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List of EGOT winners

EGOT, an acronym for the Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Awards, is the designation given to people who have won all four of the major American performing art awards. Respectively, these awards honor outstanding achievements in television, audio recording, film, and Broadway theatre. Achieving the EGOT has been referred to as the "grand slam" of American show business. Nineteen people have achieved competitive EGOT status and six others have done so with honorary or special awards. In 2018, Robert Lopez became the first and currently only double EGOT winner. Richard Rodgers and Marvin Hamlisch are the only two individuals to win PEGOT -- the four EGOT awards plus a Pulitzer Prize.

Background
The EGOT acronym was coined by actor Philip Michael Thomas in late 1984. While starring in Miami Vice, he stated a desire to achieve the EGOT within five years. The acronym gained wider recognition following a 2009 episode of 30 Rock that introduced EGOT status as a recurring plotline.

In 2023, TheaterMania writer Zachary Stewart criticized the practice of "selling" producer credits for shows favored to win a Tony as a "shortcut" to EGOT status. He drew a distinction between the producers who actually do the work of organizing the production of a show and investing producers who merely help finance it, often late in the award season.

Non-competitive EGOT
Notes

Richard Rodgers

American composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) received his fourth distinct award in 1962. Between 1946 and 1979, Rodgers received a total of 10 competitive awards. He was the first person to win all four and was primarily a composer.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1946: Best Song – "It Might as Well Be Spring" (from State Fair)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1962: Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composed for Television – Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1961: Best Show Album (Original Cast) – The Sound of Music
 * 2) 1963: Best Original Cast Show Album – No Strings

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1950: Best Musical – South Pacific
 * 2) 1950: Producers (Musical) – South Pacific
 * 3) 1950: Best Score – South Pacific
 * 4) 1952: Best Musical – The King and I
 * 5) 1960: Best Musical – The Sound of Music
 * 6) 1962: Best Composer – No Strings

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1962: Special Tony Award "for all he has done for young people in the theatre and for taking the men of the orchestra out of the pit and putting them onstage in No Strings"
 * 2) 1972: Special Tony Award
 * 3) 1979: Special Tony Award, Lawrence Langner Memorial Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in the American Theatre

Helen Hayes

American actress Helen Hayes (1900–1993) received her fourth distinct award in 1977. Between 1932 and 1980, Hayes received a total of six competitive awards. She was the first woman and the first performer to win all four. Hayes was also the first person to win the Triple Crown of Acting, with individual acting wins in each of the Emmy, Oscar, and Tony awards, winning her third in 1953. Counting only the first award of each type, she also has the longest interval (45 years) between her first and fourth award of any EGOT winner.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1932: Best Actress in a Leading Role – The Sin of Madelon Claudet
 * 2) 1971: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Airport

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1953: Best Actress – Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (Episode: "Not a Chance")

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1977: Best Spoken Word Recording – Great American Documents

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1947: Best Actress in a Play – Happy Birthday
 * 2) 1958: Best Leading Actress in a Play – Time Remembered

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1980: Special Tony Award, Lawrence Langner Memorial Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in the American Theatre

Rita Moreno

Puerto Rican actress, dancer, and singer Rita Moreno (born 1931) received her fourth distinct award in 1977. Between 1961 and 1978, Moreno received a total of five awards. She is also the first Latina winner and the first winner to win a Grammy as their second award (both previous winners won Tonys as their second award). In addition, she became a Kennedy Center Honoree in 2015 and a Peabody Award winner in 2019. Moreno also became the second person and the first Hispanic actress to win the Triple Crown of Acting.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1962: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – West Side Story

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1977: Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Variety or Music – The Muppet Show (Episode: "Rita Moreno")
 * 2) 1978: Outstanding Lead Actress for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series – The Rockford Files (Episode: "The Paper Palace")

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1973: Best Recording for Children – The Electric Company

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1975: Best Featured Actress in a Play – The Ritz

John Gielgud

English actor and theatre director John Gielgud (1904–2000) received his fourth distinct award in 1991. Between 1948 and 1991, Gielgud received a total of five competitive awards. Gielgud was the first winner to win any award other than the Oscar as their first award (his first award was a Tony). At age 87 when he won his Emmy, he also became the oldest winner, the first male performer, the first LGBT winner, and the first non-American.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1982: Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Arthur

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1991: Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Special – Summer's Lease

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1980: Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama Recording – Ages of Man

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1948: Outstanding Foreign Company – The Importance of Being Earnest
 * 2) 1961: Best Director of a Drama – Big Fish, Little Fish

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1959: Special Tony Award "for contribution to theatre for his extraordinary insight into the writings of Shakespeare as demonstrated in his one-man play Ages of Man"

Audrey Hepburn

British actress and humanitarian Audrey Hepburn (1929–1993) received her fourth distinct award posthumously in 1994. Between 1954 and 1994, Hepburn received a total of four competitive awards. She was the fifth person to complete the feat and the first to do so posthumously. She was also the first winner to win two of their awards in consecutive awards shows (the 1994 Grammys were the first Grammys since her posthumous win at the 1993 Emmys). She is the only EGOT winner to not win multiple awards in any of the four award fields.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1954: Best Actress in a Leading Role – Roman Holiday

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1993: Outstanding Individual Achievement – Informational Programming – Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1994: Best Spoken Word Album for Children – Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1954: Distinguished Dramatic Actress – Ondine

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1968: Special Tony Award
 * 2) 1993: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award

Marvin Hamlisch

American composer and conductor Marvin Hamlisch (1944–2012) received his fourth distinct award in 1995. Between 1974 and 2001, Hamlisch received a total of 12 competitive awards. Before Alan Menken joined the group in 2020, Hamlisch had the most Oscars of any EGOT winner (three - all won in the same year). In 1974 he would win "General Field" Grammys, taking Song of the Year and Best New Artist, making him first EGOT to have this distinction. Hamlisch was also the first EGOT winner to have won multiple, qualifying awards for the same work – both an Oscar and a Grammy for the song "The Way We Were".

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1974: Best Original Dramatic Score – The Way We Were
 * 2) 1974: Best Scoring: Original Song Score and Adaptation or Scoring: Adaptation – The Sting
 * 3) 1974: Best Song – "The Way We Were" (from The Way We Were)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1995: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Direction – Barbra: The Concert
 * 2) 1995: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music and Lyrics – "Ordinary Miracles" (from Barbra: The Concert)
 * 3) 1999: Outstanding Music and Lyrics – "A Ticket to Dream" from AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies
 * 4) 2001: Outstanding Music Direction – Timeless: Live in Concert

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1975: Best New Artist
 * 2) 1975: Song of the Year – "The Way We Were"
 * 3) 1975: Best Pop Instrumental Performance – "The Entertainer"
 * 4) 1975: Album of Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special – The Way We Were: Original Soundtrack Recording

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1976: Best Musical Score – A Chorus Line

Jonathan Tunick
American orchestrator, musical director, and composer Jonathan Tunick (born 1938) received his fourth distinct award in 1997. Between 1977 and 2024, Tunick received a total of five awards. Tunick is the first EGOT winner to have won an Emmy as their second award as well as the first to win the Tony as their fourth award.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1978: Best Original Song Score and Its Adaptation or Adaptation Score – A Little Night Music

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1982: Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction – Night of 100 Stars

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1989: Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) – "No One is Alone" (vocals by Cleo Laine)

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1997: Best Orchestrations – Titanic
 * 2) 2024: Best Orchestrations – Merrily We Roll Along

Mel Brooks

American actor, comedian, and filmmaker Mel Brooks (born 1926) received his fourth distinct award in June 2001. Between 1968 and 2002, Brooks received a total of 11 awards. Brooks was the first person to win the Emmy as the first award, and the first winner to have won his Oscar for screenwriting.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1969: Best Story and Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen – The Producers

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1967: Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety – The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, Howard Morris Special
 * 2) 1997: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Mad About You (Episodes: "The Grant" and "The Penis")
 * 3) 1998: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Mad About You (Episode: "Uncle Phil and the Coupons")
 * 4) 1999: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Mad About You (Episode: "Uncle Phil Goes Back to High School")

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1999: Best Spoken Comedy Album – The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000
 * 2) 2002: Best Long Form Music Video – Recording 'The Producers': A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks
 * 3) 2002: Best Musical Show Album – The Producers

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2001: Best Musical – The Producers
 * 2) 2001: Best Book of a Musical – The Producers
 * 3) 2001: Best Original Score – The Producers

 * Special Awards
 * 1) 2023: Academy Honorary Award – "Mel Brooks lights up our hearts with his humor, and his legacy has made a lasting impact on every facet of entertainment."

Brooks is one of only two people to have two awards of each type, though unlike the other (Robert Lopez) one of Brooks's Oscars was honorary. When he appeared on the January 30, 2015 episode of Real Time with Bill Maher, Brooks called himself an EGOTAK, noting that he had also received awards from the American Film Institute and Kennedy Center.

Mike Nichols

American film and theater director, producer, actor, and comedian Mike Nichols (1931–2014) received his fourth distinct award in November 2001. Between 1961 and 2012, Nichols received a total of 15 awards. Nichols was the first EGOT winner to win the Grammy as their first award, the first winner to have won multiple awards for directing (an Oscar, several Tonys, and two Emmys). When counting all awards won—not just the first of each type—Nichols has the longest timespan of awards among EGOT winners, at 51 years.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1968: Best Director – The Graduate

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2001: Outstanding Made for Television Movie – Wit
 * 2) 2001: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or a Movie – Wit
 * 3) 2004: Outstanding Miniseries – Angels in America
 * 4) 2004: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special – Angels in America

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1962: Best Comedy Performance – An Evening with Mike Nichols and Elaine May

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1964: Best Direction of a Play – Barefoot in the Park
 * 2) 1965: Best Direction of a Play – Luv and The Odd Couple
 * 3) 1968: Best Direction of a Play – Plaza Suite
 * 4) 1972: Best Direction of a Play – The Prisoner of Second Avenue
 * 5) 1977: Best Musical – Annie
 * 6) 1984: Best Play – The Real Thing
 * 7) 1984: Best Direction of a Play – The Real Thing
 * 8) 2005: Best Direction of a Musical – Monty Python's Spamalot
 * 9) 2012: Best Direction of a Play – Death of a Salesman

Whoopi Goldberg

American actress, comedian and author Whoopi Goldberg (born 1955) received her fourth distinct award in 2002. Between 1985 and 2009, she received a total of five competitive awards. Goldberg is the first African American winner, the first to win the Oscar as their second award, and the third person after Audrey Hepburn (1954) and Marvin Hamlisch (1974) to win two of their qualifying awards in the same year (she won both her Tony and her first competitive Emmy in 2002).

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1991: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Ghost

 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2002: Outstanding Special Class Special – Beyond Tara: The Extraordinary Life of Hattie McDaniel
 * 2) 2009: Outstanding Talk Show Host – The View

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1986: Best Comedy Recording – Whoopi Goldberg (Original Broadway Show Recording)

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2002: Best Musical – Thoroughly Modern Millie

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1997: Special Emmy Award, Governors Award, for the seven Comic Relief Benefit Specials

Scott Rudin

American film, television, and theatre producer Scott Rudin (born 1958) received his fourth distinct award in 2012. Between 1984 and 2021, Rudin received a total of 21 awards, tying with Alan Menken for winning the most competitive EGOT awards. Rudin is the first winner who is primarily a producer.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2008: Best Picture – No Country for Old Men

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1984: Outstanding Children's Program – He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 2012: Best Musical Theater Album – The Book of Mormon: Original Broadway Cast Recording

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1994: Best Musical – Passion
 * 2) 2000: Best Play – Copenhagen
 * 3) 2002: Best Play – The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?
 * 4) 2005: Best Play – Doubt
 * 5) 2006: Best Play – The History Boys
 * 6) 2009: Best Play – God of Carnage
 * 7) 2010: Best Revival of a Play – Fences
 * 8) 2011: Best Musical – The Book of Mormon
 * 9) 2012: Best Revival of a Play – Death of a Salesman
 * 10) 2014: Best Revival of a Play – A Raisin in the Sun
 * 11) 2015: Best Play – The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
 * 12) 2015: Best Revival of a Play – Skylight
 * 13) 2016: Best Play – The Humans
 * 14) 2016: Best Revival of a Play – A View From the Bridge
 * 15) 2017: Best Revival of a Musical – Hello, Dolly!
 * 16) 2019: Best Play – The Ferryman
 * 17) 2019: Best Revival of a Play – The Boys in the Band
 * 18) 2021: Best Play – The Inheritance

Robert Lopez

American songwriter Robert Lopez (born 1975) received his fourth distinct award in 2014. Between 2004 and 2022, he received a total of 12 awards. He is the first Filipino and Asian to achieve this feat. He is the youngest winner to receive all four awards in competitive categories, as well as the fastest to complete his qualifying run of EGOT wins (9 years, 8 months). Lopez is the first person to win each EGOT award twice. He is currently the only winner to have two of each EGOT award in competitive categories, as Mel Brooks' second Oscar in 2023 was a special award. His second series of wins set a new shortest interval of 7 years, 8 months (June 27th, 2010 Emmy through March 4th, 2018 Academy Award).

His first two Emmys were Daytime Emmys followed by a Primetime Emmy in 2021 for WandaVision. He is the only EGOT recipient to follow a Daytime Emmy win with a subsequent Primetime Emmy.

Lopez received his Grammy Award for The Book of Mormon in collaboration with fellow EGOT winner Scott Rudin (among others), making them the first pair of EGOT winners to co-win the same award. Lopez is also the first person to have won the Oscar last, a prize he shared then and again in 2018 with his wife Kristen Anderson-Lopez. As of 2023, Kristen Anderson-Lopez lacks only a Tony to achieve EGOT status in her own right.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2014: Best Original Song – "Let It Go" (from Frozen)
 * 2) 2018: Best Original Song – "Remember Me" (from Coco)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2021: Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics – "Agatha All Along" (from WandaVision)

 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2008: Outstanding Music Direction and Composition – Wonder Pets!
 * 2) 2010: Outstanding Music Direction and Composition – Wonder Pets!

 * Children's and Family Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2022: Outstanding Short Form Program – We the People

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 2012: Best Musical Theater Album – The Book of Mormon: Original Broadway Cast Recording
 * 2) 2015: Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media – Frozen
 * 3) 2015: Best Song Written for Visual Media – "Let It Go" (from Frozen)

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2004: Best Original Score – Avenue Q
 * 2) 2011: Best Book of a Musical – The Book of Mormon
 * 3) 2011: Best Original Score – The Book of Mormon

Andrew Lloyd Webber

English composer and impresario of musical theatre Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 1948) received his fourth distinct award in 2018. Between 1980 and 2018, Lloyd Webber received a total of 11 competitive awards. On September 9, 2018, Lloyd Webber, John Legend, and Tim Rice all simultaneously became EGOTs when they were collectively awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live) for Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1997: Best Original Song – "You Must Love Me" (from Evita)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2018: Outstanding Variety Special (Live) – Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1981: Best Cast Show Album – Evita
 * 2) 1984: Best Cast Show Album – Cats
 * 3) 1986: Best Contemporary Composition – Requiem

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1980: Best Original Score – Evita
 * 2) 1983: Best Musical – Cats
 * 3) 1983: Best Original Score – Cats
 * 4) 1988: Best Musical – The Phantom of the Opera
 * 5) 1995: Best Musical – Sunset Boulevard
 * 6) 1995: Best Original Score – Sunset Boulevard

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1990: Grammy Legend Award
 * 2) 2018: Special Tony Award

Tim Rice

English lyricist and librettist Tim Rice (born 1944) received his fourth distinct award in 2018. Between 1980 and 2018, Rice received a total of 12 awards, and shares all of his awards with fellow EGOTs Andrew Lloyd Webber, Alan Menken, John Legend, and Elton John. On September 9, 2018, Lloyd Webber, Legend, and Rice all simultaneously became EGOTs when they were collectively awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live) for Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1993: Best Original Song – "A Whole New World" (from Aladdin)
 * 2) 1995: Best Original Song – "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (from The Lion King)
 * 3) 1997: Best Original Song – "You Must Love Me" (from Evita)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2018: Outstanding Variety Special (Live) – Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1981: Best Cast Show Album – Evita
 * 2) 1994: Song of the Year – "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)"
 * 3) 1994: Best Musical Album for Children – Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * 4) 1994: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)" (from Aladdin)
 * 5) 2001: Best Musical Show Album – Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1980: Best Book of a Musical – Evita
 * 2) 1980: Best Original Score – Evita
 * 3) 2000: Best Original Score – Aida

John Legend

American singer, songwriter, pianist, and record producer John Legend (born 1978) received his fourth distinct award in 2018. Between 2006 and 2022, Legend received a total of 18 awards. Legend has won the most Grammy Awards, 12, of any competitive EGOT recipient. In addition to being the first black man to achieve EGOT status, Legend is the first person to receive the four awards in four consecutive years. John was also the first EGOT recipient to have won both a competitive Primetime and Daytime Emmy Award, an accomplishment matched by Robert Lopez in 2021. Legend, Andrew Lloyd Webber, and Tim Rice all simultaneously became EGOTs on September 9, 2018, when they were collectively awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live) for Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2015: Best Original Song – "Glory" (from Selma)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2018: Outstanding Variety Special (Live) – Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2019: Outstanding Interactive Media for a Daytime Program – Crow: The Legend
 * 2) 2022: Outstanding Daytime Special – Shelter Me: Soul Awakened
 * 3) 2022: Outstanding Short Form Daytime Program – Cornerstones: Founding Voices of the Black Church

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 2006: Best New Artist
 * 2) 2006: Best R&B Album – Get Lifted
 * 3) 2006: Best Male R&B Vocal Performance – "Ordinary People"
 * 4) 2007: Best Male R&B Vocal Performance – "Heaven"
 * 5) 2007: Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals – "Family Affair"
 * 6) 2009: Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals – "Stay with Me (By the Sea)"
 * 7) 2011: Best R&B Song – "Shine"
 * 8) 2011: Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance – "Hang on in There"
 * 9) 2011: Best R&B Album – Wake Up!
 * 10) 2016: Best Song Written for Visual Media – "Glory" (from Selma)
 * 11) 2020: Best Rap/Sung Performance – "Higher"
 * 12) 2021: Best R&B Album – Bigger Love

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2017: Best Revival of a Play – Jitney

Alan Menken

American composer Alan Menken (born 1949) received his fourth distinct award in 2020. Between 1990 and 2020, Menken received a total of 21 competitive awards, tying with Scott Rudin for the most awards to individuals whose EGOT status was achieved solely by competitive wins. If Menken's special (non-competitive) Emmy Award is counted, he becomes the fully competing EGOT with the most overall awards. If EGOT status is recognized without regard to any qualifying awards being non-competitive, then Quincy Jones holds the record with his 30 fully competitive awards, including 29 Grammys.

Alan Menken has the most Oscar wins (8) by an EGOT.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1990: Best Original Score – The Little Mermaid
 * 2) 1990: Best Original Song – "Under the Sea" (from The Little Mermaid)
 * 3) 1992: Best Original Score – Beauty and the Beast
 * 4) 1992: Best Original Song – "Beauty and the Beast" (from Beauty and the Beast)
 * 5) 1993: Best Original Score – Aladdin
 * 6) 1993: Best Original Song – "A Whole New World" (from Aladdin)
 * 7) 1996: Best Original Musical or Comedy Score – Pocahontas
 * 8) 1996: Best Original Song – "Colors of the Wind" (from Pocahontas)

 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2020: Outstanding Original Song in a Children's, Young Adult or Animated Program – "Waiting in the Wings" (from Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure)

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1991: Best Recording for Children – The Little Mermaid: Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack
 * 2) 1991: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "Under the Sea" (from The Little Mermaid)
 * 3) 1993: Best Album for Children – Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * 4) 1993: Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television – Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * 5) 1993: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "Beauty and the Beast" (from Beauty and the Beast)
 * 6) 1994: Song of the Year – "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)" (from Aladdin)
 * 7) 1994: Best Musical Album for Children – Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * 8) 1994: Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television – Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * 9) 1994: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)" (from Aladdin)
 * 10) 1996: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "Colors of the Wind" (from Pocahontas)
 * 11) 2012: Best Song Written for Visual Media – "I See the Light" (from Tangled)

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2012: Best Original Score – Newsies

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1990: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Contribution to the success of the academy's anti-drug special for children – "Wonderful Ways to Say No" from the TV special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue

Jennifer Hudson

American singer, actress, talk show host, and producer Jennifer Hudson (born 1981) received her fourth distinct award in 2022. Hudson received a total of five competitive awards between 2007 and 2022, making her the youngest competitive female EGOT to date.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2007: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Dreamgirls

 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2021: Outstanding Interactive Media for a Daytime Program – Baba Yaga

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 2009: Best R&B Album – Jennifer Hudson
 * 2) 2017: Best Musical Theater Album – The Color Purple

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2022: Best Musical – A Strange Loop

Viola Davis

American actress and producer Viola Davis (born 1965) received her fourth distinct award in 2023. Between 2001 and 2023, Davis received a total of five competitive awards becoming the eighteenth person to competitively win each of the four awards. Davis acknowledged her new EGOT status while accepting her 2023 Grammy. Davis also became the third person and the first African American actress to win the Triple Crown of Acting.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2017: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Fences

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2015: Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series – How to Get Away with Murder

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 2023: Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording – Finding Me

 * Tony Awards
 * 1) 2001: Best Featured Actress in a Play – King Hedley II
 * 2) 2010: Best Leading Actress in a Play – Fences

Elton John

English singer, composer, pianist, and producer Elton John (born 1947) received his fourth distinct award in 2024. Between 1987 and 2024, John received a total of nine competitive awards becoming the nineteenth person to competitively win each of the four awards.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1995: Best Original Song – "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (from The Lion King)
 * 2) 2020: Best Original Song – "(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again" (from Rocketman)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2024: Outstanding Variety Special (Live) – Elton John: Farewell from Dodger Stadium

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1987: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal – "That's What Friends Are For"
 * 2) 1992: Best Instrumental Composition – "Basque"
 * 3) 1995: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance – "Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
 * 4) 1998: Best Male Pop Vocal Performance – "Candle in the Wind 1997"
 * 5) 2001: Best Musical Show Album – Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2000: Best Original Score – Aida

 * Special Awards:
 * 1) 1999: Grammy Legend Award

Non-competitive EGOT synopsis
Six additional artists have received all four awards, though one was bestowed for an honorary or similar non-competitive distinction: Barbra Streisand does not have a competitive Tony; Liza Minnelli does not have a competitive Grammy; and Harry Belafonte, James Earl Jones, Quincy Jones, and Frank Marshall are all without a competitive Oscar.

Barbra Streisand

American singer, actress, and director Barbra Streisand (born 1942) received her fourth distinct award in 1970. Between 1963 and 2001, Streisand received a total of 18 awards, three of which were non-competitive. Having obtained her fourth award with a special Tony at age 28, she is the youngest special EGOT winner. With just six years elapsing between her first award, a 1964 Grammy, and her 1970 Tony, Streisand held the record for completing the fastest special EGOT until 2023 when Frank Marshall did so within four years. Streisand is the only EGOT to win an Oscar in both a music and an acting category. She is the only winner to have three competitive awards for debut performances: first studio album, first feature film, and first television special. Additional distinctions include the Peabody Award, the AFI Life Achievement Award, the Kennedy Center Honor, the Cecil B. DeMille Award, the National Medal of Arts, the American Society of Cinematographers Board of Governors Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1969: Best Actress in a Leading Role – Funny Girl
 * 2) 1977: Best Original Song – "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)" (from A Star Is Born)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1965: Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment – Actors and Performers – My Name is Barbra
 * 2) 1995: Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – Barbra Streisand: The Concert
 * 3) 1995: Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special – Barbra Streisand: The Concert
 * 4) 2001: Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – Timeless: Live in Concert
 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2001: Outstanding Special Class Special – Reel Models: The First Women of Film

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1964: Best Vocal Performance, Female – The Barbra Streisand Album
 * 2) 1964: Album of the Year (Other Than Classical) – The Barbra Streisand Album
 * 3) 1965: Best Vocal Performance, Female – "People"
 * 4) 1966: Best Vocal Performance, Female – My Name Is Barbra
 * 5) 1978: Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female – "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
 * 6) 1978: Song of the Year – "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
 * 7) 1981: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal – "Guilty" (with Barry Gibb)
 * 8) 1987: Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female – The Broadway Album
 * 9) 1992: Grammy Legend Award (non-competitive)
 * 10) 1995: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (non-competitive)

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1970: Special Tony Award: Star of the Decade (non-competitive)

Liza Minnelli

American actress, singer, dancer, and choreographer Liza Minnelli (born 1946) received her fourth distinct award in 1990. Between 1965 and 2009, Minnelli received a total of seven awards, two of which were special.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1973: Best Actress in a Leading Role – Cabaret

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1973: Outstanding Single Program − Variety and Popular Music – Liza with a 'Z'. A Concert for Television

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1990: Grammy Legend Award (non-competitive)

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1965: Best Leading Actress in a Musical – Flora the Red Menace
 * 2) 1974: Special Tony Award for "adding luster to the Broadway season" (non-competitive)
 * 3) 1978: Best Leading Actress in a Musical – The Act
 * 4) 2009: Best Special Theatrical Event – Liza's at The Palace...!

James Earl Jones

American actor James Earl Jones (born 1931) received his fourth distinct award in 2011. Between 1969 and 2017, Jones received a total of eight awards, two of which were special.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2011: Academy Honorary Award (non-competitive)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1991: Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series – Gabriel's Fire
 * 2) 1991: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special – Heat Wave

 * Daytime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2000: Outstanding Performer − Children's Special – Summer's End

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1977: Best Spoken Word Recording – Great American Documents

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1969: Best Leading Actor in a Play – The Great White Hope
 * 2) 1987: Best Leading Actor in a Play – Fences
 * 3) 2017: Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre (non-competitive)

Harry Belafonte

American singer, activist, and actor Harry Belafonte (1927–2023) received his fourth distinct award in 2014. Between 1954 and 2014, Belafonte received a total of six awards, including a Grammy Hall of Fame Award and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Oscar (six special awards).

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2014: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (non-competitive)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1960: Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – Tonight with Belafonte – The Revlon Revue

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1961: Best Performance – Folk – Swing Dat Hammer
 * 2) 1966: Best Folk Performance – An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba
 * 3) 2000: Grammy Hall of Fame Award

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 1954: Distinguished Supporting or Featured Musical Actor – John Murray Anderson's Almanac

Quincy Jones

American record producer, musician, songwriter, composer, arranger, and film and television producer Quincy Jones (born 1933) received his fourth distinct award in 2016. Between 1964 and 2024, Jones received a total of 33 awards — the highest number so far of any EGOT winner. He competed for and won 28 Grammys, one Tony, and one Emmy, also receiving a special Grammy Legend Award and two special Oscars (the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and the Academy Honorary Award). Quincy's final qualifying award was a fully competitive 2016 Tony for The Color Purple.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 1994: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (non-competitive)
 * 2) 2024: Academy Honorary Award (non-competitive)

 * Primetime Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 1977: Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore) – Roots

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 1964: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "I Can't Stop Loving You"
 * 2) 1970: Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group – Walking in Space
 * 3) 1972: Best Pop Instrumental Performance – Smackwater Jack
 * 4) 1974: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "Summer in the City"
 * 5) 1979: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "The Wiz Main Title (Overture, Part One)"
 * 6) 1981: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "Dinorah, Dinorah"
 * 7) 1982: Producer of the Year
 * 8) 1982: Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) – "Ai No Corrida" (with Jerry Hey)
 * 9) 1982: Best Arrangement on an Instrumental Recording – "Velas"
 * 10) 1982: Best Cast Show Album – Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music
 * 11) 1982: Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal – "The Dude"
 * 12) 1984: Producer of the Year (Non-Classical)
 * 13) 1984: Best Recording for Children – E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
 * 14) 1984: Album of the Year – Thriller
 * 15) 1984: Record of the Year – "Beat It"
 * 16) 1985: Best Arrangement on an Instrumental – "Grace (Gymnastics Theme)" (with Jeremy Lubbock)
 * 17) 1986: Best Music Video, Short Form – "We Are the World – The Video Event"
 * 18) 1986: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals – "We Are the World"
 * 19) 1986: Record of the Year – "We Are the World"
 * 20) 1991: Producer of the Year (Non-Classical)
 * 21) 1991: Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) – "The Places You Find Love"
 * 22) 1991: Best Arrangement on an Instrumental – "Birdland"
 * 23) 1991: Best Jazz Fusion Performance – "Birdland"
 * 24) 1991: Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group – "Back on the Block"
 * 25) 1991: Album of the Year – Back on the Block
 * 26) 1992: Grammy Legend Award (non-competitive)
 * 27) 1994: Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance – Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux
 * 28) 2002: Best Spoken Word Album – Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones
 * 29) 2019: Best Music Film – Quincy

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2016: Best Revival of a Musical – The Color Purple

Frank Marshall

American film producer and director Frank Marshall (born 1946) received his fourth distinct award in 2023. Between 2019 and 2023, Marshall received a total of four awards. He is the only EGOT winner to have won a Sports Emmy Award and to have received the Irving G.Thalberg Memorial Award. With just four years elapsing between his first award (a 2019 honorary Oscar), a long format TV sports documentary, and competitive Grammy and Tony music awards, Marshall completed his unique, if not eclectic, EGOT collection in the shortest time of all persons to have reached this status.

 * Academy Awards:
 * 1) 2019: Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award (non-competitive)

 * Sports Emmy Awards:
 * 1) 2023: Outstanding Long Documentary – The Redeem Team

 * Grammy Awards:
 * 1) 2023: Best Music Film – Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story

 * Tony Awards:
 * 1) 2022: Best Musical – A Strange Loop

Three competitive awards
The following people have each won three out of the four major entertainment awards in competitive categories.

Without an Emmy

 * 1) Henry Fonda†, ◊
 * 2) Oscar Hammerstein II†, PP
 * 3) Alan Jay Lerner†
 * 4) Frank Loesser†, PP
 * 5) Benj Pasek◊
 * 6) Justin Paul◊
 * 7) Stephen Sondheim†, PP
 * 8) Jule Styne†

Without a Grammy

 * 1) Jack Albertson†, TC
 * 2) Anne Bancroft†, TC
 * 3) Ingrid Bergman†, TC
 * 4) Shirley Booth†, TC
 * 5) Ralph Burns†, ◊
 * 6) Ellen Burstyn◊, TC
 * 7) Melvyn Douglas†, TC
 * 8) Bob Fosse†
 * 9) Jeremy Irons◊, TC
 * 10) Glenda Jackson†, TC
 * 11) Jessica LangeTC
 * 12) Frances McDormandTC
 * 13) Liza Minnelli◊, NCA
 * 14) Helen MirrenTC
 * 15) Thomas Mitchell†, TC
 * 16) Al Pacino◊, TC
 * 17) Christopher Plummer†, ◊, TC
 * 18) Vanessa Redgrave◊, TC
 * 19) Jason Robards†, ◊, TC
 * 20) Geoffrey RushTC
 * 21) Paul Scofield†, ◊, TC
 * 22) Maggie SmithTC
 * 23) Maureen Stapleton†, ◊, TC
 * 24) Peter Stone†
 * 25) Jessica Tandy†, TC
 * 26) Tony Walton†

Without an Oscar

 * 1) Harry Belafonte†, NCA
 * 2) Leonard Bernstein†, ◊
 * 3) Jerry Bock†, PP
 * 4) Martin Charnin†, PA
 * 5) Cy Coleman†, ◊
 * 6) André De Shields
 * 7) Fred Ebb†, ◊
 * 8) Cynthia Erivo◊
 * 9) Anne GarefinoPA
 * 10) George Grizzard†
 * 11) Julie Harris†, ◊
 * 12) Hugh Jackman◊
 * 13) Billy Joel
 * 14) James Earl Jones◊, NCA
 * 15) Quincy Jones◊, NCA
 * 16) Rachel Bay Jones
 * 17) John Kander◊
 * 18) Tom KittPP
 * 19) Alex Lacamoire
 * 20) Stan LathanPA
 * 21) Cyndi Lauper
 * 22) Katrina Lenk
 * 23) Frank Marshall◊, NCA
 * 24) Audra McDonald
 * 25) Bette Midler◊
 * 26) Lin-Manuel Miranda◊, PP
 * 27) Cynthia Nixon
 * 28) Trey Parker◊, PA
 * 29) Ben Platt
 * 30) Billy Porter
 * 31) Scott Sanders
 * 32) Marc Shaiman◊
 * 33) Bill Sherman
 * 34) Ari'el Stachel
 * 35) Matt StonePA
 * 36) Charles StrousePA
 * 37) Lily Tomlin◊, PA
 * 38) Dick Van Dyke
 * 39) James Whitmore†, ◊
 * 40) David Yazbek

Without a Tony

 * 1) John Addison†
 * 2) Adele
 * 3) Kristen Anderson-Lopez◊
 * 4) Julie Andrews◊
 * 5) Burt Bacharach†, ◊
 * 6) Jon Batiste
 * 7) Alan Bergman
 * 8) Marilyn Bergman†
 * 9) Jon Blair
 * 10) George Burns†
 * 11) Cher
 * 12) Common
 * 13) Eminem
 * 14) Rob EpsteinPA
 * 15) James Gay-Rees
 * 16) Michael Giacchino
 * 17) Alex Gibney
 * 18) Alex Gibson
 * 19) Ludwig Göransson
 * 20) Brian Grazer◊
 * 21) Hildur Guðnadóttir
 * 22) H.E.R.
 * 23) Ron Howard
 * 24) Paul McCartney
 * 25) James MollPA
 * 26) Shawn Murphy
 * 27) Morgan Neville
 * 28) Randy Newman
 * 29) Sid Ramin†
 * 30) Trent Reznor
 * 31) Caitrin Rogers
 * 32) Atticus Ross
 * 33) Martin Scorsese
 * 34) Ringo Starr
 * 35) Barbra Streisand◊, PA, NCA
 * 36) Peter Ustinov†, ◊
 * 37) John Williams
 * 38) Robin Williams†
 * 39) Kate Winslet

Notes
 * † – Person is deceased.
 * ◊ – Person has been nominated at least once for a competitive category of the missing award but has failed to win.
 * NCA – Person won a non-competitive award in this category (see section above).
 * PA – Person has won the Peabody Award
 * PP – Person has won the Pulitzer Prize
 * TC – Person has joined EGOT winners Helen Hayes, Rita Moreno, and Viola Davis as winners of the Triple Crown of Acting, with singular (non-group/ensemble/company) acting wins in each of the Emmy, Oscar and Tony awards.

Three non-competitive awards
In addition to the above winners, the following people have each won three out of the four major entertainment awards in either competitive categories or non-competitive special and honorary categories.

 * 1) Howard Ashman†, ◊ won two competitive Oscars, five competitive Grammy Awards, and a Special Emmy Award.
 * 2) Fred Astaire† won three competitive Emmy Awards, a Special Academy Award, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
 * 3) Robert Russell Bennett† won a competitive Emmy Award, a competitive Oscar, and two Special Tony Awards.
 * 4) Irving Berlin† won an Academy Award, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a competitive Tony award.
 * 5) Carol Burnett won seven competitive Emmy Awards, one competitive Grammy award, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 6) David Byrne won an Academy Award, a competitive Grammy Award, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 7) Walt Disney† won 22 competitive Academy Awards, four non-competitive Academy Awards, seven competitive Emmy Awards, and a Grammy Trustees Award.
 * 8) Ray Dolby† won an Academy Scientific and Technical Award, two Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards, and a Special Merit/Technical Grammy Award.
 * 9) Michael J. Fox won five competitive Emmy Awards, a competitive Grammy Award, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, a non-competitive Academy Award.
 * 10) Judy Garland†, ◊ won an Academy Juvenile Award, two competitive Grammy Awards, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 11) Eileen Heckart† won a competitive Academy Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 12) Danny Kaye† won a competitive Emmy Award, a Special Tony Award, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, a non-competitive Academy Award.
 * 13) Barry Manilow won two competitive Emmy Awards, a competitive Grammy Award, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 14) Steve Martin◊ won the Honorary Academy Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and five competitive Grammy Awards.
 * 15) Elaine May won the Honorary Academy Award, a competitive Tony Award, and a competitive Grammy Award.
 * 16) Laurence Olivier†, ◊ won two competitive Oscars, five competitive Emmy Awards, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 17) Stephen Schwartz won three competitive Oscars, three competitive Grammys and the Isabelle Stevenson Award, a non-competitive Tony Award.
 * 18) Bruce Springsteen◊ won 20 competitive Grammys, a competitive Academy Award, and a Special Tony Award.
 * 19) Thomas Stockham† won an Academy Scientific and Technical Award, a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award, and a Technical Grammy Award.
 * 20) Cicely Tyson† won three competitive Emmy Awards, a competitive Tony Award, and an Academy Honorary Award.
 * 21) Eli Wallach† won a competitive Tony Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and an Academy Honorary Award.
 * 22) Diane Warren won a competitive Grammy Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and an Academy Honorary Award.
 * 23) Oprah Winfrey won competitive Emmy Awards, a competitive Tony Award, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, a non-competitive Academy Award.

Notes
 * † – Person is deceased.
 * ◊ – Person has been nominated at least once for a competitive category of the missing award but has failed to win.

Four nominations
The following people have not won all four awards in competitive categories but have received at least one nomination for each of them:

 * 1) Lynn Ahrens
 * 2) Alan Alda
 * 3) Joan Allen
 * 4) Woody Allen
 * 5) Judith Anderson†
 * 6) Kristen Anderson-Lopez
 * 7) Julie Andrews
 * 8) Alan Arkin†
 * 9) Howard Ashman †
 * 10) Burt Bacharach†
 * 11) Lauren Bacall†
 * 12) Ed Begley†
 * 13) Elmer Bernstein†
 * 14) Leonard Bernstein†
 * 15) Danielle Brooks
 * 16) Ralph Burns†
 * 17) Ellen Burstyn
 * 18) Richard Burton†
 * 19) David Byrne
 * 20) Sammy Cahn†
 * 21) Keith Carradine
 * 22) Diahann Carroll†
 * 23) Stockard Channing
 * 24) Don Cheadle
 * 25) Glenn Close
 * 26) Cy Coleman†
 * 27) Fred Ebb†
 * 28) Cynthia Erivo
 * 29) José Ferrer†
 * 30) Henry Fonda†
 * 31) Jane Fonda
 * 32) Morgan Freeman
 * 33) Judy Garland †
 * 34) Jack Gilford†
 * 35) Elliot Goldenthal
 * 36) Brian Grazer
 * 37) Joel Grey
 * 38) Julie Harris†
 * 39) Katharine Hepburn†
 * 40) Jeremy Irons
 * 41) Hugh Jackman
 * 42) James Earl Jones
 * 43) Quincy Jones
 * 44) John Kander

 * 1) Tony Kushner
 * 2) Angela Lansbury†
 * 3) Michel Legrand†
 * 4) Jack Lemmon†
 * 5) John Lithgow
 * 6) Kenny Loggins
 * 7) Frank Marshall
 * 8) Max Martin
 * 9) Steve Martin
 * 10) Bette Midler
 * 11) Liza Minnelli
 * 12) Lin-Manuel Miranda
 * 13) Paul Newman†
 * 14) Laurence Olivier†
 * 15) Leslie Odom Jr.
 * 16) Al Pacino
 * 17) Trey Parker
 * 18) Dolly Parton
 * 19) Benj Pasek
 * 20) Justin Paul
 * 21) Christopher Plummer†
 * 22) Sidney Poitier†
 * 23) André Previn†
 * 24) Lynn Redgrave †
 * 25) Vanessa Redgrave
 * 26) Jason Robards†
 * 27) Mark Ruffalo
 * 28) Adam Schlesinger†
 * 29) Paul Scofield†
 * 30) Marc Shaiman
 * 31) David Shire
 * 32) Paul Simon
 * 33) Glenn Slater
 * 34) Will Smith
 * 35) Tom Snow
 * 36) Kevin Spacey
 * 37) Bruce Springsteen
 * 38) Sting
 * 39) Maureen Stapleton†
 * 40) Barbra Streisand
 * 41) Meryl Streep
 * 42) Lily Tomlin
 * 43) Stanley Tucci
 * 44) Peter Ustinov†
 * 45) Jimmy Van Heusen†
 * 46) Denzel Washington
 * 47) Sigourney Weaver
 * 48) James Whitmore†
 * 49) Scott Wittman
 * 50) Hans Zimmer

Notes
 * † – Person is deceased.

PEGOT
There are conflicting definitions for the PEGOT. Some say the "P" refers to the Peabody Award, others say it is the Pulitzer Prize. , Mike Nichols, Rita Moreno, Barbra Streisand, and Mel Brooks have achieved this status by winning the Peabody; while Richard Rodgers and Marvin Hamlisch have achieved it by winning the Pulitzer.

EGOT winners who also won at least one Peabody Award:
 * 1) Rita Moreno
 * 2) Mike Nichols†
 * 3) Barbra Streisand
 * 4) Mel Brooks

EGOT winners who also won at least one Pulitzer Prize:
 * 1) Marvin Hamlisch†
 * 2) Richard Rodgers†

People who won a Peabody, lacking only one EGOT award:
 * 1) Carol Burnett (missing an Oscar)
 * 2) Martin Charnin† (missing an Oscar)
 * 3) Rob Epstein (missing a Tony)
 * 4) Anne Garefino (missing an Oscar)
 * 5) James Moll (missing a Tony)
 * 6) Trey Parker (missing an Oscar)
 * 7) Matt Stone (missing an Oscar)
 * 8) Charles Strouse (missing an Oscar)
 * 9) Lily Tomlin (missing an Oscar)
 * 10) Cicely Tyson† (missing a Grammy)
 * 11) Oprah Winfrey (missing a Grammy)

People who won a Pulitzer, lacking only one EGOT award:
 * 1) Jerry Bock† (missing an Oscar)
 * 2) Oscar Hammerstein II† (missing an Emmy)
 * 3) Tom Kitt (missing an Oscar)
 * 4) Frank Loesser† (missing an Emmy)
 * 5) Lin-Manuel Miranda (missing an Oscar)
 * 6) Stephen Sondheim† (missing an Emmy)

Notes

† – Person is deceased.

REGOT
Another variation is the REGOT, which includes being awarded a Razzie. Alan Menken has a REGOT due to his Razzie win with Jack Feldman for Worst Original Song for "High Times, Hard Times" from Newsies. With her Razzie win for Worst Actress for Rent-a-Cop and Arthur 2: On the Rocks, Liza Minnelli has a REGOT if her non-competitive Grammy Legend Award is considered.

Equivalent honors outside the United States
The Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Awards are presided over by industry bodies based in the United States, and as of 2024, 14 out of the 19 EGOT winners were American nationals. The remaining five ― John Gielgud, Audrey Hepburn, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Tim Rice, and Elton John ― were British. Many countries hold their own equivalent awards ceremonies honouring their own television, music, film, and theatre industries. In some cases, commentators in other countries have derived their own acronyms for individuals who have won at all four ceremonies.

Canada
In 2018, Leah Collins of CBC Arts proposed a Canadian equivalent of the EGOT: the Canadian Screen Awards (and their predecessors, the Gemini and Genie Awards) for film and television, the Juno Awards for music, and the Dora Mavor Moore Awards for theatre. Toronto-based game show Trivia Club referred to this combination as the "Two-Can-Ju-Do". No individual has won in all four categories.

Australia
In 2019, Caitlin Welsh of Nova Entertainment proposed the "LAHA" as an Australian equivalent: the Logie Awards for television, the ARIA Music Awards for music, the Helpmann Awards for theatre, and the AACTA Awards for film. She also could not identify any winners of all four awards, although Noni Hazlehurst has received nominations in all four.

title: List of EGOT winners


text:
1982 World's Fair

The 1982 World's Fair, officially known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition (KIEE) and simply as Energy Expo '82 and Expo '82, was an international exposition held in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Focused on energy and electricity generation, with the theme Energy Turns the World, it was officially registered as a "World's Fair" by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE).

The KIEE opened on May 1, 1982, and closed on October 31, 1982, after receiving over 11 million visitors. Participating nations included Australia, Belgium, Canada, The People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, and West Germany. It was the second World's Fair to be held in the state of Tennessee, with the first being the Tennessee Centennial Exposition of 1897, held in the state's capital, Nashville.

The fair was constructed on a 70 acre site between Downtown Knoxville and the University of Tennessee campus. The core of the site primarily consisted of a deteriorating Louisville and Nashville Railroad yard and depot. The railroad yard was demolished, with the exception of a single rail line, and the depot was renovated for use as a restaurant during the fair. The Sunsphere, a 266 ft steel tower topped with a five-story gold globe, was built as the main structure and symbol for the exposition. Today, the Sunsphere stands as a symbol for the city of Knoxville.

Background and construction
The first World's Fair to be held in Tennessee occurred in the state's capital, Nashville, in 1897. Knoxville developers cultivated the idea for a World's Fair in their city after several visited Spokane, Washington, which hosted a World's Fair in 1974. In November 1974, W. Stewart Evans, president of the Downtown Knoxville Association, proposed the idea of the fair to the city government and a group of Knoxville business owners after visiting the exposition in 1974. Evans cited Knoxville's association with energy research and development, spurred by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the University of Tennessee. This made Knoxville a potential energy center and suggested the promotion of a energy-themed World's Fair as early as 1980. Officials cited the city's location along Interstate 40 and position in the most populated one-third of the United States as crucial advantages. Knoxville had also previously held an Appalachian-oriented regional exposition promoting the environmental movement in the United States in 1913.

Knoxville mayor Kyle Testerman appointed local banker Jake Butcher to lead an exploratory KIEE committee. Butcher served as one of the main driving forces behind the fair. Within the city, Knoxvillians referred to the fair as "Jake's Fair". An administrative body known as the Knoxville Foundation Inc. was established to organize and operate the event. There was skepticism, both locally and nationally, about the ability of Knoxville, described as a "scruffy little city" by The Wall Street Journal in a 1980 news article, to successfully host a World's Fair. This controversy contributed to the development of the term "Scruffy City", as a nickname synonymous with Knoxville.

Major politicians representing Tennessee across the aisle and financial boosters supported the idea and prompted interest from the Ford Administration. Then-Secretary of Commerce Elliot Richardson, while inquired, discouraged the idea for Knoxville to host an exposition in 1980, citing a conflict from Los Angeles who planned to host a fair the same year. Richardson would approve for an exposition in Knoxville for the year 1982. Jake Butcher, facing criticism for his efforts for the KIEE, offered a rebuke in a 1981 interview with United Press International, "They called the fair the Jimmy Carter-Jake Butcher pork barrel, but they never revealed that [U.S. Senator] Howard Baker also supports it. I don't expect to get anything personally out of the World's Fair." Intent on running for governor in Tennessee in 1982, Butcher pointed out that his opponent, then-Governor Lamar Alexander, was also an outspoken supporter of the fair.

Public opinion of Knoxvillians leading up to the fair changed drastically, with a 1979 poll showing a majority of residents disapproved of the fair but later polls showing massive approval.

The fair would prompt investment into minority-owned businesses. Civil rights activist Avon Rollins, who served as an executive for the TVA, would ask for a significant portion of the fair proceeds go to Knoxville's African-American community. The fair's iconic red flame-logo apparel was contracted to be produced by Upfront America, a black-owned business. Upfront America would go on to sell more than 500,000 expo shirts. Leading up to the fair, the KIEE committee faced competition in recruiting larger corporate sponsors due to the development of EPCOT Center at the Walt Disney World resort, a permanent scientific-focused amusement park.

Most of the KIEE's financial support came from the United States federal government which provided an estimated $44 million in funding. The Tennessee state government provided $3 million, and the Knoxville municipal government approved a nearly $12 million bond. Jake Butcher, through his companies, gave approximately $25 million. An additional $224 million in federal and state funding was utilized by the Tennessee Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration to improve the transportation infrastructure system surrounding Knoxville in preparation for the fair. These improvements included completion of the Interstate 640 semi-beltway and improvements to the infamous "Malfunction Junction" of then I-75 (now I-275) and I-40 north of the fair site. The firm of Bruce McCarty designed the master plan for Fair.

Located along the Second Creek watershed between downtown Knoxville and the University of Tennessee campus, the roughly 70-acre disused Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) railyard was selected as the site for development of the exposition. The railyard would be demolished to make way for the nation-representing pavilions and exhibits, the Tennessee Amphitheater, and the Sunsphere. The L&N station, however, would be redeveloped into a restaurant and office space. Acreage located south of the railyard site near the University of Tennessee campus would be home to the exposition's midway, which included the Great Wheel, the tallest Ferris wheel in the world at the time. A gondola system was developed to provide rapid connections to the exhibit and midway areas of the fairgrounds. For the design of the Sunsphere, the KIEE recruited Knoxville-based architectural firm Community Techtonics, which was known in the region for its design of the Clingmans Dome Observation Tower in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the "SkyMart" elevated-sidewalk system in downtown Morristown, nearly 50 miles east of Knoxville. Construction would break ground in 1980.

Regarding recruitment for country sponsors, the KIEE received confirmation for participation from western European countries including the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy, and the 10-nation European Economic Community, along with Australia, Mexico, Japan, and the People's Republic of China. China's participation proved historic given the country's shift to a more capitalist economy; the KIEE would be the first exposition involving China since 1904. The KIEE invited the Soviet Union for participation and a swimming competition against the United States, but the invitation for participation was rescinded following the Soviet Union's military invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. In total, 25 nations were signed to participate at the 1982 World's Fair by its opening. However, only 22 of those signed took part by opening day of the KIEE.

Opening day
On May 1, 1982, the 1982 World's Fair opened to a crowd of 87,000 with the theme "Energy Turns the World". Television commercials broadcast prior to the fair used the marketing tagline "You've Got To Be There!" The opening ceremony was broadcast on local and regional television stations, with President Ronald Reagan arriving to open the fair. Television personality and Winchester native Dinah Shore was the master of ceremonies for the fair. A six-month pass to the fair sold for $100 ($ in dollars).

Fair participation and exhibits
From its commencement on May 1, to its closing on October 31, the fair attracted 11,127,780 visitors from all over the United States and the world, making among the best attended World's Fair in U.S. history among those sanctioned by the BIE. It had the highest attendance among the four Specialized Expos held in the United States. It made a profit of $57, far short of the $5 million surplus projected by organizers and boosters. The city of Knoxville was left with a $46 million debt. This debt would be paid in full in May 2007.

In total, 22 nations, 7 states, and more than 50 corporations presented exhibitions at the fair revolving around energy, innovation, technology, and sustainability. Participating nations included Australia, Belgium, Canada, The People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, People's Republic of Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, and West Germany. Panama, a late-comer to the fair, never occupied its pavilion space, which was eventually unofficially occupied by a group of Caribbean island nations. Communication problems between Panama and fair officials delayed occupancy, then it was announced that the country would not show due to "economic problems".

The Peruvian exhibit featured a mummy that was unwrapped and studied at the fair. The Egyptian exhibit featured ancient artifacts valued at over US$30 million. Hungary, the home country of the Rubik's Cube, sent the world's largest Rubik's Cube with rotating squares for the entrance display to its pavilion. The Rubik's Cube remains in World's Fair Park, where it is on display at the Knoxville Convention Center. Every night of the fair, at 10 pm, a 10-minute fireworks display was presented that could be seen over much of Knoxville.

Entertainment
Performances by famous artists, actors, and musicians occurred at the Tennessee Amphitheater and across other areas of the fairgrounds and Knoxville, including Bob Hope, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Johnny Cash, Chet Atkins, Hal Holbrook, Glen Campbell, and Ricky Skaggs.

Innovations showcased
The 1982 World's Fair brought the debut of several inventions and concepts, primarily focused on energy, technology, and sustainability.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory physicist George Samuel Hurst had showcased his patented resistive touchscreen technology that was developed in 1975 as result of a partnership with his company Elographics and German conglomerate Siemens. Visitors were able to use computers with the touch-screen technology. Tetra Pak showcased its boxed shelf-stable milk. Coca-Cola organized a measure of several flavored mixtures of its traditional Coke soda during the exposition. Visitors would test lime, lemon, vanilla, and cherry flavors. By the end of the KIEE, Coca-Cola found that the cherry-flavored soda was the most popular. As a result, Coca-Cola Cherry would be distributed in 1985 as a result of its successful introduction at the 1982 World's Fair. Oil corporation Texaco showcased the concept of pay at the pump, as part of the advances in energy. An early rendition of the cordless telephone was introduced to the public at the KIEE. The Ford Motor Company showcased a Lincoln Town Car with a built-in car phone and a concept car known as the AFV, which relied on alternative fuel consumption. One-hour photographic processing was introduced by Kodak and used by visitors of the exposition.

Geodesic dome housing exhibits were showcased to promote sustainable development to confront the then-ongoing energy crisis. Housing powered entirely by solar power was constructed by the United American Solar Group to promote solar energy. The TVA would support an exhibit promoting energy conservation and private greenhouse usage.

Knoxville-based fast-food chain, Petro's Chili & Chips made their debut at the fair. As of 2023, the chain consists of several locations in the state with most primarily located in East Tennessee.

Events
The Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots played a preseason football game at Neyland Stadium on August 14, 1982. The Steelers won the game 24–20 to a crowd of 93,251, making it the fourth-best-attended NFL game in history.

The University of Tennessee would utilize its residence halls and dormitories for housing nearly 60,000 visitors during the exposition's six-month tenure.

An NBA exhibition game took place between the Boston Celtics and Philadelphia 76ers at Stokely Athletic Center on October 23, 1982.

Difficulties
Hotels and other accommodations in Knoxville were not permitted to take reservations directly. Room reservations for everything from hotels to houseboats were sold in a package with fair admission tickets through the first eleven days and were handled by a central bureau, Knoxvisit. Its financial and administrative troubles resulted in reservations being taken over by Property Leasing & Management, Inc. (PLM). It also struggled with the operation and filed for bankruptcy.

Jake Butcher's financial services corporation, United American Bank (UAB), failed shortly after the exposition in 1983. UAB had been raided by federal banking regulators the day after the fair's closure. On February 14, 1983, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation seized control of the bank due to irregularities in its financial records. This action caused public speculation that the bank's failure was due in part to Butcher's financing of the World's Fair.

Legacy

Given the success of the fair, Knoxville residents speculated that the fair would put the city on track to become a major hub city in the Southeastern United States such as Atlanta or Charlotte. However, growth in Knoxville was relatively low compared to that of Chattanooga, which received national attention for its riverfront redevelopment projects.

The U.S. Pavilion would operate as a soccer arena, but in 1991, the city of Knoxville demolished the U.S. Pavilion in a controlled demolition. It had developed structural problems that could not be safely resolved after years of neglect. The site of the pavilion was cleared and developed for a parking lot along Cumberland Avenue, adjacent to the site of the Knoxville Convention Center in World's Fair Park.

The site of the Korean and Saudi Arabian pavilions and the Tennessee Gas Industries exhibit was redeveloped into a performance lawn and hosted the Hot Summer Nights rock music festival from 1991 to 1999, when the Knoxville municipal government indefinitely suspended concerts on the lawn. Ashley Capps, a Knoxville entertainment coordinator, cited the suspension of Hot Summer Nights at World's Fair Park as the start of the iconic Bonnaroo Music Festival.

The site of the Japanese Pavilion became the new location for the Knoxville Museum of Art in 1990. The Elm Tree Theater located adjacent to the former pavilion was added as part of the Knoxville Museum of Art's courtyard. The elm tree was later struck by lightning and was cut down. The courtyard of the theater has since remained empty. Many of the pavilion sites and the fair's midway located south of the main park were given to the University of Tennessee for future campus extensions and student parking.

By 1996, World's Fair Park was subject to 14 plans to redevelop the site, all of which were unsuccessful. In the same year, Knoxville and the 1982 World's Fair were featured prominently in an episode of The Simpsons, "Bart on the Road". In the episode, Bart, having obtained a fake ID, travels to Knoxville with his friends to visit the fair after seeing an advertisement in a tourism brochure, only to learn that it closed a decade before. Nelson frustratedly throws a stone at the Sunsphere, causing it to collapse on the group's rental car, stranding them in Knoxville. Knoxville municipal personnel would criticize the show's portrayal of the city and World's Fair Park, as at the time, the Sunsphere and the main facilities at the park were in good condition and received regular maintenance. The last known attempt of redeveloping the fair site came in late 1996, as a mixed-use development named after the Tivoli gardens in Copenhagen.

In 2000, the park was closed for two years for the construction of the Knoxville Convention Center in the space formerly occupied by Rich's/Millers Garage, the site of the KUB Substation exhibit, and the site of America's Electric Energy Exhibit.

The Tennessee Amphitheater, the only structure other than the Sunsphere that currently remains from the World's Fair, was condemned to demolition in 2002. Popular sentiment from Knoxville residents and officials supported restoring it, and the theater was renovated between 2005 and 2007, reopening in 2007. In 2007, the amphitheater was voted one of the top fifteen architectural works of East Tennessee by the East Tennessee chapter of the American Institute of Architects.

In the summer of 2002, the World's Fair Park was reopened to general events and concerts, such as Earth Fest and Greek Fest. An Independence Day celebration is held on the park lawns every year, with the Knoxville Symphony Orchestra playing a free concert with a massive fireworks display. In May 2007, the East Tennessee Historical Society (ETHS) opened a temporary exhibit in its museum located in Downtown Knoxville, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the World's Fair. On July 4, 2007, one of the annual celebrations was held in conjunction with festivities commemorating the 25th anniversary of the 1982 World's Fair. The following day, July 5, 2007, the Sunsphere's observation deck reopened to the public after renovations. In 2020, rock band The Dirty Guv'nahs curated the Southern Skies Music Festival at the performance lawn of World's Fair Park. Postponed from its original start in May 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic, the festival debuted on May 14, 2022.

In 2022, the ETHS and the University of Tennessee's Hodges Library would open temporary exhibits regarding the KIEE commemorating its 40th anniversary. A celebration of the 40th anniversary of the KIEE was held during the weekend of May 20–22, 2022, including a full-day festival organized by Knoxville's convention and visitors bureau. Local media covered the event and provided prior coverage of the original event.

Collectibles
Many collectible items were made specifically for the World's Fair, ranging from cups, trays, plates, belt buckles, and several other objects. Some of the more notable items include:

 * With the focus of the World's Fair on technology and energy, video games of the era were also featured at the Fair. In the arcade area, attendees could find seven video arcade game tokens that had been minted for the Fair, each depicting a different and popular game of the time. The seven games on each of the tokens are Pac-Man, Ms. Pac-Man, Space Invaders, Qix, Gorf, Scramble, and Donkey Kong.
 * World's Fair Beer was also released at the beginning of the fair. 250,000 cases of the beer was sold during the fair's duration, totaling nearly six million cans sold over the six months. Rick Kuhlman, who was a marketing director for a beer wholesaler at the time, had come up with the idea for the beer. He had to pre-sell 10,000 cases of the beer to pay for the initial batch.  The beer would go on to be released in nine different colored cans, beginning with red, then blue, and eventually, green, brown, gold, black, purple, yellow, and orange.  Each color represented its own production batch and when a color was sold out, that color was finished.  The beer was often purchased and never drunk, as many fair-goers speculated that the beer cans would one day be a rare collectible. To observe the 35th anniversary of the fair, World's Fair Beer was brought back into production in May 2017 for a limited time at several Knoxville breweries and pubs.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1982 World's Fair


text:
Diglossia

In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used (in fairly strict compartmentalization) by a single language community. In addition to the community's everyday or vernacular language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a second, highly codified lect (labeled "H" or "high") is used in certain situations such as literature, formal education, or other specific settings, but not used normally for ordinary conversation. The H variety may have no native speakers within the community. In cases of three dialects, the term triglossia is used. When referring to two writing systems coexisting for a single language, the term digraphia is used.

The high variety may be an older stage of the same language (as in medieval Europe, where Latin (H) remained in formal use even as colloquial speech (L) diverged), an unrelated language, or a distinct yet closely related present-day dialect (as in northern India and Pakistan, where Hindustani (L) is used alongside the standard registers of Hindi (H) and Urdu (H); Hochdeutsch (H) is used alongside German dialects (L); the Arab world, where Modern Standard Arabic (H) is used alongside other varieties of Arabic (L); and China, where Standard Chinese (H) is used as the official, literary standard and local varieties of Chinese (L) are used in everyday communication). Other examples include literary Katharevousa (H) versus spoken Demotic Greek (L); literary Tamil (H) versus colloquial spoken Tamil (L); Indonesian, with its bahasa baku (H) and bahasa gaul (L) forms; Standard American English (H) versus African-American Vernacular English or Hawaiian pidgin (L); and literary (H) versus spoken (L) Welsh.

Etymology
The Greek word διγλωσσία (diglossía), from δί- (dí-, "two") and γλώσσα (glóssa, "language"), meant bilingualism; it was given its specialized meaning "two forms of the same language" by Emmanuel Rhoides in the prologue of his Parerga in 1885. The term was quickly adapted into French as diglossie by the Greek linguist and demoticist Ioannis Psycharis, with credit to Rhoides.

The Arabist William Marçais used the term in 1930 to describe the linguistic situation in Arabic-speaking countries. The sociolinguist Charles A. Ferguson introduced the English equivalent diglossia in 1959 in the title of an article. His conceptualization of diglossia describes a society with more than one prevalent language or the high variety, which pertains to the language used in literature, newspapers, and other social institutions. The article has been cited over 4,000 times. The term is particularly embraced among sociolinguists and a number of these proposed different interpretations or varieties of the concept.

Language registers and types of diglossia
In his 1959 article, Charles A. Ferguson defines diglossia as follows:

"DIGLOSSIA is a relatively stable language situation in which, in addition to the primary dialects of the language (which may include a standard or regional standards), there is a very divergent, highly codified (often grammatically more complex) superposed variety, the vehicle of a large and respected body of written literature, either of an earlier period or in another speech community, which is learned largely by formal education and is used for most written and formal spoken purposes but is not used by any sector of the community for ordinary conversation."

Here, diglossia is seen as a kind of bilingualism in a society in which one of the languages has high prestige (henceforth referred to as "H"), and another of the languages has low prestige ("L"). In Ferguson's definition, the high and low variants are always closely related.

Ferguson gives the example of standardized Arabic and says that, "very often, educated Arabs will maintain they never use L at all, in spite of the fact that direct observation shows that they use it constantly in ordinary conversation"

Joshua Fishman expanded the definition of diglossia to include the use of unrelated languages as high and low varieties. For example, in Alsace the Alsatian language (Elsässisch) serves as (L) and French as (H). Heinz Kloss calls the (H) variant exoglossia and the (L) variant endoglossia.

In some cases (especially with creole languages), the nature of the connection between (H) and (L) is not one of diglossia but a continuum; for example, Jamaican Creole as (L) and Standard English as (H) in Jamaica. Similar is the case in the Scottish Lowlands, with Scots as (L) and Scottish English as (H).

(H) is usually the written language whereas (L) is the spoken language. In formal situations, (H) is used; in informal situations, (L) is used. Sometimes, (H) is used in informal situations and as spoken language when speakers of 2 different (L) languages and dialects or more communicate with each other (as a lingua franca), but not the other way around.

One of the earliest examples was that of Middle Egyptian, the language in everyday use in Ancient Egypt during the Middle Kingdom (2000–1650 BC). By 1350 BC, in the New Kingdom (1550–1050 BC), the Egyptian language had evolved into Late Egyptian, which itself later evolved into Demotic (700 BC – AD 400). These two later forms served as (L) languages in their respective periods. But in both cases, Middle Egyptian remained the standard written, prestigious form, the (H) language, and was still used for this purpose until the fourth century AD, more than sixteen centuries after it had ceased to exist in everyday speech.

Another historical example is Latin, Classical Latin being the (H) and Vulgar Latin the (L); the latter, which is almost completely unattested in text, is the tongue from which the Romance languages descended.

The (L) variants are not just simplifications or "corruptions" of the (H) variants. In phonology, for example, (L) dialects are as likely to have phonemes absent from the (H) as vice versa. Some Swiss German dialects have three phonemes,, and , in the phonetic space where Standard German has only two phonemes,  (Berlin 'Berlin', Bären 'bears') and  (Beeren 'berries'). Jamaican Creole has fewer vowel phonemes than standard English, but it has additional palatal and  phonemes.

Especially in endoglossia the (L) form may also be called "basilect", the (H) form "acrolect", and an intermediate form "mesolect".

Ferguson's classic examples include Standard German/Swiss German, Standard Arabic/Arabic vernaculars, French/Creole in Haiti, and Katharevousa/Dimotiki in Greece, though the "low prestige" nature of most of these examples has changed since Ferguson's article was published. Creole is now recognized as a standard language in Haiti; Swiss German dialects are hardly low-prestige languages in Switzerland (see Chambers, Sociolinguistic Theory); and after the end of the Greek military regime in 1974, Dimotiki was made into Greece's sole standard language in 1976, and nowadays, Katharevousa is (with a few exceptions) no longer used. Harold Schiffman wrote about Swiss German in 2010, "It seems to be the case that Swiss German was once consensually agreed to be in a diglossic hierarchy with Standard German, but that this consensus is now breaking." Code-switching is also commonplace, especially in the Arabic world; according to Andrew Freeman, this is "different from Ferguson's description of diglossia which states that the two forms are in complementary distribution." To a certain extent, there is code switching and overlap in all diglossic societies, even German-speaking Switzerland.

Examples where the High/Low dichotomy is justified in terms of social prestige include Italian dialects and languages as (L) and Standard Italian as (H) in Italy and German dialects and Standard German in Germany. In Italy and Germany, those speakers who still speak non-standard dialects typically use those dialects in informal situations, especially in the family. In German-speaking Switzerland, on the other hand, Swiss German dialects are to a certain extent even used in schools, and to a larger extent in churches. Ramseier calls German-speaking Switzerland's diglossia a "medial diglossia", whereas Felicity Rash prefers "functional diglossia". Paradoxically, Swiss German offers both the best example of diglossia (all speakers are native speakers of Swiss German and thus diglossic) and the worst, because there is no clear-cut hierarchy. While Swiss Standard German is spoken in formal situations like in school, news broadcasts, and government speeches, Swiss Standard German is also spoken in informal situations only whenever a German Swiss is communicating with a German-speaking foreigner who it is assumed would not understand the respective dialect. Amongst themselves, the German-speaking Swiss use their respective Swiss German dialect, irrespective of social class, education or topic.

In most African countries, as well as some Asian ones, a European language serves as the official, prestige language, and local languages are used in everyday life outside formal situations. For example, Wolof is the everyday lingua franca in Senegal, French being spoken only in very formal situations, and English is spoken in formal situations in Nigeria, but native languages like Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba are spoken in ordinary conversation. However, a European language that serves as an official language can also act as a lingua franca, being spoken in informal situations between speakers of two or more different languages to facilitate communication. Diglossia can exist between two dialects of a European language as well. For example, in Côte d'Ivoire, Standard French is the prestige language used in business, politics, etc. while Ivorian French is the daily language in the street, on the markets, and in informal situations in general; in Mozambique, European Portuguese is used in formal situations, while Mozambican Portuguese is the spoken language in informal situations; and British English is used in formal situations in Nigeria, while Nigerian English is the spoken language in informal situations. In the countryside, local African dialects prevail. However, in traditional events, local languages can be used as prestige dialects: for example, a wedding ceremony between two young urban Baoulé people with poor knowledge of the Baoulé language (spoken in Côte d'Ivoire) would require the presence of elder family members as interpreters to conduct the ceremony in that language. Local languages, if used as prestige languages, are also used in writing materials in a more formal type of vocabulary. There are also European languages in Africa, particularly North Africa, without official status that are used as prestige language: for example, in Morocco, while Modern Standard Arabic and recently Tamazight are the only two official languages used in formal situations, with Moroccan Arabic and Amazigh dialects spoken in informal situations, while French and Spanish are also spoken in formal situations, making some Moroccans bilinguals or trilinguals in Modern Standard Arabic or Tamazight, French or Spanish, and Moroccan Arabic or Amazigh dialects. In Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, the official languages are Modern Standard Arabic and Spanish, which are spoken in formal situations, while Hassaniya Arabic is spoken in informal situations, and Spanish is also spoken in informal situations. In Asia, the Philippines is the biggest example of such colonial exoglossia, with English since the Spanish-American War of 1898, Spanish before then (with a historic presence in place names, personal names, and loanwords in the local languages) and local Austronesian Philippine languages used for everyday situations; Timor-Leste is in a similar situation with Portuguese. Most Asian countries instead have re-established a local prestige language (such as Hindi or Indonesian) and have at least partially phased out the colonial language, commonly English or Russian but also Dutch, French, and Portuguese in a few places, except for international, business, scientific, or interethnic communication; the colonial languages have also usually left many loanwards in the local languages.

Gender-based diglossia
In Ghana, a dialect called "Student Pidgin" was traditionally used by men in all-male secondary schools, though an ever-increasing number of female students are now also using it due to social change.

Gender-based oral speech variations are found in Arabic-speaking communities. Makkan males are found to adopt more formal linguistic variants in their WhatsApp messages than their female counterparts, who tend to use more informal "locally prestigious" linguistic variants.

Among Garifuna (Karif) speakers in Central America, men and women often have different words for the same concepts.

In Ireland, deaf men and women studied in two separate schools throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Lack of contact between the two groups led to the development of gender-specific varieties of Irish Sign Language.

Greek
Greek diglossia belongs to the category whereby, while the living language of the area evolves and changes as time passes by, there is an artificial retrospection to and imitation of earlier (more ancient) linguistic forms preserved in writing and considered to be scholarly and classic. One of the earliest recorded examples of diglossia was during the first century AD, when Hellenistic Alexandrian scholars decided that, in order to strengthen the link between the people and the glorious culture of the Greek "Golden Age" (5th c. BC), people should adopt the language of that era. The phenomenon, called "Atticism", dominated the writings of part of the Hellenistic period, the Byzantine and Medieval era. Following the Greek War of Independence of 1821 and in order to "cover new and immediate needs" making their appearance with "the creation of the Greek State", scholars brought to life "Katharevousa" or "purist" language. Katharevousa did not constitute the natural development of the language of the people, the "Koine", "Romeika", Demotic Greek or Dimotiki as it is currently referred to. It constituted an attempt to purify the language from vulgar forms such as words of foreign origin, especially Turkish and Slavic languages, but also French or Italian and replace them with ancient Attic forms and even by reaching down to Homeric cleansed and refined words.

Serbian
Diglossia in modern Serbian language is the most obvious if we consider the usage of past tenses in High and Low varieties. The High variety of the Serbian is based on the Serbo-Croatian language of the former communist Yugoslavia. In the High form (newspapers, television, other mass media, education, and any other formal use or situation) all of the Serbian past tenses are replaced by the present perfect tense (which is in the Serbian school system either called "perfect tense" or the "past tense", but never "present perfect" since WW2).

On the other side, the Low form informal vernacular language contains several other past tenses (aorist, two past perfect forms and rarely imperfect, and one more with no name), of which the aorist is the most important. In the Low form the present perfect tense with perfective verbs is not strictly treated as a past tense. In many rural and semi-rural parts of Serbia the aorist, despite being banished from any formal use, is the most frequent past tense form in the spoken informal language, more frequent even than the highly prestigious present perfect. When statements of peasants need to be written down by authorities, or published in any form, the past tenses are usually replaced by the present perfect tense.

The High form of Serbian today does have native speakers: those are usually younger and more educated parts of the population living in big cities, such as Belgrade (the capital of Serbia) and Novi Sad. Most of them are unable to differentiate the meanings among the present perfect tense and the other past tenses, which they do not use due to the influence of education and mass media.

Arabic
Diglossia may have appeared in Arabic when Muslim cities emerged during the early period of Islam.

Sociolinguistics
As an aspect of study of the relationships between codes and social structure, diglossia is an important concept in the field of sociolinguistics. At the social level, each of the two dialects has certain spheres of social interaction assigned to it and in the assigned spheres it is the only socially acceptable dialect (with minor exceptions). At the grammatical level, differences may involve pronunciation, inflection, and/or syntax (sentence structure). Differences can range from minor (although conspicuous) to extreme. In many cases of diglossia, the two dialects are so divergent that they are distinct languages as defined by linguists: they are not mutually intelligible.

Thomas Ricento, an author on language policy and political theory believes that there is always a "socially constructed hierarchy, indexed from low to high." The hierarchy is generally imposed by leading political figures or popular media and is sometimes not the native language of that particular region. The dialect that is the original mother tongue is almost always of low prestige. Its spheres of use involve informal, interpersonal communication: conversation in the home, among friends, in marketplaces. In some diglossias, this vernacular dialect is virtually unwritten. Those who try to use it in literature may be severely criticized or even persecuted. The other dialect is held in high esteem and is devoted to written communication and formal spoken communication, such as university instruction, primary education, sermons, and speeches by government officials. It is usually not possible to acquire proficiency in the formal, "high" dialect without formal study of it. Thus in those diglossic societies which are also characterized by extreme inequality of social classes, most people are not proficient in speaking the high dialect, and if the high dialect is grammatically different enough, as in the case of Arabic diglossia, these uneducated classes cannot understand most of the public speeches that they might hear on television and radio. The high prestige dialect (or language) tends to be the more formalised, and its forms and vocabulary often 'filter down' into the vernacular though often in a changed form.

In many diglossic areas, there is controversy and polarization of opinions of native speakers regarding the relationship between the two dialects and their respective statuses. In cases that the "high" dialect is objectively not intelligible to those exposed only to the vernacular, some people insist that the two dialects are nevertheless a common language. The pioneering scholar of diglossia, Charles A. Ferguson, observed that native speakers proficient in the high prestige dialect will commonly try to avoid using the vernacular dialect with foreigners and may even deny its existence even though the vernacular is the only socially appropriate one for themselves to use when speaking to their relatives and friends. Yet another common attitude is that the low dialect, which is everyone's native language, ought to be abandoned in favor of the high dialect, which presently is nobody's native language.

title: Diglossia


text:
Church End

Church End or Churchend is the name of several places in England.
 * Church End
 * Church End, Bedfordshire (disambiguation), several hamlets
 * Church End, Aylesbury Vale, a part of Haddenham, Buckinghamshire
 * Church End, Pitstone, Buckinghamshire
 * Church End, Cambridgeshire (disambiguation), several hamlets
 * Church End, Coventry, a suburb
 * Church End, East Riding of Yorkshire
 * Church End, Essex (disambiguation), several hamlets
 * Church End, Frampton on Severn, Gloucestershire
 * Church End, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire
 * Church End, Hampshire
 * Church End, Hertfordshire (disambiguation), several hamlets
 * Church End, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire
 * Church End, South Holland, Lincolnshire
 * Church End, Finchley, London
 * Church End, Brent, London
 * Church End, Norfolk
 * Church End, Great Rollright, Oxfordshire
 * Church End, West Oxfordshire, a hamlet in the parish of South Leigh
 * Church End, Suffolk
 * Church End, Surrey
 * Church End, Ansley, Warwickshire
 * Church End, Shustoke, Warwickshire
 * Church End, Wiltshire
 * Church End, Worcestershire
 * Churchend
 * Churchend, Reading, an area of Tilehurst, Reading, Berkshire
 * Churchend, Foulness Island, Essex
 * Churchend, Eastington, Gloucestershire
 * Churchend, South Gloucestershire

title: Church End


text:
User:Nyh

Hi, my name is Nadav Har'El.

Significant (non-stub) articles that I wrote most of:
 * Carmelit
 * Donabate
 * List of universities in Israel
 * Open University of Israel
 * Transvaal
 * Tünel
 * Seq (Unix)

Stub articles I started and wrote most of:
 * Belvedere
 * Christophe
 * Davar
 * Hamodia
 * Hazofe
 * Hoc (programming language)
 * Holon Academic Institute of Technology
 * Kessler
 * Larry Fast
 * Luigi Verderame
 * Rogerstown Estuary
 * Shalom
 * Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange
 * Thixendale
 * Yated Ne'eman

Articles I originally started, and which have since become non-stub articles:
 * Maccabi Tel-Aviv (basketball)
 * University of Haifa
 * Yorkshire Terrier

Articles and stubs I made significant contributions to:
 * Abba Hushi
 * Azande
 * Belvedere
 * Ben Gurion
 * Chandigarh
 * Daytona International Speedway
 * Gary
 * Gauteng province
 * Geographic Names Information System
 * Hamakor
 * Haxby Hall
 * Heidelberg
 * Kishon
 * Leningrad
 * List of Israeli newspapers
 * Maccabi
 * Madison
 * Menashe Kadishman
 * National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
 * Port Elizabeth
 * Rabin
 * Siren
 * Swansea (disambiguation)
 * White Plains
 * Whiting
 * Yedioth Ahronoth

Articles and stubs I made small or even tiny changes to (excluding vandalism reverts, and trivial spelling/formatting/wikification):
 * Aspen
 * Medicine Hat
 * Sam (program)
 * David Ben-Gurion
 * Dog
 * 8 Mile
 * Chinchilla
 * Casimir Funk
 * Beriberi
 * Hebrew language
 * Haifa
 * Michael O. Rabin
 * Yorkshire Wolds
 * Pocklington
 * National Imagery and Mapping Agency
 * Geographic references
 * East Riding of Yorkshire
 * Mount Carmel, Israel
 * Order of the Garter
 * Hafez al-Assad
 * Joe Ossanna
 * Russian Liberation Army
 * Ross-on-Wye
 * Dan
 * Gary Cooper
 * Rochester
 * Istanbul
 * Funicular
 * List of metro systems
 * American Stock Exchange (AMEX)
 * Provinces of South Africa
 * Stock Exchange
 * Elora, Ontario
 * Israel
 * Ariel Sharon
 * Eastern Cape Province
 * Livingston
 * Galaxy
 * Valgrind
 * Fountains of Wayne
 * Saad Haddad
 * Warsaw
 * Hatikvah
 * Euroleague
 * Verdun, Ariège
 * Assasin
 * Lucky Luke
 * Floppy disk
 * Google bomb
 * Niam-Niam
 * Zande
 * Maccabees
 * Project Xanadu
 * Lamb & Flag

Articles I still want to create:
 * Schefflera

Articles I want to work on:
 * List of Israeli newspapers
 * Acini di pepe

User:Nyh/monobook.js

title: User:Nyh


text:
Suzanne Spaak

Suzanne Spaak, née Augustine Lorge known as Suzette Spaak (6 July 1905 – 12 August 1944) was a World War II French Resistance operative. On 21 April 1985, Yad Vashem recognized Spaak as Righteous Among the Nations, for helping to smuggle several Jewish children to safety, by providing them with ration cards and clothing.

Life
Spaak was born in Brussels into a prosperous Belgian banking family in 1905. She married Brussels-born dramatist Claude Spaak (1904-1990), brother of both Charles Spaak, a screenwriter, and Paul-Henri Spaak, a Belgian statesman who was one of first leaders of the European Communities. Living in Paris with her husband and two children, Lucie known affectionately as Pilette and Paul-Louis as Bazou, she enjoyed a life of luxury and prestige as one of the city's leading socialites. Her husband had acquired paintings by their fellow Belgian, René Magritte, and in 1936, Magritte painted her portrait. Her lifestyle changed drastically with the onslaught of World War II and the subsequent occupation of France by Germany.

French Resistance
Angry with the suppression, brutality and racial intolerance of the Nazis, she volunteered to work with the underground National Movement Against Racism (MNCR).

With time and growing atrocities by the Nazis, Spaak devoted herself to ridding France and her native Belgium of its oppressors. She joined the Red Orchestra intelligence network, a Soviet-sponsored organization founded by a Polish Jew, Leopold Trepper.

This group conducted very effective intelligence gathering in Germany, France, Belgium and Netherlands. The network became so successful, even infiltrating the German military intelligence service Abwehr, that the Nazis set up the "Red Orchestra Special Detachment" (Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle) to destroy it.

A mother of two, Spaak worked doggedly to save the lives of Jewish children who were facing deportation to the German death camps. In early 1943, she was part of a group that saved 163 Jewish children who were about to be deported from the Union générale des israélites de France (UGIF) centers. At enormous risk to herself and her family, she hid some of the children in her own home, helping to provide the children with clothing and ration cards and arranging for them be moved to the safety of homes of people in various parts of France willing to risk hiding them.

In Belgium, in the spring of 1942, the Germans traced and monitored Red Orchestra radio transmitters and made their first arrests of Red Orchestra agents. Captured members were brutally tortured and several broke, divulging network secrets that, over the ensuing eighteen months, allowed for more than 600 people to be arrested, including Suzanne Spaak in Paris. Sent by the Gestapo to the prison in Fresnes in October 1943, she was kept in horrific conditions and subjected to torture.

When the Allied forces broke through at Normandy and began to fight their way to free Paris, the Gestapo prepared to flee but before they did, they began executing certain prisoners.

On 12 August 1944, just thirteen days before the liberation of Paris, Spaak was shot by the Gestapo officer, Heinz Pannwitz in her cell. She was 39 years old. On 21 April 1985, Yad Vashem recognized Suzanne Spaak as Righteous Among the Nations.

title: Suzanne Spaak