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Emberton

Emberton is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, in Buckinghamshire, England. The village is near the borders with Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire, just to the south of Olney, 4 mi north of Newport Pagnell, and 7 mi north-east of Central Milton Keynes.

The parish of Emberton was formed from three villages that were annexed together for ecclesiastical purposes in 1650: Petsoe, Ekeney and Emberton. Today nothing remains of Ekeney and Petsoe only exists as a hamlet called Petsoe End.

The village name is an Old English word and means Eanbeorht's Farm. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was called Ambretone; in manorial records of 1227 it was Emberdestone, and by the fourteenth century it was Embirtone.

In the twelfth century, the manor was owned by the Paynel (sic) family of Newport Pagnell. The parish church is dedicated to All Saints.

Although there are no shops in the village, there is a village pub called the Bell and Bear on the site of the old Bell Inn. The former Bear Inn was previously situated near Petsoe where the A509 now runs.

Clock tower
At the heart of the village is a clock tower, which was restored in 1972 and then renovated with the help of a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund. This poem is engraved on a panel below the clock:

Time's on the wing, how swift he speeds his way, Hastening to sink in one continuous day, Pause passing traveller, "what thy destiny?" When death unveils a vast eternity Live then to Christ, in Christ eternal gain No Christ, No Hope, but everlasting pain.

Nearby geographic features
Hollington Wood, a small patch of ancient woodland, lies about a mile south-east of Emberton.

The Milton Keynes Wind Farm is located 2 miles east of Emberton.

There is also an 18ha solar farm at Rectory Farm, Petsoe

Notable people
Dan Wheldon (1978–2011), one of the biggest names in American motorsport, hailed from Emberton. Though relatively unknown in his native Britain, Wheldon became a star in the United States after winning both the IndyCar championship and the Indy 500 in 2005 and 2011. He was killed in a high-speed crash involving 15 cars in the 2011 IndyCar season finale held in Las Vegas.

Emberton Country Park
Emberton Country Park is a 200 acre Country park on the river Great Ouse. The original gravel works site where the modern park is located was transformed by Milton Keynes City Council in 1965 into a country park and is the only one in the Milton Keynes UA to be designated as such, and one of five in Buckinghamshire.

There are five lakes and a (touring) caravan park within the park area.

title: Emberton


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Order of the Red Banner

The Order of the Red Banner (Орден Красного Знамени) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. It was the highest award of Soviet Russia, subsequently the Soviet Union, until the Order of Lenin was established in 1930. Recipients were recognised for extraordinary heroism, dedication, and courage demonstrated on the battlefield. The Order was awarded to individuals as well as to military units, cities, ships, political and social organizations, and state enterprises. In later years, it was also awarded on the twentieth and again on the thirtieth anniversary of military, police, or state security service without requiring participation in combat (the "Long Service Award" variant).

Award history
The Russian Order of the Red Banner was established during the Russian Civil War by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of September 16, 1918.

The first recipient was Vasily Blyukher on September 28, 1918. The second recipient was Iona Yakir.

During the Civil War, similarly named orders and decorations existed, which were established by the Soviet communist governments of several other constituent and nonconstituent republics. The August 1, 1924, decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee established the all-Soviet Order of the Red Banner for deserving personnel of the Red Army.

Other nonmilitary awards also used the phrase "Order of the Red Banner" in their title; for example, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour was presented for acts of great scientific, military (technical or logistic), manufacturing, or agricultural achievement. From 1918 till the late 1930s there was also a Soviet collective variant – the Revolutionary Red Banner of Honor. This was in the form of a special military color awarded to distinguished Red Army, Soviet Air Force, and Soviet Navy units. It was older than the Order of the Red Banner, having been established on August 3, 1918, a month and several weeks before.

Award statute
As a military decoration, the Order of the Red Banner recognised heroism in combat or otherwise extraordinary accomplishments of military valour during combat operations. Before the establishment of the Order of Lenin on April 5, 1930, the Order of the Red Banner functioned as the highest (and practically the only) military order of the USSR. During World War II, under various titles (including the Order of the Red Banner of Military Valour and Order of the Red Banner for Maritime Valour), it was presented to both individuals and military units for acts of extreme military heroism. In some ways, the Order of the Red Banner was more prestigious, as it could only be awarded for bravery during combat operations. In contrast, the Order of Lenin was sometimes awarded to non-military personnel and political leaders. Nearly all well-known Soviet commanders became recipients of the Order of the Red Banner.

When the Order was awarded to whole formations, the prefix "Red Banner" was added to their official designations. Naval vessels also flew a special ensign.

Long service award
The Order of the Red Banner was also used as a "long service award" between 1944 and 1958 to mark twenty and thirty years of service in the military, state security, or police. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 14, 1957, emphasised the devaluation of certain Soviet high military Orders used as long service awards instead of their originally intended criteria. This led to the joint January 25, 1958, decree of the Ministers of Defence, of Internal Affairs, and of the Chairman of the Committee on State Security of the USSR establishing the Medal "For Impeccable Service," putting an end to the practice of awarding long service variants of the Order of the Red Banner.

Award description
The Order, made of silver, consisted of a white-enamelled badge, which had a golden Hammer and Sickle badge surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat on a Red Star, backed by crossed hammer, plough, torch, and a red flag bearing the motto Proletarians (Workers) of all countries, Unite!. Two golden panicles of wheat surrounded the whole; at the bottom were the letters "SSSR" (СССР). Additional awards of the Order bore a white enamelled shield with a silver sequence number at the bottom of the obverse. A recipient of multiple Orders of the Red Banner would wear a basic badge of the Order with a numeral corresponding to the sequence of the award on a cartouche over the wheat at the bottom of the badge.

The early variants of the Order were screw-back badges to allow wear on clothing. Later variants (from 1943) hung from a standard Soviet pentagonal mount with a ring through the suspension loop. The mount was covered with an overlapping 24mm wide red silk moiré ribbon with 1.5mm wide white edge stripes and a 7mm wide white central stripe.

The Order of the Red Banner was worn on the left side of the chest and when in the presence of other Orders and medals of the USSR, was placed immediately after the Order of the October Revolution. If worn in the presence of Orders or medals of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.

Individuals

 * Leon Trotsky
 * Hendrik Allik
 * Kliment Voroshilov (6 times)
 * Vasily Arkhipov
 * Joseph Beyrle, US Army POW
 * Sergey Semyonovich Biryuzov
 * Vasili Mikhailovich Blokhin (2 times)
 * Vasily Blyukher (first recipient, in total 5 times)
 * Gleb Boky
 * György Lukács
 * Hayk Bzhishkyan (2 times)
 * Volodia Dubinin
 * Irina Dryagina
 * Aleksa Dundić
 * Pavel Dybenko (3 times)
 * Evdokia Zavaliy
 * Ivan Fedyuninsky (5 times)
 * Ivan Ivanovich Pstygo (7 times)
 * Ivan Kozhedub (7 times)
 * Leonid Govorov
 * Alexander Gorbatov
 * Irina Sebrova (3 times)
 * Bolesław Kontrym (3 times)
 * Max Hoelz
 * Ursula Kuczynski
 * Konstantin Krasavin (3 times)
 * Rodion Malinovsky (3 times)
 * Vasily Zaytsev (2 times)
 * Kim Il Sung
 * Mikhail Petrovich Minin
 * Semyon Nomokonov
 * Kim Philby
 * Sergei Mironovich Kirov
 * Issa Pliyev (3 times)
 * Alexander Pylcyn
 * Alexander Radó
 * Naum Shusterman
 * Evgeniy Ignatievich Skarzhinsky(3 times)
 * Abram Slutsky (2 times)
 * Pavel Soloviev
 * Ios Teper
 * Semyon Timoshenko (5 times)
 * Philipp Mishelevich Tseitlyn
 * Gabriel Ilyich Urazovsky
 * Aleksandr Vasilevsky (2 times)
 * Alexander Vekman (2 times)
 * Nikolai Vlasik (4 times)
 * Mikhail Vodopyanov
 * Iona Yakir (second recipient, in total 3 times)
 * Mikhail Grigoryevich Yefremov
 * Nikolai Vladimirovich Zateyev (for actions during K-19 crisis, 4 July 1961)
 * Georgy Zhukov (3 times)
 * Vyacheslav Ivanovich Zof
 * Flight attendant Nadezhda Kurchenko
 * Flight attendant Tamara Zharkaya
 * Clara Zetkin
 * Hoang Van Thai
 * Vasily Ignatenko
 * Zinoviy Kolobanov
 * Nina Lobkovskaya
 * Sergei Ivanovich Safronov
 * Mikhail Golovatov
 * Yakov Novichenko
 * Aleksandra Shlyakhova

Formations

 * Baltic Fleet (twice)
 * Soviet Northern Fleet
 * Pacific Ocean Fleet
 * Far Eastern Military District
 * First Army
 * First Guards Tank Army
 * Second Guards Tank Army
 * 1st Rifle Division
 * 6th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
 * 24th Rifle Division
 * 45th Rifle Division (awarded 1919)
 * 27th Guards Rifle Division
 * 39th Guards Rifle Division (twice)
 * 19th Motor Rifle Division
 * 62nd Rocket Division
 * 76th Guards Airborne Division
 * 85th Rifle Division
 * 100th Guards Rifle Division
 * 106th Guards Tula Airborne Division
 * 17th Rifle Regiment, 32nd Rifle Division
 * 72nd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
 * Groupe de Chasse 3 Normandie "Niémen" (France)
 * Ensemble of Song and Dance of the Russian Army aka the Red Army Choir (twice)

Individual feats
Feats of valour worthy of the award of the Order of the Red Banner were as much against internal as against external enemies of the USSR, as detailed below:
 * Stalin's Chief Executioner (and eventually NKVD Major General) Vasili Mikhailovich Blokhin was awarded his Order in 1941 for leading a company of executioners that performed and supervised numerous mass executions during Stalin's reign, including more than 7,000 Poles over the course of several consecutive days.
 * Pavel Dybenko won three Orders of the Red Banner, his first in the 1921 bloody suppression of the naval rebellion in Kronstadt, his two other Orders in 1922 in the suppression of peasants uprisings.
 * Sasha Fillipov received his posthumous Order in 1944 for spying on, and being executed by, the Germans during the Battle of Stalingrad.
 * Private Mikhail Minin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for being the first to enter the Reichstag building on April 30, 1945, during the Battle of Berlin, and the first soldier to mount the red flag on its roof at 10:40 pm.
 * Major General Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov was awarded two of his four Orders of the Red Banner for his leadership of long-range bomber groups during World War II, often personally leading the missions.
 * Captain Vasily Zaytsev, won his Order as a sniper during the Battle of Stalingrad in Nov–Dec 1942, killed over 200 enemy soldiers, including 11 enemy snipers.

Media

 * In George Orwell's Animal Farm (1945), a satire on the Soviet Union, an order called the Order of the Green Banner is created.
 * William Craig's nonfiction book, Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad (1973), based partially on and depicting the exploits and successful tactics of Zaytsev, was made into a feature-length film, Enemy at the Gates, (2001), starring Jude Law as Zaytsev. Zaytsev's tactics are required reading for US snipers.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Order of the Red Banner


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Marsh, Buckinghamshire

Marsh is a hamlet in the civil parish of Great and Little Kimble cum Marsh in Buckinghamshire, England. The hamlet name comes from the name of the Earls of Pembroke in the 12th and 13th centuries and was previously called Marshals.

Formerly a parish in its own right, it was annexed into the parish of Great Kimble in the late medieval period when its manor was purchased by Lord Griffith Hampden (ancestor of John Hampden) who was also the lord of Great Kimble manor. In the English Civil War it was reputed that King Charles I of England spent some time in hiding in the pub in the hamlet.

Today the hamlet is just a small collection of houses, a pub and a couple of farms. The name Marsh is also given to the nearby Marsh Level Crossing on the railway line that runs from Princes Risborough to Aylesbury. Marsh is close to the Chiltern hills an area of outstanding beauty, surrounded in wildlife and farms it is a perfect habitat for animals.

title: Marsh, Buckinghamshire


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Talk:Ramayana

Regarding the removal of some entries in popular culture
Can't we put a warning about missing sources instead of removing the entries? @Chariotrider555 Tusharhero (talk) 02:06, 23 January 2024 (UTC)
 * User:Tusharhero, No, it will forever remain like that otherwise. It is the WP:BURDEN of whoever adds something to the list to make sure it has its own page or academic sources beyond a trivial mention to prove notability. Chariotrider555 (talk) 02:20, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

If written, what script was it when Valmiki wrote?
I am wondering that the script is definitely NOT Devanagiri. It may be in Brahmi or after Indus Scrip? Sarma Pisapati (talk) 19:35, 21 April 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Digital Media
— Assignment last updated by Pr23668 (talk) 04:14, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Astronomical dating
your dating of 12209 BCE diff seems to be Nilesh Oak's theory, from a self-published book link. Not WP:RS but WP:FRINGE, and quite WP:UNDUE, as far as I can see. Joshua Jonathan -  Let's talk!  17:05, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

ramayana
one of the oldest india story. 202.62.42.15 (talk) 16:00, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ramayana


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Great Missenden

Great Missenden is an affluent village and civil parish in the Misbourne Valley in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England, situated between the towns of Amersham and Wendover. It adjoins the village of Little Kingshill, and is a mile from Little Missenden and the village of Prestwood.

The narrow and historic High Street is bypassed by the main A413 London to Aylesbury Road. It is located in the centre of the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The source of the Misbourne is to be found just north of the village, although the upper reach of the river runs only in winter and the perennial head is in Little Missenden. The village is now best known as home to the late Roald Dahl, the world-famous adult and children's author.

Etymology
The name Missenden is first attested in the Domesday Book as Missedene, with other early attestations including the spellings Messedena and Musindone. The -den element probably comes from Old English denu, meaning "valley", but the etymology of the first element is uncertain. It is thought to occur in the name of the River Misbourne, which rises in Great Missenden, and also in the Hertfordshire place-name Miswell. Frank Stenton and Allen Mawer guessed that it came from a hypothetical Anglo-Saxon personal name Myrsa, which they also supposed to be found in the name of Mursley.

Eilert Ekwall suggested that the name Missenden came from a lost Old English word related to English moss, and to Danish mysse and Swedish missne (which denote plants of the genus Calla, such as water arum). Recent researchers have tentatively preferred Ekwall's guess, in which case the name Missenden would once have meant something like "valley where water-plants/marsh-plants grow".

History
Great Missenden lay on a major route between the Midlands and London. Several coaching inns, particularly the Red Lion (now an estate agency) and The George (with new owners), provided rest and refreshment for travellers and their horses. The first railway line in the area was, however, routed alongside the Grand Union Canal to the east. Once the coaches stopped running Great Missenden declined in importance and prosperity, becoming an agricultural town. Following the arrival of the Metropolitan Railway, (later the London Underground's Metropolitan line) in 1892. Great Missenden became a village where writers, entertainers and even Prime Ministers resided. Great Missenden railway station is now on the Chiltern Railways line and offers fast connecting services running into London Marylebone; it is the first station on the line that does not fall into a London Zone.

The village is overlooked by the medieval Church of England parish church, the Church of St Peter and St Paul, whereas the High Street itself is home to the Catholic Church of The Immaculate Heart of Mary, one of the largest Catholic churches in the Chiltern District. The position of the parish church away from the town centre suggests an earlier settlement around the church with a move of the village's heart to its present location in the early Middle Ages. In the twelfth century Great Missenden was granted a charter allowing it to hold an annual Fair in August. Missenden Abbey, founded in 1133 as an Augustinian monastery, was ruined following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and the remains were incorporated into a Georgian mansion which is now a conference centre.

Gipsy House in Great Missenden was the home of author Roald Dahl from 1954 until his death in 1990, and still remains in the family, and many local scenes and characters are reflected in his work. Dahl is buried at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church and children still leave toys and flowers at his grave. In June 2005 the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre opened in Great Missenden to honour the work of Dahl.

Robert Louis Stevenson, the writer of famous works such as Treasure Island and the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, stayed a night at The Red Lion, now 62 High Street, in Great Missenden in October 1874, which he wrote in an essay called "An Autumn Effect".

The espionage novelist David Cornwell, who wrote as John le Carré, noted in a posthumously published introduction to a 2021 reissue of his first novel, Call for the Dead, that "I lived in Great Missenden in those days and commuted to Marylebone station".

The village is home to the private Gateway School, Great Missenden Combined School and The Misbourne secondary school. Many children attend the local grammar schools in nearby Amersham, Chesham, Little Chalfont and High Wycombe, as well as leading local preparatory schools such as Chesham Prep, which consistently makes The Tatler list of Best Prep Schools in the UK.

Given its quaint and historic high street, the village has been used extensively as a filming location for TV drama Midsomer Murders. During 1980, Hammer Film Productions filmed a small series of horror films for television, many of them filmed in and around Great Missenden. Of note is the episode "Rude Awakening" starring Denholm Elliott who plays an Estate Agent trapped in a recurring nightmare.

Demography
At the 2001 UK census, the Great Missenden electoral ward had a population of 2,192. The ethnicity was 98.1% white, 0.7% mixed race, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% black and 0.2% other. The place of birth of residents was 90.6% United Kingdom, 1.5% Republic of Ireland, 2.8% other Western European countries, and 5.1% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 77.7% Christian, 0% Buddhist, 0.2% Hindu, 0.1% Sikh, 0% Jewish, and 0.1% Muslim. 14.2% were recorded as having no religion, 0.3% had an alternative religion and 7.4% did not state their religion.

The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.7% in full-time employment, 11.3% in part-time employment, 14.9% self-employed, 1.9% unemployed, 1.9% students with jobs, 3.8% students without jobs, 19% retired, 8% looking after home or family, 2% permanently sick or disabled and 1.6% economically inactive for other reasons. The industry of employment of residents was 13.3% retail, 11.6% manufacturing, 5.5% construction, 24.1% real estate, 9.7% health and social work, 8.8% education, 4.7% transport and communications, 3.6% public administration, 4.2% hotels and restaurants, 4.3% finance, 1.9% agriculture and 8.3% other. Compared with national figures, the ward had a relatively high proportion of workers in agriculture and real estate. There were a relatively low proportion in public administration, transport and communications. Of the ward's residents aged 16–74, 35.8% had a higher education qualification or the equivalent, compared with 19.9% nationwide.

Parish

 * Ballinger, located northeast of Great Missenden, between Lee Common and Ballinger Common
 * Ballinger Bottom, located northeast of Great Missenden, near South Heath
 * Ballinger Common, located northeast of Great Missenden, near Ballinger
 * Bryant's Bottom, located west of Prestwood, near Speen
 * Frith-hill, located east of Great Missenden
 * Heath End, located near the border with Hughenden parish, near Great Kingshill
 * Hotley Bottom, located north of Prestwood
 * Hyde End, located between South Heath and Hyde Heath
 * Hyde Heath, located near Little Missenden
 * Little Wood Corner, located south of South Heath
 * Mobwell, located in Great Missenden
 * Prestwood, large village west of Great Missenden
 * South Heath, located northeast of Great Missenden

Governance
There are two tiers of local government covering Great Missenden, at parish and unitary authority level: Great Missenden Parish Council and Buckinghamshire Council.

Great Missenden is within the Chesham and Amersham parliamentary constituency, represented since 2020 by Sarah Green, (Liberal Democrat).

Notable people

 * Clement Attlee, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * David Cornwell (John le Carré), English novelist
 * Jamie Cullum, English musician
 * Roald Dahl, British novelist
 * Patricia Neal, American actress
 * Geoffrey Palmer, English actor
 * Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish novelist
 * Harold Wilson, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

title: Great Missenden


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Pierre Deligne

Pierre René, Viscount Deligne (born 3 October 1944) is a Belgian mathematician. He is best known for work on the Weil conjectures, leading to a complete proof in 1973. He is the winner of the 2013 Abel Prize, 2008 Wolf Prize, 1988 Crafoord Prize, and 1978 Fields Medal.

Early life and education
Deligne was born in Etterbeek, attended school at Athénée Adolphe Max and studied at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), writing a dissertation titled Théorème de Lefschetz et critères de dégénérescence de suites spectrales (Theorem of Lefschetz and criteria of degeneration of spectral sequences). He completed his doctorate at the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay 1972 under the supervision of Alexander Grothendieck, with a thesis titled Théorie de Hodge.

Career
Starting in 1965, Deligne worked with Grothendieck at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS) near Paris, initially on the generalization within scheme theory of Zariski's main theorem. In 1968, he also worked with Jean-Pierre Serre; their work led to important results on the l-adic representations attached to modular forms, and the conjectural functional equations of L-functions. Deligne's also focused on topics in Hodge theory. He introduced the concept of weights and tested them on objects in complex geometry. He also collaborated with David Mumford on a new description of the moduli spaces for curves. Their work came to be seen as an introduction to one form of the theory of algebraic stacks, and recently has been applied to questions arising from string theory. But Deligne's most famous contribution was his proof of the third and last of the Weil conjectures. This proof completed a programme initiated and largely developed by Alexander Grothendieck lasting for more than a decade. As a corollary he proved the celebrated Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for modular forms of weight greater than one; weight one was proved in his work with Serre. Deligne's 1974 paper contains the first proof of the Weil conjectures. Deligne's contribution was to supply the estimate of the eigenvalues of the Frobenius endomorphism, considered the geometric analogue of the Riemann hypothesis. It also led to the proof of Lefschetz hyperplane theorem and the old and new estimates of the classical exponential sums, among other applications. Deligne's 1980 paper contains a much more general version of the Riemann hypothesis.

From 1970 until 1984, Deligne was a permanent member of the IHÉS staff. During this time he did much important work outside of his work on algebraic geometry. In joint work with George Lusztig, Deligne applied étale cohomology to construct representations of finite groups of Lie type; with Michael Rapoport, Deligne worked on the moduli spaces from the 'fine' arithmetic point of view, with application to modular forms. He received a Fields Medal in 1978. In 1984, Deligne moved to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.

Hodge cycles
In terms of the completion of some of the underlying Grothendieck program of research, he defined absolute Hodge cycles, as a surrogate for the missing and still largely conjectural theory of motives. This idea allows one to get around the lack of knowledge of the Hodge conjecture, for some applications. The theory of mixed Hodge structures, a powerful tool in algebraic geometry that generalizes classical Hodge theory, was created by applying weight filtration, Hironaka's resolution of singularities and other methods, which he then used to prove the Weil conjectures. He reworked the Tannakian category theory in his 1990 paper for the "Grothendieck Festschrift", employing Beck's theorem – the Tannakian category concept being the categorical expression of the linearity of the theory of motives as the ultimate Weil cohomology. All this is part of the yoga of weights, uniting Hodge theory and the l-adic Galois representations. The Shimura variety theory is related, by the idea that such varieties should parametrize not just good (arithmetically interesting) families of Hodge structures, but actual motives. This theory is not yet a finished product, and more recent trends have used K-theory approaches.

Perverse sheaves
With Alexander Beilinson, Joseph Bernstein, and Ofer Gabber, Deligne made definitive contributions to the theory of perverse sheaves. This theory plays an important role in the recent proof of the fundamental lemma by Ngô Bảo Châu. It was also used by Deligne himself to greatly clarify the nature of the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence, which extends Hilbert's twenty-first problem to higher dimensions. Prior to Deligne's paper, Zoghman Mebkhout's 1980 thesis and the work of Masaki Kashiwara through D-modules theory (but published in the 80s) on the problem have appeared.

Other works
In 1974 at the IHÉS, Deligne's joint paper with Phillip Griffiths, John Morgan and Dennis Sullivan on the real homotopy theory of compact Kähler manifolds was a major piece of work in complex differential geometry which settled several important questions of both classical and modern significance. The input from Weil conjectures, Hodge theory, variations of Hodge structures, and many geometric and topological tools were critical to its investigations. His work in complex singularity theory generalized Milnor maps into an algebraic setting and extended the Picard-Lefschetz formula beyond their general format, generating a new method of research in this subject. His paper with Ken Ribet on abelian L-functions and their extensions to Hilbert modular surfaces and p-adic L-functions form an important part of his work in arithmetic geometry. Other important research achievements of Deligne include the notion of cohomological descent, motivic L-functions, mixed sheaves, nearby vanishing cycles, central extensions of reductive groups, geometry and topology of braid groups, providing the modern axiomatic definition of Shimura varieties, the work in collaboration with George Mostow on the examples of non-arithmetic lattices and monodromy of hypergeometric differential equations in two- and three-dimensional complex hyperbolic spaces, etc.

Awards
He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1978, the Crafoord Prize in 1988, the Balzan Prize in 2004, the Wolf Prize in 2008, and the Abel Prize in 2013, "for seminal contributions to algebraic geometry and for their transformative impact on number theory, representation theory, and related fields". He was elected a foreign member of the Academie des Sciences de Paris in 1978.

In 2006 he was ennobled by the Belgian king as viscount.

In 2009, Deligne was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and a residential member of the American Philosophical Society. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Selected publications

 * Quantum fields and strings: a course for mathematicians. Vols. 1, 2. Material from the Special Year on Quantum Field Theory held at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1996–1997. Edited by Pierre Deligne, Pavel Etingof, Daniel S. Freed, Lisa C. Jeffrey, David Kazhdan, John W. Morgan, David R. Morrison and Edward Witten. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, 1999. Vol. 1: xxii+723 pp.; Vol. 2: pp. i–xxiv and 727–1501. ISBN 0-8218-1198-3.
 * Quantum fields and strings: a course for mathematicians. Vols. 1, 2. Material from the Special Year on Quantum Field Theory held at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1996–1997. Edited by Pierre Deligne, Pavel Etingof, Daniel S. Freed, Lisa C. Jeffrey, David Kazhdan, John W. Morgan, David R. Morrison and Edward Witten. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, 1999. Vol. 1: xxii+723 pp.; Vol. 2: pp. i–xxiv and 727–1501. ISBN 0-8218-1198-3.
 * Quantum fields and strings: a course for mathematicians. Vols. 1, 2. Material from the Special Year on Quantum Field Theory held at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1996–1997. Edited by Pierre Deligne, Pavel Etingof, Daniel S. Freed, Lisa C. Jeffrey, David Kazhdan, John W. Morgan, David R. Morrison and Edward Witten. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, 1999. Vol. 1: xxii+723 pp.; Vol. 2: pp. i–xxiv and 727–1501. ISBN 0-8218-1198-3.
 * Quantum fields and strings: a course for mathematicians. Vols. 1, 2. Material from the Special Year on Quantum Field Theory held at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1996–1997. Edited by Pierre Deligne, Pavel Etingof, Daniel S. Freed, Lisa C. Jeffrey, David Kazhdan, John W. Morgan, David R. Morrison and Edward Witten. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, 1999. Vol. 1: xxii+723 pp.; Vol. 2: pp. i–xxiv and 727–1501. ISBN 0-8218-1198-3.
 * Quantum fields and strings: a course for mathematicians. Vols. 1, 2. Material from the Special Year on Quantum Field Theory held at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1996–1997. Edited by Pierre Deligne, Pavel Etingof, Daniel S. Freed, Lisa C. Jeffrey, David Kazhdan, John W. Morgan, David R. Morrison and Edward Witten. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, 1999. Vol. 1: xxii+723 pp.; Vol. 2: pp. i–xxiv and 727–1501. ISBN 0-8218-1198-3.
 * Quantum fields and strings: a course for mathematicians. Vols. 1, 2. Material from the Special Year on Quantum Field Theory held at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1996–1997. Edited by Pierre Deligne, Pavel Etingof, Daniel S. Freed, Lisa C. Jeffrey, David Kazhdan, John W. Morgan, David R. Morrison and Edward Witten. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, 1999. Vol. 1: xxii+723 pp.; Vol. 2: pp. i–xxiv and 727–1501. ISBN 0-8218-1198-3.

Hand-written letters
Deligne wrote multiple hand-written letters to other mathematicians in the 1970s. These include

Concepts named after Deligne
The following mathematical concepts are named after Deligne:
 * Brylinski-Deligne extensions
 * Deligne torus
 * Deligne–Lusztig theory
 * Deligne–Mumford moduli space of curves
 * Deligne–Mumford stacks
 * Fourier–Deligne transform
 * Deligne cohomology
 * Deligne motive
 * Deligne tensor product of abelian categories (denoted $$\boxtimes$$)
 * Deligne's theorem
 * Langlands–Deligne local constant
 * Weil-Deligne group

Additionally, many different conjectures in mathematics have been called the Deligne conjecture:
 * ''Deligne's conjecture on Hochschild cohomology.
 * The Deligne conjecture on special values of L-functions is a formulation of the hope for algebraicity of L(n) where L is an L-function and n is an integer in some set depending on L.
 * There is a Deligne conjecture on 1-motives arising in the theory of motives in algebraic geometry.
 * There is a Gross–Deligne conjecture in the theory of complex multiplication.
 * There is a Deligne conjecture on monodromy, also known as the weight monodromy conjecture, or purity conjecture for the monodromy filtration.
 * There is a Deligne conjecture in the representation theory of exceptional Lie groups.
 * There is a conjecture named the Deligne–Grothendieck conjecture for the discrete Riemann–Roch theorem in characteristic 0.
 * There is a conjecture named the Deligne–Milnor conjecture for the differential interpretation of a formula of Milnor for Milnor fibres, as part of the extension of nearby cycles and their Euler numbers.
 * The Deligne–Milne conjecture is formulated as part of motives and Tannakian categories.
 * There is a Deligne–Langlands conjecture of historical importance in relation with the development of the Langlands philosophy.
 * Deligne's conjecture on the Lefschetz trace formula (now called Fujiwara's theorem for equivariant correspondences).

title: Pierre Deligne


text:
User:Hlaw

Born and living in Hong Kong.

Following closely recent developments in local politics. ---

Articles created
123 Democratic Alliance 7.1 People Pile April Fifth Action Article 45 Concern Group Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood Central and Western Democratic Power Citizens Party (Hong Kong) Civic Act-up Civil Force (Hong Kong) Confederation of Trade Unions Democratic Party (Hong Kong) Federation of Trade Unions Hong Kong Progressive Alliance Justice Union New Century Forum New Youth Forum The Frontier (Hong Kong)

District Council of Hong Kong Executive Council of Hong Kong

Ambrose Lau Hon-chuen Emily Lau James Tien Ma Lik Martin Lee Tsang Yok-sing Yeung Sum

Articles edited
Hong Kong Hong Kong Basic Law Politics of Hong Kong Legislative Council of Hong Kong Sino-British Joint Declaration One country, two systems

title: User:Hlaw


text:
State Political Directorate

The State Political Directorate (Государственное политическое управление), abbreviated as GPU (ГПУ), was the secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from February 1922 to November 1923. It was the immediate successor of the Cheka, and was replaced by the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU).

Name
The official designation in line to the native reference is:
 * Русский: = Государственное политическое управление (ГПУ) при Народном комиссариaте внутренних дел (НКВД) РСФСР
 * tr =Gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie (GPU) pri narodnom komissariate vnutrennikh del (NKVD) RSFSR – (GPU pri NKVD RSFSR)
 * English: = State Political Directorate (also State Political Administration) under the People's Commissariat of interior affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR)

Establishment
Formed from the Cheka, the original Russian state security organization, on February 6, 1922, it was initially known under the Russian abbreviation GPU—short for "State Political Directorate under the NKVD of the RSFSR" (Russian: Государственное политическое управление при НКВД РСФСР, Gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravlenie under the NKVD of the RSFSR"). Its first chief was the Cheka's former chairman, Felix Dzerzhinsky.

Internal security
On paper, the new agency was supposed to act with more restraint than the Cheka. For example, unlike the Cheka, it did not have the right to shoot suspected "counter-revolutionaries" at will. All those suspected of political crimes had to be brought before a judge in normal circumstances.

Foreign intelligence
The 'Foreign Department' of the GPU was headed by a former Bolshevik and party member, Mikhail Trilisser. The Foreign Department was placed in charge of intelligence activities overseas, including espionage and liquidation of 'enemies of the people'. Trilisser himself was later liquidated by Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge in 1940.

Disestablishment
With the creation of the USSR in December 1922, a unified organization was required to exercise control over state security throughout the new union. Thus, on November 15, 1923, the GPU left the Russian NKVD and was reorganized as the all-union Joint State Political Directorate, also translated as "All-Union State Political Administration". Its official name was "Joint State Political Directorate under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR" (Russian: Obyedinyonnoye gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravleniye under the SNK of the USSR, Объединённое государственное политическое управление при СНК СССР), or OGPU (ОГПУ).

title: State Political Directorate


text:
St Leonards, Buckinghamshire

St Leonards is a small village in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England. It is 3 miles east of Wendover and 4 miles south of Tring, Hertfordshire. A short section of Grim's Ditch delineates the northern end of the village, which lies within the civil parish of Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards.

Prehistoric
The earliest evidence of habitation is indicated by a short section of the Chiltern Grim's Ditch linear earthwork, which is believed to have been constructed during the Iron Age. Though what remains is eroded and poorly preserved a ditch and bank are still visible. There are also examples of pottery shards, possibly associated with a small Iron Age bloomery found in a brick-earth quarry and iron slag (at Newsetts Wood) indicating there was a significant community living in the area close to the present-day Dundridge Manor. St Leonards is not mentioned in the Domesday Book however the muster roll tells us that by 1522 St Leonards was a hamlet of some 30–40 residents.

St Leonard's Church
The early history of the village centres on the foundation of a chapel at St Leonards. A charter of Henry de Crokesley from around 1187 refers to him granting the manor at Dundridge to Missenden Abbey and setting aside land for the chapel-of-ease at St Leonards. By 1278 St Leonards was more closely associated with Aston Clinton. Richard Gravesend Bishop of Lincoln and Archdeacon of Oxford on a visitation granted William de Clinton Lord of the Manor of Aston Clinton, the right to establish a consecrated chapel on the site of the former hermitage belonging to Missenden Abbey. The chapel was dedicated to St Leonard of Noblac also recorded as "Leonardi de Blakemere" (possessive form) in 1250.). The choice of Leonardus or Leonard may have been in recognition of a hermit associated with Missenden Abbey known as the 'Hermit of the Woods', according to the Pipe Rolls of 1196. However this has not been verified and the choice of St Leonard might have been because the hermit was instead connected with St Leonard's Hospital in Aylesbury. Blakemere is thought to be a reference to Black Mere, a marshy area and pond that appears in records from that time. (The pond survived until it was filled in around 1923).

It has been determined that most of the current church was built in the 15th century, though a piscina and sedile are of 14th century design and were probably saved from the earlier building. The bell in the Bell-Cot was made in 1702 by Chandler from Drayton Parslow. Despite the Dissolution of the Monasteries the church continued in use as a chapel-of-ease until after 1586 when an inquisition was held in the name of Queen Elizabeth into why the chapel and lands had not reverted to the crown. However following successful pleas from Silvester and Henry Baldwin, it was permitted that from 1587 services could be held there once again, for the benefit of local woodsmen, because Aston Clinton church was a good hour's walk away, and the long journey stopped them from getting on with their work). By 1640 the church had fallen into disrepair and at the end of the English Civil War remaining were only bare walls of timber-framed construction which mainly dates to the 15th century although some evidence of the earlier chapel also remains to this day in the form of a 13th-century piscina and sedile. The building was largely rebuilt in a simple Queen Anne style around 1700, paid for by the brother of John Wood, the then minister. Within the church one of two large commemorative memorials to the Wood family, is a marble bust of General Cornelius Wood who as benefactor was responsible for the major restoration of the church at the end of the turn of the 16th century. Wood was also Colonel of the Earl of Plymouth's Regiment of Horse until his death in 1712. His generosity also enabled the chapel to be freed from the control of the Bishop, and Trustees were given autonomy to appoint the incumbent.

Dundridge manor
There is a record of a manor and farm estate at Dundridge (orig. Dunryge) in the 12th century, though possibly on the site of an earlier Saxon settlement. It was part of the lands granted to Missenden Abbey, and the tenant was Henry de Crokesley. Subsequently, the manor came under the control of the Montagu family and later it came into the possession of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury. A lease to Dundridge Manor seems to have been held by William Baldwin (1441 – abt. 1475 or 1479), which his son Robert Baldwin inherited, as evidenced by his payment of 6 shillings and 6 pence in tax upon it in 1525. It may be presumed that the Baldwins leased the manor from its owner, the Countess of Salisbury, and later from Henry VIII. The Countess held the lands until Henry VIII's time, when he seized them from the Abbey and had Margaret Pole beheaded. In 1545, Henry granted Dundridge to Sir John Baldwin who was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Though believed not related to Sir John Baldwin, Dundridge remained in the control of the Baldwin family until 1768, when the fortunes of the Baldwins waned and the house and manor lands were sold in lots.

Dundridge Manor house is recorded to have fallen into disrepair at the time it was disposed of to the Darvill (Darell) family. During the 19th century it passed through marriage to the Jeffrey family. The Rev. John Jeffrey, rector of Barnes, inherited it. After his death, in 1900, the manor house and part of the estate was sold to Robert Green. The Rodwell family lived there, breeding pheasant, until the Second World War when forced by the War Agricultural Executive Committee to relinquish the farm estate. It was purchased by the Matthews family, who have occupied it since then. The house was recorded as Grade II listed in 1983.

A Sylvester Baldwin was born at Dundridge manor around 1602. He subsequently became the tenant of Chapel Farm, part of the Dundridge estate. In 1638, with his wife and children, he set sail for New England on the ship Martin. Though Sylvester did not survive the journey, the Baldwin family successfully settled in the newly established New Haven Colony on land adjacent to the present day Milford, Connecticut, from where it spread out across the continent.

Daniel Bacheler
Daniel Bacheler, sometimes spelt Batchellor, (1572–1619) was born in the village at Chapel Farm. He was a composer of lute music at the Court of Elizabeth I. He was also a servant and courier to Francis Walsingham and the Earl of Essex, particularly when the latter served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. On one occasion he was paid £10 by Elizabeth to act as go-between and deliver letters to Essex. He accompanied Walshingham to the Netherlands to recover and return to England the body of Sir Philip Sidney, Walshingham's son-in-law. Bacheler's close association with court life is evidenced by a contemporary mural of Sidney's funeral procession to St Paul's Cathedral in 1587, which depicts him astride a horse. He is credited with introducing consort music and was a contemporary of John Dowland who was a lutinist at the Court of James I, whilst Bacheler had been elevated to Groom of the Privy Chamber, a position of significant trust as confidant to Anne of Denmark.

Development of the settlement
Around 1700 a number of unlicensed alehouses were opened and soon closed by the constables. The first licensed premise was the White Lion in 1714. Having ceased trading in 2015, an attempt to change use to residential was unsuccessful; and so through until June 2021, the pub premises were being refurbished under new ownership. The Pub is now open and running as a regular local pub, but with a mediterranean food menu. The extensive Commons at St Leonards were enclosed in 1816. St Leonards Parish Hall was built in 1938 behind which there are extensive playing fields. St Leonards National School, which was founded in 1860, across the road from the church, and remained open until 1973 when children of the village transferred to the Hawridge and Cholesbury Church of England School in Hawridge. It is now a private house. Gilberts Hill acquired its name from the post Office and grocers shop, once run by Samuel and Phoebe Gilbert which closed in 1975.

Governance
When civil parishes were established in 1896 the village was assigned to the parish of Aston Clinton and St Leonards. From 1934 St Leonards has formed part of Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards parish which, in addition to St Leonards comprises Cholesbury, Buckland Common and Hawridge

Notable people

 * John Robert Blayney Owen, (1849 - 13 June 1921) who was born in the village, played one international football match for England against Scotland in 1874. He was later ordained and became headmaster of Hawkshead Grammar School.

title: St Leonards, Buckinghamshire


text:
Donna Awatere Huata

Donna Lynn Awatere Huata (sometimes written Awatere-Huata, previously known as Donna Awatere; born 1949) is a former member of the New Zealand Parliament for the ACT New Zealand Party and activist for Māori causes.

Early life
Donna Awatere was born in Rotorua in 1949, and was educated in Auckland. Her primary area of study was education, particularly educational psychology, but she has also undertaken study in operatic singing and film production.

Her father, Colonel Arapeta Awatere DSO MC, was a prominent member of the Māori Battalion who was later elected to the Auckland City Council. In 1969 he was convicted of the murder of his mistress's lover and sent to jail, where he eventually died.

Activism
From the 1970s Awatere became involved in the Māori protest movement, including the group Ngā Tamatoa. She was a leading protester against the 1981 Springbok Tour, and in 1984 she published Maori Sovereignty, which became a key text in the Māori protest movement. During this period she and fellow Maori activist Ripeka Evans went to Communist Cuba. She was also involved in feminist politics, and Maori Sovereignty was originally written for the feminist magazine Broadsheet. She was critical of white feminists who ignored issues of race, and expressed the opinion that the problems facing Māori were more important than those facing women and other marginalised groups. In Maori Sovereignty she is generally critical of the established left.

After the publication of Maori Sovereignty, Awatere retired from protest and became a biculturalism consultant for various organisations, including the New Zealand Treasury and the New Zealand Police. She also imported a children's reading programme, which she later developed and promoted through the Pipi Foundation. During this period she married Wi Huata and changed her surname from Awatere to Awatere Huata.

Member of Parliament
Shortly before the, Awatere Huata joined the ACT New Zealand party. This surprised many commentators, as ACT was not generally associated with the sort of cause that Awatere Huata had previously supported. In a 2019 interview on Māori Television's current affairs programme Te Ao with Moana, Awatere Huata claimed she joined ACT as she supported its educational policy of the funding following the child, as she believed this would make it easier to establish Kura Kaupapa and Kohanga Reo. She described herself as being at the time too "economically naïve to understand [ACT's agenda] was a neoliberal agenda," and said once discovering this she resolved to stay within parliament and "fight from within". In the interview she described going with ACT as being "one step too far".

Awatere Huata was ranked in fourth place on ACT's party list, and stood as a candidate in the Māori electorate of Te Puku O Te Whenua, coming in 4th place. She was not successful in her electorate race, but entered Parliament as a list MP. In the, she polled fifth in but due to her fourth-place ranking on the party's list consequently remained in Parliament. In the, she came 4th in and although she was lowered to fifth place on the list, nevertheless remained in parliament comfortably.

Pipi Foundation Affair
In 2003 Awatere Huata was expelled from the ACT party on allegations of fraud regarding the Pipi Foundation charity, which at the time was under investigation by the Serious Fraud Office. Subsequently, there were a series of legal battles around Awatere Huata's right to remain in parliament as an independent list MP. These culminated in one of the Supreme Court's first major decisions in 2004 and she was removed from Parliament, giving the ACT Party a new MP, Kenneth Wang until the 2005 New Zealand election.

Awatere Huata was charged by the Serious Fraud Office and later convicted of fraud after taking $80,000 from the Pipi Foundation, a Government funded charity, she had set up as an MP in 1999. The media reported that "Some of the stolen money was used to pay for Awatere Huata's stomach stapling operation and some was used to pay state-integrated school fees for the couple's children." On 30 September 2005, she was sentenced to 2 years 9 months in jail alongside her husband, Wi Huata, who received 2 years with the ability to apply for home detention. On 16 May 2006, she was released on home detention and after her sentence was completed in February 2009, she was able to set up a correspondence teaching centre "The Learning Post". In October 2010 another school she and her husband ran was forced to go into liquidation owing large sums of money. NZQA said that many of the courses were inadequately supported. The school had only 15 pupils.

In a 2019 interview with Moana Maniapoto Awatere Huata stated "I am proud of the fact that because of the issues that erupted around me that led to me being expelled from parliament, I actually helped bring down ACT. And that, to me, is a big achievement."

After Parliament
Awatere Huata worked briefly in several roles for New Zealand Māori Council, including administrative support and representing the council at the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. This was followed by a role under Mark Solomon at the Māori Carbon Foundation.

In mid-March 2022, Awatere Huata and her husband Wi Huata were ordered to vacate their home and farm on disputed land in Maraekakaho near Hastings. Justice Christine Grice ruled in favour of the Te Hua Whenua Trust's trustees, who disputed the Huata's lease of the land for the past 35 years. This decision reversed a Maori Land Court ruling and was appealed. The Huata's withdrew their appeal in August 2022 and vacated the land as ordered on 2 February 2024.

Published works

 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Common sense in education."
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Maori client needs of the future."
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Kiwi myth or New Zealand dream?"
 * As part of this Television New Zealand Maori programme (made at the Kokohinau Marae near Te Teko), Awatere Huata was interviewed about her book, My journey  (for details of the book, see below)
 * This is another iteration of the Ashley Heenan recording listed below.
 * The first three parts of this book were originally published in the New Zealand feminist magazine, Broadsheet.
 * "This paper was prepared for the Public Service in a Multicultural Society conference, State Services Commission, March 1982" (p.4).
 * Awatere's contribution is a paper entitled: "Maori Land March, 1975."
 * Awatere Huata (and five other women) was initially interviewed in 1976 for a documentary series: this production is an update on her (and their) life and times.
 * Awatere's contribution is as one of the vocal soloists on the sixth track.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.
 * The first three parts of this book were originally published in the New Zealand feminist magazine, Broadsheet.
 * "This paper was prepared for the Public Service in a Multicultural Society conference, State Services Commission, March 1982" (p.4).
 * Awatere's contribution is a paper entitled: "Maori Land March, 1975."
 * Awatere Huata (and five other women) was initially interviewed in 1976 for a documentary series: this production is an update on her (and their) life and times.
 * Awatere's contribution is as one of the vocal soloists on the sixth track.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.
 * "This paper was prepared for the Public Service in a Multicultural Society conference, State Services Commission, March 1982" (p.4).
 * Awatere's contribution is a paper entitled: "Maori Land March, 1975."
 * Awatere Huata (and five other women) was initially interviewed in 1976 for a documentary series: this production is an update on her (and their) life and times.
 * Awatere's contribution is as one of the vocal soloists on the sixth track.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.
 * Awatere's contribution is a paper entitled: "Maori Land March, 1975."
 * Awatere Huata (and five other women) was initially interviewed in 1976 for a documentary series: this production is an update on her (and their) life and times.
 * Awatere's contribution is as one of the vocal soloists on the sixth track.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.
 * Awatere's contribution is as one of the vocal soloists on the sixth track.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.
 * Awatere Huata's contribution is a paper entitled: "Walking on eggs." This volume has an introduction by Dale Spender.

title: Donna Awatere Huata


text:
Lyra Belacqua

Lyra Belacqua, later known as Lyra Silvertongue, is the heroine of Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials. In His Dark Materials Lyra is a young girl who inhabits a universe parallel to our own. Brought up in the cloistered world of Jordan College, Oxford, she finds herself embroiled in a cosmic war between Lord Asriel on one side, and a deity figure known as The Authority and his Regent, Metatron, on the other. Lyra also features prominently in the subsequent trilogy The Book of Dust.

Background and life
Lyra Belacqua, aged around eleven at the beginning of the trilogy, is the daughter of Lord Asriel and Marisa Coulter in a fictional Oxford, similar to our own. She is being brought up at Jordan College, where the scholars, professors and servants treat her as an adopted daughter. She has been raised believing that her parents died in an airship crash, and that Lord Asriel is her uncle; she later learns the truth from John Faa, leader of the Gyptians. Lyra spends much of her time socialising with other children of the city, sometimes harmoniously, frequently mock-violently, and often in order to avoid schoolwork. Her closest friend among the other children is a Jordan kitchen boy named Roger Parslow, who disappears early in Northern Lights. The search to find Roger, and other children, is Lyra's motivation throughout much of Northern Lights.

Lyra is described as having wavy dirty-blonde hair and pale-blue eyes, and is thin and short for her age. Lyra is unruly and tomboyish and her complete disregard for her appearance and personal hygiene exasperates her adult carers. She receives a scant and haphazard education at the hands of Jordan scholars, being neither interested in study nor officially a student of the college. However, she is highly intelligent, and is particularly talented at deceiving others; she is capable of making up complex yet plausible lies on the spur of the moment. Initially she uses this talent to avoid punishment by her guardians, and to entertain and deceive other children, but later in the series employs it to save her own life and the lives of others. She deceives Iofur Raknison, king of the panserbjørne ("armoured bears" in Danish) of Svalbard, by suggesting that she can become his dæmon if Iofur defeats Iorek in combat. Tricking a panserbjørn was a feat that her friend Iorek Byrnison had believed to be impossible for a human, and her success prompts Iorek to informally christen her "Silvertongue", which is the surname by which she is known in The Secret Commonwealth.

The character's first name comes from Lyra Davidica, which means "harp of David." Lyra Davidica is the title of a hymnal collection, but Pullman mistook it for the author's name of an Easter hymn he liked, as it was printed under the number of the hymn. He later realized it wasn't actually a person’s name, though due to the popularity of the character, it has now become one.

Lyra's surname, Belacqua, is the name of a character in Dante's Divine Comedy, a soul in the ante-purgatory, representing those who wait until the last opportunity before turning to God. The mood in the ante-purgatory is said to be one of helplessness, nostalgia, and yearning – Belacqua and the other souls in ante-purgatory are caught between two worlds and lack clear understanding of themselves. Whether this has any connection to Lyra is not known.

Pantalaimon
Lyra's dæmon, Pantalaimon, is her dearest companion, whom she calls "Pan". In common with dæmons of all children, he can take any animal form he pleases; he first appears in the story as a dark brown moth. His name is a given male name in the Eastern Orthodox world (Παντελεήμων Panteleēmon), which in Greek means "all-compassionate". He changes into many forms throughout the series, ranging from a dragon to an eagle, but his favourite forms are a snow-white ermine, a moth, a wildcat, and a mouse. At the end of the trilogy, as Lyra is entering adulthood, Pantalaimon finds his final form when Will Parry touches him, and is later described as a beautiful pine marten, red-gold in colour with a "patch of cream-white fur" on his throat.

Pantalaimon is portrayed as a cautious and level-headed counterpoint to Lyra's impulsive, inquisitive, and sometimes reckless character.

Lyra must separate from Pantalaimon when she enters the Land of the Dead in The Amber Spyglass, causing extreme pain to both of them; Pantalaimon avoids Lyra for a while afterwards. However, surviving this separation allows the two to move great distances from one another, an ability only witches and shamans generally possess in her world.

Role
In the first novel of His Dark Materials, Northern Lights (known in US and some other countries as The Golden Compass), Serafina Pekkala tells of the prophecy of a girl who is "destined to bring about the end of destiny". The witches' prophecy states that this girl will be able to pick the "correct" cloud-pine branch out of several, as indeed Lyra does. It transpires that Lyra's destiny is to be the second Eve and fall into the temptation of the serpent, represented by Mary Malone. Will Parry and the Dust in the abyss are corrected, and the universes start to work in harmony. In order to ensure the stability of the universes and protect people from the creation of Spectres, Will and Lyra must close all of the inter-world windows with the help of angels and keep them closed forever – and since their dæmons cannot survive long outside of their own birth worlds, they must part forever. Despite this, they decide to sit on the same bench each year for an hour at noon on Midsummer's Day, in the Botanic Gardens in their separate Oxfords – so that they might feel themselves to be in each other's presence. She fulfils her destiny to "bring an end to death" by leading the ghosts out of the world of the dead.

In the most recent edition of The Amber Spyglass released in the UK, the post-script "Lantern Slides" section shows Lyra studying the alethiometer (a rare truth-telling device) with Pantalaimon at age 18. She is excited to start recognising a pattern in the readings, and Pullman tells us that this discovery of a pattern is the "second thing she said to Will next day in the Botanic Garden", implying that the next day was Midsummer's Day, when she and Will would be sitting on the same bench in their separate worlds.

Letters written by Lyra included in the companion book Once Upon a Time in the North reveal that Lyra is researching her dissertation for a M.Phil. in Economic History, showing she is still studying in her twenties. The title of her dissertation is Developments of patterns of trade in the European Arctic region with particular reference to independent balloon carriage (1950–1970). In the first letter, Lyra also mentions that she is continuing to study the alethiometer. Once she finishes her studies, she will be able to read the alethiometer not with grace, as she used to, but with certainty and knowledge.

In other media
In the 1999 unabridged audio production, Lyra was performed by the voice-over actress Jo Wyatt (as Joanna Wyatt).

In a 2003 BBC radio adaptation, Lyra was voiced by child actress Lulu Popplewell.

The National Theatre in London staged a two-part, six-hour-long adaptation of the novels. The production ran in 2003 and 2004; Lyra was played by Anna Maxwell Martin in the first run and by Elaine Symons in the second.

In The Golden Compass, the film adaptation of the first book, Lyra is portrayed by Dakota Blue Richards. British singer/songwriter Kate Bush wrote and recorded a song, "Lyra", for the film which features choristers from Magdalen College School in Oxford.

Dafne Keen plays Lyra in the BBC television adaptation.

title: Lyra Belacqua


text:
Orton, Peterborough

Orton is a suburb of the City of Peterborough, in Cambridgeshire, England, about 3 miles south west of Peterborough city centre to the south of the River Nene. It is located on the route of the A1.

It expanded from the villages of Orton Waterville and Orton Longueville when Peterborough was designated as a new town. It lies in the historic county of Huntingdonshire.

Today, the suburb comprises several areas whose names each begin with Orton, such as Orton Malborne. For electoral purposes it comprises Orton Longueville, Orton Waterville and Orton with Hampton wards in North West Cambridgeshire.

History
Orton was designated the second township in the new town expansion of Peterborough in 1967. It is composed of the ancient villages of Orton Waterville and Orton Longueville, together with the newer developments of Orton Brimbles, Orton Goldhay, Orton Malborne, Orton Southgate, Orton Winyates, Orton Wistow and most recently Orton Northgate. All lie south of the River Nene and are thus historically in Huntingdonshire, but are not in the current local government district of that name.

In common with many New Towns the Ortons are characterised by extensive landscaping and tree planting. The A605 runs through the Ortons, connecting Peterborough to the A1(M) which runs from London to Edinburgh. There is no church in Orton Wistow or Orton Northgate: these both fall within the parish of St Andrew's, Alwalton.

As the Ortons were established, health centres were constructed, initially in Herlington and then at the Orton Centre. For a short time there was also a small branch surgery in Orton Wistow. Due to the expansion of the area and decay of the premises at Herlington, the Orton Wistow surgery was replaced by a new surgery at Clayton, Orton Goldhay.

In 2001 Anglia Regional Co-operative Society closed its Rainbow supermarket at Orton Centre, the only major supermarket serving the Ortons. This was widely assumed to be due to competition from the Tesco Extra which had opened at nearby Serpentine Green in Hampton and the ongoing degeneration of the centre. In October 2008 the Co-operative returned to the Ortons with a new store in the regenerated Orton Centre, now renamed Ortongate.

Orton Brimbles
This is an area of mixed public and private sector housing dating almost entirely from the 1980s. Orton Brimbles contains the Ortons' first and only purpose-built solar powered houses at Gostwick. There is also Ormiston Meadows Academy, formerly Matley Primary School, a mainstream primary school with Enhanced Resources provision for children with physical disabilities.

There is a row of shops, including a post office, at Matley which also has a community centre where the Salvation Army hold Sunday services. Orton Brimbles falls within Orton Waterville Parish Council area.

Orton Goldhay
Orton Goldhay was laid out from the mid-1970s by Peterborough Development Corporation as part of the city's second township. The area is largely residential but contains the district shopping centre known as Orton Centre, and one of the Ortons' two secondary schools, Ormiston Bushfield Academy. Much of the housing here was built for the public sector and originally housed overspill population from London.

Orton Longueville
Until the 1960s, Orton Longueville was a village separated from Peterborough by open farmland. Orton Longueville is home to Nene Park Academy, formerly Orton Longueville School. The 'village' contains many pre-20th-century buildings including Orton Hall, once used as a prisoner of war camp during the Second World War (now a hotel), several thatched cottages, a cricket field and the 13th-century church of Holy Trinity. The church contains many historic monuments to the families who once owned properties in the village, including the Huntlys and Copes, and has a rare wall painting of St Christopher. There is still a village green and close by is a half-mile long plantation of giant redwood wellingtonia trees known as the 'Long Walk'.

Orton Longueville saw many homes built after the Second World War. It is cut through north-south by the Nene Parkway (A1260) constructed in the 1970s. To the west of this road lies the original 'village', and to the east is a housing estate and some light warehousing laid out on former farmland in the latter half of the 20th century. To the north east is a newer housing area known as Botolph Green. There was a separate parish called Botolphbridge until it was combined with Longueville in 1702.

Orton Malborne
Similar in character to Orton Goldhay, this area was also created from the mid-1970s and lies along the dedicated bus route leading to the city centre. There are local shops at Herlington and Eldern, both of which had pubs, The Dragonfly and The Eldern (formerly The Shire Horse). Only the former remains open, the latter having been sold and converted to homes.

There is a purpose-built community centre at Herlington. A second community centre that looks like a 3-storey end of terrace house with attached hall at 156 Leighton was closed by the City Council and sold for private housing in 2009.

In the period since October 1976, five church congregations have met in the area. Christian Presence was first, established as an Anglican and later Methodist plant in a community house and later at Leighton Community Centre before moving to Herlington Community Centre in 2009. The latter has also been home to the Life Tabernacle Apostolic Church, and the building was also used by another Christian Fellowship in the 1980s. Nearby is the purpose-built St.Luke's Roman Catholic church. The Orton Gospel Hall is at the east end of Malborne Way.

There is a primary school at Leighton and one at nearby Winyates also serves the Malborne area. Herlington has a pre-school. The Lime Academy educational trust has a campus hub for children on Malborne Way built on the site of The Tunnel Adventure Playground.

Orton Northgate
The latest addition to 'the Ortons' and the fastest growing, Orton Northgate previously formed part of the East of England Showground site.

Orton Northgate's local Anglican church is St Andrew's, Alwalton.

Orton Southgate
This is mainly a business area containing offices and factories, including ComparetheMarket.com, NCR, Amazon, XL Displays, Yodal and others. It also contains a housing area centred on Dunblane Drive, which was partly built by Persimmon Homes around 1995, and added to by a small group of David Wilson Homes in around 1997.

The East of England Showground sold off some of its land to developers to expand the housing towards Alwalton, linking Dunblane Drive with Loch Lomond Way. However, there was a moratorium on building in October 2008, and as of February 2010 the site remained dormant.

Orton Waterville

One of the original 'Ortons', Orton Waterville also retains a village atmosphere and contains many thatched and stone built cottages and the 13th-century parish church of St Mary's. It once had its own Orton Waterville railway station, but both the station and the line it stood on have now closed.

Orton Wistow
Orton Wistow was laid out during the 1980s by private developers, with the last developments being completed around 1992. This development lies adjacent to the Country Park known as Ferry Meadows and the Nene Valley Railway. There is a primary school called Orton Wistow Primary School.

Transport
Two bus services serve the Ortons. The Citi 1 runs every 10 minutes from Orton to the city centre and continues to Werrington. Route 60 links Orton Malborne with Serpentine Green, Stanground and the City Centre infrequently. Stagecoach Corby also operate Service 23 between Orton Waterville and Peterborough Queensgate bus station and Service 24 between Thrapston/Oundle and Peterborough Queensgate bus station.

title: Orton, Peterborough


text:
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte) is a scientific research institute founded in March 1994. It is dedicated to addressing fundamental questions of the history of knowledge from the Neolithic era to the present day, and its researchers pursue a historical epistemology in their study of how new categories of thought, proof, and experience have emerged in interactions between the sciences and their ambient cultures.

Organization
The MPIWG comprises three departments and several independent research groups. The departments are: Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, who headed Department III from 1995 to 2014, and Lorraine Daston, who headed Department II from 1995 to 2019, remain at the MPIWG as emerita.
 * "Structural Changes in Systems of Knowledge," directed by Jürgen Renn
 * "Knowledge Systems and Collective Life," directed by Etienne Benson
 * "Artifacts, Action, Knowledge," directed by Dagmar Schäfer

The Research Groups are:

 * "Practices of Validation in the Biomedical Sciences," led by Lara Keuck
 * "China in the Global System of Science," led by Anna L. Ahlers
 * "Historical Epistemology of the Final Theory Program," led by Alexander Blum
 * "Experience in the Premodern Sciences of Soul & Body ca. 800–1650," led by Katja Krause

In addition are groups and programs focusing on:

 * Research IT and Digital Humanities
 * Computational History of Science

The institute also comprises doctoral students, and research and teaching cooperations with other institutions worldwide.

Journalists in Residence
The institute has a Journalist-in-Residence program.


text:
Machinae Supremacy

Machinae Supremacy is a Swedish/Finnish band that combines modern heavy metal, power metal and alternative rock with chiptunes. Self-defined as "SID metal", many of their songs use a SidStation that features the SID chip of the Commodore 64. They have released 32 original recordings for free download on their site, with approximately 100,000 downloads a month.

Deus Ex Machinae, the band's first commercial album was released in 2004 through the independent (and now defunct) MbD Records UK. The band released their second studio album, Redeemer, in 2006, and a few more studio albums, with their latest album, Into the Night World, released in December 2016, independently.

Origin: 2000–2001
Machinae Supremacy was formed in Luleå, Sweden during the summer of 2000 by Robert Stjärnström, Kahl Hellmer and Jonas Rörling. The name of the band had existed before this, but it was only a few months later the band decided on a specific style they wanted to pursue. Andreas Gerdin, a long-time friend of Rörling, joined on keyboards and Tobias Malm joined on drums. Together they recorded their first song, "Cryosleep."

Defining an original style and being fans of the Commodore 64, they settled on using the SID chip from the machine in their music, later becoming known by the term "SID metal". They described their music as carrying a vibe of self-confidence, enlightenment and encouragement for people to take control of their own lives.

Promo: 2001–2003
The band saw the Internet as the best way to reach a wider audience, forgoing the traditional method of sending demos to record labels. In 2001 their official website was launched, boasting around nine freely available songs. They distributed their music through the free Vorbis audio codec as well as MP3.

The band attempted to reach out to the Commodore 64 community in an attempt to gain a larger fan base. It was during this time "The Great Gianna Sisters" was released, a cover of the theme to Great Giana Sisters composed by Chris Hülsbeck. Releasing this song onto various Commodore 64 remix sites proved to be instrumental in the band's early success, which was later increased by the follow-up, the Sidology series. Machinae Supremacy would go on to perform their first show abroad, at a nightclub in Soho during the Back in Time Live event.

During 2001, Stjärnström and Hellmer, together with friend Tomi Tauriainen formed the short-lived punk rock side-project, FLAK. Intending to express a political side, only three songs were released; parts of which would later go on to influence Machinae Supremacy songs. From an interview with Stjärnström "FLAK is... aggression and pain! :] It's a band, but it's nothing serious, just a means of expression."

In 2002, Tobias Malm left the band and was replaced by Tomas Nilsén, who is a long-time friend (and previous bandmate in Garden of Concrete ) of Stjärnström's. Over the next few years, they released 25 freely downloadable songs before they began work on their first studio album.

Deus Ex Machinae: 2004–2005
In May 2004, the band announced the release of their first commercial album Deus Ex Machinae through Music By Design Records Ltd. (MbD). The album's first print of 1000 copies sold out within a year, leading to a second print being released in 2005. Shortly after the release of reprint of Deus Ex Machinae, MbD ceased trading and the band were without a record label for the then-in-development second album. This album would not be released until 2006.

The band contributed to other projects that year; they worked on the soundtrack for the video game Jets'n'Guns by RakeInGrass software. The Jets'n'Guns Soundtrack was released for free in December 2004. In that year three of their songs were included in the In the Groove series of dancing games; "Hybrid", "Bouff" and "Cryosleep".

During 2005, the band's focus was directed towards finishing and finding a way to release their second album. "Ghost (Beneath The Surface)" was released, as an outtake from the album.. They collaborated with the German gaming magazine GameStar to produce and release two songs, "Loot Burn Rape Kill Repeat" on 25 June for a World of Warcraft special, and "Multiball" (a medley of themes from the Pinball Dreams series) on 20 November for a Battlefield 2 special.

Later that year, Hellmer moved away from Luleå and could no longer take part in the band. He was replaced by Johan Palovaara.

Redeemer: 2006–2007
Early in 2006, on 9 January, the band was able to release "Sidology Episode II – Trinity", finally completing their "Sidology" series, as well as announce a sister production company Hubnester Industries, which would handle future soundtrack and commissioned work.

On 18 March of that year they were able to independently release their second commercial album, Redeemer through their own merchandise web site and store using Hubnester Industries as their own record label. Then on 27 September that year it was announced they had signed to Spinefarm Records in a 4 album record deal and would remaster and re-release Redeemer to retail on 8 November.

In late 2006 the band, with Hubnester Industries, worked on the soundtrack to the now postponed PC game War Angels, developed by Moonpod, and their third studio album. On 27 November 2006, the band's lineup was changed with the hope of improving the quality of live performances, with Stjärnström's guitar role passing on to Gerdin, allowing Stjärnström to focus solely on vocals, and replacing the keyboard with pre-recorded samples.

In 2007, it was confirmed that the band would produce their first music video for the song "Through The Looking Glass". It was directed by Tomi Tauriainen, and shot by Torbjörn Lindbäck and was released after several delays later that year. It was during this year that the band were asked to perform with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra during the Play! A Video Game Symphony concert in Stockholm, part of the world-tour event featuring music from video games. They played during the song "Dancing Mad" from Final Fantasy VI. Following the success of this concert, they were asked to return to the event in Oslo, Norway with the Norwegian Radio Orchestra and the Oslo Philharmonic Choir where they played, among other songs, Metallica's "One" during a Guitar Hero segment.

Overworld: 2007–2009
On 9 October, shortly after the band released their first music video for the song "Through the Looking Glass", it was announced that Johan Palovaara was leaving the band, "Due to different priorities, Johan Palovaara is now leaving the band to pursue other ambitions." It was later revealed it was over the band's decision to perform at events such as Play!. Johan Hedlund was hired as the band's new bassist.

Production began on the third album, Overworld during 2007. The first radio single from the new album, a cover of Britney Spears' "Gimme More", was premiered on the Finnish station YleX in late November.

The album was released on 13 February 2008. Later in the year after a web site redesign the Vorbis audio files were replaced with lossless FLAC files. In October the band released a cover of the title theme from the 1988 video game Bionic Commando for the game's sequel.

In August 2009, Nilsén departed the band due to "personal issues". He was replaced by Niklas Karvonen in October 2009.

A View from the End of the World: 2010–2011
The band released their fourth studio album, A View from the End of the World, on 3 November 2010. The video for the song "Force Feedback" was later released in 2011.

In early 2011 the band toured Europe supporting Children of Bodom on their Ugly World Tour. A UK-only best of compilation, The Beat of Our Decay, was released on 28 March 2011 to support the tour. After four years of membership, Hedlund left the band on 19 June 2011; Gerdin switched to bass to fill his spot and Stjärstrom returned to performing his role as the band's rhythm guitarist. The band did not release an official statement regarding his reasons.

Rise of a Digital Nation: 2012–2013

The fifth studio album of Machinae Supremacy, Rise of a Digital Nation, was released on 19 October 2012. It was featured on the controversial Swedish file-sharing website The Pirate Bay, leading to a significant increase in the band's online profile.

On 5 December 2012, Machinae Supremacy announced on their official Facebook page that Tomi Luoma would be joining the band as their rhythm guitarist, first appearing with them on 10 January 2013.

A music video was made for the album's opening track "All of My Angels" to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Doctor Who.

In 2013, Machinae Supremacy announced that they were working on a new album, due for release in 2014, and launched a fundraiser through their own website for a headlining European tour. The fundraiser, which deadline was extended several times, lasted from 22 September 2013 to 12 January 2014, collecting over €37000 from more than 350 single donations. As a result, twelve different European countries were "unlocked", in which a tour is planned to take place during 2014.

On 4 January 2014, Machinae Supremacy played their first show in the United States at MAGFest 12, a Music and Gaming Festival in Washington, DC.

Phantom Shadow: 2014–2015
On 14 March 2014, Robert Stjärnström announced that the "release [of the new album] won't be until August." The new album, titled Phantom Shadow, was released on 22 August 2014.

On 9 September 2015, Machinae Supremacy announced on their Facebook page that they would have to cancel shows on the rest of their tour in Germany and the UK. Stating that "On the morning of September 5th our bus driver Stefan, Gordon's [Gerdin] father, suffered a stroke while driving between Turku to Tampere, Finland". Whilst no one was hurt in the highway collision, the driver was rushed to hospital, and they played three further shows before announcing that the rest of the tour would not go ahead.

Into the Night World: 2016–present
The seventh studio album of Machinae Supremacy, Into the Night World, was released on 16 December 2016 independently on the band's own label, Hubnester Records.

Members

 * Current members
 * Robert "Gaz" Stjärnström – lead vocals (2000–present), rhythm guitar (2000–2006, 2011–2013)
 * Jonas "Gibli" Rörling – lead guitar, backing vocals (2000–present)
 * Andreas "Gordon" Gerdin – keyboards, backing vocals (2000–present, studio only since 2006), rhythm guitar (2006–2011), bass (2011–present)
 * Niklas "Nicky" Karvonen – drums (2009–present)
 * Tomi Luoma – rhythm guitar (2013–present)

 * Former members
 * Kahl Hellmer – bass (2000–2005)
 * Johan "Poe" Palovaara – bass (2005–2007)
 * Tobias "Tobbe" Malm – drums (2000–2002)
 * Tomas "Tom" Nilsén – drums (2002–2009)
 * Johan "Dezo" Hedlund – bass (2007–2011)

Studio albums
"Origin", "Arcade", and "Fury" are actually compilations of webography tracks originally released via website. "Jets'n'Guns Soundtrack" is the soundtrack album for the video game Jets'n'Guns.

Webography
Promotional tracks are released as free downloads on the band's website. These tracks have been compiled into 3 albums; Origin, Arcade, and Fury. Songs listed by year originally released.

2000
 * "Cryosleep" – 5:49

2001
 * "Anthem Apocalyptica" – 3:25
 * "Arcade" – 5:50
 * "Fighters from Ninne" – 3:05
 * "Follower" – 3:18
 * "The Great Gianna Sisters" – 4:34
 * "Hero" – 4:26
 * "I Turn to You" – 5:19
 * "March of the Undead Part II" – 4:30
 * "Missing Link" – 4:34
 * "Origin" – 4:39
 * "Sidstyler" – 3:15
 * "The Wired" – 4:42
 * "Timeline" – 4:37

2002
 * "Attack Music" – 3:45
 * "Earthbound" – 4:50
 * "Hubnester Inferno" – 4:15
 * "Hybrid" – 3:56
 * "Kings of the Scene" – 3:29
 * "Masquerade" – 4:54
 * "Nemesis" – 4:57
 * "Sidology 1 – Sid Evolution" – 5:48
 * "Sidology 3 – Apex Ultima" – 7:00
 * "Winterstorm" – 3:59

2003
 * "Bouff" – 3:16

2004
 * "Legion of Stoopid" – 4:52
 * "Soundtrack to the Rebellion" – 5:56

2005
 * "Ghost (Beneath the Surface)" – 5:15
 * "Loot Burn Rape Kill Repeat" – 2:41
 * "Multiball" – 6:45
 * "Steve's Quest" – 3:21

2006
 * "Sidology 2 – Trinity" – 12:50

2007
 * "Fury 2007" – 5:10

2008
 * "Bionic Commando" – 1:57

2016
 * "Gerudo Valley (from Ocarina of Time)" – 2:35

title: Machinae Supremacy


text:
Chen Chen (poet)

Chen Chen (, born March 9, 1989) is an American poet. His book, When I Grow Up I Want to Be a List of Further Possibilities, was longlisted for the 2017 National Book Award for Poetry. Chen serves on the poetry faculty for the low-residency MFA programs at New England College and Stonecoast. He served as Jacob Ziskind Poet-in-Residence at Brandeis University from 2018-2022.

Life
Chen was born in Xiamen, China and grew up in Massachusetts. After graduating from Newton North High School, he received his B.A. in creative writing and Asian/Pacific/American Studies at Hampshire College in 2011, and his M.F.A. from Syracuse University in 2014. Chen completed his Ph.D. in English and creative writing at Texas Tech University, where he was a part-time instructor in composition.

His work has appeared in Poetry, The Massachusetts Review, Drunken Boat, Best of the Net, The Best American Poetry, The Academy of American Poets, and elsewhere. He has served as a poetry editor for Salt Hill Journal, and currently serves as editor-in-chief of Underblong and managing editor for Iron Horse Review. He also edits "the lickety split", a Twitter-based journal that "only publishes poems that fit in a single tweet", alongside his fictional assistant editor Gudetama the Egg.

Awards and fellowships

 * 2014 A. Poulin, Jr. Poetry Prize
 * 2014 New Delta Review's Matt Clark Award in Poetry
 * 2015 Finalist, Poetry Foundation's Ruth Lilly and Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Poetry Fellowships
 * 2016 Kundiman Fellow
 * 2017 Longlisted, National Book Award
 * 2018 Finalist, Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry
 * 2018 Great Lakes Colleges Association (GLCA) New Writers Award
 * 2018 Thom Gunn Award for Gay Poetry
 * 2019 Pushcart Prize
 * 2019 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Literature
 * 2023 American Library Association Notable Books for Adults List

Books

 * Set the Garden on Fire (Porkbelly Press, 2015)
 * Kissing the Sphinx (Two of Cups Press, 2016)
 * When I Grow Up I Want to be a List of Further Possibilities (New York: BOA Editions, 2017)
 * Your Emergency Contact Has Experienced an Emergency (New York: BOA Editions, September 2022)
 * Explodingly Yours (Ghost City Press, 2023)

In anthology
 * Ghost Fishing: An Eco-Justice Poetry Anthology (University of Georgia Press, 2018)

title: Chen Chen (poet)