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Oracle Park

Oracle Park is a baseball stadium in the SoMa district of San Francisco, California. Since 2000, it has been the ballpark of Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants. Previously named Pacific Bell Park, SBC Park, and AT&T Park, the stadium's current name was purchased by the Oracle Corporation in 2019.

The stadium stands along the San Francisco Bay; the section of the bay beyond Oracle Park's right field wall is unofficially known as McCovey Cove, in honor of former Giants player Willie McCovey.

Oracle Park has also hosted professional and collegiate American football games. The stadium was the home of the annual college postseason bowl game now known as the Redbox Bowl from its inaugural playing in 2002 until 2013, and also served as the temporary home for the University of California's football team in 2011. Professionally, it was the home of the San Francisco Demons of the XFL and the California Redwoods of the United Football League.

Public transit access to the stadium is provided within San Francisco by Muni Metro or Muni Bus, from the Peninsula and Santa Clara Valley via Caltrain, and from parts of the Bay Area across the water via various ferries of San Francisco Bay. The Muni 2nd and King Station is directly outside the ballpark, the 4th & King Caltrain station is 1.5 blocks from the stadium, and the Oracle Park Ferry Terminal is outside the eastern edge of the ballpark beyond the center field bleachers.

Design and construction
Originally designed to be a 42,000-seat stadium, there were slight modifications before the final design was complete. When the ballpark was brought to the ballot box in the fall of 1996 for voter approval, the stadium was 15° clockwise from its current position. The center-field scoreboard was atop the right-field wall, with the Giants Pavilion Building being in two separate buildings. Groundbreaking on the ballpark began on December 11, 1997, in the industrial waterfront area of San Francisco known as China Basin in the up-and-coming neighborhoods of South Beach and Mission Bay. The stadium cost $357 million to build and supplanted the Giants' former home, Candlestick Park, a multi-use stadium in southeastern San Francisco that was also home to the NFL's San Francisco 49ers until 2014, when they relocated to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara. A team of engineers from UC Davis was consulted in the design process of the park, resulting in wind levels that are approximately half those at Candlestick. But due to Oracle Park's location at San Francisco Bay, cold fog and temperatures in summer months are still not unusual at Giants games, despite reduced wind levels.

When it opened on March 31, 2000, the ballpark was the first MLB ballpark built without public funds since the completion of Dodger Stadium in 1962. However, the Giants did receive a $10 million tax abatement from the city and $80 million for upgrades to the local infrastructure (including a connection to the Muni Metro). The Giants have a 66-year lease on the 12.5 acre ballpark site, paying $1.2 million in rent annually to the San Francisco Port Commission. The park opened with a seating capacity of 40,800, but this has increased over time as seats have been added. In April 2010, the stadium became the first MLB ballpark to receive LEED Silver Certification for Existing Buildings, Operations and Maintenance.

Following the 2019 season, the organization began the process of relocating the bullpens from the first and third base foul lines to behind the outfield walls in center and right-centerfield. The motivation was two-fold: to address player safety issues that had arisen over the years by having the bullpen mounds in the field of play, and to slightly alter the dimensions of the park to perhaps increase, if ever-so-slightly, the potential for home runs in certain areas of the outfield, most notably in right-center field, affectionately known as Triples Alley (a design feature meant as an homage to the centerfield depth of the Giants former home in New York, The Polo Grounds). Prior to these modifications, multiple players both home and away had experienced various levels of injury sustained by tripping over the bullpen mounds while chasing foul balls. Most notably, former Giants outfield prospect Mac Williamson sustained a concussion during such a play that significantly altered his season.

Naming rights
On April 3, 1996, Pacific Bell, a telephone company serving California based in San Francisco, purchased the naming rights for the planned ballpark for $50 million for 24 years. The stadium was named Pacific Bell Park, or Pac Bell Park for short.

Just days before the sponsorship was announced, SBC Communications had announced their intention to acquire Pacific Bell's parent company, Pacific Telesis, a deal which closed in April 1997. SBC eventually stopped using the Pacific Bell name for marketing, and reached an agreement with the Giants to change the stadium's name to SBC Park on January 1, 2004.

After SBC bought AT&T Corporation on November 18, 2005, the name of the merged company became AT&T Inc. As a result, in 2006 the stadium was given its third name in six years: AT&T Park. On January 9, 2019, it was reported that AT&T had given the Giants the option of ending the naming deal a year early, if the team could quickly find a new partner. The Giants and Oracle Corporation came to a rapid agreement, with the old AT&T Park signs being replaced with temporary Oracle Park banners on January 10.

2020 renovations
The Giants renovated the center field section of Oracle Park between October 2019 and June 2020. The bullpens were moved from foul territory into center field, so the Giants decided to make their garden smaller to fit the bullpens behind the center-field wall. With this renovation, the dimensions of the park have slightly shrunk. Left-center was trimmed down from 404 feet to 399 feet, right-center (known as Triples Alley) was trimmed down from 421 feet to 415 feet (to represent the San Francisco area code), and dead-center was trimmed down from 399 feet to 391 feet, making it the second shortest dead-center field distance in MLB, behind only Fenway Park in Boston. With this renovation, approximately 650 bleacher seats had to be removed, so the two terraces could be built for fans to watch the relief pitchers warm-up from up close. The center field wall shortened from eight feet to seven feet, but after the Giants first exhibition of the 2020 season, the dead-center field part of the wall (covering the garden) was raised from seven feet to ten feet to improve visibility to the hitter.

Despite having the unique moniker of the least home-run friendly field over several seasons prior to the renovations, it is believed that these renovations were made to increase home run output from the Giants. The MLB has seen a surge in home run production in recent years, and the Giants consistently ranked well towards the bottom in this category in large part because of Oracle Park's extreme advantage to pitchers. This hurt the run production of Giants players and also discouraged power hitters from wanting to play for the Giants. From 2017 to 2019, one of the common criticisms of the Giants was their lack of offensive output and unwillingness to adjust to a home run-heavy offense. However, the Giants significantly improved in 2020, the first year the dimensions were moved in. Things would trend upward with a massive bounce-back season in 2021; several Giants such as Brandon Belt and Mike Yastrzemski fueled the offense with more home runs, especially to a shortened triple's alley (which was infamous for turning what would be a long HR in several ballparks into deep 420-foot+ flyouts, killing several promising San Francisco scoring opportunities in the past). Oracle Park still ranks towards the bottom of the home run category, but this designation is not as consistent anymore.

During the 2023-24 offseason, the Giants installed new programmable LED lighting technology providing full color spectrum capabilities and motion lighting effects for Giants home runs, wins and other special occasions. Oracle Park became the first MLB ballpark to have spotlights, in the form of 12 advanced moving light features. Speaker upgrades were also done with the addition of subwoofers, allowing a more immersive audio experience.

Features
The stadium contains 68 luxury suites, 5,200 club seats on the club level, and an additional 1,500 club seats at the field level behind home plate.

On the facing of the upper deck along the left-field line are the retired numbers of Bill Terry, Mel Ott, Carl Hubbell, Monte Irvin, Will Clark, Willie Mays, Barry Bonds, Juan Marichal, Orlando Cepeda, Jackie Robinson, Willie McCovey, and Gaylord Perry, as well as the retired uniforms, denoted "NY", of Christy Mathewson and John McGraw who played or managed in the pre-number era. These two pre-number–era retired uniforms are among only six such retired uniforms in all of the Major Leagues.

Oracle Park has a reputation of being a pitcher's park and the most pitcher-friendly ballpark in the National League, because the depth of the outfield limits home runs, according to ESPN. ESPN's MLB Park Factors lists Oracle Park as having the fewest home runs per game 6 out of the past 7 years, the one exception coming in 2013, when it was the 3rd lowest.

Right field and McCovey Cove
The most prominent feature of the ballpark is the right-field wall, which is 24 ft high in honor of former Giants Willie Mays, who wore number 24. Because of the proximity to the San Francisco Bay, the right-field foul pole is only 309 ft from home plate, the shortest in the NL [only AL Fenway Park's is shorter, at 302 ft]. The wall is made of brick, with fenced-off archways opening to the Cove beyond, above which are several rows of arcade seating. The fence angles quickly away from home plate; right-center field extended out to 421 ft from home plate (changed with the 2020 renovations to 415 feet). Atop the fence are four fountain pillars. Jets of water burst from the four pillars at the end of the National Anthem, as well as when the Giants hit a home run or win a game.

The right field area was designed to resemble the Polo Grounds. This deep corner of the ballpark has been dubbed "Death Valley" and "Triples Alley." Like its Polo Grounds counterpart, it is very difficult to hit a home run to this area, and a batted ball that finds its way into this corner often results in a triple. It is 415 ft. Triples Alley is also infamous for bad bounces, most notably when Ichiro Suzuki hit the first-ever inside-the-park home run in an All-Star Game in 2007, by lining the ball off one of the archways and sideways past the outfielders. Nate Schierholtz performed the same feat in the 2009 season as a pinch hitter. Aubrey Huff did it again in the 2010 season, as did Conor Gillaspie in 2011. Ángel Pagán ended a game in May 2013 with a two-run walk-off (extra-inning, come-from-behind) inside-the-park home run, the first of its kind at the then-named AT&T Park.

Beyond right field is China Basin, a section of San Francisco Bay, which is dubbed McCovey Cove after famed Giants first baseman and left-handed slugger Willie McCovey, and into which a number of home runs have been hit on the fly. As of April 20, 2024, 103 "splash hits" have been knocked into the Cove by Giants players since the park opened; 35 of those were hit by Barry Bonds, who remains the only player to record two splash hits in the same game. The most recent splash hit occurred on April 20, 2024, by Patrick Bailey. These hits are tallied on an electronic counter on the right field wall. Opponents have hit the water on the fly 54 times; Todd Hundley of the Los Angeles Dodgers was the first visitor to do so on June 30, 2000. Curtis Granderson, Luis Gonzalez, Cliff Floyd, and Max Muncy are the only visiting players to do so twice. Carlos Delgado and Adam LaRoche have performed the feat thrice. Bryson Stott is the most recent visiting player to record a splash hit, doing so on September 3, 2022. On June 27, 2010, David Ortiz became the first American League player to hit a splash hit. Since then, the only other AL players who have are Mitch Moreland, Adam Dunn, Rougned Odor, and Shin-Soo Choo.

Behind the scoreboard in center field is a pier where ferries let fans off at the park. On game days, fans take to the water of McCovey Cove in boats often with fishing nets in the hope of collecting a home run ball. Just beyond the wall, behind the King Street ballpark, is a public waterfront promenade. Across the cove from the ballpark are McCovey Point and China Basin Park, featuring monuments to past Giants legends.

Rusty, the Coke bottle, and the glove
When the park opened in 2000, taking residence on the right field wall was Rusty the Mechanical Man, a two-dimensional, robotic baseball player that stood 14 ft tall and weighed $5 1/2$ tons. The Santa Clarita-based firm Technifex engineered, fabricated and programmed Rusty to appear after major plays during games as a fully animated giant 1920s-era tin toy. After technical problems arose with Rusty, it was removed from the wall, though the enclosure that housed him remained for years. In 2008, the enclosure was removed to make way for luxury boxes. Behind the left field bleachers is "The Coca-Cola Fan Lot". The ballpark features an 80 ft long Coca-Cola bottle with playground slides that light up with every Giants home run, and a miniature version of the stadium. Bubbles originally accompanied the bottle, but never worked as intended and were removed. Directly to the bottle's right from home plate is another oversized representation of a ballpark stalwart, the "Giant 1927 Old-Time Four-Fingered Baseball Glove"—this particular one is made of steel and fiberglass, which is behind the 501 ft sign. Behind and farther to the left is "The Little Giants Park", a miniature baseball diamond.

To the right of the glove sculpture is a large plaza area for functions and parties to be held during games. It is also the site of "Orlando's", the concessions stand of Giants great Orlando Cepeda. Right-center field features a retired San Francisco cable car numbered 44 (retired cable car #4, formerly #504) in honor of Giants great Willie McCovey. Originally, the cable car had a label that stated "No Dodgers Fans Allowed", as well as one end of the car numbered 24 in honor of Willie Mays and the other end numbered 44 in honor of Willie McCovey. The foghorn—a feature introduced at Candlestick Park by the current Giants ownership group – was transferred to Oracle and hung underneath the scoreboard. It blows when a Giants player hits a home run or at the conclusion of a Giants win.

@Café
Located behind the centerfield bleachers, the ballpark features the @Café, a social media café, which opened in the 2013 season. The cafe serves Peet's Coffee and features large screens that show off fans' social media posts from Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, which are curated by the Giants organization.

The cafe replaced a team-themed Build-A-Bear Workshop store, where fans could build their own stuffed Giants' mascot, Lou Seal, or create other Giants-themed stuffed animals.

Scoreboards
In addition to the automated scoreboards, which now include a new HD videoboard by Mitsubishi, the park has a manually-operated scoreboard on the right field wall, which displays all the scores of Major League Baseball games being played elsewhere. The manual scoreboards are operated by three employees, whose work on game days starts at least two hours before the first pitch. A members-only bar, Gotham Club, is located behind the manual scoreboard, complete with a bowling alley and pool tables. Former players and VIPs are the only patrons of this exclusive area. Five other ballparks also use hand-operated out-of-town scoreboards: Coors Field, Fenway Park, Minute Maid Park, Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum and Wrigley Field.

Wireless internet
Starting in 2004, the Giants installed 122 wireless internet access points, covering all concourses and seating areas, creating one of the largest public hotspots in the world at the time.

San Francisco Giants Wall of Fame
On September 23, 2008, the Giants Wall of Fame was unveiled on the King Street side of the ballpark, as part of the 50th-anniversary celebration of the Giants' move to San Francisco. 48 retired players were inducted, based on longevity and achievement. Eligibility requirements for players to be on the Wall are either a minimum of three seasons with three MLB All-Star selections in every season, five years as a San Francisco Giant with an MLB All-Star Game selection, nine seasons played with the team, or any player with three World Series rings as a Giant. Rich Aurilia and Shawn Estes were added in 2010. Jason Schmidt and Marvin Benard were added in 2011, and Barry Bonds was added in 2017.

Statues
Outside the ballpark are six statues, five of which are dedicated to San Francisco Giants all-time greats.

The Willie Mays statue is located in front of the ballpark entrance at 24 Willie Mays Plaza and is surrounded with 24 palm trees, in honor of his number 24 uniform, retired by the Giants. It was dedicated at noon on March 31, 2000, prior to the opening of the ballpark and was commissioned by Giants Managing Partner Peter Magowan.

Another statue was dedicated to Willie McCovey in 2003, and is located at McCovey Point across McCovey Cove. Around the statue are a number of plaques that celebrate the winners of the Willie Mac Award. The statue is located at China Basin Park next to the Barry Bonds Junior Giants Field, a T-ball park. Also located on the sea wall promenade are plaques showing the Opening Day roster of every Giants team from 1958 through 1999. Giants fans who contributed funds to China Basin Park had their own tiles with their own inscriptions set into the wall.

A third statue, dedicated in 2005, honors former Giants pitcher Juan Marichal, and is located outside the ballpark at the Lefty O'Doul Gate entrance.

The fourth and only non-human statue is located at the park's ferry plaza behind center field, also known as Seals Plaza. A statue of a seal bobbing a baseball on its nose honors the memory of the San Francisco Seals, the minor league baseball club that played before the arrival of the Giants in 1958.

On September 6, 2008, during a series against the Pittsburgh Pirates, a fifth statue depicting Giants great Orlando Cepeda was dedicated at the corner of 2nd Street and King Street, next to the ballpark. A sixth statue, dedicated on August 13, 2016, honors former Giants pitcher Gaylord Perry in the same location. All five player statues were created by sculptor William Behrends of North Carolina.

Left field Chevron banner and ground rule issues
One feature of the ballpark is the long-running Chevron advertisement located in left field, featuring an outline of the company's claymation Chevron Cars. The top 'roofs' of the cars (along with a dog and a surfboard hanging out a car window) are extended out, rendering it several inches higher than the wall base, creating a ground rules issue. Several instances where potential over-the-wall catches to take away home runs were thwarted have occurred because of the advertisement's top dimensions. One notable example of this occurred during Game 3 of the 2016 NLDS against the Chicago Cubs. Kris Bryant hit a ball well into left field, with Giants left fielder Gregor Blanco attempting a catch. The ball landed on the roof of one of the cars, past the wall, and out of his reach, rendering it a home run and tying the game in the top of the ninth inning (though the Giants would win the game in extra innings for their only win in the series).

2000s
The opening series took place April 11–13, 2000, against the Los Angeles Dodgers (the team the Giants faced in their final series at Candlestick Park), and the Giants were swept in three games. In the first game of that series, the Giants lost 6–5, highlighted by three home runs from the Dodgers' Kevin Elster. On May 1, 2000, Barry Bonds became the first player to hit a "splash hit" home run into McCovey Cove.

In just its first few years of existence, the ballpark saw its share of historic events primarily due to veteran Giants outfielder Barry Bonds. On April 17, 2001, Bonds hit his 500th career home run at then-Pacific Bell Park. Later that year, he set the single season home run record when he hit home runs number 71, 72, and 73 over the weekend of October 5 to close the season. On August 9, 2002, Bonds hit his 600th career home run at the park. On April 12, 2004, Bonds hit career home run 660 at SBC Park to tie Willie Mays for third on the all-time list and on the next night, he hit number 661 to move into sole possession of third place. On September 17, 2004, Bonds hit his 700th career home run at the park to become just the third member of baseball's 700 club. On May 28, 2006, Bonds hit his 715th home run at the park to pass Babe Ruth for second place on the all-time list. On August 7, 2007, Bonds hit his 756th home run, breaking Hank Aaron's record.

The park hosted games three through five of the 2002 World Series against the Anaheim Angels, which the Giants lost four games to three. It also hosted the 2007 MLB All-Star Game, which the American League won 5–4 over the National League.

On July 10, 2009, the Giants' Jonathan Sánchez pitched the first no-hitter.

2010s
On October 27 & 28, 2010, the Giants hosted the first two games of the World Series, beating the Texas Rangers in both games. They ultimately went on to win the series four games to one, their first championship since the team moved to San Francisco in 1958, though the clinching game was played at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington rather than at Oracle Park.

On June 13, 2012, Matt Cain threw the 22nd perfect game in MLB history—and first in Giants history—against the Houston Astros.

Oracle Park hosted Games 1 and 2 of the 2012 World Series on October 24 and 25. The Giants beat the Detroit Tigers twice, 8–3 and 2–0 respectively. The Giants would go on to win the 2012 World Series in a four-game sweep at Comerica Park.

The stadium hosted of the semifinal and final rounds of the 2013 World Baseball Classic on March 17–19.

On July 23, 2013, due to a previous rain-out in Cincinnati, Oracle Park served as the "home" venue of the Cincinnati Reds for the second game of a doubleheader against the Giants. Giants manager Bruce Bochy won his 1,500th career game.

On June 25, 2014, Tim Lincecum pitched the 3rd no-hitter at Oracle Park against the San Diego Padres in a 4–0 win. It was his 2nd no-hitter of his career, with both of them coming against the Padres.

Oracle Park hosted Games 3, 4, and 5 of the 2014 World Series on October 24, 25 and 26. The Giants beat the Kansas City Royals 2 out of the 3 games played at Oracle Park, losing Game 3, 3–2, before winning Games 4 and 5, 11–4 and 5–0 respectively. They ultimately went on to win the series in seven games, with the clinching game played at Kauffman Stadium rather than at Oracle Park. As of 2019, the Giants have not hosted a World Series clincher at Oracle Park, but they did host two at Candlestick Park: the first being in, which was won by the New York Yankees, and the second in , which the Oakland Athletics won in a four-game sweep.

On June 15, 2015, the Giants set a record for most consecutive home losses at Oracle Park at nine straight games with a 5–1 loss to the Seattle Mariners. This losing streak was the Giants' longest since an 11-game home loss streak at the Polo Grounds in New York in 1940.

From October 1, 2010, to July 18, 2017, Oracle Park recorded 530 consecutive sellouts, the second longest in Major League history behind Fenway Park's 794 consecutive sellouts from 2003 to 2013.

Non-baseball events
Giants Enterprises, a wholly owned subsidiary of the San Francisco Giants created and headed by longtime team executive Pat Gallagher, brings non-baseball events to Oracle Park on days when the Giants do not play. Prominent among these has been the usage of the stadium for football. It has also hosted a range of other sporting and musical events.

Football
The park was home to the XFL's San Francisco Demons in 2001, was the home of the East-West Shrine Game (until 2006), and was the former home stadium of the California Redwoods of the UFL in 2009.

From 2002 to 2013, it was also home to college football's Redbox Bowl when the game was known as the San Francisco Bowl, Emerald Bowl, and Fight Hunger Bowl. In 2011, Oracle Park became the temporary home football stadium for the California Golden Bears while Cal's on-campus stadium, California Memorial Stadium, underwent renovation.

Oracle Park also hosted its first high school football game in 2011, the Central Coast Section Division III football championship game between long-time San Francisco rivals St. Ignatius College Preparatory and Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory.

In January 2019, it was reported that the Oakland Raiders had considered temporarily moving to Oracle Park for the 2019 NFL season, as an interim measure before construction of a stadium in their new home city of Las Vegas was complete for 2020. However, the 49ers refused to waive their territorial rights, and the Raiders would ultimately reach an agreement with the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Authority to return to the Oakland Coliseum for the 2019 season with a provision for the 2020 season should construction of Allegiant Stadium be delayed.

Soccer
On February 10, 2006, the U.S. men's soccer team defeated Japan 3–2 at Oracle in a friendly.

A match of the 2011 World Football Challenge between Manchester City and Club America was held at Oracle, drawing a crowd of 11,250.

On March 17, 2012, the Houston Dynamo defeated the San Jose Earthquakes 1–0 in a regular season Major League Soccer match at Oracle.

On July 31, 2013, Everton defeated Juventus 6–5 on penalties after ending regulation tied 1-1 as part of the 2013 International Champions Cup.

Rugby
The stadium hosted the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens from July 20 to 22.

Monster Jam
Monster Jam attended the venue for four years in a row from 2004 to 2007. The tracks were usually wet due to the shows being held in the winter, of which rainfall is common on the west coast around those times. Monster Jam returns for the first time in 17 years in January 2024.

Other events
The stadium hosted an AMA Supercross Championship round from 2003 to 2010. Supercross will return for the first time in 14 years in January 2024.

The Mavericks big-wave surfing contest is broadcast live on the giant video display at Oracle Park when the event is held. In 2006, the park hosted ICER AIR the first stadium big-air ski and snowboard competition to be held in the United States.

San Francisco Opera partnered with Giants Enterprises to do three broadcasts, most recently Tosca, in June and September 2009.

In summer 2010, the park hosted an audition stop for the 2011 (10th) season of American Idol.

In October 2013, rapper Kanye West rented out the stadium and the scoreboard for a private event, which turned out to be an elaborate marriage proposal to his girlfriend, reality personality Kim Kardashian.

Starting in 2015, the stadium began hosting commencement exercises for San Francisco State University.

During the finale of The Amazing Race 30, the park was the first location visited by teams after they arrived in San Francisco, with teams having to find a clue next to the Willie Mays Statue and then kayaking for baseballs in McCovey Cove.

American singer-songwriter and actress Lady Gaga headlined Oracle Park on two occasions, in August 2017 on her Joanne World Tour, and once again in September 2022 during The Chromatica Ball. The latter concert became the highest grossing show in the stadium's history.

Korean female group BLACKPINK headlined Oracle Park on August 22, 2023 for their Born Pink World Tour making them the first female Korean group to sell out an MLB Stadium.

title: Oracle Park


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Talk:Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)

Accuracy
What an appallingly incorrect article - probably the worst I've seen in the whole of wikipedia.

This article is bullshit; the roots of the UK hardcore sound lie in the early breakbeat and early rave of 1989 - 1990. The Belgian sound around that time mutated into the 'Belgian Techno' scene with R&S being the key early label; the industrial techno and gabber sounds which began around 1992 followed on from the 1990-1991 early hardcore sound which was effectively a mixture of breakbeat, techno, house, UK bleep / bass music, and early trance influences. It is a direct product of the early house and techno scene. The Continental Europe-Centric nature of this article is pretty damn shocking, since dance music has been a global sound from the beginning. Of course, you can just keep it as 'it all started in the netherlands' and forget about the contribution made from countries such as the UK, USA, Italy, Belgium, even Canada, if you want to keep it as a terrible article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.25.18.250 (talk) 00:23, 2 May 2015 (UTC)

Furthermore the "white-washing" and attempt at revisionist history describing "techno" as a purely European phenomenon only emerging after electronic dance music was "ridden" of its Afro-American influence is utterly deplorable. It is well-established (as properly described in the main Wikipedia page for Techno) that the genre originated in Detroit, Michigan as pioneered by several African-American musicians who were influenced by Chicago house music as well as early electro (and yes, European electronic music such as Kraftwerk), among them Juan Atkins who invented the name "techno," inspired by Alvin Toffler. The imagined alternate history offered here is at best misleading; I want to assume that the authors meant "hardcore techno" where they typed simply "techno" in which case the sentence is nominally remedied by simply deleting that word. At worst, the article is either overtly or unintentionally racist in its mis-attribution. Possibly the truth lies somewhere in between and the authors are simply mind-bogglingly ignorant of the greater universe and storied history of techno beyond hardcore. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.177.252.55 (talk) 19:04, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Completely agree with both of these previous comments Altlondon (talk) 19:12, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Same here, this article needs a lot of work to fix it. As stated above, the 90-92 period, which had a lot of productions from Belgium, UK, Germany, USA, Italy and Netherlands, is very poorly described. Also, an adequate inclusion of this period requires a more broad definition of the genre, because saying that it has a distorted kick and above 160 BPM misleads the reader to think that hardcore techno is just Netherland's Gabber and its derivatives. That is conveniently narrow to that type of hardcore fans and very biased, and totally out of line for a wikipedia article, as it leaves out early hardcore styles that had a variety of rhythms akin to breakbeat, house/techno, new beat or EBM, being only slightly faster or heavier in the beats Neki9999 (talk) 23:05, 6 March 2022 (UTC)

Natural disambiguation of article title
Revisiting the unresolved article title situation and the tags in the article lede, hopefully we can avoid the awkward, current "electronic dance music genre" disambiguator. I'm saving some source material here:

 * https://books.google.com/books?id=qIdH2yR41bIC&q=%22hardcore%22

czar 03:18, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Yaba

Yaba or YABA may refer to:

People
Yaba is a female given name associated with the Akan people of West Africa, usually denoting a girl born on a Thursday.

 * Yaba Angelosi, South Sudanese American singer, songwriter, sound producer, film director, and entertainer
 * Yaba Badoe (born 1954), Ghanaian-British filmmaker, journalist and author
 * Yaba Blay (born 1974), Ghanaian-American professor, producer and publisher

Places

 * Yaba, Burkina Faso, the capital of Yaba Department
 * Yaba, Lagos, a suburb of Lagos, Nigeria
 * Yaba, Indonesia, a town in North Maluku, Indonesia

Other uses

 * Yaba or Ya ba, tablets of methamphetamine and caffeine popular in south-east Asia
 * Yaba monkey tumor virus

Acronyms

 * Young American Bowling Alliance, one of the organisations that merged to form the United States Bowling Congress in 2005
 * Albany Airport (Western Australia) in Albany, Western Australia
 * Yet Another Bloody Acronym, see

title: Yaba


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Talk:Ben Hogan

Weasel Words
Please do not say "one of the greatest players" without citations. Jbossbarr, June 10, 2007.

I'm sorry, he's one of 5 men to complete the career grand slam (To win all 4 majors), he is the man the developed the modern golf swing and his teachings are still used today, these aren't weasel words that need citation, this is a fact to anyone who knows golf history. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gjones77 (talk • contribs) 19:48, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Weight
Weight 140lbs? Is this an averages over his lifetime? What about a golfer who starts slim and gets "unslim" later on, or Jack Nicklaus who went in the other direction (beginning his career as "Ohio Fats" before becoming a rather slender chap in the 70s)

Place of Birth
Does anyone have a source for Stephenville, as opposed to Dublin?

Sure do, "An American Life, Ben Hogan"

His biography, just read it, great book.

Second World War
Someone's added it in, but I'm not sure that Hogan's career was affected by WWII?

I don't think he joined the military or anything. It certainly is the case that golf generally changed after c.1945, but I think Hogan was still playing during the war years?

He was second in the 1942 Masters for instance, and seems to have done well generally from '39 to '45 where Major Tournamnet play was on offer.

83.141.127.39 21:11, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Ben Hogan served in the Army Air Corps during WWII, but never left the US.

Perhaps Ben Hogan's greatest success was in winning the US Open 4 times. Due to WWII, the US Open was not held from 1942 to 1945. This certainly affected his career.John ISEM 13:54, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Win lists
The list of PGA Tour wins is based on the lists on his profile on the World Golf Hall of Fame site. There is a list of majors (9) and a list of other PGA titles (54). That adds up to 63, but sources generally agree that he won 64 PGA titles in total (including the retrospective designation of his Open Championship as a PGA Tour title). The discrepancy seems to be that the World Golf Hall of Fame's list does not have a comma between "Dallas Invitational" and "North and South Open" (which was played at Pinehurst, a course that is nowhere near Dallas) making it appear that he had 12 wins that year (including the PGA Championship). The fact that he actually had 13 is very well attested as it was the second winningmost year in PGA TOur history. I haven't been able to combine the two lists in line with normal practice on Wikipedia because I don't know where the majors fell in the chronology. Osomec 15:41, 31 March 2006 (UTC) Results Timeline for the majors is wrong: 1941 Masters = DNP. The Masters own website www.masters.org has him coming 4th that year. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.188.240.252 (talk) 00:40, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Another correction on the win list is the 1941 Asheville Open. This error is repeated on his PGA Tour stats page. According to the Wilmington Morning Star, March 31, 1941, FINAL EDITION, Page 6, it was the Asheville "Land of the Sky" Open. This was his second victory in a row at this event.
 * The Asheville Open was an LPGA event from 1957 to 1960. Tovias (talk) 09:04, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

The Non-Grand Slam of 1953
Is it possible to verify that the (British) Open and (US) PGA Championships of 1953 were played at the same time? I have heard this before, but I have also heard it being contradicted.

In any case, my understanding is that Hogan did not play the PGA Championship after his second victory in 1948 because, as a 36-hole-a-day matchplay event and in the aftermath of his crash, it was too strenuous for him. Indeed even before the crash, he had said that he would not play in it again (http://www.pga.com/pgachampionship/2004/history_1948.html)

In any case, the 1953 PGA Championship was played between July 1-7 (http://www.pga.com/pgachampionship/2004/history_1953.html) but I cannot find the date of the Open Championship.

The British Open was played July 6-10 in 1953, so it was impossible for him to play both. --Tewapack 22:33, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Those dates are correct, therefore the British Open was the fourth major of the year. The section stresses that Hogan is the only man to win the first three majors of the year, but he didn't do that, he won the first, second, and fourth. Davexvi (talk) 22:00, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Anecdotes
I would like to see a new section in the article devoted to anecdotes about Hogan. There are so many of them, and they usually involve a pithy punchline delivered by Hogan. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.242.113.198 (talk) 02:11, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

Left Handed
In Ben Hogan's Five Lessons he states the following: "I was born left-handed - that was the normal way for me to do things. I was switched over to doing things right-handed when I was a boy but I started golf as a left-hander because the first club I ever came into posession of, an old five-iron, was a left handed stick." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.149.8.201 (talk) 19:12, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

"Five Lessons" section should be eliminated or severely scaled down
As much as I enjoy the information in this section, it's basically a plagiarization, and poorly-done one at that. I count some 20 footnotes that cite the book in the section, all without specific page numbers. Furthermore, it's an overly long section that is all but an article in itself. Wikipedia's Ben Hogan article, as a whole, is supposed to be about Ben Hogan. While I appreciate the influence of his Five Lessons book, I'm not aware of any other golfer with a Wikipedia article whose book is regurgitated on this website virtually chapter and verse. Frankly, the Ben Hogan entry is an article that is a bit cluttered and lengthy already. It needs to be cleaned up to be worthy of its subject, and the "Five Lessons" section should be either removed in its entirety or cut down to a brief synopsis of the book.Harry Yelreh (talk) 06:06, 16 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ben Hogan