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Chen Yuanyuan

Chen Yuanyuan (1623–1689 or 1695) was a Chinese Gējì who later became the concubine of military leader Wu Sangui. In Chinese folklore, the Shun army's capture of her in 1644 prompted Wu's fateful decision to let the Qing armies enter China proper through Shanhai Pass, thereby sealing the fate of the Ming dynasty. Chen Yuanyuan also wrote poetry, but only three works were left behind.

Biography
Chen Yuanyuan was born in Jiangnan to a poor family with the original surname Xing (邢). After her parents died when she was young, she was adopted by her aunt and took her uncle's surname, Chen. At ten, her uncle sold her to become a Gējì. She became renowned as one of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, along with Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Dong Xiaowan, Gu Mei, Kou Baimen, and Liu Rushi.

Chen studied Kunqu and excelled in Yiyang opera, often wearing her hair in a wo duo ji (high bun, 倭堕髻). She was especially praised for her role as Hongniang in The Romance of the West Chamber by poet Zou Shu (邹枢). Government official Gong Ruofu (贡若甫) bought her freedom and intended to take her as a concubine, but she was released due to disagreements with other women in his household. In 1641, Chen had a brief relationship with the poet and calligrapher Mao Xiang (冒襄), who also intended to take her as a concubine, but before that she was “acquired” – kidnapped or bought – by the powerful courtier Tian Hongyu (田弘遇), father-in-law of the Chongzhen Emperor.

Accounts of Chen's arrival in Beijing vary, citing 1641, 1642, or 1643. Mao claimed he proposed to Chen in 1641, with plans for marriage the following year. However, by spring 1642 when he went to visit her again, she had been taken away, leading to the belief that she arrived in Beijing in 1642. At that time, Tian, concerned that his daughter Tian Xiuying (田秀英) might fall out of favor, sought beautiful women in Jiangnan to win over the emperor in the interests of the Tian family. However, amid the Ming dynasty's struggles against Li Zicheng and the Manchu, the Chongzhen Emperor had little time for Chen. Three months after entering the Forbidden City, she was sent back to Tian. She then performed in his family opera troupe until she was either bought for Ming general Wu Sangui by his father or given to Wu as a gift by Tian.

In April 1644, when Beijing fell to Li Zicheng's peasant army, Wu's household in the city were captured by Li and his subordinate Liu Zongmin (刘宗敏). By various accounts, Chen was either taken as a hostage, made a concubine, or raped by them. Wu eventually allied with the Qing regent, Dorgon, allowing the Qing armies to enter China proper through Shanhai Pass. The combined forces of Wu and the Qing ousted Li's peasant army from Beijing, where the Qing dynasty then established its rule over China.

After Chen reunited with her husband, she followed him on various campaigns, ending up in Yunnan, which was awarded to Wu by the Qing rulers as part of his fiefdom. One account claims that Chen became a nun in Kunming after she fell out of Wu's favor due to her age and disagreements with his harem. In the 1980s, Chen's final whereabouts was uncovered by the historian Huang Tousong (黄透松), who was exiled to Guizhou in the 1970s during the Cultural Revolution. According to his research, by the end of Wu's failed rebellion against the Qing, Chen and her stepson Wu Qihua (吴启华) aka Wu Yingqi (吴应麒) were escorted by General Ma Bao (马宝) to what is now Majia Zhai village in Guizhou, where they lived until their deaths among the ethnic minorities hostile to Qing rule. The knowledge of Chen's whereabouts was passed down only by oral history in the village until Huang published the discovery. The inscription on Chen's tombstones in the village was intentionally cryptic to deter detection throughout the years but has been confirmed by government historians in 2005.

In fiction

In Chinese folklore, Chen Yuanyuan plays a dramatic and romanticized role in the rise and fall of dynasties. According to stories that emerged during the Kangxi era, Wu Sangui's motivation for joining forces with the Qing to attack Li Zicheng was to save Chen from Li's capture. This earned Chen the notoriety of a femme fatale and Wu the label of a traitor. Although such stories proved popular, some historians regard them as products of fiction.

The story of Chen and Wu was immortalized in Wu Weiye's qu, the Song of Yuanyuan:

"In that time when the emperor abandoned the human world, Wu crushed the enemy and captured the capital, bearing down from Jade Pass. The six armies, wailing and grieving, were uniformly clad in the white of mourning, One wave of headgear-lifting anger propelled him, all for the sake of the fair-faced one. The fair-faced one, drifting, and fallen, was not what I longed for. The offending bandits, smote by heaven, wallowed in wanton pleasures. Lightning swept the Yellow Turbans, the Black Mountain troops were quelled. Having wailed for ruler and kin, I met her again."

title: Chen Yuanyuan


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Talk:Combat 18

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 15 January 2019 and 21 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): JohnnyBravo456.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:06, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Proposed merger with Racial Volunteer Force
I think that parts of the article Racial Volunteer Force should be merged into this article (In a section entitled 'Splinter groups' or somesuch), for the following reasons:

1) The RVF article is very short, barely above stub level, in fact. 2) The subjects featured in the articles are very similar (The RVF article defines by a pipe to C18 and an explanation that it is a splinter group!) 3) RVF article is very poorly written, unlikely to be expanded much and seems very overlooked by all, so quality of RVF information could benefit from being on the larger C18 page. 4) RVF requires knowledge of C18 to understand exactly what they want.

What do you think? 94.14.32.221 (talk) 21:20, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) True, but there are thousands (millions, possibly) of stub articles on Wikipedia. 2) The similarity of the articles point is also true although not a valid reason for merger. There are plenty of articles about similar topics that are kept separate. Being a splinter group of something does not automatically mean an article should be merged into the parent organisation's article either. See Loyalist Volunteer Force for an example of how a splinter group article can be brought up to a very high standard (a standard which I concede the RVF article is nowhere near) 3) "Very poorly written" is not only hyperbole (parts of it are ropey but there's a lot worse on here) but also easily fixed. "Unlikely to be expanded much" - how can you tell that? There's no way of knowing whether or not something will be expanded. And I can't really see how importing all that to another page will make any improvement in content. 4) Irrelevant. Barack Obama requires knowledge of President of the United States but you wouldn't seek to merge them. OK, that's an extreme example and clearly neither article approaches the quality of those but I'm just sing that as an extreme example to demonstrate why one article requiring knowledge of another is not in itself a valid reason for merger.
 * For my part I am not 100% opposed to merger in this case but none of the arguments advanced here are very convincing. Keresaspa (talk) 01:42, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Further to point three I have now made some expansions and cleaned up some of the grammar and spelling issues you mentioned. Now if you hadn't raised the issue I probably would not have bothered doing that so the system works! Keresaspa (talk) 02:04, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I perhaps ought to have combined points 1 and 3 into a more cohesive point in hindsight - It is a short article (although the sectioning seems to have done wonders, so that is perhaps just a false impression on my part.) and by 'unlikely to be expanded' I mean within a reasonable amount of time - apart from your edit the last edit was in March 2011! I will argue that the similarity, in this case, is a cause for merging - there is a significant overlap the way I see it. The RVF group literally defines itself by Combat 18 on the page! Of course, this adds to my fourth point, which is the context of the article. Barack Obama does not really need prior knowledge of the presidency, but RVF most certainly does need background material and context from Combat 18 in order to fully understand exactly what they are. My arguments come from the 'several good reasons' list on the  Rationale section of WP:MERGE, so I am not sure that I am totally wrong here. 94.14.58.87 (talk) 23:42, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, I think we can drop the context one, it seems alright now.94.14.58.87 (talk) 23:44, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't think your totally wrong here either and I think you make some valid points, particularly the point about their website linking them directly to Combat 18. But as long as the two articles link to each other the fact that you need to understand one to grasp the other doesn't matter IMHO as you can click on the link. Admittedly having them on one page might be convenient but it might also give the false impression that they are identical. They are both fairly esoteric topics but similar closeness of articles exists elsewhere e.g People's National Party (Russia) and Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky would probably have to be read together, ditto Loyalist Volunteer Force, UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade and Billy Wright (loyalist). In both of these cases reading one without the other(s) might diminish your understanding but it doesn't preclude their separate existence. You also made a valid point about a lack of activity on the page but in part I put that down to it being a niche area of expertise. Outside of the British National Party and its current leaders, the English Defence League and possibly the National Front (UK) editing on most British far right articles is sporadic at best and tends to be done by me and two or three others, as well as the odd vandal. However this exchange of ideas has led me to return to the article and I'll keep looking to expand it. On that basis, merger or not, this has been a worthwhile exercise. And one other point, your abilities to argue your point of view whilst listening to opposing views and to keep a cool head throughout are commendable virtues in a Wikipedia editor and personally I would be happy if you chose to register as a user and become a regular contributors. People with valuable contributions to make are always needed round here and I reckon you are one. Keresaspa (talk) 02:23, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Hear, hear Emeraude (talk) 10:55, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Please don't merge
As I see it, Combat 18 and Racial Volunteer Force are separate, though closely related articles. Therefore, there is no reason for merging. Quoting from Merging information page, Rationale section:

I would like to close the merging discussion, but User 94.14.58.87 has not contributed since November 16, 2011, so I don't know if he/she will ever have a chance to comment on this...

Sapere aude22 (talk) 16:10, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

RfC
An RfC: Which descriptor, if any, can be added in front of Southern Poverty Law Center when referenced in other articles? has been posted at the Southern Poverty Law Center talk page. Your participation is welcomed. – MrX 16:37, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

C18 membership and police/prison service
Combat 18 members are barred from joining the British Prison Service and police. Is the converse true? That is, are serving members of the Prison Service and Police banned from joining C18? Do these bans apply to all British police forces? Centrepull (talk) 22:31, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The ban is on all prison and police officers being a member of C18, and certain other groups. So, C18 members will be barred from joining the police, and serving police officers cannot join C18, or they will be dismissed. It applies to all UK police forces. Emeraude (talk) 16:38, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

 * If I can clarify the situation, prison and police officers are prohibited by their own organisations from joining C18. C18 itself does not prohibit its own members from joining either force.

 * Nuttyskin (talk) 02:12, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

BNP? Plastering tools?
It says a little ways into the article that he "split decisively with the BNP...". I've looked all though the article and I don't find anything that might give me a hint as to what "BNP" means. Is that just something that everyone is supposed to know automatically? Is it "British Native Party"? "British National Party"? "Bashing Negros Party"? "British National Petroleum"? I have no idea. I find by googling that there is indeed such a thing as the "British National Party", and so I'm going to guess that that's what it means, but somehow it doesn't seem like I ought to have to rely on Google to understand the contents of a Wikipedia page..45Colt 21:07, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

Okay, I see it does actually mention the British National Party about halfway down the page. But it seems like perhaps the first use of the term ought to be spelled out, and the second one written in short, not vice versa.

Also, what is with "return his plastering tools"? "The rival faction, led by Wilf "The Beast" Browning, wanted Sargent to return the C18 membership list, in exchange for the return of his plastering tools and £1,000." I thought at first it said he wanted him to return TO the membership list, and that made me even more baffled. Now I see that it says "return the membership list". Is this saying that Browning was holding Sargents plastering tools hostage and was offering him 1,000 pounds cash in exchange for the list back, because he was worried it'd pall into police hands? If so, it seems like it could be written better; took me a minute to figure out what it was saying. You have to infer a lot from a single sentence, and it would be better if it first stated that one held the membership list, and the the other held his plastering tools, etc, and then stated that they worked out a deal for exchange, instead of just jumping right past all that..45Colt 21:24, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

Copyright claim
Deletion of Illustration on all combat 18 articles in different languages, advice to the claim of any ideological attack, this will be directed on all social media if needed, the issue will be disputed in court, or any measure needed to revert this misunderstanding on the same perpetual legal grounds that this construct of ideological attacks are based, per country, Norway, Netherlands, United States, France.

(fyi the logo of the Rote Armee Fraction was not deleted, indication of selective vandalism.

To the editor (?) that asked for uploading the original images, I will do so before 28th of march 2017.

Aan JCB, dhr J. Bos

De illustratie die bij dit artikel hoort, Combat 18, is copyright, zonder toestemming van ontwerper (EJ Vening) is de illustratie verwijderd- verwijt ideologische vandalisme - juridische grondslag mist, extern beoordeeld. EJVening eist correctie met terugwerkende kracht. Wilt dhr J. Bos contact met mijn advocaat in Nederland, of de oprichter van Wikipedia een schrijven van mijn advocaat in Frankrijk, ik verwijt selectieve ideologische vandalisme, evident opgezet om fracties te verstoren. Alle illustraties Combat 18 RVF zijn eigendom van onafhankelijke participant.

March 26-2017

Please avoid any misunderstanding about this issue, obvious deletion is a selective ideological attack and copyright nfringement. The claim about copyright violation is false, which I can prove. I claim copyright of all (4) illustrations related to the article. JCB is in violation with national law in the Netherlands, however, I do not only dispute the deletion in the Netherlands, I delegate the issue on all social media, if JCB decides to negate this vandalism which is a construct of hosting iomags that are ruled out on ideological grounds, moreover, selective ideological ,

This is unjustified, indirect vandalism, which I take personally for the claim of copyright infringement, I do not advocate any ideology per se.

If my claim is proved true, that the construct of this ideological attack is true, external picture databases that not only claim copyright on copyrighted illustrations but also "validate" images, without any proof, missing any juridical correspondence where or when these images were disputed in court.

JCB for Mr. Johan Bos, please elaborate on which grounds your (wikipedia external hosts) hold these images, if you want.

Signed,

EJVening.

The Combat 18 fraction logo.

"Here be dragons", a White dragon. This is for RVF readers that understand the obvious mistake about this illustration, is known. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rijndaal (talk • contribs) 12:44, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
 * You can claim copyright all you want, that's all the more reason why we can't use it. If you are the copyright holder, then you have a conflict of interest with this article's subject and should not be editing it.  Wikipedia does not tolerate legal threats.  Ian.thomson (talk) 12:53, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

Illustrations done by me are released under Creative Commons, however I do claim an ideological attack, Sir, I am Dutch with this -do not be mistaken- understand what is taken for ideological attack as vandalism with this external "imagehost" construct, is not about raising the issue in any court, which is beyond Wikipedia, but on the same a priori premises of selective vandalism, up to me to raise the issue to any measure needed, in any country. It's "more reason" than you will understand what and who involved with this will be accused of ideological attack and advocating this, in the Netherlands.

"Here be dragons". A White dragon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rijndaal (talk • contribs) 13:10, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Could you try to be clearer? In attempting to sound formal and haughty, you've come across as very unclear.  Ian.thomson (talk) 13:16, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

why does "Charlie Sargent" redirect here
Is there a reason why "Charlie Sargent" redirects to Combat 18? Was there a (presumably poorly written) WP about him previously? and then what- why was it redirected ?

Does anyone know?--Wuerzele (talk) 21:07, 7 July 2019 (UTC)

Assault on Owen Jones and subsequent sentencing of Combat 18-related attackera
Perhaps the exposure of these villains will illustrate the continuing danger. James Healy, 40, from Portsmouth, had extensive Combat 18 "memorabilia" and other evidence of involvement. Liam Tracey, 35, from Camden, London, and Charlie Ambrose, 31, from Brighton, were also sentenced for their part in the assault. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/24/chelsea-fan-jailed-for-attack-on-guardian-journalist-owen-jones?fbclid=IwAR27z_3wcDl3a2Fjm1suS2VbRkNb3cIwpYVGBtWtuJOpKq_3OeIAuLqr0dQ 2.31.162.38 (talk) 07:17, 25 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Actually, according to the report, he had one badge and a card with a C18 slogan, among other slogans. Neither confirm him as a C18 member, and the article does not say he is either. You might as well damn all Chelsea supporters on the same basis. Emeraude (talk) 07:30, 25 July 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Combat 18


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Buddy memory allocation

The buddy memory allocation technique is a memory allocation algorithm that divides memory into partitions to try to satisfy a memory request as suitably as possible. This system makes use of splitting memory into halves to try to give a best fit. According to Donald Knuth, the buddy system was invented in 1963 by Harry Markowitz, and was first described by Kenneth C. Knowlton (published 1965). The Buddy memory allocation is relatively easy to implement. It supports limited but efficient splitting and coalescing of memory blocks.

Algorithm
There are various forms of the buddy system; those in which each block is subdivided into two smaller blocks are the simplest and most common variety. Every memory block in this system has an order, where the order is an integer ranging from 0 to a specified upper limit. The size of a block of order n is proportional to 2n, so that the blocks are exactly twice the size of blocks that are one order lower. Power-of-two block sizes make address computation simple, because all buddies are aligned on memory address boundaries that are powers of two. When a larger block is split, it is divided into two smaller blocks, and each smaller block becomes a unique buddy to the other. A split block can only be merged with its unique buddy block, which then reforms the larger block they were split from.

Starting off, the size of the smallest possible block is determined, i.e. the smallest memory block that can be allocated. If no lower limit existed at all (e.g., bit-sized allocations were possible), there would be a lot of memory and computational overhead for the system to keep track of which parts of the memory are allocated and unallocated. However, a rather low limit may be desirable, so that the average memory waste per allocation (concerning allocations that are, in size, not multiples of the smallest block) is minimized. Typically the lower limit would be small enough to minimize the average wasted space per allocation, but large enough to avoid excessive overhead. The smallest block size is then taken as the size of an order-0 block, so that all higher orders are expressed as power-of-two multiples of this size.

The programmer then has to decide on, or to write code to obtain, the highest possible order that can fit in the remaining available memory space. Since the total available memory in a given computer system may not be a power-of-two multiple of the minimum block size, the largest block size may not span the entire memory of the system. For instance, if the system had 2000 K of physical memory and the order-0 block size was 4 K, the upper limit on the order would be 8, since an order-8 block (256 order-0 blocks, 1024 K) is the biggest block that will fit in memory. Consequently, it is impossible to allocate the entire physical memory in a single chunk; the remaining 976 K of memory would have to be allocated in smaller blocks.

Example
The following is an example of what happens when a program makes requests for memory. Assume that in this system, the smallest possible block is 64 kilobytes in size, and the upper limit for the order is 4, which results in a largest possible allocatable block, 24 times 64 K = 1024 K in size. The following shows a possible state of the system after various memory requests.

This allocation could have occurred in the following manner
 * 1) The initial situation.
 * 2) Program A requests memory 34 K, order 0.
 * 3) No order 0 blocks are available, so an order 4 block is split, creating two order 3 blocks.
 * 4) Still no order 0 blocks available, so the first order 3 block is split, creating two order 2 blocks.
 * 5) Still no order 0 blocks available, so the first order 2 block is split, creating two order 1 blocks.
 * 6) Still no order 0 blocks available, so the first order 1 block is split, creating two order 0 blocks.
 * 7) Now an order 0 block is available, so it is allocated to A.
 * 8) Program B requests memory 66 K, order 1. An order 1 block is available, so it is allocated to B.
 * 9) Program C requests memory 35 K, order 0. An order 0 block is available, so it is allocated to C.
 * 10) Program D requests memory 67 K, order 1.
 * 11) No order 1 blocks are available, so an order 2 block is split, creating two order 1 blocks.
 * 12) Now an order 1 block is available, so it is allocated to D.
 * 13) Program B releases its memory, freeing one order 1 block.
 * 14) Program D releases its memory.
 * 15) One order 1 block is freed.
 * 16) Since the buddy block of the newly freed block is also free, the two are merged into one order 2 block.
 * 17) Program A releases its memory, freeing one order 0 block.
 * 18) Program C releases its memory.
 * 19) One order 0 block is freed.
 * 20) Since the buddy block of the newly freed block is also free, the two are merged into one order 1 block.
 * 21) Since the buddy block of the newly formed order 1 block is also free, the two are merged into one order 2 block.
 * 22) Since the buddy block of the newly formed order 2 block is also free, the two are merged into one order 3 block.
 * 23) Since the buddy block of the newly formed order 3 block is also free, the two are merged into one order 4 block.

As you can see, what happens when a memory request is made is as follows:
 * If memory is to be allocated
 * 1) Look for a memory slot of a suitable size (the minimal 2k block that is larger or equal to that of the requested memory)
 * 2) If it is found, it is allocated to the program
 * 3) If not, it tries to make a suitable memory slot. The system does so by trying the following:
 * 4) Split a free memory slot larger than the requested memory size into half
 * 5) If the lower limit is reached, then allocate that amount of memory
 * 6) Go back to step 1 (look for a memory slot of a suitable size)
 * 7) Repeat this process until a suitable memory slot is found

 * If memory is to be freed
 * 1) Free the block of memory
 * 2) Look at the neighboring block – is it free too?
 * 3) If it is, combine the two, and go back to step 2 and repeat this process until either the upper limit is reached (all memory is freed), or until a non-free neighbour block is encountered

Implementation and efficiency
In comparison to other simpler techniques such as dynamic allocation, the buddy memory system has little external fragmentation, and allows for compaction of memory with little overhead. The buddy method of freeing memory is fast, with the maximal number of compactions required equal to O(highest order) = O(log2(total memory size)). Typically the buddy memory allocation system is implemented with the use of a binary tree to represent used or unused split memory blocks. The address of a block's "buddy" is equal to the bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) of the block's address and the block's size.

However, there still exists the problem of internal fragmentation – memory wasted because the memory requested is a little larger than a small block, but a lot smaller than a large block. Because of the way the buddy memory allocation technique works, a program that requests 66 K of memory would be allocated 128 K, which results in a waste of 62 K of memory. This problem can be solved by slab allocation, which may be layered on top of the more coarse buddy allocator to provide more fine-grained allocation.

One version of the buddy allocation algorithm was described in detail by Donald Knuth in volume 1 of The Art of Computer Programming. The Linux kernel also uses the buddy system, with further modifications to minimise external fragmentation, along with various other allocators to manage the memory within blocks.

is a modern memory allocator that employs, among others, the buddy technique.

title: Buddy memory allocation


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Pet Shop of Horrors

Pet Shop of Horrors is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Matsuri Akino. It was serialized in Ohzora Publishing's Apple Mystery, and later in Bunkasha's Mystery M from 1994 to 1998, with its chapters collected in ten volumes. The series focuses on the eccentric Count D, proprietor of a mysterious pet shop located in the heart of Chinatown, and the numerous patrons who visit his supernatural shop. The series was licensed in North America by Tokyopop.

A four-episode anime television series produced by Madhouse was broadcast in 1999. A second manga series, titled Pet Shop of Horrors: Tokyo (known as New Petshop of Horrors in Japan) was serialized by Asahi Sonorama (and later Asahi Shimbun Publications) in Mungekan from 2004 to 2009, and later published as a webcomic on Yahoo! Comics's Horror & Fantasy Club site from 2009 to 2012. Its chapters were collected in twelve volumes. The manga was also licensed in North America by Tokyopop, who only released eight volume from 2008 to 2011.

A spin-off series, titled Pet Shop of Horrors: Passage-hen, which follows Count D's grandfather in Fin de siècle Paris, was irregularly published in HarperCollins Japan's Mugentō (2013) and Harlequin Original (2015–2017); five volumes were released. Another spin-off, titled Petshop of Horrors: Hyōhaku no Hakobune-hen, featuring Count D's father as the protagonist, was serialized in Harlequin Original from 2018 to 2020, with its chapters collected in three volumes.

Plot
"Count D" is the mysterious caretaker of a pet shop in Los Angeles Chinatown. Each of D's rare pets, which all have strangely humanoid appearances, comes with a contract with three major points. These points differ for each animal sold (although each animal's contract includes not showing it to anyone), and breaking this contract usually results in dire (and sometimes disturbing) consequences for the buyer, for which the pet shop claims no liability.

Individual chapters of Pet Shop of Horrors are often based on these consequences, and are each written as a stand-alone story, usually introducing one or more new characters in each chapter. With the exception of the main characters and their families, it is rare for a character to carry over to a later chapter, providing the series with a very episodic nature.

The detective Leon Orcot is used to tie the chapters together into an ongoing plot, usually in the form of a subplot within each chapter. Initially he suspects D of malicious criminal activity and using the pet shop as a front for drug trafficking. As the series progresses, he learns more about the pet shop and D himself, entering into a strange friendship of sorts with D as he works to uncover the truth.

Main characters

 * Count D
 * Though he denies the name is "Count D"—claiming that this title belongs only to his grandfather, the shop's true owner—most humans refer to him by this name, often shortened to "The Count", "Count", or simply "D". He runs a pet shop in Chinatown while the shop's alleged true owner is traveling abroad. His motto suggests he does not actually sell pets but rather "love, dreams, and hope" with a three-term contract. He appears more fond of animals than humans and displays a love of the natural world. He usually appears calm and soft-spoken (except when he is fighting with Leon), though towards the end of the manga series, his attitude changes. Because he enjoys drinking tea and has a special fondness for confectionery, Leon often bribes him with sweets and pastries in return for information. Although he often expresses disdain for humans and claims to hate human children, he eventually becomes very attached to Chris, and he also seems to hold his brother Leon in affection.
 * Leon suspects that D may be a vampire, but D's father later refutes this (D is actually a vegetarian). It is later revealed that he is not human (although what he and his family is not made clear (although it is not exactly made clear what he and his family really are). According to D's father, they are the last of an ancient Chinese civilization that was very close to animals. Because of their wisdom, the people were kept at the imperial palace as wise men and priests. When the prince asked one of the priestesses for her hand in marriage and she refused him, however, he grew angry and ordered a massive genocide of the people. Only one man from the civilization survived, vowing to take revenge on the humans for what they did to his family. D shares a striking resemblance to his father, and to his grandfather, the real Count D. This is because they are imperfect clones of one another, created to carry on Count D's legacy of revenge. They are almost identical except for the colour of their eyes; D has one purple eye, like his father, and one golden eye, inherited from his grandfather.
 * Leon suspects that D may be a vampire, but D's father later refutes this (D is actually a vegetarian). It is later revealed that he is not human (although what he and his family is not made clear (although it is not exactly made clear what he and his family really are). According to D's father, they are the last of an ancient Chinese civilization that was very close to animals. Because of their wisdom, the people were kept at the imperial palace as wise men and priests. When the prince asked one of the priestesses for her hand in marriage and she refused him, however, he grew angry and ordered a massive genocide of the people. Only one man from the civilization survived, vowing to take revenge on the humans for what they did to his family. D shares a striking resemblance to his father, and to his grandfather, the real Count D. This is because they are imperfect clones of one another, created to carry on Count D's legacy of revenge. They are almost identical except for the colour of their eyes; D has one purple eye, like his father, and one golden eye, inherited from his grandfather.

 * Leon Orcot (レオン・オルコット)
 * Leon Orcot is a hot-headed young detective who attempts to connect the pet shop with mysterious deaths in the region. He is convinced D is a criminal and proceeds to investigate him with an iron will, determined to be the one to arrest D. Over time, he forms a close and complicated relationship with D. He has a disdain for the supernatural and therefore refuses to believe D's explanations for the events of the story, though this attitude is challenged as the series progresses. He is extremely lecherous as displayed though the series, and spends a lot of time chasing girls. Over the course of the series, Leon is given two pets by D (a flowering plant and a butterfly), both of which help him through hard times in his life (as opposed to other pets sold, which are meant to teach their owners a lesson).
 * Leon Orcot is a hot-headed young detective who attempts to connect the pet shop with mysterious deaths in the region. He is convinced D is a criminal and proceeds to investigate him with an iron will, determined to be the one to arrest D. Over time, he forms a close and complicated relationship with D. He has a disdain for the supernatural and therefore refuses to believe D's explanations for the events of the story, though this attitude is challenged as the series progresses. He is extremely lecherous as displayed though the series, and spends a lot of time chasing girls. Over the course of the series, Leon is given two pets by D (a flowering plant and a butterfly), both of which help him through hard times in his life (as opposed to other pets sold, which are meant to teach their owners a lesson).

Other humans

 * Chris Orcot (クリス・オルコット)
 * Chris is Leon's much younger brother, whose mother died during childbirth. As a result, Chris was raised by his aunt and uncle, who he grew up calling "Mom" and "Dad". When Chris' younger cousin, Sam, told him that he was responsible for his mother's death, he was so shocked that he lost his ability to speak. Chris was sent to Los Angeles with Leon and spends most of his time in D's pet shop. Although he cannot talk, Chris has the ability to telepathically speak to all of D's animals as well as D and Leon. As it turns out, Q-chan is the only "pet" Chris perceives as an animal. Since he initially only ever sees the animals in their human form, he believes that D actually sells human children, although he feels all right with that as long as the children do not mind it.
 * Later, Chris reconciles with his cousin, regains his ability to speak, and moves back to his aunt's house. This comes at the price of his loss of ability to see the animals in their humanoid forms, referred to in the manga as something of a "Departure from Eden". Twenty years later, he is shown as an FBI officer, tracking down the next generation of the Count's family. Rather than trying to arrest "New D" for the mysterious deaths caused by a pet, Chris only wishes to talk about his brother who disappeared 20 years ago. He does not seem to regard "New D" or the pet shop in an adversarial light, the way his brother Leon regarded D or Agent Howell regarded Papa D.

 * Jill (ジル)
 * Jill is Leon's fellow police officer. She is far more sensible than he is as well as far more knowledgeable (for example, she learned Chinese and rattled off the life cycle of the butterfly to D). Jill seems to like D a lot and is usually exasperated by Leon's constant claims that D is a criminal.
 * Jill is Leon's fellow police officer. She is far more sensible than he is as well as far more knowledgeable (for example, she learned Chinese and rattled off the life cycle of the butterfly to D). Jill seems to like D a lot and is usually exasperated by Leon's constant claims that D is a criminal.

 * Samantha (サマンサ)
 * Commonly known as "Sam", she was four years old when Chris came to live in her household and disliked him immensely, especially when he ruined her bunny doll. She later regrets her outburst, realizing she misses him, and, with the help of Ten-chan, the two reconcile and she begins to refer to him as her "brother".

Animals

 * T-chan (テっちゃん)
 * He is a, a mystical carnivorous animal that is a distant relative of the goat. He is a somewhat rough friend of Chris, and they are almost always together. T-chan (テっちゃん) was originally the chef of a popular Chinese restaurant, which D frequented. The two fell into a sort of 'love', D wanting to possess the rare and exotic animal, T-chan wishing to eat the vegetarian D. In the end, Leon and his police cohorts arrest T-chan as he is about to feast on D (a sacrifice D was willing to make). Later, he ripped out his heart and tried to eat it, thereby "becoming" T-Chan.
 * To most people, T-chan appears to be a small, primarily goat-like animal though he has the striped paws of a tiger, not hooves. To D and Chris, he takes the appearance of a grumpy young man with long messy hair and large goat horns that protrude out of his head. His fashion sense appears to be Indian or Arabic inspired. He is very quick-tempered, outspoken, and sometimes very childish. He often causes a stir whenever Detective Orcot enters the Pet Shop, often attempting to bite him the moment he enters the room.

 * Ponta (ポンタ) / Pon-chan
 * Pon-chan is a raccoon who lives at D's pet shop. She is a special friend of Chris and unlike T-chan, is very kind and friendly. To most people, Pon-chan looks like a normal raccoon. To D and Chris, she takes the form of a little girl with curly blond hair and a Victorian-inspired dress. She has quite a distinct crush on Chris, and can often be jealous when he is interacting with a girl other than herself.

 * Ten-chan (天ちゃん)
 * Ten-chan is a shape-shifting nine-tailed fox with a relaxed personality and a crude manner of speech. He has such a potent ability to shape-shift that he can look like several different things at the same time, depending on who's looking at him. He also has the ability to mimic the personality of whatever he is shifted into and seems to have somewhat occult powers as well. To most people, when he is not transformed, Ten-chan looks like a little white fox with multiple tails. To D and Chris, he takes the appearance of an androgynous, laid-back young man with long, braided hair and a flamboyant fashion sense.

 * Honlon (紅竜)
 * A dragon born with three heads. In human form she appears as a little girl in traditional Asian clothing with three distinct personalities. The triplets are: Shuko (朱香), the responsible one; Kanan (華南), the violent one; and Junrei (潤麗), the childish one. Each one of them had taken on the personality of the last person to hold them while still in the egg. Shuko was born 60 years ago and since then had been raised by D. Her two other sisters had hatched more recently: Kanan after being held by Leon, and Junrei after being held by a young boy (the grandchild of a Mr. Smith, to whom her egg was accidentally given). Kanan has the tendency to bully Junrei by pulling their hair. After meeting Chris, he made a contract with them, and like Pon-chan, they can get slightly jealous when he notices someone else.

D's family

 * D's father (Dの父)
 * Just as no one ever knows what D's true name is, D's father's name is never revealed. He is somewhat manipulative and holds a grudge against humanity for destroying the environment and many species of animals. His own son does not trust him very much, even believing him capable of kidnapping Chris at one point. D's father looks almost exactly like his son (even with identical fingerprints), except that his hair is much longer and both of his eyes are purple. Like D, he is not human, but his species is not revealed.
 * It is known that he attended university in 1975, passing as an exchange student from Hong Kong and being occupied with research at a genetic engineering laboratory. During this time, he met a human by the name of Vesca Howell, who later abandoned his career as a medical doctor to become an FBI agent. His sole intent was to arrest D's father, as he, like Leon Orcot with the youngest D, believed him to be a criminal. However, Leon shot D's father, and D's father killed Agent Howell. In the end, D's father is reborn as a human and carried off by D's grandfather to be raised as his son.

 * Q-chan (Qちゃん) / D's grandfather
 * Q-chan is a little bat-like creature and is D's constant companion. He is the only creature in the shop that looks like an animal to everyone (almost all of the other animals look like strange humans to Chris and D). Q-chan's true identity is revealed towards the end of the first series as D's grandfather, and the proper holder of the title "Count" and name "D". In the second series, he tells Eva Braun that the title of Count was received in his own grandfather's time, and is now simply the name of his store. Upon the end of the series, "Q-chan" reverts to his humanoid form (identical to D apart from his two golden eyes) and takes the reborn D's father to raise.
 * Q-chan is a little bat-like creature and is D's constant companion. He is the only creature in the shop that looks like an animal to everyone (almost all of the other animals look like strange humans to Chris and D). Q-chan's true identity is revealed towards the end of the first series as D's grandfather, and the proper holder of the title "Count" and name "D". In the second series, he tells Eva Braun that the title of Count was received in his own grandfather's time, and is now simply the name of his store. Upon the end of the series, "Q-chan" reverts to his humanoid form (identical to D apart from his two golden eyes) and takes the reborn D's father to raise.

 * New D (もう一人のD)
 * An unnamed Chinese man who runs the pet shop appears at the very end of the series. He winds up meeting Chris Orcot (now an adult and an FBI agent) 20 years after Papa D's death. In keeping with his family's love of sweets, he invites Chris in to talk when offered some cherry tarts.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Matsuri Akino, Pet Shop of Horrors was serialized in Ohzora Publishing's Apple Mystery (November 1994–July 1998 issues), and later in Bunkasha's Mystery M (in 1998). Ohzora Publishing released ten volumes, under the Missy Comics DX imprint, from March 1995 to September 1998. Bunkasha later released the series in four volumes from February 24 to March 29, 1999.

In North America, the manga was licensed for English release by Tokyopop. The ten volumes were released from June 17, 2003, to January 11, 2005. It was distributed in New Zealand and Australia by Madman Entertainment.

The series was also licensed in Germany by Tokyopop Germany, in Poland by Taiga, and in Russia by Comics Factory.

Other series
A second series, titled Pet Shop of Horrors: Tokyo, known in Japan as New Pet Shop of Horrors (新 Petshop of Horrors), started in Asahi Sonorama's Mungekan on April 22, 2004. In June 2007, the company announced that it would cease operations, and the magazine went on to be published by Asahi Shimbun Publications, until it last issue released on April 23, 2009, and the series continued as a webcomic on Yahoo! Comics's Horror & Fantasy Club site on August 20 of that same year. The series finished on November 15, 2012. Asahi Sonorama released four volumes from January 2005 to April 2007; Asahi Shimbun Publications republished the four volumes on November 26, 2007,  and released the twelfth and last volume on February 2, 2013. In North America, Tokyopop published eight volumes from February 28, 2008, to February 1, 2011.

A spin-off series, titled Petshop of Horrors: Passage-hen (Petshop of Horrors パサージュ編), started in HarperCollins Japan's Mugentō on March 23, 2013. It is set in late 19th century France, and the protagonist is the grandfather of Count D, who runs a pet shop in a shopping arcade called a Passage in French. The series moved to Harlequin Original in February 2015; its latest chapter released on May 11, 2017. Five volumes were published by HarperCollins Japan from August 24, 2013, to June 24, 2017.

Another spin-off series, titled Petshop of Horrors: Hyōhaku no Hakobune-hen (Petshop of Horrors 漂泊の箱舟編), was published in Harlequin Original from September 11, 2018, to March 11, 2020. It features Count D's father as the protagonist. Three volumes were released from December 27, 2018, to May 18, 2020.

Anime
Madhouse produced a 4-episode anime adaptation of various chapters of the manga in March 1999. The anime first aired as a miniseries on the TBS television network (as part of their now-defunct programming block "Wonderful") before being sold on VHS and LaserDisc.

Urban Vision released the Pet Shop of Horrors anime in North America, initially across two VHS tapes (each available in either subtitled or dubbed format) in February and May 2000 respectively. It was then re-released on a single DVD video (containing all four episodes and both language options) in February 2001. Sentai Filmworks had acquired the license in October 2008, with distribution by ADV Films. However, in 2009, A.D. Vision announced that it has shut down ADV Films and distribution rights were transferred to Section23 Films, who continues to distribute titles from Sentai. It would eventually be released on DVD as a "Sentai Selects" title on January 5, 2016. In the UK, It got its DVD release via MVM on August 2, 2010.

Reception
Carlo Santos of Anime News Network described the plot of Pet Shop of Horrors: Tokyo as "the series' greatest strength but also its weakness: the plot formula makes it easy to dish out just the right amount of human drama, but those familiar with the Pet Shop will see each twist coming—and may even find some of them to be too far-fetched." Santos also felt that the art was "not particularly horrifying," commenting that "it's clear that Akino struggles with any artwork beyond the usual range of attractive young men, fashionable women and the occasional bizarre creature." However, he commended the "well-planned" layout and pacing of the volume. Robin Brenner commented that "Pet Shop of Horrors has always been more about atmosphere than about truly surprising plots... Instead, the pleasure comes from Matsuri Akino's talent for truthful dialogue, attention to detail in the art, and a fine sense of how to portray both laughter and dread."

title: Pet Shop of Horrors


text:
Talk:Tony Hawk

Birth location
The article has said Carlsbad CA since 2003. The current references in the article that support birth location both say San Diego CA so I supported the edit that changed the birth location to match the references. Since Carlsbad seems to be be widespread accepted lore there should be some relatively easy to find reliable source that supports that. Until then we should go with what the two references say. Geraldo Perez (talk) 17:08, 12 May 2018 (UTC)

Femur Break
Hawk broke his femur like two days ago, and because a big thing is that he's been skateboarding so long, would this be fine to add to his page? It's pretty covered in the news and whatnot. Etudierplus (talk) 13:44, 10 March 2022 (UTC)
 * There should be a major injuries section that includes his broken femur and elbow as well. Many athlete articles include a section on major injuries. 97.82.165.112 (talk) 14:52, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Hawk


text:
User:Starlightentity17

'''The Outlaws They don't plan to either break the law, nor abide by it. The Outlaws follow their own rules and travel space without anyone or anything to hold them back. They answer to no one and live their lives for adventure. Their usual goals are either to get rich, seek revenge, or become famous.'''

That's all you need to know

title: User:Starlightentity17


text:
Don't Look Back (Boston album)

Don't Look Back is the second studio album by American rock band Boston, released in 1978 by Epic Records. The album reached No. 1 in both the US and Canada, and No. 9 in the UK. The title track helped with the album's success, reaching No. 4 in 1978 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and remains one of the band's biggest hits. The album sold over one million copies in the ten days following its release and was certified 7× platinum by the RIAA in the US on April 11, 1996.

The album's two-year gap from its predecessor marks the shortest between two of the band's studio albums to date; guitarist, producer and primary songwriter Tom Scholz claimed that Epic executives pushed him and the band into releasing the album before they felt it was ready. He also felt that the album "was ridiculously short". Their next album, Third Stage, was not released for another eight years, by which time the band and record label had parted ways and fought a courtroom battle that Boston ultimately won.

Recording
Don't Look Back was recorded during 1977 and 1978 at Scholz's Hideaway Studio, except for the piano on "A Man I'll Never Be", which was recorded by engineer Dave Butler at Northern Studio in Maynard, Massachusetts.

Songs
"Don't Look Back", "A Man I'll Never Be" and "Feelin' Satisfied" were all released as singles, reaching No. 4, 31 and 46 respectively on the Billboard Hot 100.

"The Journey" is a short instrumental track that links the opening title track and the third track, "It's Easy". In 1987, Scholz cited it as his favorite song on any of Boston's first three albums, but wished that it were longer. He described it as, "I'm floating through space, cruising in an airplane over the clouds". Billboard writer Paul Grein cited "The Journey" as an example of science fiction-like music on Don't Look Back that is consistent with the guitar-spaceship cover art of the album (and single). Grein referred to it as having an "almost religious" tone, anticipating that some listeners would find it "pretentious" but stating that he found it an effective interlude between the harder-rocking songs "Don't Look Back" and "It's Easy". Emerson said that the organ sounds church-like and that the guitars sound "ghostly", making the track sound "eerie and alienated". He compared "The Journey" to David Bowie's work during the late 1970s. According to Scholz, the song had been lying around for years before he found "the right theme to match the music". It took him just three days to record. The song was the only one on the album without a drum track, and so it was the only song on which drummer Sib Hashian did not appear. Barry Goudreau, who played rhythm guitar, was the only musician on the track besides Scholz. "The Journey" was released as the B-side of the "Don't Look Back" single.

Grein described the transition from "The Journey" to "It's Easy" as "appropriately jarring" due to the latter song's fast boogie guitar introduction. "It's Easy" contains the line "I believe what we achieve will soon be left behind", which Emerson points out appears to be sung to a girl with whom the singer is having a one-night stand, but may also be a self-reference to Boston's own music, similar to the band's approach on their earlier hit "More Than a Feeling". Emerson also noted a similar theme of nostalgia between "More Than a Feeling" and "It's Easy". Writer Derek Oliver included the song as one of several on the album that retained Boston's "signature sound" of "pristine production, humongous orchestral guitars and stupendous vocals" from the debut album. AllMusic critic Tim Sendra found this song "more reflective" than any of the material on Boston's debut.

"Party" was co-written by Delp and Scholz. It begins with a short, slow introduction before a surprising change of pace to the fast, harder sound that persists throughout the rest of the song, in much the same way as "Something About You" from the debut. The dual themes of "Party" are loud parties and teenage sex. Grein compared the "raucous bar band climax" ending of the song to Aerosmith. Sendra found the song to be a "storming rocker" in the mold of "Smokin'" from the debut. "Party" is another song cited by Oliver as retaining the band's signature sound. Billboard rated "Party" to be one of the best songs on the album. It is one of four songs from the album that were included on Boston's Greatest Hits album, along with the three singles.

"Used to Bad News" was written by Delp, making it the only song on the album on which Scholz did not receive a writing credit. Emerson described "Used to Bad News" as "a charming, rather Beatles-like song". Greil Marcus rated it as one of the three "masterpieces" on the album, along with the title track and "A Man I'll Never Be". As with "It's Easy", Sendra considered the song to be more reflective than anything on the debut. "Used to Bad News" is the only song on the album on which Goudreau is the sole lead guitarist. Scholz played all the other instruments except drums. It was released as the B-side of the "Feelin' Satisfied" single.

"Don't Be Afraid" closes the album. The song had an earlier genesis than other songs on the album, as it was originally one of the demos Scholz worked on before getting a record contract. Grein stated that it "comes to a crashing, concert-like crescendo", specifically citing Hashian's drumming. It was also released as the B-side of the "A Man I'll Never Be" single.

Original release
Don't Look Back was originally to be titled Arrival. However, Boston members discovered that Swedish pop group ABBA released an album by that name two years prior, so Don't Look Back was chosen. The album was listed erroneously as Arrival in the cassette inserts of some other CBS releases at the time promoting albums available from the record company and its associated labels.

Compact disc releases
Don't Look Back was among the first commercially produced compact discs when the format was introduced in 1983, but because of ongoing legal issues between Scholz and CBS Records, the title was pulled after a small production run and did not reappear on CD until three years later. Inserts for the original CD pressings contained the "spaceship blueprints" from the original album dust jacket; those illustrations were not included in the 1986 reissue.

This album and the group's first album were remastered and re-released on June 13, 2006. The reissues were digitally remastered personally by Scholz after he heard indirectly that the remastering project was to be handled by Sony's team, which he felt was unacceptable. He took it on himself after negotiations with Legacy Recordings, saying, "I've always wanted to make those albums sound good on CD, and the chance arrived".

A small number of the Sony-remastered versions briefly went on sale in Canada on April 4, 2006, before being removed from sale. Those discs also included a live version of "Shattered Images" (mistitled "Help Me" on the packaging), an unreleased Boston original recorded at a 1976 concert in Philadelphia.

Critical reception
Don't Look Back received generally favorable reviews from critics. Billboard described the album as "an equally superior effort [as their debut album] that further refines this group's ability to play hard rock underlined by a sweet, melodic base". In a more mixed review, Ken Emerson of Rolling Stone said that the album "consolidated the sound of the band's debut album but was less pretentious than Bruce Springsteen's 1978 album Darkness on the Edge of Town". Emerson noted a theme of Scholz expressing his anxieties, particularly with making this album, as evidenced by lines about being unsure about measuring up as a man in "A Man I'll Never Be", and the line "I've been used/But I'm taking it like a man" in "Used to Bad News" (a song written by Brad Delp). Emerson also pointed out contradictions between the lyrics of certain songs, such as the line that "I'm much too strong not to compromise" in "Don't Look Back" versus the line in "A Man I'll Never Be" that "I can't get any stronger", or the line "Emotions can't be satisfied" in "A Man I'll Never Be" versus the title itself of "Feelin' Satisfied". Brad Chadderton of The Ottawa Journal praised the album for its heavy, innovative and melodic guitar lines; for Brad Delp's vocals; and for lyrics that contain philosophical meaning, calling Don't Look Back an improvement over the debut album. Christgau's Record Guide gave the album a favorable B−, stating "Not only are the guitars perfectly received, but the lyrical clichés seem specially selected to make the band as credible in the arena as they are in the studio, and Brad Delp's tenor, too thin for nasty cock-rock distractions, leaves us free to contemplate unsullied form." AllMusic gave the album four out of five stars, saying Boston sounds "inspired" on the album. ''

Boston

 * Brad Delp – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar, piano, tambourine
 * Tom Scholz – pianos, organs, lead guitar, electric rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, 12-string guitar, guitar special effects, bass guitar, hands and cans
 * Barry Goudreau – slide guitar, lead guitar (2, 7, 8), co-lead guitar on "Don’t Look Back", percussion
 * Fran Sheehan – bass guitar, percussion (1)
 * Sib Hashian – drums, percussion

Additional personnel

 * Rob Rosati – hands and cans
 * Cindy Scholz – hands and cans
 * Gloria – hands and cans

Production

 * Tom Scholz – producer, arrangements, engineer, cover concept, digital remastering
 * Eric Carr – assistant engineer
 * Dennis Coscia – assistant engineer
 * Rob Rosati – assistant engineer
 * David "db" Butler – piano recording (4)
 * Wally Traugott – original mastering at Capitol Mastering (Hollywood, California)
 * Tony Lane – art direction
 * Gary Norman – cover artist
 * Ron Pownall – album photography

title: Don't Look Back (Boston album)


text:
Change the World Without Taking Power

Change the World Without Taking Power: The Meaning of Revolution Today is a book by John Holloway first published in 2002. It looks at the understanding of power as the central focal point of how to effect meaningful change. Holloway uses two definitions of power, 'power-over' and 'power-to' in order to understand the difference between power from authority, power over someone else, and the power to do something, the capacity for action. Holloway argues we should never simply assume the legitimacy of anything with 'power-over' someone else and goes as far as saying this is true for the state - we should not 'fetishise' the state to the extent of simply assuming its role, responsibilities, and authority.

Holloway criticises past revolutions as they have simply instituted a different form of authority, of 'power-over', and have therefore not been truly revolutionary in changing the structure of power itself. He hopes for a revolution that is more anarchic in nature, dissolving such hierarchy and authority to more genuinely empower people and their capacities to do certain things.

The book has opened up a wave of debate between Holloway and intellectuals on the far-left. Many of these debates were collected by the International Institute for Research and Education in a free booklet.

title: Change the World Without Taking Power


text:
User:Tualha

Links: Boilerplate - Cleanup - Pages needing attention - Village pump - VfD - Manual of Style - Naming conventions - template list - user message templates - stub list - math markup - citation style - Policies and guidelines - Block log - List of current blocks (slow) - Deletion log - Links (style) - Links (howto)

Edit count (meta)

Contributions under old IP addresses (2003 only): home, work

Who am I? In no particular order: Computer geek, Linux geek, Debian user. Amateur programmer and computer builder. Mostly-recovered Wikipediholic. Science fiction fan; formerly active in organized fandom, but there isn't much in North Central Florida. Otaku. Inactive Go player. Recovered computer game addict. Apostate former randroid. Currently living in Florida. Professionally diagnosed Aspie. Atheist. Politics generally "liberal", though I recognize that term is practically meaningless these days. Vegetarian. Folkie.

I have spoken with Frank Chu. Probably like most people who have done so, I didn't understand what the hell he was talking about.

Tualha is a character in A Wizard Abroad (ISBN 0152162380) by Diane Duane. I started using it for a similar character on a MUD, and went on to use it all over the 'net.

Things I like:
 * Wikipedia
 * Free software
 * Several webcomics, including MegaTokyo, Girl Genius, Something Positive, and xkcd
 * Science fiction, especially Theodore Sturgeon, Lois McMaster Bujold, Kage Baker
 * Good science writing, such as that of Richard Dawkins
 * The Koi Kaze anime and its music
 * Everything about R.O.D the TV

title: User:Tualha


text:
User:Palinuro

(Real name David Horacio Colmenares)
Heideggerian philosopher, poet, vegetable grower, and full fledged zapatist (all in the wanna-be phase), he sees his life as a continuous proces of un-alienation and progresive cohabitation in the intimacy of everything. His only mundane aspiration follow to the letter some words once alloted to Juan L. Ortiz by one of his friends: "Having gently summoned the whole universe to his living room, Juan L. Ortiz needed not leave his house".

A recent fervient mexican adherent of Wikipendia, given the imposibility (both personal and cirmustantial) to be part of the Saff of the Library of Babel, he plans to contribute regularly to this beautifull project in the degree of his abilities.

He has just contributed the following articles:

 * "Changing the world without taking power", by John Holloway (short review)
 * Juan L. Ortiz

His email address reads as follows:

david_horacio@yahoo.com

title: User:Palinuro


text:
The Invisibles

The Invisibles is a comic book series published by the Vertigo imprint of DC Comics from 1994 to 2000. It was created and scripted by Scottish writer Grant Morrison, and drawn by various artists throughout its publication.

The series loosely follows the doings of a single cell of The Invisible College, a secret organization battling against physical and psychic oppression using time travel, magic, meditation, and physical violence.

For most of the series, the team includes leader King Mob; Lord Fanny, a transgender Brazilian shaman; Boy, a former member of the NYPD; Ragged Robin, a telepath with a mysterious past; and Jack Frost, a young hooligan from Liverpool who may be the next Buddha. Their enemies are the Archons of the Outer Church, interdimensional alien gods who have already enslaved most of the human race without their knowledge.

Publication history
The Invisibles was Morrison's first major creator-owned title for DC Comics and it drew from their Zenith strip as well as 1990s conspiracy culture. Their intent was to create a hypersigil to jump-start the culture in a more positive direction.

The title initially sold well but sales dipped sharply during the first series, leading to concerns that the series might be cancelled outright. To counteract this, Morrison suggested a "wankathon" in the hope of bringing about a magical increase in sales by a mass of fans simultaneously masturbating at a set time.

Morrison became seriously ill while writing the book, something they attribute to working on the title and the manner in which its magical influence affected them, and has stated that their work on the comic made them into a different person from the one who started it. They have also said that much of the story was told to them by aliens when they were abducted during a trip to Kathmandu.

The third and final series was meant to be a countdown to the new millennium but shipping delays meant the final issue did not appear until April 2000. All of the series have been collected in a set of trade paperbacks.

Morrison saw the series censored due to the publisher's concern over the possibility of paedophilic and child abuse content. The first such case was in volume one, issue 7 ("Arcadia part 3: 120 Days Of Sod All"); dialogue was altered in one scene where a group rapes and degrades several nameless characters, and the term lost souls was used to ensure the characters could not be identified as children, as in the Marquis de Sade's original 120 Days of Sodom, the book the characters find themselves trapped in. Later in the series the names of people and organizations were simply blacked out, much to Morrison's dismay. DC had one line that originally read "Walt Disney was a crap" blacked out at the suggestions of their lawyers; many of these examples of censorship were restored when reprinted in trade paperback.

The title was optioned to be made into a television series by BBC Scotland, but neither this nor an optioned film version have been made. Morrison wrote The Filth for Vertigo in 2002, which they describe as a companion piece to The Invisibles, though there is no other connection between the two titles.

Say You Want a Revolution
The first volume of The Invisibles introduces Dane McGowan, an angry teen from Liverpool, as he attempts to burn down his school. Abandoned by his father and neglected by his mother, Dane takes out his anger and frustration through destruction. In the first issue of the series, Dane is recruited by the Invisibles, a ragtag band of freedom fighters led by King Mob, a charismatic, cold-blooded assassin. The next arc, "Down and Out in Heaven and Hell", shows Dane as he tries to survive on his own in London after being abandoned by the Invisibles. Dane is mentored by Tom O'Bedlam, an elderly homeless man who is secretly a member of the Invisibles. Tom shows Dane the magic in the everyday world and helps him realize that his anger prevents him from experiencing real emotions. While wandering with Tom, Dane has a partially remembered alien abduction experience and is transported into a different dimension. Eventually Dane returns to the Invisibles, taking the codename "Jack Frost". The next arc, "Arcadia", follows the Invisibles as they go back in time via astral projection to the French Revolution. Jack is almost killed by a demonic agent of the Outer Church, the Invisibles' chief enemy. As the arc closes, Jack declares that he is leaving the Invisibles.

Apocalipstick
The first volume continues with Jack Frost abandoning the Invisibles. The tragic past of Lord Fanny, a Brazilian transgender woman and a member of King Mob's Invisibles cell, is revealed in a story arc titled "She-Man", which jumps back and forth through time. After an encounter with an agent of the Outer Church, both King Mob and Lord Fanny are captured. The volume closes with a look at Jack as he evades both the Invisibles and the Outer Church in London. Jack remembers his abduction experience from the previous volume, recalling that his alien captors told him that he is the messiah. Jack is approached by Sir Miles, a high-ranking member of the Outer Church, who tries to recruit him. Jack refuses and battles Sir Miles telepathically. After winning the psychic duel, Jack escapes again, this time to Liverpool. This volume also introduces Jim Crow, a Haitian Invisible and Voodoo practitioner, and the Moonchild, a monstrous being who will one day be crowned the next King of England. The twelfth issue of the series, "Best Man Fall", fleshes out the character of a soldier King Mob killed in the previous volume.

Entropy in the U.K.
Sir Miles' interrogates King Mob in an arc titled "Gideon Stargrave in Entropy in the U.K." Ragged Robin and Boy, the other members of King Mob's Invisibles cell, team up with Jim Crow to rescue their teammates. In the 20th issue of the series, Boy reflects on her past while taking a train to Liverpool to bring Jack back into the fold. In the following issue, "Liverpool", Jack returns to his mother's flat where he tells her everything that has happened to him since joining the Invisibles. He admits that he is scared of the responsibilities that he now has as humanity's saviour and no longer knows what to do. Jack recalls that when he travelled to a different dimension with Tom O'Bedlam, a sentient satellite called Barbelith forced Jack to feel the collective suffering of humanity. Remembering this agony and realizing that he can put an end to it, Jack finally accepts his role and agrees to help save his friends. The next arc focuses on the regrouped Invisibles as they attempt to rescue King Mob and Lord Fanny. During the Invisibles' battle with the Outer Church, Jack is told that he will be responsible for destroying the world on 22 December 2012. Jack fully realizes the power at his disposal, defeating an extra-dimensional Archon of the Outer Church and healing King Mob of his injuries. Jack also heals Sir Miles, who had been severely hurt during the battle. The volume closes with a look at an Invisible named Mr. Six as he searches for traces of the Moonchild.

Bloody Hell in America
The second volume begins a year after the events in London. The arc "Black Science" follows the Invisibles embarking on a mission after taking a year off in America at the New York City estate of wealthy Invisible Mason Lang. While Jack Frost, Boy, and Lord Fanny explore New York City, King Mob and Ragged Robin begin a sexual relationship. Jolly Roger, an Invisible and an old friend of King Mob's, asks them to help her steal an AIDS vaccine from Dulce Base. There, the Invisibles face off against Mr. Quimper and Colonel Friday, two psychic agents of the Outer Church. The Invisibles are victorious, though Quimper plants a tiny part of his psyche in Ragged Robin's subconscious.

Counting to None
The Invisibles travel to San Francisco where they meet Takashi, an employee of Mason Lang's who is working on a time machine. Ragged Robin reveals that she has been sent from the future using a working version of Takashi's time machine when King Mob takes her to the dimension that the Invisible College, the Invisibles' headquarters, inhabits. Meanwhile, Jack Frost and Lord Fanny obtain a powerful supernatural device called the "Hand of Glory" from a mysterious trio called the "Harlequinade". In an arc titled "Sensitive Criminal", King Mob travels back in time via astral projection to learn from past Invisibles how to operate the Hand of Glory. In the following arc, "American Death Camp", Boy steals the Hand of Glory and attempts to use it to rescue her brother, whom she believes is being held in a secret detention camp in Washington State, US. In reality, Boy is actually being deprogrammed by a separate cell of Invisibles who discovered that she had been brainwashed by the Outer Church to deliver the Hand to them.

Kissing Mister Quimper
The team vacation in New Orleans. Boy and Jack Frost acknowledge their feelings for each other and begin a brief relationship. The Invisibles then go back to Dulce to steal a powerful substance called "Magic Mirror" from the Outer Church in an arc titled "Black Science 2". Aware of Quimper's presence within her consciousness, Ragged Robin is able to trap and defeat him with Lord Fanny's help. In the Dulce facility, Jack is taken into the Magic Mirror substance where he is shown the horrific dimension that the Outer Church hails from. After leaving Dulce, Ragged Robin prepares to return to the future. Using the Hand of Glory as an engine, Takashi's time machine can be used to return her to her own time. After saying goodbye to King Mob, with whom she has fallen in love, Robin leaves the past behind. In the final issue of the volume, Boy leaves the Invisibles and King Mob destroys Mason Lang's mansion, telling him that it is possible for even the most rigid man to change.

The Invisible Kingdom
Picking up a year after the previous volume, the third and final volume of the series follows the Invisibles as they prepare to stop the Moonchild from being used as a host for Rex Mundi, the extra-dimensional ruler of the Outer Church. Many of the Invisibles have significantly changed in this volume. King Mob no longer uses guns or kills people and Jack Frost has fully accepted his role as humanity's saviour. Also, The Invisibles no longer consider themselves at war with the Outer Church, this time they are on a mission to rescue humanity before the world ends. The arc "The Invisible Kingdom" portrays the final battle between the Invisibles and the Outer Church. Sir Miles is killed, as is Jolly Roger (her body is later seen in a mass grave), while Jack Frost single-handedly defeats Rex Mundi. He then travels once again into the Magic Mirror and learns that the dimensions that the Outer Church and the Invisible College inhabit are one and the same. Afterwards, King Mob retires and devotes the rest of his life to non-violence. Jack Frost and Lord Fanny are left to start their own Invisibles cell. Years later, on 21 December 2012, the world is about to end, just as predicted. Ragged Robin returns and is finally reunited with King Mob. Jack Frost then breaks the fourth wall and addresses the reader, stating that, "OUR SENTENCE IS UP". At that moment, the world ends and humanity transforms into its next stage of existence, guided by Jack Frost.

Volume three does not read from issue 1 to 12 but rather counts down from 12 to 1.

Creators
While Grant Morrison wrote the entire series, The Invisibles never had a regular art team. It was intended that each story arc would be illustrated by a separate artist. The artists to work on each issue are:
 * Volume 1
 * Issues #1–4, 22–24: Steve Yeowell
 * Issues #5–9, 13–15: Jill Thompson
 * Issue #10: Chris Weston
 * Issue #11: John Ridgway
 * Issue #12: Steve Parkhouse
 * Issue #16, 21: Paul Johnson
 * Issues #17–19: Phil Jimenez
 * Issue #20: Tommy Lee Edwards
 * Issue #25: Mark Buckingham
 * Volume 2
 * Issues #1–13: Phil Jimenez (Issue #9 has Jimenez on layouts only, with the pencils handled by Chris Weston, credited as "Space Boy")
 * Issues #14–17, 19–22: Chris Weston
 * Issue #18: Ivan Reis
 * Volume 3 (issued in reverse order)
 * Issues #12–9: Philip Bond, Warren Pleece
 * Issues #8–5: Sean Phillips
 * Issue #4: Steve Yeowell, Ashley Wood, Steve Parkhouse, Philip Bond, Jill Thompson, John Ridgway
 * Issue #3: Steve Yeowell, Rian Hughes, John Ridgway, Michael Lark, Jill Thompson, Chris Weston
 * Issue #2: Steve Yeowell, The Pander Brothers, John Ridgway, Cameron Stewart, Ashley Wood, Mark Buckingham, Dean Ormston, Grant Morrison
 * Issue #1: Frank Quitely

Issues #4–2 included artistic collaborators who did not illustrate Morrison's scripts precisely as written. The most notable examples were the three pages Ashley Wood drew in Vol. 3, #2 that were later redrawn by Cameron Stewart for The Invisible Kingdom trade paperback.

Reception
The Invisibles made Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 50 Best Non-Superhero Graphic Novels", citing its influence on later comic books writers Jonathan Hickman and Gerard Way.

Collected editions
The Invisibles has been collected into seven trade paperbacks:
 * Say You Want a Revolution, published 1999-06-01. Collects Volume 1, issues #1–8 (ISBN 1-5638-9267-7)
 * Apocalipstick, published 2001-04-01. Collects Volume 1, issues #9–16 (ISBN 1-5638-9702-4)
 * Entropy in the UK, published 2001-08-01. Collects Volume 1, issues #17–25 (ISBN 1-5638-9728-8)
 * Bloody Hell in America, published 1998-02-01. Collects Volume 2, issues #1–4 (ISBN 1-5638-9444-0)
 * Counting to None, published 1999-03-01. Collects Volume 2, issues #5–13 (ISBN 1-56389-489-0)
 * Kissing Mister Quimper, published 2000-02-01. Collects Volume 2, issues #14–22 (ISBN 1-5638-9600-1)
 * The Invisible Kingdom, published 2002-12-01. Collects Volume 3, issues #12–1 (ISBN 1-4012-0019-2)

In August 2012, Vertigo published a one-volume, 1500-page omnibus edition of The Invisibles:
 * The Invisibles Omnibus, published 2012-08-28. Collects Volume 1, issues #1–25, Volume 2, issues #1–22, and Volume 3, issues #12–1 ISBN 1-4012-3459-3

Starting in February 2014, Vertigo began publishing a new line of hardcover collections:
 * The Invisibles: Deluxe Edition, Book One, published 2014-02-18. Collects Volume 1, issues #1–12 plus the story "King Mob in Hexy" from Absolute Vertigo ISBN 1-4012-4502-1
 * The Invisibles: Deluxe Edition, Book Two, published 2014-08-19. Collects Volume 1, issues #13–25 plus the story "And We're All Police Men" from Vertigo: Winter's Edge #1 ISBN 1-4012-4599-4
 * The Invisibles: Deluxe Edition, Book Three, published 2015-02-10. Collects Volume 2, issues #1–13 ISBN 1-4012-4951-5
 * The Invisibles: Deluxe Edition, Book Four, published 2015-06-21. Collects Volume 2, issues #14–22 and Volume 3, issues #12–1 ISBN 1-4012-5421-7

title: The Invisibles


text:
Magic carpet

A magic carpet, also called a flying carpet, is a legendary carpet and common trope in fantasy fiction. It is typically used as a form of transportation and can quickly or instantaneously carry its user(s) to their destination.

In literature
One of the stories in the One Thousand and One Nights relates how Prince Husain, the eldest son of Sultan of the Indies, travels to Bisnagar (Vijayanagara) in India and buys a magic carpet. This carpet is described as follows: "Whoever sitteth on this carpet and willeth in thought to be taken up and set down upon other site will, in the twinkling of an eye, be borne thither, be that place nearhand or distant many a day's journey and difficult to reach." The literary traditions of several other cultures also feature magical carpets, in most cases literally flying rather than instantly transporting their passengers from place to place.

Solomon's carpet was reportedly made of green silk with a golden weft, 60 mi long and 60 mi wide: "when Solomon sat upon the carpet he was caught up by the wind, and sailed through the air so quickly that he breakfasted at Damascus and supped in Media." The wind followed Solomon's commands, and ensured the carpet would go to the proper destination; when Solomon was proud, for his greatness and many accomplishments, the carpet gave a shake and 40,000 fell to their deaths. The carpet was shielded from the sun by a canopy of birds. In Shaikh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Tadifi al-Hanbali's book of wonders, Qala'id-al-Jawahir ("Necklaces of Gems"), Shaikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani walks on the water of the River Tigris, then an enormous prayer rug (sajjada) appears in the sky above, "as if it were the flying carpet of Solomon [bisat Sulaiman]".

In Russian folk tales, Baba Yaga can supply Ivan the Fool with a flying carpet or some other magical gifts (e.g. a ball that rolls in front of the hero showing him the way, or a towel that can turn into a bridge). Such gifts help the hero to find his way "beyond thrice-nine lands, in the thrice-ten kingdom". Russian painter Viktor Vasnetsov illustrated the tales featuring a flying carpet on two occasions.

In Mark Twain's "Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven", magic wishing carpets are used to instantaneously travel throughout Heaven.

Poul Anderson's Operation Chaos features a world making extensive use of magic in daily life, and among other things having flying carpets as a common, non-polluting means of transportation - in fierce competition with the also available flying brooms. Travelers need not sit on the bare carpet itself, as the carpet serves as the platform for a comfortable cabin.

Magic carpets have also been featured in modern literature, movies, and video games, and not always in a classic context.

In "traditional Chinese fantasy literature" from the late Qing dynasty and before, sentient flying carpets were thought to be "magical monsters" in the same category as lung, qilin, or clouds for heroes to traverse distances with.

In Taoism and Taoist art, flying carpets were used as poetic metaphors for the ability of flight xian had.

In Tibetan Tantric Buddhism, a paper carpet were thought to be able to fly for "adept[s]".

title: Magic carpet


text:
Apocalipstick

Apocalipstick may refer to:

 * Apocalipstick, part of the comic book series The Invisibles
 * Apocalipstick (album), a 2017 album by Cherry Glazerr

title: Apocalipstick


text:
SBC

SBC may refer to:

Education

 * St Bernard's College, Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand
 * St. Brendan's College, Yeppoon, Queensland, Australia
 * Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, Malaysia
 * Singapore Bible College
 * Sino-British College, Shanghai, China
 * Sitting Bull College, a tribal college, Fort Yates, North Dakota, US
 * Steinbach Bible College, Manitoba, Canada
 * Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Virginia

Broadcasting

 * Samoa Broadcasting Corporation
 * School of Broadcasting & Communication, India
 * Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation
 * Shin-etsu Broadcasting, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
 * Singapore Broadcasting Corporation, later Mediacorp
 * Somali Broadcasting Corporation
 * Southern Cross Broadcasting, a former Australian company
 * Saudi Broadcasting Corporation, former name of the Saudi Broadcasting Authority
 * Swiss Broadcasting Corporation

Other

 * Sadharan Bima Corporation, Bangladesh
 * SBC Cinemas, cinema chain in Taiwan, now part of Vue International
 * SBC Telecom, a US telecom corporation
 * Seattle's Best Coffee, American coffee retailer
 * Security Bank Corporation, Philippines
 * Service Bureau Corporation, former IBM subsidiary divested in 1973
 * South Bay Conservatory, a performing arts company, Los Angeles, California, US
 * Southwestern Bell Corporation, now AT&T Inc.
 * Swiss Bank Corporation

Government

 * Stevenage Borough Council, Hertfordshire, UK
 * Scarborough Borough Council, North Yorkshire, UK
 * Scottish Borders Council, UK

Sport

 * Sandusky Bay Conference, a high school sports conference in the US state of Ohio
 * Scottish Basketball Championship
 * Sun Belt Conference, an American college sports conference

Other organizations

 * Southern Baptist Convention, a US Christian denomination
 * Satmar Bikur Cholim, a Jewish hospital aid organization
 * Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (Brazilian Computer Society)

Science and technology

 * Schwarz Bayesian criterion, a tool of model selection in regression analysis
 * Sensotronic Brake Control, an electro-hydraulic brake system
 * Chevrolet small-block engine or Small Block Chevy, a type of automobile engine
 * Standard bicarbonate concentration, in physiology
 * Spectroscopic binary catalogue, containing orbital data for spectroscopic binary stars

Computing

 * Session border controller, protecting VoIP networks
 * Single-board computer
 * Smart Bitrate Control, for video compression
 * Sub-band coding, in signals
 * SBC (codec), used by Bluetooth
 * System basis chip, an integrated circuit

Other uses

 * Bangalore City railway station (station code), India
 * Curtiss SBC Helldiver, a US Navy bomber
 * Stock-Based Compensation, employee compensation in stocks
 * Suicide by cop

title: SBC


text:
PTAT-1

PTAT-1 was the first privately financed transatlantic fibre optic telecommunications cable, which was completed in 1989, at a cost of US$400 million. It was maintained by Cable & Wireless (C&W) and Sprint/PSI, and connected Manasquan, New Jersey, United States with Devonshire, Bermuda and Ballinspittle, Republic of Ireland, terminating at Brean, England, United Kingdom, for a distance of 7552 km.

The significance of PTAT-1 is that it broke the international telecommunication monopoly held by AT&T Corporation and British Telecom (BT) for telecommunications between the US and UK.

PTAT-1 was built by a joint venture of a small private US company, Private TransAtlantic Telecommunication System (PTAT Systems, founded as TelOptik in 1984) and Cable & Wireless plc of the UK. The submarine cable system and line terminal equipment were provided by Standard Telephones and Cables (STC), and alarm and control system management by International Computers Limited (ICL). The US shore end was built by Lightwave Spectrum.

The UK to US section of the cable was shut down just after 02:00 hours on 8 February 2004, as it was no longer considered financially viable by Cable & Wireless. Competitors to the cable had dropped their prices drastically after they re-emerged from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy with little or no debts to service, something C&W was unable to compete with.

This cable provided intelligent repeaters that counted bit errors which were reported in response to interrogation from a base station. It contained three fibre pairs which were used to provide two active channels. Each repeater included a base station-controlled cross-over data switch to swap traffic through a choice of two fibre pairs, the switch connections in successive repeaters enabled any desired connection to be made and provide a diversity path when required.

title: PTAT-1


text:
Baptists Together

Baptists Together, formally the Baptist Union of Great Britain, is a Baptist Christian denomination in England and Wales. It is affiliated with the Baptist World Alliance and Churches Together in England. The headquarters is in Didcot.

History
The Baptist Union was founded by 45 Particular Baptist churches in 1813 in London. In 1832, it was reorganized to include the New Connection General Baptist Association (General Baptist churches) as a partner. In 1891, the two associations merged to form a single organization. General Baptists and Particular Baptists work was united in the Baptist Union in 1891. The Baptist Historical Society was founded in 1908.

In 1922, Edith Gates became the first woman ordained pastor in the Convention.

In 2013 Lynn Green was elected, with no votes against, as the first female General Secretary of the Baptist Union of Great Britain to commence in September 2013. She was received at the vote by a standing ovation and her inaugural message included "I believe that our union is ready for generational change... It is time to cast off the institutional mindset that has served us well in the past, and embrace a new way of being for the 21st century."

Also in 2013, the union publicly re-branded itself as "Baptists Together" and introduced a new logo to reflect the change (although it is still known in an official capacity by its former name, the Baptist Union of Great Britain).

Membership
According to a census published by the denomination in 2023, it claimed 1,897 churches and 99,475 members.

Missionary organization
The Fellowship of British Baptists and BMS World Mission brings together in ministry the churches that are members of the Baptist Union of Scotland, Wales, the Irish Baptist Networks, and the Baptist Union of Great Britain. It is itself a member of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS) because of its work to promote young people's personal and social development.

Inter-denominational associations
The union maintains membership with Christian ecumenical organisations such as Churches Together in England, Churches Together in Britain and Ireland, the Conference of European Churches, and the World Council of Churches.

Missionary Society
The Particular Baptist Missionary Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen (later the Baptist Missionary Society, and now BMS World Mission) was organised in 1792, under the leadership of Andrew Fuller (1754–1815), John Sutcliff (1752–1814), and William Carey (1761–1834).

Beliefs
The union has a Baptist confession of faith. It is a member of the Baptist World Alliance.

Schools
The Union is a partner of 4 theological seminaries, namely South Wales Baptist College, Northern Baptist College, Bristol Baptist College and Spurgeon's College, and a university college, Regent's Park College. In March 2024, the St Hild Centre for Baptist Ministry, previously an affiliated centre of Northern Baptist College, entered membership with the Baptist Union of Great Britain in its own right.

Organisation
The principal of the Union is the General Secretary. A number of paid staff provide leadership and practical support from the Union's headquarters in Baptist House, Didcot, in areas such as finance, ministerial accreditation, and legal support.

List of general secretaries

 * 1898 – 1924 John Howard Shakespeare
 * 1925 – 1951 Melbourn Aubrey
 * 1951 – 1967 Ernest A. Payne
 * 1967 – 1982 David S. Russell
 * 1982 – 1991 Bernard Green
 * 1991 – 2006 David Coffey
 * 2006 – 2013 Jonathan Edwards
 * 2013 – Lynn Green

Since 2001, churches in membership with the Baptist Union of Great Britain have been organised into 13 Regional Associations: Regional Association teams, led by a number of Regional Ministers and a senior Regional Ministry Team Leader (RMTL), oversee and facilitate ministry in local churches. This may include pastoral support for ministers, signposting regional events, organising regional conferences, and supporting churches without a minister.
 * Central Baptist Association
 * East Midlands Baptist Association
 * Eastern Baptist Association
 * Heart of England Baptist Association
 * London Baptist Association
 * North Western Baptist Association
 * Northern Baptist Association
 * South Eastern Baptist Association
 * South Wales Baptist Association
 * South West Baptist Association
 * Southern Counties Baptist Association
 * West of England Baptist Network (formerly West of England Baptist Association)
 * Yorkshire Baptist Association

Doctrinal controversies
At the Baptist Union Assembly in April 1971, Michael Taylor, then Principal at the Northern Baptist College, asserted, "I believe that God was active in Jesus, but it will not do to say quite categorically: Jesus is God." The statement bred controversy, and some charged him with denying the Deity of Christ. Nigel G. Wright, later Principal of Spurgeon's College, commenting on the affair, claimed the, "Spectre of theological downgrade had lingered within the denomination throughout the 20th century," alluding to the Downgrade Controversy of a century earlier.

In 2020, the Ministerial Recognition Committee received a letter from 70 members of the Union asking that the rules be changed to allow ministers in same-sex marriages to no longer be guilty of gross misconduct. The request was referred to the national Council, who discussed it in March 2022 and initiated a process of consultation whereby ministers and churches in membership with the Union were asked their thoughts on the proposed change. During this time a group formed, initially known as 'Baptist Ministers for Orthodox Marriage' and later 'Evangelical Baptists', who campaigned against the change in rules. The results of the consultation were presented to Council, who decided against the change in March 2024 with a vote of 65% against:

title: Baptists Together


text:
Third Stage

Third Stage is the third studio album by the American rock band Boston, released on September 26, 1986, on MCA Records. It was recorded at Boston co-founder Tom Scholz's Hideaway Studio over a long, strained, six-year period "between floods and power failures". Scholz and vocalist Brad Delp were the only original members. The lyrics invoke themes of aging and working through stages in life. The first track and lead single, "Amanda", became a number one hit and one of the group's best known songs. The album itself was eventually certified 4× platinum by the RIAA.

Development
After winning a legal battle with Epic Records, Scholz switched Boston to the MCA record label. The album's first track, "Amanda", had been written in 1980 (when Boston began work on the album) and became the band's only #1 single. It reached #1 for two weeks in November 1986. The second Top 10 single, "We're Ready", reached #9. The singles "Cool the Engines" and "Can'tcha Say (You Believe in Me)/Still in Love" also got substantial airplay, with the former reaching #4 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, and the latter peaking at #20 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1987. "Can'tcha Say" remains Boston's last Top 40 hit.

After only three weeks on the chart, Third Stage reached #1 on the Billboard 200 for four weeks. It is the first CD-formatted album to have been certified gold (500,000 copies) by the RIAA. It was also certified gold in the LP format, believed to be the first album certified in both of these formats. In all, the album was certified 4× platinum.

It is the first Boston LP with electronic drum samples, the first to include songs not written by either Scholz or Brad Delp, the first Boston LP without original members Barry Goudreau, Sib Hashian and Fran Sheehan (though Hashian played drums on four tracks and Sheehan was included in the early recording session and received a writing credit). Jim Masdea plays drums on most of the album. It is the first Boston recording to use the Rockman guitar processor, invented by Scholz. No orchestral sounds or synthesizers are on the album. Critics have noted that the album has a darker, more somber tone than Boston's previous work.

Personnel
Adapted from Third Stage liner notes.

 * Brad Delp – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitars, percussion
 * Tom Scholz – grand piano, electric piano, Hammond organ, theater organ, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, some drums, guitar "violin", rocket ignition, thunderstorms, unidentified flying objects
 * Gary Pihl – lead guitar (8)
 * Jim Masdea – drums (5–10)
 * Sib Hashian – drums (1–4)

Production

 * Tom Scholz – producer, arrangements, engineer, liner notes
 * Gragg Lumsford – piano track engineer (9) at Blue Jay Studios (Carlisle, Massachusetts)
 * Augustine Antoine – technical support
 * Mike Blackmere – technical support
 * Bill Clack – technical support
 * Del Eilers – technical support
 * Neil Miller – technical support
 * Gary Pihl – technical support
 * Bob Ludwig – mastering at Masterdisk (New York, NY)
 * John Salozzo – cover artwork
 * Chris Serra – cover concept sleeve drawing
 * Richard Ocean – photography
 * Ron Pownall – photography

title: Third Stage


text:
Aeroparque Jorge Newbery

Jorge Newbery Airfield, commonly known as Aeroparque, is an international airport 2 km northwest of downtown Buenos Aires, Argentina. The airport covers an area of 138 ha and is operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S.A. It is located along the Río de la Plata, in the Palermo neighbourhood, and serves as the main hub for domestic flights in Argentina and South American destinations.

History
The airport was originally proposed by Mayor Carlos Noel in 1925. A number of feasibility studies and zoning disputes followed. In 1938, plans were submitted for an island airport connected via causeway to Avenida General Paz (then under construction). A former wetland reclaimed in 1916 from the Río de la Plata and closer to downtown was selected instead, and the facility, designed by Aeronautics Secretariat engineer Víctor Acuña in 1945, was inaugurated in 1947 as Aeroparque 17 de Octubre (17 October Airfield).

Initially served by a single 1000 m runway, it began operations in January 1948 as the main hub for domestic flights from Buenos Aires as well as flights to Uruguay. Its first terminal was completed in 1951, by which time the runway was extended to 1550 m. The airport was renamed following the 1955 coup against President Juan Perón in honor of the pioneer of Argentine aviation, Jorge Newbery, and was re-inaugurated in 1960 following work that expanded its main runway to 2070 m, and also added a new terminal. The Argentine Air Force had a small base built near the eastern end of the airport in 1965; at this site, President Isabel Perón was formally deposed by the military in the March 1976 coup. A new terminal for national air carrier Aerolíneas Argentinas was inaugurated in 1981, expanding total terminal area to 30000 m2. Plans to merge Newbery with Ezeiza International Airport in a new facility located on an artificial island were revived in 1996 by a commission headed by Congressman Álvaro Alsogaray, though these plans were ultimately dropped. Its operations, like those of all the nation's public airports, were privatized in 1998 and transferred to Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 (part of the conglomerate owned by local businessman Eduardo Eurnekian). The runway was further extended by 180 m in 2007, and work began in 2009 to create greater distance between the nearby Rafael Obligado Coast Highway and the eastern end of the runway. Routes were added in March 2010 to destinations in Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay. Work began in 2011 on Terminals III and IV, totaling 35000 m2. These terminals were inaugurated in March 2014, effectively doubling the airport's passenger capacity. However, a recent increase in the number of airlines and flights operating at the airport has brought it to the limit of its capacity. Thus, the government decided to move all international flights (with the exception of those to Uruguay) to Ezeiza Airport from 2019. However, an expansion of the runway was completed during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to accommodate wide-body aircraft, such as the Airbus A330. In a push to connect tourists with domestic flights at the airport, the government allowed international flights to recommence.

Accidents and incidents
Aeroparque Jorge Newbery is involved in many crashes from 1959 to 2017. Some of the crashes including LAPA Flight 3142 was one of the deadliest aviation accidents in Argentina's history

 * On 11 January 1957, LADE Vickers Viking T-11 crashed on take-off. All 35 occupants perished.
 * On 30 June 1961, Transcontinental S.A. C-46 Commando LV-FTO crashed on landing approach. Of 35 occupants, 24 died.
 * On 17 December 1969, Austral Líneas Aéreas C-46 Commando LV-GEB lost engine 1 due to fuel exhaustion shortly after takeoff. The plane failed to gain height and made a crash landing in a small sport field.
 * On 11 May 1975, Vickers Viscount CX-AQO of PLUNA was damaged beyond economic repair when it departed the runway.
 * On 7 May 1981, Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 901, a BAC 1-11, crashed on approach after a flight from Tucumán. All 31 passengers and crew were killed.
 * On 24 February 1999, Aerolíneas Argentinas MD-88 LV-VBY was destroyed by hangar fire.
 * On 31 August 1999, LAPA Flight 3142, a Boeing 737-200, crashed during takeoff due to pilot error. 63 of the 100 passengers and crew were killed. Two people on the ground were also killed, raising the death toll to 65.

title: Aeroparque Jorge Newbery