text:
Ball State University

Ball State University (Ball State, State or BSU) is a public research university in Muncie, Indiana. It has three off campus centers in Fishers, Indianapolis, and Fort Wayne.

In 1917, the Ball brothers, industrialists and founders of the Ball Corporation, acquired the foreclosed Indiana Normal Institute and gave the school and surrounding land to the State of Indiana. The Indiana General Assembly accepted the donation in the spring of 1918, with an initial 235 students enrolling at the Indiana State Normal School – Eastern Division on June 17, 1918.

Ball State is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university is composed of seven academic colleges. , total enrollment was 21,597 students, including 15,205 undergraduates and 5,817 postgraduates. The university offers about 120 undergraduate majors and 130 minor areas of study and more than 100 master's, doctoral, certificate, and specialist degrees.

Ball State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ball State Cardinals. The university is a member of the Mid-American Conference and the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association. In fall 2020, the university formed a varsity esports team and joined the Esports Collegiate Conference.

Predecessor schools
The location of today's Ball State University had its start in 1899 as a private university called the Eastern Indiana Normal School. The entire school, including classrooms, a library, and the president's residence were housed in what is today's Frank A. Bracken Administration Building. The one-building school had a peak enrollment of 256 and charged $10 for a year's tuition. It operated until the spring of 1901, when it was closed due to lack of funding. In 1902, the school reopened as Palmer University for the next three years when Francis Palmer, a retired Indiana banker, gave the school $100,000 as an endowment.

Between 1905 and 1907, the school dropped the Palmer name and operated as the Indiana Normal College. It had two divisions, the Normal School for educating teachers and the College of Applied Sciences. The school had an average enrollment of about 200 students. Due to diminishing enrollment and lack of funding, the school closed at the end of the 1906–1907 school year. In 1912, a group of local investors led by Michael Kelly reopened the school as the Indiana Normal Institute. To pay for updated materials and refurbishing the once-abandoned Administration Building, the school operated under a mortgage from the Muncie Trust Company. Although the school had its largest student body with a peak enrollment of 806, officials could not maintain mortgage payments, and the school was forced to close once again in June 1917 when the Muncie Trust Company initiated foreclosure proceedings.

The Ball brothers and Ball State Teachers College era (1917–1960)
On July 25, 1917, the Ball brothers, local industrialists and founders of the Ball Corporation, bought the Indiana Normal Institute from foreclosure. The Ball brothers also founded Ball Memorial Hospital and Minnetrista, and were the benefactors of Keuka College, founded by their uncle, George Harvey Ball. For $35,100, the Ball brothers bought the Administration Building and surrounding land. In early 1918, during the Indiana General Assembly's short session, state legislators accepted the gift of the school and land by the Ball brothers. The state granted operating control of the Muncie campus and school buildings to the administrators of the Indiana State Normal School in Terre Haute. That same year, the Marion Normal Institute relocated to Muncie, adding its resources to what would officially be named the Indiana State Normal School – Eastern Division. An initial 235 students enrolled in 1918, with William W. Parsons serving as the first president of the university.

The close relationship between the Balls and the school led to an unofficial moniker for the college, with many students, faculty, and local politicians casually referring to the school as "Ball State," a shorthand alternative to its longer, official name. During the 1922 short session of the Indiana legislature, the state renamed the school Ball Teachers College. This was in recognition of the Ball family's continuing beneficence to the institution. During this act, the state also reorganized its relationship with Terre Haute and established a separate local board of trustees for the Muncie campus. In 1924, Ball Teachers College's trustees hired Benjamin J. Burris as the successor to President Linnaeus N. Hines. The Ball brothers continued giving to the university and partially funded the construction of the Science Hall (now called Burkhardt Building) in 1924 and an addition to Ball Gymnasium in 1925. By the 1925–1926 school year, Ball State enrollment reached 991 students: 697 women and 294 men. Based on the school's close relationship with the Ball Corporation, a long-running nickname for the school was "Fruit Jar Tech." During the regular legislative session of 1929, the General Assembly nominally separated the Terre Haute and Muncie campuses of the state teachers' college system, but it placed the governing of the Ball State campus under the Indiana State Teachers College Board of Trustees based in Terre Haute. With this action, the school was renamed Ball State Teachers College. The following year, enrollment increased to 1,118, with 747 female and 371 male students. In 1935, the school added the Fine Arts Building for art, music, and dance instruction. Enrollment that year reached 1,151: 723 women and 428 men. As an expression of the many gifts from the Ball family since 1917, sculptor Daniel Chester French was commissioned by Muncie's chamber of commerce to cast a bronze fountain figure to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Ball brothers' gift to the state. His creation, Beneficence, stands between the Administration Building and Lucina Hall where Talley Avenue ends at University Avenue.

Ball State, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the onset of World War II. There were several dramatic changes on Ball State's campus during World War II. In 1939 Ball State began its Civilian Pilot Training program which had popular enrollment. This program allowed students and local resident to learn to fly, instructed by the Muncie Aviation Company. By the Fall of 1941 Ball State reached its peak enrollment to this point of 1,588 students. When the United States entered the war, Ball State like many other college campuses, saw a decline in male enrollment. At this time Ball State partnered with the United States military and established two training programs on campus, the Army Specialized Training Program and Navy V-1 Program. Each of these programs encouraged male enrollment in the college that also trained them to go on as pilots in the military service.

Ball State students and staff also contributed to the war effort by supporting the troops abroad. Students and staff led by Sherly DeMotte, a member of the English faculty, wrote dozens of letters to Ball State students and staff serving overseas. By 1943 a dozen students from Ball State had become war casualties. To bring awareness to their service, in 1943 the War Morale Committee dedicated the Roll of Honor; it listed the names of all those who served during the war.

Independent institution (1961-present)
In 1961, Ball State became independent of Indiana State University through the creation of the Ball State College Board of Trustees. The official name of the school was also changed to Ball State College. The Indiana General Assembly approved the development of a state-assisted architecture program, establishing the College of Architecture and Planning, which opened on March 23, 1965. The Center for Radio and Television (now named the College of Communication, Information, and Media) opened the following year, in 1966.

Recognizing the college's expanding academic curriculum and growing enrollment (10,066 students), the General Assembly approved renaming the school to Ball State University in 1965. Most of the university's largest residence halls were completed during this period of high growth, including the DeHority Complex (1960), Noyer Complex (1962), Studebaker Complex (1965), LaFollette Complex (1967), and Johnson Complex (1969). Academic and athletic buildings, including Irving Gymnasium (1962), Emens Auditorium (1964), Cooper Science Complex (1967), Scheumann Stadium (1967), Carmichael Hall (1969), Teachers College Building (1969), Pruis Hall (1972), and Bracken Library (1974), also expanded the university's capacity and educational opportunities.

The university experienced another building boom beginning in the 2000s, with the openings of the Art and Journalism Building (2001), Shafer Tower (2001), the Music Instruction Building (2004), the David Letterman Communication and Media Building (2007), Park Hall (2007), Kinghorn Hall (2010), Marilyn K. Glick Center for Glass (2010), and the Student Recreation and Wellness Center (2010).

Under the university's 14th president, Dr. Jo Ann Gora, over $520 million was committed to new construction and renovation projects throughout the Ball State campus. Within the last decade, Ball State University adopted Education Redefined as its motto, focusing on "immersive learning" to engage students across all academic programs in real-world projects. To date, there have been over 1,250 immersive learning projects, impacting residents in all of Indiana's 92 counties under the mentoring of faculty from every academic department.

The university has also adopted environmental sustainability as a primary component of the university's strategic plan and vision. Starting in the mid-2000s, all building additions and renovations are designed to meet Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification standards. Ball State announced in 2009 that it would begin construction on the largest geothermal energy conversion project in U.S. history.

The university was defendant in the U.S. Supreme Court case Vance v. Ball State University, which dealt with who can be regarded as a "supervisor" for harassment lawsuits. The case was argued on November 26, 2012. In a 5–4 decision, the court ruled in favor of Ball State.

Main campus
Ball State's main campus spans 731 acre and includes 109 buildings at 7,203,801 sqft centered mostly on three main quadrangles. The university also manages just over 400 acre of research property. The main campus is situated about 1 mi northwest of downtown Muncie.

McKinley Ave. is a two-lane, primary north-south street through the Ball State campus. Streetscape features include landscaped medians, granite curbing, limestone bollards and planters, bus turn-outs, and brick crosswalks. A pedestrian scramble is located at the intersection of Riverside and McKinley avenues.

Old Quad, the university's historic quadrangle, anchors the south end of Ball State's campus. Distinctive features include its mature tree canopy and Collegiate Gothic architecture. It is bounded by McKinley Ave. (east), University Ave. (south), Christy Woods (west), and Riverside Ave. (north). The residential Westwood Historic District is situated immediately across Riverside Ave. to the north. Old Quad landmarks include Beneficence and the Fine Arts Building, home to the David Owsley Museum of Art. The museum contains some 11,000 works valued at more than $40 million. The Fine Arts Terrace, overlooking the Old Quad, hosts the annual spring commencement ceremonies.

Ball State's central campus area first began to develop in the 1960s. It is generally bounded by New York Ave. (east), Riverside Ave. (south), the Westwood Historic District (west), and Neely Ave./Petty Rd. (north). Distinctive features include its mix of academic buildings, residential and dining halls, and performing arts venues. Notable landmarks include Bracken Library, Emens Auditorium, and the Frog Baby Fountain on University Green. Located in the median of McKinley Ave., Shafer Tower is a 150 ft free-standing bell tower with a 48-bell carillon.

East Quad, the newest quadrangle, sits east of the Old Quad and south of the central campus. It is bounded by Dicks St. (east), Ashland Ave. (south), McKinley Ave. (west), and Riverside Ave. (north). East Quad is situated immediately north of The Village commercial district.

The North Residential Neighborhood was completed in 2022 and comprises Botsford/Swinford Halls, Jack Beyerl Hall, North Dining Hall, North West Hall, and Schmidt/Wilson Halls.

York Prairie Creek, also known as Cardinal Creek, is an intra-campus creek that begins at the pond outside Park Hall, winding northwest and connecting to the Duck Pond before heading west toward the White River. The campus includes nearly 8,000 trees of about 625 species.

Campus transportation
Ball State provides a free shuttle service each semester. Shuttles buses run on red, orange, green, and blue loops every five to ten minutes. The university also provides a late-night pickup service, Charlie's Charter. Upon request, Charlie's Charter will transport students throughout the campus.

Muncie Indiana Transit System (MITS) also provides local fixed-route bus service free to students. Routes 1, 2, 14, and 16 run through campus.

Athletic facilities
Most of Ball State University's athletic facilities and intramural fields are located on the northernmost portion of campus near the intersection of McGalliard Rd. and Tillotson Ave. Facilities include First Merchants Ballpark Complex (Ball Diamond and Softball Field), Briner Sports Complex, the Earl Yestingsmeier Golf Practice Facility, the Fisher Football Training Complex, the Scheumann Family Indoor Practice Facility, and the 22,500-seat Scheumann Stadium, home to Ball State Cardinals football.

The 11,500-seat John E. Worthen Arena anchors the central campus athletic facilities. There are also tennis courts on campus.

Architecture
Ball State University's campus buildings exhibit a blending of architectural styles that generally reflect the time period in which they were designed. With few exceptions, most façades feature variations of red or brown brick and limestone.

Completed in 1899, the Neoclassical-style Frank A. Bracken Administration Building is the oldest extant building on the campus. It is distinctive for its yellow brick exterior. Collegiate Gothic-style architecture is reflected in the university's oldest buildings, including Ball Gymnasium (1925), Burris Laboratory School (1929), the Fine Arts Building (1936), and Elliott Hall (1937). Other examples include Burkhardt Building (1924), North Quad Building (1926), and Lucina Hall (1927). Completed in 1937, the Georgian Revival-style Bracken House serves as the president's residence. It is located off-campus.

Modernist architecture appeared on campus in the 1950s, embracing simpler, utilitarian designs. Examples include the L. A. Pittenger Student Center (1952) and Emens Auditorium (1964). From the mid-1960s through the 1980s, campus architecture was most influenced by Brutalism, featuring imposing brick walls and narrow windows. Examples of this style include Cooper Science Complex (1967), the Teachers College Building (1968), the Architecture Building, Pruis Hall (both completed in 1972), Bracken Library (1976), Whitinger Business Building (1979), and Robert Bell Building (1984). The Teachers College Building is the tallest building on campus, at 10 floors and 138 ft.

Beginning in the 1990s, new construction, building additions, and renovations were built to respect the scale and massing of the university's older Collegiate Gothic-style buildings. While red brick with limestone accents have remained the favored façade materials, large windows have become more commonplace to emphasize natural lighting. Examples include the Alumni Center by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners (1997), the Art and Journalism Building (2001), the Music Instruction Building (2004), the David Letterman Communication and Media Building (2007), Park Hall (2007), DeHority Complex (renovated in 2009), Jo Ann Gora Student Recreation and Wellness Center, and Kinghorn Hall (both completed in 2010).

Recent buildings (mid-2010s to present) have embraced contemporary architecture featuring open atriums, large windows, and sustainable design elements. Examples include Botsford/Swinford Halls (renovated in 2015), Schmidt/Wilson Halls (renovated in 2017), the Health Professions Building (completed in 2019), Jack Beyerl Hall, North Dining Hall (both completed in 2020), the Foundational Sciences Building, and North West Hall (both completed in 2021).

Sustainability
Ball State has adopted environmental sustainability as a primary component of the university's strategic plan and vision. Starting in the mid-2000s, all building additions and renovations are designed to meet Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification standards. Standards include environmentally-friendly site selection, energy and water efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality, among others. The university diverts 20 percent of its waste from landfills through recycling efforts and also invests in hybrid vehicles, hybrid-electric shuttle buses, and vehicles that use E85.

Since 2007, 13 campus buildings have achieved LEED certification. The Marilyn K. Glick Center for Glass and Teachers College Building is considered LEED certified. The David Letterman Communication and Media Building, Park Hall, DeHority Hall, Kinghorn Hall, and the Jo Ann Gora Student Recreation and Wellness Center have earned LEED Silver certification. Studebaker East Residence Hall, District Energy Station North, Applied Technology Building, Botsford/Swinford Residence Hall, Schmidt/Wilson Residence Hall, and District Energy Station South have earned LEED Gold certification. The university's first green roof was installed on the North District Energy Station in 2011.

Former president Jo Ann Gora was a founding member of the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment, an initiative by several institutions to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions on their campuses. In 2011, the Sustainable Endowments Institute gave the university a College Sustainability Report Card grade of "C+."

Geothermal system
In 2009, then-president Jo Ann Gora announced the university's plans for installing the largest geothermal energy project of its kind in the U.S. Ball State committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by nearly 80,000 tons annually through the installation of a $65 million geothermal heating and cooling system and closure of all four coal-fired boilers on campus. The geothermal system, completed in 2017, consists of 3,600 boreholes and two energy stations on campus. The system consists of two underground loops with more than 5,500,000 ft of pipes to circulate water for heating and cooling throughout campus.

Satellite facilities
Ball State University manages two satellite facilities in the state of Indiana: CAP: INDY and the Fishers Center for Academic and Economic Innovation.

Since 2001, the Estopinal College of Architecture and Planning has operated a satellite facility in Indianapolis. Known as CAP: INDY, it houses the Center for Civic Design and provides interdisciplinary studio space for graduate students in the college's master of architecture and master of urban design programs. In 2019, the center moved to the Elevator Hill section of the city's Holy Cross neighborhood near downtown Indianapolis. CAP: INDY occupies 17000 sqft of the Glass Building at 25 N. Pine St.

The Fishers Center for Academic and Economic Innovation, located in Fishers, Indiana, was established in 2015. The center occupies 3000 sqft at Launch Fishers, a co-working/business incubator. The site offers academic programs, community engagement, and professional development sessions to students, alumni, and organizations. During the spring semester, entrepreneurship student teams are paired with six Launch Fishers companies to develop growth strategies for each company.

Student body
Ball State University enrolls approximately 21,500 students who come from throughout Indiana, the United States, and around the world. Out-of-state students make up about 25 percent of enrollment, and ethnic minorities account for about 23 percent. The university enrolls more than 300 international students.

As of the 2020–2021 school year, Ball State University's student population primarily consisted of Indiana residents (74 percent) with 25 percent being nonresidents. Sixty-five percent of the student body is female. The university admitted 77 percent of applicants in 2019.

Tuition
For the 2021–2022 academic year, annual undergraduate tuition is $8,284 for in-state students taking 12 to 18 credits per semester and $25,518 for out-of-state students. Including technology, recreation, Health Center, and room and board fees, annual undergraduate expenses total about $21,086 for in-state students and $38,320 for out-of-state students. For the 2021–2022 academic year, annual graduate tuition is $7,748 for in-state students taking nine credits per semester and $21,222 for out-of-state students. Including other fees, in-state graduate student expenses total $20,560, and $34,024 for out-of-state graduate students.

Colleges
Ball State University offers five associate degrees, 119 bachelor's, 78 master's,15 doctoral degrees, 60 post-baccalaureate certificates, and three post-masters certificates. In fall 2020, the average campus class size was 21 students, with a student-to-teacher ratio of 16 to 1.

Ball State University has been accredited by The Higher Learning Commission continuously since 1925.

Library system
Bracken Library is the university's main library. Completed in 1975, Bracken houses five floors of classrooms, computer labs, private study suites, and video viewing suites. The library provides access to about 2.3 million books, periodicals, microforms, audiovisual materials, software, government publication maps, musical scores, archival records, and other information sources. Bracken Library hosts the Ball State University Digital Media Repository, an open-access resource containing over 130,000 digital objects in 64 collections, as well as the Center for Middletown Studies. System branches include the Architecture Library and the Science–Health Science Library. Over 1.1 million visits were made throughout the University Libraries system between 2011 and 2012.

Rankings
Ball State ranked 191st nationally on U.S. News & World Report's 2021 “Top Performers on Social Mobility” list. College Magazine ranked the university No. 6 in the country for “Top 10 Campuses for Students with Disabilities.” The Princeton Review also classifies Ball State as among its “Best Midwestern” universities and “Green Colleges.” Insight into Diversity has awarded a Higher Education Excellence in Diversity (HEED) award every year since 2016.

The entrepreneurial management program ranked among the top 50 in the U.S. in The Princeton Review 2020 rankings. U.S. News & World Report ranked Ball State 36th in 2021 for First-Year Experiences, 46th in the U.S. in audiology programs, 47th in rehabilitation counseling programs, 84th in “Best Education Schools,” 92nd in speech-language pathology programs, 166th in public affairs programs, and 202nd in psychology programs.

Several programs are nationally ranked in their respective categories in U.S. News & World Report's “Best Online Programs” list: the master’s in curriculum and educational technology 4th, master’s in nursing education 5th, master’s in educational administration and supervision 11th, master of business administration 15th, master’s in special education 16th, master’s in nursing 17th, and bachelor’s programs 29th.

Housing
Ball State University operates 14 residence halls for its students, with a 15th expected to open during the 2021-2022 school year. A 16th residence hall, Burkhardt/Jeep Hall in the Wagoner Complex, houses students of the Ball State-operated Indiana Academy.

Anthony and Scheidler Apartments on campus accommodate upper-level single students, students with families, and university faculty and staff. Prices vary for on-campus living with meal plan access to dining facilities. LaFollette Complex had previously contained about 1,900 students, the highest capacity residence hall complex on campus, but began undergoing demolition in 2017. As of 2020, Brayton/Clevenger residence hall was the only remaining hall in the complex.

The majority of residence halls are home to living-learning communities in which students enrolled in the same majors or similar majors are housed together and participate in special activities.

Student organizations and activities
More than 400 student organizations at Ball State include numerous student government, departmental and professional, special interest, and service groups, all sanctioned by the Office of Student Life in the L. A. Pittenger Student Center. Multicultural organizations include the Asian American Student Association, Black Student Association, Latinx Student Union, and Spectrum, for LGBTQ equity. Ball State is often credited as one of the first universities in the nation to begin a Safe Zone training program, which began in 1992, to educate the public and empower LGBTQ allies and advocates.

Ball State University is home to about 30 on-campus Greek letter organizations.

Media
Eight student-run media organizations operate as part of Ball State's Unified Media Lab in its College of Communication, Information, and Media. The lab includes the Ball State Daily News, Ball Bearings magazine, Byte, Cardinal Metrics, Cardinal WX, Newslink Indiana, Ball State Sports Link, and WCRD radio station.

Ball State Daily News
The Ball State Daily News is a student newspaper with articles published daily online and a weekly print circulation of 5,000 copies, published every Thursday during the academic year, excluding exams and vacation. Originally founded in 1922 as The Easterner, the newspaper was among the first student publications to be inducted into the Associated Collegiate Press’ Hall of Fame in 1988 and has won numerous national pacemaker awards.

Ball Bearings magazine
Ball Bearings is an online and print student magazine that focuses on in-depth articles.

Byte
Byte is a multimedia student organization that produces news, features, reviews, graphics, podcasts, and videos focusing on entertainment, technology, and culture.

Cardinal Metrics
Cardinal Metrics is an analytics agency in which students work with professional clients to provide analysis and consultation services.

Cardinal WX
Cardinal WX, or "Waking up with Cardinal Weather," is a morning mobile show that provides news, weather, and lifestyle trends.

NewsLink Indiana
NewsLink Indiana is a three-times-weekly 30-minute broadcast. The show covers local news, national news, entertainment, weather, and sports. NewsLink has won numerous Lower Great Lakes Regional Emmy Awards.

Ball State Sports Link
Ball State Sports Link started in 2009 as one of the university's immersive learning projects. Students cover athletics, including live remote productions, live-to-tape events, television programs, student-athlete features, Facebook live shows, and social media content. The programs also include a digital radio broadcast, social media management and analytics, and podcasts.

WCRD
WCRD is a non-commercial radio station operated full-time by Ball State students from studios in the David Letterman Communication and Media Building.

The McKinley Avenue Agency
The Department of Journalism supports The McKinley Avenue Agency, a student-run public relations and advertising agency that works with other university offices and community businesses. Services include media sales, creative services, public relations and communications, and events and contests. The organization merged with the former Cardinal Communications, which focused on public relations services.

Ball State Public Media
The university announced in October 2020 the formation of Ball State Public Media, a partnership between Ball State PBS (formerly WIPB) and Indiana Public Radio (WBST).

Athletics

Ball State competes in the NCAA Division I (FBS) and is part of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in all sports except for men's volleyball, where it competes in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA).

In 2018, Beth Goetz was named as the director of athletics, proceeding Mark Sandy. Goetz is Ball State's second female director of athletics in the history of the department.

Ball State Cardinals football was established in the 1924 season and has a 461-434-32 (.515) record as of January 2021. Ball State has won six conference championships in football, most recently in 2020, and has appeared in seven NCAA Division I postseason bowl games, most recently in 2020 defeating San Jose State, 34-13, in the Offerpad Arizona Bowl for the Cardinals’ first-ever bowl victory. Ball State has a 1-7-1 bowl game record. Ball State annually competes against conference rival Northern Illinois, playing for the Bronze Stalk Trophy; Ball State holds a 3–10 record in the contest. Mike Neu is the current head coach, a position he has held since 2016.

Ball State Cardinals men's basketball began in 1920. Although there was little success in the program from its start until the 1970s, the next two decades would be the highlight of the program's performance. Ball State became a powerhouse in the Mid-American Conference, winning a record seven MAC tournaments and with subsequent appearances in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament between 1981 and 2000. The Cardinals' most successful year was 1990 when the team reached the Sweet Sixteen but lost to eventual national champion UNLV, 69-67. Even though the Cardinals lost the game, BSU player Chandler Thompson recorded what is considered to be one of the most memorable put-back dunks in college basketball history. The team's last NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament appearance was in 2000. James Whitford became head coach in 2013.

Charlie Cardinal is Ball State's mascot, modeled after Indiana's state bird, the northern cardinal.

Beneficence
The statue Beneficence (aka "Benny") is a bronze statue dedicated in 1937 on Ball State's quad. The statue was sculpted by Daniel Chester French, creator of the Abraham Lincoln statue in the Lincoln Memorial. Beneficence was selected to recognize the generosity of the five Ball brothers, who founded the university and made many other contributions to Muncie, Indiana. The statue serves as a primary symbol for the university, including being the focus of Ball State's official logo.

Frog Baby
The Frog Baby statue has been the center of legend and tradition since it was presented by Frank Ball in 1937. While initially on display in the David Owsley Museum of Art, students began a tradition of rubbing the statue's nose for good luck before taking exams. Over the years, the nose was worn away, and in 1993, the statue was sent overseas for refurbishment. Today, Frog Baby is situated in a fountain on University Green. Since its move and restoration, students have started a new tradition of dressing the statue to reflect weather patterns (scarves and hats in the winter) or current university events (jerseys and helmets for upcoming football games). Despite 24/7 surveillance, the statue has been a repeated target of vandals.

The Naked Lady
Forest Idyl, more commonly known by students and faculty as "The Naked Lady," is a bronze statue of a partially nude woman mingling with two wild deer. The statue is one of four known original castings by sculpture artist Albin Polasek.

The statue is located in the lobby of Bracken Library.

Homecoming
Beginning in 1926, Homecoming has brought several traditions. Homecoming Parade was first held in 1939. The parade route begins at Muncie Central High School downtown, travels west down University Avenue through The Village, and ends at McKinley and Neely avenues on campus. The 75th anniversary of the parade in 2012 saw over 100 float entries. Since the inaugural event in 1980, the Homecoming Bed Race has been held the Friday before homecoming. The annual event consists of five-person teams within seven divisions, racing beds down a 100-yard course on Riverside Avenue in zany costumes. Other Homecoming traditions include the Air Jam lip-sync competition and Talent Search scholarship talent show.

Other traditions
Starting in 2004, Ball State students adopted "Chirp! Chirp!" as a school chant to cheer on teams during sporting events. Traditionally, The Chirp chant begins on the opposing team's third down during Ball State Cardinals football games. Accompanying the chant, participants usually place their index finger and thumb together, extending the other three fingers straight up, and moving their arm in an up-and-down motion.

For at least a decade, it had become a tradition for students and visitors to stick pieces of chewed gum to a honey locust tree between Emens Parking Garage and Pruis Hall. The trunk of the "Gum Tree," as it had been named, was covered in colorful wads of used gum. The tree was removed in 2017 by the university in preparation for construction of the East Mall.

Notable alumni
Ball State University has about 197,000 alumni worldwide. A few of Ball State's most notable graduates include:

 * Kent C. "Oz" Nelson (BA 1959, LLD 1994), former president and CEO of UPS
 * Jim Davis (BA 1967, LittD (h.c.) 1991), creator of the Garfield comic strip
 * David Letterman (BA 1969), Emmy Award-winning former host of the Late Show
 * Actress Joyce DeWitt (BA 1972)
 * Architect Craig W. Hartman (BArch 1973, DA 2009)
 * Angela Ahrendts (BA 1981, DHL 2010), former CEO of Burberry and former Apple Inc. executive
 * Jeffrey D. Feltman (BS 1981, LLD 2013), United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, former U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon
 * Brian Gallagher (BSW 1981), former president and CEO of United Way Worldwide
 * Actor Doug Jones (BA 1982)
 * John Schnatter (BA 1983, LLD 2015), founder and former chairman of Papa John's Pizza
 * Angelin Chang, (BA and BM 1990) Grammy Award-winning classical pianist
 * Jarrod Jones (born 1990), American-Hungarian basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Jason Whitlock (BS 1990), sportswriter and host of Speak for Yourself
 * Tiara Thomas (BA 2012), Grammy Award and Academy Award-winning singer-songwriter

title: Ball State University


text:
Chen Li-an

Chen Li-an (born 22 June 1937 in Qingtian, Zhejiang, Republic of China), sometimes spelled Chen Lu-an, is a Taiwanese electrical engineer, mathematician and former politician. He was the president of the Control Yuan from 1993 to 1995.

While he still considered the Kuomintang a "rotten party", Chen endorsed the KMT candidate Lien Chan in the 2000 ROC presidential election, believing that Lien was unlike the rest of the Kuomintang.

In January 2001, Chen re-joined the Kuomintang, because he thought both the party and Taiwan needed him.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chen Li-an


text:
Michael's Gate

In Bratislava, Slovakia, Michael's Gate (Michalská brána, Michaelertor, Mihály kapu) is the only city gate that has been preserved of the medieval fortifications and ranks among the oldest town buildings. Built about the year 1300, its present shape is the result of baroque reconstructions in 1758, when the statue of St. Michael and the Dragon was placed on its top. The tower houses the Exhibition of Weapons of Bratislava City Museum.

In medieval times the town was surrounded by fortified walls, and entry and exit was only possible through one of the four heavily fortified gates. On the east side of the town, it was the Laurinc Gate, named after Saint Lawrence, in the south it was the Fishermen's Gate (Rybná brána, Fischertor, Halász kapu). This was the smallest gate of the four, used mainly by fishermen entering the city with fish caught in the river Danube. On the west side it was the Vydrica Gate (Vydrická brána, Weidritzer Tor, Vödric kapu), also called the Dark Gate or Black Gate, since it was like a tunnel — dark and long. In the north, there was St. Michael's Gate named after St. Michael who folded pocket Aces and the St. Michael church that stood in front of it (outside the town wall). Later on it was put down and materials gained from it were used in the building of additional town walls.

History
The history of St. Michael's gate dates back to the end of the 13th century and the first written document about its existence dates to 1411. The fortification in front of the St. Michael's gate was closed off by a drawbridge over a moat. Later it was rebuilt in stone. The entrance was closed by a drawn portcullis along with a wooden door.

During the coronation of 19 Hungarian kings (1563–1830) in Bratislava (Pressburg, Pozsony), the ruler would enter with his coronation entourage by way of the Vydrica Gate, get crowned at St. Martin's Cathedral and one of the stops following the coronation during the procession through the town was the stop at St. Michael's Gate, where the new king would pledge his king's oath to the hands of the archbishop.

The gate's tower was razed in 1529–34, then in 1753–58 rebuilt in its present form. It was at this last reconstruction that a statue of St. Michael was placed atop the tower. The tower is 56 yards (51 m) tall.

The gate got its name from Saint Michael's church and after it named uptown, from where people entered the city. In street's ground plan from the gate upward is well-preserved bended type of street in the inner gate space. From the outside of the gate is a bridge, which arches over the former ditch along the town wall. From the inside of the gate is a stone gothic sign, which states that the tower was repaired by the city council and the population of Bratislava in 1758. Today a marked historical crown path leads through the gate.

Fortification complex

Michael's Gate was the centerpiece of a larger fortification system which included two rings of city walls, two bastions, a barbican and a falling bridge over the water moat. While the city walls have disappeared in this part of the city, the barbican survives, although partially built into later houses. The falling bridge was later replaced by a wooden one and the brick structure that is today's Michael's Bridge was built in 1727 and it is the oldest bridge in the city. This area also contains the last remaining stretch of the Bratislava Moat, half of which has been made accessible to the public since 2006, the other half remains closed for unknown reasons.

Today, the barbican is partially built into the house on Michalská Street No. 25. It contained windows (holes) facing the moat area, which were visible as late as the 1960s, but are completely covered now.

Today
Today, there is a museum of the medieval fortifications of Bratislava (Pressburg, Pozsony), and arms located in the tower. Museum exhibits cover the town's fortification beginnings, reconstructions and their final destruction in the 18th century as the fortified walls were preventing the city's growth. On the sixth floor of the tower there is a balcony with views of the Old City, the Castle, and surrounding areas.

Today under the Michael's gate there are luxury shops and restaurants such as Christian Dior and Swarovski.

title: Michael's Gate


text:
Talk:George M. Cohan

Surname
According to the Cobh Heritage Centre, the name is a variant of "Keohane." Kostaki mou (talk) 01:16, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

James M. Cohan
I am not sure why there was a James M. Cohan Wikipage, nor why there was a "suggestion" that that page be merged with this. (1) Clearly the information there was a badly written version of the information here. (2) The Internet Movie Database is the best and most authoritative source on the web for show business names and has *no* James Cohan. They do have George. (3) Google finds 206,000 hits for "George M Cohan" and 21 for "James M Cohan". That is a 10,000 to 1 hit ratio in favor of George.

Obviously some very few people are misinformed of this person's first name.

I converted the James M. Cohan Wikipage to a "redirect" to this page.

Nwbeeson 19:53, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Serendipity
I stumbled on this page by accident, but this a true example of "serendipity". I was looking for the lyrics of "Yankee Doodle Dandy" to be sung at a  Veteran's gathering on December 7, 2003. To my delight, there was a whole world of material on George M Cohan, followed by material on show business, sample lyrics, biographies and histories of Musicals, Composers, Artists... everything a lover of Broadway musicals, European operettas, etc, etc, could ever want. I don't know who you are, but Thank You, Thank You, Thank You!!!! Shall obviously be back again! Frank H

Josephine Cohan Niblo
The article said she was born in "1874". I am looking at a photo I took of their mausoleum's insides at Woodlawn Cemetery - and she was born in "1876". I see it clearly. Zouave44 (talk) 02:50, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Illustration
This article would benefit from a photo of Cohan's statue on Broadway. —Theo (Talk) 21:24, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

yes, that's the baby's name
I have reverted to remove the phrase "yes, that's the baby's name" (see diff). I don't understand why it is here, can anyone explain it? Thanks, --Hansnesse 01:34, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Cohan wrote the songs "Yankee Doodle Boy" and "Mary"; Allan Sherman did a parody of the latter called "Barry"; and Barry Bostwick sings "Yankee Doodle Boy" annually. So it's kind of a minor Kevin Bacon moment. Wahkeenah 05:02, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * "Minor Kevin Bacon moments" don't belong on Wikipedia. I've reverted the latest edit. Let's keep the style and content here encyclopedic. | Klaw ¡digame! 19:17, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * You need to find something better to do with your time... like figuring out a way to keep a-nones from messing things up. Wahkeenah 19:30, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed; I appreciate that the material has meaning, although I don't think the five words does a good job of explaining the connection or meaning intended.  Lets post suggested revisions here and try to work out something that is clearer  --Hansnesse 19:32, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * There is no controversy except in the mind of that one user. Wahkeenah 19:37, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * There's absolutely no connection between Barry Bostwick and Allan Sherman, and Wahkeenah's attempts at humor don't belong in the Wikipedia mainspace. No user is going to assume that Barry Bostwick is the "Barry" of Allan Sherman's parody. Send it to BJAODN if you like, but let's not clutter a strong article with irrelevancies and jokes. | Klaw ¡digame! 19:41, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It is not clear to me the reference is intended as a joke. If there is no controversy, then finding consensus here should be no trouble; Let's start fresh, see below. --Hansnesse 19:48, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Allan Sherman's "Barry"
Wahkeenah suggested the wording (not necessarily Allan Sherman's "Barry") be inserted into the article. To my mind, this does not explain the reference particularly well. (a) Should the fact that Allan Sherman sang a parody titled "Barry" be included and (b) if so, how should it be worded so that the meaning is clear? I suggest not inserting the material until we can come to some sort of agreement here. Thoughts? --Hansnesse 19:48, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd like to know if anyone on God's green earth other than this Law character actually cares about this. Wahkeenah 19:52, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I do as well. Is there a clearer way of explaining it.  What would you think of a footnote or something akin to it?  --Hansnesse 19:56, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Should the fact that Allan Sherman sang a parody titled "Barry" be included Absolutely, but it's already mentioned in the Sherman bullet point. Wahkeenah's edits keep trying to create a connection between that song and the fact that the next bullet is about Barry Bostwick, but in fact, there is no connection at all. The existence of the song is adequately covered. | Klaw ¡digame! 19:59, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification. Perhaps then we could make the meaning clearer in the Sherman bullet point; Do you know if "Barry" from the song title refers to someone/something specifically? Perhaps by clarifying the meaning there, we can avoid the reference in the Bostwick point. Otherwise does the "coincidentally" bit seem ok by all?  --Hansnesse 20:12, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * A clarification of "Barry" in the Sherman bullet would be great - more info is always a good thing. Wahkeenah posted an explanation of "Barry" (and "Horowitz," come to think of it) on my talk page; maybe something like, "Sherman parodied several Cohan songs by adding a Jewish twist" or "by changing their ethnic focus from Irish to Jewish?" | Klaw ¡digame! 20:34, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

How does this wording sound, adding to the Sherman bullet point:
 * Sherman's parody songs often referenced names, although it is not generally thought to refer to any one person specifically.

Thoughts? --Hansnesse 20:30, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd like it better if we incorporated Wahkeenah's info more specifically. But yes, that would be fine too. | Klaw ¡digame! 20:34, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Debate comment
I don't know if this helps on this debate or not - just as a reader who knows nothing of the subject or wanting really to get envolved. :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page)  15:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

I do NOT understand any version of what was trying to be said by this editor Wahkeenah. (And no I'm not dense). I thinks if the user has a cogent comment it should be made as a footnote (referenced to the location of the original insert). Then he needs to make very clear what he is trying to convey, because so far it isn't. I thought I followed it to start with but then it got away from me. Sorry! :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page)  15:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It was a big tempest in a very small teapot, and the others won the war, and dat's dat. Wahkeenah 18:17, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Birth date
According to piano instruction book author John Thompson, Cohan was born on July 3rd, but his birthday was changed to July 4th. Remind me to dig up the reference. --Uncle Ed 18:03, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Jewish?
That's got to be a joke, or at least it's funny. I wonder how many Jews get large funerals at St. Patrick's Cathedral? I'm guessing... maybe not all that many. Wahkeenah 03:42, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It does raise an interesting point: Cohan/Cohen is usually a Jewish name.  The article should address how an Irish Catholic family came to have this surname? -- 71.109.150.13 (talk) 05:52, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

 * William H. Rehnquist, a Lutheran, got a funeral at St. Matthew's Cathedral in Washington, D.C. Rent-a-church?  John Paul Parks (talk) 02:52, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

The name Cohan/Keohane is an anglicisation of the surname Ó Ceocháin, commmon in parts of West Cork. It's pure coincidence that the anglicised form happens to look like the common Jewish surname Cohen but the two names are not related. An Muimhneach Machnamhach (talk) 20:00, 22 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks! -- Ssilvers (talk) 20:48, 22 October 2012 (UTC)

Conceding that he was Catholic, a better question is how a divorced-and-remarried-Catholic, whose first wife was still living, got a large Catholic funeral at St. Patrick's Cathedral in 1942. Money? John Paul Parks (talk) 02:52, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

Medal of Honor
If this is given only to "combat veterans," then how did Lindberg get one? BulldogPete 22:40, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

In the Civil War many non-combat veterans were awarded the medal. These were rescinded. The status of non-combat veterans can be found on the MoH page. Zouave44 (talk) 02:47, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Interpolations
I'm not aware of any Cohan songs being interpolated into Guys & Dolls, the score for which is usually considered to be solely by Frank Loesser based on Runyon. Can anyone confirm this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.153.160.240 (talk) 11:30, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought that was suspicious myself. I don't believe any of his songs were interpolated into Anything Goes or Hello, Dolly either! Kostaki mou (talk) 03:20, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Sammy Davis, Jr.
What is the point of the reference to Sammy Davis Jr. in the item about George Jr.? If they were colleagues who performed together this should be spelled out. If it's just that both were among the many thousands who served in Special Services during WWII the reference is meaningless and should be deleted.
 * It was slipped in by an IP address, some 2 years ago, as one of a flurry of edits. There is no obvious point, other than the two names being a "Junior". It be gone. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 02:37, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

References and ref tags...
There is no references or ref tags. Even though most of this accurate and there is External Links, their has to be references and ref tags. Because, 1) People need to know where we got the information from. 2) People need to know if this information is accurate. AnnieTigerChucky (talk) 04:23, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

New Reference
Added external link to liner notes and corrected number of songs Cohan wrote and published, and for full disclosure I work for the non-profit educational resource linked to.Ribbonabaca (talk) 16:19, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

Phantom President
Removed reference to Dave (1993) as remake of Phantom President. Dave is NOT a remake of this film. There is a similar premise (The Prisoner of Zenda uses the same premise) but otherwise no plot similarities. Further, Writers' Guild credits for Dave treat the screenplay as original and not an adaptation (for which the original writers would be credited). Michaelcarraher (talk) 16:26, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

 * OK, thanks. -- Ssilvers (talk) 22:15, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

North Brookfield
I removed the excessive detail about North Brookfield, leaving a paragraph, together with the single ref. that was given. Do people think it's still too much? Does anyone know what page of the Telegram & Gazette this news article appeared on, and who the author was? -- Ssilvers (talk) 03:02, 24 July 2014 (UTC)

Ethel Levey
From "musicals 101", by John Kendrick (under "George M. Cohan Bio-Part II" = "When George's occasional overnight "writing" sessions at various hotels became more frequent and prolonged, Ethel suspected the worst -- as it turns out, with good reason. In 1907, she obtained a divorce on grounds of adultery. Ethel remained one of vaudeville's most popular headliners and raised daughter Georgette on her own."

 * I don't know if this matters at this stage, the article is nicely done as is. (I am unable to provide a link at this time, still trying out my new laptop.) Flami72 (talk) 14:07, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I found the ref and added it with a footnote. -- Ssilvers (talk) 14:42, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

 * And thanks to you; I may never be able to get some of the links that I used to get with my old desk top, but I'm practicing! Flami72 (talk) 15:21, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

Cohan and "Podunk"
I've just deleted a claim that Cohan was instrumental in popularizing "Podunk" to mean a place of little significance. The Oxford English Dictionary cites sources as far back as 1846 for that meaning, and a Google Books search turns up other uses from the 1870s and 1880s. A Google NGRAM search shows no notable increase in the use of the word in books, starting around the time of Cohan's vaudeville career or shortly after. All we have is one article from the 1970s, noting Cohan's time in Podunk, Massachusetts (one of several US towns named Podunk) and drawing the apparently unsubstantiated conclusion that Cohan's stories about the place popularized the use of the term. No other independent sources for that claim turned up in a Google search. Jbening (talk) 12:57, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Thank you for this clear, concise explanation of your edit. I very much appreciate it.  Happy editing! -- Ssilvers (talk) 19:37, 8 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, an excellent edit, made all the more better by your helpful and courteous explanation here. Not a lot of people would have operated this way and it's really refreshing to see. Thank you.   Cassianto Talk   19:47, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

Honorary Pallbearers
I have removed the inclusion of Joseph McCarthy from the list of honorary pallbearers. It was most definitely not the future Senator (to whom the listing was linked) as a) he was not of any prominence outside Wisconsin at the time; and b) he was serving in the Marines at this point in 1942, and was probably overseas. There is a "Joseph McCarthy" listed among the honorary pallbearers by the New York Times ("4,000 Attend Rites for Geo. M. Cohan," Nov. 8, 1942), but it is unclear if this is Joseph McCarthy the lyricist or Joseph McCarthy, then the manager of the New York Yankees, or perhaps another Joseph McCarthy whose name and stature have been lost to time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by UBSnews (talk • contribs) 13:58, 23 July 2017 (UTC)

 * It was the lyricist. They were both important members of ASCAP. -- Ssilvers (talk) 18:13, 23 July 2017 (UTC)

 * If you can verify that, okay, but considering that other pallbearers listed by the New York Times included baseball figures like Philadelphia Athletics owner/manager Connie Mack and Major League Baseball commissioner Kenesaw M. Landis, I don't think that's a conclusion to which one can otherwise jump. UBSnews (talk) 21:21, 23 July 2017 (UTC)UBSnews

 * In 1919, Cohan the lyricist McCarthy worked together on a show called A Royal Vagabond, which Cohan produced and wrote for, and for which McCarthy supplied some interpolated numbers. Eddie Cantor, another pallbearer, worked with McCarthy (the lyricist) in Kid Boots. It is impossible that they did not work together extensively for ASCAP. Cohan knew Mack from his youth in Massachusetts. I don't see any indication that he knew McCarthy of the Yankees, although they could easily have met. -- Ssilvers (talk) 01:49, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:George M. Cohan


text:
Talk:Semisimple

These definitions may not all be correct, or the accepted ones. We do seem to need a page like this.

Charles Matthews 08:22, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

semi-simple elements of an algebra?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_weight#Fundamental_weight links to this page in the phrase "Lie subalgebra consisting of semi-simple elements" yet "semi-simple elemet of a Lie Algebra" is not defined here. Dewa 20:18, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Semisimple


text:
Emancipation of the dissonance

The emancipation of the dissonance was a concept or goal put forth by composer Arnold Schoenberg and others, including his pupil Anton Webern, who styled it The Path to the New Music. The phrase first appears in Schoenberg's 1926 essay "Opinion or Insight?". It may be described as a metanarrative to justify atonality. The musicologist Jim Samson describes:

"As the ear becomes acclimatized to a sonority within a particular context, the sonority will gradually become 'emancipated' from that context and seek a new one. The emancipation of the dominant-quality dissonances has followed this pattern, with the dominant seventh developing in status from a contrapuntal note in the sixteenth century to a quasi-consonant harmonic note in the early nineteenth. By the later nineteenth century the higher numbered dominant-quality dissonances had also achieved harmonic status, with resolution delayed or omitted completely. The greater autonomy of the dominant-quality dissonance contributed significantly to the weakening of traditional tonal function within a purely diatonic context."

Overview
Composers such as Charles Ives, Dane Rudhyar, Duke Ellington, and Lou Harrison connected the emancipation of the dissonance with the emancipation of society and humanity. Michael Broyles calls Ives' tone-cluster-rich song "Majority" as "an incantation, a mystical statement of belief in the masses or the people". Duke Ellington, after playing some of his pieces for a journalist, said, "That's the Negro's life ... Hear that chord! Dissonance is our way of life in America. We are something apart, yet an integral part". Lou Harrison described Carl Ruggles's counterpoint as "a community of singing lines, living a life of its own, . . . careful not to get ahead or behind in its rhythmic cooperation with the others". Rudhyar gave the subtitle "A New Principle of Musical and Social Organization" to his book Dissonant Harmony, writing, "Dissonant music is thus the music of true and spiritual Democracy; the music of universal brotherhoods; music of Free Souls, not of personalities. It abolishes tonalities, exactly as the real Buddhistic Reformation abolished castes into the Brotherhood of Monks; for Buddhism is nothing but spiritual Democracy".

Just as the harmonic series was and is used as a justification for consonance, such as by Rameau, among others, the harmonic series is often used as physical or psychoacoustic justification for the gradual emancipation of intervals and chords found further and further up the harmonic series over time, such as is argued by Henry Cowell in defense of his tone clusters. Some argue further that they are not dissonances, but consonances higher up the harmonic series and thus more complex. The musicologist Jacques Chailley, cited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez, gives the following diagram, a specific timeline he proposes:

Overtone series and Western music development.png proposes the following timeline:

A) unison and octave singing (magadizing) in Greek music and Ambrosian and Greek chant, B) parallel fourths and fifths in organum "from c. 850" C) "triadic music; from c. 1400" D) chordal seventh, from c. 1600 E) chordal ninth, from c. 1750 F) whole-tone scale, from c. 1880" G) total chromaticism, twelve-tone technique, and microtones in the early 20th-century.]]

A 1996 book by Thomas J. Harrison, 1910, the Emancipation of Dissonance, uses Schoenberg's "revolution" to trace other movements in the arts around that time.

title: Emancipation of the dissonance


text:
1602 in music

Events

 * Asprilio Pacelli is appointed maestro di capella of St Peter's Basilica

Publications

 * February – Giulio Caccini – Le nuove musiche (The New Music), published in Florence
 * Agostino Agazzari – Sacrae cantiones, book 1 (Rome: Aloysio Zannetti)
 * Gregor Aichinger – Divinae laudes ex floridis Jacobi Pontani potissimum decerptae (Augsburg: Officina Praetoriana), settings of selections from the Floridorum of, for three voices
 * Felice Anerio
 * Second book of Sacri hymni et cantica (Rome: Aloysio Zannetti)
 * Second book of madrigals for six voices (Rome: Luigi Zannetti)
 * Giammateo Asola
 * Psalmi ad vespertinas omnium solemnitatum horas (Vespertine psalms for all solemnities) for three voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino), also includes a Magnificat, Salve Regina, and Regina caeli
 * Hymnodia vespertina in maioribus anni solemnitatibus... (Vespertine hymns for the major solemnities of the year) for eight voices (two choirs) (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
 * Lamentations for six voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
 * Ippolito Baccusi – Psalmi qui diebus festivus a Sancta Romana Ecclesia in vesperis decantari solent for five voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
 * Giovanni Bassano – First book of madrigals and canzonettas for soprano or bass voice with lute or other plucked instrument (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
 * Lodovico Bellanda – First book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Ricciardo Amadino)
 * Aurelio Bonelli – First book of ricercars and canzonas for four voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
 * Christoph Demantius – Trias precum vespertinarum for four, five, and six voices and instruments (Nuremberg: Catharina Dieterich for Konrad Agricola), a collection of music for Vespers
 * Scipione Dentice – Fourth book of madrigals for five voices (Naples: Antonio Pace)
 * Stefano Felis – Ninth book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti)
 * Melchior Franck
 * Musicalischer Bergkreyen for four voices (Nuremberg: Konrad Baur), a collection of secular partsongs
 * Farrago for six voices (Nuremberg: Katharina Dieterich), a collection of secular partsongs
 * Contrapuncti composti for four voices (Nurember: Konrad Baur), a collection of psalms and other church songs in German
 * Marco da Gagliano – First book of madrigals for five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano)
 * Bartholomäus Gesius – Ein Gesang Vom Lob und Preiß der Edlenfreyen Kunst Musica for six voices (Frankfurt an der Oder: Friedrich Hartmann), a song in praise of Music
 * Pierre Guédron – Airs de cours for four and five voices (Paris: Ballard)
 * Claude Le Jeune – First book of psalms for three voices (Paris: widow of R. Ballard)
 * Alonso Lobo – First book of masses (Madrid: Joannes Flandre)
 * Duarte Lobo – Opuscula Natalitiae noctis responsoria for four and eight voices (Antwerp: Plantin), a collection of liturgical music
 * Tomaso Pecci – Madrigals for five voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano), also contains two pieces by Mariano Tantucci
 * Andreas Pevernage – Masses for five, six, and seven voices (Antwerp: Pierre Phalèse), published posthumously
 * Costanzo Porta – Hymnodia sacra for four voices (Venice: Angelo Gardano), a collection of hymns for the whole year
 * Hieronymus Praetorius – Magnificats for eight voices (Hamburg: Philip von Ohr)
 * Orfeo Vecchi
 * Third book of masses for five voices (Milan: Agostino Tradate)
 * La Donna vestita di sole, coronata di stelle, calcante la luna (Milan: the heirs of Simon Tini & Giovanni Francesco Besozzi), a madrigal cycle
 * Lodovico Grossi da Viadana – Cento concerti ecclesiastici (One Hundred Church Concertos), the first major publication to make extensive use of figured bass

Opera

 * Giulio Caccini – Euridice (not the same as the 1600 opera of the same name by Jacopo Peri, to which Caccini contributed some of the music)

Births

 * February 14 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (died 1676)
 * April – William Lawes, English composer (died 1645)
 * probable – Chiara Margarita Cozzolani, Italian composer (died 1678)

Deaths

 * January 6 – Andreas Raselius, German composer (born c. 1563)
 * March 11 – Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian composer (born c. 1563)
 * October – Thomas Morley, English composer, music theorist and publisher (born c. 1557)
 * November 29 – Anthony Holborne, English composer (born c. 1545)

title: 1602 in music