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Grünwald–Letnikov derivative

In mathematics, the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative is a basic extension of the derivative in fractional calculus that allows one to take the derivative a non-integer number of times. It was introduced by Anton Karl Grünwald (1838–1920) from Prague, in 1867, and by Aleksey Vasilievich Letnikov (1837–1888) in Moscow in 1868.

Constructing the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative
The formula
 * $$f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}$$

for the derivative can be applied recursively to get higher-order derivatives. For example, the second-order derivative would be:

 * $$\begin{align}f''(x)&=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f'(x+h)-f'(x)}{h}\\&=\lim_{h_1\to0}\frac{\lim\limits_{h_2\to0}\dfrac{f(x+h_1+h_2)-f(x+h_1)}{h_2}-\lim\limits_{h_2\to0} \dfrac{f(x+h_2)-f(x)}{h_2}}{h_1}\end{align}$$

Assuming that the h 's converge synchronously, this simplifies to:

 * $$ = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+2h)-2f(x+h)+f(x)}{h^2}$$

which can be justified rigorously by the mean value theorem. In general, we have (see binomial coefficient):

 * $$f^{(n)}(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\sum\limits_{0\le m\le n}(-1)^m {n \choose m}f(x+(n-m)h)}{h^n}$$

Removing the restriction that n be a positive integer, it is reasonable to define:

 * $$\mathbb{D}^q f(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{h^q}\sum_{0 \le m < \infty}(-1)^m {q \choose m}f(x+(q-m)h).$$

This defines the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative.

To simplify notation, we set:

 * $$\Delta^q_h f(x) = \sum_{0 \le m < \infty}(-1)^m {q \choose m}f(x+(q-m)h).$$

So the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative may be succinctly written as:

 * $$\mathbb{D}^q f(x) = \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{\Delta^q_h f(x)}{h^q}.$$

An alternative definition
In the preceding section, the general first principles equation for integer order derivatives was derived. It can be shown that the equation may also be written as

 * $$f^{(n)}(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(-1)^n}{h^n}\sum_{0 \le m \le n}(-1)^m {n \choose m}f(x+mh).$$

or removing the restriction that n must be a positive integer:

 * $$\mathbb{D}^q f(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(-1)^q}{h^q}\sum_{0 \le m < \infty}(-1)^m {q \choose m}f(x+mh).$$

This equation is called the reverse Grünwald–Letnikov derivative. If the substitution h → −h is made, the resulting equation is called the direct Grünwald–Letnikov derivative:

 * $$\mathbb{D}^q f(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{h^q}\sum_{0 \le m < \infty}(-1)^m {q \choose m}f(x-mh).$$

title: Grünwald–Letnikov derivative


text: Talk:Lothal

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lothal


text: User talk:204.19.128.15

title: User talk:204.19.128.15


text:
User talk:Rho~enwiki

This page is not from the german User rho See https://de.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Benutzer:Rho — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.187.111.140 (talk) 14:51, 8 September 2013 (UTC)

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

UtherSRG 02:39, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

you can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

Hi-- always nice to see the names of people I know turning up unexpectedly in my watchlist (University Challenge) :). Marnanel 02:30, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Your namesake is famous! — mendel ☎ 05:30, Apr 3, 2004 (UTC)

Science and technology
Hi, Rho, great new science and technology section in Culture of the United Kingdom! I have slightly toned down a couple of sentences, thinking that maybe they came out more patriotic than intended. Please take a look at my edits, just rv if you don't like them. Best wishes, [[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (talk)]] 17:22, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Nope, looks good to me. And thanks. Rho 00:39, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your work on the new Discworld article
You've done some great stuff on the Discworld in general and recently in the new Discworld (world). Nice work, thanks! :) violet/riga (t) 16:54, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks! And the same to you. Rho 03:19, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Discworld
WikiProject Discworld

Spam message: Having noticed you have made some great additions to the Discworld articles I thought you might be interested in this new WikiProject. It's at a very early stage and needs quite a bit of work. violet/riga (t) 21:41, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Bolton School
Hi

Thanks for your help correcting the vandalism on this topic. Regards, --Mrclarke 17:13, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Minor Discworld concepts
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Rho. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Rho~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Rho~enwiki


text:
CanJet

CanJet was a Canadian low-cost air carrier headquartered in Enfield, Nova Scotia and based at Halifax International Airport. In addition to initially flying scheduled passenger service, CanJet operated charter flights using its own brand as well as flying contract and ad hoc charters for other tour operators and airlines throughout Canada and the United States. CanJet was wholly owned by IMP Group International and had 572 employees as of March 2007. The airline ceased operations in 2015.

Before the merger with Canada 3000
The airline was established in 1999 and started operations on September 5, 2000. It was launched as a division of IMP Group and merged with Canada 3000 in May 2001 shortly before Canada 3000's bankruptcy.

Scheduled operations from 2002-2006
CanJet was relaunched on June 20, 2002, as an independent airline. The relaunched airline flew to three destinations, but quickly expanded. Canjet operated a fleet of nine Boeing 737-500 — seven of which were previously operated by United Airlines and one by Sabena — and one Boeing 737-300. These airframes date back to the early 1990s. There were plans to expand the airline's fleet of Boeing 737-500 aircraft to 20 by 2006; however, the plans were not realized.

In April 2004, CanJet launched services at Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport, Hamilton to fill a void left after WestJet shifted its eastern Canada hub to Toronto Pearson International Airport.

In May 2005, the company began to expand into the western Canadian market with a flight between Calgary and Toronto, with plans to slowly expand to other western markets. In the wake of the bankruptcy of Jetsgo, the company hoped to fill some of that company's market share, and hoped to expand slowly to avoid the fate of other companies such as Canada 3000. In June 2005, two weeks after Air Canada Jazz announced new service to Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport from Montreal and Ottawa, CanJet announced it would end its service to Hamilton. In August 2005, CanJet announced new service to Fort Lauderdale, Florida from Toronto.

In May 2006, CanJet and Harmony Airways signed a marketing pact to allow greater cross country service. CanJet would end flights west of Toronto, and focus more on Atlantic flights. This pact allowed consumers to book flights with both companies and have their luggage transferred between the two airlines.

Charter operations since 2006
On September 5, 2006, CanJet announced that on September 10, 2006, it would cancel all regularly scheduled services and focus instead on charter service because of the highly competitive nature of the airline industry in Canada, and the resulting slim profit margins. Ken Rowe, IMP Chairman and CEO, said, "with the rising business risks of operating a scheduled airline, IMP has decided to suspend year-round scheduled airline service and focus on their increasing charter business." CanJet stated that any passengers who had bought tickets for travel dates after September 10, 2006, would be provided a full refund, or alternative travel arrangements. Before the announcement, CanJet had been operating scheduled services and served 15 cities in Canada and the United States.

On September 27, 2006, CanJet announced that it would rehire more than 100 airline pilots and flight attendants; about 20% of the number laid-off on September 10, 2006, as the company regained a contract to fly chartered flights for tour operator, Sunquest.

On February 13, 2009, CanJet announced a five-year partnership with Montreal based Transat AT. Since 1 May 2009, Transat Tours Canada has chartered CanJet's Boeing 737 aircraft flying from Canadian cities to various destinations. This replaced an agreement with Calgary-based Westjet.

In 2014, CanJet started to sell holiday packages branded CanJet Vacations in addition to its charter activities.

On April 14, 2015, the company laid off approximately half of its flight staff and eliminated its planned summer European operations. It also planned to park five of its six aircraft in the wake of the termination of the cooperation with Air Transat and the insufficient sales of holiday packages. A few weeks later the shut down of its CanJet Vacations holiday package operations was announced after 10 months of service due to much lower demand than expected.

On September 1, 2015, CanJet announced that it was ceasing flight operations indefinitely and effective immediately. Its corporate website www.canjet.com is no longer in operation.

Current fleet
As of December 2014, the CanJet fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

Historical fleet
CanJet has also operated the following aircraft types:

Onboard service
CanJet provided free hot meals on all flights (except USA flights) with a free glass of wine, non-alcoholic beverages, coffee and tea on all flights. Pizza and sandwiches were available for purchase on USA flights, with free non-alcoholic beverages, coffee and tea. Snacks and alcoholic beverages were available for sale. On southbound flights, a free glass of sparkling wine was provided on board. Pillow & blanket comfort travel kits, and headsets for in-flight entertainment were available for purchase on board.

Incidents and accidents

 * On April 19, 2009, CanJet Flight 918 was taken over by an armed man who slipped through security checks at Sangster International Airport, Montego Bay, Jamaica. All passengers were released early on, but six CanJet crew members were kept as hostages for several hours. The hostages were eventually rescued by Jamaican Police, who successfully stormed the aircraft, following negotiations that involved Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding.

title: CanJet


text:
Catherine Oxenberg

Catherine Oxenberg (born September 22, 1961) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Amanda Carrington on the 1980s prime-time soap opera Dynasty. Oxenberg is the daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia and her first husband, Howard Oxenberg (1919–2010). She twice played Diana, Princess of Wales on screen, in The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (1982) and Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (1992), and has appeared in many other films.

Early life
Oxenberg was born in New York City, and grew up in London. She is the eldest daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (born 1936), a member of the House of Karađorđević, and her first husband Howard Oxenberg (1919–2010), a Jewish dress manufacturer and close friend of the Kennedy family. Her sister is Christina Oxenberg. Princess Elizabeth is the only daughter of Prince Paul of Yugoslavia (who served as regent for his cousin's eldest son King Peter II of Yugoslavia) and Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark.

Through her maternal grandmother, Catherine is a first cousin once removed of: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy and Prince Michael of Kent. Oxenberg is a second cousin once removed of Queen Sofía of Spain and Charles III of the United Kingdom, making Catherine a third cousin of Felipe VI of Spain and William, Prince of Wales. She is also a third cousin once removed of Margrethe II of Denmark and Harald V of Norway; and a fourth cousin to Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg and King Philippe of Belgium.

Oxenberg was educated at the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle in Kensington, London, St. Paul's School, and Columbia University, though she did not finish college.

In the Class of 1985 Harvard freshman face book, Oxenberg is listed directly ahead of Conan O'Brien. A contemporary Harvard Crimson piece indicates that she was at least initially in the Class of 1983, dubbing her "queen of the facebook".

Film and television
Oxenberg made her acting debut in the 1982 made-for-television film The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana, in which she played Diana, Princess of Wales. In 1984, Oxenberg joined the hit ABC prime time soap opera Dynasty—then at its height of popularity —in the role of Amanda Carrington. Oxenberg left Dynasty in 1986, following a salary dispute after the end of her second season, and the role was recast with Karen Cellini. Though Oxenberg's publicist insisted that the actress left Dynasty voluntarily, several media outlets reported that she was fired.

Oxenberg was the guest host on the May 10, 1986, episode of Saturday Night Live, making her the only descendant of a royal family to host the show. Oxenberg starred as Princess Elysa in the 1987 television film Roman Holiday. She also appeared in The Lair of the White Worm in 1988, and reprised the role of Diana, Princess of Wales in the TV film Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After in 1992. From 1993 to 1994, she starred in the short-lived series Acapulco H.E.A.T.

Oxenberg was portrayed by Rachael Taylor in the 2005 telemovie Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure, a fictionalized retelling of the behind-the-scenes goings-on during the production of Dynasty. In 2006, Oxenberg appeared in the TV special, Dynasty Reunion: Catfights & Caviar, in which she was reunited with her former Dynasty castmates to reminisce about the series.

In 2019, Catherine Oxenberg produced and narrated Escaping the NXIVM Cult: A Mother's Fight to Save Her Daughter in which Andrea Roth portrayed her.

NXIVM
Oxenberg acknowledged, in November 2017, that she had had interactions with Keith Raniere and his NXIVM organization, bringing her daughter India into NXIVM in 2011 for what she thought would be "a self-help, business-oriented program". Oxenberg confirmed that her daughter became heavily involved in the cult, and that she had initiated what proved to be a failed intervention for India. In August 2018, Oxenberg revealed that India had left NXIVM in June, after the arrest of Raniere, and they were working on their relationship. In August 2018, Oxenberg's book Captive: A Mother's Crusade to Save Her Daughter from a Terrifying Cult co-written by former People magazine writer Natasha Stoynoff was published.

In 2020, Oxenberg was featured in The Vow, a documentary series for HBO, directed by Jehane Noujaim and Karim Amer, which follows Oxenberg's attempts to rescue her daughter India. Oxenberg also appears in Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult a documentary series for Starz, directed by Cecilia Peck and Inbal B. Lessner, which features India speaking out about her experiences for the first time.

Personal life
In June 1991, Oxenberg had a daughter, India Riven Oxenberg, whose father was later revealed to be the convicted drug smuggler William Weitz Shaffer. In December 1992, Oxenberg was living with her daughter in Coldwater Canyon, Los Angeles, California.

Oxenberg's first marriage was to the producer Robert Evans, in Beverly Hills, California, on July 12, 1998, but the marriage was annulled nine days later.

Oxenberg met the actor Casper Van Dien during the filming of the 1999 TV movie The Collectors, and they worked together again the same year in the Evangelical Christian thriller The Omega Code. On May 8, 1999, they were married at the Graceland Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Van Dien had a son and a daughter from a previous marriage, Casper Robert Mitchum Van Dien and Caroline Grace Van Dien. Van Dien and Oxenberg have two daughters, Amanda Maya Van Dien (2001) and Celeste Alma Van Dien (2003). In 2005, the couple appeared in their own reality series, I Married a Princess, which aired on the Lifetime Television channel in the United States and on LIVINGtv in the United Kingdom. Van Dien filed for divorce from Oxenberg in 2015.

While Oxenberg and Van Dien were married, and before India joined NXIVM, Oxenberg and Van Dien were celebrity ambassadors for the non-profit organization Childhelp.

In June 2023, Oxenberg revealed her engagement to businessman Ellis Jones. They began dating shortly after Jones offered Oxenberg a place to stay following her losing her home in the 2018 California wildfires. The couple married on October 21, 2023.

Filmography
For playing Amanda Carrington, Oxenberg won two Soap Opera Digest Awards in 1985, for Outstanding Supporting Actress and Outstanding Female Newcomer.

Ancestry
Through her maternal grandfather, Prince Paul of Yugoslavia of the House of Karađorđević, Catherine Oxenberg is a great-great-great-granddaughter of Karađorđe, who started the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1804. Her maternal grandmother, Princess Olga, was the daughter of Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia and Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, himself the son of another Romanov grand duchess, Queen Olga Konstantinovna of the Hellenes and her Danish-born husband King George of Greece, brother of Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom and the Empress Maria Fyodorovna.

title: Catherine Oxenberg


text:
Virgil Earp

Virgil Walter Earp (July 18, 1843 – October 19, 1905) was both deputy U.S. Marshal and Tombstone, Arizona, City Marshal when he led his younger brothers Wyatt and Morgan, and Doc Holliday, in a confrontation with outlaw Cowboys at the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26, 1881. They killed brothers Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton. All three Earp brothers had been the target of repeated death threats made by the Cowboys who were upset by the Earps' interference in their illegal activities. All four lawmen were charged with murder by Ike Clanton, who had run from the gunfight. During a month-long preliminary hearing, Judge Wells Spicer exonerated the men, concluding they had been performing their duty.

But two months later on December 28, friends of the slain outlaws retaliated, ambushing Virgil. They shot him in the back, hitting him with three shotgun rounds, shattering his left arm and leaving him permanently maimed. The Cowboys suspected were let off for lack of evidence. His brother Morgan Earp was assassinated in March 1882. Charges against those suspected were dismissed on a technicality. Wyatt Earp, appointed as deputy U.S. Marshal to replace Virgil, concluded he could not rely on civil justice and decided to take matters into his own hands. Wyatt assembled a federal posse that included their brother Warren Earp and set out on a vendetta to kill those they felt were responsible. Virgil left Tombstone to recuperate from his wounds in Colton, California, where his parents lived.

Virgil married before he left to serve in the Union Army during the American Civil War. When he returned, his wife and child had left. He held a variety of other jobs throughout his life, though he primarily worked in law enforcement. His younger brother Wyatt, who spent most of his life as a gambler, became better known as a lawman because of writer Stuart N. Lake's fictionalized 1931 biography Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal and later portrayals of him in movies and fiction as Old West's "toughest and deadliest gunmen of his day." In 1898, Virgil learned that his first wife Ellen Rysdam and their daughter were living in Oregon and reestablished contact with them. After suffering from pneumonia for six months, Virgil died on October 19, 1905.

Early life
Virgil Earp was born in Hartford, Kentucky, the second son of Nicholas Earp and Virginia Ann Cooksey.

Marriage to Ellen Rysdam
In February 1860, while living in Pella, Iowa, 16-year-old Virgil eloped with 17-year-old Dutch immigrant Magdalena C. "Ellen" Rysdam (October 25, 1842 in Utrecht, Netherlands – May 3, 1910 in Cornelius, Oregon ). One report states that they saw each other only occasionally and kept their marriage secret until Ellen was about to deliver their first child. When her parents Gerrit Rysdam and Magdalena Catrina Van Velzen learned of the marriage, they were furious, as they preferred that she marry a man who was also Dutch. Virgil's father thought he was too young to marry. Both parents wanted to get the marriage annulled. One source reports that Rysdam was successful, but another says her father failed because Virgil and Ellen refused to reveal where they had been married. They also claimed they had used false names, which would have made the marriage invalid in any case.

Virgil and Ellen remained together for a year in spite of his and her parents' disapproval. On July 26, 1861, Virgil enlisted at age 18 in the Union Army. Ellen had a daughter named Nellie Jane, born January 7, 1862 or in July 1862. Virgil was mustered in to the Illinois Volunteer Infantry for three years on September 21, 1862.

Civil War Service
Virgil enlisted as a Private in Company C of the 83rd Illinois Infantry on July 26, 1862, and mustered into service on August 21. The 83rd fought at the Battle of Dover and then was primarily on garrison duty in Tennessee. Virgil was court-martialed for a minor offense and docked two weeks pay as punishment.

In the summer of 1863 while Virgil was on active duty, Ellen's father told her that Virgil had been killed in Tennessee. In early 1864, Ellen married a Dutch man named John Van Rossum, and in May of that year they joined a large group who relocated from Pella, Iowa, to the Oregon Territory.

When Virgil was discharged from the military on June 26, 1865, he returned to Iowa but could not find his wife and daughter. He hired on at a local farm and helped operate a grocery store, before leaving for California to join the rest of the Earp family. In 1868, Nicholas Earp took the family east again, eventually settling in Lamar, Missouri. On August 28, 1870, Virgil married Rosella Dragoo (born in France in 1853) in Lamar. His father as justice of the peace married them, but there are no further records of Rosella.

Allie Sullivan
Virgil later met Alvira "Allie" Sullivan from Florence, Nebraska in 1874. She was a waitress at the Planter's House Hotel in Council Bluffs, Iowa. They never married but remained together the rest of his life. During the remainder of his life, Virgil worked at a variety of jobs, including peace officer, farmer, rail construction in Wyoming, stagecoach driver, sawmill sawyer in Prescott, Arizona Territory, mailman, and later in life, prospector. The Earp brothers were close and often moved together, seeking a better life. Virgil spent time in Dodge City, Kansas in 1877 with his younger brother Wyatt. Although there is no record of Virgil ever holding any law enforcement position there, Allie claimed he briefly worked as a deputy town marshal with Wyatt.

Arrival in Arizona
From Dodge City, Virgil and Allie moved to Prescott on the 4th of July 1877, the capital of the Arizona Territory. Virgil first delivered mail between Camp Verde and Prescott, then later owned a saw mill at the base of Thumb Butte, just west of Prescott.

On October 16, 1877, U.S. Marshal Wiley Standifer, Yavapai County Sheriff Edward Franklin Bowers, Prescott Constable Frank Murray, Virgil Earp, and Colonel William Henry McCall attempted to arrest John Tallos and accused murderer George Wilson. While the others rode on horseback or carriages, Virgil ran on foot after the posse that pursued the two men to the edge of town, where a gun fight broke out. Virgil spotted one of the two men under a tree, reloading his pistol. Using a Winchester rifle from a distance, Virgil shot him through the head, killing him.

Virgil was shortly afterwards offered a job as a driver for Patterson, Caldwell & Levally, a local freight company, during which he met John J. Gosper, Secretary of the Arizona Territory. Gosper was acting Governor in the place of Governor John C. Frémont, who was frequently absent. When Crawley Dake was appointed U.S. Marshal, he and Virgil became friends. In 1878, Virgil was appointed as Prescott's night watchman, which paid $75 a month.

In November 1878, he was elected as constable for Prescott, for which he received fees for serving summonses, subpoenas, writs and warrants. While constable, Virgil wrote his brother Wyatt about the opportunities in the silver-mining boomtown of Tombstone. In September 1879, Wyatt resigned as assistant marshal in Dodge City. Accompanied by his common-law wife Mattie Blaylock, his brother Jim and his wife Bessie, they left for Las Vegas in the New Mexico Territory. There they were reconnected with Doc Holliday and his common-law wife Kate Horony, who had been running a gambling business until the territorial legislature banned gambling. Virgil and his wife met the others in Prescott.

Appointed deputy U.S. marshal
Knowing Virgil was moving to Tombstone, and knowing of his peace officer background, U.S. Marshal Crawley Dake appointed Virgil as deputy U.S. marshal for the Tombstone District of Pima County, on November 27, 1879. He was instructed by Dake to help resolve ongoing problems with outlaw Cowboys. But the job didn't pay much. He was mostly on call helping county and city officials.

In an interview after he left Tombstone, Virgil said that "The first stage that went out of Prescott toward Tombstone was robbed. Robberies were frequent and became expensive." Virgil and his brothers Wyatt and Jim and their wives arrived together in Tombstone on December 1, 1879.

Tombstone City Marshal
On October 30, 1880, after town marshal Fred White was accidentally shot and killed by outlaw and gunman "Curly Bill" Brocius, Virgil was appointed acting town marshal of Tombstone. Virgil now held both the more powerful local town marshal position and the prestigious federal law enforcement appointment. As town marshal, Virgil earned a regular salary of $100 a month plus a percentage of city taxes he collected.

But Virgil did not hold the job for long. The city held a special election on November 13, and Tombstone city policemen James Flynn and Ben Sippy competed for the job. But then Flynn dropped out of the race and Sippy beat Virgil for the office, 311 votes to Earp's 259. On January 4, 1881, the city held its first regular election, and Virgil lost to Sippy once again.

However, Sippy was known to be in financial trouble. He requested a two-week leave of absence on June 6, 1881, and never returned. The city council once again appointed Virgil as temporary city marshal. On June 22, the center section of Tombstone was devastated by a fire. Virgil kept looting under control and chased off lot jumpers who tried to take over property. On June 28, it was learned that Sippy had left about $3,000 in bad debt and financial improprieties in his office. Virgil was appointed by Tombstone Mayor John Clum as the permanent city marshal and paid $150.00 per month.

Conflict with Cowboys
To reduce crime in Tombstone, the City Council enacted an ordinance in April 1881 that prohibited anyone from carrying a deadly weapon in town. Everyone was required to deposit their weapons at a livery or saloon soon after entering town. A long-simmering feud between the Earps and some of the Cowboys played a big role in a gunfight that broke out when Virgil decided to enforce the ordinance on Wednesday, October 26, 1881.

Virgil was told by several concerned citizens that several Cowboys, who had been threatening the Earps for several months, were in town and armed in violation of the ordinance. Assisted by his deputy Morgan Earp and temporary deputies Wyatt Earp and John "Doc" Holliday, Virgil went to disarm Frank and Tom McLaury, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Billy Claiborne. That confrontation turned into a shootout now known as the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.

Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
Modern media depictions of Wyatt Earp made him into a legend. He is often depicted as the central lawman in the shootout, but Virgil was Tombstone City Marshal and a Deputy U.S. Marshal. Although Wyatt had previously served in Wichita, Kansas, and Dodge City as a lawman, Virgil had three years of Civil War service, and had previously worked in law enforcement as a sheriff, constable, and marshal. Virgil made the decision to enforce a city ordinance prohibiting carrying weapons in town and to disarm the Cowboys. While Wyatt had acted as city marshal the week prior when Virgil was out of town, Wyatt was on that day only a temporary assistant marshal to his brother.

Before the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, Virgil and Wyatt had been in only one shootout each, and Morgan had never been in any gun battles. Billy Claiborne had been in one gunfight prior to the shootout and was the only member of the Cowboy faction that had prior gunfighting experience (not counting the Skeleton Canyon massacre, in which the McLaurys and Clantons took part). Doc Holliday, despite his reputation, had not taken part in any gunfights, although he was involved in several drunken brawls involving both guns and knives. Both Tom and Ike had spent the night to the gunfight gambling, drinking heavily, and without sleep. Now they were both outdoors, wounded from having been pistol-whipped by the Earps earlier that morning, and at least Ike was still drunk.

Virgil initially avoided a confrontation with Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton, who had arrived in town early that afternoon and had not yet deposited their weapons at a hotel or stable after their arrival, as required by ordinance#9. Virgil had been offered armed assistance from the town Vigilance committee and the town militia, but he declined the help. Around 1:00 p.m., a miner named Ruben F. Coleman told Virgil that the Cowboys had left the Dunbar and Dexter Stable for the O.K. Corral and were still armed, and Virgil decided he had to disarm them.

Virgil testified after the shootout that he thought he saw Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Frank McLaury, and Tom McLaury buying cartridges at Spangenberg's gun shop beforehand. He went by the Wells Fargo office around the corner on Allen Street and picked up a 10- or 12-gauge short, double-barreled shotgun. It was an unusually cold and windy day in Tombstone, and Virgil was wearing a long overcoat. To avoid alarming Tombstone's public, Virgil hid the shotgun under his overcoat when he returned to Hafford's Saloon.

Virgil, his brothers Wyatt and Morgan, and Doc Holliday confronted the Cowboys in a narrow lot on Fremont Street. Virgil was not expecting a fight. He later testified that when he saw the Cowboys, he immediately commanded them to "Throw up your hands, I want your guns!" But shooting broke out almost immediately. Witnesses were conflicted about who fired first. During the gunfight, Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed. Virgil was shot through the calf (he thought by Billy Clanton). Three days after the O.K. Corral gunfight, the city council suspended Virgil as city marshal pending outcome of the preliminary hearing. Virgil was eventually exonerated of wrongdoing, but his reputation suffered thereafter.

Assassination attempt

After the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral the Earps relocated their families to the Cosmopolitan Hotel for mutual support and protection. At about 11:30 pm on December 28, 1881, Virgil was ambushed as he walked from the Oriental Saloon to his room. The Sacramento Daily Record-Union reported that "he was fired upon with double-barreled shotguns, loaded with buckshot, by three men concealed in an unfinished building diagonally across on Allen street."

Virgil was hit in the back and left arm by three loads of buckshot from about 60 ft. The Crystal Palace Saloon and the Eagle Brewery beyond Virgil were struck by nineteen buckshot; three passed through the window and one about a foot over the heads of some men standing by a faro-table. George Parsons wrote that he heard "four shots in quick succession." Critically wounded, Virgil staggered into the hotel.

Earp's upper arm was longitudinally fractured, and Dr. George E. Goodfellow removed 4 in of shattered humerus bone and his elbow, leaving his arm permanently crippled. Virgil told his wife Allie, "Never mind, I've got one arm left to hug you with." Virgil was also shot through the back above the hip, and Goodfellow removed twenty buckshot that penetrated his body and lodged near the hip bone above the groin. The Los Angeles Daily Herald reported that the "cow-boys are bent on vengeance for the slaughter of their companeros a few weeks ago." "The doctor says there are four chances in five that he will die."

George W. Parsons, who had been treated by Goodfellow for an injury he received, was staying in Goodfellow's office while he recuperated. He kept a journal, in which he recorded:

"Longitudinal fracture, so [Virgil's] elbow joint had to be taken out today and we've got that and some of the shattered bone in room. Patient doing well. It is surmised that Ike Clanton, Curly Bill [Brocius] and [Will] McLaury did the shooting. Bad state of affairs here. Something will have to be done."

Others threatened
Wyatt, assuming that Virgil was dying, telegraphed U.S. Marshal Crawley Dake asking him to name him as Virgil's replacement as deputy U.S. marshal:

"Tombstone, Arizona Territory, December 29, 1881

Virgil Earp was shot by concealed assassins last night. His wounds are fatal. Telegraph me appointment with power to appoint deputies. Local authorities are doing nothing. The lives of other citizens are threatened. Wyatt Earp"

Commenting on the telegram received by Dake, the Weekly Arizona Miner wrote about the repeated threats received by the Earps and others.

"For some time, the Earps, Doc Holliday, Tom Fitch and others who upheld and defended the Earps in their late trial have received, almost daily, anonymous letters, warning them to leave town or suffer death, supposed to have been written by friends of the Clanton and McLowry boys, three of whom the Earps and Holliday killed and little attention was paid to them as they were believed to be idle boasts but the shooting of Virgil Earp last night shows that the men were in earnest. The Los Angeles Herald reported on December 30 that 'the 'local authorities are doing nothing to capture the assassins so far as is known ... Judge Spicer, Marshal Williams, Wyatt Earp, Rickabaugh and other are in momentary danger of assassination.'"

Suspects
The suspected shooters were later identified as Phin Clanton, Ike Clanton, Johnny Barnes, Johnny Ringo, Hank Swilling and Pete Spence. On Tuesday, January 31, 1882, Ike and Phin were brought before Judge William H. Stilwell on suspicion of shooting Virgil. The district attorney asked that bail be set at $5,000, but the judge released both men on $1,500 bond, indicating he thought the prosecution's case was weak.

Although a hat that Wyatt later claimed belonged to Ike Clanton was found near the shooting, the evidence was circumstantial. Sherman McMaster provided the most convincing evidence. He testified that he saw Ike later that night in nearby Charleston. He said he asked Clanton "about the shooting, at which Clanton replied that he 'would have to go back and do the job over.'" On February 2, Clanton's attorney brought in seven witnesses who provided an alibi for Clanton. They all testified that Clanton had been in Charleston at the time of Virgil's shooting. Spicer was compelled to release Clanton.

Morgan Earp murdered
After his shooting, Virgil spent the next three months recuperating. He was just starting to get back on his feet when on Saturday, March 18, 1882, Virgil's younger brother Morgan Earp was killed in another ambush.

On Monday, March 20, Virgil and Allie were escorted by Wyatt and deputies Warren Earp, Doc Holliday, Sherman McMaster, and "Turkey Creek" Jack Johnson to Contention, where they drove two wagons to the Arizona and New Mexico Railroad terminal 25 mi away in Benson. Wyatt and his deputies had initially planned to travel only as far as Benson. Wyatt reported later that he received word in Contention that Ike Clanton, Frank Stilwell, Hank Swilling, and another cowboy were watching the passenger trains in Tucson with the aim to kill Virgil. Wyatt and the rest of the posse remained with Virgil and Allie through to Tucson.

The men were well armed with pistols, rifles and shotguns. McMaster wore two cartridge belts. Allie wore Virgil's pistol belt during the journey so it would be handy. Virgil told the San Francisco Examiner two months later that upon getting off the train in Tucson, "Almost the first men we met on the platform there were Stilwell and his friends, armed to the teeth." "They fell back into the crowd as soon as they saw I had an escort, and the boys took me to the hotel to supper." Guarded by his brothers and the deputies, Virgil and Allie had dinner at Porter's Hotel in Tucson. Virgil was so weak he had to be carried up the steps of the train. Once they were safely seated, the rest of the guards kept watch for the Cowboys. Virgil and Allie along with James accompanied Morgan's body to the Earp family home in Colton, California.

As Virgil's train was pulling out of Tucson on its way to California, gunfire was heard. Witnesses gave contradictory accounts about the number of men seen near the tracks and numbers of shots fired. Some said the Earps were armed after leaving Porter's Hotel and others said they were not. Witnesses saw men running with weapons but could not identify anyone in the dark. Wyatt said later that he and his deputies spotted Frank Stilwell and another man he believed to be Ike Clanton armed with shotguns lying on a flatcar.

When Wyatt and his men approached, the two men ran. Stilwell may have stumbled or been wounded, allowing Wyatt to reach him. Wyatt later said he shot Stilwell as Stilwell attempted to push the barrel of Earp's shotgun away. Wyatt, quoted in the Denver Republican, said "I ran straight for Stilwell. It was he who killed my brother. What a coward he was! He couldn't shoot when I came near him. He stood there helpless and trembling for his life. As I rushed upon him he put out his hands and clutched at my shotgun. I let go both barrels, and he tumbled down dead and mangled at my feet."

He said Stilwell cried "Morg!" before he was killed. Stilwell's body, riddled with buckshot from two shotgun rounds, one in his leg and the second in his chest with powder burns, and four other bullet wounds, was found the next morning near the tracks. Ike Clanton got away. When the Tucson sheriff learned who was responsible for Stilwell's death, he issued warrants for the lawmen's arrest.

Clanton gave an interview afterward to the newspapers in which he claimed that he and Stilwell had been in Tucson to respond to federal charges about interfering with a U.S. mail carrier, stemming from his alleged involvement in robbing the Sandy Bob line of the Bisbee stage on September 8, 1881. Clanton said that they had heard that the Earps were coming via the train and they had plans to kill Stilwell. According to Clanton, Stilwell disappeared from the hotel before he was found several blocks away, shot dead by the tracks.

Later life and death
After Virgil was ambushed and maimed in Tombstone, he and Allie moved to his parents' home in Colton, California, to recover from his wounds, which took almost two years. He sought treatment for his wounds in San Francisco and was interviewed on the Southern Pacific train by a reporter whose story was printed in the San Francisco Examiner on May 27, 1882. The reporter described Virgil's appearance:

"His face, voice and manner were prepossessing. He is close to six feet in height, of medium build, chestnut hair, sandy mustache, light eyebrows, quiet, blue eyes and frank expression. He wore a wide-brimmed, slate-colored slouch hat, pants of a brown and white stripe, and a blue diagonal coat and vest, both the latter with bullet holes in them, bearing testimony of a recent fight when he was shot in the back, the bullet coming out of the front of his vest. His left arm was carried in a sling, also a memento of his last fight, when he received a bullet in his arm, since causing the loss of about six inches of bone which crippled him for life. The wounded arm is the cause of his visit to this city, where he seeks surgical aid in hope of so far recovering its use that he may be able to dress himself unaided."

Despite the use of only one arm, Virgil was hired by the Southern Pacific Railroad to guard its tracks in Colton's famous "battle of the crossing". Virgil carried a top break revolver that could be reloaded with one hand. Southern Pacific was attempting to stop the California Southern Railroad, a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, from installing a crossing over the Southern Pacific tracks in Colton to gain access to California, which resulted in the frog war. Governor Waterman deputized a posse from San Bernardino, California and came down in person to enforce construction of the crossing, ending the Southern Pacific's railroad monopoly in Southern California.

In 1884 Earp's father, Nicholas Porter Earp was elected justice of the peace in Colton. Two years later, Virgil Earp opened a private detective agency, which by all accounts he had quit by 1886, when he was elected village constable in July.

When Colton was incorporated as a city, Earp was elected as Colton's first City Marshal on July 11, 1887. He was paid $75 a month and was re-elected to another term in 1888. Among other duties, he was reported to have cleared blocked sewers and kept track of the electric light bulbs. Virgil and Allie Earp's Colton home still stands at 528 West "H" Street.

In 1888 Earp resigned as city marshal and he and Allie left Colton for San Bernardino. Five years later, in 1893, he and his wife moved to the short-lived mining town Vanderbilt, California. He owned and operated the only two-story building in town, Earp's Hall, a saloon and meeting hall used for public gatherings and even the town's church services. His business success in Vanderbilt did not match his success in politics, and he lost the election for town constable in 1894.

In 1895, Virgil and Allie traveled to Cripple Creek, Colorado, where they met Virgil's brother Wyatt. They stayed briefly and soon moved back to Prescott in Yavapai County, Arizona, where Virgil became involved in mining. Virgil started mining in the Hassayampa district in partnership with W.H. Harlon. They leased the Grizzly mine owned by W.C. Hanson. The Prescott Weekly Journal-Miner reported on November 8, 1896, that the day before "a serious accident had occurred at this mine. Virgil Earp and W. H. Harlon were working in a tunnel. The ground caved catching Mr. Earp and pinning him to the ground. He was unconscious for several hours and Dr. Abbott, was called to dress his wounds." The doctor told Earp he had dislocated his right hip. Both his feet and ankles were badly crushed, he had a serious cut on his head and bruises all over his body. The doctor said it would be several weeks before Virgil would be able to move around again, but it took him much longer to recover. They moved south after that and began ranching in the Kirkland Valley. Virgil was nominated as a candidate for Yavapai County, Arizona sheriff in 1900, but pulled out of the election for health reasons.

Reunites with first wife
In 1898 Earp received a startling letter from a Mrs. Levi Law. At the end of the Civil War, his wife Ellen was told by her family that Virgil had been killed. Her family had been against their marriage. They took her and the baby daughter Nellie to Walla Walla, Washington, where she later married Thomas Eaton. She had four more children. Mrs. Levi Law was Virgil's daughter, Nellie. The next year, encouraged by his wife, Virgil traveled to Portland, Oregon, where he was reunited with Ellen and Nellie Jane Law. On April 22, 1898, The Oregonian reported that Earp "... is now enjoying a very pleasant visit with her and his two grandchildren at her home, which is near that of Mrs. Eaton, in North Portland." He also met three grandchildren he never knew existed. Later that year, according to her letter to The Oregonian, Nellie Jane visited Virgil and Allie Earp at their home in Arizona.

Death in Nevada
Before 1904, Virgil and Allie returned to Colton, where city records show that he along with three others unsuccessfully petitioned the city leaders to repeal a temperance law that allowed only one saloon in town. In 1904, they left California for the last time and moved to the boom town of Goldfield in Esmeralda County, Nevada, where Virgil planned to open a saloon. He quickly discovered there was plenty of competition and realized he didn't have the capital required. Virgil and Allie were down to their last dollar so he took up gambling, at which he had been good. In November 1904 Virgil took a job as a special officer at the National Club. He was responsible for watching over the high stakes gambling tables.

In January 1905 he was hired as a deputy sheriff for Esmeralda County, and he continued his duties at the National Club. Virgil caught pneumonia in February 1905. His brother Wyatt was also living in Goldfield and visited with him. Earp slowly got better and attended an Order of Eagles meeting in May.

The serious injuries he had sustained during the mine cave-in several years earlier had left him debilitated and he never recovered his full health. Earp's recovery from pneumonia did not last and in early October he had a relapse. On October 19, 1905, Earp died at St. Mary's hospital in Goldfield.

In her memoirs, Allie wrote that Virgil's last words were, "Light my cigar, and stay here and hold my hand." His brother Wyatt was the last surviving participant of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Virgil was also survived by his father Nicholas, brothers James and Newton, wife Allie, and daughter Nellie.

At the request of his daughter, Nellie Jane Bohn, Allie sent his body to Portland, Oregon, and he was buried in the River View Cemetery there.

In popular culture
Virgil Earp has been portrayed by several actors.
 * Rex Bell in the 1942 film Tombstone, the Town Too Tough to Die.
 * Tim Holt in the 1946 film My Darling Clementine.
 * John Hudson in the 1957 film Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
 * John Anderson in five episodes (1960–1961) of the ABC western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp.
 * Ross Elliott in The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp during 1958 and 1959.
 * Victor Carin in the 1966 Doctor Who serial "The Gunfighters".
 * Frank Converse in the 1967 film Hour of the Gun
 * Charles Maxwell in the 1968 Star Trek episode "Spectre of the Gun".
 * Sam Elliott in the 1993 film Tombstone.
 * Michael Madsen in the 1994 film Wyatt Earp.

title: Virgil Earp


text:
John Ross

John or Jack Ross may refer to:

Entertainment

 * John Ross (author) (1957–2022), American author of the 1996 novel Unintended Consequences
 * John F. Ross (author), American historian and author
 * John Ross (publisher), printer and publisher in 19th century Newcastle
 * John Ross (artist) (fl. 1996), British comic book artist
 * Jack Ross (musician) (1916–1982), rock and roll singles in 1962
 * Jack Ross (writer) (born 1962), New Zealand poet and novelist
 * John Ross Ewing III, character in the TV series Dallas
 * John A. Ross (composer) (1940–2006), African American jazz musician, composer and choral conductor
 * John Ross (drummer), former member of Hostage Calm

Law

 * John Ross of the Inner Temple (1563–1607), English barrister and poet
 * John Wesley Ross (1841–1902), American attorney in Washington, D.C.
 * Sir John Ross, 1st Baronet (1853–1935), Irish judge and Unionist politician
 * John Rolly Ross (1899–1963), U.S. federal judge
 * John William Ross (1878–1925), U.S. federal judge
 * John Wilson Ross (1863–1945), Justice of the Supreme Court of Arizona
 * John Andrew Ross (born 1954), Missouri judge

Military

 * John Ross (American patriot) (1726–1800), figure in the American Revolution
 * John Lockhart-Ross (1721–1790), admiral of the British Royal Navy
 * John Ross (British Army officer, died 1809) (1744–1809), British Army officer
 * John Ross (Royal Navy officer) (1777–1856), British naval officer and Polar explorer
 * John E. Ross (1818–1890), fought in the Modoc War
 * John Ross (VC) (1822–1879), Scottish corporal of the British Army during the Crimean War
 * John Ross (British Army officer, born 1829) (1829–1905), British commander
 * John Ross (British Army officer, died 1843), Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
 * John Buchan Ross (1912–2009), British Royal Air Force officer
 * Jack Ross (Australian soldier) (John Campbell Ross, 1899–2009), Australian veteran of the First World War
 * John H. Ross (1918–2013), pilot during World War II

Politics

 * John Ross (representative) (1770–1834), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
 * John Ross (Cherokee chief) (1790–1866), Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation
 * John Ross (Canadian politician) (1818–1871), Canadian Senator from Ontario
 * John Sylvester Ross (1821–1882), miller and political figure in Ontario
 * John Ross (Nova Scotia politician) (1822–1892), political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada
 * John Jones Ross (1831–1901), Canadian politician from Quebec
 * J. Gordon Ross (1891–1972), Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons
 * John Ross (New South Wales politician) (1891–1973), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
 * J. R. Campbell (communist) (1894–1969), British communist activist and newspaper editor
 * John N. Ross (1920–2011), Irish solicitor and politician
 * John Ross (activist) (1938–2011), American author, journalist, and activist
 * John Ross (Victorian politician) (1940–2003), member of the Victorian Legislative Council
 * Jack Ross (Arizona politician) (1927–2013), Arizona car dealer, philanthropist and politician
 * John Q. Ross (1873–1922), Lieutenant Governor of Michigan

Religion

 * John Ross (bishop of Carlisle) (died 1332), English bishop of Carlisle
 * John Ross (bishop of Exeter) (1719–1792), English bishop of Exeter
 * John Ross (missionary) (1842–1915), Scottish missionary to Northeast China

Sports

 * John Ross (American football) (born 1995), American football player
 * John Ross (curler) (born 1938), Canadian curler
 * Jack Ross (footballer, born 1892) (1892–1973), Australian rules footballer for Geelong between 1920 and 1922
 * Jack Ross (footballer, born 1895) (1895–1943), Australian rules footballer for Geelong in 1919
 * Jack Ross (footballer, born 1911) (1911–1996), Australian rules footballer for Collingwood
 * Jack Ross (footballer, born 2000), Australian rules footballer for Richmond
 * Jack Ross (footballer, born 1976), Scottish professional footballer

 * John Ross (rower) (1945–2009), Canadian rower in the 1968 Summer Olympics
 * John Ross (rugby union) (born 1967), Australian rugby player
 * John Ross (runner) (1931–2022), Canadian Olympic athlete
 * John Ross (tennis) (born 1964), professional tennis player

Other

 * John Ross, 1st Lord Ross (died 1501), Scottish nobleman
 * John Ross, 2nd Lord Ross (died 1513), Scottish nobleman
 * John Ross (explorer) (1817–1903), explorer of Central Australia
 * Charles Rawden Maclean (1815–1880), known as John Ross, sea captain and opponent of slavery
 * John W. Ross (Iowa architect) (1830–1914), architect in Davenport, Iowa
 * John W. Ross (North Dakota architect) (1848–1914), architect in Grand Forks, North Dakota
 * John Ross (businessman) (1840–1876), Scottish retail businessman
 * J. K. L. Ross (1876–1951), Canadian industrialist from Montreal
 * John Ross (chemist) (1926–2017), American physical chemist
 * John R. Ross (born 1938), American linguist
 * John Ross (blogger) (fl. 1980s), British far-left blogger
 * John Merry Ross (1833–1883), Scottish academic author and teacher

title: John Ross


text:
Chief Secretary for Ireland

The Chief Secretary for Ireland was a key political office in the British administration in Ireland. Nominally subordinate to the Lord Lieutenant, and officially the "Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant", from the early 19th century until the end of British rule he was effectively the government minister with responsibility for governing Ireland, roughly equivalent to the role of a Secretary of State, such as the similar role of Secretary of State for Scotland. Usually it was the Chief Secretary, rather than the Lord Lieutenant, who sat in the British Cabinet. The Chief Secretary was ex officio President of the Local Government Board for Ireland from its creation in 1872.

British rule over much of Ireland came to an end as the result of the Irish War of Independence, which culminated in the establishment of the Irish Free State. In consequence the office of Chief Secretary was abolished, as well as that of Lord Lieutenant. Executive responsibility within the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland was effectively transferred to the President of the Executive Council (i.e. the prime minister) and the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland respectively.

History of the office
The dominant position of the Lord Lieutenant at Dublin Castle had been central to the British administration of the Kingdom of Ireland for much of its history. Poynings' Law in particular meant that the Parliament of Ireland lacked an independent power of legislation, and the Crown kept control of executive authority in the hands of the Lord Lieutenant and its own appointees, rather than in the hands of ministers responsible to the Irish parliament.

In 1560, Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland ordered the Lord Lieutenant, the Earl of Sussex, to appoint John Challoner of Dublin as Secretary of State for Ireland "because at this present there is none appointed to be Clerk of our Council there, and considering how more meet it were, that in our realm there were for our honour one to be our Secretary there for the affairs of our Realm". The appointment of a Secretary was intended to both improve Irish administration, and to keep the Lord Lieutenant in line. The role of Secretary of State for Ireland and Chief Secretary of Ireland were originally distinct positions, Thomas Pelham being the first individual appointed to both offices concurrently in 1796.

Over time, the post of Chief Secretary gradually increased in importance, particularly because of his role as manager of legislative business for the Government in the Irish House of Commons, in which he sat as an MP. While the Irish administration was not responsible to the parliament, it nevertheless needed to manage and influence it in order to ensure the passage of legislation.

Chief Secretary Viscount Castlereagh played a key role in the enactment of the Act of Union which passed in the Irish Parliament on its second attempt in 1800 through the exercise of patronage and direct bribery. Upon the Union on 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland was merged into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Irish parliament ceased to exist. However, the existing system of administration in Ireland continued broadly in place, with the offices of Lord Lieutenant and Chief Secretary retaining their respective roles.

The last Chief Secretary to represent an Irish constituency while in office was Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, MP for County Louth, who served from 1868 to 1871.

The last Chief Secretary was Sir Hamar Greenwood, who left office in October 1922. The Irish Free State, comprising the greater part of Ireland, would become independent on 6 December 1922. In Northern Ireland, a new Government of Northern Ireland was established, with a Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. This government was suspended in 1972, and the position of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland was created as a position in the British cabinet.

List of chief secretaries for Ireland
This list includes holders of a key political office in the British administration in Ireland. Nominally subordinate to the Lord Lieutenant, from the late 18th century until the end of British rule he was effectively the government minister with responsibility for governing Ireland; usually it was the Chief Secretary, rather than the Lord Lieutenant, who sat in the British Cabinet. Exceptions were the periods from 29 June 1895 to 8 August 1902, when the Lord Lieutenant Lord Cadogan sat in the Cabinet and the Chief Secretaries Gerald Balfour until 9 November 1900 did not sit there and George Wyndham from that date also sat there, and from 28 October 1918 to 2 April 1921, when both the Lord Lieutenant Lord French and the Chief Secretaries Edward Shortt, Ian Macpherson and Sir Hamar Greenwood sat in the Cabinet.

Kingdom of Ireland
{| class="wikitable"
 * colspan=5|
 * colspan=5|

1566–1660
! Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Served under
 * Edward Waterhouse
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 20 January 1566
 * 9 October 1567
 * Sir Henry Sidney
 * Edward Waterhouse (second time)
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 28 October 1568
 * Sir Henry Sidney
 * Edmund Tremayne
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 15 July 1569
 * 31 March 1571
 * Sir Henry Sidney
 * Philip Williams
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * post March 1571
 * 17 September 1575
 * Sir William Fitzwilliam
 * Edmund Molyneux
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 18 September 1575
 * Sir Henry Sidney
 * Edmund Spenser
 * [[image:Edmund Spenser oil painting.JPG|75px]]
 * 7 September 1580
 * 30 August 1582
 * The Lord Grey de Wilton
 * Philip Williams
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 21 June 1584
 * 10 August 1594
 * Sir John Perrot Sir William FitzWilliam
 * Richard Cooke
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 11 August 1594
 * 21 May 1597
 * Sir William Russell
 * Philip Williams
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 22 May 1597
 * 13 October 1597
 * The Lord Burgh
 * Henry Wotton
 * [[Image:SirHenryWotton.jpg|75px]]
 * 15 April 1599
 * 4 September 1599
 * The Earl of Essex
 * Francis Mitchell
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 28 February 1600
 * March 1600
 * The Lord Mountjoy
 * George Cranmer
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * March 1600
 * Died 16 July 1600
 * The Lord Mountjoy
 * Fynes Moryson
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 14 November 1600
 * 31 May 1603
 * The Lord Mountjoy
 * John Bingley
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1 June 1603
 * 2 February 1605
 * Sir George Carey
 * Henry Piers
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 3 February 1605
 * 10 February 1616
 * Sir Arthur Chichester
 * Henry Holcroft
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 30 August 1616
 * 3 May 1622
 * Sir Oliver St John
 * Sir John Veele
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 8 September 1622
 * 25 October 1629
 * The Viscount Falkland
 * George Lane
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 21 January 1644
 * April 1646
 * The Marquess of Ormonde
 * colspan=5|
 * Sir Arthur Chichester
 * Henry Holcroft
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 30 August 1616
 * 3 May 1622
 * Sir Oliver St John
 * Sir John Veele
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 8 September 1622
 * 25 October 1629
 * The Viscount Falkland
 * George Lane
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 21 January 1644
 * April 1646
 * The Marquess of Ormonde
 * colspan=5|
 * April 1646
 * The Marquess of Ormonde
 * colspan=5|
 * colspan=5|

1660–1701
! Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Served under
 * Matthew Locke
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1660
 * 1660
 * The Lord Robartes
 * Sir Thomas Page
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1662
 * 1669
 * The Duke of Ormonde: The Earl of Ossory
 * Henry Ford
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1669
 * 1670
 * The Lord Robartes
 * Sir Ellis Leighton
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1670
 * 1672
 * The Lord Berkeley of Stratton
 * Sir Henry Ford
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1672
 * 1673
 * The Earl of Essex
 * William Harbord
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1673
 * 1676
 * The Earl of Essex
 * Sir Cyril Wyche
 * Sir Cyril Wyche (c.1632–1707).jpg
 * 1677
 * 1682
 * The Duke of Ormonde
 * Sir William Ellis
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1682
 * 1685
 * The Duke of Ormonde
 * Sir Paul Rycaut
 * Sir Paul Rycaut by Sir Peter Lely.jpg
 * 1686
 * 1687
 * The Earl of Clarendon
 * Thomas Sheridan
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1687
 * 1688
 * The Earl of Tyrconnell
 * Bishop Patrick Tyrrell
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1688
 * 1689
 * The Earl of Tyrconnell
 * John Davis
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1690
 * 1692
 * Sir Cyril Wyche
 * Sir Cyril Wyche by Unknown artist.jpg
 * 1692
 * 1693
 * The Viscount Sydney
 * Sir Richard Aldworth
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1693
 * 1696
 * The Lord Capell
 * William Palmer
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1696
 * 1697
 * Matthew Prior
 * [[Image:Matthew Prior by Thomas Hudson.jpg|75px]]
 * 1697
 * 1699
 * Humphrey May
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1699
 * 1701
 * colspan=5|
 * 1696
 * The Lord Capell
 * William Palmer
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1696
 * 1697
 * Matthew Prior
 * [[Image:Matthew Prior by Thomas Hudson.jpg|75px]]
 * 1697
 * 1699
 * Humphrey May
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1699
 * 1701
 * colspan=5|
 * Humphrey May
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1699
 * 1701
 * colspan=5|
 * colspan=5|
 * colspan=5|

1701–1750
! Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Served under
 * Francis Gwyn
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1701
 * 1703
 * The Earl of Rochester
 * Edward Southwell
 * [[Image:Edward Southwell.jpg|75px]]
 * 1703
 * 1707
 * The Duke of Ormonde
 * George Dodington
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1707
 * 1708
 * The Earl of Pembroke
 * Joseph Addison
 * [[Image:Joseph Addison by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg|75px]]
 * 1708
 * 1710
 * The Earl of Wharton
 * Edward Southwell
 * [[Image:Edward Southwell.jpg|75px]]
 * 1710
 * 1713
 * The Duke of Ormonde
 * Sir John Stanley, Bt
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1713
 * 1714
 * The Duke of Shrewsbury
 * Joseph Addison
 * [[Image:Joseph Addison by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg|75px]]
 * 1714
 * 1715
 * The Earl of Sunderland
 * Martin Bladen and Charles Delafaye
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1715
 * 1717
 * Edward Webster
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1717
 * 1720
 * The Duke of Bolton
 * Horatio Walpole
 * [[File:Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton by Christian Friedrich Zincke.jpg|75px]]
 * 1720
 * 1721
 * The Duke of Grafton
 * Edward Hopkins
 * [[Image:Portrait of Edward Hopkins Esqr (4670902).jpg|75px]]
 * 1721
 * 1724
 * The Duke of Grafton
 * Thomas Clutterbuck
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1724
 * 1730
 * The Lord Carteret
 * Walter Cary (also spelt 'Carey')
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1730
 * 1737
 * The Duke of Dorset
 * Sir Edward Walpole
 * Thomas Hudson Portrait of Sir Edward Walpole.jpg
 * 1737
 * 1739
 * The Duke of Devonshire
 * Thomas Townshend
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1739
 * 1739
 * The Duke of Devonshire
 * Hon. Henry Bilson Legge
 * [[Image:HenryBilsonLegge.jpg|75px]]
 * 1739
 * 1741
 * The Duke of Devonshire
 * Viscount Duncannon
 * [[Image:Joshua Reynolds, Portrait of William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough (c. 1760).jpg|75px]]
 * 1741
 * 1745
 * The Duke of Devonshire
 * Richard Liddell
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1745
 * 1746
 * The Earl of Chesterfield
 * Sewallis Shirley
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1746
 * 1746
 * The Earl of Chesterfield
 * Edward Weston
 * 1746
 * 1750
 * The Earl of Harrington
 * colspan=5|
 * 1741
 * 1745
 * The Duke of Devonshire
 * Richard Liddell
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1745
 * 1746
 * The Earl of Chesterfield
 * Sewallis Shirley
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1746
 * 1746
 * The Earl of Chesterfield
 * Edward Weston
 * 1746
 * 1750
 * The Earl of Harrington
 * colspan=5|
 * 1746
 * 1750
 * The Earl of Harrington
 * colspan=5|
 * colspan=5|

1750–1801
! Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Served under
 * Lord George Sackville
 * MarshGeorge1800George Germain.jpg
 * 1750
 * 1755
 * The Duke of Dorset
 * Hon. Henry Seymour Conway
 * Henryseymour.jpg
 * 1755
 * 1757
 * The Duke of Devonshire
 * Richard Rigby
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1757
 * 1761
 * The Duke of Bedford
 * William Gerard Hamilton
 * [[Image:Right_Honourable_William_Gerard_Hamilton,_one_of_his_Majesty's_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council_and_chancellor_of_the_Exchequer,_in_Ireland.jpg|75px]]
 * 1761
 * 1764
 * The Earl of Halifax; The Earl of Northumberland
 * The Earl of Drogheda
 * [[Image:Charles_Moore,_1st_Marquess_of_Drogheda.jpg|75px]]
 * 1764
 * 1765
 * The Earl of Northumberland
 * Sir Charles Bunbury
 * Sir-Thomas-Charles-Bunbury-6th-Bt.jpg
 * 1765
 * 1765
 * The Viscount Weymouth
 * Viscount Conway
 * [[Image:Francis_Seymour_Conway,_2nd_Marquess_of_Hertford_NPG_D9798.jpg|75px]]
 * 1765
 * 1766
 * The Earl of Hertford
 * Hon. Augustus Hervey
 * [[Image:Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol by Sir Joshua Reynolds.jpg|75px]]
 * 1766
 * 1767
 * The Earl of Bristol
 * Theophilus Jones
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1767
 * 1767
 * The Earl of Bristol
 * Lord Frederick Campbell
 * [[Image:Lord Frederick Campbell (1729–1816) by Henry Raeburn.jpg|75px]]
 * 1767
 * 1768
 * The Viscount Townshend
 * Sir George Macartney
 * [[Image:George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney by Lemuel Francis Abbott.jpg|75px]]
 * 1769
 * 1772
 * The Viscount Townshend
 * Sir John Blaquiere
 * [[Image:1stLordDeBlaquiere.jpg|75px]]
 * 1772
 * 1776
 * The Earl Harcourt
 * Sir Richard Heron
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1776
 * 1780
 * The Earl of Buckinghamshire
 * William Eden
 * [[File:Sir Thomas Lawrence - William Eden, First Lord Auckland, M. P. - 2005.201 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg|75px]]
 * 1780
 * 1782
 * The Earl of Carlisle
 * Hon. Richard FitzPatrick
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1782
 * 1782
 * The Duke of Portland
 * William Grenville
 * [[Image:1st Baron Grenville-cropped.jpg|75px]]
 * 1782
 * 1783
 * The Earl Temple
 * William Windham
 * [[Image:WilliamWindham.jpg|75px]]
 * 1783
 * 1783
 * The Earl of Northington
 * Hon. Thomas Pelham
 * [[Image:2ndEarlOfChichester.jpg|75px]]
 * 1783
 * 1784
 * The Earl of Northington
 * Thomas Orde
 * [[Image:Thomas Orde-Powlett 1st Baron Bolton.jpg|75px]]
 * 1784
 * 1787
 * The Duke of Rutland
 * Alleyne FitzHerbert
 * [[Image:Alleyne FitzHerbert04738.jpg|75px]]
 * 1787
 * 1789
 * The Marquess of Buckingham
 * Hon. Robert Hobart
 * [[Image:4thEarlOfBuckinghamshire.jpg|75px]]
 * 1789
 * 1793
 * The Marquess of Buckingham; The Earl of Westmorland
 * Sylvester Douglas
 * [[Image:1stLordGlenbervie.jpg|75px]]
 * 1793
 * 1794
 * The Earl of Westmorland
 * Viscount Milton
 * Thomas Beach - George Damer, Viscount Milton 8607.jpg
 * 1794
 * 1795
 * The Earl FitzWilliam
 * Hon. Thomas Pelham
 * [[Image:2ndEarlOfChichester.jpg|75px]]
 * 1795
 * 1798
 * The Earl Camden
 * Viscount Castlereagh
 * [[Image:Lord Castlereagh Marquess of Londonderry.jpg|75px]]
 * 1798
 * 1801
 * The Marquess Cornwallis
 * }
 * Sylvester Douglas
 * [[Image:1stLordGlenbervie.jpg|75px]]
 * 1793
 * 1794
 * The Earl of Westmorland
 * Viscount Milton
 * Thomas Beach - George Damer, Viscount Milton 8607.jpg
 * 1794
 * 1795
 * The Earl FitzWilliam
 * Hon. Thomas Pelham
 * [[Image:2ndEarlOfChichester.jpg|75px]]
 * 1795
 * 1798
 * The Earl Camden
 * Viscount Castlereagh
 * [[Image:Lord Castlereagh Marquess of Londonderry.jpg|75px]]
 * 1798
 * 1801
 * The Marquess Cornwallis
 * }
 * 1798
 * 1801
 * The Marquess Cornwallis
 * }

United Kingdom
{| class="wikitable"
 * colspan=6|
 * colspan=6|

1801–1852
! colspan=2|Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Political party ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " |
 * Charles Abbot MP for Helston
 * [[Image:Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester by John Hoppner.jpg|75px]]
 * 1801
 * 1802
 * Tory
 * William Wickham MP for Cashel
 * William Wickham (1761-1840) Chief Secretary Ireland.jpg
 * 1802
 * 1804
 * Tory
 * Sir Evan Nepean, Bt MP for Bridport
 * [[Image:SirEvanNepean.JPG|75px]]
 * 1804
 * 1805
 * Tory
 * Nicholas Vansittart MP for Old Sarum
 * [[Image:Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley.jpg|75px]]
 * 1805
 * 1805
 * Tory
 * Charles Long MP for Wendover
 * [[Image:1stLordFarnborough.jpg|75px]]
 * 1805
 * 1806
 * Tory
 * William Elliot MP for Peterborough
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 1806
 * 1807
 * Whig
 * Sir Arthur Wellesley MP for Tralee (1807) MP for Mitchell (1807) MP for Newport (1807–09)
 * [[Image:Lord Arthur Wellesley the Duke of Wellington.jpg|75px]]
 * 1807
 * 1809
 * Tory
 * Robert Dundas MP for Midlothian
 * [[Image:Robert Saunders Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville.jpg|75px]]
 * 1809
 * 1809
 * Tory
 * William Wellesley-Pole MP for Queen's County
 * [[Image:William Wellesley-Pole, later 1st Baron Maryborough, by Thomas Lawrence.jpg|75px]]
 * 1809
 * 1812
 * Tory
 * Robert Peel MP for Chippenham (1812–17) MP for Oxford University (1817–29)
 * [[Image:Robert Peel by RR Scanlan detail.jpg|75px]]
 * 1812
 * 1818
 * Tory
 * Charles Grant MP for Inverness-shire
 * [[Image:Lord-glenelg.jpg|75px]]
 * 1818
 * 1821
 * Tory
 * Henry Goulburn MP for West Looe (1818–26) MP for Armagh City (1826–31)
 * [[Image:HenryGoulburn.jpg|75px]]
 * 29 December 1821
 * 29 April 1827
 * Tory
 * William Lamb MP for Bletchingley
 * [[Image:William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, painted by John Partridge.jpg|75px]]
 * 29 April 1827
 * 21 June 1828
 * Whig
 * Lord Francis Leveson-Gower MP for Sutherland
 * [[Image:Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere by Edwin Longsden Long.jpg|75px]]
 * 21 June 1828
 * 30 July 1830
 * Tory
 * Sir Henry Hardinge MP for St Germans
 * [[Image:Henryhardinge.jpg|75px]]
 * 30 July 1830
 * 15 November 1830
 * Tory
 * Edward Smith-Stanley MP for Windsor (1831–32) MP for North Lancashire (1832–44)
 * [[Image:14th Earl of Derby.jpg|75px]]
 * 29 November 1830
 * 29 March 1833
 * Whig
 * Sir John Hobhouse, Bt MP for Westminster
 * [[Image:John Cam Hobhouse.jpg|75px]]
 * 29 March 1833
 * May 1833
 * Whig
 * Edward Littleton MP for South Staffordshire
 * [[Image:Edward John Littleton, 1st Baron Hatherton by Sir George Hayter.jpg|75px]]
 * May 1833
 * 14 November 1834
 * Whig
 * Sir Henry Hardinge MP for Launceston
 * [[Image:Henryhardinge.jpg|75px]]
 * 16 December 1834
 * 8 April 1835
 * Conservative
 * Viscount Morpeth MP for West Riding of Yorkshire
 * [[Image:7th Earl of Carlisle.jpg|75px]]
 * 22 April 1835
 * 30 August 1841
 * Whig
 * Lord Eliot MP for East Cornwall
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 6 February 1841
 * 1 February 1845
 * Conservative
 * Sir Thomas Fremantle, Bt MP for Buckingham
 * [[Image:1st Baron Cottesloe.png|75px]]
 * 1 February 1845
 * 14 February 1846
 * Conservative
 * The Earl of Lincoln MP for Falkirk Burghs
 * [[Image:5thDukeOfNewcastle.jpg|75px]]
 * 14 February 1846
 * June 1846
 * Conservative
 * Henry Labouchere MP for Taunton
 * [[Image:Charles Baugniet00a.jpg|75px]]
 * 6 July 1846
 * 22 July 1847
 * Whig
 * Sir William Somerville, Bt MP for Drogheda
 * [[Image:No image.svg|75px]]
 * 22 July 1847
 * 21 February 1852
 * Whig
 * colspan=6|
 * colspan=6|

1852–1900
! colspan=2|Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Political party ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " |
 * Lord Naas MP for Coleraine
 * [[Image:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|75px]]
 * 1 March 1852
 * 17 December 1852
 * Conservative
 * Sir John Young, Bt MP for Cavan
 * [[Image:John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar.png|75px]]
 * 6 January 1853
 * 30 January 1855
 * Peelite
 * Edward Horsman MP for Stroud
 * [[Image:Horsman, Edward (1807-1876), by Southwell Brothers, c.1862-4.jpg|75px]]
 * 1 March 1855
 * 27 May 1857
 * Whig
 * Henry Arthur Herbert MP for Kerry
 * [[Image:Henry Arthur Herbert sr.PNG|75px]]
 * 27 May 1857
 * 21 February 1858
 * Whig
 * Lord Naas MP for Cockermouth
 * [[Image:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|75px]]
 * 4 March 1858
 * 11 June 1859
 * Conservative
 * Edward Cardwell MP for Oxford
 * [[Image:1stViscountCardwell.jpg|75px]]
 * 24 June 1859
 * 29 July 1861
 * Liberal
 * Sir Robert Peel, Bt MP for Tamworth
 * [[Image:Peel, Sir Robert, third baronet (1822-1895), by Camille Silvy.jpg|75px]]
 * 29 July 1861
 * 7 December 1865
 * Liberal
 * Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue MP for County Louth
 * [[Image:1st Baron Carlingford.jpg|75px]]
 * 7 December 1865
 * 26 June 1866
 * Liberal
 * The Earl of Mayo MP for Cockermouth
 * [[Image:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|75px]]
 * 10 July 1866
 * 29 September 1868
 * Conservative
 * John Wilson-Patten MP for North Lancashire
 * [[Image:John Wilson-Patten.jpg|75px]]
 * 29 September 1868
 * 1 December 1868
 * Conservative
 * Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue MP for County Louth
 * [[Image:1st Baron Carlingford.jpg|75px]]
 * 16 December 1868
 * 12 January 1871
 * Liberal
 * Marquess of Hartington MP for Radnor
 * [[Image:Picture of Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire.jpg|75px]]
 * 12 January 1871
 * 17 February 1874
 * Liberal
 * Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, Bt MP for East Gloucestershire
 * [[Image:St Aldwyn Michael Edward Hicks-Beach (1st Earl).jpg|75px]]
 * 27 February 1874
 * 15 February 1878
 * Conservative
 * James Lowther MP for City of York
 * [[Image:James Lowther Vanity Fair 8 December 1877.jpg|75px]]
 * 15 February 1878
 * 21 April 1880
 * Conservative
 * William Edward Forster MP for Bradford
 * [[Image:William Edward Forster - Project Gutenberg eText 13789.jpg|75px]]
 * 30 April 1880
 * 6 May 1882
 * Liberal
 * Lord Frederick Cavendish MP for West Riding of Yorkshire North
 * [[Image:Cavendish, Lord Frederick Charles (1836-1882), by John D. Miller, pubd 1883 (after Sir William Blake Richmond, exh. RA 1874).jpg|75px]]
 * 6 May 1882
 * 6 May 1882
 * Liberal
 * George Trevelyan MP for Hawick Burghs
 * [[Image:George Otto Trevelyan portrait early career.jpg|75px]]
 * 9 May 1882
 * 23 October 1884
 * Liberal
 * Henry Campbell-Bannerman MP for Stirling Burghs
 * [[Image:Sir-Henry-Campbell-Bannerman.jpg|75px]]
 * 23 October 1884
 * 9 June 1885
 * Liberal
 * Sir William Hart Dyke, Bt MP for Mid Kent
 * [[Image:William Hart Dyke by George W Baldry.jpg|75px]]
 * 25 June 1885
 * 23 January 1886
 * Conservative
 * William Henry Smith MP for Strand
 * [[Image:William Henry Smith (1825–1891).jpg|75px]]
 * 23 January 1886
 * 28 January 1886
 * Conservative
 * John Morley MP for Newcastle-upon-Tyne
 * [[Image:John Morley 2.jpg|75px]]
 * 6 February 1886
 * 20 July 1886
 * Liberal
 * Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt MP for Bristol West
 * [[Image:St Aldwyn Michael Edward Hicks-Beach (1st Earl).jpg|75px]]
 * 5 August 1886
 * 7 March 1887
 * Conservative
 * Arthur Balfour MP for Manchester East
 * [[Image:A.J. Balfour LCCN2014682753 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
 * 7 March 1887
 * 9 November 1891
 * Conservative
 * William Jackson MP for Leeds North
 * [[Image:William Lawies Jackson.JPG|75px]]
 * 9 November 1891
 * 11 August 1892
 * Conservative
 * John Morley MP for Newcastle-upon-Tyne
 * [[Image:John Morley 2.jpg|75px]]
 * 22 August 1892
 * 21 June 1895
 * Liberal
 * Gerald Balfour MP for Leeds Central
 * [[Image:GeraldBalfour.jpg|75px]]
 * 1895
 * 1900
 * Conservative
 * colspan=6|
 * colspan=6|

1900–1922
! colspan=2|Name ! Portrait ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Political party ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " | ! style="background-color: " |
 * George Wyndham MP for Dover
 * [[Image:George Wyndham.jpg|75px]]
 * 9 November 1900
 * 12 March 1905
 * Conservative
 * Walter Long MP for Bristol South
 * [[Image:Walter Hume Long, 1st Viscount Long portrait.jpg|75px]]
 * 12 March 1905
 * 4 December 1905
 * Conservative
 * James Bryce MP for Aberdeen South
 * [[Image:1st Viscount Bryce 1902b.jpg|75px]]
 * 10 December 1905
 * 23 January 1907
 * Liberal
 * Augustine Birrell MP for Bristol North
 * [[Image:Augustine Birrell.jpg|75px]]
 * 23 January 1907
 * 3 May 1916
 * Liberal
 * Henry Duke MP for Exeter
 * [[Image:1stLordMerrivale.jpg|75px]]
 * 31 July 1916
 * 5 May 1918
 * Conservative
 * Edward Shortt MP for Newcastle upon Tyne West
 * [[Image:Edward_Shortt.jpg|75px]]
 * 5 May 1918
 * 10 January 1919
 * Liberal
 * Ian Macpherson MP for Ross and Cromarty
 * [[Image:1923 Ian Macpherson.jpg|75px]]
 * 10 January 1919
 * 2 April 1920
 * Liberal
 * Sir Hamar Greenwood, Bt MP for Sunderland
 * [[Image:Hamar Greenwood (Bain Collection).jpg|75px]]
 * 2 April 1920
 * 19 October 1922
 * Liberal
 * }

title: Chief Secretary for Ireland