text:
User talk:Levzur

Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/ChrisO and Levzur
Requests for arbitration/ChrisO and Levzur has been accepted (since there were 3 recusals acceptance by 3 arbitrators should be sufficient). Please make any additional statements and your request for relief on the page Requests for arbitration/ChrisO and Levzur. Please put any evidence on the page Requests for arbitration/ChrisO and Levzur/Evidence. Fred Bauder 15:54, May 2, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images:

 * Image:Ilia3.jpg
 * Image:IliaII.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the imagesand I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 23:42, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:IvaneJavakhishvili.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:19, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Dogonadze1.gif

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 03:52, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:GeorgeDzotsenidze.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 22:25, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Also:
 * Image:Ushguli.jpg
 * Image:TSU.jpg

Your help is needed
Hi Levzur, your work on Georgia (country)-related topics is highly appreciated. I thought you could provide some information about those Georgians who collaborated with Nazi to fight the Soviet regimen and Georgian legionnaires of Wehrmacht (e.g. Colonel Shalva Maglakelidze). Many thanks in advance. Kober March 29, 2005

Thomas Gamkrelidze
If you want to merge two articles please make a request at Duplicate articles.

To redirect one name to another see the example I have done at Thomas Gamkrelidze. It will now automatically redirect to "Tamaz Gamkrelidze" but you can follow the link, at the top of the article, back to the redirect page it will then show you the link page wihich consists of " #REDIRECT Tamaz Gamkrelidze ". BTW anything below the redirect line is deleted on saving and anything before the redirect line stops it working. -- Philip Baird Shearer 11:15, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Zviad Gamsakhurdia has been protected now. You repeatedly removed text without explaining it on either the talk page or in your edit summary. Please do so as soon as you can. Mgm|(talk) 20:05, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

Georgian people
It is a simple thing we are saying. The article is about our country. My country. The country in which I was born. Have we no claim to it at all? --VKokielov 04:04, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, but the article Georgian people is about the Georgian Nation (Kartveli Eri), not about the whole population of the Republic of Georgia. -- Levzur 25 Apr 2005

Blanking talk pages
I see you removed the [ warning] from ChrisO that blanking talk pages was considered vandalism. Since you have continued doing this after being warned, I have now listed you on Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress. Please refrain from blanking your talk page (or sections of it) in the future. --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 23:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually the warning related to blanking article talk pages (specifically Talk:Bagrationi). It still stands, obviously. -- ChrisO 23:41, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification. Blanking one's own talk page is obviously still undesirable. :) --Marnen Laibow-Koser (talk) 13:08, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No it's not. People can archive and blank their talk pages all they like. It's all in history anyway. Zocky 00:28, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Armenian people
Repeating an edit doesn't make it any better. If you have a justification, bring it to the talk page. And it's hard for me to imagine your grounds for removing someone else's solid citation. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:54, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Should the Arbitration Committee be Informed about Your Return?
I have noticed your response to another Wikipedian. And I have noticed that a Request for Arbitration against you was closed only because you stopped contributing about 6 months ago -- however you have returned to Wikipedia, & now appear to act in much the same way that drew complaints about you. Would you promise that you won't behave as unreasonably as you did before, or should I ask the Arbitration Committee to reopen this case? -- llywrch 23:04, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Peer review for Democratic Republic of Georgia
The peer review request for Democratic Republic of Georgia has been archived due to the fact that the article is currently a featured article candidate. If this article does not gain Featured article status, the peer review request may be submitted again. --Allen3 talk 11:15, May 6, 2005 (UTC)

About some Pics
Hello, this is Messhermit, from Wiki ES and EN. My question is that in this page (http://www.geocities.com/z_g.geo/z_g.html) that appears to be part of your work, have some good quality pictures about Gergian People. I would like to known their copyright status, in order to have them available on Wiki-commons (so it can be use on any wiki as an image). Also, your knownledge of Georgian History can increase the number of articles that are in Wiki-ES that are currently only Stubs. I would be glad to work with such respectable historian of Georgian History. Regards and Thanks, feel free to answer me on my talk page. Messhermit 21:25, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Queen-Tamar.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Queen-Tamar.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Could you add a tag to let us know its copyright status? (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --michael180 14:51, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:GeoMap2.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:GeoMap2.gif. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Secretlondon 23:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Also Image:GeorgePapashvily.jpg, Image:Georgia-DavidIV.jpg. Thanks. Secretlondon 23:12, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:TamazGamkrelidze.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:TamazGamkrelidze.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Michael 03:43, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

Image:OldGeoflag.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:OldGeoflag.png, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 18:47, 9 December 2006 (UTC) Zscout370 (Sound Off) 01:11, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:MikhakoTsereteli.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:MikhakoTsereteli.gif. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Shanel 18:21, September 11, 2005 (UTC)

User categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Georgia page as living in or being associated with Georgia. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Georgia for instructions. -- Gurch 15:25, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Blocked
Revert warring again? You know the rules, so you've just earned a 24 hour block. Please don't do it again. -- ChrisO 08:13, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't evade blocks, and don't vandalise talk pages. You're now blocked for 48 hours. If you continue to misbehave the next block will be longer still. -- ChrisO 00:33, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Now blocked for one month for page move vandalism. If it were not for your extensive history here, I would have blocked you permanently. User:Zoe|(talk) 22:57, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

DRG
I read DRG article year, ago and i notice it was socialist country but with multi-partite system. Can we say that the DRG was first country with socialism with human face? Was DRG something unic in history or other countries with Social democratic goverments in first half of first century ( France,,Spain..) had similar system or was DRG really something unic in history? Did DRG respected rights of ethnic and religous minorities? What rights did they had?W hat social reforms Menshevik goverment made? What were differences between Mensheviks and Bolsheviks? What were other parties in DRG? I also read in book Russian Civil War that DRG was in war with both Reds and Whites. Why DRG didnt made alliance with Reds against Whites to preserve its indepence?Or maybe otherwise?What were foreign relation between neighboring countries and Great countries ( USA,UK,France..)?Who was DRGs biggest friend and aly? I would like to now about modern Georgia.Do Georgian consider themselfs Europeans or Asians?Does modern Georgia want to be part of €uropean union?Does modern post-Shevarnadze Georgia respects minority rights? Connections between Georgians and Basks? Actually I ve send u the same questions yera ago on your mail but didnt got any respond. Thank u! Luka Jačov 21:58, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:GurandaGvaladze.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:GurandaGvaladze.gif. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. — Rebelguys2 talk 02:54, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Shota.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Shota.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Admrb♉ltz (T | C) 00:40, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Daviti.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Daviti.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Fritz S. (Talk) 09:12, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Image sources
Please provide the sources for Image:GiorgiTsereteli.jpg and Image:GrigolTsereteli.jpg. Thank you. Lupo 10:33, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Dadeshkeliani.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Dadeshkeliani.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 06:43, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Untagged image
An image you uploaded, Image:Bagrationgerbial.jpg, was tagged with the coatofarms copyright tag. This tag was deleted because it does not actually specify the copyright status of the image. The image may need a more accurate copyright tag, or it may need to be deleted. If the image portrays a seal or emblem, it should be tagged as seal. If you have any questions, ask them at Media copyright questions. -- 01:14, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:GrigolRobakidze.jpg
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If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 18:08, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Georgia WikiProject
Please check out the discussion at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals#Georgia_.28country.29 Chris 03:20, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:ES-GeoLogo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:ES-GeoLogo.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 19:42, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:ES-GeoLogo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:ES-GeoLogo.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self-no-disclaimers tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 19:42, 17 May 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 19:42, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:MikhakoTsereteli.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:MikhakoTsereteli.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 22:22, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:RevazDogonadze5.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:RevazDogonadze5.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 22:23, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:TamazGamkrelidze.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:TamazGamkrelidze.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 22:25, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:ES-GeoLogo.jpg
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Image:Ambrosixelaia.gif listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Ambrosixelaia.gif, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Calliopejen1 19:03, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Jvari.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jvari.jpg. I noticed the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

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Image:GeorgianAlphabet.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:GeorgianAlphabet.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. GRISHA23 21:28, 8 October 2007 (UTC) I added  this image into the deletion list. theres a mistake on it

Unspecified source for Image:Dadeshkeliani.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Dadeshkeliani.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 03:49, 7 November 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Jusjih 03:49, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:NikoMuskhelishvili.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it might be deleted by adminstrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 15:15, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:26.05.1918.jpg
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Proposed deletion of Georgian National Section of EUROSCIENCE
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ARE YOU CRAZY ? IDIOT KARTVEL.LAZS ARENT KARTVEL!!! WHAT IS KARTVELIAN(GEORGIAN) LANGUAGES ? ONLY SOUTH CAUCASIAN LANGAUGES —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.184.248.228 (talk) 18:09, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

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სურათის დადების შესახებ
გამარჯობათ. არის ოჯახური ფოტოები. ავტორი უცნობია. 70 წლის ფოტო არ არის. როგორ დაიდოს ვიკიპედიაში? Leo.Leonid (talk) 18:32, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Levzur


text:
Fisherman's Friend

Fisherman's Friend is a brand of strong menthol lozenges manufactured by the Lofthouse company in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England.

History
Fisherman's Friend was originally developed by pharmacist James Lofthouse in 1865 to relieve various respiratory problems suffered by fishermen working in the extreme conditions of the northern deep-sea fishing grounds. Though he developed it as an extremely strong liquid remedy containing menthol and eucalyptus oil, Lofthouse later made the liquid into small lozenges, which were easier to transport and administer. According to the manufacturer, the fishermen began to refer to the lozenges as "friends", hence the name.

The company expanded its reach after the 1963 marriage of Doreen and Tony Lofthouse, a grandson of the founder, following which Doreen became a director; it transitioned from direct sales to stocking by retailers and subsequently spread abroad, initially to Norway in 1974, and different flavours were added to appeal to regional tastes. The shape of the lozenges was reportedly based on the buttons of a dress worn by Mrs Lofthouse.

British prime minister Margaret Thatcher is said to have used the product when her throat became strained from public speaking. French president Emmanuel Macron uses them too: "He finds his energy in les Fisherman's, those lozenges which rip your throat out. He keeps them in his pockets and in the car-seats. When speaking publicly, he needs water, some slices of lemon and a small dish of Fisherman's. During the Presidential campaign, he was reported to have devoured crates of them, delivered to his campaign headquarters."

The lozenges are relatively unchanged since their creation. The original paper packets later became foil-lined and packaged in a cardboard carton.

Lofthouse of Fleetwood has won the Queen's Award to Industry for Export Achievement on three occasions.

Availability
Fisherman's Friends are available in a variety of flavours. Some flavours are sugar-free, for which the bags are striped.

Containing sugar

 * Original Extra Strong (called Eucalyptus in Germany) – White pack
 * Aniseed – Gold pack
 * Mint – Green pack

Sugar-free

 * Original Extra Strong (called Eucalyptus in Germany) – White and blue pack
 * Lemon – White and yellow pack
 * Blackcurrant – White and dark purple pack
 * Mint – White and light green pack
 * Apple – White, green and orange pack (only in Indonesia)
 * Apple and Cinnamon – White and mid-green, or white and moss green, or white, green and orange pack
 * Salmiak – White and black pack
 * Cherry – White and dark red pack
 * Mandarin and Ginger, or Spicy Mandarin, or Mandarin and Grapefruit, or Mandarin, or Orange Spice – White and dark orange pack
 * Grapefruit – White and coral pack
 * Sweet Liquorice – White and brown pack
 * Tropical – White and amber pack
 * Spearmint – White and teal pack
 * Citrus – White and lime green pack
 * Honey and Lemon – White and beige pack
 * Sweet Lime – White and yellow to light green pack
 * Raspberry – White and dark pink pack
 * Mixed Berries – White, red and purple pack
 * Sage – White and light purple pack (only in Germany)
 * Salmiak and Raspberry – White, dark pink and black pack (only in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway)
 * Cola - White and Brown pack

Chocolate Mint
Chocolate Mint flavours:
 * Chocolate Mint
 * Chocolate Mint Cherry
 * Chocolate Mint Orange
 * Chocolate Mint Salted Caramel

Other flavours of sweets

 * Pro Fresh from Fisherman's Friend
 * Vanilla Mint
 * Peppermint
 * Strawberry
 * Blueberry
 * Lemon And Lime
 * Melon
 * Orange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fisherman's Friend


text:
Quainton

Quainton (formerly Quainton Malet) is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England, 7 mi north-west of Aylesbury. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 1,295. The village has two churches (Anglican and Baptist), a school and one public house. The location means that while many commute to London, others are employed in neighbouring towns and villages. Its name is Old English and means Queen's Estate (cwen tun). It is not known to which queen this refers, but possibly the Queen was Edith, the wife of Edward the Confessor. Known as "Fair Edith" she held manors in this part of Buckinghamshire, including a hunting lodge at Mentmore. Edward the Confessor had a palace at nearby Brill.

The former suffix Malet refers to the Malet family who were lords of the manor from 1066 until about 1348. At least one member went on the crusades, and had associations with the Hospitallers, the organization credited with rebuilding Quainton church circa 1340. The Hospitallers erected the cross on the village green, the base and shaft of which still remain. The village green in the centre of the village has grouped around it some of the half-timbered thatched cottages for which the village is known.

The parish church is dedicated to St Mary and the Holy Cross. It is a 14th-century building of the style of gothic architecture known as Decorated. The west tower was built later in the 15th century. The church contains many memorial brasses and sculpture, including the 1689 tomb of Sir Richard Winwood carved by Thomas Stayner. The stone effigies depict the deceased lying in full armour, while his widow, Ann, who paid for the tomb, rests beside him, half sitting regarding her husband. In the chancel are a reredos and sedilia by William White who was responsible for the heavy Victorian restoration and rebuilding of the chancel in 1877. The church also contains Victorian stained glass windows. Richard Brett, a former rector of Quainton and one of the translators of the King James Version of the Bible, is buried in the chancel.

Close by the church is the former rectory, a large house described by Pevsner as of vitreous red brick. The principal facade has a three–bayed centre and two canted bays. The house contains 16th-century linenfold panelling.

The Winwood Almshouses, still inhabited, were built to house the poor, their gothic style of architecture belying the construction date of 1687. They are a terrace of eight small cottages, one storey high with a row of dormers in the attics. These attic windows have alternating small and large gables. The terrace is decorated by two porches, with a plaque above. The almshouses are further adorned by diagonally placed chimney stacks.

One of the most visible buildings is the 70 ft high Quainton Windmill, built in 1830–32. Derelict for the greater part of the 20th century it was restored in 1997 and can grind wheat into flour. Further restoration continues.

The local headquarters for the RSPCA are in the parish, outside the village.

Quainton has a mix of old and new dwellings.

Located just out from Quainton beyond the church is what was, at one point, one of the largest beef cattle farms in Buckinghamshire, Denham Farm. This ceased being a going farm towards the end of 1990s and it is now a house.

Education
Quainton Church of England Combined School is a mixed Church of England primary school. It is a voluntary controlled school, which takes children from 4 to 11. The school currently has around 185 pupils.

Transport
Quainton's nearest National Rail station is Aylesbury Vale Parkway, about 5 miles away. Quainton was once linked to London by train from Quainton Road station to Marylebone and Baker Street; in the opposite direction travel was available to Rugby, Verney Junction and elsewhere. Passenger services ceased in 1963, but trains from Aylesbury run to connect with events at the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre at Quainton Road station on some Bank Holidays. The station was also once a junction for the light railway (closed in 1936), sometimes known as the Brill Tramway, connecting Quainton with Brill.
 * Rail

Quainton is served by Arriva's 16 service between Aylesbury and Steeple Claydon via Aylesbury Vale Parkway station. There are nine buses daily in each direction on Mondays to Fridays and a reduced service on Saturdays.
 * Buses

Notable people

 * Hilda Mary Woods MBE (1892–1971), statistician
 * Joseph Mayett, 1783–1839, Autobiography, Joseph Mayett of Quainton
 * Ruth Goodman (1963-) (historian and television presenter)
 * Mark Smith (1965-), The Man in Seat Sixty-One

title: Quainton


text:
Transverse flute

A transverse flute or side-blown flute is a flute which is held horizontally when played. The player blows across the embouchure hole, in a direction perpendicular to the flute's body length.

Transverse flutes include the Western concert flute, the Irish flute, the Indian classical flutes (the bansuri and the venu), the Chinese dizi, the Western fife, a number of Japanese fue, and Korean flutes such as daegeum, junggeum and sogeum.

title: Transverse flute


text:
South Sulawesi

South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital and largest city is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi to the north, the Gulf of Bone and Southeast Sulawesi to the east, Makassar Strait to the west, and Flores Sea to the south.

The 2010 census estimated the population as 8,032,551, which makes South Sulawesi the most populous province on the island (46% of the population of Sulawesi is in South Sulawesi), and the sixth most populous province in Indonesia. At the 2020 Census, this had risen to 9,073,509, and the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 9,362,290 (comprising 4,651,180 males and 4,711,110 females). The main ethnic groups in South Sulawesi are the Buginese, Makassarese and Toraja. The economy of the province is based on agriculture, fishing, and the mining of gold, magnesium, iron, and other metals. The pinisi, a traditional Indonesian two-masted sailing ship, is still used widely by the Buginese and Makassarese, mostly for inter-insular transportation, cargo, and fishing purposes within the Indonesian archipelago.

During the golden era of the spice trade, from the 15th to 19th centuries, South Sulawesi served as the gateway to the Maluku Islands. There were several small kingdoms, including two prominent ones, the Kingdom of Gowa near Makassar and the Bugis kingdom located in Bone. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) began operating in the region in the 17th century. VOC later allied with the Bugis prince, Arung Palakka, and they defeated the kingdom of Gowa. The king of Gowa, Sultan Hasanuddin was forced to sign a treaty that greatly reduced the power of Bungaya Gowa.

History

Sulawesi was first inhabited by humans around 30,000 years ago. The archaeological remains of the earliest inhabitants were discovered in caves near limestone hills around Maros, about 30 km northeast of Makassar. Pebble and flake stone tools have been collected from the river terraces in the valley of Walanae, among Soppeng and Sengkang, including the bones from giant pig and elephant species that are now extinct. Handprint paintings, estimated to be around 35,000 to 40,000 years old, have been found in the Pettakere cave, located 12 km from the town of Maros and 30 km from Makassar.

The increase in commerce due to the rise of external demand for South Sulawesi rice encouraged major agricultural expansion and political centralization in the early 14th century. Swidden agriculture was increasingly replaced with intensive wet rice cultivation, leading to a rise in population density. New settlements were founded in the interior part of the peninsula as pristine forests were cleared. These changes accompanied the rise of new interior agricultural policies, such as the Bugis chiefdoms of Boné and Wajoq, as well as the Makassar polity of Gowa.

By the early 16th century, Boné had assumed a paramount position in the eastern part of the peninsula, while the Makassar twin kingdoms of Gowa and Talloq started to expand their influence throughout the western part. Their competition for hegemony over South Sulawesi caused Gowa-Talloq and Boné to clash in the 1560s.

In 1582, Boné, Soppéng, and Wajoq signed a mutual defense pact known as the Treaty of Timurung. The alliance also referred to as the Tellumpocco ("Three Powers", lit. "Three Peaks"), sought to stop Gowa's expansionism and to reclaim the autonomy of the Bugis polities under Gowa's vassalage. Gowa's campaigns against the alliance in 1582, 1585, and 1588 were all successfully repulsed, with another one in 1590 abandoned following the death of Gowa's ruler. By the early 17th century, however, Gowa and Talloq had become the dominant powers in South Sulawesi as they supported international commerce and embraced Islam. Gowa waged successful campaigns against the Bugis kingdoms, defeating Soppéng in 1609, Wajoq in 1610, and Boné in 1611.

The Dutch East India Company (VOC) began operating in the region in the 17th century and saw the Kingdom of Gowa as an obstacle to its desire to control the spice trade in this area. VOC later allied with the Bugis prince, Arung Palakka, who was living in exile after the fall of the Bugis. After a year-long battle, they defeated the kingdom of Gowa. And the king of Gowa, Sultan Hasanuddin was forced to sign a treaty greatly reducing the power of Bungaya Gowa. Furthermore, Palakka became ruler in South Sulawesi.

A Bugis queen later emerged to lead the resistance against the Dutch, who were busy dealing with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, but after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch returned to South Sulawesi and eradicated the queen's rebellion. However resistance of the Bugis people against colonial rule continued until 1905. In 1905, the Dutch also managed to conquer Tana Toraja.

Before the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, South Sulawesi consisted of several independent kingdoms' territory and was inhabited by four ethnic groups namely the Bugis, Makassar, Mandar, and Toraja.

On June 16, 2022, a tornado struck the province, damaging 63 homes. One man died of a stress-induced medical issue during the tornado, but was not a direct tornado-related fatality.

Geography
South Sulawesi is located at 4°20'S 120°15'E and covers a land area of 45,330.55 square kilometres. The province is bordered by Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi to the north, the Gulf of Bone and Southeast Sulawesi to the east, Makassar Strait to the west, and Flores Sea to the south.

Administrative divisions
Five years after independence, the government issued Law No. 21 of 1950, which became the basis of the legal establishment of what was then the Sulawesi province. Ten years later, the government passed Law No. 47 of 1960 which endorsed the formation of the South/Southeast Sulawesi province. Four years after that, with Act No. 13 of 1964, the provinces of South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi were separated. Forty years later, the South Sulawesi government was split into two, with the regencies of Majene, Mamasa, Mamuju, Pasangkayu, and Polewali Mandar being separated off into a new West Sulawesi province on 5 October 2004 under Act No. 26 of 2004.

The remaining South Sulawesi Province is divided into 21 regencies and three independent cities.

The province comprises three of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council. The South Sulawesi I Electoral District consists of 5 regencies (Bantaeng, Jeneponto, Takalar, Gowa, and Selayar Islands), together with the city of Makassar, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. The South Sulawesi II Electoral District consists of 8 regencies (Bulukumba, Sinjai, Maros, Pangkajene and Islands, Barru, Bone, Soppeng, and Wajo), together with the city of Parepare, and elects 9 members to the People's Representative Council. The South Sulawesi III Electoral District consists of 8 regencies (Sidenrang Rappang, Pinrang, Enrekang, Luwu, Tana Toraja, North Toraja, North Luwu, and East Luwu), together with the city of Palopo, and elects 7 members to the People's Representative Council.

Ethnic groups
South Sulawesi has a diverse range of ethnic groups. The main three are:
 * The Buginese (Suku Bugis) are the largest ethnic group in South Sulawesi, comprising almost 4 million people. These people inhabit the middle of the southern peninsula of South Sulawesi. Many of these people have migrated to the outer islands around Sulawesi, even as far as Malaysia.
 * The Makassarese (Suku Makassar) are the second largest ethnic group in South Sulawesi. Their language is Makassar. Makassar people inhabit the southern part of the southern peninsula of South Sulawesi including the Jeneponto, Takalar, Bulukumba, Bantaeng, Gowa and Maros Regencies, Pangkajene and Islands, and Makassar city. The total population is over 2 million people.
 * The Torajan (Suku Toraja) are the indigenous ethnic group that inhabits the mountainous northern region of the province, comprising Tana Toraja ("Land of Toraja") and North Toraja Regencies.

Language
There are various languages and dialects spoken in South Sulawesi. The majority of them belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian languages. Below is the list of major languages spoken in the province.

 * Makassarese is spoken in the southwestern part of the province, including the city of Makassar. It has a total of 2.1 million speakers.
 * Buginese is spoken in an area stretching from Pinrang in the northwest to Bulukumba in the southeast. This language is the predominant language used by many communities in South Sulawesi. It is natively spoken by around 5 million people as a first language, plus 500,000 as second language speakers, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in both South Sulawesi and the island of Sulawesi.
 * The Tae' language is mostly spoken in Tana Luwu, the region in the northeast of the province comprising the Luwu, North Luwu, and East Luwu Regencies, together with Palopo city. It had approximately 400,000 native speakers in 2020.
 * The Toraja language is the native language of Tana Toraja, comprising Tana Toraja Regency and Toraja Utara Regency. It has a total of over 800,000 speakers.
 * Mandar, Mamuju, and Pattae' are the languages spoken by the Mandar people in the province of West Sulawesi, especially in Mamuju, Polewali Mandar, Majene, and Pasangkayu Regencies. In addition to the core in the tribal areas, they are also scattered in coastal parts of South Sulawesi. It is spoken by around 400,000 people.
 * The Duri language is a language spoken in the north of Mount Bambapuang, Enrekang, and into the border of Tana Toraja. There are an estimated around 130,000 native speakers. It is the prestige variety of the Massenrempulu languages.
 * The Konjo language is divided into two groups: the Coastal Konjo language and the Highland Konjo language. The Coastal Konjo live in coastal areas, notably the Bulukumba area, in the southeastern corner of the southern part of the island of Sulawesi. The Mountain Konjo lives in the mountains of southeastern Sulawesi, around Bawakaraeng. It has a total of almost 300,000 native speakers.

In 2010 there were 3,921,543 males and 4,111,008 females with 1,848,132 housing units, with an average of 4.34 people per unit versus the national average of 3.86. Some 13.3 percent of the population was under the national poverty line.

 * The Human Development Index (HDI) for South Sulawesi in 2008 reached 70.22.
 * Life expectancy was 69.60 in 2008.
 * The poor population was at 12.31 percent in 2009, amounting to 963.6 thousand persons.
 * There was an unemployment rate of 8.90 percent in 2009, amounting to 296,559 people.

Religion
The main religion in South Sulawesi is Islam at 89.62% (7,200,938). Other major religions include Protestantism 7.62% (612,751), Roman Catholicism 1.54% (124,255), Buddhism 0.24% (19,867), Hinduism 0.72% (58,393), and Confucianism 0.004% (367).

Economy
The Sulawesi economy grew by 7.78 percent in 2008 and grew by 6.20 percent in 2009. Economic Growth in the First Quarter of 2010 reached 7.77 percent. The GDP in 2009 (ADHK) amounted to Rp 47.31 trillion and 99.90 Trillion (ADHB).

Natural resources

As one of the national rice granaries, South Sulawesi annually produces 2,305,469 tons of rice. Of that amount, rice designated for local consumption is around 884,375 tons and 1,421,094 tons of reserves remain for distribution to other eastern areas. Rice is even exported to Malaysia, to the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. The locations of the largest rice production are in the Bone regency, in Soppeng, in Wajo, in Sidrap, in Pinrang, and Luwu (Bodowasipilu Area).

Food

In addition to corn, the South Sulawesi region also produces cassava, sweet potatoes, green beans, peanuts, and soybeans. Some luxuries such as hybrid coconuts, cocoa, coffee, pepper, vanilla, tea, cashews, and cotton are also produced. The Tata Guna Horan Agreement (TGHK) of 2004 protects a lot of the forest in South Sulawesi creating a limited output of timber-related products.

Tuna and snapper-grouper are caught in large proportions and seaweed is grown to eat. Farms also have all of the typical animals such as chickens, cows, pigs, goats, etc.

Mining
One of the factors that contributes to the high GRDP of South Sulawesi is the mining sector. Nickel, gold, magnesium, iron, granite, lead, and stone products are mined.

Transportation

Trans-Sulawesi Railway is being constructed. It will connect Makassar and Parepare. 44 km of the railway, connecting Barru to Palanro is targeted to operate in the end of 2018. The entire Makassar-Parepare railway, with a length of 150 km, will be completed in 2019.

Airports in South Sulawesi include Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport (Makassar), Palopo Lagaligo Airport (Palopo), Pongtiku Airport (Tana Toraja), and Haji Aroepala Airport (Selayar), Andi Jemma Airport (Masamba), Soroako Airport (Soroako).

Ports include Soekarno-Hatta (Makassar), Tanjung Ringgit (Palopo), Nusantara, (Pare-Pare) and Pattumbukang (Selayar).

Philosophy

 * Siri Na Pacce (ᨔᨗᨑᨗ ᨊ ᨄᨌᨙ) is one cultural philosophy of the Bugis-Makassar Society which must be upheld. If one is a siri' na pacce (not a person), then that person does not exceed the behavior of animals, because it has no sense of shame, self-esteem, and social concerns. The people of Bugis-Makassar teach morality in the form of advice about decency, prohibition, and the rights and obligations that dominate human action to preserve and defend himself and his honor. They have a very strong relationship with the view of Islam in terms of spirituality, where the strength of the soul can conquer the body. The core concept of siri' na pacce covers all aspects of community life and is the identity of the Bugis-Makassar.
 * Siri Nipakasiri (ᨔᨗᨑᨗ ᨊᨗᨄᨀᨔᨗᨑᨗ) occurs when someone insulted or treated someone outside the boundaries of reasonableness. Then he or his family had to enforce siri' (ᨔᨗᨑᨗ) to restore the honour that has been deprived of, if not it would be called "mate siri' (ᨆᨈᨙ ᨔᨗᨑᨗ)" or dead status and dignity as a human being. The Bugis-Makassar would rather die than live without siri'.
 * Siri Masiri (ᨔᨗᨑᨗ ᨆᨔᨗᨑᨗ) is a way of life that intends to maintain, improve, or achieve a feat performed by earnest and hard.

Traditional costume
Baju Bodo (ᨅᨍᨘ ᨅᨚᨉᨚ) [ Mks ] or Waju Tokko (ᨓᨍᨘ ᨈᨚᨀᨚ) [ Bug ] is the traditional costume of the women. Baju Bodo is rectangular and is usually short sleeved. According to customs, every color of the clothes worn by women shows the age or the dignity of the wearer. Clothing is often used for ceremonies such as weddings. But now, Baju Bodo is worn in other events such as dance competitions or to welcome guests.

Traditional dance
The traditional dance in South Sulawesi is a combination of dance elements in the form of movement, music, lighting and fashion used by dancers. The combination tells the message about the story of the habits of the community in the past. Like there is a dance that tells about the war, an expression of community excitement and welcoming guests.

In this case, the Bugis-Makassar tribe, whose numbers dominate in representing dance styles in South Sulawesi. However, the Toraja also have many traditional dances that are ritualistic. Some Mandar tribes also inhabit this province and have their own uniqueness in the arts. The rest are tribes of Duri, Pattinjo, Maiwa, Endekan, Pattae, and Ammatoa Kajang, who also paint the distinctive art of South Sulawesi.

Traditional ship
The pinisi or phinisi (ᨄᨗᨊᨗᨔᨗ) is a traditional Indonesian two-masted sailing ship. It was mainly built by the Konjo tribe, a sub-ethnic group but was, and still is used widely by the Buginese and Makassarese, mostly for inter-insular transportation, cargo, and fishing purposes within the Indonesian archipelago.

The hull of the ships looks similar to that of a dhow while the fore-and-aft rigging is similar to that of western schooners, although it might be more correctly termed to resemble a ketch, as the front mast is the larger. The large mainsails differ from western style gaff rigs though, as they often do not have a boom and the sail is not lowered with the gaff. Instead it is reefed towards the mast, much like a curtain, thus allowing the gaff to be used as deck crane in the harbor. The lower part of the mast itself may resemble a tripod or is made of two poles. Pinisi may be 20 to 35 meters long and can weigh up to 350 tons. The masts may be as high as 30 meters above the deck.

Traditional houses
South Sulawesi has three types of traditional houses. The most known are the Rumah Panggung (Balla/Bola) from Bugis Makassar and the Tongkonan from Toraja.
 * Rumah Panggung ( Balla ᨅᨒ [ Mks ] / Bola ᨅᨚᨒ [ Bug ] ) Some of the considerations for the building of the house are should it face the sunrise, overlook a plateau, or overlook a cardinal direction.

Usually a good day or a month to build the house is determined by those who have the skill in that regard. Building the house is preceded by a ritual ceremony.

 * Tongkonan is the traditional ancestral house, or rumah adat of the Torajan people. Tongkonan have a distinguishing boat-shaped and oversized saddleback roof. Like most of Indonesia's Austronesian-based traditional architecture, tongkonan are built on piles. The construction of a tongkonan is laborious work and it is usually built with the help of all of one's family members. In the original Toraja society, only nobles had the right to build tongkonan while commoners lived in smaller and less decorated homes called banua.

Traditional food

Rice and other crops such as bananas are abundant so almost all dishes are, like the Bugis Makassar cake, made from rice and bananas. Coastal areas of South Sulawesi eat Bolu (milkfish), Shrimp, Sunu (grouper), and Crab.

In South Sulawesi, the traditional food is diverse, ranging from soup to traditional cakes.

Traditional game
Mallogo is a traditional game similar to golf, played with a coconut shell and bamboo.

Traditional weapons

 * Badik (ᨅᨉᨗ) [ Mks ] or Kawali (ᨀᨓᨒᨗ) [ Bug ] A badik is a knife with a specific form developed by the Bugis and Makassar. The Badik is sharp, single or double sided, and has a length of about half a meter. Like with a kris, the blade shape is asymmetric and often decorated with prestige. However, different from the kris, the badik never had a ganja (buffer strip). Some versions from Sulawesi are decorated with inlaid gold figure on the blade called jeko. The handle is made of wood, horn or ivory in a shape of a pistol grip at a 45° to 90° angle and is often decorated with carvings. From Sulawesi, the badik soon spread to neighbouring islands like Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and as far as the Malay Peninsula, creating a wide variety of badik according to each region and ethnic group.

As with other blades in the Malay Archipelago, traditionally-made badik are believed to be imbued with a supernatural force during the time of their forging. The pamor in particular is said to affect its owner, bringing either well-being and prosperity or misfortune and poverty. Aside from being used as a weapon and hunting tool, the badik is a symbol of cultural identity in Sulawesi. The Bugis and Makassar people still carry badik as part of their daily attire. The badik is worn on the right side, with the butt end of the handle pointing to the rear.

title: South Sulawesi


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Macassar

Macassar, Makassar or Makasar may refer to:

Places, people, language

 * Makassar, a city in Indonesia
 * Makassar Strait, a strait in Indonesia
 * Makassar people, ethnic group inhabiting the southern part of the South Peninsula, in Sulawesi
 * Makassarese language, also known as Makassar - one of a group of languages known as Makassaric languages
 * Makasar script, historical letters used to write Makassarese language
 * Makasar (Unicode block)

Place names derived from original

 * Pante Macassar, a city in East Timor
 * Makasar, Jakarta, a district of East Jakarta, Indonesia
 * Macassar, Western Cape, a town in South Africa
 * Macassar Village, Western Cape, an informal settlement in South Africa
 * Macassar, Mozambique, a village in north-eastern Mozambique

Other

 * Macassar oil, a hair oil
 * Antimacassar, a cloth to protect chairs against soiling by the oil
 * Diospyros celebica or Makassar ebony, a species of flowering tree in the family Ebenaceae, endemic to the island of Sulawesi
 * Makassar-class landing platform dock, a class of amphibious warfare ships
 * "Makassar", a song by Al Bano and Romina Power

Media

 * Kompas TV Makassar, previously named Makassar TV, regional television in Makassar, Indonesia
 * Auntie Macassar, clown character from The Big Comfy Couch TV show seasons 1–5

title: Macassar