * Relations d'ordre en théorie des permutations des ensembles finis, Neuchâtel, 1973.
 * Théorie élémentaire des fonctions analytiques d'une ou plusieurs variables complexes, Paris, Hermann, 1975. ISBN 9782705652159
 * Cours de calcul différentiel, Paris, Hermann, 1977.
 * Relations d'ordre en théorie des permutations des ensembles finis, Neuchâtel, 1973.
 * Théorie élémentaire des fonctions analytiques d'une ou plusieurs variables complexes, Paris, Hermann, 1975. ISBN 9782705652159
 * Cours de calcul différentiel, Paris, Hermann, 1977.
 * Relations d'ordre en théorie des permutations des ensembles finis, Neuchâtel, 1973.
 * Théorie élémentaire des fonctions analytiques d'une ou plusieurs variables complexes, Paris, Hermann, 1975. ISBN 9782705652159
 * Cours de calcul différentiel, Paris, Hermann, 1977.
 * Cours de calcul différentiel, Paris, Hermann, 1977.

title: Henri Cartan


text:
Help:Archiving a talk page

It is customary to periodically archive old discussions on a talk page when the talk page becomes too large. Archiving is often done automatically by a bot. Step-by-step instructions to set up automated archiving can be found at Help:Archiving (plain and simple). There are two main bots that archive talk pages:

 * User:ClueBot III will create archives based on the parameters set using User:ClueBot III/ArchiveThis.
 * User:Lowercase sigmabot III will create archives based on the parameters set using User:MiszaBot/config.

Archives can also be created manually. Manual archiving can be done by hand by cutting and pasting from a talk page to an archive subpage. One click archiving streamlines this process by adding an archive button to all talk page sections.

Only noticeboards and talk pages are archived because both can become very long. The talk page guidelines suggest archiving when the talk page exceeds 75 KB (or 75,000 bytes) or has multiple resolved or stale discussions. Older discussions that are still relevant can be summarized and linked using the template. Archiving one's own user talk page is preferred but optional; some users simply blank the page.

Technical overview
There are several standard ways to archive a talk page. Each consists of cutting and pasting sections from a talk page to an "Archive" subpage. The sections can archived manually or automatically. Manual archiving is done by editing the page by hand or using a one click archiving script that adds an archive button to talk page sections. Automatic archiving is done by a bot. There are two widely archiving bots, User:ClueBot III and User:Lowercase sigmabot III.

The most common method of naming talk page archives is with sequentially numbered archives. For example:

 * The 20th archive of Talk:Earth would be named
 * The first archive of User talk:Example would be named

Remember to use the correct namespace – the part before the colon – when archiving your own user talk page. It should start with " ", not " ".

Alternatively, archives are often named chronologically. Archive templates will not automatically detect subpages with unusual names.

Are there any existing archived talk pages?
Most of the methods here rely on checking if any archived talk pages already exist, and placing the new sections to be archived either into the most recent archive, or in a new archive numerically sequenced one above the existing archive. There is a search to check if any subpages exist under a talk page (and archived pages are usually placed in subpages of the existing talk page). In the search bar type:

For example
 * will display the talk page to this help page and all its archives.

Cut and paste procedure
The most basic way to manually archive a page is to cut the material from the talk page and paste it into an archive. If no archive exists, you will need to create a new subpage. Create the archive subpage at  where "N" is either "1", the next positive integer, or an appropriate name for a topic-specific archive (for example  ). When an archive subpage becomes too large, new archives can be created as needed.

When manually creating an archive, add to the top of each archive page. If an archive box doesn't already exist on the main talk page, add the line below the WikiProject tags. For the full list of archiving templates, see Category:Archival templates. For step-by-step instructions, see /Manual archiving.

Semi-automated cut and paste procedure
One click archiving allows you to archive any section of a talk page by clicking a button next to the section. To use this method, you'll need to install a user script. After installing one of the scripts listed below or at One click archiving, you will see links next to talk page headers allowing you to archive a section immediately:

 * User:Elli/OneClickArchiver – archives one section at a time
 * User:FlightTime/OneClickArchiver.js - archives one section at a time
 * User:andrybak/Archiver – archives multiple sections at once

Other manual procedures—like moving talk pages to archive subpages—are discouraged. See the discussion at Wikipedia talk:How to archive a talk page/Archive 1 for rationale.

Automated archiving
ClueBot III and lowercase sigmabot III can automatically create archives for any discussion page (one that has "talk" in the namespace), by moving sections to a subpage when the section has received no comments for a specified period of time. Both bots can archive sections into simple sequentially numbered archives (e.g.,  , ...), or archive according to date (e.g.  ,  , ...).

See the ClueBot III page and the lowercase sigmabot III page for detailed instructions on setting up these bots. Those pages explain each of the parameters used, such as,  , etc. The examples below are also available for use. All of the examples here are intended for you to be able to copy them while viewing this page and paste them into the edit box on your target page without requiring any modification to have a working configuration.

Choosing a bot
ClueBot III and lowercase sigmabot III, the two bots in current use for automated archiving, are similar in their behaviour, but have some differences in terms of features they implement and limitations on their use:

The following are example configurations to set up automatic archiving of an article talk page or user talk page. These configuration templates do not produce any visible output, so you should generally also include a template such as to provide readers with links to search and navigate the archives. These templates may also be configured with the parameters  and   to include a message notifying readers that automatic archiving is taking place. For example:.

Example with sequentially numbered archives
Both of the above examples will create archive pages, as needed, starting with  and continuing with , etc., when the current archive page grows to more than 75,000 bytes. Only sections with dates that are older than 90 days (2,160 hours) will be archived, although the five sections with the most recent contributions will be retained on the talk page no matter how long ago the last contribution was added. If archives for the page already exist, then set the counter/numberstart parameter to the next archive number in the series.

Warning: the magic word   is replaced by the talk page name when the template is saved to a talk page. However some punctuation characters that can appear in a page name are replaced by HTML character codes that are not recognised by the bots (see mediawikiwiki:Manual:PAGENAMEE encoding for details about these and other characters). For example  is replaced with   (so if the bot is to work then   must be replaced with  ). This can be circumvented by using  to automatically sort the encoding.

Bot and config details
The configuration template for lowercase sigmabot III is still named User:MiszaBot/config even though the original bots, MiszaBot I, MiszaBot II, and MiszaBot III, are no longer active.

The best age for threads to be archived will vary, depending on talk page activity. The purpose of archiving article talk pages should be to remove stale discussions, not to stifle discussion. Article talk page threads should not typically be archived in less than 30 days except for very busy talk pages.

The /  parameter determines how large each archive is allowed to grow before a new archive is started. Keeping this value larger than a typical talk page allows the archives to be browsed more easily, but increases page load times. Each individual archive should not be larger than 512kB, because this may cause accessibility problems for some devices. Because a large batch of threads can "overshoot" the  parameter, the parameter should always be set lower than the maximum acceptable archive size.

Category:Pages where archive parameter is not a subpage
One limitation of the way automatic archival instructions are set up is how page moves will easily break the functionality. For several reasons, the bots will generally only archive to subpages; that is, the archive must reside as one or more subpages to the talk page in question.

When a page is renamed (moved) and the user forgets to also update the bot instructions, this means that no further archiving will take place (until the bot instructions are updated manually). To facilitate identifying cases where archiving is interrupted, the Category:Pages where archive parameter is not a subpage was created.

If your talk page isn't archiving properly, you might want to check this category. If your page is included, this indicates that the specified archive pages are incorrect.

For archive pages
A template should be placed at the top of each archive page indicating that it is an archive. The simplest such template, which is automatically added (using its earlier names) by ClueBot III and Lowercase sigmabot III, is Archive. If the page is using sequentially numbered archives, you can instead use Automatic archive navigator which will add navigation links to earlier and later archives (example). The archiving bots can be configured to use templates like this using the  and   parameters, respectively. For example (for ClueBot III), header.

For talk pages
There are many templates that can be placed on talk pages to make the page's archives visible and accessible to editors. These can be broadly divided into "boxes" (which generally appear floating to the right of the table of contents), and banners. Some pages use one or the other, and some use both. Templates dedicated to archiving should generally be placed last, after all other talk templates, but before the discussions proper.

Archive link boxes
On regularly archived talk pages, it is useful to have an "archive box" template. Common usage is to place the archive box below other header templates and before the first section heading so that the box appears to the right of the table of contents. If the page already has a manual archive box, add the link to the new archive page to it. If there is no archive box yet, you may want to set one up.

The most common archive box template is Archives. It has a significant number of options. The  option causes the box to automatically find your archive page list. If  or   the links are shown as " ". If  the links are shown as " "). If the archives do not follow the standard naming scheme (/Archive #), or date labels are desired a manual list can be inputted in the first unnamed parameter as seen in example 2 below. There are also options which show a search field, permit the box to collapse/expand, start the box collapsed/expanded, etc. Many of these are shown in example 4 and all of them are explained in more detail at Template:Archive/doc.
 * Example 1

For a box with an automatically generated archive list with a search bar. Archives can be used without any extra parameters.

 * Example 2

For a box with a manual archive list and a search bar can be used. For the box to the right the code is:

 * Example 3

For a box with both an automatic and manual list can be used. The example below for Template talk:Archives where the archives for the old archive box template are shown use the following code:

 * Example 4

This template just demonstrate a lot of the parameters. Most of them are quite self explanatory.

Automatic archive boxes for year/month archives
Automatic archive boxes for Year/Month archives are a bit more complicated.

The most common method is by using the Archives by months template to generate links to your existing archives. It produces a live link for each existing archive month within a year. It is commonly used in something similar to:

The above code produces the archive box to the above right. The example here has no month names which are links because there are no archive files for this page. You can, of course, delete the lines for the years you don't want.

The default for the Archives by months template is that archive page names are in the format, , etc. However, Archives by months allows you to specify various naming conventions for your archives. Archives can have an arbitrary prefix by using the  parameter (e.g.   instead of Archive s /). Months can be in four formats: A) the default uses January, February, March, etc.; B)  months are Jan, Feb, Mar, etc.; C)   months are 1, 2, 3, ... 12; D)   months are 01, 02, 03, ... 12.

If you are using ClueBot III, it has a couple of additional options for creating an archive box. These involve the use of either the  or the   parameters. See the ClueBot III page for more information.

Archive link banner
Instead of putting the archive links in a box that floats to the right or left, some prefer the links in a banner like Talk header. Yearly and alphabetic archives are automatically detected in addition to regular sequential archives. A search box is by default included and if the page is archived by bots an auto archiving notice can be included by specifying archive_age in days.

The archive links show up in a row at the bottom of the above banner. For a real world example see Talk:Proxima Centauri.

Archive indexing
Having an archive index makes finding old discussions on a given topic easier, particularly in pages with many archives, or when the archives are of considerable size. An archive index, when one exists, is typically stored on the page. While it is possible to generate an index by hand, the  page is normally generated automatically. There are two bots which automatically create indexes: Legobot and ClueBot III.

Legobot, formerly HBC Archive Indexerbot, can create an archive index page based on a set of archives. See the bot's instructions for details on how to set up archive indexing. Legobot generated archive indexes are the most commonly available type of index. To set up Legobot archiving you have to create your   page and need to place:

on top of the index page. The following is a Legobot configuration that works with numbered archives which you can place on the page you are archiving:

ClueBot III automatically creates an archive index when archiving. ClueBot III stores the archive indexes it creates on unique pages in its user space. The archive index for the page you are archiving can be transcluded onto your  page by putting the following text in that page:

Archive searching
If there are several archives, it is easy to search them all at once using the optional search parameter prefix. For example, suppose we want to begin a discussion about adding a security section to the Linux article. Before bringing up the topic we can do the following search:. This will look in all the subpages of the Linux article in its Talk namespace.

The templates Archives, Archive box, and Talk header have a parameter  which provides a helpful search box on the talk page to automate searching, as do independent search templates such as search archives. It is recommended that when a page is archived, such a template be put on the surviving talk page to simplify access to past discussions.

Continuing discussions
If a thread has been archived prematurely, such as when it is still relevant to current work or was not concluded, unarchive it by copying it back to the talk page from the archive, and deleting it from the archive. Do not unarchive a thread that was effectively closed; instead, start a new discussion and link to the archived prior discussion.

Example pages
Here are actual discussion pages on Wikipedia where you can study the code to see how archive pages were created.
 * Talk:Psychokinesis has a simple archive box with a search field.
 * Talk:Jesus has a mixture of numbered and topical archives. It also includes a summary of recently archived discussions.
 * Talk:Main Page has many numbered archives. The archives are listed on a separate subpage and transcluded.

title: Help:Archiving a talk page


text:
Talk:The Drifters

discography
where is it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.66.5.31 (talk) 14:48, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

QUERY JAMES (POPPA) CLARKE
I'm writing a novel that takes place in the '60s. I want to include a little part about a friend of mine who was in the Five Crowns and then briefly in the Drifters. His name is James (Poppa) Clark(e). His brother was John (Sonny) Clark(e), who was also in the Five Crowns. (I'm not sure if there was a final "e" in Clark.) James Clarke moved on to the Drifters, but was kicked off the band "just before they hit," Poppa told me, due to his drug use.

You have an excellent page on the Drifters! But unfortunately Poppa didn't make the cut, even in your page. I would like to find out when Poppa was cut from the group, and what they had been singing up to that point. I know he toured with them, and I believe was with them when they cut some sides, though as he said, he was fired before their first big hit. I also need some lyrics from that time. Poppa would sing them, and I want to put him in a scene in the book, drawn from life, where Poppa sang and reminisced. I would really appreciate any help you all could give. Thanks. I am Joe Bryak, justnufjoe@aol.com

 * I just added some info, and there's a little bit on James Clark in there, hope that helps a little. JeremyMcCracken 17:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Yes and hello my name is steven gokey and I sat in on a Drifter's concert as a drummer and vocalist with a group of local muscians whose names I will not mention here. The Drifter's were scheduled to appear at the Franklin County Fair in Malone, New York on or around August 28 or 29 of 1981. Their backup band Danny and the Junior's bus broke down in Rochester, New York, so a group of local muscians was put together to fit the bill that night. We must have covered just about everybody's tunes that night. From the Temptations to the Spinners to The four Tops the Contours Marvin Gaye The Righteous Brothers as I sang Unchained Melody. I have my own version I guess. The situation is this if someone cxan convince me that that is not my voice if those are not my rhythims on drums then I think the Tech engineer made a duplicate tape and sold us off as original atrists. And one more thing Ben E. King did not attend that night. thank you and sorry for cutting in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.228.101.53 (talk) 08:35, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Removed statements
I removed some statements from the "Splinters" section which seemed POV to me. First, the Hemmings-Lewis group was called fake, however there is much debate about what groups are authentic or not (for example, Hemmings and Lewis claim to be authentic because they were in the group back into the 1970s; Is Beary Hobbs' group fake because he is no longer alive?; Can any group, even with original members (e.g. Charley Thomas) be considered authentic?) I left the backing tapes statement, since it's very possible, although it should be noted that many groups, authentic or not, don't use live musicians on recordings or at shows. I also removed the "inaccurate" part about Hendricks' website- if it was in reference to the history of the group, most splinter groups stretch the history to appear to be the "real" group (take for instance the bio page of the Hemmings-Lewis group, which says the group split and these two returned to the US with Faye Treadwell forming a new lineup- in reality, Ray Lewis was out over a decade before Hemmings left). JeremyMcCracken 17:25, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Yes and hello and P.S. my name is steven gokey and my e-mail is steveng4619@verizon.net thank you —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.228.101.53 (talk) 08:42, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Court case
I added a small paragraph about the current court case. It might be worth while considering to expand this to a seperate heading if further issues emerge. It might require a 'current' stub? Article reference: http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1968631,00.html (Karst 21:05, 11 December 2006 (UTC))

A group of Female singers showed up as well maybe Ronettess the Shondelles Steve steveng4619@verizon.net —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.228.101.53 (talk) 08:46, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Non-Stop Blathering
this article, while a noble effort at chronological facts is a mess. a better organization might be to include a list of hits/singles/albums by year and who the members were at that time.

for example, even though this was by far the most comprehensive article on the Drifters that i found on the web...it does not mention "On Broadway" and who was the lead vocalist on the tune.

a list of hits categorized by year detailing who lead vocalist was and who backing members were at the given time would be a lot more useful that the non-stop blathering on the turnover rate of this great group that the current article is.

example:

1963

"On Broadway" [a] lead vocalist, [b,c,d,e] backing vocalists

This is certainly a problem with this article, though it is a bit uncharitable to call it blathering. Someone obviously went to a lot of work to assemble the facts necessary to give us the genealogy that appears in this article. I am just not certain whether this could be better presented, or if it just doesn't have a place in an encyclopedia. I thought the information might be presented as a chronological chart of the membership in each lineup, but after I analyzed the data, I had a list of over sixty lineups. As much as I would hate to lose this data, which could be invaluable for anyone doing research, I am afraid that the best thing to do may be to use the approach of the cited Rolling Stone article which simply states,

"Yet for all their fantastic records, the Drifters had the least stable lineup of any of the great vocal groups. They were in essence a group of hired guns, overseen by their management."

This is quite common in the recording industry where the name is a legally owned brand name rather than the artists known and loved by the public. The artists have notability. When it is not the same as the brand, the brand is not usually notable.

A good place to start with a rewrite of this article would be to use the Vocal Group Hall of Fame writeups and the Rolling Stone article as a foundation of research. There is a lot of good information there.

I thought about tackling this task, but I really did not want to do a major revision without a consensus. My comments on NPOV in the NPOV section below contain additional ideas for the rewrite.Jkolak (talk) 09:35, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Drifters - The Christmas Song (1964).ogg
Image:Drifters - The Christmas Song (1964).ogg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 21:04, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Citations & References
See Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the  tags Nhl4hamilton (talk) 04:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Conflict of Interest?
I can understand this article is in need of clean up regarding neutrality, but there's no evidence of conflict of interest regarding the matter. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kenneth Hardeman (talk • contribs) 10:30, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

 * This type of tag usually get added when there are conflicts regarding name ownership. While this article is not as bad as the edit war going on in The Foundations article, this article does appear to follow the genealogy of the UK Drifters under Lundquist and Luderman as the real Drifters with an aside to the Pinkney Drifters and a belated acknowledgement that the UK Drifters lost the right to the name in 2008, and then an afterthought on the other Drifter splinters.

 * I would have to follow the same line of reasoning in The Foundations article. If you follow the links to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame awards and the Rolling Stone article, you will see that the groups with notability are the Clyde McPhatter Drifters and the Ben King Drifters, though a nod is also given to C. Thomas and J. Moore. These first two Drifters are certainly notable, so the article should primarily be a history of those Drifters, with an afterword explaining that several members went on to form splinter groups, with a brief comment on the current legal situation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jkolak (talk • contribs) 09:22, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

I went ahead and made a start on the changes discussed here, and above under "blathering". This is not a complete rework, but rather a foundation on which a quality NPOV article can be based.

What I did do, and what I did not do...

This revision is based on the original article, which means I did not fully deal with the issue of what to do about the constant flow of name changes. What I did do is try to break it up with contextual information and relevancy. I also provided infobox entries which summarize the personnel status information.

I also tried to put it into context of notability, learning from The Foundations edit war that artists with significant contributions to music history and hit songs are notable. Business entities that try to perpetuate the name without notable contributions are not notable. Therefore the first and second editions of The Drifters classic and golden eras are treated as notable. Follow ups and splinter groups should be treated in the line of "What Are They Doing Now" sections of other musical group articles. Since I have based the rework on the original article, perhaps I have not cut it down enough, but Pinkney's Original Drifters seem as notable as any as a current status of the original artists. The Splinter section as it stood dealt with this section adequately enough that I have not altered it.

The Court Case section is left largely untouched except to clean out some advertising hype from the new Treadwell organization.

Being primarily a rework of the original article, no new references are introduced. The primary sources to maintain the historical accuracy are three already cited by the article, the two Vocal Group Hall of Fame inductions and the Rolling Stone article. These three sources are a good place to start for anyone wishing to check for an impartial history of The Drifters and gain some insight into the actual notability of the group. Those sources also contain some information which is not in this article, which may be a good starting point for anyone wishing to expand the historical content of the article, thus reducing the percentage of text devoted to personnel changes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jkolak (talk • contribs) 07:05, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The conflict of interest is from edits by, which is the name of Treadwell's organization. Take a look at their edits. 69.221.154.10 (talk) 23:28, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

First commercial Rock and Roll recording to employ strings/orchestra
Certainly "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" by Buddy Holly predates "There Goes My Baby". "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" was written by Paul Anka and recorded by Buddy Holly at the Pythian Temple Studios (Decca) using the Dick Jacobs Orchestra on October 21, 1958. It was on the Billboard chart for 14 weeks. It's highest position was #30. For reference, see Remembering Buddy: The Definitive Biography of Buddy Holly by John Goldrosen and John Beecher, ISBN-10: 0306807157 and ISBN-13: 978-0306807152, Da Capo Press (January 9, 2001). I suppose it could be argued that "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" wasn't a Rock and Roll recording. If so, it can also be argued that "There Goes My Baby" was not one either. In late 1958, popular music was changing rapidly from the early 1955-57 sound into what many would call "Bubble Gum" music. Whatever one's perspective, they are all subjective as to categorization. Music is music in the eye (ear) of the beholder, so these things are probably moot. I feel it is inappropriate to list things as facts when they are merely opinion. If they are opinion, they should be stated as such.

Also, there is controversy over who the co-writers were. On the CD, "The Drifters 1959-1965: All-Time Greatest Hits", Leiber and Stoller do not receive credit. The co-writers were listed as Lover Patterson and George Treadwell. King used his real name of Benjamin Nelson as writer on this song. For reference, see the aforementioned CD notes, ASIN: B000002INL. Cscj01 (talk) 17:25, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Right. The Vocal Group Hall of Fame uses more conventional wording: "A song Nelson (still performing under his given name) co-wrote called "There Goes My Baby" became his first lead vocal and the lush backing arrangement made highly unorthodox (in fact, virtually unheard-of) use of a string section."Jkolak (talk) 06:45, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Re-issues
In the UK, "Saturday Night At The Movies" reached #3 in the charts, but not until 1972. This song should probably have its own entry for that year in the table - was it a re-recording with Johnny Moore singing the lead? It didnt chart at all in 1964 in the UK.

Also "C'mon Over To My Place" only reached #40 in UK in 1965 - it wasnt until a re-released version in 1972 that it made #9. Again, perhaps this song should have its own entry under 1972. So the table doesnt look quite right to me at the moment. Gloveman (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 08:18, 30 March 2009 (UTC).

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Rennell435 (talk) 23:56, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

The Drifters (American band) → The Drifters – In the english-speaking world 'The Drifters' are exactly this vocal group. Japanese comedy (!), in japanese language, can never be so notable as this group. No use for the 'American band' tag. The English band renamed because the Drifters here were already so well known, in 1958/9. In my opinion a vocal group is also not a band. a vocal group is accompanied by band musicians: drums, guitars, keyboards, but that is a different topic. These should be moved too: 'Template:The Drifters (American band)' and 'Book:The Drifters (American band)' E-Kartoffel (talk) 19:02, 27 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I've gone ahead and done this. It seems it was moved to the disambiguated title on the argument that there's a Japanese band with the same name. Since that band doesn't seem to have an article yet, The Drifters redirected to this page anyway. Nom rightly points out that, regardless, this is the primary topic. Rennell435 (talk) 23:56, 27 May 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Possible former member
A reader wrote in to Wikimedia to ask about a person who may have been a former member of the Drifters. His name is Bobby Lee Harris. I'll invite them to contribute to this section with more information, in the hope that a knowledgeable editor can help look into whether that individual should be in the article.-- S Philbrick (Talk)  21:40, 28 December 2014 (UTC)

Recent Edit
I decided to edit this sentence - "The first classic Drifters, formed by Clyde McPhatter, was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as "The Drifters" or "The Original Drifters".[3]" since the source cited has the group listed as "The Drifters". Also the sentence is confusing since it implies the group was inducted under either name. If this edit is in error, please feel free to revert it. Thanks!THX1136 (talk) 17:00, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Reading though the entire source article, both names appear. It's hard to say what was official, as the website is poorly organized and maintained. But, there's no great value in specifying "The Original Drifters" in this context, so I support the edit. Pstoller (talk)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on The Drifters. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050118054324/http://www.secondhandsongs.com:80/song/1805.html to http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/1805.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:26, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

I just wanted to add the Drifters are my ecological theme song "Up On The Roof" to get to fresh air the most important aspect of of thinking, Fresh Air!!!!!!!!! I think this is the main reason most people especially Politicians are having such difficulty. Not enough fresh air!!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.36.159.12 (talk) 05:00, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on The Drifters. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131203194922/http://www.thedrifters.co.uk/index.php to http://www.thedrifters.co.uk/index.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131031192308/http://www.vocalgroup.org/inductees/the_drifters.html to http://www.vocalgroup.org/inductees/the_drifters.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113535/http://www.vocalgroup.org/inductees/ben_e_king.html to http://www.vocalgroup.org/inductees/ben_e_king.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:06, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

Studio Albums
Can someone please do a summary of their studio albums down on the discography section of this article, thanks?--twentyoverninety69 (talk) 1:34 28 February (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you mean by that request. There's a link to a separate article, The Drifters discography, that includes a list of studio albums. But, until the group's stint at Bell/Arista in the 1970s, the "studio albums" were just compilations of previously issued singles. So, there's nothing much to say about those beyond the track listings. The Drifters were fundamentally a singles-oriented group, not an album group. Pstoller (talk) 08:24, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

Drummer
Was there a drummer by the name of Larry Duff that ever played with the drifters Eldesgirl (talk) 23:36, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Drifters


text:
J. A. Todd

John Arthur Todd (23 August 1908 – 22 December 1994) was an English mathematician who specialised in geometry.

Biography
He was born in Liverpool, and went up to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1925. He did research under H.F. Baker, and in 1931 took a position at the University of Manchester. He became a lecturer at Cambridge in 1937. He remained at Cambridge for the rest of his working life.

Work
The Todd class in the theory of the higher-dimensional Riemann–Roch theorem is an example of a characteristic class (or, more accurately, a reciprocal of one) that was discovered by Todd in work published in 1937. It used the methods of the Italian school of algebraic geometry. The Todd–Coxeter process for coset enumeration is a major method of computational algebra, and dates from a collaboration with H.S.M. Coxeter in 1936. In 1953 he and Coxeter discovered the Coxeter–Todd lattice. In 1954 he and G. C. Shephard classified the finite complex reflection groups.

Honours
In March 1948 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Selected publications

 * 1936: "A practical method for enumerating cosets of a finite abstract group", Proc. Edin. Math. Soc. 5(1), 26-34 (with Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter)
 * 1937: "Rational quartic primals and associated Cremona transformations of four-dimensional space", Proc. London Math. Soc. s2-42, 324-339 (with Dennis Babbage), "The geometrical invariants of algebraic varieties", Proc. London Math. Soc. 43(2), 127-138, "The arithmetical invariants of algebraic loci", Proc. London Math. Soc. 43(2), 190-225
 * 1939: "The geometrical invariants of algebraic loci", Proc. London Math. Soc. 45, 410-424
 * 1953: "An extreme duodenary form", Can. J. Math. 5, 384-392 (with Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter)
 * 1954: "Finite unitary reflection groups", Canadian Journal of Mathematics 6, 274-304 (with Geoffrey Colin Shephard)
 * 1960: "On complex Stiefel manifolds", Mathematical Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 56, 342-353 (with Michael Atiyah)
 * 1966: "A representation of the Mathieu group M24 as a collineation group", Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 71(4), 199-238

title: J. A. Todd


text:
List of fiction set in ancient Rome

Rome as a Kingdom
If you know of works set in the pre-Republican era, please expand this section.
 * Founding Fathers (1959) by Alfred Duggan. Originally titled Children of the Wolf, this novel tells the story of King Romulus and the founding of Rome through the eyes of a variety of characters who come to the new city.
 * Roma (2007) by Steven Saylor. According to the author's website, the book covers part of Rome's early history.

Early Republic (before 264 BC)
If you know of works set in the Early Republic, please expand this section.
 * Roma, published March 6, 2007, by Steven Saylor. According to the author's website, the book covers part of Rome's early history.
 * The Etruscan by Mika Waltari. Part of the story is set on the first few years of the Republic.
 * Traitors’ Legion (Ace G-532,1963) by Jay Scotland, a swashbuckler about a disgraced legion, set in Hannibal's time.

Middle Republic (264–133 BC)
If you know of works set in the Middle Republic, please expand this section.
 * Roma, published March 6, 2007, by Steven Saylor. According to the author's website, the book covers part of Rome's Republican history.
 * Scipio: A Novel, published March 1998 by Ross Leckie. This is the second book in a loose trilogy about the Second Punic War.
 * Scipio trilogy by Santiago Posteguillo (the Punic Wars general Publius Cornelius Scipio)
 * 1) Africanus, el hijo del cónsul
 * 2) Las legiones malditas
 * 3) La traición de Roma
 * Of Merchants & Heroes, published 2008 by Paul Waters. Set at the end of the 3rd century BC, about the life of a fictional Roman called Marcus. In the novel Marcus becomes involved in the war against Philip V of Macedon, which was led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, who later became Consul and is a major character in the story.
 * "Salammbô", published 1977 by Gustave Flaubert. 240 BC. The novel is set  before and during the Mercenary War, an uprising of mercenaries in the employ of Carthage in the 3rd century BC.
 * "The Shield of Rome", published 2011 by William Kelso. 216 BC. The novel is set during "Rome's finest hour" after the battle of Cannae when Hannibal threatens the very existence of the Republic.
 * "The Fortune of Carthage", published 2012 by William Kelso. 207 BC. The novel is set during the 2nd Punic War and covers Hasdrubal Barca's attempt to link up with the Carthaginian army of his brother Hannibal.
 * "Rome: Destroy Carthage", published 2013 by David Gibbins. 146 BC. The novel was written to promote the strategy game "Rome 2 Total War" and is set during the 3nd Punic War and covers the siege and utter destruction of Carthage.

Late Republic (after 132 BC)

 * Viriato by João Aguiar (late 2nd, early 1st century BC, Viriathus)
 * The Bow of Heaven (2011) by Andrew Levkoff, a novel of events leading up to the battle of Carrhae, and the triumvir responsible for one of the greatest defeats suffered by Republican Rome, Marcus Licinius Crassus
 * Young Caesar (1958) by Rex Warner
 * Imperium and Lustrum (novel) by Robert Harris, the first two volumes of a trilogy of fictionalized biography told by his slave, later freedman, Tiro depicting Cicero's rise to the consulship in 63 BC and subsequent role in the final days of the Republic.
 * A Pillar of Iron (1965) by Taylor Caldwell, a fictionalized biography of Cicero.
 * Imperial Caesar (1960) also by Rex Warner
 * The Ides of March (1948) by Thornton Wilder, culminating in Caesar's assassination.
 * Caesar, Antony by Allan Massie
 * Freedom, farewell! by Phyllis Bentley.
 * The Roma Sub Rosa series by Steven Saylor is set in the later years of the Republic and the beginning of the Augustan period.
 * Roma, published March 6, 2007, by Steven Saylor. According to the author's website, the book covers part of Rome's early history.
 * The Emperor Series (2003-2013), by Conn Iggulden, Julius Caesar's life
 * The Last King: Rome's Greatest Enemy (2005) by Michael Curtis Ford. The career of Mithridates VI (134-63 BC)
 * The Masters of Rome series by Colleen McCullough. Beginning before the birth of Julius Caesar to after his death, it details the self-immolation of the Roman Republic.
 * Spartacus by Howard Fast
 * Spartacus by Lewis Grassic Gibbon
 * Three's Company (1958) by Alfred Duggan. The career of Lepidus, triumvir with Octavian and Marcus Antonius after the death of Julius Caesar.
 * Winter Quarters (1956) by Alfred Duggan. Two Gauls in the time of Julius Caesar, one of whom is under a curse from the Mother Goddess, whose worship he finds throughout the Roman world.
 * The Conquered by Naomi Mitchison (1923). Gaul & the Gallic Wars 1st century BC
 * Beric the Briton: A Story of the Roman Invasion (1893) by G. A. Henty
 * Imperial Caesar (1960) also by Rex Warner

Early/High Empire (27 BC to AD 192)

 * Someday Never Comes by Mk Kayem
 * An Imaginary Life by David Malouf. A fictional account of the poet Ovid's exile from Rome.
 * The Last World by Christoph Ransmayr. Another Ovid-related novel.
 * The Quest For the Lost Roman Legions by Tony Clunn, Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, with his account of his discovery of the battlefield
 * Persona Non Grata, Terra Incognita, Medicus and Caveat Emptor, a series of mysteries featuring the "reluctant sleuth" Gaius Petreius Ruso by Ruth Downie, set around 120 AD.
 * Three Legions series by Rosemary Sutcliff set in Roman Britain c. 130 AD. The three novels consist of The Eagle of the Ninth (1954), The Silver Branch (1957), and The Lantern Bearers (1959).  The three were first collected in one volume as Three Legions in 1980.
 * Empire published August 31, 2010, by Steven Saylor. The book follows two families through Rome's Imperial history, from the reign of Augustus to the reign of Hadrian. The sequel to Roma.
 * Vespasian series by Robert Fabbri. The series details the early career and rise to power of Vespasian.

The Julio-Claudian Dynasty

 * The Nero Prediction by Humphry Knipe
 * The Roman (1964) by Mika Waltari
 * The Tribune: A Novel of Ancient Rome by Patrick Larkin
 * Augustus by John Williams
 * Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula and Nero's Heirs by Allan Massie
 * Empire: The Novel of Imperial Rome by Steven Saylor
 * Let the Emperor Speak: A novel of Caesar Augustus by Allan Massie, Doubleday & Company, Inc, New York, 1987 (First published in Great Britain in 1986 by the Bodley Head as Augustus). Also by this author: Caesar, Anthony, Tiberius, Caligula and Nero's Heirs.
 * Pretender by Lion Feuchtwanger

Books about early Christians or Jesus include:
 * Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880) by Lew Wallace; famously made into a film starring Charlton Heston; set in the reign of Tiberius in Judaea, the Mediterranean, and Rome. Epilogues carry the story into the reign of Nero
 * I Am a Barbarian (1967, written 1941) by Edgar Rice Burroughs; the fictionalized memoirs of Caligula's slave.
 * A Voice in the Wind (1994) by Francine Rivers; the story of Hadassah, a Christian slave taken from Jerusalem and taken to Rome in the time of Titus and his father Mark of the Lion Trilogy book 1
 * An Echo in the Darkness (1995) by Francine Rivers; the continuing story of Hadassah and Marcus. Mark of the Lion Trilogy book 2
 * As Sure as the Dawn (1995) by Francine Rivers; the continuing story of Atretes. Mark of the Lion Trilogy book 3
 * The Robe (1942), by Lloyd C. Douglas, set in the same period as Ben-Hur; like Ben-Hur, more famous as a film.

Books about Claudius or set in his reign include:
 * I, Claudius (1934) and its sequel, Claudius the God (1935), by Robert Graves. The classic and influential dramatised account of the life of the emperor Claudius, made into a popular TV series (see below).
 * The Eagle series by Nigerian-born British novelist Simon Scarrow. The first book Under the Eagle (part of the Eagle series) was published 2000 by Simon Scarrow.  Story of Roman invasion of Britain, featuring a young Vespasian. Other books in the series include The Eagle's Conquest (2001 set in 42 AD (introducing Boudicca at the end);  When the Eagle Hunts (2002) set in 44 AD.  Other books in the series include The Eagle and the Wolves (2003), The Eagle's Prey (2004), The Eagle's Prophecy (2005), The Eagle in the Sand (2006), and the forthcoming Centurion (January - 2008).

Books set in Nero's reign include:
 * Beric the Briton, A Story of the Roman Invasion (1893) by G. A. Henty; the story of a Romanized Briton captured as a rebel and sent to Rome as a gladiator
 * Quo Vadis (1895/1896), by Henryk Sienkiewicz set in the reign of Nero in 64 AD.
 * The Flames of Rome by Paul L. Maier
 * The Gladiator by Thames Williamson
 * A Song for Nero (2003) by Tom Holt, writing as Thomas Holt.
 * Nero, the Bloody Poet by Dezső Kosztolányi
 * Imperial Governor (1968, reprinted 2002), George Shipway, the Icenii revolt under Boudicca.
 * The Roman (1964) by Mika Waltari
 * The Cleft by Doris Lessing is a book supposedly written by an historian during Nero's reign.

The Flavian Dynasty

 * Josephus Trilogy (1959), by Lion Feuchtwanger about Flavius Josephus, but set in Ancient Rome during Reign of Vespasianus and Titus
 * The Course of Honour (1998), the first novel by Lindsey Davis (later author of the Marcus Didius Falco mysteries, which also take place during the reign on Vespasianus) narrates the history of Vespasian's imperial freedwoman mistress Antonia Caenis.
 * The Light Bearer (1994), by Donna Gillespie tells the story of a Germanic female warrior who becomes a gladiator in Rome in the reign of Domitian.
 * The Last Days of Pompeii by E.G.Bulwer-Lytton
 * Pompeii by Robert Harris, tells the story of Pompeii and the volcano Vesuveus during the reign of Titus.
 * The Jew of Rome by Lion Feuchtwanger

The Nervan-Antonian (Ulpio-Aelia) Dynasty

 * Empress of the Seven Hills by Kate Quinn is set during the reign of Trajan.
 * Lady of the Eternal City by Kate Quinn is set during the reign of Hadrian.
 * Memoirs of Hadrian (1951) by Marguerite Yourcenar
 * The Emperor by Georg Ebers, another fictitious biography of Hadrian
 * A God Strolling in the Cool of the Evening (1994) by Mario de Carvalho, set mainly in Roman Lusitania
 * Marius the Epicurean (1885) by Walter Pater

Middle Empire (AD 193–293)

 * Family Favourites (1960), by Alfred Duggan; a tale of court life under the teenage emperor Elagabalus, as recounted by his personal bodyguard
 * The Unconquered Sun by Ralph Dulin, follows the life of the emperor Aurelian and his wife
 * Warrior Of Rome series by historian Harry Sidebottom, takes place in the years 238 to 264, mostly from 256 to 264, six books so far published
 * Iron And Rust also by historian Harry Sidebottom, takes place before the Warrior Of Rome series

Late Empire: West (AD 293–457)

 * Helena by Evelyn Waugh; follows the quest of the Empress Helena, a Christian and the mother of Emperor Constantine to uncover the remains of the cross upon which Christ was crucified.
 * Julian (1964) by Gore Vidal, fictionalized biography of the emperor Julian the Apostate, who tried to revive Paganism
 * The Last Legion: A Novel by Valerio Massimo Manfredi; fictionalized story of the emperor Romulus Augustulus and what might have happened to his surviving retinue.
 * The Death of the Gods. Julian the Apostate (Russian: Смерть богов. Юлиан Отступник) by Dmitry Merezhkovsky in 1895.The novel tells the story of Roman Emperor Julian who during his reign (361–363) was trying to restore the cult of Olympian gods in Rome, resisting the upcoming Christianity.
 * Eagle in the Snow (1970) by Wallace Breem; set in Britannia and Germania in the late 4th and early 5th century; features a Mithraic Roman general.
 * The Little Emperors (1951) by Alfred Duggan. A succession of coups in late-Roman Britain.
 * Gods And Legions: A Novel of the Roman Empire (2002) by Michael Curtis Ford
 * The Sword of Attila: A Novel of the Last Years of Rome (2005) by Michael Curtis Ford
 * The Fall of Rome: A Novel of a World Lost (2007) by Michael Curtis Ford
 * Raptor (1993) by Gary Jennings is an historical novel set in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. It purports to be the memoirs of an Ostrogoth, Thorn, who has a secret.
 * Threshold of Fire: A Novel of Fifth Century Rome (1966) by Hella Haasse
 * Legionary (2011) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: Viper of the North (2012) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: Land of the Sacred Fire (2013) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: The Scourge of Thracia (2015) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: Gods & Emperors (2015) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: Empire of Shades (2017) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: The Blood Road (2018) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: Dark Eagle (2020) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: The Emperor's Shield (2023) by Gordon Doherty
 * Legionary: Eagles in the Desert (2020) by Gordon Doherty
 * Sons of Rome (2020) by Gordon Doherty & S.J.A. Turney
 * Masters of Rome (2021) by Gordon Doherty & S.J.A. Turney
 * Gods of Rome (2021) by Gordon Doherty & S.J.A. Turney

Byzantine Empire (AD 457–1453)

 * Anna of Byzantium, 1999
 * Bélisaire
 * Belisarius series by David Drake and Eric Flint
 * Count Belisarius (1938), by Robert Graves, set in the 6th century, in the reign of Justinian
 * The Dancing Bear (1972), by Peter Dickinson. Young adult.
 * Justinian, a novel, by H N Turteltaub (Harry Turtledove), August 1998
 * The Palaeologian Dynasty. The Rise and Fall of Byzantium
 * Roma Eterna (2003), by Robert Silverberg
 * A Struggle for Rome (1876), by Felix Dahn
 * Tirant lo Blanch (finished posthumously by Martí Joan de Galba, published 1490), by Joanot Martorell
 * Up the Line (1969), by Robert Silverberg
 * Strategos: Born in the Borderlands (2011) by Gordon Doherty
 * Strategos: Rise of the Golden Heart (2011) by Gordon Doherty
 * Strategos: Island in the Storm (2011) by Gordon Doherty

Unknown period

 * Avventura nel primo secolo by Paolo Monelli
 * Conscience of the King, The Little Emperors and Family Favourites by Alfred Duggan
 * Antonia by Brenda Jagger
 * The Tribune: A Novel of Ancient Rome by Patrick Larkin
 * Hadrian's Wall: A Novel by William Dietrich
 * The Centurion: A Novel (1986) by Jan de Hartog
 * The Nero Prediction by Humphry Knipe

Detective fiction

 * Search the Seven Hills (The Quirinal Hill Affair) (1987) by Barbara Hambly
 * The Roma Sub Rosa series (1991–2012) by Steven Saylor, starts with Roman Blood (1991); the books cover the period 92 BC to 46 BC.
 * The Marcus Didius Falco series by Lindsey Davis, starts with The Silver Pigs; set in the reign of Vespasian.
 * The SPQR series by John Maddox Roberts.
 * The Marcus Corvinus (fictional character) series by David Wishart
 * The Roman Mysteries young adults' detective/drama series by Caroline Lawrence
 * The Caius Trilogy by German author Henry Winterfeld: Caius ist ein Dummkopf (Caius is an Idiot); Caius geht ein Licht auf (Caius has an Inspiration), and Caius in der Klemme (Caius in a Fix). The first part was published in English with the alternate title Detectives in Togas. The second was published in English with the alternate title Mystery of the Roman Ransom.
 * The Eagle series by Simon Scarrow (see above)
 * The Germanicus Mosaic series by Rosemary Rowe - set in later Roman Britain

Science fiction/time travel novels

 * Caesar's Bicycle (1997) (Timeline Wars series) by John Barnes
 * Arria Marcella (1852) by Théophile Gautier set in 79 AD in Pompeii
 * Household Gods (1999), by Judith Tarr and Harry Turtledove set in the reign of Marcus Aurelius
 * The Time Travelling Cat and the Roman Eagle (2001) by Julia Jarman
 * "Codex Alera" Jim Butcher's fantasy take on what happened to the Lost Roman Legion.

Alternate history
The following alternate history novels are set in fictional universes where Rome's struggle with Carthage went differently
 * The Seven Hills (2005) by John Maddox Roberts
 * Delenda Est by Poul Anderson
 * Lest Darkness Fall (1939) by L. Sprague de Camp; a time-travelling American alters history, set in 535 AD.
 * Agent of Byzantium by Harry Turtledove set in an alternate 14th century with no Islam.
 * Hannibal's Children (2002) and its sequel The Seven Hills by John Maddox Roberts. A victorious Hannibal sends all the Romans into exile, but they found a new city and their descendants return for vengeance.

The following alternate history novels are set in fictional universes where the Roman Empire never fell, and has endured to the present day:
 * Romanitas (2005), by Sophia McDougall
 * Rome Burning (2006), sequel to Romanitas, by Sophia McDougall
 * Roma Eterna, a 2003 novel by Robert Silverberg
 * Warlords of Utopia by Lance Parkin
 * Gunpowder Empire by Harry Turtledove
 * The Aquiliad (1983), by Somtow Sucharitkul. Circa 50 AD.  A light-hearted novel in which Roman legions discover America, battle the Aztecs, encounter Big Foot, and drive off flying saucers.
 * Oebis (2002), by Scott Mackay. Romans return to a modern-day Earth to retake it from alien invaders who exiled them centuries ago and imposed a strange form of Christianity.
 * The Germanicus trilogy, a collection of books by Kirk Mitchell.
 * Emperor (2006), by Stephen Baxter. After a Celtic chieftain obeys an ancient prophecy, and sides with the invaders, the history of Roman Britain takes a different path.  First in a series.
 * INCEPTIO (2013) first in the ten book Roma Nova thriller series by Alison Morton where a remnant of the ancient empire has survived into the 21st century and is led by women.

Comic books

 * The Adventures of Alix (1948–now) series by Jacques Martin of which some titles are set in Rome and the Ancient World. This series has a spin-off, called The travels of Alix, that gives illustrated information on famous places and empires of the Ancient World during the Roman Era.
 * Astérix (1959–now) series by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). A tiny village in Gaul holds out against the Roman Army, and its doughtiest warriors meet all the famous Romans.
 * Murena (1997–now) series by Jean Dufaux and Philippe Delaby
 * Le Fléau des Dieux (2000–2006) series by Valérie Mangin and Aleksa Gajic. Science fiction set in a remote future

Movies

 * Quo Vadis - U.S. 1951 director Mervyn LeRoy
 * The Robe - U.S. 1953 director Henry Koster
 * Demetrius and the Gladiators - U.S. 1954 director Delmer Daves (sequel to The Robe)
 * Jupiter's Darling - U.S. 1955 director George Sidney, based on a play by Robert E. Sherwood
 * Ben-Hur - U.S. 1959 director William Wyler
 * Spartacus - U.S. 1960 director Stanley Kubrick
 * King of Kings - U.S. 1961 director Nicholas Ray
 * Cleopatra - U.S. 1963 director Joseph L. Mankiewicz
 * The Fall of the Roman Empire - U.S. 1964 director Anthony Mann
 * The Greatest Story Ever Told - U.S. 1965 director George Stevens
 * A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum - U.S. 1966 director Richard Lester
 * Fellini Satyricon - Italy 1969 director Federico Fellini
 * Jesus Christ Superstar - U.S. 1973 director Norman Jewison
 * Sebastiane - UK 1976 director Derek Jarman
 * Caligula - U.S. 1979 director Tinto Brass
 * Monty Python's Life of Brian - U.K. 1979 director Terry Jones
 * History of the World Part 1 - U.S. 1981 director Mel Brooks
 * The Last Temptation of Christ - U.S. 1988 director Martin Scorsese
 * Titus - U.S. 1999 director Julie Taymor
 * Gladiator - U.S. 2000 director Ridley Scott
 * Quo Vadis - Polish/U.S. 2001 director Jerzy Kawalerowicz, remake of 1951 film
 * King Arthur - U.S. 2004 director Antoine Fuqua
 * The Passion of the Christ - U.S. 2004 director Mel Gibson
 * The Nativity Story - U.S. 2006 director Catherine Hardwicke
 * Agora - Spain 2009 director Alejandro Amenábar
 * Centurion - UK 2010 director Neil Marshall
 * The Eagle - UK 2011 director Kevin Macdonald

Plays

 * Joseph Addison
 * Cato
 * Albert Camus
 * Caligula
 * Pierre Corneille
 * Cinna
 * Henrik Ibsen
 * Emperor and Galilean
 * Ben Jonson
 * Sejanus, His Fall
 * Heinrich von Kleist
 * Die Hermannsschlacht
 * William Shakespeare
 * Titus Andronicus
 * Julius Caesar
 * Antony and Cleopatra
 * Coriolanus
 * Cymbeline
 * Robert Sherwood
 * The Road to Rome (1927), on which a little-known 1955 film Jupiter's Darling was based.
 * Stephen Sondheim
 * A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum

Television

 * I, Claudius
 * Julius Caesar minisieries by Uli Edel
 * Masada
 * Mystery Science Theater 3000 (part of season 8)
 * Pompeii: The Last Day a dramatized documentary
 * The Roman Holidays
 * Rome
 * Spartacus miniseries by Robert Dornhelm (director)
 * Spartacus: Blood and Sand
 * Up Pompeii!
 * Bread and Circuses (Star Trek: The Original Series)

Science fiction

 * Empire of the Atom, by A. E. van Vogt, translates Graves' novel about Claudius(above) into a science fiction context.
 * The Foundation series by Isaac Asimov, about the fall of a galactic empire, is derived from Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
 * Dominic Flandry series by Poul Anderson, a space empire similarly inspired by Gibbon's history (and by Asimov) is decaying and about to collapse into a Long Night of barbarism; a heroic secret agent fights to stave off this fate.
 * Julian Comstock by Robert Charles Wilson, about a post-apocalyptic America transformed into a neo-Roman Empire, and a high born youth who, like Julian the Apostate, fights the power of the Church.
 * Bread and Circuses (Star Trek: The Original Series)
 * Tarzan and the Lost Empire by Edgar Rice Burroughs, a surviving fragment of the Roman Empire is discovered hidden in a corner of 20th century Africa.
 * In Philip K. Dick's VALIS ancient Rome is superimposed over the present (California in the 20th century) and the far future world of The Android Cried Me a River to reveal "the Empire" – a supra- or trans-temporal constant. Furthermore, it is often repeated that the empire never fell. Also the novel's protagonist is described as living in two spacetime-continua with one of the personalities presently living in ancient Rome. Ancient Rome is also described as to breaking through into the modern world and "real time" is speculated as to having ceased in 70 AD with Roman times still being present.

Comic books

 * Leading Comics - in the 1940s, a series called "Nero Fox" (about a talking animal named Nero Fox, who was emperor of Rome) was published as a backup series in this comic title.
 * Trigan Empire was a Science Fiction comic series telling of adventures on the planet Elekton with many similarities to the Roman Empire

title: List of fiction set in ancient Rome


text:
Talk:Zebrahead

Untitled
Borrowed group description and members from Rolling Stone. Does this end the factual dispute? DJ Clayworth 17:04, 10 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I removed the following sentence (the second time, already removed the same sentence a couple weeks ago, but was reinserted):
 * the sound to the latest cd, MFZB, is one that would seemingly be influenced by Goldfinger with the punky rifts

Reasons I removed it: Ferkelparade π 17:35, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not exactly elegant English.
 * MFZB is not the latest album anymore.
 * "the punky rifts" (hint: correct word is riff) are not exactly an invention of Goldfinger, so I think it's a bit far-fetched to call the album influenced by Goldfinger on that basis alone.

Wasn't Now Or Never a single too? At least, I'm sure it was released in the UK... Gavinatkinson 13:46, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

I understand Zebrahead is a good band, but they didn't have to be featured on a Sonic game. How I see things now is that in order to appeal Sonic The Hedgehog to the youth, you need music that would appeal them. Apparently, rapcore is the only way to appeal the youth now-a-days. (Think of Knuckles' themes ever since Sonic Adventure 2.) However, as long as there's a punk/pop/rock background with the artist/group singing a theme to a character or the Sonic game itself, I will be satisfied. Rjsec4ever 22:31, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

Should it be zebrahead?
Every time it is shown on Albums, and in their logo in general, the Z is lowercase. Should the band be known as 'zebrahead' or 'Zebrahead'? the pillows use lowercase in their group name, so it's not unheard of. Should Wikipedia comply to the band's logo? 86.150.128.8 11:30, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Take a look at Zebrahead's official website: http://www.zebrahead.tv/ - the title of the page is an uppercase Z, as is every use of the word on the site. Despite their logo being all lowercase, the article name is correct. Ezenden 15:25, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Ali on Guitar
Since I'm not really firmilar with Wiki's requirements and rules I don't know if it's something that should be added, but I think it should be mentioned somewhere that Ali not only knows how to play the guitar but when Justin was in the band Ali played the guitar along side Greg in Justin's place while playing Playmate of the Year. Video Proof: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzqpgG8zE0o | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3fwsOonWw8

-Lord_Chaos —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.186.140.129 (talk) 09:46, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

References and cleanup
While a good start, this article cites zero references and has a lot of NPOV language in it. While it's not at risk for deletion in its current state, it needs a lot of work. I also removed the members' roles from the infobox (according to the standards) and listed the "Current Members" section in a fashion more appropriate for band articles. Tdogg241 (talk) 00:27, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup
I removed some NPOV language in the page and changed some. The original reference language was "The band are now considered pop-punk, with excessive use of synthetised guitars and voices. Yuk."

It was changed to "The band are now considered pop-punk, with considerable use of synthetised guitars and voices."

-schmittr 1100 PST 15 August 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Schmittr (talk • contribs) 18:01, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

Genre
I'm going to add two more genres: "Pop punk" because it's the principal genre from Zebrahead and "Punk funk" because the early material was punk funk. Please don't remove this genres before posting an explanation here - Giusex27sc (talk) 23:09, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Zebrahead was nominated at OC Music awards 2009
Link: http://ocmusicawards.com/awards/2009-awards/ Shouldn't this be mentioned? They didn't win but they where nominated. SilentDan297 09:36, 19 May 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by SilentDan297 (talk • contribs)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Zebrahead. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151211001704/http://www.the59thsound.com/matty-lewis---zebrahead-09112012.html to http://www.the59thsound.com/matty-lewis---zebrahead-09112012.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140403014303/http://www.downloadfestival.co.uk/history/2006 to http://www.downloadfestival.co.uk/history/2006
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201185743/http://www.punktastic.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=17276 to http://www.punktastic.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=17276
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220204/http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/live/documents/03910137.asp to http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/live/documents/03910137.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:31, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zebrahead


text:
User:Nine Tail Fox

Hi!
I have been a Wikipedian since January 2003 (my first edit was to Federico García Lorca) and an Administrator since July 2005, although the pressure of work in real life means that I now edit very infrequently. I formerly edited under the username Ngb.

The nine-tailed fox is a creature in Asian mythology.

Contact
Leave a message on my talkpage or drop me an email.

title: User:Nine Tail Fox


text:
Donna Leon

Donna Leon (born September 28, 1942) is the American author of a series of crime novels set in Venice, Italy, featuring the fictional hero Commissario Guido Brunetti. The novels are written in English, and have been translated into many foreign languages, although – at Leon's request – not into Italian, as she formerly lived there, still visits monthly, and prefers not to have recognition in the country.

Early life and education
Donna Leon was born on September 28, 1942 in Montclair, New Jersey, to Roman Catholic parents, who had strong leanings to the Democratic party. Her paternal grandparents were Spanish and her maternal grandparents were Irish and German. She grew up in Bloomfield, New Jersey. Her parents put a strong focus on education for their daughter.

The Guardian reports: "Leon was teaching in Iran while attempting to complete a PhD about Jane Austen when the revolution of 1978-79 interrupted her studies and her life. When her trunks were returned to her months later, following her hasty evacuation (part of it at gunpoint, on a bus), her papers were gone." She returned to the US and worked in New York City writing advertising copy. When she visited Italy for the first time, she fell in love with the country.

Teaching and residence
Leon was a lecturer in English literature for the University of Maryland University College – Europe (UMUC-Europe) in Venice, and taught English from 1981 to 1990 at an American military base in Italy.

In 2015, Leon left Venice after 30 years, and began to split her time between the homes she owns in Switzerland, one in Zürich and another in the mountains. she resided mainly in the small village of Val Müstair in the mountains of Grisons. she was returning to Venice approximately one week each month.

In 2020 she became a Swiss citizen.

Career
Leon wrote a crime novel after seeing a scene she thought belonged in such a novel. She wrote it in 8 months and stuck it in a drawer until a friend persuaded her to submit to a writing contest, which she won.

Setting and viewpoints of the Brunetti novels
The police commissioner Guido Brunetti confronts crime in and around his home town of Venice. Each case is an opportunity for the author to reveal another aspect of the seamy underside of society and another facet of Venetian life. Brunetti reports to the vain and self-serving buffoon, Vice-Questore Patta, while Sergente (later Ispettore and with the inspector per tu) Vianello and the all-knowing and well-connected Signorina Elettra, Patta's secretary, assists Brunetti on the ground and through research.

These novels are successful in Germany and translated into many languages, though not Italian.

Recognition and awards
Her Commissario Brunetti novels are written in English, but have been translated into many foreign languages, although – at Leon's request – not into Italian.

The ninth Brunetti novel, Friends in High Places, won the Crime Writers' Association Silver Dagger in 2000.

In 2003, she received the Corine Literature Prize.

German television has produced 26 Commissario Brunetti episodes for broadcast.

Other novels

 * The Jewels of Paradise (2012)

Books with musical recordings

 * Book and audio recording. WorldCat summary: "A literary, visual, and musical exploration of twelve of Handel's arias referencing animals. Complemented by a CD recording, conducted by Alan Curtis with Karina Gauvin (Soprano), Ann Hallenberg (Mezzo-soprano), Paul Agnew, and Anicio Zorzi Giustiniani (Tenor)."
 * Book and audio recording. Worldcat summary: "Novelist Donna Leon recounts some legendary tales of Venice, offering insight into Venetian customs of the past and present. Includes music CD of seven concertos by Antonio Vivaldi performed by Il Complesso Barocco and conducted by Riccardo Minasi."
 * Book and audio recording. Worldcat summary: "Accompanied by a CD of Italian boat songs, this fascinating history of the gondola, which was first used in medieval Venice as a maneuverable getaway boat, reveals how it evolved over the centuries into a floating pleasure palace that facilitated the romantic escapades of the Venetian elite." Notes: "With a CD of Venetian barcarole performed by Il Pomo d'Oro, conducted by Riccardo Minasi, featuring Vincenzo Capezzuto and Cecilia Bartoli."

Spin-offs
Leon's Commissario Brunetti novels have spawned multiple spin-off enterprises, including:

 * A travel guidebook:
 * Walking Tours of Guido Brunetti's Venice with accompanying maps: Dr. Toni Sepeda,"the only lecturer authorized by Donna Leon to conduct events in Brunetti's Venicea", leads individual and group tours of the locations and routes noted in Leon's Commissario Guido Brunetti novels.

title: Donna Leon