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Talk:Project planning

Added construction
I have been in the construction scheduling business for 32 years, and have a best-selling book on the subject. Over the years we have witnessed a shift of the central mass of scheduling application from construction to software. For instance, PMI (Project Management Institute) was formed by the construction industry but today its demographic is 85% software.

There are marked differences in how planning and scheduling functions are performed in the two industries. I have added text to clarify those differences at a 30,000-foot level. I have taken the initiative to cite my own book, which spends several chapters on the difference between planning and scheduling in the construction industry.

If the changes I have made survive editorial scrutiny, then I would like to find time to add additional articles to build up the understanding of construction planning and scheduling.

I have also linked to my company's website, as ICS (International Center for Scheduling) is the world's largest construction scheduling enterprise.--ICSGlobal (talk) 12:35, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

What's this? Could someone give more context? The article looks like as if it were an excerpt of some bussiness textbook. -- Taku 07:43, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC)

The article now lacks focus. It should ideally place Project Planning as a complementary management activity to Context-setting (Business Case, Team-building etc), Implementation, Monitoring and Control. Matt Whyndham 17:07, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

The link to the planning game is broken and I would really like to see it! It is that permission is forbidden.

How To
I removed the lengthy section below, because Wikipedia is not a how to. However it could probably be turned into something more encyclopaedic, so I've left it here if someone wants to try.

How to plan a project

 * 1) Determine the exact conditions for the project to be completed or to be terminated.  Before it is absolutely clear what the objectives of the project are, it makes little sense to start estimating how long it will take and how much it will cost.  Unfortunately, many project managers fail to take this first, crucial step. Each project should have a clear connection to one or more real of organization's business issues.
 * 2) Make an inventory of all the work that needs to be done with an estimate of the time it will take to complete by a single team member.  This can be done in a planning session with all the team members. Tasks that will take over three weeks to complete need to be broken down further to get good granularity.  To avoid getting swamped with details, the tasks at the lowest level should take approximately 1 week.  The result is a work breakdown structure. Make sure that having the project's deliverables injected into the organization or its environment will actually cause the expected benefits (project objectives) to materialize.
 * 3) Identify the resources needed to complete each terminal element of the WBS. At this point you can usually estimate the cost to deliver each terminal element and, consequently, the project (bottom-up approach). Sometimes a top-down approach to estimating costs is also possible by means of using coefficients (e.g. it costs between $X and $Y to build a square meter of a house of such-and-such a standard).
 * 4) Make a decision whether this initial plan makes sense, i.e. whether the costs justify the benefits. Modify the objectives and the supporting work as necessary.
 * 5) Define dependencies among tasks.  Some tasks need to be completed before other tasks can begin.  By putting tasks into their relative completion order, a project manager constructs a project network.
 * 6) Calculate the minimum time the project will take: it is the longest path through the project network from the start of the project until its end.  This path is called the critical path (or critical chain, if resource dependencies are taken into account).  Other tasks can be done in parallel to the critical path but any delay in the tasks on the critical path will automatically result in a delay in the overall deadline of the project.
 * 7) Create a project schedule (e.g. in the form of a Gantt chart).
 * 8) Plan for risk management and modify the project plan accordingly.
 * 9) Commit the organization to starting the project implementation.

Project planning is not something that is done only once at the beginning of the project. It should be an ongoing task of the project manager to keep an eye on the progress of his team and update the project plan accordingly. Project management software can be helpful if used properly. There are several project management standards that describe in detail how to plan and manage a project.

title: Talk:Project planning


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Jidai Matsuri

The Jidai Matsuri (時代祭) is a traditional Japanese festival (also called matsuri) held annually on October 22 in Kyoto, Japan. It is one of Kyoto's three major festivals, with the other two being the Aoi Matsuri, held annually on May 15, and the Gion Matsuri, which is held annually from 17 to July 24. It is a festival enjoyed by people of all ages, participating in its historical reenactment parade dressed in authentic costumes representing various periods, and characters in Japanese feudal history.

The Jidai Matsuri traces its roots to the relocation of the Japanese capital from Kyoto to Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This involved the relocation of the Emperor of Japan and the Imperial family, the Imperial Palace, and thousands of government officials and subjects to the new city. Fearing for Kyoto's loss of glory and interest from her people, and to commemorate its history, the city government and the Kyoto prefectural government commemorated the 1100th anniversary of the founding of Heian-kyō (平安京), which was the former name of Kyoto, in 794 by Emperor Kanmu (桓武天皇) (737–806). To inaugurate the first Jidai celebration in 1895, the city government built the Heian Shrine (平安神宮) to enshrine the spirit of Emperor Kanmu. To add meaning to the festival, it staged a costume procession representing people of each era in Kyoto history. In 1940, the local government decided that on top of honouring Emperor Kanmu, the Jidai festival was also to be held in honour of Emperor Kōmei (孝明天皇) (July 22, 1831 – January 30, 1867) for his work in unifying the country, the power of the imperial court and the affirmation of Kyoto as the center of Japan at the decline of the Tokugawa shogunate and the end of the Edo period.

The Jidai Matsuri begins in early morning with the mikoshi (portable shrines) brought out of the Kyoto Imperial Palace so that people may pay their respects. The mikoshi represents both Emperor Kanmu and Emperor Kōmei. The five-hour, two-kilometer costume procession begins in the afternoon, with approximately 2,000 performers dressed as samurai, military figures, and common people, from the earliest eras to the Meiji era. These are followed by Japanese women who are dressed in elaborate jūnihitoe (十二単衣). Finally, the mikoshi are carried from the palace and are accompanied by a costumed military band that plays the gagaku. The procession ends at the Heian Shrine.

The Jidai Matsuri in 2019 is rescheduled to 26 October due to the Enthronement ceremony of Emperor Naruhito.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jidai Matsuri


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Bojinka plot

The Bojinka plot (بوجينكا; Oplan Bojinka) was a large-scale, three-phase terrorist attack planned by Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed for January 1995. They planned to assassinate Pope John Paul II; blow up 11 airliners in flight from Asia to the United States, with the goal of killing approximately 4,000 passengers and shutting down air travel around the world; and crash a plane into the headquarters of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Langley, Virginia.

Despite careful planning, the Bojinka plot was disrupted after a chemical fire drew the attention of the Philippine National Police – Western Police District (PNP-WPD, now known as Manila Police District PNP-MPD) on January 6–7, 1995. Yousef and Mohammed were unable to stage any of the three attacks. The only fatality resulted from a test bomb planted by Yousef on Philippine Airlines Flight 434, which killed one person and injured 10 others. They also planted two other bombs in a shopping mall and theater in the southern Philippines. Elements of the Bojinka plot (including the plan to crash a plane into the CIA headquarters) would be used in the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, six years later. The Bojinka plot would have consisted of three phases, first the assassination of the then pope, mass bombings on American flights heading to the USA and an attack against America very similar to the 9/11 attacks, targeting landmarks and nuclear power plants, causing potential nuclear fallout. Political scientists estimate at least 24,000-60,000 people would have been killed and hundreds of thousands left affected due to this attack, making it possibly the deadliest terror attack in world history.

Terminology and etymology
The plot is also known as Oplan Bojinka, Operation Bojinka, Project Bojinka, and Bojinga. FBI officials described Operation Bojinka as "48 hours of terror".

Several news media outlets, including Time Asia, incorrectly stated that the word Bojinka means "loud bang" or "explosion" in the Serbo-Croatian language. Endnote 7 of Chapter 5 of the 9/11 Commission Report states that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed "says bojinka is not Serbo-Croatian for 'big bang', as has been widely reported, but rather a nonsense word he adopted after hearing it on the front lines in Afghanistan."

Financing
Funding for the Bojinka plot came from Osama bin Laden and Hambali, and from front organizations operated by Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, bin Laden's brother-in-law.

Wali Khan Amin Shah was the financier of the plot. He funded the plot by laundering money through his girlfriend and other Manila women, several of whom were bar hostesses and one of whom was an employee at a KFC restaurant. They were bribed with gifts and holiday trips so that they would open bank accounts to stash funds.

The transfers were small, equivalent to about 12,000 to 24,000 Philippine pesos ($500 to $1,000 US), and would be handed over each night at a Wendy's or a karaoke bar. The funds went to "Adam Sali", an alias used by Ramzi Yousef. The money came through a Filipino bank account owned by Jordanian Omar Abu Omar, who worked at International Relations and Information Centre, an Islamic organization run by Mohammed Jamal Khalifa.

A company called Konsojaya also provided financial assistance to the Manila cell by laundering money to it. Konsojaya was a front company that was started by the head of the group Jemaah Islamiyah, an Indonesian named Riduan Isamuddin, also known as Hambali. Wali Khan Amin Shah was on the board of directors of the company.

Planning

As soon as Yousef arrived in Manila, along with other "Arab Afghans" who were creating cells in Manila, he began work making bombs. Yousef had shown up in Singapore with Shah earlier in the autumn of 1994. The two got their Philippine visas in Singapore.

He left Manila for several days, but was met by Islamist emissaries upon his return to Metro Manila. They asked him to attack United States President Bill Clinton, who was due to arrive in the Philippines on November 12, 1994, as part of a five-day tour of Asia. Although Yousef thought of several ways to kill the president, including placing nuclear bombs on Clinton's motorcade route, firing a Stinger missile at Air Force One or the presidential limousine, launching theater ballistic missiles at Manila, and killing him with phosgene, a chemical weapon, he decided against this, reasoning the plan to be too difficult. However, he incorporated his plan to kill the then-incumbent Pope John Paul II into the Bojinka plot.

In 1994, Yousef and Khalid Sheik Mohammed started testing airport security. Yousef booked a flight between Kai Tak International Airport in Hong Kong and Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport near Taipei. Mohammed booked a flight between Ninoy Aquino International Airport near Manila and Kimpo International Airport near Seoul. The two had already converted 14 bottles of contact lens solution into bottles containing nitroglycerin, which was readily available in the Philippines. Yousef had taped a metal rod to the arch of his foot, which would serve as a detonator. The two wore jewelry and clothing with metal to confuse airport security. To support their claim that they were meeting women, they packed condoms in their bags.

On December 8, Yousef moved into the Doña Josefa Apartments in the Malate district under the alias "Najy Awaita Haddad", using a fake Moroccan identity. He booked Unit 603 in advance with a ₱80,000 deposit and an additional ₱40,000. Mohammed purported himself to be a Saudi or Qatari plywood exporter named "Abdul Majid". Upon settling in the unit, both men had already started planning Operation Bojinka.

Edith Guerrera, the manager, jokingly claimed with the receptionist after the two men asked for new registration forms, claiming that "they have forgotten their names", adding that the first ones were torn up, but nevertheless gave in to their requests. Unknown to them, Yousef had accidentally put his actual name on the first form.

The apartment was chosen because of its location; it was 200 m away from the Apostolic Nunciature, the Holy See's diplomatic mission in the Philippines, and 500 m down the street from Manila Police Station No. 9 on Quirino Avenue. One of the windows of the unit looks down on the path that the Papal motorcade was to take.

A conspirator named Abdul Hakim Murad went to Manila with Yousef and stayed at the same apartment.

People were suspicious of the men in Unit 603, who were described as being very secretive. According to Guerrera, the men gave the impression that they were in the Philippines to study, adding that "They looked like students". She also revealed that they double-locked the door when they were inside or out, and never asked for a cleaning crew to clear up the room, also adding that they "had chemical burns on their hands", carried boxes, and never hired other people to help them. Also unknown to them, the boxes contained chemicals bought from suppliers in Manila and Quezon City in Metro Manila, which Yousef used to make his bombs.

According to Abdul Hakim Murad, he gave Yousef an idea for crashing a plane into the CIA's headquarters; Yousef took this suggestion but did not draft plots for it at the moment, before heading off with Mohammed to Puerto Galera for scuba diving.

Test bombs: mall, theater, 747 airliner
Yousef's first operational test of his bomb was inside a mall in Cebu City. The bomb detonated several hours after he put it in a generator room. It caused minor damage, but it proved to Yousef that his bomb was workable. On December 1, 1994, Yousef placed a bomb under a seat in the Greenbelt Theatre in Manila to test what would happen if a bomb exploded under an airline seat. The bomb went off, injuring several patrons. Following this incident, Yousef booked the Manila-Cebu leg of the Narita-bound Philippine Airlines Flight 434 under the alias Armaldo Forlani using a forged Italian passport. During this leg, he built another bomb, which had one-tenth of the power that his final bombs were planned to have, in the lavatory of an aircraft, setting the timer for four hours. Yousef planted the bomb inside the life jacket pouch of seat 26K, which he moved into after takeoff, and disembarked in Cebu.

The bomb exploded while the aircraft was over Japan's Minamidaitō Island, part of Okinawa Prefecture, killing Haruki Ikegami, a Japanese businessman occupying the seat; an additional 10 passengers were injured. The flight was carrying 273 passengers in total. The blast blew a hole in the floor and the cabin's rapid expansion severed several control cables in the ceiling, cutting off control of the plane's right aileron, as well as both the captain and first officer's steering controls. Usually, 26K, the seat that Yousef chose to plant the bomb, would be positioned directly over the centre fuel tank, and the detonation of the bomb would have caused a crippling explosion, but on this particular airframe, a former Scandinavian Airlines aircraft, the seat was two rows forward from normal. The flight crew kept control of the Boeing 747-200 and brought it into an emergency landing at Okinawa's Naha Airport. Satisfied with the deadly results of the attack, Yousef then planned which flights to attack for "Phase II" of the plot.

Phase I: Pope assassination plot
The first plan was to assassinate Pope John Paul II when he visited the Philippines during the World Youth Day 1995 celebrations. On January 15, 1995, a suicide bomber would dress up as a priest, while John Paul II passed in his motorcade on his way to the San Carlos Seminary in Makati. The assassin planned to get close to the Pope and detonate the bomb. The planned assassination of the Pope was intended to divert attention from the next phase of the operation. About 20 men had been trained by Yousef to carry out this act prior to January 1995.

Phase II: Airline bombing plot
The details of Phase I were found in the evidence discovered in the investigation into Unit 603 in the Doña Josefa.

The next plan would have involved at least five terrorists, including Yousef, Shah, Murad, and two more unknown operatives. Beginning on January 21, 1995, and ending on January 22, 1995, they would have placed bombs on 11 United States-bound airliners which had stopovers scattered throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia. All of the flights had two legs, wherein the bombs would be planted inside life jackets under seats on the first leg, and each bomber would then disembark. He would then board one or two more flights and repeat. After all of the bombers had planted bombs on all of the flights, each man would then catch flights to Lahore, Pakistan. The attackers never needed U.S. visas, as they only would have been on the planes for their first legs within Asia.

United States airlines had been chosen instead of Asian airlines to maximize the shock toward Americans. The flights targeted were listed under operatives with codenames: "Zyed", "Majbos", "Markoa", "Mirqas" and "Obaid". Obaid, who was really Abdul Hakim Murad, was to plant a bomb on United Flight 80, then, go back to Singapore on another United flight which he would also bomb.

Zyed, probably Ramzi Yousef, was to target Northwest Flight 30, a United Flight going from Taipei to Honolulu, and a United Flight going from Bangkok to Taipei to San Francisco.

The explosions were to be timed by the operatives before they disembarked from the plane. The aircraft would have exploded over the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea almost simultaneously. If this plan worked, several thousand passengers would have perished, and air travel would likely have been shut down worldwide. The U.S. government estimated the prospective death toll to be about 4,000 if the plot had been executed. (For comparison, about 3,000 were killed during the September 11 attacks in the United States.)

If Phase II of the plot had been successful, it would have been, in terms of casualties, the most devastating terrorist attack in recent history.

Bomb
The "Mark II" "microbombs" had Casio digital watches as the timers, stabilizers that looked like cotton wool balls, and an undetectable quantity of nitroglycerin as the explosive. Other ingredients included glycerin, nitrate, sulfuric acid, and minute concentrations of nitrobenzene, silver azide (silver trinitride), and liquid acetone. Two 9-volt batteries in each bomb were used as a power source. The batteries would be connected to light bulb filaments that would detonate the bomb. Murad and Yousef wired an SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) as the switch to trigger the filaments to detonate the bomb. There was an external socket hidden when the wires were pushed under the watch base as the bomber would wear it. The alteration was so small that the watch could still be worn in a normal manner.

Yousef got batteries past airport security during his December 11 test bombing of Philippine Airlines Flight 434 by hiding them in hollowed-out heels of his shoes. Yousef smuggled the nitroglycerin on board by putting it inside a small container, reputedly containing contact lens cleaning solution.

Asia

 * Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong
 * Narita International Airport, (Formerly New Tokyo International Airport) Narita, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, near Tokyo
 * Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Pasay/Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, near Manila
 * Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (renamed Taoyuan International Airport), Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan), near Taipei, Taiwan
 * Singapore Changi Airport, Singapore
 * Gimpo International Airport, Gimpo, South Korea (Now a part of Seoul)
 * Bangkok (Don Mueang) International Airport, Bangkok, Thailand

United States

 * Honolulu International Airport, Honolulu, Hawaii
 * John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City, New York
 * Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles
 * Chicago O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois
 * San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco

Targeted flights

 * Dennis Piszkiewicz, author of Terrorism's War with America: A History, said that "Zyed" was probably the codename of Ramzi Yousef. "Zyed" was to attack a Northwest Airlines Manila-Seoul-Los Angeles flight, then a United Airlines Seoul-Taipei-Honolulu flight, and then a United Taipei-Bangkok-San Francisco flight. Zyed would then flee to Karachi, Pakistan after disembarking in Bangkok.
 * "Majbos" was to attack a United Airlines Taipei-Tokyo-Los Angeles flight, with him disembarking in Tokyo, and then proceed to a United Tokyo-Hong Kong-New York flight. After disembarking in Hong Kong, he would have fled to Karachi, Pakistan.
 * "Maroka" was to attack a Northwest Airlines Manila-Tokyo-Chicago flight, with him disembarking in Tokyo, and then proceed to a Northwest Tokyo-Hong Kong-New York flight. After disembarking in Hong Kong he would have escaped to Karachi.
 * "Mirqas" was to attack a United Airlines Manila-Seoul-San Francisco flight, with him disembarking in Seoul, and then proceed to a Delta Air Lines Seoul-Taipei-Bangkok flight. After disembarking in Taipei he would have escaped to Karachi.
 * "Obaida" was to attack a United Singapore-Hong Kong-Los Angeles flight and a United Los Angeles-Hong Kong-Singapore flight which would become a Singapore-Hong Kong-San Francisco flight. After arriving in Singapore, Obaida was to flee to Pakistan.

Phase III: CIA plane crash plot
Abdul Hakim Murad's confession detailed Phase III in his interrogation by the Manila police after his capture.

Phase III would have involved Murad either renting, buying, or hijacking a small airplane, preferably a Cessna. The airplane would be filled with explosives. He would then crash it into the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in the Langley area in Fairfax County, Virginia. Murad had been trained as a pilot in North Carolina, and was slated to be a suicide pilot.

There were alternate plans to hijack a 12th commercial airliner and use that instead of the small aircraft, probably due to the Manila cell's growing frustration with explosives, as they knew testing them in a house or apartment was dangerous, and could easily give away the terrorist plot. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed likely made the alternate plan.

A report from the Philippines to the United States on January 20, 1995, stated, "What the subject has in his mind is that he will board any American commercial aircraft pretending to be an ordinary passenger. Then he will hijack said aircraft, control its cockpit and dive it at the CIA headquarters."

Another plot that was considered would have involved the hijacking of more airplanes. The World Trade Center (New York City, New York), The Pentagon (Arlington, Virginia), the United States Capitol (Washington, D.C.), the White House (Washington, D.C.), the Sears Tower (Chicago, Illinois), the U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles, California) and the Transamerica Pyramid (San Francisco, California) would have been the likely targets. In his confession to Filipino investigators, prior to the foiling of Operation Bojinka, Abdul Hakim Murad said that this part of the plot was dropped since the Manila cell could not recruit enough people to implement other hijackings. This plot would eventually be the base plot for the September 11 attacks which involved hijacking commercial airliners as opposed to small aircraft loaded with explosives and crashing them into their intended targets. However, only the World Trade Center (which was destroyed) and The Pentagon (which suffered partial damage) were hit. The original plan for the September 11 attacks was to hijack ten airplanes, with one of them confirmed to have been planned to crash into the U.S Bank Tower in Los Angeles. Additionally, the United States Capitol and the White House were the potential targets of United Airlines Flight 93 but were never hit due to passengers revolting against the hijackers, which caused the hijacked plane to crash into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

Discovery and termination
The plot was abandoned after an apartment fire at the six-story Doña Josefa apartments occurred in Manila, Philippines, on the evening of Friday, January 6, 1995. The fire occurred before Pope John Paul II was scheduled to visit the Philippines on January 12.

According to the initial accounts of the Philippine authorities, Abdul Hakim Murad started a chemical fire in the kitchen sink in Room 603 on the sixth floor of the Doña Josefa apartment by pouring water on a substance. The fire was spotted at about 11:00p.m. after residents complained about a strange odour. Edith Guerrera, the owner of the apartments, called the fire brigade, but the fire went out unassisted. Yousef and Murad had told the firefighters to stay away before they fled. Police Major Francisco F. Bautista and his staff, including watch commander Aida D. Fariscal, decided to investigate the situation and saw four hot plates in their packing crates, what looked like cotton batting soaked in a beige solution, and loops of green, red, blue, and yellow electrical wiring. The telephone rang, and the police ran downstairs, thinking that it was a trap. Fariscal had been suspicious of the men in Room 603 due to the recent wave of bombings (committed by Yousef) that hit Metro Manila and Philippine Airlines Flight 434. Seeking a search warrant, they left and asked 11 judges before finding one that would grant a warrant.

A 2002 Los Angeles Times article stated that the police deliberately set a fire to rouse the men out of their apartment.

After police discovered the evidence, they arrested a man who called himself "Ahmed Saeed". "Saeed", who later proved to be Murad, claimed that he was a commercial pilot who was on his way to the precinct house to explain that what he claimed to be firecrackers had gone off. Murad initially tried to run away, but he was arrested after he tripped over a tree root. The arresting officer, having lost his handcuffs, improvised a solution by tying Murad's hands with the elastic cord taken from the officer's raincoat. Murad was hauled to the precinct in a taxi van with the help of two other people. He offered 110,740 Philippine pesos (US$2,000) to the policemen if they would agree to let him go, but the officers refused. At the precinct, Murad signed a statement saying that he was innocent and that he was a tourist visiting his friend in his chemical import/export business. He then mumbled about "two Satans that must be destroyed: the Pope and America."

Fariscal was later depicted in the 2006 docudrama The Path to 9/11, in which US agencies in the script gave her much credit. An actress portrays her in the Mayday episode "Bomb on Board". The widow of a slain police officer, she had spent 17 years as a homemaker before enrolling in the police department in 1977. She became well known in her home nation, which awarded her the equivalent of 33,222 pesos ($700) and a trip to Taiwan. The CIA awarded her a certificate reading "in recognition of your personal outstanding efforts and co-operation." Her decision to investigate the fire was key to disrupting the plot and forcing Yousef to flee.

Evidence in Room 603
When the officers returned to Suite 603 at 2:30a.m. on January 7, they found street maps of Manila with routes plotting the papal motorcade, a rosary, a photograph of the pontiff, bibles, crucifixes, papal confessions, and priest clothing, including robes and collars. This collection of objects, and a phone message from a tailor reminding the occupant that "the cassock was ready to be tried on", along with the fact of the Pope's impending visit, was enough for Police Major Francisco F. Bautista to infer that an assassination plot had been interrupted. A search warrant was granted by 4:00a.m. on January 7.

More chemicals, such as gallons of sulfuric acid, picric acid, nitric acid, glycerin, acetone, sodium chlorate, nitrobenzoyl, ammonia, silver nitrate, methanamine, and ANFO were found. Several cans of gasoline and two large Welch's grape juice bottles containing nitroglycerin were found. Equipment such as thermometers, graduated cylinders, large cooking kettles, funnels, fuses, filters, soldering irons, beakers, mortars, pestles, different electronic fusing systems, timers, switches, and circuit breakers were found. Also discovered in the search was a finished remote-controlled brass pipe bomb, as well as another pipe bomb that was about to be packed. The apartment also contained a chemistry textbook and chemical dictionary, a Time magazine with the cover story on international terrorism,  as well as a pharmacy receipt and bottle of contact lens solution. In a cupboard under the sink, a finished time bomb and other Casio watches were found.

The most conclusive piece of evidence found was a manual written in Arabic on how to build a liquid bomb.

Stacks of 12 false passports, including Norwegian, Afghan, Saudi, and Pakistani were also found in the apartment. Investigators found a business card from Mohammed Jamal Khalifa; Saeed apparently possessed five telephone numbers from Khalifa. Investigators also found phone numbers for Rose Masquera, Mohammed's girlfriend.

Yousef's computer
Yousef's project was discovered on four floppy disks and an off-white Toshiba laptop inside his apartment, two weeks before the plot would have been implemented. Several encrypted files on the hard drive contained flight schedules, calculations of detonation times, and other items. The first string of text in one of the files states, "All people who support the U.S. government are our targets in our future plans and that is because all those people are responsible for their government's actions and they support the U.S. foreign policy and are satisfied with it. We will hit all U.S. nuclear targets. If the U.S. government keeps supporting Israel, then we will continue to carry out operations inside and outside the United States to include ..." which is where the text ended.

A file named "Bojinka" lists the 11 flights between Asia and the United States, which were grouped under five codenames. Strings were found, such as " " (for United flight 80), and " " (for Northwest Flight 30).

The laptop had names of dozens of associates, including some photographs of a few of them and including contact information for Mohammed Jamal Khalifa. They contained records of information about five-star hotels, dealings with a London trading corporation, a meat market owner in Malaysia, and an Islamic center in Tucson, Arizona. Information about how money moved through an Abu Dhabi banking firm was found.

A communication signed "Khalid Shaikh + Bojinka" was also found on Yousef's computer that threatened to attack targets "in response to the financial, political and military assistance given to the Jewish state in the occupied land of Palestine by the United States Government." The letter also said that the bombers claimed to have the "ability to make and use chemicals and poisonous gas ... for use against vital institutions and populations and the sources of drinking water."

The letter also threatened to assassinate Fidel V. Ramos, then-President of the Philippines, as well as attack aircraft if the United States did not meet the group's demands. The letter said that the group claiming responsibility was the "Fifth Division of the Liberation Army".

The evidence found at the Doña Josefa filled three police vans.

Murad's confession
Sometime after police arrested Saeed, he had called Ramzi Yousef's cellular phone.

Saeed turned out to be Abdul Hakim Murad, who was sent to the apartment to retrieve the computer after the fire. Murad was sent to Camp Crame, the headquarters of the Philippine National Police. Murad at first taunted investigators. For 67 days, he endured "tactical interrogation" by Filipino investigators.

According to journalists Marites Dañguilan Vitug and Glenda M. Gloria, authors of the book Under the Crescent Moon: Rebellion in Mindanao, agents hit Murad with a chair and club of wood when he did not talk. They forced water into his mouth, and crushed out lit cigarettes on his genitals. Murad's ribs were completely cracked. Agents were surprised that he survived. According to an investigator, he finally confessed out of fear of Jews after an agent masquerading as a member of the Mossad told him that he was being sent to Israel.

Murad admitted in his interrogations, "This is my — the best thing. I enjoy it", and "because the United States is the first country in this world making trouble for us, for Muslims and for our people."

He talked about the bombs. "Nobody [would] think that it's [an] explosive", he said, referring to the watches Ramzi Yousef planned to put on the airliners. He said that the nitroglycerin "which even if you'll put in the X-ray, you will never, nobody can" detect it.

Murad confessed that he was on a quest to be a martyr. He confessed to being the hijacker as part of Phase II of his plan. Murad was extradited to the United States on April 12, 1995. His testimony helped convict Yousef.

Manhunt

Wali Khan Amin Shah was arrested at an apartment complex on January 11 after police saw that a pager called by Yousef was registered in the name of Shah's girlfriend. Shah escaped from custody about 77 hours later. Shah was found to be a conspirator after authorities saw photos of him scanned on the laptop that contained information about the plot, as well as cell phone numbers that led investigators to the apartment. Yousef and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed were able to escape from the Philippines to Pakistan. On January 31, 1995, Yousef flew from Pakistan to Thailand in an attempt to place suitcase bombs on a Delta Airlines and United Airlines aircraft. When that failed, he flew back to Pakistan.

After receiving Murad's phone call, Yousef made plans to leave and flew to Singapore about five hours after Murad's arrest. One day after Bojinka was discovered, Yousef made his way to Pakistan. Mohammed went to Pakistan days or weeks afterwards.

The Philippines forwarded details on the Bojinka plot to the United States in April 1995. Konsojaya was heard via wiretaps to be frequently in contact with Mohammed Jamal Khalifa's charitable organization until the plot was discovered.

Yousef was arrested in the Su-Casa guest house in Islamabad, Pakistan on February 7, 1995, after a 23-day manhunt. Yousef later boasted to Secret Service agent Brian Parr about his plan. Wali Khan Amin Shah, the financier, was picked up in Malaysia in December 1995. His identity was revealed after he was fingerprinted. Shah was also extradited to the United States.

All three conspirators received life sentences for participating in the plot. Yousef also received a 240 year sentence along with his life sentence for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Yousef was sentenced on January 8, 1998, and Murad was sentenced on May 16, 1998. Shah has been cooperating with the government since August 1998.

Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, a Saudi businessman from Jeddah who was married to one of Osama bin Laden's sisters, was in the Philippines earlier in 1994. He was arrested in 1994 in Mountain View, California, for conspiring in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. He was financing the Bojinka plot, according to the content that the Filipino investigators forwarded to the United States. The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service deported Khalifa to Jordan in May 1995. He was acquitted by the Jordanian court and moved to Saudi Arabia. He was murdered in his hotel room in January 2007 in Madagascar.

Aftermath

U.S. investigators did not find the connection with Khalid Sheikh Mohammed to al-Qaeda until several years later.

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed decided that explosives were too risky to use in his next plot, and chose instead to use airplanes. The plot was later revised and executed during the September 11 attacks. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was arrested in Rawalpindi, Pakistan in 2003.

Yousef filed a motion for a new trial in 2001. The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit heard the case on May 3, 2002, and announced on April 3, 2003 the decision that Yousef and his partners were to remain incarcerated.

Bojinka was included in a number of 9/11 documentaries and mini-series, including The Path to 9/11, and The Secret History of 9/11.

General and cited references

 * Piszkiewicz, Dennis. Terrorism's War with America: A History. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0-275-97952-0, ISBN 978-0-275-97952-2.
 * (1998) 'Proud terrorist' gets life for Trade Center bombing CNN
 * Hirschkorn, Phil (2001). Convicted bomb conspirator linked to plots, CNN
 * Bokhari, Farhan, Victoria Burnett, Charles Clover, Mark Huband and Roel Landingin (2003).
 * Suicide-pilot plan uncovered six years ago in Philippines, AP and Reuters

title: Bojinka plot


text:
Talk:Jidai Matsuri

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 August 2019 and 15 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Frankiecc.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:15, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

this is a copyvio
from but i don't have time atm. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Morwen (talk • contribs).

 * fixed. -- Tlotoxl 08:47, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * old version is still in the history though... argh. Morwen 08:55, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Photos
I went today to this festival. I shall return and upload some photos. --Do Not Talk About Feitclub (contributions) 11:35, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I went too, and upload the photos to commons:category:Jidai Matsuri.--Cookie4869 01:31, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no account for the english wikipedia, but put a lot of photos here: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:Jidai-Matsuri 178.26.89.214 (talk) 14:03, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
 * OK, well I put one here. Is that cool or should I use one of yours? --Do Not Talk About Feitclub (contributions) 12:30, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Can I put a gallery? (Picture tutorial - Photo gallery)--Cookie4869 07:35, 26 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Some articles have galleries. See, for example, Nikko, Tochigi. Try it and see if you like it. If the articles are on Commons, you can put a gallery there, and link from this article. Fg2 08:01, 26 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I put it.--12:22, 28 October 2005 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cookie4869 (talk • contribs).

hi hardgay is here!

hardgay
hardgay is cool —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.87.3.48 (talk) 05:14, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jidai Matsuri


text:
Talk:Local churches (affiliation)

Naming Discussion
Two recent edits moved this page from "Local churches (affiliation)" to "The local churches (affiliation)" and then to "The Local Church (affiliation)". As is evident on this talk page, there has been ongoing discussion related to the appropriate name for this article, and consensus has formed around the previous formulation. WP:TITLECHANGES certainly applies here - I'll outline my reasoning for reverting the changes, and would be happy to discuss whether there's a more appropriate way to name the article, but articles with a history of debate shouldn’t be lightly moved.

Important note on the sources linked on this and related pages: there is no source for an official organization called "Local Church" or "Local Churches", and there is no source referencing an individual congregation called "Local Church", rather congregations that use the formulation “the church in ” to describe themselves, as in: http://www.churchinanaheim.org. As is also evident from this talk page, there are difficulties presented in describing and classifying these congregations, for reasons outside the scope of this discussion, and so the consensus has been to follow multiple sources that refer to lowercase “local churches”, usually with some other qualifiers, which is represented in the previous title of this article: “Local churches (affiliation)”, which should properly disambiguate from the general concept of a local church which has many context-dependent meanings. There are, however, various (usually older) sources that use the capitalized “Local Church” or “Local Churches” to refer to affiliated congregations.

The edit refers to one such older source (https://www.britannica.com/topic/the-Local-Church) which clearly and consistently uses “Local Church”. It’s worth noting that the last reference used by Britannica is from 1981. However, the second source (https://www.localchurches.org/beliefs/), a contemporary site, conspicuously uses lowercase throughout, only capitalizing the words as part of a book title. Clearly, it’s not an open-and-shut case of a commonly accepted name.

MOS:CAPS makes it clear that capitalized terms should be "consistently capitalized in a substantial majority of independent, reliable sources”. While Britannica is consistent, there are many newer independent sources linked on this and Local_Church_controversies that use lowercase in referring to the affiliated congregations.
 * https://www.lctestimony.org/FullerStatement.pdf (2006)
 * www.equip.org/localchurch/ (2009)
 * https://www.lctestimony.org/AnswersInActionStatement.html (2007)

MOS:ISMCAPS clarifies that “names of organized religions (as well as officially recognized sects), whether as a noun or an adjective, and their adherents start with a capital letter. Unofficial movements, ideologies or philosophies within religions are generally not capitalized unless derived from a proper name.” While a case could be made that this article refers to a sect, a clear and lasting consensus has developed around “Local churches (affiliation)” as an unofficial movement after extensive debate. Happy to hear your thoughts! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bfih24 (talk • contribs) 21:27, 15 January 2022 (UTC)
 * https://www.localchurches.org/beliefs/ does not looks like an official website for this denomination. I do not think I should have used the capitalisation found there, but I do not think having a redirect The local churches (affiliation) is a bad thing.
 * The Encyclopedia Britannica which can be found online at britannica.com is often updated. Veverve (talk) 21:40, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

 * The main point I'm making is that the page shouldn't be moved without discussion since it's been controversial in the past. I've requested technical help to revert the move since there are now various redirects blocking the reversion, and I'd be happy to continue the discussion on whether a move should happen, but there is a significant amount of context here to be aware of. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bfih24 (talk • contribs) 23:02, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

"Ground of oneness" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Ground of oneness and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 January 15 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Veverve (talk) 22:07, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 16 January 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. There's a strong consensus here that the undiscussed move should be reverted for now. Some editors are open to a follow-up RM to consider whether "The Local Church" is preferable, although others are satisfied with the "local churches" title. (closed by non-admin page mover) Extraordinary Writ (talk) 04:19, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

The Local Church (affiliation) → Local churches (affiliation) – The title of this page has been discussed at length, and a consensus developed around the title "Local churches (affiliation). The last move was made without discussion, but I'm unable to revert because the past page is now a redirect. Bfih24 (talk) 22:55, 15 January 2022 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Warm Regards, ZI Jony  (Talk) 10:17, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose: the current name is sourced by the most recent version of the Encyclopedia Britannica. No one has opposed the renaming but you, and you opposed not on the ground you disagree, but on the ground people in the 2010s disagreed. Veverve (talk) 13:39, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support. Should have been accepted as a technical request to undo a recent undiscussed move. The RM should be for the current title not the longstanding one. Srnec (talk) 17:04, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support: Moving a page should be done carefully and discussed first. Proof that the "The Local Church" moniker is not widely used is seen even in the references used in the article. The very first reference, Olson's Handbook, uses lower case, as does Pitts in the congressional record, as does Hanegraaff in his research journal, as does Fuller Theological Seminary in their statement. Even the reference (https://www.localchurches.org/beliefs/) that the editor who initiated the move cites to justify the change uses "the local churches" lowercase so I'm unclear as to why the change is being insisted on. Finally, none of the primary sources referenced use capitalization indicating that this group does not even refer to itself as "The Local Church." Therefore, insisting on this moniker only leads to confusion. That one online encyclopedia entry uses capitalization should not override all the article's references which do otherwise. This matter was discussed previously and a resolution was reached involving the use of the word 'affiliation.' I suggest we not retread this ground. -Abishai 300 (talk) 22:38, 20 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Correction: Olson does use capitalization in the first paragraph before reverting to 'local churches,' but his rendering is "The Local Churches" plural, a far more common designation, also making the point that the group was formed 'without a specific name' (p. 328). This fact is corroborated by the primary sources and the majority of the secondary sources used according to my survey. This indicates that "The Local Church" designation is not claimed by those within the group or widely used by those without. -Abishai 300 (talk) 20:35, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support: The move to The Local Church (affiliation) was not discussed. WP:RM#CM says that the discussion process is used if "there has been any past debate about the best title for the page". As Veverve acknowledged, article name was discussed due to disagreement back in 2010. The present renaming should not have happened without a new discussion. Therefore, the present renaming should be promptly reverted, and a new discussion should take place with regards to Veverve's proposed renaming.  JarOfGems  (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 16:18, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support: This move was a bit odd in that it seems that the move was not at all discussed with any others from the community and seems to have been done unilaterally without referring to previous discussions or general guidance regarding this very same topic and was based on one single source while ignoring numerous other solidly based sources some of which are in body of the article itself. I assume the editor who completed the move was doing this on good faith but the concerns and evidence brought forth by the other editors above is but a portion of the otherwise clear and adequate amount of information available to support the reversion of this article back to its condition prior to the major change completed by Veverve. I too support the prompt return of this page back to its previous condition. — Σosthenes 12  Talk  20:58, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

"Difang Jiaohui" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Difang Jiaohui and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 January 24 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Veverve (talk) 20:10, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

"Difang jiaohui" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Difang jiaohui and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 January 24 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Veverve (talk) 20:10, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose: Why are there two of these threads? Please delete one. Only a Mandarin speaker would know the term "Difang jiaohui." This is an article for English speakers. I propose "Difang jiaohui" point to what is currently the Chinese language equivalent of this article. -Abishai 300 (talk) 22:46, 2 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Why are there two of these threads? Based on your edit summary No discussion about redirect yet, you may not have noticed this part of the above message: This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 January 24. If you follow that link, you will see it is indeed a single thread discussing both the normal-case and title-case redirects. You could ask the closing admin to reopen and relist the discussion if you have a policy/guidelines-based argument that you feel was not adequately covered in the discussion, but ...
 * I propose "Difang jiaohui" point to what is currently the Chinese language equivalent of this article. Per WP:SOFTREDIRECT, Soft redirects to non-English language editions of Wikipedia should be avoided because they are generally unhelpful to English-language readers.
 * This is an article for English speakers. See WP:RLOTE for general discussion of when foreign-language redirects should be created. Note in general Category:Redirects_from_non-English-language_terms. The fact that English Wikipedia is aimed at "English speakers" does not necessarily mean it is aimed at monolingual English speakers. English Wikipedia editors create foreign-language redirects and add foreign-language name infoboxes on articles about topics which are primarily associated with non-English speaking countries, because those kinds of topics often have (1) high-quality sources in that other language, and (2) multiple possible translations of their name into English; having the foreign name infobox helps bilingual readers who may have read about that topic in the other language confirm that they have arrived at the right article, and helps bilingual editors find sources which can be used to expand the article. Note in particular that such redirects don't necessarily have to be the "official" name of the topic, merely names whic hare frequently used in sources in the other language. 61.239.39.90 (talk) 23:08, 2 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I was not clear. When I mentioned the redirect, I meant there has been no discussion, that I can see, of the term "Difang jiaohui" and its connection to the topic in question on this talk page. I am aware of the discussion of the whether or not to cause the redirect to point to this article but not that separate threads for normal-case and title-case are automatically generated.
 * I do not know if discussion should be reopened; I do see some problems. The Chinese name of a denomination which was started in China clearly meets point #1 of WP:RFOREIGN Original or official names of people, places, institutions... directly contradicts the introductory paragraph: 'The local churches do not take a name, but some outsiders referred to the group as the "Little Flock..."'3 As mentioned in Talk:Local_churches_(affiliation), it also contradicts the first reference which says that the group was formed 'without a specific name.'1 According to the article and its references, it is a historical fact that no original or official name exists for this group. Moreover, English Wikipedia editors create foreign-language redirects and add foreign-language name infoboxes on articles about topics which are primarily associated with non-English speaking countries... seems to err as the article, excepting the "History" section, discusses the group from a wholistic/international perspective. That its origins trace to China does not indicate to me that the article is primarily associated with China anymore than the Lutheranism article is primarily associated with Germany. Also, the sources are, without exception as far as I can tell, all in English so ...(1) high-quality sources in that other language... does not apply. I propose we disregard the info box suggestion and perhaps further consider the suitability of the redirect itself. -Abishai 300 (talk) 23:00, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Local churches (affiliation)


text:
CKVR-DT

CKVR-DT (channel 3) is a television station in Barrie, Ontario, Canada, serving as the flagship station of the CTV 2 system. It is owned and operated by Bell Media alongside Toronto-based CTV flagship CFTO-DT, channel 9 (although the two stations maintain separate operations); it is also sister to 24-hour regional news channel CP24. CKVR-DT's studios and transmitter are co-located at 33 Beacon Road in Barrie.

Early history
The station first signed on the air on September 28, 1955; it was founded by Ralph Snelgrove, whose first initial and that of his wife, Valerie, form part of the station's callsign. It originally operated as a privately owned affiliate of CBC Television. In 1969, the station was purchased by CHUM Limited, becoming one of the first television stations owned by the company.

On September 7, 1977, a private aircraft, owned by Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd., dropped altitude to 500 ft in dense fog and struck CKVR's 1000 ft transmitter tower, killing all five people aboard the plane and destroying the tower and antenna. The station's 225 ft auxiliary tower was also destroyed and there was some damage to the main studio building. The tower also supported the antennae for CHAY-FM (93.1 FM) and a rebroadcaster (on UHF channel 55) of Radio-Canada station CBLFT (channel 25) in Toronto, the studio/transmitter link of CKBB (950 AM, now on 101.1 FM), as well as paging and other communications systems. The CKVR antenna was an RCA six-bay turnstile. On the following morning, the CBC secured the use of a 400 ft tower for CKVR. The first sections of the new temporary tower were lifted into place on September 10. On September 19, CKVR's antenna was hoisted into place on the new tower, along with those for CBLFT and CHAY-FM, with the transmission line also being put in place. After work on the tower was completed, tests were made to the transmitter's signal. At 8:35 p.m. that evening, the transmitter was turned on with a colour bar test pattern being broadcast. At 8:55 p.m., CKVR vice president and general manager Jack Mattenley went on the air in a live broadcast with a message of sympathy and words of gratitude to viewers. CKVR returned to the air at a reduced power of 40,000 watts until a new 1000 ft tower was built in 1978.

1985 Barrie tornado
On May 31, 1985, an F4 tornado, one of the most powerful and devastating tornadoes in Canadian history, struck Barrie, just a short distance from CKVR's studio facility and transmitter tower (the twister was among several other ones that were spawned during a massive tornado outbreak that affected parts of Eastern Canada and the Eastern United States), killing 12 people, injuring 600 people and destroying many homes and businesses in Barrie. CKVR broadcast extensive coverage of the storm's aftermath for several days, and spent that summer helping the people of Barrie recover and rebuild. The station also held a day-long telethon in June of that year to raise funds for the tornado victims.

Programming changes
Once the CN Tower in Toronto was completed in 1976, atop which CBC flagship CBLT (channel 5) transmits from, the signal coverage areas of CKVR and CBLT overlapped considerably. CKVR management began to consider a different course for the station that took several years to become realized. By the late 1980s, programming outside of CBC and local news was mostly classic reruns such as I Love Lucy, Star Trek, The Addams Family and others, to the point where the station was often branded as CKVR Classic Television. Thanks to the acquisition of Toronto's CITY-TV by CHUM in 1979, CKVR was (technically) part of a twinstick, and Citytv programming began to air in limited timeslots.

Disaffiliation from CBC and conversion into The New VR
Eventually, the station's financial situation became untenable; then-general manager Doug Garraway explained in a presentation to the CRTC in spring 1994, "the CBC no longer wants us, in point of fact we can no longer afford to remain affiliated with them." CKVR was expected to have lost $5 million by the end of 1995. As a result, the station made the decision to drop CBC programming and go in a new direction.

On September 1, 1995, CKVR ended its affiliation with the CBC and converted into an independent station as "The New VR", and began targeting its programming towards younger viewers. As part of the relaunch, newscasts were overhauled to be similar in format to Toronto sister station CITY-TV, classic shows were dropped in favour of newer programs (including, among others, the syndicated Action Pack block, the short-lived newsmagazine Day and Date, and encore presentations of Citytv's original productions, like CityLine and MovieTelevision; cross-promotion between both stations also commenced), and the station became an official broadcaster of the Toronto Raptors NBA franchise (sharing coverage with Citytv). Over $1 million was invested into new equipment for the station.

The new direction was successful—as CHUM Limited began replicating CKVR's format on its other stations, including several that it had acquired from Baton Broadcasting in 1997 (including CHRO-TV in Pembroke, CHWI-TV in Wheatley, CFPL-TV in London and CKNX-TV in Wingham), which formed the basis for a television system originally known as NewNet. At various times during the late 1990s and early 2000s, CKVR also broadcast mid-week games from the Raptors, as well as games from the NHL's Toronto Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs and Raptors games were carried on all of NewNet's stations across Ontario with the exception of CHRO-TV, which did not carry Maple Leafs games due to the fact that CHRO is in the home market of the Ottawa Senators. CKVR also broadcast WWF Monday Night Raw for a time in the late 1990s as well.

In the early 2000s, plans were being created for CKVR to move from their original facility to a new, state-of-the-art broadcast centre in Barrie's historic Allandale Station, much as other CHUM properties had street-side studios located in city centres. CHUM purchased the 6.9 acre of land, including the station buildings, for C$1,050,000 in 2000. CHUM planned to restore the Allandale Station building as part of their plan, but changed their plan in 2004. In 2007, CHUM agreed to sell the property to the City for the same amount CHUM originally paid. CHUM received a Charitable Donation tax receipt reflecting the increased value of the property since 2000 largely due to the restoration and site works completed by CHUM.

In February 2005, CHUM announced plans to consolidate the master control departments for CKVR, CFPL, CHRO, CHWI and CKNX at 299 Queen Street West in Toronto (which housed most of CHUM's television services including MuchMusic and CP24 and had also housed the operations for Toronto television station, CITY-TV at the time), and to consolidate the traffic and programming departments of the other stations at CFPL's facilities in London, resulting in the loss of approximately nine staff members from CKVR. Those operations were migrated to the Toronto facilities on June 3, 2005.

Rebranding as A-Channel Barrie and sale to CTV
After CHUM's acquisition of Craig Media, its A-Channel stations in Western Canada were converted to owned-and-operated stations of the Citytv system on August 2, 2005. On the same day, the previous brand was transferred to the NewNet stations, resulting in CKVR rebranding under the A-Channel name.

On July 12, 2006, CTV owner Bell Globemedia (the latter which renamed it to CTVglobemedia in January 2007) announced plans to purchase CHUM Limited for C$1.7 billion, with plans to divest itself of the A-Channel stations and the Access Alberta educational-commercial stations and cable channel. On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Rogers Communications would acquire the A-Channel network of stations (including CKVR), along with several other CHUM's speciality channels from CTVglobemedia as part of its pending take over CHUM Limited. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) said it would only approve CTVglobemedia's purchase of CHUM if it sold off the latter company's Citytv stations instead, while being permitted to keep the A-Channel stations (including CKVR). CTVglobemedia took control of the A-Channel stations and the rest of CHUM Limited's assets (excluding the Citytv network of stations, which were sold to Rogers Communications) on June 22, 2007. Richard Gray was named head of news for the A-Channel stations and CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba (another station that was included in the CHUM acquisition). Gray reported directly to the CTVgm corporate group instead of CTV News to preserve autonomy in news presentation and management. Gray began to oversee CKVR and the other news departments; CHRO, CFPL, CKX-TV, CKNX-TV, CHWI and CIVI in Victoria, British Columbia. On August 11, 2008, the A-Channel system (and the Atlantic Satellite Network, an independent cable channel in Atlantic Canada which Baton/CTV had acquired from CHUM in 1997) were rebranded as "A".

Sale to Bell and rebranding as CTV Two Barrie
On September 10, 2010, Bell Canada announced plans to re-acquire 100% of CTVglobemedia, a deal which was approved by the CRTC on March 7, 2011; the deal was finalized on April 1, 2011, with CTVglobemedia being absorbed into Bell Media.

On May 30, 2011, Bell Media announced that the A system would be relaunched as CTV Two effective on August 29, 2011. Along with the relaunch came the rebranding of CKVR's newscasts as CTV News (a brand that was already used for the newscasts on CTV's owned-and-operated stations, including network flagship CFTO in nearby Toronto), and the implementation of an anchor desk for its newscasts as well as the addition of a high definition feed on its new digital signal.

News operation
CKVR-DT presently broadcasts $9 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with one hour-long show each weekday at 6 p.m., and half-hour shows at 11 p.m. on weekdays, and at 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the lowest local newscast output out of any English-language television station in the Toronto market as a whole (of the English stations serving the immediate Toronto area, CBC O&O CBLT-DT produces the lowest newscast output with 11 hours each week). In addition to CKVR's news centre in Barrie, CKVR-DT also operates news bureaus in Collingwood and Muskoka. The station's newscasts are branded CTV News Barrie in line with other CTV and CTV 2 owned-and-operated stations which also use similar branding. The station currently produces a one-hour local news programs weeknights at 6 p.m., and half-hour programs nightly at 11 p.m., and on weekends at 6 p.m.

During the station's CBC years, their newscasts were branded as CKVR Total News and featured a conventional newscast format. One young reporter, Kevin Frankish, reported for the station on the 1985 tornado, and eventually was promoted to CITY-TV's news operation.

When the station was relaunched in 1995, their newscast underwent a similar overhaul. The station's news now took after CITY-TV's groundbreaking CityPulse, including an open newsroom set where anchors and reporters stood up to present the news. The focus of the newscast was also broadened to include more of the communities around Barrie, resulting in the newscast being dubbed VRLand News, "VRLand" being an all-encompassing term for the station's coverage area. By 1999, the newscast had been renamed to simply VR News.

During the station's latter years under CHUM ownership, CKVR simulcast the flagship Toronto edition of CITY-TV's morning program Breakfast Television, with local news inserts incorporated that focused on stories within the Barrie area. In 2008, CKVR debuted a three-hour weekday morning news program titled A Morning, which was anchored by K.C. Colby (now weather specialist for the station's weekday evening newscasts) and Jennifer Buchanan.

Due to financial difficulties, CTVglobemedia cancelled A Morning, and the public affairs programs A News This Week (a pre-recorded wrap of the week's top stories, which debuted in the 1990s) and Ontario News This Week (a review of the week's top stories across the province, which also debuted in 2008) on March 4, 2009, laying off 24 employees at the station as part of a larger series of cutbacks and massive layoffs which resulted in the losses of 118 jobs at A's stations across Canada. The morning program was replaced by rebroadcasts of CKVR's 11 p.m. newscast.

Evening co-anchor Lance Chilton resigned from the station on June 14, 2010, to work in the real estate industry. In August 2010, Tony Grace, who had served as anchor and national reporter for Ottawa sister station CHRO, was named the new Senior News Anchor for CKVR effective September 20, 2010.

In September and October 2015, the station celebrated its 60th anniversary with a special five part news series of in-depth feature reports on the station's history. The week culminated with a live broadcast of CTV News at 6 on October 2, 2015, from the Barrie waterfront, featuring staff and on-air personalities past and present. The anniversary series examining the station's history was also rebroadcast as a half-hour special hosted by Tony Grace on December 28, 2015.

Analogue-to-digital conversion
CKVR shut down its analogue signal, over VHF channel 3, on August 31, 2011, the official date on which Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts. The station flash cut its digital signal into operation, broadcasting on channel 10, using virtual channel 3.

Transmitters
The current CKVR Television Tower is a 304.8 m high guyed mast for FM and television signal transmission located at 44.35°N, -79.69722°W in Barrie. It was built in 1978, after a light plane crashed into the smaller incarnation of the tower the previous year.

CKVR previously operated low-power rebroadcast transmitters in the communities of Parry Sound, Huntsville and Haliburton, respectively on VHF channels 11, 8 and 5. The Parry Sound transmitter moved to VHF channel 12 in the mid-1970s before Kitchener CTV station CKCO-TV (channel 13) opened a rebroadcast transmitter in Huntsville on channel 11. The Haliburton transmitter was located very close to another CBC affiliate transmitter, CHEX-TV in Peterborough, located at Minden and broadcasting on channel 7. The channel 5 transmitter was shut down when Toronto's CBLT moved from channel 6 to channel 5, and became largely redundant as a result of CKVR's increased transmission tower height in the early 1970s. The Huntsville transmitter increased to full power in 1991 to better cover much of Muskoka and Haliburton County; it was bought by the CBC in 1995 as part of CKVR's disaffiliation from the CBC, and became a rebroadcaster of CBLT (remaining in operation until CBC shut down its analogue rebroadcasters in July 2012). CKVR kept its Parry Sound transmitter, and CBC established CBLT transmitters in Barrie and Parry Sound at that time, on channels 16 and 18, respectively.

On May 30, 2011, Bell Media announced plans to add a rebroadcast transmitter in Southern Ontario in 2012, to allow new advertising opportunities in the Toronto–Hamilton market. An application was filed with the CRTC and Industry Canada on June 17, 2011, to allow for a digital repeater (CKVP-DT) on UHF channel 42 in Fonthill, serving Niagara Falls, Fort Erie and St. Catharines, and a repeater (CHCJ-DT) on UHF channel 35 on CHCH-DT's tower, serving Hamilton, Oakville, Haldimand County, Caledonia, Brantford, Milton and Cambridge. This application was approved on January 26, 2012. On May 17, 2012, Bell Media had announced to the CRTC that it was unable to negotiate a lease with Channel Zero, owners of CHCH (and its broadcast tower). It requested and received permission to test its signal on one of its own towers, the Bell microwave tower located on Upper Wentworth Street at Fennell Avenue, for a period of one year. In addition to this technical amendment, the station's Hamilton transmitter is to be fed by fibre optic connection, instead of being satellite-fed, rendering it less susceptible to interference during thunderstorms. On July 8, 2013, Bell Media applied for a substantial increase in power for CHCJ-DT, from 5 kW to 150 kW average (390 kW maximum) with a slight decrease in height to 110.0 meters. This was approved on January 15, 2014, despite an objection from Rogers Media, with the addition of the site on Upper Wentworth Street as its permanent transmitter site (to compensate for the loss of CHCH-DT's tower space).

On February 11, 2016, Bell Media applied for its regular license renewals, which included applications to delete a long list of transmitters, including CKVR-TV-1. Bell Media's rationale for deleting these analog repeaters is below:

"We are electing to delete these analog transmitters from the main licence with which they are associated. These analog transmitters generate no incremental revenue, attract little to no viewership given the growth of BDU or DTH subscriptions and are costly to maintain, repair or replace. In addition, none of the highlighted transmitters offer any programming that differs from the main channels. The Commission has determined that broadcasters may elect to shut down transmitters but will lose certain regulatory privileges (distribution on the basic service, the ability to request simultaneous substitution) as noted in Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015–24, Over-the-air transmission of television signals and local programming. We are fully aware of the loss of these regulatory privileges as a result of any transmitter shutdown."

At the same time, Bell Media applied to convert the licenses of CTV Two Atlantic (formerly ASN) and CTV Two Alberta (formerly ACCESS) from satellite-to-cable undertakings into television stations without transmitters (similar to cable-only network affiliates in the United States), and to reduce the level of educational content on CTV Two Alberta.

title: CKVR-DT


text:
CFPL-DT

CFPL-DT (channel 10) is a television station in London, Ontario, Canada, part of the CTV 2 system. It is owned and operated by Bell Media alongside Kitchener-based CTV station CKCO-DT (channel 13), although the two stations maintain separate operations. CFPL-DT's studios and local transmitter are located on Communications Road on the southwestern side of London, and its Wingham-area rebroadcast transmitter is located on Tower Road in South Bruce.

History
CFPL was founded by Walter J. Blackburn, who also owned London's major newspaper, the London Free Press, as well as radio station CFPL on both the AM and FM bands. The television station first came on the air on November 28, 1953, with four hours of programming per day. That night, there was a major fire in London, on which CFPL's news program was able to report almost immediately during its first news hour. The station's transmitter was originally located atop the 500 ft CFPL Television Tower, which was completed that year.

CFPL was the second privately owned station in Canada (CKSO-TV in Sudbury, now CICI-TV, was the first). Its news program was the first to be scheduled at 6 p.m., during "the supper hour", which set the standard for other stations in Canada. In 1973, the station expanded its supper-hour news to a full hour. CFPL also later became one of the first in Canada to broadcast in colour. From the day it began broadcasting, CFPL was affiliated with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1961, CFPL-TV began transmitting its signal from a 314 m tall guyed tower located in London, which is one of the oldest supertall television towers in Canada. In 1963, it became the CBC affiliate for Kitchener as well after CKCO-TV switched to CTV.

CFPL was the CBC's largest private affiliate, but wanted to produce and broadcast more local programming. This caused its relations with the CBC to worsen over the years. CBC required affiliates like CFPL to carry a minimum amount of its schedule, and, according to station management, CBC programming was less lucrative by that time. Nonetheless, CFPL was a very successful station, and posted good profits. It finally disaffiliated with CBC and went independent on September 4, 1988. CFPL's slogan following disaffiliation was "The fun is here!", but the slogan did not last. With no CBC programming, such as The National and Hockey Night in Canada to attract viewers, ratings plummeted and so did revenues. By the end of 1989, the station was almost bankrupt, but tried to hang on as an independent station for another few years, even though its programming schedule did not have much beyond news to attract viewership.

In 1992, amid poor ratings and low revenues, the station was sold to Baton Broadcasting. In 1994, the various Baton stations, including CFPL, merged to form first "Ontario Network Television", then renamed Baton Broadcast System. Baton greatly increased CFPL's news department, hiring dozens of people and rebranding the newscast as News Now. While Baton focused much of energy on news programming, it cut much non-news local programming from many stations, including CFPL. The long-time lifestyles program One O'Clock Live was cancelled in early 1997, for example.

As The New PL
In 1997, Baton sold CFPL and some of its other television stations to CHUM Limited. Under CHUM, CFPL joined the NewNet system and was accordingly rebranded "The New PL" on September 7, 1998. This was not done without controversy. In April that year, CHUM fired news co-anchor Al McGregor, which generated harsh criticism of the station's new owners and its new format in style of Citytv's programming. News director George Clark replaced him as co-anchor for some time, but he left the station in early 2001. In October 2002, Kate Young moved on to a community relations position at the station, and reporter Kathy Mueller replaced her as anchor at 6 p.m. Dan MacLellan joined the station from A-Channel station CKEM-TV in Edmonton (now a Citytv owned-and-operated station) at that time, and became her co-anchor.

In February 2005, CHUM announced plans to consolidate the master control operations for CFPL, CKVR, CHRO, CHWI and CKNX at 299 Queen Street West in Toronto, and consolidating the traffic and programming departments at CFPL in London, resulting in the loss of approximately 13 staff members from CFPL. On June 3, 2005, at approximately 10 a.m., the London master control signal came to an end, as the new consolidated master control took to air.

As A-Channel London
On August 2, 2005, CFPL was rebranded as A-Channel as part of CHUM Limited's rebranding of the NewNet stations. While Craig Media's A-Channel stations merged into Citytv following CHUM's acquisition of Craig Media in 2004. NewsNow at Noon was cancelled one month earlier. On July 12, 2006, CTV owner CTVglobemedia announced plans to purchase A-Channel owner CHUM Limited for CA$1.7 billion, with plans to divest itself of the A-Channel stations and the Access Alberta cable channel.

On April 9, 2007, Omni Television owner Rogers Communications applied to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to purchase all of the A-Channel stations (including CFPL), CKX-TV and several cable channels being put up for sale in the wake of CTVglobemedia's pending acquisition of the CHUM group.

On June 8, 2007, the CRTC announced its approval of CTVglobemedia's purchase of CHUM Limited, but added a condition that CTVglobemedia must sell off CHUM's Citytv stations to another buyer while keeping the A-Channel stations (including CFPL), in effect cancelling the planned sale of A-Channel to Rogers Media.

On June 22, 2007, all of the CHUM Limited channels (with the exception of Citytv) were officially taken over by CTVglobemedia. On July 26, 2007, CTVglobemedia named Richard Gray the head of news for the A-Channel stations and CKX-TV.

As A London
On August 11, 2008, CFPL was rebranded as A as part of CTVglobemedia's rebranding of the A-Channel stations. A rebranding campaign began earlier in June 2008 with newscasts being referred to by the station's employees as A News. Following the closure of sister station, CKNX-TV in Wingham on August 31, 2009, that station became a repeater of CFPL.

On September 10, 2010, BCE announced plans to re-acquire 100% of CTVglobemedia's broadcasting arm, including CFPL (and the entire A television system). Under the deal, Woodbridge Company Limited, Torstar, and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan would together receive $1.3 billion in either cash or equity in BCE, while BCE will also assume $1.7 billion in debt (BCE's existing equity interest is $200 million, for a total transaction value of $3.2 billion). Woodbridge will also regain majority control of the Globe and Mail Inc., with Bell retaining a 15% interest. The deal was approved by the CRTC on March 7, 2011.

On April 1, 2011, Bell Canada finalized its purchase of the assets of CTVglobemedia it did not already own, with CFPL (along with the rest of the A system) officially becoming part of Bell Media.

As CTV Two/CTV 2 London
On May 30, 2011, Bell Media announced that the A television stations, including CFPL, would be rebranded as CTV Two on August 29, 2011. On that date, CFPL rebranded from "A London" to "CTV Two London". At the same time, A News London became CTV News London, also the station began carrying programming (excluding newscasts for the time being) in a high definition format.

On March 18, 2012, riots were started by students of Fanshawe College. A news van of CFPL-DT was set on fire.

On June 27, 2016, it was announced that Bell Media filed a proposal with the CRTC to shut down CKNX-TV, which is among 40 of its television transmitters (all rebroadcasters of other stations) slated for closure, due to maintenance costs, high cable and satellite viewership, and no generation of revenue.

This was part of Bell's regular periodic licence renewal process, which began on February 11, 2016. Bell Media's rationale for deleting these analogue repeaters is below:

"We are electing to delete these analog transmitters from the main licence with which they are associated. These analog transmitters generate no incremental revenue, attract little to no viewership given the growth of BDU or DTH subscriptions and are costly to maintain, repair or replace. In addition, none of the highlighted transmitters offer any programming that differs from the main channels. The Commission has determined that broadcasters may elect to shut down transmitters but will lose certain regulatory privileges (distribution on the basic service, the ability to request simultaneous substitution) as noted in Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015–24, Over-the-air transmission of television signals and local programming. We are fully aware of the loss of these regulatory privileges as a result of any transmitter shutdown."

At the same time, Bell Media applied to convert the licences of CTV 2 Atlantic (formerly ASN) and CTV 2 Alberta (formerly ACCESS) from satellite-to-cable undertakings into television stations without transmitters (similar to cable-only network affiliates in the United States), and to reduce the level of educational content on CTV2 Alberta.

Programs produced in the past

 * London Tigers baseball (1989–1993)
 * Reach for the Top
 * The Red Green Show (1993–1994, in association with YTV)
 * Take Your Choice (1960–1971)

News operation
CFPL-DT presently broadcasts ten hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with $1 1/2$ hours on weekdays and Sundays, and one hour on Saturdays). During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Ward Cornell anchored sports before moving on to Hockey Night in Canada. Prior to 1972, Hugh Bremner, anchor of Panorama Newsreel, became anchor of the new FYI. A half-hour summer replacement program at 5:30 p.m. (preceding the news) called Pie in Your FYI, a spoof of FYI was played one summer in the 1960s. It began with a CFPL personality being hit in the face with a pie, and featured skits and spoofs of advertising.

From 1972 to 1981, the flagship newscast, FYI was anchored by Jack Burghardt. During the 1980s, FYI was anchored first by Eric Sorensen (1981–1984), then Neil Stevens (a former weather anchor at CBET Windsor). In January 1985, CFPL hired its first female anchor, Kate Young, who co-anchored FYI with Stevens. Despite female news anchors becoming commonplace across Canada and the United States by the mid-1980s, this was a controversial move, and many London viewers were very upset by there being a female anchor. Young continued to anchor the 6 p.m. newscast for the next 17 years, and she became a well-known and respected face in the London community. Tragically, her co-anchor Stevens was killed in a car crash near Alvinston, Ontario, early on July 17, 1987. Al McGregor was appointed as Young's co-anchor in 1988, a post he held for the next 10 years. Throughout the 1980s, the sports anchor was Pete James (now with CJBK radio), and the weather forecaster was Jay Campbell.

During the station's ownership by Baton, the newscasts were retitled News Now, which carried over into the CHUM era. When CHUM took over, the previously standard news format gave way to one replicating that used by then-sister station Citytv and other NewNet stations, in which anchors read the news standing up from a large open newsroom referred to as the "news environment". Anchor Kathy Mueller resigned as of August 19, 2008, after a 13-year career at the station to pursue a new career with the Canadian Red Cross in Indonesia, assisting with relief efforts resulting from the 2004 tsunami disaster. Jay Campbell also retired as CFPL weather specialist on October 16, 2009, after a 28-year career at the station, and was replaced by 11 p.m. weeknight weather specialist, Julie Atchision on October 19, 2009. On September 8, 2010, Atchision left the station due to maternity leave and was replaced by Ross Hull, who was the weather specialist for the 6 and 11 p.m. weeknight newscasts until he left to work as a weather specialist for CTV station CKCO-TV in Kitchener. Hull is now a meteorologist with Global owned-and-operated station CIII-DT in Toronto.

On March 4, 2009, CFPL replaced A Morning with six back to back repeats of the previous night's 11 p.m. newscast as part of a larger series of cutbacks which axed 118 jobs at the A stations.

On December 24, 2011, CFPL's 6 p.m. main news anchor, Dan McLellan was arrested and was subsequently charged with several counts of assault, and as a result, he resigned from his duties at the station. Tara Overholt subsequently became the anchor of the 6 p.m. weekday newscasts.

Analogue-to-digital conversion
On August 31, 2011, when Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts, CFPL-TV flash cut its digital signal into operation on VHF channel 10.

title: CFPL-DT


text:
Glossary of Internet-related terms

This is a Glossary of Internet Terminology; words pertaining to Internet Technology, a subset of Computer Science.

A–M
ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a technology for transmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing phone lines to homes and businesses. ADSL is asymmetric in the sense that it uses most of the channel to transmit downstream to the user and only a small part to receive information from the user. This means, high download rates and slower upload rates. Generally if you see 2 Mb ADSL broadband, it refers to 2 Mbit/s Max d/load rate. The upload rate will probably be around 256 kbit/s Max. (ADSL has a maximum download rate of 8 Mbit/s, ADSL2 is capable of up to 16 Mbit/s and ADSL2+ is rated at 24 Mbit/s maximum.)

bandwidth (computing): Rate data transfers across a network

blogging: Writing on or otherwise using online journals known as web logs or blogs

cable modem: Primary competitor to ADSL, uses digital information transmitted over a cable television infrastructure.

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets; while HTML dictates the content of page, CSS regulates the format, including headers, footers, navigation bars, etc. While all of these elements can be created in HTML, such a method would have to be repeated on every web page. CSS on the other hand, is applied to all pages of a website.

cyberbully: A bully who harasses his or her victims online through various means such as spamming, defaming or negative impersonation of the victim.

dial up: A method of connection to the internet using existing copper phone lines using a modem on the client's end to send information at a slow speed, normally reaching maximum speed at about 56 kbit/s. This technology uses the voice spectrum of the telephone lines to transmit data using a system of sounds that only the receiving modem or ISP understand.

egosurfer: someone who searches the Internet for references of themselves

fail: The opposite of "win", "fail" expresses an ability to incorrectly perform acts ranging from idiotically simple to impossibly difficult, often consisting of an amusing element.

flamer: A flamer is someone who makes degrading or insulting remarks on a forum or other Internet message board, the verb of which is "flame".

friending: the act of making and adding friends online through social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace

FTP: Protocol to exchange files between two computers.

The Game: A popular mind game, often referred to on public message boards as a way to irritate other users.

Googling: searching through the Google search engine

griefer: A player of an online game who harasses other players.

HTML: HyperText Markup Language, the coding language used to create hypertext documents for the World Wide Web. In HTML, a block of text can be surrounded with tags that indicate how it should appear (for example, in bold face or italics). Also, in HTML a word, a block of text, or an image can be linked to another file on the Web. HTML files are viewed with a World Wide Web browser.

ID-10-T: clueless user; everybody giving a hard time to (computer) administrators

Jank: flickering in a user interface, due to the software generating the interface being unable to update quickly enough for the display's frame rate.

lag: perceived poor response times or sluggishness in a user interface, which may be due to programming defects, use of low-quality processes, executing long tasks. Often this slows down or affects user performed operations.

leet: Leet, or "1337", (from elite) is someone who is unnaturally adept at a certain trait or ability. Originally used as a slightly infra dig expression in the hacker community. Later usage centered around video games players.

Lurk: Used to describe visiting and spending time on forums and image boards viewing content but not posting. People engaged in this are called "lurkers".

N–Z
noob: A new or inexperienced person, someone who does not know the rules of a website, or has only recently joined. A wordplay on newbie.

phishing: The act of attempting to obtain private or sensitive information such as user names, passwords and credit card information through the use of fake emails from trustworthy sites.

PHP: PHP Hypertext Preprocessor, the coding language to create interactive web pages and so forth.

POP3: Protocol to retrieve email.

Redditor: A person who scours the Internet for media and posts the findings on the Reddit website. Once posted, other members can upvote or downvote the material based on their evaluation of it.

SMTP: Protocol to send email.

spamming: the act of sending unsolicited email or posting many useless messages in a forum website.

troll: someone who attempts to gain infamy in chat or on forums by use of but not limited to links to disturbing items, bashing (fighting, put down) with others, copying or mimicking other's real posts into perverted messages.

tweet: a small message sent by a user of the website Twitter.

unfriend: The act of removing someone from a list of friends on social networking profiles of Facebook, MySpace or Bebo. It is also the Oxford dictionary's 2009 Word of the Year.

win: Similar to "leet", "win" expresses an ability to perform an otherwise impossible act through pure luck or practice, or an object or statement that constitutes an amusing or amazing element.

YouTuber: a person who produces video content for the video-sharing site YouTube.

title: Glossary of Internet-related terms


text:
Luxair

Luxair, legally Luxair S.A., Société Luxembourgeoise de Navigation Aérienne, is a flag carrier of Luxembourg with its headquarters and hub at Luxembourg Airport. It operates scheduled services to destinations in Europe, North Africa, the Mediterranean and the Middle East with additional charter and seasonal services. It is Luxembourg's only passenger-carrying airline offering regular, non-charter service.

Early years
Luxair descended from Luxembourg Airlines, which was founded in 1948. Luxair was set up in 1961 to meet the growing demand for air links between Luxembourg and other European cities. In 1962, Luxembourg Airlines became Luxair and began flights by launching a Luxembourg–Paris route with a Fokker F27 Friendship. From 1964 to 1969, Luxair operated three Lockheed L-1649A Starliner aircraft in a cooperative agreement with Trek Airways, from Luxembourg to Johannesburg. The Starliners were painted in Luxair livery and were registered in Luxembourg. By 1967, Luxair's fleet consisted of three Fokker F27 Friendships and one Vickers Viscount. The latter was written off in a non-fatal accident in 1969 and replaced the following year by the airline's first jet airliner, a Sud Aviation Caravelle. By 1976, Luxair was operating a Boeing 707 with a Boeing 737-200 then joining the fleet in 1977.

Over the years, Luxair gradually introduced further jet aircraft: Boeing 737-400s and Boeing 737-500s; as well as Fokker 50 turboprops and Embraer ERJ-135 and ERJ-145 regional jets. In the 1980s, Boeing 747SPs owned by South African Trek Airways and operated by LUXAVIA were painted in Luxair colours, flying routes between South Africa and Europe, as well as holiday charters from Luxembourg. LUXAVIA was a joint venture between Trek Airways and Luxair, enabling Trek Airways to avoid the repercussions of widespread anti-Apartheid boycotts.

Development since the 2000s
In March 2003, Luxair ordered two new Boeing 737-700s to replace its older Boeing aircraft. The first of the new aircraft was delivered on 18 February 2004. A third aircraft was ordered in August 2003 and delivered in January 2005.On 21 December 2003, Luxair launched a new logo depicting a flying boomerang. The previous logo had been in use for 42 years. To move to an all-jet fleet, the last Fokker 50 aircraft was withdrawn from service in April 2005. The rising cost of oil made operating regional jets increasingly difficult. To lessen its exposure, Luxair decided to reintroduce turboprop aircraft, and in June 2006 it signed a firm order with Bombardier Aerospace for three Dash 8-Q400s, plus three options. The last of the three aircraft was delivered in September 2007. Two additional Q400s were ordered later.

In October 2008, Luxair decided to place an order for its first Boeing 737-800. This aircraft replaced the last Boeing 737-500 in Luxair's fleet and facilitated Luxair's offer on its holiday destinations. In 2009, the airline was awarded as the most punctual scheduled operator at London City Airport during 2008 by Flight on Time, based on CAA statistics. In 2011 Luxair carried 1,302,771 passengers. In 2013 and 2014, two new Boeing 737-800s fitted with Boeing Sky Interior became part of the fleet, which enabled Luxair to retire the last Boeing 737-500 from service.

In July 2015, Luxair's minority shareholder Lufthansa announced it would sell its 13 per cent stake in the airline it had held since 1993. The government of Luxembourg was named as the preferred buyer. In November 2015, the sale was finalized when Lufthansa sold its entire stake to the state of Luxembourg. Luxair also announced it would stop flying its route to Frankfurt Airport previously operated on a codeshare with Lufthansa as the latter started the same route itself. Luxair is still part of the Lufthansa frequent flyer program Miles & More.

After the bankruptcy of Air Berlin, Luxair announced they would begin flying from Saarbrücken Airport to Berlin Tegel Airport utilising a Bombardier CRJ700 which Luxair leased from Adria Airways based in Saarbrücken.

Ownership
As of November 2015, after Lufthansa sold its shares, the airline is owned by the State of Luxembourg (52.04%), Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État (21.81%), Banque Internationale à Luxembourg (13.14%), the Luxair Group and others (13.11%). In total, the State of Luxembourg owns 74.98% of the company through various state-owned corporations and its holding of 10% of Banque Internationale à Luxembourg.

Key figures
The key figures for the Luxair Group since 2008 are shown below:

Codeshare agreements
Luxair has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

 * Air France
 * Air Serbia
 * Austrian Airlines
 * ITA Airways
 * LOT Polish Airlines
 * Lufthansa
 * Scandinavian Airlines
 * TAP Air Portugal
 * Turkish Airlines

Current fleet
, the Luxair fleet consists of the following aircraft:

Historical fleet
Luxair previously also operated the following aircraft types:

 * Airbus A300B4-203
 * Boeing 707
 * Boeing 737-200
 * Boeing 737-400
 * Boeing 737-500
 * Boeing 747SP
 * Boeing 767-300ER
 * Bombardier CRJ700
 * Sud Aviation Caravelle 6R
 * Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
 * Embraer ERJ-135
 * Embraer ERJ-145
 * Fokker F27 Friendship
 * Fokker 50
 * Vickers Viscount

Special liveries
Starting from 2020, Luxair released special liveries for some of its aircraft. On July 25, 2021, the company introduced the SUMO Artwork Luxair's Boeing 737/800. The livery was designed by the local street artist Christian "SUMO" Pearson. The special livery was meant to spread a positive message at the moment of the restart of operations after the first COVID-19 lockdown and was the main action of the company's broader "FlyingIsAnArt" project: On the 25th of November 2020, the company released a de Havilland Q400 with an orange logo to raise awareness for violence against women.

In July 2022, Luxair was the world's first airline to paint a livery of one of its aircraft in a rainbow, to support Luxembourg Pride Month. This project inspired the German carrier Lufthansa, which one year later decided to do the same on one of its aircraft.

In October 2022, Luxair painted one of its aircraft with pink artwork by the local artist Lisa Junius in partnership with Think Pink Lux, to contribute to the Pink October worldwide campaign.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 22 December 1969, a Vickers Viscount (registration LX-LGC) arriving from Frankfurt Airport, Germany, landed 60% on the right-hand side of R24, hit a snowbank piled up by snowplows at the intersection with runway 20 during landing and rollout at Luxembourg Findel Airport in freezing fog weather. No passengers were killed, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. It was scrapped in May 1970.
 * On 6 November 2002, Luxair Flight 9642, a Fokker 50 (registration LX-LGB) incoming from Berlin, Germany, crashed in a field near the village of Niederanven during its final approach to Luxembourg Findel Airport. Twenty passengers and two crew members died, including artist Michel Majerus. Only the pilot in command and one passenger survived. This is the only fatal accident in Luxair's history.
 * On 30 September 2015, Luxair Flight 9562, operated by a Bombardier Q400, was taking off from Saarbrücken Airport when the first officer retracted the landing gear before the aircraft lifted off. The aircraft collapsed onto its belly and came to a stop on the runway. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and Luxair ordered a replacement Q400 to be delivered in August 2016.
 * On 4 February 2024, Luxair flight LG5682 flying between Ljubljana and Luxembourg was forced to land in Munich, after pilots reported a crack in their cockpit windshield. The Dash-8 plane was grounded for approximately 31 hours in Munich, repaired, and returned to Luxembourg.

title: Luxair