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User talk:Araisyohei

japanese

ようこそ. welcome to the English Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela. 05:31, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

---

Aryahosei, please do not move "New Tokyo International Airport" from where it was. That is the official name of the airport. The airport is not officially called "Narita Airport". WhisperToMe 04:47, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * New Tokyo International Airport was privatized, and became a Narita international airport. Araisyohei 05:00, 2004 Apr 2 (UTC)

 * Sources, please. AFAIK, the official name was not changed. It is just commonly called "Narita International Airport". WhisperToMe 05:15, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * By the way, stop changing everything until there is proof that the official name was changed. WhisperToMe 05:18, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Update, I got the proof. It was JUST changed on April 1 2004! X_X

Next time you want to move a page, and cannot do it normally (Move Page feature), call a sysop. WhisperToMe 05:31, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

WikiMoney
Sorry, I had to revert your "theft" of WikiMoney. See the WikiMoney information page on policies.
 * Please see ja:User:Araisyohei#WikiMoney-- Syohei.A (talk) 14:26, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Araisyohei


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User talk:Kwilbur

Hello Kwilbur, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

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If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela. 05:31, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Kwilbur


text:
User talk:Christian Robertson

Hello Christian, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela. 05:32, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Christian Robertson


text:
Aldershot, Burlington

Aldershot is a community in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. Located on the shore of Burlington Bay of Lake Ontario, it is a former unincorporated village that was previously a part of East Flamborough Township until it was annexed by the city of Burlington in 1958.

Transport
Via Rail and GO Transit operate Aldershot railway station, on the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor and Lakeshore West lines respectively, which serves the immediate area and the adjacent city of Hamilton.

title: Aldershot, Burlington


text:
Regular Masonic jurisdiction

In Freemasonry, regularity is one of the factors by which individual Grand Lodges judge whether to recognise one another for the purposes of allowing formal interaction at the Grand Lodge level and visitation by members of other jurisdictions. Each individual Grand Lodge determines which other Grand Lodges it considers Regular (and the standards for determining this are not uniform between Grand Lodges).

History
There are a number of groupings of Masonic jurisdictions which consider themselves regular, and recognise others as regular, yet consider others to be irregular. There is no globally centralised Masonic organisational system, and therefore the criteria for regularity are not consistent across all Grand Lodges.

Ancients and Moderns
The concept of Regularity first appears in Payne's regulations, and was printed in Anderson's Constitutions. In regulation VIII we find –
 * If any Set or Number of Masons shall take upon themselves to form a Lodge without the Grand-Master's Warrant, the regular Lodges are not to countenance them, or own them as fair Brethren and duly form’d, nor approve of their Acts and Deeds; but must treat them as Rebels, until they humble themselves, as the Grand-Master shall in his Prudence direct, and until he approve of them by his Warrant, which must be signify’d to the other Lodges, as the Custom is when a new Lodge is to be register’d in the List of Lodges.

The revisions published in the 1738 constitutions introduced the term Regular Lodge.

Arguments regarding what ought to constitute proper Freemasonry appear in the 1720s, when some lodges of the Premier Grand Lodge of England began to replace the old method of drawing the lodge symbols on the floor in chalk and charcoal with tape, tacked to the floor, and portable metal letters. This earned the new Grand Lodge the nickname of the Moderns. In 1735, the same Grand Lodge refused admission to the master and wardens of an Irish lodge, who claimed to be a deputation from the Grand Master of Ireland, unless they accepted the English constitution, which they refused. In 1751 the nucleus of a second Grand Lodge, which did not accept the innovations of the original, was formed. Their book of constitutions, the Ahiman Rezon of their Grand Secretary Laurence Dermott, suggests that the Moderns had now changed their passwords in alarm over masonic exposures printed in the 1730s, which would not allow their members admission into any lodges outside their own jurisdiction. The process of uniting of these two Grand Lodges began in 1809, when the Moderns set up a travelling Lodge of Promulgation to return their ritual to its "Ancient" form. This made possible the creation, in 1813, of the United Grand Lodge of England.

Landmarks of Freemasonry
Payne's 1720 regulations mention the necessity of maintaining the "old Land-Marks" of the order, but it was much later that anybody attempted to define them. It was not until 1858 that Albert Mackey published a list of 25 landmarks, which while not universally accepted, formed the basis of some American jurisdictions.

Attempts to formulate the basis of regularity came even later in England, and appear to have arisen from recognition of a new Grand Lodge in France, which had just split from the Grand Orient de France, already branded as irregular (see below). A letter of 1913 from the new Grand Master of the Independent and Regular National Grand Lodge of France and of the French Colonies stated the obligations of his lodges as his claim to regularity.
 * 1) While the Lodge is at work the Bible will always be open on the altar.
 * 2) The ceremonies will be conducted in strict conformity with the Ritual of the "Regime Rectifié" which is followed by these Lodges, a Ritual which was drawn up in 1778 and sanctioned in 1782, and with which the Duke of Kent was initiated in 1792[47].
 * 3) The Lodge will always be opened and closed with invocation and in the name of the Great Architect of the Universe. All the summonses of the Order and of the Lodges will be printed with the symbols of the Great Architect of the Universe.
 * 4) No religious or political discussion will be permitted in the Lodge.
 * 5) The Lodge as such will never take part officially in any political affair but every individual Brother will preserve complete liberty of opinion and action.
 * 6) Only those Brethren who are recognised as true Brethren by the Grand Lodge of England will be received in Lodge.

These appear to have formed the basis for the 1929 Basic Principles for Grand Lodge Recognition, still used by the United Grand Lodge of England.

Great Architect of the Universe
In 1813, upon the union of Antients and Moderns, the UGLE had created a new Constitution, based on the Constitutions of Anderson of the Moderns and the Ahiman Rezon of the Antients, which required acceptance of the Great Architect of the Universe.

The Grand Orient de France (GOdF) initially adapted its Constitution in order to comply. In 1877, however, on a proposal of the Protestant priest Frédéric Desmons at the convention of the GOdF, the members of the convention removed references to the Great Architect of the Universe (GAOTU) from their Constitution. They saw their decision as a way to return to the original Constitution of James Anderson of 1723. The first two sentences of the constitution of the GOdF (in English translation) had been:
 * "Its principles of Freemasonry are the existence of God, the immortality of the soul, and human solidarity. It considers liberty of conscience as an inherent right of each man and excludes no one because of his beliefs."

These became:
 * "Its principles are liberty of conscience and human solidarity. It excludes no one because of his beliefs."

This decision led to a schism between the Grand Orient de France and the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE). Since the great schism of 1877 freemasonry is divided in two branches, Continental style Freemasonry and Anglo Freemasonry. These two branches are not in mutual regular amity, since most English style lodges consider Continental style lodges to be irregular. The Grand Orient de France (Grand Orients) and the United Grand Lodge of England (Grand Lodges) are the basic models for each variety of freemasonry.

Home Grand Lodges – related jurisdictions
The largest collection of mutually recognised Grand Lodges derives its regularity from one or more of the Home Grand Lodges (United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE), Grand Lodge of Scotland (GLoS) and Grand Lodge of Ireland (GLoI)) based on criteria known as "Basic Principles for Grand Lodge Recognition" which together they codified and published on 4 September 1929 (although not new – they had been developed and refined over at least the preceding 150 years):

 * 1) Regularity of origin; i.e.each Grand Lodge shall have been established lawfully by a duly recognised Grand Lodge or by three or more regularly constituted Lodges.
 * 2) That a belief in the G.A.O.T.U. and His revealed will shall be an essential qualification for membership.
 * 3) That all Initiates shall take their Obligation on or in full view of an open Volume of Sacred Law, by which is meant the revelation from above which is binding on the conscience of the particular individual who is being initiated.
 * 4) That the membership of the Grand Lodge and individual Lodges shall be composed exclusively of men; and that each Grand Lodge shall have no Masonic intercourse of any kind with mixed Lodges or bodies which admit women to membership.
 * 5) That the Grand Lodge shall have sovereign jurisdiction over Lodges under its control; i.e. that it shall be a responsible, independent, self-governing organisation, with sole and undisputed authority over the Craft or Symbolic Degrees (Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason) within its Jurisdiction; and shall not in any way be subject to, or divide such authority with, a Supreme Council or other Power claiming any control or supervision over those degrees.
 * 6) That the three Great Lights of Freemasonry (namely, a Volume of Sacred Law, the Square, and the Compasses) shall always be exhibited when the Grand Lodge or its subordinate Lodges are at work, the chief of these being the Volume of Sacred Law.
 * 7) That the discussion of religion and politics within the Lodge shall be strictly prohibited.
 * 8) That the principles of the Antient Landmarks, customs, and usages of the Craft be strictly observed.

The first attempt to codify the governance of Freemasonry was The Constitution of the Freemasons of Strasbourg in 1459, which the Masonic Bodies of Continental Freemasonry hold as the essence of Freemasonry. However, the more popular codification in English - speaking nations was created by James Anderson in his Constitutions, published in 1723, which contain his idea of the basic principles. Dr. Albert Mackey built on this in 1856, when he identified 25 Landmarks or characteristics of Masonry which have been widely adopted in America.

UGLE considers itself to be the most ancient Grand Lodge in continuous existence. Although it was founded in 1813 with its first Grand Master, it considers itself a continuation of the much older Grand Lodge of London, founded in 1717 by four pre-existent lodges. No record exists of any earlier Lodge organisation styling itself as a Grand Lodge. Three of the four original lodges still exist. Today they are UGLE lodges No 2, No 4, and No 12. Naturally, since they were founded even before the creation of the Grand Lodge of London, they function without the normal warrant, and also have some internal offices and regulations which differ from the standard UGLE constitutions. As they pre-date the foundation of the oldest grand lodge, and as their actual date of foundation is unknown, these three lodges are referred to as being "time immemorial" lodges. Since 1717 other grand lodges have been founded, and many have sought recognition by UGLE, hence it has claimed the 'benchmark' of masonic regularity.

"Continental" style jurisdictions
The Continental style Grand Lodges and Grand Orients have created several organizations in order to organize their international relations, such as CLIPSAS, the International Masonic Union Catena, CIMAS, COMAM, TRACIA and, formerly, the International Secretariat of the Masonic Adogmatic Powers before it was re-absorbed into CLIPSAS.

Other bodies predicate their assessment of regularity on the 8th decree of Anderson's Constitution; a Lodge is regular if it works in conformity to the rules of its granted constitutional patent. Grand Lodges certify regularity to their recognized Member Lodges and Grand Lodges with patents.

Austria
The first Grand Lodge in Austria, the Große Landesloge von Österreich was founded in Vienna in 1784 but only ten years later in 1794 Freemasonry was forbidden by the then Holy Roman Emperor Franz II. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 Freemasonry was re-established, but only in the Hungarian part of the Empire. After the end of World War I, only four weeks after the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria the Grand Lodge of Vienna was founded on 8 December 1918. She was recognised by UGLE in 1930. Immediately after the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938 Freemasonry was again forbidden. After the end of World War II the Grand Lodge of Vienna was formally re-established on 4 August 1945. In 1952 UGLE restored relations with her. 1955 after the end of the Allied occupation of Austria the Grandlodge changed its name into Grand Lodge of Austria.

The Grand Lodge of Austria has currently 77 lodges with approx. 3500 brethren.

Belgium
Several Grand Lodges are active in Belgium.

The Regular Grand Lodge of Belgium (R.G.L.B.) is currently the only Belgian Grand Lodge which is recognised as regular by UGLE and its concordant jurisdictions.

The oldest Grand Lodge of Belgium, the Grand Orient of Belgium (G.O.B.) lost its recognition by the UGLE in the 19th century when it decided to remove the requirement for Masons to have a belief in a Supreme Being. In an attempt to regain recognition by the UGLE, five lodges from the GOB founded the Grand Lodge of Belgium (G.L.B.) in 1959. When in 1979 the G.L.B. also lost its recognition by UGLE, nine lodges founded the Regular Grand Loge of Belgium on 15 June 1979.

Bulgaria
The oldest obedience in Bulgaria is the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Bulgaria, established in 1917. Until it was banned in 1940 by a Nazi Law called "Law of the Homeland protection" this Grand Lodge was recognized by 47 regular and mainstream Grand Lodges worldwide. Most of the recognitions were never withdrawn and after Grand Lodge of Bulgaria (GLB) was reactivated it gained additional recognitions. Today GLB is recognized by 54 Grand Lodges from Europe, North and South America and Africa. It works in the Antient & Accepted Scottish Rite, has 16 Constituent lodges including one English speaking Lodge "HIRAM".

Ireland
Regular Freemasonry in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is controlled by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which is based in Dublin. It has jurisdiction over 13 Provincial Grand Lodges covering all the Freemasons of the island of Ireland, and another 12 provinces worldwide.

France
In 2021 they were 38 Grand Lodges operating in France including overseas territories. They range from 200 to 60,000 members.

The Grande Loge Nationale Française (GLNF) is the only French Grand Lodge to be recognised as regular by UGLE and its concordant jurisdictions.

The Grand Orient de France (GOdF) was recognised by most Grand Lodges in the world until the middle of the 19th century, when the GOdF recognized the Supreme Council of Louisiana. This caused several US Grand Lodges to withdraw recognition from the GOdF. The final breaking point, however, came about due to a decision by the GOdF in 1877 to remove the requirement for Masons to have a belief in a Supreme Being. UGLE and most other Anglo-Saxon Grand Lodges suspended all relations with, and recognition of, the Grand Orient de France as a result.

Germany
The Vereinigte Großlogen von Deutschland or United Grand Lodges of Germany (VGLvD) is the regular Grand Lodge in Germany, it comprises five united Grand Lodges of varying traditions: two traditional German Grand Lodges, one Prussian Swedish Rite Grand Lodge, one English tradition Grand Lodge and one North American tradition Grand Lodge, the latter two Grand Lodges having been formed by occupying forces.

There are also irregular masonic Grand Lodges in Germany including Women Freemasons (FGLD) as well as Co-Freemasons.

Italy
There are no fewer than three national Grand Lodges operating in Italy.

The Grand Regular Italian Lodge and the Grand Orient of Italy are regular obediences recognized by United Grand Lodge of England.

Portugal

In Portugal the Grand Lodge is called Grande Loja Legal de Portugal (GLLP/GLRP).

The Grand Lodge of Portugal (GLLP / GLRP) is a regular Portuguese Masonic obedience. GLLP and the Regular Grand Lodge of Portugal vied for the leadership of regular Portuguese Masonry until their reconciliation in 2011, the second was officially recognized by the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).

Slovakia
In Slovakia is a Grand Lodge that called Veľká lóža Slovenska (Great Lodge of Slovakia).

United Kingdom
Masonic activity in the United Kingdom is governed by three bodies which are independent from each other. The United Grand Lodge of England has jurisdiction over Freemasonry in England, Wales, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man ("English Constitution" – "EC"), the Grand Lodge of Scotland over Freemasonry in Scotland ("Scottish Constitution" – "SC"), and the Grand Lodge of Ireland over Freemasonry in Ireland ("Irish Constitution" – "IC").

Because of the historical role of the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) in the development of Freemasonry, the term "Regular Freemasonry", when it is not further defined, usually refers to the United Grand Lodge of England and its recognized jurisdictions. Since UGLE is considered to be not only the oldest, but also the largest grouping of lodges, UGLE recognition (or the lack thereof) is generally the barometer by which a Masonic jurisdiction is deemed regular. UGLE provides a list of recognised Grand Lodges on its website.

Canada
The majority of Canadian Grand Lodges are in amity with UGLE. There is also a healthy presence of GOdF-affiliated Grand Lodges and Orients that follow Continental Freemasonry, particularly in the French-speaking province of Quebec.

United States
In the United States, each state has a Grand Lodge that supervises the lodges within that state and is sovereign and independent within that jurisdiction. These are commonly referred to as the "regular" or "mainstream" Grand Lodges. There is no national Grand Lodge. All regular Grand Lodges in the US are in mutual amity with each other and with UGLE.

Because of historical segregation, many states also have a sovereign and independent Prince Hall Grand Lodge that is predominantly African-American. For many years the mainstream Grand Lodges did not recognize Prince Hall Freemasonry and considered their Prince Hall Freemasonry irregular, despite the UGLE's approval of their regularity. In the 1980s, many mainstream Grand Lodges began to recognize Prince Hall Grand Lodges as Freemasons.

Due to a 19th-century argument and a resulting schism, not all Prince Hall Grand Lodges recognize each other (see Prince Hall National Grand Lodge), and generally the mainstream Grand Lodges have followed the lead of their Prince Hall counterparts when it comes to recognizing Prince Hall Grand Lodges in other states.

Throughout the US there are also numerous independent Masonic Lodges and Grand Lodges, which are not recognized as such by UGLE, the mainstream Grand Lodges, or their Prince Hall counterparts. Many of these are affiliated with international organizations of Continental Freemasonry. These are deemed to be irregular by UGLE - affiliated Masonic Obediences.

Mexico
The regularity of Masonic lodges in Mexico is a topic of considerable controversy, primarily due to the prevalence of irregular lodges compared to regular ones. This discrepancy has sparked ongoing debates within the Masonic community in Mexico.

Among the numerous Masonic bodies in the country, one notable exception stands out: The York Grand Lodge of Mexico. Established in 1865, it holds the distinction of being the sole Grand Lodge with federal character in Mexico. Since its inception, The York Grand Lodge of Mexico has maintained consistent recognition from the United Grand Lodge of England, a recognition that persists to the present day.

This unique status underscores the significance of The York Grand Lodge of Mexico within the broader context of Mexican Freemasonry, serving as a beacon of regularity amid the complexities of the Masonic landscape in the country.

Chile
The Only regular regular Masonic body in Chile is the Grand Lodge of Chile, founded on May 24, 1862 in Valparaíso. The earthquake of 1906 destroyed the original headquarters and the archives of the Grand Lodge, which determined its definitive transfer to Santiago, settling in the Club de la República, located in 659 Marcoleta street.

In 1862, the Grand Lodge of Chile was recognized by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, that is, the same year it was founded, and the following year it would obtain recognition from the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia.

In 1864, when the problems caused by Napoleon III in French Freemasonry had already been overcome, official recognition was obtained by the Central Grand Orient de France. By 1862, the first Constitution was promulgated under the name of Statutes of the Masonic Order in Chile.

The Grand Lodge of Chile has jurisdiction over the symbolic lodges (they work in the degrees of apprentice, fellow craft and Master Mason), these can work three different rites: Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, York Rite and Schröder Rite. His currently Grand Master is W. Bro. Sebastián Jans, since 2018.

Chile has a Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite, with jurisdiction over 4 to 33 degree too, was foundes on 1870 and reactivated on 1899, with Eduardo de la Barra as his first Sovereign Grand Commander

Notwithstanding the foregoing, there are several regular Lodges that depend on other regular Masonic bodies, such as Harmony Lodge 1411 (based in Valparaiso, dependent on the District Grand Lodge of South America, southern division of the United Grand Lodge of England), Britannia Lodge 1033 (located in Santiago, Grand Lodge of Scotland) Bethesda and Huelen Lodges (dependent on American Freemasonry)

title: Regular Masonic jurisdiction


text:
Prime95

Prime95, also distributed as the command-line utility mprime for FreeBSD and Linux, is a freeware application written by George Woltman. It is the official client of the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS), a volunteer computing project dedicated to searching for Mersenne primes. It is also used in overclocking to test for system stability.

Although most of its source code is available, Prime95 is not free and open-source software because its end-user license agreement states that if the software is used to find a prime qualifying for a bounty offered by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, then that bounty will be claimed and distributed by GIMPS.

Finding Mersenne primes by volunteer computing
Prime95 tests numbers for primality using the Fermat primality test (referred to internally as PRP, or "probable prime"). For much of its history, it used the Lucas–Lehmer primality test, but the availability of Lucas–Lehmer assignments was deprecated in April 2021 to increase search throughput. Specifically, to guard against faulty results, every Lucas–Lehmer test had to be performed twice in its entirety, while Fermat tests can be verified in a small fraction of their original run time using a proof generated during the test by Prime95. Current versions of Prime95 remain capable of Lucas–Lehmer testing for the purpose of double-checking existing Lucas–Lehmer results, and for fully verifying "probably prime" Fermat test results (which, unlike "prime" Lucas–Lehmer results, are not conclusive).

To reduce the number of full-length primality tests needed, Prime95 also implements other, computationally simpler tests designed to filter out unviable candidates; as of 2021, this mainly comprises Pollard's p – 1 algorithm. The elliptic-curve factorization method and Williams's p + 1 algorithm are implemented, but are considered not useful at modern GIMPS testing levels, and mostly used in attempts to factor much smaller Mersenne numbers that have already undergone primality testing. Prime95 implements trial division, but because this type of work can be executed using single-precision arithmetic (as opposed to the double-precision arithmetic required by other GIMPS work types), almost all GIMPS trial division is done by third-party clients implementing GPU computation for its comparatively much greater single-precision throughput.

GIMPS has discovered 17 new Mersenne primes since its foundation in 1996, all using Prime95. Each was the largest known prime number at the time of its discovery, except M37156667 and M42643801, which were discovered out of order from the larger M43112609.

Use for stress testing

To maximize search throughput, most of Prime95 is written in hand-tuned assembly, which makes its system resource usage much greater than most other computer programs. Additionally, due to the high precision requirements of primality testing, the program is very sensitive to computation errors and proactively reports them. These factors make it a commonly used tool among overclockers to check the stability of a particular configuration.

title: Prime95


text:
Tonkinese

Tonkinese may refer to:

 * The language or people of Tonkin
 * The Tonkinese cat breed

title: Tonkinese


text:
Talk:Magnet

Request for a minor addition, 21 October 2011
In the (protected) "Magnet" article I wish to make a small addition.

From:

Toys: Given their ability to counteract the force of gravity at close range, magnets are often employed in children's toys, such as the Magnet Space Wheel and Levitron, to amusing effect.

To:

Toys: Given their ability to counteract the force of gravity at close range, magnets are often employed in children's toys, such as the Magnet Space Wheel, Magnetic Tower of Hanoi, and Levitron, to amusing effect.

Thanks

Uri-Levy (talk) 05:54, 21 October 2011 (UTC)
 * According to the article, the tower does not actually employ magnets - it's just an analogue to magnetism. RockMagnetist (talk) 15:23, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

A specific MToH embodiment DOES employ magnets (see picture in the article withe the caption "An illustration of the analogy to magnetism: Disks repel each other if their touching sides have the same color"). Magnetic disks make, I think, an exciting playing effect ("announcing" illegal moves). And if you spin a "hanging" disk, it will rotate quite long (tens of seconds depending on its size of course), around the post. A rather uncommon scene.

(See a short video-clip - http://www.youtube.com/user/uri10levy#p/a/u/2/nUoHHeaJ4eI )

Uri-Levy (talk) 05:30, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Magnets, how do they work?
I'm not sure how they work. I tried reading the article but i don't understand anything at all. Can someone please explain to me how they work?!?! I have this thing for school but i dont even know how magnets work. I asked someone but they said cant tell if just stupid or trolling but i dont know what that means please help. this website said something about it but i dont understand pleeeez help

http://media3.teenormous.com/items/ih1.redbubble.net/work.6465080.1.fc-550x550-white.v3.jpg — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.181.97.220 (talk) 05:53, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Magnets work because of magnetism. (Ha ha.) Maybe this will help? Video: The physicist Richard Feynman answers the question, Why do bar magnets attract or repel each other? (from the "External links" section) Good luck! :-) --Steve (talk) 06:33, 14 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The "Microscopic origin of magnetism" section of our article is the real explanation, and the first sentence of it is fairly straightforward at the level of most school science classes I've worked with. If you "have this thing for school", do you have a textbook or other reference you were instructed to use? Sometimes it's easier to explain the explanation you have (especially so we can see what level you are studying and might need to know) or to know where an existing explanation is confusing than to try to answer without knowing your background. DMacks (talk) 06:39, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Here is a piece of wisdom for you: "MAGNET, n. Something acted upon by magnetism. MAGNETISM, n. Something acting upon a magnet. The two definitions immediately foregoing are condensed from the works of one thousand eminent scientists, who have illuminated the subject with a great white light, to the inexpressible advancement of human knowledge."

- Ambrose Bierce RockMagnetist (talk) 03:36, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Feynman's discussion is great!! And can't find "Microscopic origin of magnetism". But What we have is a discussion of the microscopic forces holding things together and aligning them. Then there are discussions about the existence of randomly oriented domains or small volume parts of a magnet, and then what is lacking is an admission as to the existence of a spacial substance that is capable of extending these internally generated forces into a larger volume of space than that of the magnet. And so to explain this factual occurrence we resort to mathematics to generate a concept and rationalize the distance requirements appropriately.WFPM (talk) 17:48, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

 * There's a pretty good explanation in Ferromagnetism, although it may be at a more technical level than you're looking for, 67.181.97.220 -- Chetvorno TALK 12:24, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Thank you! By technical I think you mean mathematical Because I think Geometry better than I think Mathematics. And when the field of my pendulum magnet bumps against the opposing field under the bottom of the pendulum path and causes it to rebound I wonder what is in that separation space that causes the repulsion impact. I can even feel and hear the click of the repulsion impact! And at that instant in time we have a force acting on my pendulum magnetic and I wonder what entity is causing it. So I read about the internal forces within the magnet and not about how they extend out into space, except that they dissipate into the spacial volume but what are they? Certainly not lines! Maybe we need to revive the vortex concept.WFPM (talk) 05:55, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

Lack of references
There are entire top-level sections without a single citation. This may be the biggest factor preventing this article from meriting a GA rating. RockMagnetist (talk) 19:34, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

There is no defination for magnetism. Magnet re used in our daily life. If magnets were not there we would not be able to see television. Magnets guide electrons to the screen. In olden times there were many theory about magnetism. Some say magnets were first found ,When a boy was walking with a metal rod in his hand suddenly it got stuck with a stone then it was named a magnet ,it was named a lodestone .It was found in Magnesia which was in Greek .It was found 2500 years ago. In that time it was mostly found in Greek,China and India. Today magnets are used in our daily life from television to Medical uses. (Hamza52 (talk) 13:27, 31 July 2011 (UTC)).
 * Is this a new comment or a reply to someone else's?RockMagnetist (talk) 01:07, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

I realized that, with so few citations, this article doesn't even meet the first criterion for a B article: "The article is suitably referenced, with inline citations where necessary." I added several references after I started this section, but it was hard to find them for all the technological applications. It would really help if the people who put the content there provided the references. RockMagnetist (talk) 04:04, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Enviromental impact of making magnets
Since magnets are so often used in green energy production and energy conservation I am wondering about the environmental cost of making them.

This is a link I have been shown:

Is it relevant and truthful? Does it belong in criticism section? Stutek (talk) 08:22, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

 * While I don't think a "criticism" of magnets section is appropriate, information on manufacturing would be interesting. From a quick skim of that article, it looks like they focus on processing neodymium. What does that page have about manufacturing? (I'm on a train with spotty wifi). —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 11:34, 13 September 2011 (UTC)
 * there is already section about costs, so expanding it to include environmental cost would be very informative IMHO. Stutek (talk) 06:35, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

Magnetic shielding
is there any way we can shield magnetic effect from attracting other ferrous metal around it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Muddasir shaikh (talk • contribs) 13:21, 9 February 2012 (UTC)
 * See Electromagnetic shielding, and Mu-metal. -- Chetvorno TALK 21:52, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

Changes to lead section
I recently made some significant changes to the lead of the article to the following ends:

 * 1) Ensuring that terms were not defined more than once (ferromagnetic in particular);
 * 2) Grouping the introduction of similar concepts (introducing permanent magnets and electromagnets at the same time);
 * 3) Leaving less important details (such as the distinction between magnetically "hard" and "soft" materials) until after the more important ones.

These changes were reverted with the rationale "I feel the original wording was clearer for nonscientific readers, emphasizing that ferromagnetic materials both make up magnets and are attracted to them".

I disagree with this: the whole point of these changes was to make the lead more accessible to inexpert readers, and to avoid the common problem whereby our article leads focus on minutiae to the detriment of general concepts. Moreover, it would seem that only minor changes would be required to address the problem mentioned, rather than a wholesale revert.

Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 08:14, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I reverted the edits. I didn't mean to be so abrupt, maybe I should have discussed them here first. My feeling is that this topic is of more than usual interest to nontechnical readers, particularly children.  I want to make sure that the intro is at an elementary enough level for them, with a clear concrete progression of ideas.  I felt the original text did a better job of that.  With respect, these are the issues I had with your edits:
 * Your 2nd paragraph introduces a general property, ferromagnetism, and leaves it to the 3rd paragraph to introduce what is the main topic of the article, for most people synonymous with the word "magnet": permanent magnets. I also felt the original was more clearly written.
 * I particularly object to beginning the 2nd paragraph with: "All substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism, but..."  This sentence, referring to paramagnetism and diamagnetism, probably shouldn't have been in the intro at all.  To start the second para with it is almost guaranteed to confuse laypeople.
 * Ferromagnetism is the property that both allows a material to become a magnet, and also be attracted to magnets. The sentence: "Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic." is not perfect, but I felt it emphasizes this important idea better.
 * I see no need to introduce electromagnets, a more technical device probably of less interest to most readers, with permanent magnets.  It makes more sense to introduce it in a later paragraph of the intro so as not to interrupt the explanation of permanent magnets.
 * -- Chetvorno TALK 10:13, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * In order:
 * Our articles are supposed to be accessible to inexpert readers. That is quite different from being deliberately simplified in order to better act as a teaching aid to children.
 * I don't mind where ferromagnetism is introduced so long as it is introduced only once. Presently it is introduced twice, once in each of the first two paragraphs. Likewise with "magnetised", which is both defined twice and only wikilinked in the second instance.
 * I don't mind leaving the matter of para/diamagnetism to later in the lead, but it is an important aspect of the subject as covered in the body and thus has to be covered somewhere in the lead. Doing otherwise would simplify the lead to the point of falsehood.
 * Electromagnets are not some obscure technical device: they are fundamental to modern technology and one of the most basic forms of machine. They are at least as important in the real world as permanent magnets. This article is titled "magnet" and not "permanent magnet" and thus must address both concepts. Moreover, "permanent magnet" only makes sense when placed in opposition to some other form of magnet anyway, and this is the most common distinction to make.
 * I'll see if I can come up with a compromse edit which addresses the above without reducing the lead's usefulness as a summary of the article. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 15:19, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The intro can definitely be improved. I don't have much time so I'll probably leave you to it.    I don't think ferromagnetism is defined twice, it is just used in the first para before it is defined in the second.  It seems to me this is better than using the awkward construction "magnetically-attracted materials".   If para/diamagnetism is included in the lead, it should be emphasized that these are effects which aren't seen outside the laboratory, as the original text did.    I'm not suggesting eliminating electromagnets from the intro, just introducing them in a separate para.

 * I hope, when you're done with the intro, you'll look at the rest of the article; that's where rewriting is really needed. It desperately needs a lot of "Wikipedia bloat" cut, a coherent description of the different families of permanent magnets and their properties, and the process of making magnets. -- Chetvorno TALK 19:12, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Something missing
My wife and I came here because she wondered about the history of magnets. I had explained the compass needle thing, which she didn't know. So, this talks about early compasses but it says nothing about the manufacture of magnets, when the first "synthetic" magnets were devised, and through the newer types of magnets. I don't know this, I just think it would be useful and even more useful than some of the things that ARE there. Just a thought. Jjdon (talk) 20:30, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that out. I think that would be a good addition. RockMagnetist (talk) 20:37, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

This has very little about unpaired electrons (what makes something a magnet). i searched the page for 'electron' and the browser found Electron configuration but nothing there either. I googled and found the unlinked wiki page Unpaired electron (i cannot link it in the Magnet page as it is locked), but it does need a little improvment. Are there fewer unpaired electrons once iron atoms are in a lattice? From my own research Fe2O3 is quite magnetic but when that was put in water the now FeO(OH) is not. Charlieb000 (talk) 04:41, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

/* Magnetization */ Reference 10
The reference to http://www.magneticmicrosphere.com/resources/Units_for_Magnetic_Properties.pdf appears to be broken. In google chrome I get "Failed to load PDF document" and when I download it directly Adobe cannot open the file. Myfriendebin (talk) 21:24, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I fixed it. Thanks for pointing it out. RockMagnetist (talk) 21:47, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

Correction or clarification needed: Pull force of a single magnet
Surely, the pull force of a single magnet depends on the material that it is pulling. Why then is the force as given in the section "Pull force of a single magnet" not dependent on its counterpart? Milkyglas (talk) 21:19, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
 * There's definitely something wrong there. I'm not familiar with the term - it's probably used in engineering. I'll try to track down some sources. RockMagnetist (talk) 01:13, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

Magnesia link is wrong
It should be Magnesia in Asia Minor (Manisa, Turkey) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia_ad_Sipylum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sipylus — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pimp83 (talk • contribs) 15:42, 22 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you for pointing this out. I looked at Magnesia ad Sipylum and learned that the location is controversial, so I removed the existing link and added a footnote. RockMagnetist (talk) 17:00, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

Science projects
Science projects: Many topic questions are based on magnets. For example: how is the strength of a magnet affected by glass, plastic, and cardboard? This sentence seems a little off, and theres no source either. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:6B0:17:F13F:E97E:5295:ACFB:C401 (talk) 14:17, 17 April 2013 (UTC)
 * You think that's bad? The Science project article has no references. Thanks for noting the problem - I have improved the wording and added a citation. RockMagnetist (talk) 20:32, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

Location of North Magnetic Pole
As of 2012, the pole is projected to have moved beyond the Canadian Arctic territorial claim to 85.9N 147.0W. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.239.72.120 (talk) 00:46, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I was going to say the same. In the section "Pole naming conventions" first sentence is wrong: «The north pole of a magnet is the pole that, when the magnet is freely suspended, points towards the Earth's North Magnetic Pole which is located in northern Canada.» as the North Magnetic Pole is in the Arctic, not in northern Canada. --95.120.71.215 (talk) 22:21, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I corrected the statement and cleaned up the stilted writing. RockMagnetist (talk) 06:19, 17 August 2013 (UTC)

Edit request on 26 September 2013
In response to user request " Jjdon (talk) 20:30, 10 October 2012 (UTC)" Proposed external link to history of electricity and magnetism. proposed link cites source of content.

Proposed Edit: Add the following link to the External links:
 * A brief history of electricity & magnetism (PDF)

ZodTron (talk) 08:14, 26 September 2013 (UTC)
 * This was a very confusing request, so I edited it for clarity. I have added the link. If you make enough edits to unprotected pages, you can become an autoconfirmed user and make your own edits. RockMagnetist (talk) 15:02, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

Request for clarification and creation of an article about Ampere's model
What is Ampere's model? It is referenced in multiple places on Wikipedia, but a quick Google search shows that no where else in the world does anyone say Ampere's model. So what is it? There is only a brief explanation, but other than that, it doesn't seem to exist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.184.65.20 (talk) 20:57, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

 * New threads on a Talk page are customarily added at the end. I moved your question; I hope you don't mind.
 * This is covered in the section Modelling magnets. The "Amperian model" is one of two mathematical models used to represent permanent magnets, invented by André-Marie Ampère around 1820, which assumes that the magnetic field of a magnet is created by tiny loops of electric current in atoms; the other being the "Gilbertian model" (after William Gilbert), in which the source of the magnetic field is fictitious "magnetic charges" on the poles.  The basic idea is that mathematically it can be shown that the tiny current loops inside a piece of magnetized material all cancel out, so the magnetic field of a cylinder of magnetized iron or other ferromagnet can be represented by a current flowing around the outside surface.  Here are some sources: 1, 2, 3,  4,  5, and especially 6  -- Chetvorno TALK 01:08, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

Request for addition to SEE ALSO section
In the SEE ALSO section, a direct link to MAGNETIC FIELD would be helpful, in order to keep readers from having to go to the listed ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD entry to discover that there IS a Wiki entry for MAGNETIC FIELD, after all. Thanks.D.Helber (talk) 14:51, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
 * The very first paragraph has a link to magnetic field. We do not add entries to the see also section if the term is used in the article. -- GB fan 14:56, 10 September 2016 (UTC)

Well written and a suggestion
I have recently been revising on magnetics and would just like to say how informative and easy to read this article is. It is packed with information and progresses from the basics to the mathematical complexities so that you can choose your own level. Obviously a lot of work has gone into the preparation.

May I suggest though that it would be an enhancement if a list or table could be included showing example magnets from the entire range of strengths: (1) earth's weak magnetic field. (2) fridge magnet. (3) normal high power magnet (loudspeaker magnet for example). (4) most powerful man-made magnet. (5) fantastically powerful magnets of astrophysics. The full information is here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_field) , which I also suggest could be linked to from this article.

CPES (talk) 10:42, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

 * That's a great table! You could WP:BE BOLD and add it yourself if you know how to make a table in wiki markup.  If not the directions are in Help:Table; just paste whichever one you like into the article, and add enough rows for all the sources listed.    My personal feeling is it might be more appropriate to put it in Magnetic field, since not all the sources it lists are really "magnets" in the ordinary sense, but I wouldn't object to it here. -- Chetvorno TALK 15:17, 23 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm glad you like this article. I agree that Orders of magnitude (magnetic field) is a good table, but I think it's too large to insert in an article. And it is also unnecessary, since the table is already a Wikipedia page. Instead, I would suggest inserting some prose describing the range of magnet strengths with a link to the table (and an analogous addition in Magnetic field). RockMagnetist(talk) 18:30, 23 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Oops, I didn't notice that it was already a Wikipedia page. I agree with RockMagnetist, a few remarks in this article with a link to the page would be appropriate. -- Chetvorno TALK 18:40, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

Thanks to you both. I do know about tables and am a fairly old hand on Wikipedia, but I just wanted to make the suggestion. CPES (talk) 18:33, 24 December 2016 (UTC)

Polarity and polarization
I did not find any mention of the terms "magnetic polarity" and "magnetic polarization" in this article about magnets (even though "magnetic polarity" redirects to this article - seems to not adhere to Wikipedia's Principle of least astonishment). Can these terms/concepts be added to this article, please? GeoWriter (talk) 13:20, 28 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Magnetic polarity just needed updating - it should have pointed to Magnet. Now it does. Magnetic polarization points to magnetization, as it should. Still, a couple of lines could be added to Magnet. RockMagnetist(talk) 01:07, 29 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 December 2018
Krisheducation (talk) 13:13, 1 December 2018 (UTC) magnets are created using two methods known as double and singles stroke method
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  D Big X ray ᗙ  14:34, 1 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done I found a source and added the information. RockMagnetist(talk) 22:49, 1 December 2018 (UTC)

Split common uses into permanent and electromagnets ?
Any objections to splitting Common uses into permanent and electromagnets ? - especially since permanent magnet redirects here. Highlight loudspeakers and magnetrons under permanent-M ? - Rod57 (talk) 18:26, 8 February 2019 (UTC)

Lame "definition"
Clarify, please: exactly w.t.f. is it that makes "a permanent magnet" permanent?

In particular, I ask because Alnico inarguably does lose electromagnetic strength with age, therefore any claim to "permanence" is relatively short-lived, at best. Weeb Dingle (talk) 07:39, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

 * I agree, that is a confusing point that doesn't seem to be explained in the article. The name "permanent magnet" is just used to distinguish a magnet made of a piece of magnetized material from an electromagnet.  An electromagnet is made of a piece of ferromagnetic material with a coil of wire around it.  When a current is passed through the wire, its magnetic field magnetizes the core, creating a strong magnetic field around it, but when the current is turned off, the core loses its magnetization and its magnetic field disappears.  In contrast, a permanent magnet is made from a piece of ferromagnetic material which is magnetized during manufacture, giving it a magnetic field which persists.  The difference is the core of an electromagnet is made of low coercivity material which is easily magnetized and demagnetized, like annealed iron, while a commercial permanent magnet is made of a high coercivity material such as alnico or ferrite, which once magnetized is difficult to demagnetize so the magnetic field tends to last a long time.   As you note, a permanent magnet's magnetization is not really permanent, and disappears over time, and when exposed to heat, vibration or counterfields, although with really high coercivity magnets like rare earth magnets the decrease is not likely to be noticeable.  --ChetvornoTALK 18:31, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 June 2020

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Jack Frost (talk) 10:53, 18 June 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 June 2022
History of Magnet and earth gravity: Middle East Ikhan Al Safa "أخوان الصفا" were a group of philosophers in the Middle East. Around the 10th century, they published 52 messages culminating the science and philosophies of their time. In their fourth message "Mathematics Section: Geography" they explain that the earth is a sphere that stands at the center of air sphere, which they believe surrounds earth all around. They explain that the reason why the earth is at the center because "the center of earth pulls all earth parts all together... The center of earth is the center for all spheres, it is the magnet of all weights... Thus the earth retains its round shape, because in the depth of this center this magnet is keeping earth and all the spheres around earth still in the center" (رسائل اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا، ٢٠١١، المجلد الثالث، دار صادر بيروت، الرسالة الرابعة، ص. ١٦٢).

They continue to explain how earth's mass is much heavier than water, and that is why water floots on top, and that air's mass is lighter than water, and that's why it is on top of water (p. 162)

-personal note: These books have been banned in the Middle East for Years, because Muslims believed these philosophers were hectic. However, I hope we can collectively grant them recognition for their attempts to enrich science and humanity. 2601:406:5000:B440:B16E:1025:AA07:AD17 (talk) 22:06, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 00:18, 6 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Magnet


text:
Nampo

Nampo (North Korean official spelling: Nampho; ), also spelled Namp ' o, is a city in North Korea which is the country's fourth-largest by population. The city is an important seaport in the country as it lies on the northern shore of the Taedong River, 15 km east of the river's mouth. Formerly known as Chinnamp ' o, it was a provincial-level "Directly Governed City" ("Chikhalsi") from 1980 to 2004, and was designated a "Special City" ("T'ŭkpyŏlsi", 특별시; 特別市) in 2010. Nampo is approximately 50 km southwest of Pyongyang, at the mouth of the Taedong River. Since North Korean independence, the city has developed a wide range of industry and has seen significant recent redevelopment.

Before formation of North Korea
The city belonged to Gojoseon until the Three Kingdoms era, when it was taken by Goguryeo. During this time, the city was part of Sogyong (now Pyongyang) until the Goryeo dynasty, when in the aftermath of the Myocheong rebellion, Sogyong was split into six counties, of which currently constitute Nampo are Kangso-hyon, Ryonggang-hyon and Samhwa-hyon. In the late Goryeo period, the area was named Chungnampo for the village of Pogu, located to the south of Chungsan County. After the establishment of Joseon dynsasty, the area belonged to Pyongan Province.

The name of the city comes from the fishing village that was originally located in the Samhwa-hyon area of South Pyongan Province. The city was renamed to Chinnampo during the Japanese occupation of Korea, by adding the character '鎭' as during the First Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese landed in Nampo and defeated the Qing dynasty forces. The name was immediately reverted to Nampo after liberation to be rid of colonial legacies.

After formation of North Korea
The city was founded in 1950 and contained 27 ri. Various rearrangements occurred in 1952 and by 1960, there were 15 dong and 8 ri.

In December 1979, Nampo became a directly-governed city. Taean-si, Ryonggang-gun were absorbed into Nampo and the former Nampo-si was reorganised into Nampo-guyok with jurisdiction over 26 dongs.

In 1983, a major reorganisation occurred and Nampo-guyok was split up into Waudo-guyok and Hanggu-guyok while Taean-si was split into Chollima-guyok, Taean-guyok and Kangso-guyok.

On 9 January 2004, the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly downgraded Nampo from a directly governed city (chikhalsi) to a normal city belonging to South Pyongan Province. For some time after this, Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok and Taean-guyok districts became counties (gun) of South Pyongan Province. By 2012, these counties were re-promoted to districts.

In 2010, the city was detached from South Pyongan Province, and the counties which were originally part of the city reassigned to it along with transferring administration of Onchon-gun to Nampo. Due to these changes, Nampo became the second largest city in North Korea.

In September 2020, a major uplifting of the city was completed, in accordance to the state policy of 'building local cities into distinctive towns'. This resulted in a seaside theme, with buildings mainly remodelled in blue, but also orange and browns. The strong local glass industry produced windows to glaze the apartment buildings. The supply of electricity, water and public transport was improved. As previously, the water supply was quoted to be 'insufficient' due to 'topographical conditions'.

Economy
Nampo was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897, developing into a modern port in 1945 after World War II. With the rapid increase in state investment, the city's industrial capacity grew. Some of the city's industrial facilities include the city's Smelter Complex, Glass Corporation, Shipbuilding complex, Fishery Complex, and other central and local factories. Nampo is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry. North of the city are facilities for freight transportation, aquatic products, and fishery, and a sea salt factory. Apples grown in the city's Ryonggang county (룡강군) are a famous local product.

In a May 1981, Kim Il Sung drew up a plan for the city which included three goals:

 * to be developed into an international port city
 * to increase export volume and be developed into the largest trading port in the DPRK
 * to develop into the largest industrial area in the west of North Korea and to have a focus on heavy industry

Farming
As the city is located on the Taedong River, the surrounding area is well suited to agriculture. Land reclamation occurs along the river and is used for rice growing. Before liberation, the economy was mainly agricultural at 97%, but was in a very backwards condition. This was made worse by the Japanese plundering the rice grown locally. After the foundation of North Korea, the conditions rapidly improved and it was transformed into a modern rural economy and fishery industry.

47.8% of the agricultural land are paddy fields, 40% are fields, 8.7% are orchards and 2.7% are Mulberry fields. The majority of fields sown are for grains, while around 20% is for vegetables. Various livestock are grown on cooperative farms, but also in private farms. The fishery industry in Nampo is one of the most important on the west coast.

Health
The main hospital in Nampo is the Nampho City People's Hospital, which underwent major reconstruction in 2020. The new hospital is reported to greatly enhance the quality of medical services provided by the hospital. It has a telemedicine link to hospitals in Pyongyang to further improve the medical care provided.

Other treatment facilities in the city include the Nampho City Koryo Medicine Hospital, Nampho City Maternity Hospital and the Waudo District People's Hospital.

Industry
Prior to liberation, the industry was fully committed to military needs to supply the Japanese imperialist ambition and was an important port for munitions transport. For convenience, the Japanese-built industries were clustered around what are now the districts of Waudo-guyok and Hunggu-guyok. Since then, Nampo has developed a strong economy with some industries in these areas being demolished and rebuilt in the corridor from Nampo to Pyongyang, such as in Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok or Taean-guyok.

The Nampo Smelting Complex is a key production complex and produces various copper products. It also smelts zinc and lead, although the zinc smelter was allegedly dismantled in 2001 due to pollution concerns. Four other important industries of the city are the Chollima Steel Complex, Taean Friendship Glass Factory, Kumsong Tractor Factory and Taean Heavy Machine Complex. Although the city also has a range of light industry, the major companies are all invested in various forms of heavy industry.

The position of the city has attracted foreign investment, an example being Pyeonghwa Motors, which was a joint venture between the Unification Church and the North Korean government, where about 340 workers built cars from knock-down kits, mainly various Chinese cars and Fiats.

Defence
Nampo has an extensive shipbuilding capability, which along with cargo ships, also builds various warships. A submersible submarine-launched ballistic missile launch platform is based out of Nampo. The platform was first observed in 2017 and was likely operational in 2019, although in 2020 the platform was captured out of the water, possibly for repairs, as at the same time, the first platform in the Sinpho South Shipyard also underwent repairs.

A number of Hainan (Taechong) class patrol vessels, Osa (Soju)-class missile boats, Nongo class fast attack crafts, Komar-class missile boats, Nampo-class corvettes and a Najin-class frigate are based in Nampo.

Alleged uranium enrichment facility
In 2018, a report in The Diplomat claimed to have uncovered a Uranium enrichment facility in Chollima-guyok. A large building is said to contain the centrifuges for isotope separation and is surrounded by a wall, which according to the report, is a sign of a high security facility. The lack of snow on the roof of the building suggest that heat is being produced the entire year, and thus suggested that it is likely to be a uranium enrichment site.

However, these features are common in North Korea, and buildings with security fencing, on-site housing and monuments to the Kim family and are not proof of a uranium enrichment facility. The Korean People's Army brigades that were assigned to the nuclear program are fixed, unlike the shock troops deployed for hydroelectric power station or apartment construction and if they were moved to Nampo, there should be evident signs in satellite imagery, of which there were none. Similarly, the security at the facility is comparably low, being accessed on an open road off the Youth Hero Motorway and with few facilities for security personal onsite. In comparison, the nearby Chamjin Missile Factory (Tae-sung Machine Plant) has noticeably higher security; an actual enrichment facility at the Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center has multiple gates and inspection posts and is in a significantly less exposed position.

Administrative divisions
Nampo is divided into 5 guyŏk and 2 gun, which are in turn subdivided into dong and ri:

Demographics
According to the 2008 North Korea Census, a population of 366,815 lived in the city, of which 310,864 lived in urban areas and 55,951 lived in rural areas.

Geography
Nampo is located on the west coast of Korea, and is mostly low-lying with 82% of the city below 50 metres elevation. There are mountains mostly in the south and east, which are generally below 100 metres above sea level, forming a wavy plain. The highest points in the city are on the Osok mountain range, with Osok-san at 566 m and Guksabong at 506 m. The many rivers and streams flowing through the city provide good conditions for agriculture. Underneath the city, there are iron, manganese, titanium along with other precious metals, including gold and silver.

Natural environment
Around 5,000 birds visit the Kumsong tideland and 76,000 waterbirds visit the lake created by the West Sea Barrage, which includes a number of endangered and vulnerable birds.

Road
The Youth Hero Motorway, completed in October 2000 connects Nampo to Pyongyang. The motorway was built mainly by younger people, and hence the road was renamed in commemoration of their efforts from Pyongyang-Nampo Motorway to the Youth Hero Motorway.

Public transport
Nampo has a trolleybus system which opened around 1982. The system has a main line, running from Nampo Stadium to the northeast of the city and a branch from the main line to the west of the city, near the salt pans. The branch could be only served from the direction of the stadium, and was in poor condition with the overhead line no longer stretched with it not being used at least since 2011. In 2015, the service was reported intermittently operated if at all, and only on weekdays. Operation was returned to normal from 24 August 2021, when the city authorities declared a push to improve transport, which included normalising the trolleybus service. As part of this push, around 20 derelict buses were repaired and brought back into service.

In November 2015, a solar panel electric bus developed by the science and technological committee of Nampo was tested in the city. It is powered by 32 100-watt solar panels charging 50 Taedonggang Batteries and powering a 95 kW DC motor to carry up to 140 passengers at 40 km/h and is part of the effort to alleviate the energy shortages in North Korea.

Tarkhov, Sergei and Dmitriy Merzlov. "North Korean Surprises - Part 3". (Trolleybus Magazine No. 246, November–December 2002).

Air
The only airport in Nampo is the military Onch'ŏn Air Base in Onch'ŏn-gun.

Rail
The first rail line in Korea was built connecting Pyongyang and Chinnampo in 1895 by the Japanese military. It was an 88 km line with cars that were man-powered and running on 21-inch tracks but was dismantled not long after it began operation.

The greater Nampo area is densely served by the Korean State Railway, with a number of stations on the P'yŏngnam Line, the entirety of the Ryonggang, Sŏhaekammun, Posan, Nampohang and Taean lines, and one station on the Ŭllyul Line being located inside the boundaries of Namp'o-t'ŭkpyŏlsi. Branches off the Pyongnam line at Nampo station specifically serve the Nampo Smelting Complex and Nampo Electrode Factory.

River
With the city sitting on the Taedong River, river transport is a significant form of transport. Passenger ships run from Nampo Port to Sohae-ri, Songrim, Unchon County and Pyongyang. Cruise ships run between Waudo and the West Sea Barrage, and between Waudo and Mangyongdae.

Sea
The West Sea Barrage of the port of Nampo, built by erecting an 8-km long sea wall, has three lock chambers which allow the passage of ships up to 50,000 tons, and 36 sluices. Nampo Harbour is often used as the primary port of call for receiving foreign food aid assistance into North Korea. The port of Nampo has modern harbour facilities that can accommodate ships of 20,000 tonnes but is frozen during the winter. Nampo serves as Pyongyang's port on the Yellow Sea. Contrary to most ports, containers that are offloaded at the port are not transported; instead, the contents are removed and transported by cargo trucks, while the containers remain at the port, waiting for goods to be shipped out. In 2008, the harbour received several batches of grain delivery; the first batch delivered in June was sent by the United States and weighed 38,000 tons. A South Korean-based relief organisation, Join Together Society, donated one batch of flour in October of the same year weighing approximately 500 tons.

Vehicle transport ships carry trucks between Nampo port and South Hwanghae Province through the West Sea Barrage, which saves time and fuel from driving a longer distance to the province.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a noticeable decrease in traffic at the Nampo Coal Port, with just a few or no ships visible. Two tanks for petroleum or oil were finally built in 2020 after the bases were completed in 2016, while the other bases for the tanks remains unused. A separate oil terminal also started construction in 2020, including a new offshore wharf. Walls were built with shipping containers which marked a path to the warehouses and divided the port into cargo storage areas, although the purpose is not known but possibly related to COVID-19. The port mainly handles trade of concrete and coal.

Education
Institutes of higher learning in Nampo include
 * Nampo University
 * Sŏhae University
 * Samgwang College
 * Sunhwa College
 * Nampho College of Medical Sciences
 * Nampho University of Agriculture
 * Nampo College of Shipping Industry
 * Nampo Building Materials College
 * Nampo University of Fisheries
 * Kangson College of Engineering
 * Nampho University of Education

Historical relics
Parts of the World Cultural Heritage listed Koguryo tombs are located in Ryonggang County, dating to the 5th century which provides much information on the study of the social, architectural, painting and castles of the Koguryo dynasty. Although most of the murals have faded away, a portrait and a map are still present on the south walls.

An early Koryo Dynasty era granite Buddhist image was unearthed by the Kim Il Sung University and Academy of Social Sciences (North Korea) and registered to the list of national treasures in 2019. Various other artefacts were also unearthed along with it, such as iron arrowheads, metallic currency and pottery. It appears to depict Bhaisajyaguru as it is holding a gallipot with both hands.

The Hwangnyong Fortress was built during Koguryo and repaired in year 919 under the Koryo Dynasty. The original purpose was to defend Pyongyang from invaders in the southwest. The peaks in the north, east, south and west of the fort are used as observation posts during peacetime and can be used as command posts during wartime.

There are three historical tombs in Nampo, all dating to the Goguryeo dynasty.

Notable people from Nampo

 * No Kwang-chol, North Korean general and politician (Workers' Party of Korea)
 * Kim Kil-hak, composer, with title of People's Artist.

Sister cities

 * 🇷🇺 Saint Petersburg, Russia
 * 🇲🇽 Chiautempan, Mexico
 * 🇪🇨 Loja, Ecuador
 * 🇵🇹 Lisbon, Portugal

 * List of cities in North Korea
 * Geography of North Korea

title: Nampo


text:
Vladimir Guerrero

Vladimir Guerrero Alvino Sr. (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed "Vlad the Impaler", is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Anaheim Angels / Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–2009), Texas Rangers (2010), and Baltimore Orioles (2011).

A nine-time All-Star, Guerrero was widely recognized for his impressive offensive production — regularly hitting for power and average — as well as his defensive range and strong throwing arm. In 2004, he was voted the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP). Guerrero helped lead the Angels to five AL West championships between 2004 and 2009 and was voted one of the most feared hitters in baseball in a 2008 poll of all 30 major league managers.

Regarded as the game's premier "bad-ball hitter", Guerrero consistently hit balls thrown well outside the strike zone, a skill evident on August 14, 2009, when he hit a pitch after it bounced in front of home plate. With his aggressive batting style, he hit more than 30 home runs (HR) in each of 8 seasons and surpassed 100 runs batted in (RBI) 10 times, though he had just 2 seasons with at least 65 walks. In the first pitch of an at-bat, Guerrero hit 126 home runs and put 1,780 balls in play.

On September 26, 2011, Guerrero surpassed Julio Franco as the all-time MLB leader for hits by a Dominican player, a record since broken by Adrián Beltré in 2014. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018. In 2021, Guerrero and his son Vladimir Jr. became the second father-son duo in MLB history to each have a 40-home run season in their careers, joining Cecil and Prince Fielder.

Early life and career
Guerrero was raised in Don Gregorio, Dominican Republic, in a house made of mud and brick and a palm-leaf roof. Guerrero's mother, Altagracia, made money selling food on the street until Hurricane David ravaged the country in 1979. After the hurricane, his mother traveled between the Dominican Republic and Venezuela in order to find work, while Guerrero and his siblings were in the care of a great aunt.

One of nine children, Guerrero is the younger brother of ex-major leaguer Wilton Guerrero of the Montreal Expos, where the two were teammates for several seasons. Guerrero and his brothers played baseball using makeshift gloves assembled from milk cartons and socks filled with plastic bags as baseballs. Guerrero did not own a real baseball glove until he was 15 years old, when he received one from his older brother, a minor leaguer. Guerrero's brothers, Eleazar and Julio Cesar, played in the farm systems of the Boston Red Sox and Los Angeles Dodgers, respectively. Guerrero is also the cousin of minor leaguers Armando Guerrero and Cristian Guerrero, and the uncle of major leaguer Gabriel Guerrero.

As a teenager, Guerrero worked out for the Dodgers at their baseball complex in the Dominican Republic but he was ultimately sent home after eight months without a contract. In 1993, scout Arturo DeFreites convinced the Montreal Expos to sign Guerrero for $2,100. During the process he lied about his age, claiming to be born February 9, 1976. It was not until March 2009 that he inadvertently revealed to Major League Baseball that he was born in 1975.

Montreal Expos
Guerrero was signed by the Montreal Expos as an unsigned amateur free agent, on March 1, 1993. He advanced quickly through the Expos' Minor League Baseball (MiLB) farm system, making his MLB debut on September 19, 1996. That night, Guerrero went 1-for-5 at the plate; his first big league hit, a single to center field, came against Atlanta Braves starting pitcher Steve Avery, in the top of the fourth inning, at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium. Two nights later, on September 21, 1996, Braves closer Mark Wohlers yielded Guerrero's first career home run (HR) — a ninth-inning blast that capped Montreal's scoring, in a 5–4 loss. That contest is also significant, in that it marks Guerrero's first multi-hit game.

Guerrero was criticized during his first full season, in 1997 (he had played only nine games, in 1996), for being too aggressive at the plate. Nonetheless, he put up solid numbers for a rookie, batting .302, with 11 home runs and 40 runs batted in (RBI), in just 325 at bats (AB).

Guerrero led all big league outfielders in errors, in 1997 (12; tied), 1998 (17), 1999 (19), 2000 (10; tied), and 2001 (12; tied). He also led all NL outfielders in errors in 2002 (10), and led all AL outfielders in 2006 (11), and 2007 (nine).

Scorn for Guerrero's free-swinging ways changed into admiration, in 1998. While he continued to swing at pitches that were clearly balls, he also continued to hit them with authority. In one instance, Guerrero got a base hit off a pitch that bounced before arriving at home plate. His superior hand-eye coordination and prodigious strength allowed him to be unusually aggressive at the plate, but still put up high batting averages year after year. Despite Guerrero's freeswinging style, he never struck out 100 times in a season.

Guerrero batted .324, with 38 home runs, and 109 RBI, in 1998. Before the end of the 1998 season, he agreed to a $28 million deal. Guerrero represented the Expos at the 1999 All-Star Game. During the 1999 season, he maintained a 31-game hitting streak‚ the longest in the majors in 12 years. Guerrero finished 1999 with 131 RBI, and in 2000, he hit 44 home runs; both figures are career highs.

On July 7, 2001, Guerrero threw out Alberto Castillo in one of the best throws in MLB history. After a base hit by Toronto, Castillo, then a baserunner on second base, saw an opportunity to score a run, as the batter had hit the ball well into deep right field. Guerrero caught the ball off a bounce and threw it to his catcher, who caught it squarely. Castillo was tagged out short of home plate. The throw's distance has been estimated to have been roughly three hundred feet, with its vertical arch peaking at merely 21 feet.

Guerrero posted similar or slightly improved numbers through the 2002 season. He had also developed a running game, stealing 37 bases in 2001. Guerrero also hit 34 home runs, joining the 30–30 club for the first time in his career and leading the major leagues in power-speed number (35.4).

In 2002, Guerrero led the National League with 206 base hits and 364 total bases. He also stole a career-high 40 bases and fell one home run short of becoming the fourth member of the 40–40 club. He became the first player in major league history to hit 30 home runs, steal 40 bases, and hit above .330 in one season. However, Guerrero led the majors in times caught stealing (20).

Guerrero's 2003 season was shortened due to a back injury. In 394 at-bats, he hit .330, with 25 home runs and 79 RBIs. Because of the injury, some in the media thought signing him would be a risk. While Guerrero was playing injured, though, he still managed to hit for the cycle, on September 14, 2003. He would be the final Expo to hit for the cycle before their relocation to Washington after the 2004 season.

Throughout his career, Guerrero set single season Expos records in batting average, slugging, on-base plus slugging (OPS), home runs, RBI, total bases (TB), hits, extra base hits (XBH), TOB, IBB, as well as several other records. He is the all time Expos career leader in batting (.323), homers (234), slugging (.588), and OPS (.978). Guerrero won the Montreal Expos Player of the Year award in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2002.

Anaheim Angels / Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Guerrero was a free agent for the first time after the 2003 season, and signed a five-year, $70 million deal with the Anaheim Angels on January 14, 2004 after being courted by several teams. The owner of the Angels, Arte Moreno, was the first Hispanic controlling owner of a Major League ballclub, and Guerrero cited Moreno's heritage as a motivating factor for choosing the Angels over other teams.

During his first season with Angels, Guerrero led his club, and in some cases the American League (AL), in several offensive categories, including 124 runs (set new club record and led the AL), 13 outfield assists (Tied for 1st in AL), 366 total bases (tied club record and led AL), and a season ending batting average of .337 (3rd in AL). He was the second player in club history with .300/30/100 numbers. Among AL leaders, he finished in the top 10 of 20 major offensive categories, which led to Guerrero being voted the Gene Autry Trophy (Team MVP) by his teammates. Making his fifth MLB All-Star game appearance in July, he led AL outfielders with 3,024,870 votes and was the first Angel outfielder to be a starter since Reggie Jackson in 1984.

Guerrero continued his offensive dominance in September, earning American League Player of the Month after batting .371 with 24 runs scored, six doubles, a triple, 10 home runs and 23 RBI. Guerrero was clutch down the stretch. Over the final seven games of the season, his 10 runs, six home runs and 11 RBI helped the Angels overcome a 3-game deficit, which ultimately led to an American League West Division Crown.

Down the stretch of the 2004 MLB season, Guerrero was impressive. Mike Scioscia, the Angels manager, said that Guerrero "really carried us on his back" in the last month of the season, as the Angels overtook first place from the faltering Oakland Athletics who finished the season one game behind in the standings. Guerrero leading the Angels to their first Western Division title since 1986 (The Angels won the 2002 World Series as the American League Wild Card). These late-season heroics led to Guerrero being chosen as the second Angel to win the AL MVP in franchise history. He finished with 354 points, 100 more than second-place finisher Gary Sheffield.

In the opening best-of-5 round of the playoffs, the Angels were swept by the Boston Red Sox, and Guerrero had an odd batting line: just a .167 average, but six RBIs in three games. He would also have a grand slam in Game 3.

The Angels won the Western Division again in 2005, with Guerrero batting .317 with 32 home runs and 108 RBIs in 520 at bats. Late in the season, Guerrero became the 12th player to hit his 300th home run before the age of 30 (along with Hank Aaron, Jimmie Foxx, Mickey Mantle, Eddie Mathews, Harmon Killebrew, Mel Ott, Frank Robinson, Alex Rodriguez, Ken Griffey Jr., Juan González, and Andruw Jones, who achieved the mark about the same time as Guerrero).

Guerrero had an up-and-down 2005 postseason, batting .389 in ALDS victory over the New York Yankees, but just .050 in the ALCS against the eventual world champion Chicago White Sox. He fared better in a national TV ad for Pepsi with the Yankees' third baseman Alex Rodriguez; the two engaged in a personal home run competition that ended up with the moon being broken. Guerrero also appeared at Game Four of the 2005 World Series, where he was introduced as a member of Major League Baseball's Latino Legends Team.

Guerrero recorded his 1,000th career RBI on July 15, 2006 at home against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays.

Making his 8th Major League Baseball All-Star Game appearance, Guerrero subsequently won his first career Home Run Derby in the 2007 season, highlighted by a 503 ft home run. He is the third Angel to win the Derby (after Wally Joyner in 1986, and Garret Anderson in 2003). Guerrero was chosen for the All-Star Game in each of his first four seasons with the Angels (2004–2007). Guerrero's stellar fielding talent dwindled in the later 2000s due to age and injuries, prompting the long-time outfielder to be reassigned as a designated hitter at the start of the 2009 season.

In 2009, Guerrero was named number 37 on the Sporting News' list of the 50 greatest current players in baseball. A panel of 100 baseball people, many of them members of the Baseball Hall of Fame and winners of major baseball awards, was polled to arrive at the list.

On August 10, Guerrero hit his 400th career home run off Tampa Bay Rays pitcher Russ Springer. On August 26, he recorded his 1,000th career hit as an Angel, a single off Detroit Tigers pitcher Edwin Jackson. This hit made Guerrero only the fourth player (following Frank Robinson, Dave Winfield, and Fred McGriff) to record 1,000 hits as both a National League player and as an American League player.

On October 11, in the ninth inning, Guerrero delivered a two-run single, off Jonathan Papelbon of the Boston Red Sox, scoring Bobby Abreu and Chone Figgins. The clutch base knock gave the Angels a 7–6 lead and eventually the win to finally advance to the ALCS, beating the Red Sox for the first time ever in the postseason.

2009 was the first time that Guerrero had a batting average below .300 (.295), an OPS below .800 (.794), or a doubles total less than 20 (16).

Texas Rangers
On January 11, 2010, Guerrero signed a one-year, $5.5 million deal with incentives and a 2011 option with the Texas Rangers.

He broke up a no-hitter by Shaun Marcum in the seventh inning of the Opening Day game against the Toronto Blue Jays on April 5, 2010. On May 6, 2010 Guerrero hit two home runs versus the Kansas City Royals to secure a 13–12 win. On May 13, 2010, Guerrero's walk off line drive to left field won the final game of a three-game series against the Oakland Athletics in the bottom of the 12th. On May 25, 2010 he hit two more home runs to secure another win over the Kansas City Royals. On June 30, 2010, against his former team, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Guerrero hit two home runs and went 4-for-4 with 5 RBIs.

Guerrero wound up appearing in 152 games with a batting average of .300, 29 home runs and 115 RBIs. He earned a Silver Slugger Award in the regular season for a Texas Rangers club that wound up winning its division and ultimately, the first pennant in Rangers history. He also won the Edgar Martínez Award and earned his ninth invitation to the All-Star Game. On October 22, 2010, Guerrero drove in 3 runs during game 6 of the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees, capturing the first American League pennant for the Texas Rangers. The Rangers would go on to lose the World Series to the San Francisco Giants in five games. On November 3 the Rangers declined to pick up Guerrero's 2011 option making him a free agent.

Baltimore Orioles
Guerrero signed a one-year, $8 million contract with the Baltimore Orioles on February 18, 2011. He became the all-time MLB hits leader among Dominican-born players when he singled off Josh Beckett in the sixth inning of a 6–3 victory over the Boston Red Sox at Camden Yards on September 26, 2011. In 2011, Guerrero hit .290, his lowest batting average since his rookie year with the Montreal Expos in 1996. He also had 13 home runs, 63 RBIs, and 163 base hits for Orioles.

Toronto Blue Jays
Guerrero remained unsigned by any team going into the 2012 Major League Baseball season, leading to much speculation about his potential retirement, though Guerrero insisted that he would not retire. On May 10, 2012, Guerrero signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. During his first game for the Class-A Dunedin Blue Jays on Sunday May 27, 2012, Guerrero hit a home run. Guerrero played in 4 games for Dunedin, with 9 hits in 20 at bats, including 4 home runs and was then promoted to the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s. With the 51s he played in 8 games, with 10 hits in 33 at-bats (.303 avg). He asked for, and was granted, his release on June 12, 2012.

Dominican Professional Baseball League
He started playing in the Dominican Professional Baseball League with the San Pedro de Macorís team Estrellas Orientales. On November 4, 2012 Guerrero came back to the Liga de Béisbol Profesional de la República Dominicana with Tigres del Licey. He played only eight games with Tigres logging a batting average of .188 without a home run. On November 20, 2012, Guerrero quit the team after he was informed by team management that he would be used only as a pinch hitter.

Long Island Ducks
On April 4, 2013, Guerrero signed with the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League. He informed the team that he had family issues to attend to and would not be joining them to start the season. He never appeared with the team in the 2013 season.

Retirement and Hall of Fame induction
On March 31, 2014, Guerrero signed a one-day contract with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and officially retired from professional baseball. Having played his last game in 2011, he became eligible for induction to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017 and was inducted in 2018 along with Chipper Jones, Jim Thome, and Trevor Hoffman, earning 92.9% of the vote. Guerrero is the first member of the Hall to be depicted with an Angels cap, even though he appeared in more games (1004-846) and played in more seasons (8-6) as a Montreal Expo.

Career statistics
In 2,147 games over 16 seasons, Guerrero posted a .318 batting average (2,590 for 8,155) with 1,328 runs, 477 doubles, 46 triples, 449 home runs, 1,496 RBI, 181 stolen bases, 737 bases on balls, .379 on-base percentage, and .553 slugging percentage. Defensively, he finished his career with a .963 fielding percentage. In 44 postseason games, he hit .263 (45-for-171) with 17 runs, seven doubles, two home runs, 20 RBI, two stolen bases, and 14 walks.

Batting style
Guerrero batted without wearing batting gloves, a custom rarely seen in modern baseball. In an interview with Yahoo! Sports, he attributed this to helping his grandfather pull cows home barehanded as a young boy in the Dominican Republic. To improve his grip on the bat, Guerrero coated his helmet with pine tar and rubbed his helmet before going to the on-deck circle. As the season progressed, his batting helmet would become covered in the substance.

Guerrero batted over .300 from 1997 to 2008. He drove in over 100 runs every season between 1998 and 2007, except for 2003. Along with his 2004 MVP season, he finished 6th (2000), 4th (2002), 3rd (2005), 9th (2006), and 3rd (2007) in MVP voting.

In 2008, Guerrero swung at a higher percentage of pitches outside the strike zone, 45.5%, than any other hitter in major league baseball up to that time. This resulted in significantly fewer balls taken by Guerrero compared to other batters of his caliber, although did reduce the percentage of strikes Guerrero took.

Guerrero had a 44-game hitting streak exclusively against the Texas Rangers, from 2004 to 2006, the longest such player-vs.-team streak in MLB history, since 1969. The streak occurred over his first 44 appearances against the Rangers. The streak finally came to an end in August 2006 in a game in which Guerrero was intentionally walked three times, walked four times overall, and finished 0-for-1. He decimated Ranger pitching over the course of his major league career, putting up a career batting line of .395/.461/.661/1.122, with 25 home runs, 34 doubles, and 70 RBI, in 108 games played. During the 2009 postseason, Cal Ripken Jr. commented during a TBS postgame report that Guerrero was "the best bad-ball hitter I've ever seen". On one occasion in a game against the Baltimore Orioles, Guerrero hit a pitch that bounced in the dirt before home plate. Even more unusual, his bat struck the ground as well before hitting the ball.

World Baseball Classic
Guerrero was named to the Dominican Republic's roster for the 2006 World Baseball Classic, although he eventually withdrew due to the death of three cousins in a car accident immediately before the tournament.

Personal life
His son, Vladimir Jr., was born in Montreal in 1999 during the elder Guerrero's time with the Expos. Vladimir Jr. signed with the Toronto Blue Jays on July 2, 2015, made his major league debut on April 26, 2019, and won the All-Star Game MVP on July 13, 2021. Another son, Pablo Guerrero, signed with the Texas Rangers as an international free agent in January 2023. Another son, Vladimir Miguel Guerrero, signed with the New York Mets on January 15, 2024.

Guerrero has provided job opportunities in his hometown in the Dominican Republic through his business ventures: a concrete-block factory, a propane distribution company, a supermarket, a livestock and vegetable farm, and a women's clothing store.

Awards and honors

 * Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (2018)
 * Inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame (2017)
 * American League Most Valuable Player (2004)
 * Edgar Martínez Outstanding Designated Hitter Award (2010)
 * 9× MLB All-Star (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010)
 * 8× Silver Slugger Award winner (1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010)
 * 2× Montreal Expos Minor League Player of the Year (1995, 1996)
 * 4× Montreal Expos Player of the Year (1998, 1999, 2000, 2002)
 * 4× Los Angeles Angels Player of the Year (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
 * 2× Baseball America First-Team Major League All-Star OF (2000, 2004)
 * 3× Baseball America Second-Team Major League All-Star OF (1998, 1999, 2005)
 * South Atlantic League All-Star OF (1995)
 * Eastern League MVP (1996)
 * Double-A Player of the Year (1996)
 * Baseball America 1st team Minor League All-Star OF (1996)
 * Double-A All-Star OF (1996)
 * Eastern League All-Star OF (1996)
 * Eastern League Rookie of the Year (1996)

League top ten

 * Top 10 in MVP voting (2000, 2002, 2004(won), 2005, 2006, 2007)
 * Top 10 in AVG (1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
 * Top 10 in home runs (1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010)
 * Top 10 in RBI (1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010)
 * Top 10 in slugging percentage (1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
 * Top 10 in OBA (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007)
 * Top 10 in OPS (1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
 * Top 10 in hits (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006)
 * Top 10 in runs (2002, 2004)
 * Top 10 in stolen bases (2001, 2002)

title: Vladimir Guerrero