text:
User talk:Sinistro

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UtherSRG 17:27, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

PS. You can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

Hello Sinistro, how's your Latin? Could you please comment on the remark I made at Talk:Patronus Charm? Securiger 02:07, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Securiger 17:14, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for uploading Image:Oozaru.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) Thanks so much,    – Quadell (talk) (help)   16:30, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * I updated the page accordingly. I think the image falls under some of the parameters which qualify material as fair use, but I remain rather uncertain on the subject. If the image turns out to not be "fair use" after all, I apologise beforehand. Sinistro 19:39, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Image:Mewtwo's Black Pokeballs.jpg
Thanks for adding the image. I noticed it doesn't have a copyright tag either, and since it looks like a screen capture, I added to it. You may wish to update this. Best, David Iberri | Talk 18:25, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

Inuse
Hello,

I notice that you added to Pokémon Abilities at 31 October. Your last edit was an hour ago. If it is no longer in use, could you please remove the note? Thank you!

Gerritholl aka Topjaklont | Talk 13:17, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the abilities have been finished. There is still some cross-referencing between similar abilities to be done, but since this is small print, I'll remove the "major edit underway" tag.

I hate what you said about my Friends article addition. The finale was months ago, so nothing was ruined. Besides, a spoiler warning was added minutes later. Also, I never clicked "Save page."- Wolfj

Please consider that I could have just removed your addition from the page without saying anything or having to give any reason. Instead, I touched nothing in the article itself and asked the opinion of other Wikipedians about the subject. In the end, your contribution remained as is anyway, so I don't see why you are still so angry with me... Looking back, I do apologise for my "Does it really offer useful information?" comment, though. I was aiming for a different meaning, but lack of time made me word that sentence poorly. Sinistro 22:11, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hey, Sinistro. It's Wolfj. I'm sorry I got so mad at you because you (unknowingly) got mad at me. I understand that you were typing quickly and misworded some things that you said about my article.

Images and media for deletion votes

 * I am contacting people who previously helped to vote to delete a generally objectionable photograph by a vote of 88 to 21, and who might be unaware that immediately after that image was voted to be deleted someone posted another which was very similar in content. My objections to this, and the previous image that was voted to be deleted might be based upon reasons far different from any that you have, but I do object to it, and consider the posting of such images to be acts of asinine stupidity, which burdens the project and its major educational aims in ways that they should not be burdened, and can be extremely detrimental to the acceptance and growth of WIkipedia's use and influence. Thus far those who I believe to be in the extreme minority of Wikipedians who would like to include these images, many who have been channeled to the voting page from the article with which it is associated have dominated the voting, 23 to 12 (as of the time that I composed this message). I would like to be somewhat instrumental in shedding a bit more light upon the issue, and if possible, helping to turn the tide against its inclusion. It might also be necessary to begin making an effort to establish an explicit Wikipedia policy against explicite photographic depictions of humans engaged in erotic, auto-erotic, or quasi-erotic activities. To my limited knowledge such images have not been accepted as appropriate anywhere else within this project, and frankly I can agree with those who are casually labeled prudes for opposing their inclusion, that they should not be. Vitally important information that might be unwelcome by some is one thing that should never be deleted, but un-needed images that can eventually prevent or impede many thousands or millions of people from gaining access to the great mass of truly important information that Wikipedia provides is quite another. There are vitally important distinctions to be made. Whatever your reasons, or final decisions upon the matter, I am appealing for more input on the voting that is occurring at Wikipedia:Images_and_media_for_deletion ~ Achilles † 21:05, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pokemon project pages - your accusation
You have accused me of "making minor edits in some Pokémon infoboxes so that the names before or after the Pokémon's name under its picture show its evolution chain (like you did in Umbreon.)".

If you look at the history of the Umbreon page, you will see that I had editted it on April 11th (a minor edit - moving the type information into a template, nothing which would be noticed by someone who looks over the page without clicking on "edit"). On April 17th, someone else (I.P address 24.217.180.226) changed the page in the way you mentioned. This other person was not me.

I did understand the fact that the Pokémon listed there are "before and after it in the National Pokédex". This is one of the main reasons that I created pages for the Pokémon that didn't already have them, and added the information boxes to articles which existed but didn't have them.User142 10:34, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Masturbation
I hope you do not consider this a violation of the request at the top of your page. I consider this a question of editing, not about a fight with any particular user. Would you care to register an opinon on the Masturbation Talk page as to whether a full color photograph of male masturbation is suitable for that page? Thank you. Force10 22:23, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

regarding Image:Pokeballs.jpg
Where did you get Image:Pokeballs.jpg from? The origin of the image is currently untagged, and, as it says on the description page itself, at some indistinct point in time WP may be forced to delete unlabelled media. So even if you say you found it on a forum thread that would probably be OK as far as source-labelling goes.

I'm very interested in getting a larger version of it if you have one, hopefully without the English translations obscuring it.

If you look at the way Poké Ball is now, it has high-quality pics of each ball. I intend to cut out the Apricorn balls to use alongside these other ones, but it would be easier to do this with a larger and non-Englished version.

Anyway, many thanks in advance! Master Thief Garrett 04:06, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

RfA on Argyrosargyrou
I've started a Requests for arbitration on User:Argyrosargyrou. Please take a look and add any evidence you feel is relevant to Requests for arbitration/Argyrosargyrou/Evidence. -- ChrisO 22:23, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A Pokemon Wiki
There is a Pokemon wiki at http://pokemon.wikicities.com/wiki/Home - it's not as good as the stuff we have here, but I think if we help, it may be within a few months. I think that us Wikipedians from the Pokemon project should help there to make is better. User142 30 June 2005 12:04 (UTC)

Pokemon 'crunch'
Hey, I didn't know you were Greek... cool.

Anyhow, would you look over and comment on the revised goals in WP:PAC, please? Almafeta 10:37, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

How do you do it?
On the PAC,you have de-stubbed over 75 articles and all to an amazing standard. Do you have any secret Websites up your sleeve? Ones not on the resources section on the talk page? Or have you just got every pokemon on all game carts and watched every anime episode twice? Honestly, you really did deserve that barnstar. --Celestianpower talk 15:49, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Well thank you, that is very flattering, but it is not anything special, really. I'm not such the die-hard Poke-maniac as my contributions might have you believe!
 * I use Pokemon Forever for Pokedex entries for the Biology section, stat-checking, movelists for strategy ideas, recent games availability, foreign names and a better image if one is needed.
 * I use the Gengar's Dungeon Pokedex for older games availability and for checking the old Special stat.
 * Anime information comes from the Pokemon of the Week at Serebii.net, and if it hasn't been featured I do an inter-site Google search - the first 30 results generally have all the episodes where the Pokemon's name is mentioned.
 * Ideas for the crude strategies I give also come from the Serebii.net Pokemon of the week featured, or from the IGN FAQs (http://faqs.ign.com/objects/015/015402.html and http://faqs.ign.com/objects/017/017508.html). The IGN FAQs are the only site I use that has not been mentioned in the project's talk page.

Thanks, re the Gym Leader thing
Thanks for the vote of confidence on WP:PAC. I can understand how everyone is quick to defend the Pokémon articles on WP, but yow, there's knowing a thing, and then there's seeing a thing in action. Thanks for reaffirming that I was acting in good faith. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 16:27, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Team Rocket Wikiquote
Greetings... I started this cleanup project on wikiquote but I don't know anything about Pokemon. Do you or someone you know wanna finish it? If not no big deal just putting it out there. Sveden 20:47, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello. Nice job on the this. Thanks. One question... for the Butch and Cassidy Motto section why did you name it Plagiarized?

 * I spent way too long today editing the quotes and stuff. Just polishing but it took too long and now I'm sick of the page. Would you mind finishing up the monster name linking? I don't have the energy. I will admit, even though I don't like Pokemon there are some funny quotes there. Sveden 21:47, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

WP:PAC - 100
I don't know how you did it, but you did it well. Congratulations on reaching the 100. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 13:43, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I really appreciate it! Sinistro 13:52, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

You might want to know...
In Talk:Pokémon (anime), User:CoolKatt number 9999 is accusing us of hacking into the accounts of a dozen users to rig AFD votes. You might want to go see, if only for a cheap laugh. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 23:45, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Pokemon World Map.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pokemon World Map.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Welcome back!
Of course I remember you :). A lot has happened since your deparure - notably 2 FAs - Bulbasaur and Torchic. Anyway, it's great to see your talents again. Kindest regards, —Cel es tianpower háblame 12:06, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Greetings from Greece
Hello fellow homelander, heh, I came across your userpage by pure lack and I am surprised I didn't know you earlier since apparently you've been around the Pokemon scene for a while. Me and some other fellow players from Greece, are trying to make a Greek Pokemon fan community under the hood of my website, Legendary Pokemon, which is already considered by our many visitors as a very trustworthy Pokemon mechanics-oriented website. I'd be glad if you could join our effort. Arty2 --22:30, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sinistro


text:
User talk:Mystyc

Pages or edits made by me are intended as a good faith contribution to Wikipedia and are emphatically not produced to inflame or advocate any particular perspective. If any such pages are deemed lacking because of my deficient language, insufficient understanding of the purposes or culture of Wikipedia, or inadequate research of the subject matter, then I convey my sincere apologies and hope that further edits by those more experienced than I, will correct the problems observed. I do not expect or hope to be consulted over such corrections.

Apple Intel Transition
You've written a very good essay analysing Apple's plans to switch to Intel. Unfortunately, essays and analysis aren't what Wikipedia is here for. Please try to keep in mind that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia for recording generally-accepted facts, and not a place to air anyone's thoughts or opinions - however insightful - on current topics. Tverbeek 17:08, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It's also considered inappropriate (or at least rude) to delete messages that people leave on your Talk page, especially without first responding to them. Tverbeek 17:54, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.
You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! UtherSRG 17:28, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

PS. You can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mystyc


text:
Complementary colors

Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out (lose hue) by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors. Complementary colors may also be called "opposite colors".

Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses:
 * Modern color theory uses either the RGB additive color model or the CMY subtractive color model, and in these, the complementary pairs are red–cyan, green–magenta (one of the purples), and blue–yellow.
 * In the traditional RYB color model, the complementary color pairs are red–green, yellow–purple, and blue–orange.
 * Opponent process theory suggests that the most contrasting color pairs are red–green and blue–yellow.
 * The black-white color pair is common to all the above theories.

These contradictions stem in part from the fact that traditional color theory has been superseded by empirically-derived modern color theory, and in part from the imprecision of language. For example, blue can be the complement of both yellow and orange because a wide range of hues, from cyan to blue-violet, are called blue in English.

Traditional color model
The traditional color wheel model dates to the 18th century and is still used by many artists today. This model designates red, yellow and blue as primary colors with the primary–secondary complementary pairs of red–green, blue-orange, and yellow–purple.

In this traditional scheme, a complementary color pair contains one primary color (yellow, blue or red) and a secondary color (green, purple or orange). The complement of any primary color can be made by combining the two other primary colors. For example, to achieve the complement of yellow (a primary color) one could combine red and blue. The result would be purple, which appears directly across from yellow on the color wheel. Continuing with the color wheel model, one could then combine yellow and purple, which essentially means that all three primary colors would be present at once. Since paints work by absorbing light, having all three primaries together produces a black or gray color (see subtractive color). In more recent painting manuals, the more precise subtractive primary colors are magenta, cyan and yellow.

Complementary colors can create some striking optical effects. The shadow of an object appears to contain some of the complementary color of the object. For example, the shadow of a red apple will appear to contain a little blue-green. This effect is often copied by painters who want to create more luminous and realistic shadows. If one stares at a color for about 45 seconds, and then looks at a white paper or wall, they will briefly see an afterimage of the object in its complementary color.

Placed side-by-side as tiny dots, in partitive color mixing, complementary colors appear gray.

Colors produced by light
The RGB color model, invented in the 19th century and fully developed in the 20th century, uses combinations of red, green, and blue light against a black background to make the colors seen on a computer monitor or television screen. In the RGB model, the primary colors are red, green, and blue. The complementary primary–secondary combinations are red–cyan, green–magenta, and blue–yellow. In the RGB color model, the light of two complementary colors, such as red and cyan, combined at full intensity, will make white light, since two complementary colors contain light with the full range of the spectrum. If the light is not fully intense, the resulting light will be gray.

In some other color models, such as the HSV color space, the neutral colors (white, grays, and black) lie along a central axis. Complementary colors (as defined in HSV) lie opposite each other on any horizontal cross-section. For example, in the CIE 1931 color space a color of a "dominant" wavelength can be mixed with an amount of the complementary wavelength to produce a neutral color (gray or white).

Color printing
Color printing, like painting, also uses subtractive colors, but the complementary colors are different from those used in painting. As a result, the same logic applies as to colors produced by light. Color printing uses the CMYK color model, making colors by overprinting cyan, magenta, yellow, and black ink. In printing the most common complementary colors are magenta–green, yellow–blue, and cyan–red. In terms of complementary/opposite colors, this model gives exactly the same result as using the RGB model. Black is added when needed to make the colors darker.

In color theory
The effect that colors have upon each other had been noted since antiquity. In his essay On Colors, Aristotle observed that "when light falls upon another color, then, as a result of this new combination, it takes on another nuance of color". Saint Thomas Aquinas had written that purple looked different next to white than it did next to black, and that gold looked more striking against blue than it did against white; the Italian Renaissance architect and writer Leon Battista Alberti observed that there was harmony (coniugatio in Latin, and amicizia in Italian) between certain colors, such as red–green and red–blue; and Leonardo da Vinci observed that the finest harmonies were those between colors exactly opposed (retto contrario), but no one had a convincing scientific explanation why that was so until the 18th century.

In 1704, in his treatise on optics, Isaac Newton devised a circle showing a spectrum of seven colors. In this work and in an earlier work in 1672, he observed that certain colors around the circle were opposed to each other and provided the greatest contrast; he named red and blue (modern cyan), yellow and violet, and green and "a purple close to scarlet".

In the following decades, scientists refined Newton's color circle, eventually giving it twelve colors: the three primary colors (yellow, blue, and red); three secondary colors (green, purple and orange), made by combining primary colors; and six additional tertiary colors, made by combining the primary and secondary colors.

In two reports read before the Royal Society (London) in 1794, the American-born British scientist Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753–1814), coined the term complement to describe two colors that, when mixed, produce white. While conducting photometric experiments on factory lighting in Munich, Thompson noticed that an "imaginary" blue color was produced in the shadow of yellow candlelight illuminated by skylight, an effect that he reproduced in other colors by means of tinted glasses and pigmented surfaces. He theorized that "To every color, without exception, whatever may be its hue or shade, or however it may be compounded, there is another in perfect harmony to it, which is its complement, and may be said to be its companion." He also suggested some possible practical uses of this discovery. "By experiments of this kind, which might easily be made, ladies may choose ribbons for their gowns, or those who furnish rooms may arrange their colors upon principles of the most perfect harmony and of the purest taste. The advantages that painters might derive from a knowledge of these principles of the harmony of colors are too obvious to require illustration."

In the early 19th century, scientists and philosophers across Europe began studying the nature and interaction of colors. The German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe presented his own theory in 1810, stating that the two primary colors were those in the greatest opposition to each other, yellow and blue, representing light and darkness. He wrote that "Yellow is a light which has been dampened by darkness; blue is a darkness weakened by light." Out of the opposition of blue and yellow, through a process called "steigerung", or "augmentation" a third color, red, was born. Goethe also proposed several sets of complementary colors which "demanded" each other. According to Goethe, "yellow 'demands' violet; orange [demands] blue; purple [demands] green; and vice versa". Goethe's ideas were highly personal and often disagreed with other scientific research, but they were highly popular and influenced some important artists, including J. M. W. Turner.

At about the same time that Goethe was publishing his theory, a British physicist, doctor and Egyptologist, Thomas Young (1773–1829), showed by experiments that it was not necessary to use all the colors of spectrum to create white light; it could be done by combining the light of just three colors; red, green, and blue. This discovery was the foundation of additive colors, and of the RGB color model. He showed that it was possible to create magenta by combining red and blue light; to create yellow by mixing red and green light; and to create cyan, or blue-green, by mixing green and blue. He also found that it was possible to create virtually any other color by modifying the intensity of these colors. This discovery led to the system used today to create colors on a computer or television display. Young was also the first to propose that the retina of the eye contained nerve fibers which were sensitive to three different colors. This foreshadowed the modern understanding of color vision, in particular the finding that the eye does indeed have three color receptors which are sensitive to different wavelength ranges.

At about the same time as Young discovered additive colors, another British scientist, David Brewster (1781–1868), the inventor of the kaleidoscope, proposed a competing theory that the true primary colors were red, yellow, and blue, and that the true complementary pairs were red–green, blue–orange, and yellow–purple. Then a German scientist, Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821–1894), resolved the debate by showing that colors formed by light, additive colors, and those formed by pigments, subtractive colors, did in fact operate by different rules, and had different primary and complementary colors.

Other scientists looked more closely at the use of complementary colors. In 1828, the French chemist Eugene Chevreul, making a study of the manufacture of Gobelin tapestries to make the colors brighter, demonstrated scientifically that "the arrangement of complementary colors is superior to any other harmony of contrasts". His 1839 book on the subject, De la loi du contraste simultané des couleurs et de l'assortiment des objets colorés, showing how complementary colors can be used in everything from textiles to gardens, was widely read in Germany, France and England, and made complementary colors a popular concept. The use of complementary colors was further publicized by the French art critic Charles Blanc in his book Grammaire des arts et du dessin (1867) and later by the American color theorist Ogden Rood in his book Modern Chromatics (1879). These books were read with great enthusiasm by contemporary painters, particularly Georges Seurat and Vincent van Gogh, who put the theories into practice in their paintings.

In 2022 a team from Los Alamos National Laboratory found that three dimensional perceptual color space is not Riemannian, as has been widely accepted since being proposed by Reimann and furthered by Helmholtz and Schroedinger. They conducted comparative tests with human subjects using 'two-alternative forced choice' tasks for greater accuracy. They found large color differences were perceived as less distant than the sum of all distances within them. When these perceived distances are plotted it results in a non-Euclidean color space. This finding most strongly impacts analogous color pairings, as the distance between colors grows larger as you zoom in on an area of color space. They conclude there would need to be changes to the color standard used by the International Commission of Weights and Measures, to account for diminishing perceptual returns on color spacings.

In art
In 1872, Claude Monet painted Impression, Sunrise, a tiny orange sun and some orange light reflected on the clouds and water in the center of a hazy blue landscape. This painting, with its striking use of the complementary colors orange and blue, gave its name to the impressionist movement. Monet was familiar with the science of complementary colors, and used them with enthusiasm. He wrote in 1888, "color makes its impact from contrasts rather than from its inherent qualities....the primary colors seem more brilliant when they are in contrast with their complementary colors".

Orange and blue became an important combination for all the impressionist painters. They all had studied the recent books on color theory, and they knew that orange placed next to blue made both colors much brighter. Auguste Renoir painted boats with stripes of chrome orange paint straight from the tube. Paul Cézanne used orange made of touches of yellow, red and ochre against a blue background.

Vincent van Gogh was especially known for using this technique; he created his own oranges with mixtures of yellow, ochre and red, and placed them next to slashes of sienna red and bottle-green, and below a sky of turbulent blue and violet. He also put an orange moon and stars in a cobalt blue sky. He wrote to his brother Theo of "searching for oppositions of blue with orange, of red with green, of yellow with purple, searching for broken colors and neutral colors to harmonize the brutality of extremes, trying to make the colors intense, and not a harmony of greys".

Describing his painting, The Night Café, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood-red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens."

Afterimages
When one stares at a single color (red for example) for a sustained period of time (roughly thirty seconds to a minute), then looks at a white surface, an afterimage of the complementary color (in this case cyan) will appear. This is one of several aftereffects studied in the psychology of visual perception which are generally ascribed to fatigue in specific parts of the visual system.

In the case above the photoreceptors for red light in the retina are fatigued, lessening their ability to send the information to the brain. When white light is viewed, the red portions of light incident upon the eye are not transmitted as efficiently as the other wavelengths (or colors), and the result is the illusion of viewing the complementary color since the image is now biased by loss of the color, in this case red. As the receptors are given time to rest, the illusion vanishes. In the case of looking at the white light, red light is still incident upon the eye (as well as blue and green), however since the receptors for other light colors are also being fatigued, the eye will reach an equilibrium.

Practical applications
The use of complementary colors is an important aspect of aesthetically pleasing art and graphic design. This also extends to other fields such as contrasting colors in logos and retail display. When placed next to each other, complements make each other appear brighter.

Complementary colors also have more practical uses. Because orange and blue are complementary colors, life rafts and life vests are traditionally orange, to provide the highest contrast and visibility when seen from ships or aircraft over the ocean.

Red and cyan glasses are used in the Anaglyph 3D system to produce 3D images on computer screens.

title: Complementary colors


text:
NCAA Division II independent schools

NCAA Division II independent schools are four-year institutions that compete in college athletics at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, but do not belong to an established college athletic conference for a particular sport. These schools may however still compete as members of an athletic conference in other sports. A school may also be fully independent, and not belong to any athletic conference for any sport at all. The reason for independent status varies among institutions, but it is frequently because the school's primary athletic conference does not sponsor a particular sport.

Full independents
Division II was created in 1973, at a time when the NCAA included dozens of independent members, plus members of conferences who played as independents in one or more sports. The trend toward consolidating the NCAA membership into conferences began in the late 1970s, and within a decade the number of independent programs declined dramatically. The lists below include only the small number of programs still functioning on an independent basis in recent years.

Current members

 * Notes:

Former members

 * Notes:

Men's sponsored sports by school
Departing members in pink.

Women's sponsored sports by school
Departing members in pink.

Other sponsored sports by school

 * ‡ — D-I sport

Baseball independents
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport (Salem), since they have been listed before.

Football independents
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport, since they have been listed before. Shorter will move its football program to its full-time home of Conference Carolinas once that league begins sponsoring football in 2025.

Soccer independents
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport (UPR Bayamón and Salem men's soccer and UPR Bayamón, UPR Río Piedras and Salem women's soccer), since they have been listed before.

Lacrosse independents
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport, since they have been listed before.

Wrestling independents
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport (Salem and UPR Mayagüez), since they have been listed before.

Golf
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport, since they have been listed before.

Rowing
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport, since they have been listed before.

Swimming & diving
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport, since they have been listed before.

Tennis
Does not include all-sports independent teams that sponsor the sport (all of them in men's & women's tennis), since they have been listed before.

title: NCAA Division II independent schools


text:
Grey College, Durham

Grey College is a college of Durham University in England, founded in 1959 as part of the university's expansion of its student population. The college was originally planned to be named Oliver Cromwell College, but this proved too controversial. Instead, the college is named after Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the time of the university's foundation.

The student population of Grey College consists of around 1,351 students, made up of just over 1,200 undergraduate students and a further 150 postgraduate students. The college is fully catered.

History
Founded in 1959, Grey was the first college of the university's post-war expansion, and the second college to open on Elvet Hill after St Mary's. It was also the last college founded before the separation of Durham and Newcastle in 1963. The college initially only admitted men, but has been mixed since 1984.

In March 1959, just a few months before the opening of the college, the Elvet block (then the main block of the college) was devastated by fire. However, the college recovered to open as scheduled in October and adopted the phoenix as its unofficial badge. The college coat of arms features a scaling ladder (or gré — the badge of the Grey family) between two St Cuthbert's crosses (the symbol of Durham). A new grant of arms in 2004 confirmed these and added the phoenix as a crest.

Fountains Hall was completed in 1971 and the Lattin Chapel, named after former college bursar Frank Lattin, was consecrated on 18 November 1973 by the Bishop of Durham, John Habgood.

During the 1966 World Cup, Grey College was home to the Soviet Union's football team who were playing their group matches in Sunderland and Middlesbrough. They won all their matches while based in Durham, but eventually lost to West Germany in the semi-finals.

Grey College was exclusively for male students until the start of the 1984–1985 academic year, when a contingent of nineteen women joined the college in their first year as a pilot programme. These first female members of the college had been assigned to Grey, rather than having chosen it, since they had not specified a college of residence at the time they had applied to the University of Durham. Few changes were made to accommodate the new mixed-sex living arrangements—toilet and bathroom facilities were shared, for instance. Female students could, however, request lace curtains in addition to the regular fabric curtains for their rooms.

In the following year, 1985–1986, Grey College opened its doors to all women, who could now actively apply to join the college. By the time these women had graduated three years later, Grey had become indistinguishable in population from the other mixed-sex colleges of the university.

In 1992 a plan to construct a fourth accommodation block was announced. This became Holgate House, named after the college's first Master, Sidney Holgate, and was opened in 1996. The Victor Watts Memorial Library, named after the college's third master, opened as an extension to Holgate House in 2005.

Buildings
There are four accommodation blocks on site: Hollingside (the main building), Elvet, Oswald, and Holgate House. The college offers a number of other facilities: Hollingside contains the 280-seat dining room, the college bar, and the Junior Common Room (JCR), which has the largest TV of any Durham college. Holgate House has a conference centre and a library with over 7,000 books. A fifth building, Fountains Hall, is the home of Phoenix Theatre Company (PTC), the college chapel, a multi-purpose hall (for everything from badminton to band practice), and a toastie bar.

The Durham University Botanic Garden and the High Wood are located next door to the college, and a path leads directly to the Mountjoy Site (formerly known as the Science Site).

College life
Notable social events include "The Informal or Winter Ball;" the "President's Guest Night" and "Grey Day", a music festival following the end of the examination period. The year comes to an end with "The Phoenix Ball", the largest and most lavish social event of the year.

Grey has a large number of sports clubs, ranging from Grey College Boat Club through Grey College Ultimate Frisbee Club to team croquet. Many of Grey's sporting clubs have enjoyed success in recent years, notably the women's hockey team, boat club, darts team, rugby team, football team, cheerleading squad and Ultimate Frisbee Club.

Members of the college sometimes refer to themselves as the "Grey Army" and can be found at many college sporting events (usually rugby games) supporting the team, with a "Commander-in-Chief" appointed by the JCR each academic year to lead the troops. Another mascot of the college is the "College Trout"—a Big Mouth Billy Hamill toy that is currently stationed behind the bar. A bi-annual magazine, Grey Matter, also exists to satirise college events.

The college has a fellowship in mathematics (the Alan David Richards Fellowship) and a general fellowship scheme (the Sidney Holgate Fellowships), which includes funding for research fellows and an artist in residence.

Notable students

 * Heidi Alexander – BA Geog., MA – Labour MP for Lewisham East
 * Adam Applegarth – BA Maths and Economics – Chief executive, Northern Rock (2001–07)
 * Daniel Casey – BA English Literature – Co-star of Midsomer Murders, Casualty
 * Peter Dixon – England Rugby Union Captain 1971
 * Alan Greaves – archaeologist, University of Liverpool
 * Chris Higgins – academic, Vice Chancellor of Durham University 2007 – 2014
 * James Kirkup FRSLit – BA – travel writer, poet, novelist, playwright, translator, broadcaster, Hon. Fellow Grey College from 1992
 * Nish Kumar – BA History – Comedian
 * Dominic Montserrat – BA Egyptology – TV egyptologist
 * John A. Pyle CBE FRS – BSc Physics – Atmospheric Scientist. Head of Chemistry Department at The University of Cambridge
 * Tim Stimpson – BA Anthropology (1995) – Rugby Union player and England international (1996–2002)
 * Major General John Sutherell - British Army Officer who served in the SAS.
 * The Rt Revd Rob Wickham - BA Geography - Anglican Bishop of Edmonton from 2015 and sometime part-time as Acting Bishop of Portsmouth.
 * James Wilby – BSc Maths. – film, television and theatre actor
 * David Williams F.R.S. – 1960-62 – Mathematician, formerly Professor of Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge
 * The Rt Revd Paul Gavin Williams – BA Hons Theol. (1989) – Bishop of Kensington, from 2015 Bishop of Southwell.

Fellows
 * Rabbi Lionel Blue – Rabbi, broadcaster, author and Honorary Doctor of Divinity & Fellow at Grey College
 * Sir Reresby Sitwell, 7th Baronet – Hon. Fellow from 2001

Masters and principals
The head of college was titled 'master' until 2023, when the title of 'principal' was adopted by Sonia Virdee, the first woman to be the head of the college.

 * Sidney Holgate (1959 to 1980)
 * Eric Halladay (1980 to 1988)
 * Victor Watts (1988 to 2002)
 * J. Martyn Chamberlain (2002 to 2011)
 * Thomas Allen (2011 to 2021)
 * Peter Swift (Acting Master 2021-2023)
 * Sonia Virdee (2023 to present)

title: Grey College, Durham


text:
Outline of spirituality

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to spirituality:

Spirituality may refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of their own being, or the "deepest values and meanings by which people live."

Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life; spiritual experience includes that of connectedness with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive self; with other individuals or the human community; with nature or the cosmos; or with the divine realm.

Introductory topics

 * Paranormal
 * Extra-sensory perception
 * Near-death experience
 * Parapsychology (Paraphysics)
 * Anomalous cognition
 * Claims of parapsychology
 * History of parapsychology
 * Precognition
 * Psychokinesis
 * Remote viewing
 * Uri Geller
 * Philosophy
 * Epistemology
 * Ethics
 * Free will
 * Idealism
 * Materialism
 * Metaphysics
 * Mechanism
 * Mind-body dualism
 * Mind-body problem
 * Nondualism
 * Noumenon
 * Phenomenalism
 * Phenomenon
 * Philosophy of mind
 * Philosophy of religion
 * Philosophy of science
 * Reductionism
 * Spiritualism
 * Skepticism
 * Truth
 * Vitalism
 * Religion
 * Agnosticism
 * Animism
 * Atheism
 * Cult
 * Faith
 * Gnosticism
 * God
 * Goddess
 * Higher consciousness
 * Monotheism
 * Mythology
 * Neo-Pantheism
 * New religious movement
 * Pantheism
 * Polytheism
 * Prayer
 * Religious naturalism
 * Soul
 * Spiritism
 * Spiritual being
 * Science
 * Altered state of consciousness
 * Brain
 * Chaos theory
 * Chemistry
 * Cognitive psychology
 * Consciousness
 * Magical thinking
 * Neuropsychology
 * Odic force
 * Paraphysics
 * Parapsychology
 * Physics
 * Pseudoscience
 * Psychiatry
 * Psychology
 * Quantum mechanics
 * Superstition
 * Unconscious mind
 * Spirituality
 * Esotericism
 * Ietsism
 * Karma
 * Meditation
 * Merkabah
 * Mysticism
 * New Age
 * Occultism
 * Reincarnation
 * Subtle body

Shabda

 * Eckankar
 * Harold Klemp
 * Quan Yin Method
 * Suma Ching Hai
 * Sant Mat
 * Baba Sawan Singh
 * Radha Soami Satsang Beas
 * Sant Baljit Singh
 * Sant Kirpal Singh
 * Sant Thakar Singh
 * Shiv Dayal Singh
 * Surat Shabda Yoga
 * Techniques of Knowledge
 * Prem Rawat

Other topics

 * Chakra
 * Ajna / Mind's eye / Third eye
 * Anahata
 * Bindu
 * Manipura
 * Muladhara
 * Sahasrara
 * Subud, or Susila Budhi Dharma
 * Swadhisthana
 * Vishuddha
 * Kundalini energy
 * Planes of existence
 * Tantra
 * The Urantia Book
 * Yoga

Philosophy and religion

 * Buddhism
 * Mahayana Buddhism
 * Theravada
 * Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism)
 * Zen
 * Hinduism
 * Bhakti yoga
 * Jnana Yoga
 * Karma yoga
 * List of sutras
 * Śruti
 * Smriti
 * Tantra
 * Upanishads
 * Vedanta
 * Yoga
 * I Ching
 * Sikhism
 * The Sikh Gurus
 * Guru Granth Sahib
 * Sikh religious philosophy
 * List of Sikhism-related topics
 * Taoism
 * Lao Zi
 * Dao De Jing
 * Taiji
 * Universal Dialectic
 * Yin Yang
 * The Urantia Book

Inner path
"Inner path", as a spiritual or religious concept, is referred to in:
 * Spiritual paths
 * Involution (Meher Baba)
 * Eckankar
 * Salik
 * Burhaniya
 * Gilgul
 * Nizari
 * Sulook
 * Involution (esoterism)
 * Ordre Reaux Croix
 * Universal Life
 * Surat Shabd Yoga or Sant Mat

Left-hand path

 * Left-hand path and right-hand path
 * Black art
 * Black magic
 * Necromancy
 * Satanism
 * Baphomet
 * Church of Satan
 * Luciferianism
 * Philosophical Satanism
 * Satan
 * Satanic panic
 * Satanic ritual abuse
 * Anton LaVey
 * Vampire
 * Temple of Set

Magic and occult

 * Aleister Crowley
 * The Book of Thoth
 * Magick
 * Chaos magic
 * Eliphas Levi
 * Enochian magic
 * Goetia
 * Grimoire
 * Necronomicon
 * Hoodoo
 * Magic
 * Occultism
 * Pentagram
 * Quareia
 * Ritual magic
 * Santería
 * Seid
 * Thelema
 * Vodou

Martial arts

 * Martial arts
 * List of martial arts
 * List of martial arts weapons
 * Neijia
 * Baguazhang
 * Xingyiquan
 * Tai chi

New Age

 * Age of Aquarius
 * New Age
 * List of New Age topics
 * Qigong

People

 * Helena Blavatsky
 * Edgar Cayce
 * Evelyn Underhill
 * G. I. Gurdjieff
 * Rudolf Steiner
 * Ken Wilber

Concentration

 * Astral projection
 * Dhikr
 * Meditation
 * Muraqaba
 * Prayer
 * Remote viewing
 * Yoga

Divination

 * Astrology
 * Augur
 * Cartomancy
 * Cleromancy
 * Divination
 * Dowsing
 * Pendulum
 * Fortune-telling
 * Geomancy
 * Haruspex
 * I Ching
 * Omen
 * Tarot reading

Other

 * Lucid dream
 * Out-of-body experience

Religion, esotericism, and mysticism

 * Anthroposophy
 * Christian mysticism
 * Christian mystics
 * Esotericism
 * Hermeticism
 * List of occultists
 * Mysticism
 * Salvation
 * Spiritualism
 * Western mystery tradition

Organizations

 * AMORC
 * FUDOFSI
 * FUDOSI
 * Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
 * Illuminates of Thanateros
 * Knights Templar
 * Ordo Templi Orientis
 * Subud
 * List of general fraternities

People

 * Constant Chevillon
 * Dion Fortune
 * Max Heindel
 * Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
 * Baron Carl Reichenbach
 * Rudolf Steiner
 * Osho

Rosicrucianism

 * Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC)
 * Builders of the Adytum (BOTA)
 * Fraternitas Rosae Crucis
 * Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
 * Ordo Templi Orientis
 * Rosicrucian Fellowship
 * Scottish Rite Freemasonry
 * Societas Rosicruciana

Occultism and practical mysticism

 * Alchemy
 * Faith healing
 * Servants of the Light

Neopaganism

 * Neopaganism
 * Paganism
 * Rule of Three (Wiccan)
 * Wicca

Christianity

 * Catholicism
 * Christian mysticism
 * Christian Science
 * Mount Athos
 * Orthodoxy

Esoteric Christianity

 * Anthroposophy
 * Christian vegetarianism
 * Theosis
 * Hesychasm
 * Gregory Palamas
 * Philokalia

Sufism

 * Dhikr
 * Lataif-e-Sitta
 * Muraqaba
 * Qawwali
 * Sama
 * Sufi cosmology
 * Sufi texts
 * Sufi whirling

Judaism

 * Kabbalah (also spelled Qabalah, QBLH)

title: Outline of spirituality


text:
Robert Wyatt

Robert Wyatt (born Robert Wyatt-Ellidge, 28 January 1945 ) is a retired English musician. A founding member of the influential Canterbury scene bands Soft Machine and Matching Mole, he was initially a kit drummer and singer before becoming paraplegic following an accidental fall from a window in 1973, which led him to abandon band work, explore other instruments, and begin a 40-year solo career.

A key player during the formative years of British jazz fusion, psychedelia and progressive rock, Wyatt's own work became increasingly interpretative, collaborative and politicised from the mid-1970s onwards. His solo music has covered a particularly individual musical terrain ranging from covers of pop singles to shifting, amorphous song collections drawing on elements of jazz, folk and nursery rhyme.

Wyatt retired from his music career in 2014, stating "there is a pride in [stopping], I don't want [the music] to go off." He is married to English painter and songwriter Alfreda Benge.

Early life
Wyatt was born in Bristol. His mother, Honor Wyatt, was a journalist with the BBC, and his father, George Ellidge, was an industrial psychologist. Honor Wyatt was a cousin of Woodrow Wyatt, whose political stance influenced Robert in joining the Communist Party of Great Britain. Wyatt had two half-brothers from his parents' previous marriages, Honor Wyatt's son, actor Julian Glover, and George Ellidge's son, press photographer Mark Ellidge. His parents' friends were "quite bohemian", and his upbringing was "unconventional". Wyatt said "It seemed perfectly normal to me. My father didn't join us until I was six, and he died ten years later, having retired early with multiple sclerosis, so I was brought up a lot by women." Wyatt attended the Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys, Canterbury and as a teenager lived with his parents in Lydden near Dover, where he was taught drums by visiting American jazz drummer George Neidorf. It was during this period that Wyatt met and became friends with expatriate Australian musician Daevid Allen, who rented a room in Wyatt's family home.

In 1962, Wyatt and Neidorf moved to Majorca, living near the poet Robert Graves. The following year, Wyatt returned to England and joined the Daevid Allen Trio with Allen and Hugh Hopper. Allen subsequently left for France, and Wyatt and Hopper formed the Wilde Flowers, with Kevin Ayers, Richard Sinclair and Brian Hopper. Wyatt was initially the drummer in the Wilde Flowers, but following the departure of Ayers, he also became lead singer.

Soft Machine and Matching Mole
In 1966, the Wilde Flowers split into two bands—Caravan and the Soft Machine—and Wyatt, along with Mike Ratledge, was invited to join Soft Machine by Kevin Ayers and Daevid Allen. Wyatt both drummed and shared vocals with Ayers, an unusual combination for a stage rock band. In 1970, after chaotic touring, three albums and increasing internal conflicts in Soft Machine, Wyatt released his first solo album, The End of an Ear, which combined his vocal and multi-instrumental talents with tape effects. A year later, after becoming increasingly unhappy about his musical ideas being rejected by the others, Wyatt left Soft Machine. He participated in the fusion bigband Centipede, performed at the JazzFest Berlin's New Violin Summit, a live concert with violinists Jean-Luc Ponty, Don "Sugarcane" Harris, Michał Urbaniak and Nipso Brantner, guitarist Terje Rypdal, keyboardist Wolfgang Dauner and bassist Neville Whitehead, and formed his own band Matching Mole (a pun, "machine molle" being French for 'Soft Machine'), a largely instrumental outfit that recorded two albums.

Accident
Matching Mole gradually disbanded, and Wyatt began writing material that would eventually appear on his second 'solo' album in Venice. He began to assemble a new band in England to record these numbers, but on 1 June 1973, during a birthday party for Gong's Gilli Smyth and June Campbell Cramer (also known as Lady June) at the latter's Maida Vale home, an inebriated Wyatt fell from a fourth-floor window and broke his spine. He was paralysed from the waist down and has used a wheelchair for mobility ever since. On 4 November, Pink Floyd performed two benefit concerts, in one day, at London's Rainbow Theatre, supported by Soft Machine, and compered by John Peel. The concerts raised a reported £10,000 for Wyatt.

In a BBC Radio 4 profile aired in 2012, Wyatt revealed that he and his wife Alfreda Benge were also given generous help by friends of Benge's, including supermodel Jean Shrimpton, who gave them a car, and actress Julie Christie, who gave them use of a flat in London, which they later bought from her. In the same interview, Wyatt also observed that his accident probably saved his life – although he did not drink at all when he was younger, he quickly fell into a pattern of heavy drinking while touring the United States in the late 1960s supporting the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and that he often caroused with heavy-drinking colleagues like Mitch Mitchell, Noel Redding and especially Keith Moon (who introduced him to the practice of alternating shots of tequila and Southern Comfort). By his own estimation, he was an alcoholic by the early 1970s, and he felt that, had the accident not intervened to change his lifestyle, his heavy drinking and reckless behaviour would have eventually killed him.

Solo career
The injury led Wyatt to abandon the Matching Mole project, and his rock drumming (though he would continue to play drums and percussion in more of a "jazz" fashion, without the use of his feet). He promptly embarked on a solo career, and with musician friends (including Mike Oldfield, Ivor Cutler and Henry Cow guitarist Fred Frith) released his solo album Rock Bottom on 26 July 1974. The album had been largely composed prior to Wyatt's accident, but during Wyatt's convalescence, he rethought the arrangements to adjust to his new circumstances, and many of the lyrics were completed during this period. The album was met with mostly positive reviews.

Two months later Wyatt put out a single, a cover version of "I'm a Believer", which hit number 29 in the UK chart. Both were produced by Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason. There were strong arguments with the producer of Top of the Pops surrounding Wyatt's performance of "I'm a Believer", on the grounds that his use of a wheelchair "was not suitable for family viewing", the producer wanting Wyatt to appear in a wicker chair. Wyatt won the day and "lost his rag but not the wheelchair". A contemporary issue of New Musical Express featured the band (a stand-in acting for Mason), all in wheelchairs, on its cover. Wyatt subsequently sang lead vocals on Mason's first solo album Fictitious Sports (1981), a suite of songs composed by American jazz musician Carla Bley.

His follow-up single, a reggae ballad remake of Chris Andrews's hit "Yesterday Man", again produced by Mason, was eventually given a low-key release, "the boss at Virgin claiming that single was 'lugubrious', the delay and lack of promotion denting Wyatt's chances of a follow-up hit."

Wyatt's next solo album, Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard (1975), produced by Wyatt apart from one track produced by Mason, was more jazz-led, with free jazz influences. Guest musicians included Brian Eno on guitar, synthesizer and "direct inject anti-jazz ray gun". Wyatt went on to appear on the fifth release of Eno's Obscure Records label, Jan Steele/John Cage: Voices and Instruments (1976), singing two Cage songs.

Throughout the rest of the 1970s Wyatt guested with various acts, including Henry Cow (documented on their Concerts album), Hatfield and the North, Carla Bley, Eno, Michael Mantler, and Roxy Music guitarist Phil Manzanera, contributing lead vocals to lead track "Frontera", from Manzanera's 1975 solo debut Diamond Head. In 1976 he was featured vocalist on Mantler's settings of the poems of Edward Gorey, appearing alongside Terje Rypdal (guitar) Carla Bley (piano, clavinet, synthesizer), Steve Swallow (bass) and Jack DeJohnette (drums) on the album The Hapless Child and Other Stories.

His solo work during the early 1980s was increasingly politicised, and Wyatt became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. In 1983, his original version of Elvis Costello and Clive Langer's Falklands War-inspired song "Shipbuilding", which followed a series of political cover-versions (collected as Nothing Can Stop Us), reached number 35 in the UK Singles Chart, having reached number 2 in John Peel's Festive Fifty for 1982-released tracks. In 1984 Wyatt provided guest vocals, along with Tracey Thorn and Claudia Figueroa, on "Venceremos (We Will Win)", a song expressing political solidarity with Chilean people suffering under Pinochet's military dictatorship, released as a single by UK soul-jazz dance band Working Week, also included on their debut album released the following year.

In 1985 Wyatt released Old Rottenhat, his first album of original songs since Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard. The album featured strongly political songs with relatively sparse arrangements played largely by Wyatt alone.

In the late 1980s, after collaborations with other acts such as News from Babel, Scritti Politti, and Japanese recording artist Ryuichi Sakamoto on his 1989 cover of the Rolling Stones' "We Love You" which had additional backing vocals from Brian Wilson, he and his wife Alfreda Benge spent a sabbatical in Spain, before returning in 1991 with a comeback album Dondestan. His 1997 album Shleep was also praised.

In 1999 he collaborated with the Italian singer Cristina Donà on her second album Nido. In the summer of 2000 her first EP Goccia was released and Wyatt made an appearance in the video of the title track.

Wyatt contributed "Masters of the Field", as well as "The Highest Gander", "La Forêt Rouge" and "Hors Champ" to the soundtrack of the 2001 film Winged Migration. He can be seen in the DVD's Special Features section, and is praised by the film's composer Bruno Coulais as being a big influence in his younger days.

In June 2001, Wyatt was curator of the Meltdown festival, and sang "Comfortably Numb" with David Gilmour at the festival. It was recorded on Gilmour's DVD David Gilmour in Concert.

In January 2003, BBC Four broadcast Free Will and Testament, a programme featuring performance footage of Wyatt with musicians Ian Maidman, Liam Genockey, Annie Whitehead and Janette Mason, and interviews with John Peel, Brian Eno, Annie Whitehead, Alfie and Wyatt himself. Later in 2003, the Mercury Music Prize nominated album Cuckooland was released.

In 2004 Wyatt collaborated with Björk on the song "Submarine" which was released on her fifth album Medúlla. He sang and played cornet and percussion with David Gilmour on Gilmour's album On an Island, and read passages from the novels of Haruki Murakami for Max Richter's album Songs from Before. In 2006 Wyatt collaborated with Steve Nieve and Muriel Teodori on the opera Welcome to the Voice interpreting the character 'the Friend', both singing and playing pocket trumpet.

Wyatt released Comicopera in October 2007 on Domino Records, who went on to re-release Drury Lane, Rock Bottom, Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard, Nothing Can Stop Us, Old Rottenhat, Dondestan, Shleep, EPs and Cuckooland on CD and vinyl the following year. In 2009 he appeared on the album Around Robert Wyatt by the French Orchestre National de Jazz.

In 2008, Wyatt collaborated with Hot Chip on the EP Hot Chip with Robert Wyatt and Geese.

Wyatt was one of the guest editors of BBC Radio 4's Today programme, working on the 1 January 2010 programme. Among other things he advocated greater prominence for amateur choirs, and admitted to a preference for them over professional choirs "because there's a greater sense of commitment and meaning in their singing."

October 2014 saw the release of Different Every Time: The Authorised Biography of Robert Wyatt by Marcus O'Dair. In promotion of the book Wyatt appeared at the Wire "Off the Page" festival in Bristol on 26 September, and at the Queen Elizabeth Hall on 23 November. A companion compilation album, Different Every Time – Ex Machina / Benign Dictatorships was released on 18 November 2014.

Wyatt performed the soundtrack to Jimmy McGovern's 2014 BBC production, Common.

In an interview with Uncut magazine in December 2014, Wyatt announced that he had "stopped" making music. He cited age and greater interest in politics as his reasons.

In January 2015 Wyatt's biography Different Every Time was featured as BBC Radio 4's Book of the Week, abridged by Katrin Williams and read by Julian Rhind-Tutt.

On 16 December 2016 Wyatt appeared at the Brighton Dome, with Paul Weller and Danny Thompson, in support of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, as the opening instalment of "People Powered: Concerts for Corbyn". It was Wyatt's most recent public appearance.

Influence on other artists
The Tears for Fears song "I Believe" from their 1985 album Songs from the Big Chair was originally written by bandmember Roland Orzabal for Wyatt, and is dedicated to him. As a further tribute to Wyatt, on the B-side of the single, Orzabal performs a cover version of "Sea Song", from the Rock Bottom album. This recording later appeared on the compilation album Saturnine Martial & Lunatic and the remastered versions of Songs from the Big Chair.

"Sea Song" was also covered by Rachel Unthank and the Winterset on their 2007 album The Bairns, and The Guardian's David Peschek said of the cover: "That's the best version of that I've ever heard". In November 2011, The Unthanks released a live album, The Songs of Robert Wyatt and Antony & the Johnsons, and Wyatt is quoted on the cover of the album as saying "I love the idea. It makes me happy just thinking about it."

Dev Hynes credited Wyatt's album, Old Rottenhat as an influence on the song, "Take Your Time" from Hynes' 2018 album (as Blood Orange), Negro Swan.

"Wyatting"
The verb "Wyatting" appeared in some blogs and music magazines to describe the practice of playing unusual tracks, in particular songs from Wyatt's album Dondestan, on a pub jukebox to annoy the other pub goers. Wyatt was quoted in 2006 in The Guardian as saying "I think it's really funny" and "I'm very honoured at the idea of becoming a verb." When asked if he would ever try it himself, he said: "I don't really like disconcerting people, but even when I try to be normal I disconcert anyway." However, Alfreda Benge said it made her angry "that Robert should be used as a means of clever dicks asserting their superiority in pubs ... It's so unlike Robert, because he's so appreciative of the strengths of pop music. So that, I think, is a real unfairness. The man who coined it, I should like to punch him in the nose."

Personal life
Wyatt is married to English painter and songwriter Alfreda Benge.

Studio albums

 * The End of an Ear (1970)
 * Rock Bottom (1974)
 * Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard (1975)
 * Old Rottenhat (1985)
 * Dondestan (1991)
 * Shleep (1997)
 * Cuckooland (2003)
 * Comicopera (2007)

Filmography

 * 1998: Robert Wyatt: Little Red Robin Hood (DVD) – documentary on Wyatt by Francesco Di Loreto and Carlo Bevilacqua
 * 2015: Romantic Warriors III: Canterbury Tales (DVD)

title: Robert Wyatt