text:
User:Chris 73/Archive 004

Martha Tabram
Hi Chris, thanks for the comment on my Martha Tabram article. It looks as if I somehow wasn't logged in when I added it. I'm adding material to all the articles on Ripper victims, with some comments later. Take care, Gordon (User:Gordon L)

Japanese atomic program
I've been editing it a bit. It still gives too much credit to very questionable sources. The link that says it is to the Snell article is, well, to say the least, a little suspicious -- a grab-bag of really poor conspiracy theories about the moon landings and atomic bomb testing during the Port Chicago mutiny. I'd be a lot happier if we could find a better link. I'll work it over a bit more, please tell me what you think about my edits, they are not written in stone. I am not an expert on the Japanese program but I know quite a lot about the American program and from what I have read about the Japanese program, it seems incredibly implausible that they were as far along as Snell urges. I find the Snell information to be scientifically suspicious (such as saying that 5 cyclotrons could be used to enrich enough uranium for a bomb -- if these are just regular cyclotrons and not specially designed mass spectrometers for this purpose, this sounds really ridiculous. Even if they were something like the Oak Ridge Calutrons, which were massive and would not be confused for cyclotrons, it would have been questionable). The confusion also between uranium oxide and u-235 is a little troubling still -- this needs to be sorted out (uranium oxide is U-238, not U-235; the process goes: uranium ore -> uranium oxide -> uranium hexafloride -> enrichment -> u-235), and to imply that having uranium oxide means you can automatically make a bomb is very misleading. Anyway, I'll work on it a bit and then we can see where we agree/disagree. I don't have a huge axe to grind (I have no ideological stakes in this, in what I am saying), I just find the tendency of journalists to exaggerate the Japanese and German bomb programs for sensationalist purposes ("Hitler almost had an a-bomb!") to be annoying (in the same way they exaggerate the use of espionage in the Soviet case), but this is largely because I'm an academic who has spent too much time working on nuclear weapons history. ;-) Anyway, I really do appreciate the work you did on this initially, despite my complaints; I'm well aware that it is easier to nit-pick than to write from scratch. Thank you for your patience with me!--Fastfission 06:56, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

RFC pages on VfD
Should RFC pages be placed on VfD to be deleted? I'm considering removing Requests for comment/Slrubenstein, Requests for comment/Jwrosenzweig and Requests for comment/John Kenney from WP:VFD. Each of them was listed by CheeseDreams. Your comments on whether I should do this would be appreciated. - Ta bu shi da yu 03:28, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

quicksand and granular materials
Hi Chris

I thought the merged page on granular materials was very good. Sorry about the five minutes thing... I put some talk on the discussion page. Still, this is all wiki at its best!

(funnily enough a similar thing happened to me the other day. I started a new page (Abramowitz and Stegun) and spent maybe half an hour editing it; but when I saved it my version dsappeared, having been replaced by a much more complete article that had at least three authors (none of which were me).  Weird).

Anyway, I created a new category, granular materials. I've been categorizing articles such as snow and coal. It'd be good to build this category up!

best wishes

Robinh 08:13, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi Chris, and thanks very much for the award! I'll do my best to keep up the good work.

Gordon L 00:18, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Lincoln Zephyr
Many thanks for the Lincoln Zephyr picture. It's a good one. RivGuySC 18:32, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Request for Deletion
Hi Chris73! You are an admin, who seems to be online now. Please delete these pages: User talk:Hindipremi, User talk:Sudhasnshu and User talk:Aadhar. These are not user talk pages. I saw red links to them on the Votes for deletion/Prabhasakshi page. Thinking they were user pages, I posted welcome messages. But, after a few minutes I realized that they are mere links created by 203.200.126.241 to influence the process deletion. Also, you might want to ban this IP address. Thanks in advance. utcursch 07:25, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

RE: vandalism from IP: 203.63.234.130
As is appropriate, I have now marked this IP adress by the Institution which it represents. While there may have been vandalism from this IP addresss, I contemplate that it emanates largely from one user within this institution. I will leave a note on the talk page regarding this user. Cerceole 06:38, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Friedrich Schleiermacher
thanks a lot! I appreciate your quick work.--Kentin 16:10, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sew the Wind, Reap the Whirlwind
The thing I want to know is this: is Wikipedia an encyclopedia, or is it a propaganda machine for Islamic extremists? I don't consider the removal of biased material as vandalism. If you refuse to produce objective reports on such sensitive topics, then your project is doomed in the free world. We are not idiots. We know that torture is a fact of life everywhere, but for every incident involving U.S. citizens, it happens ten thousand times in other nations, esp. within totalitarian Islamic regimes. Banning me from editing would be a big mistake. I am a VC++ programmer, and I have authored various internet tools that will make your on-line existence a living hell. I would unleash an automated army of slave-bots that would incessantly search through every Wiki site on the 'net, deleting or defacing every article in place thousands of times every hour. I will shut you DOWN like a clown. Don't mess with me, just be fair and objective. Epsilon3

 * Replacing articles with asdfasdfasdf or biased fool biased fool biased fool... is vandalism. If you do that again, you will be blocked. If you think the article is incorrect and have run into trouble fixing it, discuss it on the talk page -- Chris 73 Talk 16:20, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * You're Full of It: I discussed on the talk page, somebody agreed with me and then posted the same slanderous bullshit. I think I may make it my holiday project to get serious with Wikipedia.  I type 120 words a minute, and have authored millions of words of text and code. Be nice and either remove the U.S./torture content, or add objective reports on other nations wherein it is an every day event and not the exception to the rule. Epsilon3

 * Looking through your edits, you either blanked the pages or added nonsense text. The only sensible text was a request for more info on other countries stating Please contribute to..., and one link. Please add such requests on the talk page. The article is only for actual information, not requests. If you want the article to include torture in Iran, Syria, etc (who I believe do torture), then by all means write it, trying to use a neutral point of view. And, oh, I can program and type, too. -- Chris 73 Talk 16:32, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

This is not an open encyclopedia.
As I said, this is not an open encyclopedia. Why is it that when people are adding to the article (ex: calling contraceptives abortifacients) they are characterized as vandals? This is not an open encyclopedia as is professed. You are lying. (User:151.199.31.138)
 * Re: your vandalism on Abortion: See Neutral point of view -- Chris 73 Talk 02:25, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

yes you are right this is not an open encyclopedia at all fuck with this system they are nothing but they want to read the world what they want they are trying to force their own articles on users my article was asked to be deleted for the reason that it was written in 1st person why whats your problem with that and if i have put any link than whats your problem after internet is all about network do you want [threat] i am an ethical hacker (User:221.134.58.93)

Anaerobic respiration
Do you have any idea why Anaerobic respiration keeps on getting vandalized? I've reverted it at least 10 times over the last few weeks! JFW | T@lk  02:06, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Consumer price index
why do you say that? (check how to edit a page.. user Lightning from now on please, i'll log in)
 * It looked to me like you wanted to make a subheading by typing Uses, which i changed to ===Uses=== . No offense intended, just trying to help. -- Chris 73 Talk 06:56, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, no I was just trying to bold it. the whole section was a mess of somebody trying to make a list with carriage returns as "--" and I guess it slipped my mind that its single not double quotes to bold things... late nights, it happens. Lightning 07:03, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Toyota city
Sorry about the city name. I realizd later on I should have left it there. About the whole toyota vs toyota motor corporation, do you see another way of doing it? Thanks in advance. Christopher Mahan 00:35, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I hear you on the cars and history. I will probably do that soon. Christopher Mahan 02:14, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

German copyright protection on photographs
Chris, perchance I stumbled on your comment on User talk:Quadell, where you wrote: "I think photos in Germany are copyrighted for 50 years, but i am absolutely not certain about this." I think that's correct, see User talk:Quadell for more info. Lupo 11:43, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Blocks are not expiring
I'm posting this message on every admin who has made a block in the last few days. The title says it all really: because of a bug in the new software blocks are not expiring when their time is up. Until this is fixed can you get in the habit of manually unblocking a few everytime you block one. If everyone does this we'll be able to keep on top of things until the bug is sorted out. Note also that another bug is displaying indefinite blocks as expiring at the current time and date. obviously you don't want to unblock those. If you want to reply please do so here Theresa Knott  (The snott rake) 09:32, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for being a lot more civil RE the chennai photos than most of the people who left comments on my website. now we can back to making an encylopedia... Matthewmayer 13:24, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem, thanks for the Images. It can happen to everybody that they do something in the best intentions, and it just goes wrong. (See the fine print at the bottom of User:Chris 73...or maybe better not :) Don't let the critic get you down, and keep up the good work -- Chris 73 Talk 13:29, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

vandal
Hi. Do you want me to protect your user page for some time? -- Chris 73 Talk 09:19, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd rather he stick to my userpage actually, AOL users can be annoyingly hard to track and the cleanup would take a lot more work if this spilled out into the articles. Feel free to leave my userpage vandalised a bit, I'm sure they'll just grow bored and leave. Thanks though! --fvw* 09:23, 2004 Dec 28 (UTC)

Photographer's Barnstar
Hi Chris,

In part for your own photographs, but perhaps more for your skill in locating, uploading and organising hundreds of free use images, I think you deserve a barnstar. I'm constantly finding that you have satisfied requests for pictures at Requested_pictures and that surely merits a star. -- Solipsist 12:11, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah! Thank you very much! I love finding pics, and I am very excited to get a Barnstar! I moved the barnstar to my main page. -- Chris 73 Talk 12:14, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Pomegranate crosssection.jpg?
Hi Chris,

I noticed a broken image link at Pomegranate. You added the image link on November 12 to Image:Pomegranate crosssection.jpg, which doesn't work anymore. Did you know it was deleted? Do you know why? The image was public domain, from. I notice it's also listed in your commons:User:Chris 73/PublicDomain page, but it doesn't exist at the Commons either.

Dbenbenn 06:04, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Never mind. I went ahead and re-uploaded the image.  Dbenbenn 01:00, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

134.22.7x.xxx all blocked for a week
User:134.22.70.189, User:134.22.68.75, User:134.22.71.117 and User:134.22.70.98 are all blocked for a week for violating No personal attacks. I gave them all a warning on the 25 December, 2004. I told them that this is their last warning, and I meant it. Any queries about the block, please direct this to User talk:Ta bu shi da yu. Thanks for your support! - Ta bu shi da yu 06:10, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Re:

 * Logged in - Sswn
 * No problem -sswn 03:39, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

subsubsubstubs
I'm all for not deleting possibly valuable substubs, but isn't keeping "foo is a pokemon." going a bit far? --fvw* 03:33, 2005 Jan 2 (UTC)

I Understand
Hey, I understand, don't worry about the blocking. Like I said, this has become a good way for me to find a new friend who writes interestung articles. Someday we'll talk about Japan. I hope that you consider me among your friends in Wikipedia. Tony the Marine

Thanks
Thanks for fixing my post on that anon's talk page. I can't believe I didn't see that, I was working in a lot of tabs at once. Pakaran 15:22, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Missing images
Hi, I saw a missing image on Whistle and saw that it was you that added the link to it. On checking your contribs, I saw what seems to be you having added links to many such non-existent images. I do not know how to fix this. But I do think it's high time the links are fixed or removed. In case the non-display of those images is due to a software error or is a temporary server problem or the like, please ignore this message. Thanks, --Just my 2 cents -- Hemanshu 19:45, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Metal gearios
You actually tought Metal Gearios was advertising?! Hahahahahahaha! (User:67.168.128.159)

Yak Butter Blues
Hi. I logged on now. Is the Yak Butter Blues piece good to go? I still wrote original source you mentioned. (User:Pelegrinotrek)
 * Answered on User talk:Pelegrinotrek -- Chris 73 Talk 06:03, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

I have edited the piece. Pls. see at Yak Butter Blues: A Tibetan Trek of Faith/temp.

Jan.15: Chris, I edited the piece yesterday, and went to view it today but cannot. Is it up--or gone forever? Thanks. Pellegrinotrek

Arthur Schopenhauer
Hi Chris, your comment on Arthur Schopenhauer lasted 6 minutes until Emax vandalized it again. Then when Lupo reverted Emax's vandalism, he did not change it yet. He must be slacking off. Usually he vandalizes instantly. Have a good day, mfG 24..

 * To the anon: he's used up his three reverts for today, too. And he knows it. Lupo 09:57, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Chris: I've noticed :-) I've come across him already, and I concur with your assessment. Lupo 09:57, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Stop your edit wars
I saw your comments on your German friend talk-page User_talk:24.7.179.169, its a shame that people like you, are administrators on wikipedia.--Emax 10:01, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Admins are rarely liked by biased editors. Oh well... Chris 73 Talk 10:02, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Biased editors - do you mean your anon friend (User_talk:24.7.179.169) and his German propaganda, that you are supporting?--Emax 10:06, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)

Comments
Oh, thank you. BTW, you should know that Olsztyn was a part of Poland in 1503. If you dont even know such basic information, pls dont edit Poland-related articles and try to increase your knowledge. Have a nice day--Emax 11:14, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)

User talk:24.7.179.169
Dear Chris 73, i stumbled upon your comments at the above mentioned page and I find them highly unacceptable. While you are fully entitled to have your own views on Poland, Poles, Polish history and anything else, such comments are IMHO well overboard.

If you state that any mentioning of poland or polish in the english wikipedia cannot be trusted, then why didn't I saw you add tag to any of the articles in my watchlist? Is it that you are in fact satisfied with the alleged POV, or is it that you're making those allegations without any support in facts?

Also your statement that ''I mention these inaccurate highly NPOV (Nationalistic Polish Opinionated View) Wikipedia articles, I am specifically talking about the ones dealing with eastern European territories. Other articles might be pretty good, but those specific ones are worse than worthless'' then perhaps a decent solution would be to follow the good old wiki way, list them somewhere and try to work something out - together - instead of just bragging that the Poles this or that Poland that. If there is a strong POV - it needs to be corrected. Why to make an issue out of it while there is none?

Also, calling someone a moron is not an accepted behaviour on Wikipedia, is it. I do not think that an admin should use such words, especially in presence of a newcommer. He might draw a conclusion that, since an admin does it, it is commonly accepted in Wikipedia to offend and insult others. Finally, sorry to nitpick, but both Poland and Polish are usually written with capital letter in English. And the Polish plait, although certainly related to Poland by its name, is not a part of the Polish culture. Suggesting otherwise would be like mentioning the German disease (as it is called in many lands) or Nazism as the parts of German culture - equally wrong and equally offensive. --Halibutt 15:45, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, emax calling for help, I see. 1) The polish plait thingie was probably not the best idea, i agree. Sorry. Please also note, that i never edited the article! 2) I am thinking about adding NPOV or disputed tags to selected articles. More to come. 3) worthless articles: Please read carefully, this is a comment by the anon, not by me. 4)The user called a mxxxx has the habit of belitteling other people in his edit summaries and comments, which i also find not good. In this case, he has to live with the "mxxxx", whatever that could mean. 5) capital letters: I am sloppy about that. Live with it. Chris 73 Talk 22:48, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * My dear, the fact that Emax asked me to take a look at the anon talk page and check whether he got you right is not important here. He didn't ask for help against you, he asked for help against his own problems with English. And I find nothing wrong with that. But of course, you can see a conspiracy here. His comment on my talk page could be roughly translated as: Take a look at the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:24.7.179.169 page. Is this German admin chris 73 offending Poles or did I get it totally wrong? If he does, is his behaviour acceptable on Wikipedia?. Nothing more, nothing less. So I took a quick glance at your discussion there and found it highly improper.As to the NPOV notices - please add them or stop spreading your accusations. As simple as it is.
 * You did not edit the article, but you assumed that the disease is a part of the Polish culture, which was highly offensive and was used as such by you. Please refrain yourself from such remarks in the future.
 * Please do. That's what the Wikipedia is for and that's how it works. Otherwise it'd look as if you were spreading some bizarre stereotypes, without any backup in facts or even your own actions.
 * Sorry, I hadn't notice that. Perhaps due to the fact that you agreed with that statement, which IMHO is false and offensive. And especially so because you don't find the German NPOV (or should I say Nazi-German Point of View to follow your example?) wrong at all, but instead write about some mysterious Polish POV as if we were a single user, or some bunch of idiots who promote their propaganda.
 * I might be stupid, but not that stupid. It is clear to me what did the mxxxx remark mean and apparently it was clear to all involved, including the one offended. If you find his behaviour a good excuse to follow his ways then let me correct you: it's not a good excuse. Also, if you find his remarks in the edit summaries unacceptable - ask for comments on him or ask him to change his ways. Offending him is not the best choice. If I were you I'd apologise, but it's your choice and your sense of culture after all...
 * I'll have to live with it, but please note that contributing to English Wikipedia requires some basic knowledge of English language. I simply thought that you might not be concious of your grammatical mistakes and errors and decided to give you some hint. ::Nothing more, nothing less.
 * --Halibutt 02:30, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Will refrain, apologized already, what more do you want? Oh, and while you're at it, could you ask emax not to use Auschwitz or space cadet to use liebchen for degrading others?
 * 3) Some articles related to poland are very dubious. Arthur Schopenhauer for example is listed even on the polish wiki as filozof niemiecki, yet is constantly reverted when listed as german philosopher on the english wiki. IMHO this behavior borders on vandalism. I will add a disputed tag soon. In general, Wikipedia is often criticized as being unreliable by many, if you find that offensive then so be it.
 * 4) mxxxx was - if my memory serves you right - the first time (in about 10,000 edits) that i used a mildly offensive word. YOU are not the offended party, the offended party may contact me anytime, but then would probably have to do a whole lot of apologies to different users himself. Maybe you can ask him to apologize, too, since you asked me so nicely. That probably has more success than me asking him, since you get along with him better. And, could you suggest me a word to describe his actions? I was considering infantile, childish, or immature, but that does not include the ill intentions of his comment.
 * 5) pure lazyness. I try my best on article edits, but don't do a spellcheck on talk pages or edit summaries. Hope you noticed how i spelled german in this comment.
 * 6) Thanks for translating the polish comment, i had a go at it with a dictionary and came to similiar conclusions.
 * Chris 73 Talk 03:07, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Addendum: Just apologized to Space Cadet. -- Chris 73 Talk 03:50, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem Chris. You didn't know that me and 24.7.179.169 go way back. I don't want to tell You too much, but I know the reason why 24.7.179.169 does not have a login. And me and Emax are not the same person! I used to have a sock puppet called Mruk, but that was 3 years ago. Space Cadet 04:59, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) As far as I can tell the German word Liebchen means something similar to my dear, which is hardly offensive at all. However, if anyone found that offensive or deprecating - be sure to tell that to Space Cadet. He has his ways which are sometimes unacceptable even to me, but I doubt he had intention of offending anyone by refering to him/her so nicely. Anyway, he's quite a reasonable guy and I believe everything can be talked over.
 * 3) "Some articles" might indeed be biased towards one side or another. There is a lot of strong pro-German POV in many articles and this also needs correction, and this also is often reverted. We'll have to live with that. I believe that such problems can be (and should be) overcome on the talk pages. As to Schopenhauer - IMHO he definitely was a German and he definitely was Polish-born. If the article on him is subject to constant revert wars - why don't you try to work something out at the talk page? The compromise can be reached, really.
 * 4) I was not offended personally and that's exactly why I decided to act as a moderator, especially that I didn't take part in any conflicts with you in the past (or at least I don't remember). I hope you don't mind. As to his actions - you can call them anyhow you like. There's a long-established tradition in the UK that states that one can say that the king's actions or oppinions are idiotic, but noone can say that the king as such is an idiot. The earlier is criticism, the latter is an offence. Finally, if you believe his actions were childish, stupid, irresponsible or anything - there's his User talk:Space Cadet to work it out. I'm glad you discovered that page and I can only hope that SC will show equal responsibility.
 * 5) No problem, this was but a nitpicking and should be treated as such.
 * 6) You're welcome, I simply thought that you might be interested in what he wrote in Polish. Also, if someone draws my attention to some case, I usually try to read it first and draw my conclusions myself, instead of accepting anyone's views on it. This was the case with the anon talk page and I hope my influence was of some help.

--Regards, Halibutt 05:07, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't answer this question, Chris. It's up to 24.7.179.169, not me. But changing the subject drastically: can You nominate Halibutt for Administratorship? Your friend, Space Cadet 05:10, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) Liebchen is an outdated old form, which lowers the status of the addressee. A closer translation would be "sweetie-pie". While I would be not outraged if addressed in this manner, it would leave a certain hostility to its user. If possible, avoid its use in the future.
 * 3) I'll work on Schopenhauer. Just added German philosopher born in Gdańsk, Poland for a try.
 * 4) Seems i am getting along better with space cadet, although i still disagree with many of his edits.
 * 5) (resolved)
 * 6) Thanks again.
 * I didn't notice right away that you were moderating, since you mainly commented about my behavior, but little about the other parties. In any case, thanks for the help.-- Chris 73 Talk 05:31, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)

Commons-Image
Thanks for information. This image is from de.wikipedia., I loaded up there. But only on this one i didn't load up the License-info - and I cannot remeber. So it has to be deleted, sorry. Greetings, Leon [[User talk:LeonWeber|À! | GerWP GerWP À! ]] 15:25, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

"Tatung Einstein" and disambiguation
Why do you feel a "For other topics..." heading is required at Tatung Einstein? It seems to me (and presumably to Gzornenplatz, too) that this use of "Einstein" is an uncommon one and not likely cause confusion with other topics.

The only relevant policy I can find is this example given in Disambiguation:

 * "Primary topic" disambiguation: if one meaning is clearly predominant, it remains at "Mercury", the general title. The top of the article provides a link to the other meanings, or if there are a large number, to a page named "Mercury (disambiguation)".

Simon 18:40, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Cerro de la Silla
Hey Chris 73, I just wanted to let you know that I posted a cropped version of the Cerro de la Silla picture on FPC, and am wondering if you would still support it. Thanks alot! --Spangineer ∞ 00:12, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)

Polar cap
You added a redirect to Geographical pole. Wouldn't Polar ice cap be a better redirect? Markaci 04:07, 2005 Jan 24 (UTC)
 * True. I'll change it -- Chris 73 Talk 04:07, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)

Someone does not like you
Hello, I just blocked User:Chris 73 sucks infinite for having an offensive username. Just to let you know, jni 09:37, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey, my first personal vandal! Now I really feel like an admin. Thanks for blocking that guy. -- Chris 73 Talk 09:41, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC) (the real one)

Arbitration committee
No worries, Chris. I didn't take it that you were out to block someone. It was a confusing ruling. Best, SlimVirgin 15:16, Jan 26, 2005 (UTC)

Same here Chris, I didn't see it as you trying to block me, but merely to clarify the ArbCom ruling. Thanks for taking an interest. Jayjg |  (Talk)  15:45, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Reversion at WP:VFD/List of ethnic stereotypes
I'm confused by your reversion of me at WP:VFD/List of ethnic stereotypes. The text removed by CPS doesn't look like a personal attack at all to my eye, as opposed to a legitimate inquiry. Even if construed as an attack, only Lokifer's reasoning should be removed, not the entirety of his vote. CPS' edit summary was a great deal more egregious. (I'll watch this page, so please reply here.) —Korath (Talk) 06:34, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * I am terribly sorry! I do not remember to have reverted this edit, and may have clicked on the 'Revert' link by accident when I checked the revert by Korath. Lokifer's comment was absolutely OK, and I sincerely hope that this article gets deleted. My sincere apologies for the confusion and for my mistake, and thanks a lot for the fix. -- Chris 73 Talk 06:41, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)

TRR - Race
I noticed you reverted User:Jalnet2 then blocked him for violation of the three revert rule. While this is not exactly prohibited, it's frowned upon to block people whom you have reverted unless it's clear vandalism. However, it was rather obvious he broke the rule, and so I don't think you were in the wrong :-). Cheers, ugen 64 02:49, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I reverted him because more than three reverts are not permitted. I had the option of blocking him, which i did initially, but unblocked him again a minute later because he already got a warning for the last revert. Since he was not allowed to do the last revert, i undid his revert (regardless of content), sort of a last try to see if the warning worked before blocking him. Obviously, it didn't, since he reverted again, and got blocked by me for 3RR. Disclosure: I am not involved in the current conflict on Race, and havent edited the page in quite some time (although i had a conflict there a few months ago about the race mugshot picture). Hope this answers your questions -- Chris 73 Talk 02:55, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, okay, that's all right then :-). Cheers, ugen 64 02:56, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for helping out at Race, Chris. Hopefully the 24 hours will help Jalnet to cool down. I also want to say that I've just read Japanese toilet, which I see is mostly your work, and I think it's a wonderful article, fascinating and well-written. It kept my attention all the way through and in fact I was disappointed when it came to an end. There aren't many articles I can say that about . . . ;-) SlimVirgin 02:58, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the compliments :) -- Chris 73 Talk 11:31, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)

Personnal Attack
"Polish nationalist" was also a personnal attack, i wonder why do you not say the same to Sca? BTW "pickelhaube" was not used by myself - many germans are proud of the history of prussia, so i dont understand whats wrong with the "pickelhaube"--Emax 11:06, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sca called Poles "Polish nationalists" many times (seems its normal in germany but not for me) - i have already written to him that "wie man in den wald ruft, so schallt es zuruck"--Emax 11:16, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Not for me - its ironicly, that someone whos family members marched with "stahhelms" through my country and murdered my family members in the name of the masterrace, calling me today a nationalist.--Emax 11:36, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Im always nice to people if they are also nice to me :)--Emax 11:44, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Chris 73/Archive 004


text:
Asclepiadoideae

The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, it was treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family.

They form a group of perennial herbs, twining shrubs, lianas or rarely trees but notably also contain a significant number of leafless stem succulents. The name comes from the type genus Asclepias (milkweeds).

There are 348 genera, with about 2,900 species. They are mainly located in the tropics to subtropics, especially in Africa and South America.

The florally-advanced tribe Stapelieae within this family contains several relatively familiar stem succulent genera, such as Orbea, Huernia, Stapelia and Hoodia. They are remarkable for the complex mechanisms which they have developed for pollination, independently parallel to the unrelated Orchidaceae, such as the grouping of their pollen into pollinia. The "fragrance" (or odor) of the flowers, often called "carrion flowers", attracts flies, the chief pollinators for these plants. Additionally, the color, appearance and texture of the flowers often is thought to resemble decaying flesh or raw meat to further entice pollination by flies.

Many new hybrids have been formed due to the unique fertilization method of the flowers.

Taxonomy
Gilbert Thomas Burnett in 1835 is considered to be the first botanist to recognize a primary division of the family Apocynaceae using the name Asclepiadeae, an ending now used for tribes rather than subfamilies. In 2014, Endress, Liede-Schumann and Meve recognised five tribes within the subfamily. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 confirmed the distinctness of the five tribes, which were related as shown in the following cladogram:

Tribes and genera
The assignment of genera to tribes is based on Endress, Liede-Schumann and Meve (2014), with synonyms from Plants of the World Online.

Asclepiadeae

 * Araujia Brot.
 * Asclepias L., including Aidomene Stopp , Odontostelma Rendle , Trachycalymma (K.Schum.)
 * Aspidoglossum E.Mey.
 * Aspidonepsis Nicholas
 * Astephanus R.Br.
 * Barjonia Decne.
 * Blepharodon Decne.
 * Calciphila Liede
 * Calotropis R.Br.
 * Cordylogyne E.Mey.
 * Cynanchum L., including Adelostemma Hook.f. , Glossonema Decne. , Metaplexis R.Br. , Pentarrhinum E.Mey. , Seshagiria Ansari , Sichuania M.G.Gilbert
 * Diplolepis R.Br.
 * Ditassa R.Br.
 * Fanninia Harv.
 * Fischeria DC.
 * Funastrum E.Fourn.
 * Glossostelma Schltr.
 * Gomphocarpus R.Br.
 * Gonolobus Michx.
 * Graphistemma (Champ.
 * Gyrostelma E.Fourn.
 * Hemipogon Decne.
 * Holostemma R.Br.
 * Hypolobus E.Fourn.
 * Ibatia Decne.
 * Jobinia E.Fourn.
 * Kanahia R.Br.
 * Lachnostoma Kunth
 * Macroscepis Kunth
 * Mahawoa Schltr.
 * Margaretta Oliv.
 * Matelea Aubl.
 * Metastelma R.Br.
 * Microloma R.Br.
 * Minaria T.U.P.Konno
 * Miraglossum Kupicha
 * Monsanima Liede
 * Morrenia Lindl.
 * Nautonia Decne.
 * Nephradenia Decne.
 * Odontanthera Wight
 * Oncinema Arn.
 * Orthosia Decne.
 * Oxypetalum R.Br.
 * Oxystelma R.Br.
 * Pachycarpus E.Mey.
 * Parapodium E.Mey.
 * Pentacyphus Schltr., including Tetraphysa Schltr.
 * Pentastelma Tsiang
 * Pentatropis R.Br.
 * Peplonia Decne.
 * Pergularia L.
 * Petalostelma E.Fourn.
 * Phaeostemma E.Fourn.
 * Pherotrichis Decne.
 * Philibertia Kunth, including Mitostigma Decne.
 * Pseudolachnostoma Morillo
 * Raphistemma Wall.
 * Rhyssostelma Decne.
 * Rhytidostemma Morillo
 * Rojasia Malme
 * Schizoglossum E.Mey.
 * Schizostephanus Hochst.
 * Schubertia Mart.
 * Scyphostelma Baill.
 * Solenostemma Hayne
 * Stathmostelma K.Schum.
 * Stelmagonum Baill.
 * Stenostelma Schltr.
 * Tassadia Decne., including Stenomeria Turcz.
 * Tweedia Hook.
 * Tylodontia Griseb.
 * Vincetoxicum Wolf, including Merrillanthus Chun , Oncostemma K.Schum. , Rhyncharrhena F.Muell.
 * Widgrenia Malme
 * Woodia Schltr.
 * Xysmalobium R.Br.

Ceropegieae

 * Anisotoma Fenzl
 * Apteranthes J.C.Mikan
 * Australluma Plowes
 * Baynesia Bruyns
 * Boucerosia Wight
 * Brachystelma Sims
 * Caralluma R.Br.
 * Caudanthera Plowes
 * Ceropegia L.
 * Conomitra Fenzl
 * Desmidorchis Ehrenb.
 * Duvalia Haw.
 * Duvaliandra M.G.Gilbert
 * Echidnopsis Hook.f.
 * Edithcolea N.E.Br.
 * Emplectanthus N.E.Br.
 * Heterostemma Wight
 * Hoodia Sweet
 * Huernia R.Br.
 * Larryleachia Plowes
 * Lavrania Plowes
 * Leptadenia R.Br.
 * Monolluma Plowes
 * Neoschumannia Schltr.
 * Notechidnopsis Lavranos
 * Ophionella Bruyns
 * Orbea Haw., including Orbeanthus L.C.Leach
 * Orthanthera Wight
 * Pectinaria Haw.
 * Pentasacme Wall.
 * Piaranthus R.Br.
 * Pseudolithos P.R.O.Bally, including Anomalluma Plowes
 * Quaqua N.E.Br.
 * Rhytidocaulon P.R.O.Bally
 * Richtersveldia Meve
 * Riocreuxia Decne.
 * Sisyranthus E.Mey.
 * Socotrella Bruyns
 * Stapelia L.
 * Stapelianthus Choux
 * Stapeliopsis Pillans
 * Tavaresia Welw.
 * Tridentea Haw.
 * Tromotriche Haw.
 * Whitesloanea Chiov.

Eustegieae

 * Emicocarpus R.Br.
 * Eustegia K.Schum. & Schltr.

Fockeeae

 * Cibirhiza Bruyns
 * Fockea Endl.

Marsdenieae

 * Anatropanthus Schltr.
 * Anisopus N.E.Br.
 * Asterostemma Decne.
 * Campestigma Pierre
 * Cionura Griseb.
 * Cosmostigma Wight
 * Dischidia R.Br.
 * Dolichopetalum Tsiang
 * Gongronema (Endl.)
 * Gunnessia P.I.Forst.
 * Gymnema R.Br.
 * Heynella Backer
 * Hoya R.Br., including Cathetostemma Blume , Clemensiella Schltr.
 * Jasminanthes Blume
 * Lygisma Hook.f.
 * Marsdenia R.Br.
 * Oreosparte Schltr.
 * Pycnorhachis Benth.
 * Rhyssolobium E.Mey.
 * Sarcolobus R.Br., including Quisumbingia Merr.
 * Stephanotis Thouars, including Dregea E.Mey. , Wattakaka Hassk.
 * Stigmatorhynchus Schltr.
 * Telosma Coville
 * Treutlera Hook.f.

Other genera
These genera are not accepted within Asclepiadoideae by Endress et al. (2014), but are accepted by Plants of the World Online. Tribal placements below are from GRIN-Global, where given.

 * Dalzielia Turrill – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)
 * Decanema Decne. – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Cynanchum)
 * Dischidanthus Tsiang – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)
 * Gymnemopsis Costantin – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)
 * Kerbera E.Fourn. – Asclepiadeae
 * Leichhardtia R.Br.
 * Manothrix Miers
 * Periglossum Decne. – Asclepiadeae
 * Polystemma Decne., including Microdactylon – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Matelea)
 * Ptycanthera Decne. – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Matelea)
 * Ruehssia H.Karst. ex Schltdl. – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)
 * Schistonema Schltr. – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Tweedia)
 * Vailia Rusby – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of  Blepharodon)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Asclepiadoideae


text:
Union of Slavic Churches of Evangelical Christians and Slavic Baptists of Canada

The Union of Slavic Churches of Evangelical Christians and Slavic Baptists of Canada is a religious and charitable organization. It was incorporated in 1963 and is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In 1995, the Union had about 500 members in 11 churches.

According to the Canadian Revenue Agency, the organization's ongoing programs are providing spiritual and financial support to Slavic Baptist churches and running a summer camp.


text:
Robert Kahn (computer scientist)

Bob Kahn (born 1938) is an American electrical engineer who, along with Vint Cerf, first proposed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

In 2004, Kahn won the Turing Award with Vint Cerf for their work on TCP/IP.

Early life and education
Robert Elliot Kahn was born in December 1938 in New York to parents Beatrice Pauline (née Tashker) and Lawrence Kahn in an Ashkenazi Jewish family. Through his father, he is related to futurist Herman Kahn. After receiving a B.E.E. degree in electrical engineering from the City College of New York in 1960, Kahn went on to Princeton University where he earned a M.A. in 1962 and Ph.D. in 1964, both in electrical engineering. At Princeton, he was advised by Bede Liu and completed a doctoral dissertation titled "Some problems in the sampling and modulation of signals."

Career
He first worked at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., where he was the principal designer of the ARPANET. In the fall of 1972, he demonstrated the ARPANET by connecting 20 different computers at the International Conference on Computer Communications (ICCC), "the watershed event that made people suddenly realize that packet switching was a real technology."

In 1972 joined the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) within DARPA. He then helped develop the TCP/IP protocols for connecting diverse computer networks. After he became director of IPTO, he started the United States government's billion dollar Strategic Computing Initiative, the largest computer research and development program ever undertaken by the U.S. federal government.

After thirteen years with DARPA, Kahn left to found the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) in 1986, and remains its chairman, CEO and president.

The Internet
While working on the SATNET satellite packet network project, he came up with the initial ideas for what later became the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which was intended as a replacement for an earlier network protocol, NCP, used in the ARPANET. TCP played a major role in forming the basis of internetworking, which would allow computers and networks all over the world to communicate with each other, regardless of what hardware or software the computers on each network used. To reach this goal, TCP was designed to have the following features: Vint Cerf joined him on the project in the spring of 1973, and together they completed an early version of TCP. Later, the protocol was separated into two separate layers: host-to-host communication would be handled by TCP, with Internet Protocol (IP) handling internetwork communication. The two together are usually referred to as TCP/IP, and form part of the basis for the modern Internet.
 * Small sub-sections of the whole network would be able to talk to each other through a specialized computer that only forwarded packets (first called a gateway, and now called a router).
 * No portion of the network would be the single point of failure, or would be able to control the whole network.
 * Each piece of information sent through the network would be given a sequence number, to ensure that they were dealt with in the right order at the destination computer, and to detect the loss of any of them.
 * A computer which sent information to another computer would know that it was successfully received when the destination computer sent back a special packet, called an acknowledgement (ACK), for that particular piece of information.
 * If information sent from one computer to another was lost, the information would be retransmitted, after the loss was detected by a timeout, which would recognize that the expected acknowledgement had not been received.
 * Each piece of information sent through the network would be accompanied by a checksum, calculated by the original sender, and checked by the ultimate receiver, to ensure that it was not damaged in any way en route.

In 1992 he co-founded with Vint Cerf the Internet Society, to provide leadership in Internet related standards, education, and policy.

Awards
In 1981, Bob Kahn was elevated to the grade of IEEE fellow for original work in packet switching mobile radio telecommunications technology. He was elected as a member to the National Academy of Engineering in 1987 for research contributions in computer networks and packet switching, and for creative management contributions to research efforts in computers and communications. He was elected a Founding Fellow of Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 1990.

He was awarded the SIGCOMM Award in 1993 for "visionary technical contributions and leadership in the development of information systems technology", and shared the 2004 Turing Award with Vint Cerf, for "pioneering work on internetworking, including .. the Internet's basic communications protocols .. and for inspired leadership in networking."

He is a recipient of the AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award, the Marconi Award, the ACM SIGCOMM Award, the President's Award from ACM, the IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computer and Communications Award, the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, the IEEE Third Millennium Medal, the ACM Software Systems Award, the Computerworld/Smithsonian Award, the ASIS Special Award and the Public Service Award from the Computing Research Board. He has twice received the Secretary of Defense Civilian Service Award.

He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Pavia in 1998.

He was awarded the Stibitz-Wilson Award from the American Computer & Robotics Museum in 1999 for Pioneering the Internet through Major Design and Development Contributor to the Original ARPANET NCP Protocol and Co-Inventor of the Internet's TCP/IP Protocol.

He is a recipient of the 1997 National Medal of Technology, the 2001 Charles Stark Draper Prize from the National Academy of Engineering, the 2002 Prince of Asturias Award, and the 2004 A. M. Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery. Kahn received the 2003 Digital ID World award for the Digital Object Architecture as a significant contribution (technology, policy or social) to the digital identity industry.

In 2005 he was awarded the Townsend Harris Medal from the Alumni Association of the City College of New York, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the C & C Prize in Tokyo, Japan.

He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in May 2006.

He was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 2006 "for pioneering technical contributions to internetworking and for leadership in the application of networks to scientific research."

He was awarded the 2008 Japan Prize for his work in "Information Communication Theory and Technology" (together with Vinton Cerf).

The duo were also awarded with the Harold Pender Award, the highest honor awarded by the University of Pennsylvania School Engineering and Applied Sciences, in February 2010.
 * In 2001 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
 * Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf were each inducted as an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication (STC) in May 2006.

He has also served on the board of directors for Qualcomm.

In 2012, Kahn was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society.

In 2013 Kahn was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering.

Kahn received the 2024 IEEE Medal of Honor for "pioneering technical and leadership contributions in packet communication technologies and foundations of the Internet."

Honorary degrees
Kahn has received honorary degrees from Princeton University, University of Pavia, ETH Zurich, University of Maryland, George Mason University, the University of Central Florida and the University of Pisa, and an honorary fellowship from University College, London.

In 2012 he was also recognized as honorary doctor of Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics.

Articles

 * Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn, Al Gore and the Internet, 2000-09-28

title: Robert Kahn (computer scientist)


text:
User:GregorBrand

Gregor Brand (born in 1957 in Bettenfeld, district Bernkastel-Wittlich, Germany) is a German writer.

Books

 * Ausschaltversuche. Gedichte (1985). ISBN 3925106006
 * Der schwarze Drachen stürzt ins Meer. Gedichte (1987). ISBN 3925106014
 * Spätes Zweites Jahrtausend. Gedichte (1998) ISBN 392510609X
 * Gesammelte Gedichte I (2000). ISBN 3925106103
 * Sefer Pralnik. Kleine Gedichte (2001). ISBN 3925106154
 * ''Meschalim. Zweitausend Aphorismen (2007). ISBN 9783925106224
 * ''Kinder der Eifel - aus anderer Zeit. Eifler Persönlichkeiten, die Geschichte machten. Edited by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Hermann Simon. (2013). ISBN 9783981058833
 * ''Bibliografie der Veröffentlichungen 1983-2017. (2018). ISBN 9783746049878
 * ''Kinder der Eifel - aus anderer Zeit II. Edited by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Hermann Simon). (2018). ISBN 9783752830842
 * ''Eifelgedichte. (2018). ISBN 9783748173465
 * ''Die Zeit vergeht schneller, als sie denkt. Aphorismen. (2019). ISBN 9783734777707
 * ''Kinder der Eifel - aus anderer Zeit III. Eifler Persönlichkeiten, die Geschichte machten. Edited by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Hermann Simon. (2021). ISBN 9783753424231

title: User:GregorBrand


text: User:Angela/Wikistress

title: User:Angela/Wikistress


text:
2003 Guatemalan general election

General elections were held in Guatemala on 9 November 2003, with a second round of the presidential election held on 28 December. Óscar Berger won the presidential election, representing the Grand National Alliance, a coalition of alliance of the Patriotic Party, the Reform Movement and the National Solidarity Party. The Alliance were also victorious in the Congressional elections, winning 47 of the 158 seats. Voter turnout was 57.9% in the Congressional elections, 58.9% in the first round of the presidential elections and 46.8% in the second.

Presidential election
The ruling Republican Front of Guatemala (FRG) nominated former military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt to succeed outgoing president Alfonso Portillo Cabrera. A constitutional ban on former coup leaders (Ríos Montt during 1982–83) led to strong conflict inside the country, including the besiegement of Guatemala for a day: 24 July 2003, known as jueves negro ("Black Thursday"). In the first round of voting, Ríos Montt came third behind the centrist mayor of Guatemala City, Óscar Berger, and the more left-wing candidate Álvaro Colom.

title: 2003 Guatemalan general election


text:
Banach–Mazur game

In general topology, set theory and game theory, a Banach–Mazur game is a topological game played by two players, trying to pin down elements in a set (space). The concept of a Banach–Mazur game is closely related to the concept of Baire spaces. This game was the first infinite positional game of perfect information to be studied. It was introduced by Stanisław Mazur as problem 43 in the Scottish book, and Mazur's questions about it were answered by Banach.

Definition
Let $$Y$$ be a non-empty topological space, $$X$$ a fixed subset of $$Y$$ and $$\mathcal{W}$$ a family of subsets of $$Y$$ that have the following properties:

 * Each member of $$\mathcal{W}$$ has non-empty interior.
 * Each non-empty open subset of $$Y$$ contains a member of $$\mathcal{W}$$.

Players, $$P_1$$ and $$P_2$$ alternately choose elements from $$\mathcal{W}$$ to form a sequence $$W_0 \supseteq W_1 \supseteq \cdots.$$

$$P_1$$ wins if and only if

 * $$X \cap \left (\bigcap_{n<\omega} W_n \right ) \neq \emptyset.$$

Otherwise, $$P_2$$ wins. This is called a general Banach–Mazur game and denoted by $$MB(X,Y, \mathcal{W}).$$

Properties

 * $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy if and only if $$X$$ is of the first category in $$Y$$ (a set is of the first category or meagre if it is the countable union of nowhere-dense sets).
 * If $$Y$$ is a complete metric space, $$P_1$$ has a winning strategy if and only if $$X$$ is comeager in some non-empty open subset of $$Y.$$
 * If $$X$$ has the Baire property in $$Y$$, then $$MB(X,Y,\mathcal{W})$$ is determined.
 * The siftable and strongly-siftable spaces introduced by Choquet can be defined in terms of stationary strategies in suitable modifications of the game. Let $$BM(X)$$ denote a modification of $$MB(X,Y,\mathcal{W})$$ where $$X=Y, \mathcal{W}$$ is the family of all non-empty open sets in $$X$$ and $$P_2$$ wins a play $$(W_0, W_1, \cdots)$$ if and only if
 * $$\bigcap_{n<\omega} W_n \neq \emptyset.$$
 * Then $$X$$ is siftable if and only if $$P_2$$ has a stationary winning strategy in $$BM(X).$$

 * A Markov winning strategy for $$P_2$$ in $$BM(X)$$ can be reduced to a stationary winning strategy. Furthermore, if $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy in $$BM(X)$$, then $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy depending only on two preceding moves.  It is still an unsettled question whether a winning strategy for $$P_2$$ can be reduced to a winning strategy that depends only on the last two moves of $$P_1$$.
 * $$X$$ is called weakly $$\alpha$$-favorable if $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy in $$BM(X)$$. Then, $$X$$ is a Baire space if and only if $$P_1$$ has no winning strategy in $$BM(X)$$. It follows that each weakly $$\alpha$$-favorable space is a Baire space.

Many other modifications and specializations of the basic game have been proposed: for a thorough account of these, refer to [1987].

The most common special case arises when $$Y = J = [0, 1]$$ and $$\mathcal{W}$$ consist of all closed intervals in the unit interval. Then $$P_1$$ wins if and only if $$X \cap (\cap_{n<\omega} J_n) \neq \emptyset$$ and $$P_2$$ wins if and only if $$X\cap (\cap_{n<\omega} J_n) = \emptyset$$. This game is denoted by $$MB(X, J).$$

A simple proof: winning strategies
It is natural to ask for what sets $$X$$ does $$P_2$$ have a winning strategy in $$MB(X,Y,\mathcal W)$$. Clearly, if $$X$$ is empty, $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy, therefore the question can be informally rephrased as how "small" (respectively, "big") does $$X$$ (respectively, the complement of $$X$$ in $$Y$$) have to be to ensure that $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy. The following result gives a flavor of how the proofs used to derive the properties in the previous section work:

 * Proposition. $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy in $$MB(X,Y,\mathcal W)$$ if $$X$$ is countable, $$Y$$ is T1, and $$Y$$ has no isolated points.

 * Proof. Index the elements of X as a sequence: $$x_1, x_2, \cdots.$$ Suppose $$P_1$$ has chosen $$W_1,$$ if $$U_1$$ is the non-empty interior of $$W_1$$ then $$U_1 \setminus \{x_1\}$$ is a non-empty open set in $$Y,$$ so $$P_2$$ can choose $$\mathcal{W} \ni W_2 \subset U_1 \setminus \{x_1\}.$$ Then $$P_1$$ chooses $$W_3 \subset W_2$$ and, in a similar fashion, $$P_2$$ can choose $$W_4 \subset W_3$$ that excludes $$x_2$$.  Continuing in this way, each point $$x_n$$ will be excluded by the set $$W_{2n},$$ so that the intersection of all $$W_n$$ will not intersect $$X$$.

The assumptions on $$Y$$ are key to the proof: for instance, if $$Y=\{a,b,c\}$$ is equipped with the discrete topology and $$\mathcal{W}$$ consists of all non-empty subsets of $$Y$$, then $$P_2$$ has no winning strategy if $$X=\{a\}$$ (as a matter of fact, her opponent has a winning strategy). Similar effects happen if $$Y$$ is equipped with indiscrete topology and $$\mathcal{W}=\{Y\}.$$

A stronger result relates $$X$$ to first-order sets.

 * Proposition. $$P_2$$ has a winning strategy in $$MB(X,Y,\mathcal W)$$ if and only if $$X$$ is meagre.

This does not imply that $$P_1$$ has a winning strategy if $$X$$ is not meagre. In fact, if $$Y$$ is a complete metric space, then $$P_1$$ has a winning strategy if and only if there is some $$W_i \in \mathcal{W}$$ such that $$X \cap W_i$$ is a comeagre subset of $$W_i.$$ It may be the case that neither player has a winning strategy: let $$Y$$ be the unit interval and $$\mathcal{W}$$ be the family of closed intervals in the unit interval. The game is determined if the target set has the property of Baire, i.e. if it differs from an open set by a meagre set (but the converse is not true). Assuming the axiom of choice, there are subsets of the unit interval for which the Banach–Mazur game is not determined.

title: Banach–Mazur game


text:
2010 Commonwealth Games

The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Delhi 2010, was an international multi-sport event for the members of the Commonwealth that was held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 4352 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and India, eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event.

It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. It was also the first time a Commonwealth republic hosted the games, second in a country not presently headed by the British monarch since Malaysia in 1998. The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the official song of the Games, "Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto", was composed by Academy and Grammy awardee Indian recording artist A.R. Rahman.

Preparation for the Games received widespread international media attention, with criticism being levelled against the organisers for the slow pace of work, as well as issues related to security and hygiene. In spite of threats of boycotts and athlete withdrawals however, all member nations of the Commonwealth of Nations participated in the event, with the exceptions of Fiji, which is suspended from the Commonwealth, and Tokelau, which didn't send a team.

The internationally acclaimed opening ceremony improved the image of the Games, and dispelled negative notions surrounding them, with many observers remarking that they began on an apprehensive note, but were an exceptional experience with a largely positive ending. The President of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge, said that India had made a good foundation for a future Olympics bid, which was reiterated by the Australian Minister of Sports. Commonwealth games Federation chief Mike Fennell stated that "Delhi delivered a fantastic Games". Some observers accused sections of the media of bias, unfair expectations, and negative reporting.

The final medal tally was led by Australia with 74 golds and 177 most medals overall. The host nation India achieved its best performance ever at the Commonwealth Games, finishing second overall by winning 38 golds and 101 total medals.

Host selection
Delhi was selected as the host city of the 2010 Commonwealth Games on 14 November 2003 during the CGF General Assembly in Montego Bay, Jamaica, defeating bid from Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. India's bid motto was New Frontiers and Friendships.

India shifted the balance in its favour in the second round of voting with a promise that it would provide US$100,000 to each participating country, along with air tickets, boarding, lodging and transport. The successful 2003 Afro-Asian Games held in Hyderabad was also seen as having shown that India has the resources, infrastructure and technical know-how to stage a big sporting event. Meanwhile, Hamilton struggled with the notion a country would not be awarded two major multi-sport events in the same year, after Vancouver was awarded the 2010 Winter Olympics earlier in the year.

Delhi bid for the 1990 and 1994 Commonwealth Games but lost to Auckland and Victoria respectively. The Hamilton bid was Canada's attempt to hold the games for the fifth time.

Organising committee
The organisation of 2010 Commonwealth Games was beset by delays: in January 2010, the Indian Olympic Association vice-chairman Raja Randhir Singh expressed concern that Delhi was not up to speed in forming and organising its games committee and, following a 2009 Indian Government report showing two-thirds of venues were behind schedule, Commonwealth Games Federation president Mike Fennell stated that the slow progress of preparations represented a serious risk to the event. Singh also called for a revamp of the games' organising committees: Jarnail Singh, a former Secretary of the Government of India, was appointed as the chief executive officer and Indian Olympic Association president Suresh Kalmadi was appointed as head of the committee. In spite of delays and the corruption cases levied on the organisers, commentators stated that they were confident that India will successfully host the games and do so on time.

At the launch of the Queen's Baton Relay in October 2009, the Business Club of India (BCI) was formed through the partnership of the organising committee, the Confederation of Indian Industry and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. The BCI was formed to both market the Games and promote Indian business interests internationally.

Venues
Events took place at 12 competition venues. A total of 20 training venues were used in the Games. Of these 20, one was used for archery; three for aquatics; two for lawn bowls; two for netball; eight for rugby sevens, including seven venues within Delhi University; two for shooting; one for squash; two for table tennis; one for weightlifting, three for wrestling and two for tennis.

A total of five venues were newly constructed for the event; the Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range, the Siri Fort Sports Complex, the Thyagaraj Sports Complex, the Yamuna Sports Complex as well as a rugby sevens facility in Delhi University Stadium. This does not include the two venues—the Indira Gandhi Sports Complex and Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium—that received major renovations or an uplift. All other venues had existed prior to the event. The largest venue was the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, with a capacity of 60,000, was the main venue of the event, hosting both the opening and the closing ceremonies. On the other hand, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Shooting Range located in Kadarpur had the smallest seating capacity, at 345.

There were three main non-competition venues in the event, besides the Commonwealth Games Village; namely the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee Headquarters, the Main Media Centre, and the Games Family Hotel, Hotel Ashok.

Commonwealth Games Village
The Commonwealth Games Village provided accommodation and training for athletes of the Games, and was opened from 23 September to 18 October 2010. It is located along the east bank of the River Yamuna, in proximity to competition and training venues as well as city landmarks, and is spread over an area of 63.5 ha. Comprising five main zones—the Residential Zone, the International Zone, the Training Area, the Main Dining and the Operational Zone—the Games Village, which was a non-smoking zone, was universally accessible particularly to accommodate para-sport athletes. Free accommodation for all athletes at the Games Village, as well as free transport and other benefits, such as a free trip to the famed Taj Mahal and a reserved lane for participants on selected highways were provided. The Games Village accommodated over 8,000 athletes and officials for the Games.

Budget
The initial total budget estimated by the Indian Olympic Association in 2003 for hosting the Games was inr 16200000000. In 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated inr 115000000000, a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development. Business Today magazine estimated that the Games cost inr 700000000000. The 2010 Commonwealth Games was reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever.

Transport
A four-lane flyway, 2.2 km stretch from Lodhi Road to trans-Yamuna, linking the Games Village to the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was constructed which reduced the travelling time between the village and the Stadium to six minutes.

In response to concerns over the large number of trains that pass by the Delhi metropolitan region daily, construction of road under-bridges and over-bridges along railway lines have been completed. To expand road infrastructure, flyovers, cloverleaf flyovers, and bridges were built to improve links for the Games and city in general. Road-widening projects were finished with an emphasis being placed on expanding national highways. To improve traffic flow on existing roads, plans were made to make both the inner and outer Ring roads signal free.

To support its commitment to mass transport, nine corridors have been identified and were constructed as High Capacity Bus Systems (for example, one from Ambedkar Nagar to Red Fort). Six of these corridors were expected to be operational in 2010. Additionally, The Delhi Metro was expanded to accommodate more people and boost the use of public transport during the event. The metro has extended to Gurgaon and the Noida area. For this large increase in the size of the network, Delhi Metro had deployed 14 tunnel boring machines. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used to tag vehicles in venue parking lots to help organise mass parking and increase security.

Indira Gandhi International Airport was modernised, expanded, and upgraded. Costing nearly $1.95 billion, Terminal 3 has increased airport passenger capacity to more than 37 million passengers a year by 2010. A new runway has been constructed, allowing for more than 75 flights an hour. At more than 4400 metres long, it is one of Asia's longest. The airport has been connected to the city via a six-lane expressway (Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway) and the $580 million Delhi Airport Metro Express line.

Green Games
The organisers signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United Nations Environment Programme to show the intention to host a "sustainable games" and to take the environment into consideration when constructing and renovating venues. Thyagaraj Stadium is intended to be a key example of environmentally considered construction.

In opposition to this intention, a number of environmental controversies arose and the adverse ecological impact of various aspects of the games have been protested by city residents. City residents filed a public interest petition to the Supreme Court of India against the felling of 'heritage' trees in the Siri Fort area to make way for Games facilities. The court appointed architect Charles Correa to assess the impact and he severely criticised the designs on ecological grounds. In spite of this, in April 2009 the Supreme Court allowed the construction on the grounds that "much time had been lost" and "the damage already caused to the environment could not be undone".

The Commonwealth Games village, located on the flood plains of the Yamuna, has also been the subject of controversies about the flouting of ecological norms. After a prolonged legal battle between city residents and the state, construction was permitted to continue on the basis of an order of the Supreme Court of India in July 2009, which held that the government had satisfied the requirements of "due process of the law" by issuing public notice of its intention to begin construction work in September 1999 (a date four years prior to the acceptance of Delhi's bid for the games).

Queen's baton relay
The Queen's Baton Relay began when the baton, which contains Elizabeth II's message to the athletes, left Buckingham Palace on 29 October 2009. The baton arrived at the 2010 Games opening ceremony on 3 October 2010, after visiting the other 54 nations of the Commonwealth and travelling throughout India, reaching millions of people to join in the celebrations for the Games. The baton arrived in India on 25 June 2010 through the Wagah Border crossing from Pakistan.

The baton was designed by Michael Foley of Foley Designs and a graduate of the National Institute of Design. It is a triangular section of aluminium twisted into a helix shape and then coated with coloured soils collected from all the regions of India. The coloured soils are a first for the styling of a Queen's Baton. A jewel-encrusted box was used to house the Queen's message, which was laser-engraved onto a miniature 18 carat gold leaf—representative of the ancient Indian 'patras. The Queen's baton is ergonomically contoured for ease of use. It is 664 mm high, 34 mm wide at the base, and 86 mm wide at the top and weighs 1900 g.

The Queen's baton has a number of technological features including:

 * The ability to capture images and sound
 * Global positioning system (GPS) technology so the baton's location can be tracked
 * Embedded light emitting diodes (LEDs) which will change into the colours of a country's flag whilst in that country
 * A text messaging capability so that people can send messages of congratulations and encouragement to the baton bearers throughout the relay

Other preparation
In preparation for an influx of English-speaking tourists for the Games, the Delhi government implemented a program to teach English, and the necessary skills for serving tourists, to key workers—such as cab drivers, security workers, waiters, porters, and service staff. In the two years prior to the Games 2000 drivers were taught English. In addition to Delhi, the Indian Government plans to expand the program to teach people in local tourist destinations in other parts of India.

To facilitate hassle-free sightseeing in Delhi, Delhi Tourism undertook the launch of India's very first Hop on Hop Off bus known as HOHO DELHI, modelled on popular concept of transport facilities in Western countries. The bus, which is equipped with state-of-the-art technologies like digital video screens and GPS systems, also had trained guides who were responsible for giving information about the sites.

To prepare for the energy-usage spike during the games and to end chronic power cuts in Delhi, the government undertook a large power-production initiative to increase power production to 7000 MW (from the previous 4500 MW). To achieve this the government streamlined the power distribution process, directed additional energy to Delhi, and constructed new power plants. Indian states trained state police forces to handle tourist-related issues and deploy them prior to the Games. A large-scale construction and "beautification" project has resulted in the demolition of hundreds of homes and the displacement of city dwellers—at least 100,000 of New Delhi's 160,000 homeless people have removed from shelters, some of which have been demolished. Bamboo screens have been erected around city slums to separate visitors from the sights of the slums, a practice which human rights campaigners have deemed dishonest and immoral.

The Delhi High Court implemented a series of "mobile courts" to be dispatched throughout Delhi to relocate migrant beggars from Delhi streets. The mobile courts would consider each beggar on a case-by-case basis to determine whether the beggar should be sent back to his/her state of residence, or be permitted to remain in government-shelters.

Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi, India. It began at 19:00 (IST) on 3 October. The opening ceremony was directed by Ganapathy Bharat, known commonly as Bharat Bala, an acclaimed Tamil film director, screenwriter and film producer based in Kodambakkam, Chennai. The ceremony featured over 8,000 performers, and lasted for two-and-a-half hours. It is estimated that ₹ 3.50 billion (US$77 million) were spent to produce the ceremony.

The ceremony was divided into six separate segments, each showcasing the rich, ancient and diverse cultures of India, including art, traditions, dances, music and colours. It began with a showcase of a variety of drummers from all parts of India, accompanied by seven-year-old tabla player Keshav. The countdown took place on a screen in the stadium, and was accompanied by fireworks. The centerpiece of the ceremony was the helium aerostat, which acted as a giant 360° screen for spectators. The ceremony showcased a fusion of various classical dances from all parts of India, mehendi decorations, sand paintings and yoga. The title song was performed by A R Rahman. Singer Hariharan sang the welcome song for the Games, titled "Swagatam", with thousands of school children.

The Prince of Wales (now Charles III; representing Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth) and President of India Pratibha Patil officially declared the Games open. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of the host nation, India, attended the opening ceremony as well. A total of three heads of state from outside India attended the opening ceremony; two from Commonwealth nations and one from a non-Commonwealth nation. The three head of states were Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives, Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru and a multiple Commonwealth gold medallist, and Albert II, Prince of Monaco, representing the International Olympic Committee. As well, Sir Anand Satyanand, the Governor General of New Zealand, attended the ceremony.

Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony featuring both Indian and Scottish performers. The closing ceremony was not as well received as the opening ceremony. The Commonwealth Games flag was handed over to representatives of Glasgow, Scotland, which hosted the XX Commonwealth Games in 2014. At the closing ceremony, the President of the Commonwealth Games Federation declared that Delhi had hosted a "truly exceptional Games". A day after the ceremony, Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond stated that "Scotland is highly impressed with Delhi's success in holding the multi-sport event, Delhi hosted a very successful Commonwealth Games. It will be a challenge to emulate."

Participating Commonwealth Games Associations
There were 71 participating nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. As Fiji was suspended from the Commonwealth, it was banned from participating in the Games. Rwanda fielded a team for the games for the first time after becoming a Commonwealth member in 2009. The numbers of athletes from each country is shown in brackets.

Sports
There were events in 21 disciplines across 17 sports for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

 * Aquatics
 * Diving pictogram.svg Diving
 * Swimming pictogram.svg Swimming
 * Synchronized swimming pictogram.svg Synchronised swimming
 * Cycling
 * Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Road
 * Cycling (track) pictogram.svg Track
 * Gymnastics
 * Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Artistic gymnastics
 * Gymnastics (rhythmic) pictogram.svg Rhythmic gymnastics
 * Cycling (track) pictogram.svg Track
 * Gymnastics
 * Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Artistic gymnastics
 * Gymnastics (rhythmic) pictogram.svg Rhythmic gymnastics

Kabaddi was a demonstration sport at the Games.

Triathlon was excluded from the games as there was no suitable location for the swimming stage. The organisers have also removed basketball, but included archery, tennis and wrestling. Cricket, although in strong demand, did not make a comeback as the Board of Control for Cricket in India were not keen on a Twenty20 tournament, and the organisers did not want a one day tournament.

Calendar
{| class=wikitable style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;width:75%;" !style="width:18%;" colspan=2|October !style="width:4%;"|3 Sun !style="width:4%;"|4 Mon !style="width:4%;"|5 Tue !style="width:4%;"|6 Wed !style="width:4%;"|7 Thu !style="width:4%;"|8 Fri !style="width:4%;"|9 Sat !style="width:4%;"|10 Sun !style="width:4%;"|11 Mon !style="width:4%;"|12 Tue !style="width:4%;"|13 Wed !style="width:4%;"|14 Thu !style="width:6%;"|Events ! colspan=2|Daily medal events ! ! 8 ! 18 ! 27 ! 35 ! 43 ! 32 ! 29 ! 14 ! 21 ! 29 ! 16 !rowspan=2| 272 ! colspan=2|Cumulative total ! ! 8 ! 26 ! 53 ! 88 ! 131 ! 163 ! 192 ! 206 ! 227 ! 256 ! 272 !style="width:18%;" colspan=2|October !style="width:4%;"|3 Sun !style="width:4%;"|4 Mon !style="width:4%;"|5 Tue !style="width:4%;"|6 Wed !style="width:4%;"|7 Thu !style="width:4%;"|8 Fri !style="width:4%;"|9 Sat !style="width:4%;"|10 Sun !style="width:4%;"|11 Mon !style="width:4%;"|12 Tue !style="width:4%;"|13 Wed !style="width:4%;"|14 Thu !style="width:6%;"|Events
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Ceremonies|| style="background-color:#00cc33;text-align:center;" |OC || || || || || || || || || || ||style="background-color:#ee3333;text-align:center;" |CC||N/A
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Archery_pictogram.svg Archery
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;"|2
 * style="background:#fc0;"|2
 * style="background:#fc0;"|2
 * style="background:#fc0;"|2
 * 8
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Athletics_pictogram.svg Athletics
 * style="background:#fc0;"|2
 * style="background:#fc0;"|7
 * style="background:#fc0;"|8
 * style="background:#fc0;"|9
 * style="background:#fc0;"|8
 * style="background:#fc0;"|7
 * style="background:#fc0;"|9
 * style="background:#fc0;"|2
 * style="text-align:center;"|52
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Badminton_pictogram.svg Badminton
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|1
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="text-align:center;"|6
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Boxing_pictogram.svg Boxing
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 10
 * style="text-align:center;"|10
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" rowspan=2| Cycling ||style="text-align:left;|Cycling (road)_pictogram.svg Road cycling
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|2
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|2
 * style="text-align:center;"|4
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;|Cycling (track)_pictogram.svg Track cycling
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="text-align:center;"|14
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Diving_pictogram.svg Diving
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="text-align:center;"|10
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" rowspan=2| Gymnastics ||style="text-align:left;|Gymnastics (artistic)_pictogram.svg Artistic
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|1
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|1
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|2
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|5
 * style="text-align:center;"|14
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;|Gymnastics (rhythmic)_pictogram.svg Rhythmic
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 1
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 1
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="text-align:center;"|6
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Hockey_pictogram.svg Hockey
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 1
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 1
 * style="text-align:center;"|2
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Lawn bowls_pictogram.svg Lawn bowls
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="text-align:center;"|6
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Netball_pictogram.svg Netball
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 1
 * style="text-align:center;"|1
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Rugby sevens pictogram.svg Rugby sevens
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 1
 * style="text-align:center;"|1
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Shooting pictogram.svg Shooting
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 6
 * style="text-align:center;"|36
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Squash pictogram.svg Squash
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="text-align:center;"|5
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Swimming_pictogram.svg Swimming
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 9
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 11
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 9
 * style="text-align:center;"|44
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Synchronized_swimming_pictogram.svg Synchronised swimming
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * 2
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Table tennis_pictogram.svg Table tennis
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * 8
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Tennis_pictogram.svg Tennis
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * 5
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Weightlifting_pictogram.svg Weightlifting
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * 17
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Wrestling_pictogram.svg Wrestling
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * 21
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 4
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 6
 * style="text-align:center;"|36
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Squash pictogram.svg Squash
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 2
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#39f; text-align:center;"| ●
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 3
 * style="text-align:center;"|5
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Swimming_pictogram.svg Swimming
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 9
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 5
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 11
 * style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"| 9
 * style="text-align:center;"|44
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Synchronized_swimming_pictogram.svg Synchronised swimming
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * 2
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Table tennis_pictogram.svg Table tennis
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * 8
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Tennis_pictogram.svg Tennis
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#39f;"|●
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * 5
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Weightlifting_pictogram.svg Weightlifting
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * 17
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Wrestling_pictogram.svg Wrestling
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * 21
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * 5
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Weightlifting_pictogram.svg Weightlifting
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * style="background:#fc0;|1
 * style="background:#fc0;|2
 * 17
 * - style="text-align:center;"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Wrestling_pictogram.svg Wrestling
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * 21
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|3
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * 21
 * style="background:#fc0;|4
 * 21
 * 21
 * 21
 * 21
 * 21

Medal table

Only the top ten nations by medal rank are shown in this medal table. Nations are ranked first by count of gold medals, then silver medals, then bronze medals.

Broadcasting
The host broadcast activities were provided by SIS Live, the production house, in partnership with Prasar Bharati, the host broadcaster, which includes Doordarshan.

In New Zealand, the rights were first won by TVNZ. In September 2009, it was reported that TVNZ were seeking to offload the rights to SKY TV to avoid a NZ$5 million loss in the event, and the deal was confirmed in January 2010, backed by the country's government. Although Sky is a pay television broadcaster, they still promised that the coverage would be broadcast free-to-air.

Motto
The official motto for the 2010 Commonwealth Games was "Come out and play". It was chosen to represent the invitation of the athletes from the Commonwealth member countries to participate in the games and achieve success as well as the call of the Indian people to support their country's hosting of the games.

Logo
The logo of the 2010 Commonwealth Games is an image of Chakra, India's national symbol of freedom, unity and power. The silhouette of the figures spiralling upwards from the Chakra, represents the growth of India into a vibrant nation and the games motto, Come out and play. The logo consists of six colours which are green, red, yellow, blue, purple and pink. Green represents life, energy, high spirits, the 2010 games as a green games and determination in overcoming challenges, purple represents reassurance, mystery and excitement, red represents unity, yellow represents destiny, blue represents equality while pink represents luxury and surprise.

Mascot
The official mascot for the 2010 Commonwealth Games was Shera, an anthropomorphised tiger. His name comes from "Sher", a Hindi word meaning tiger (Hindi "Bagh" means tiger, however, Sher can be colloquially used for both lion and tiger). Shera is described as being the older brother of Jigrr, the mascot of the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. The logo and the look for the games were designed by Idiom Design and Consulting. There is one song for Shera also composed by the popular composer of India the song contains initiative "Shera Shera" The mascot Shera visited many schools across Delhi to create enthusiasm and interest for the Commonwealth Games being held.

Sponsors
Indian Railways served as the lead partner of the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Central Bank of India, Air India and NTPC Limited served as the official partners for banking, airline and power respectively. Hero Honda was the official motorcycle partner as well as the presenting partner of the Queen's Baton Relay. Tata Motors served as the vehicle transport sponsor by providing vehicles and its maintenance services during the Queen's Baton Relay. Swiss watchmaker Tissot was the official timekeeper sponsor of the games.

Official song
The official song of the 2010 Commonwealth Games "Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto" was composed and performed by the Indian musician A. R. Rahman. The song's title is based on the slogan of the games, "Come out and play". The song was written by Mehboob in Hindi with a sprinkling of English words. It was released on 28 August 2010. The music video, directed by Bharath Bala was released on 23 September and featured a shorter version of the song. A. R. Rahman also gave a live concert for the theme song in Gurgaon, Haryana, which was previewed on various news channels. The official video of the song has been released on YouTube. However this song was not much appreciated by the people as it was being compared with 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa's official song Waka Waka (This Time for Africa) of Shakira.

Concerns and controversies
Several concerns were raised over the preparations of the Games and these included excessive budget overruns, likelihood of floods in Delhi due to heavy monsoon rains, infrastructural compromise, poor living conditions at the Commonwealth Games Village, delays in construction of the main Games' venues, the withdrawal of prominent athletes, widespread corruption by officials of the Games' Organising Committee and possibility of a terrorist attack by militants.

The negative pre-event publicity and heavy security presence played in part in low spectator attendance during the initial events. However the numbers picked up as the Games progressed.

Formation of investigation committee
The day after the conclusion of the Games, the Indian Government announced the formation of a special committee to probe the allegations of corruption and mismanagement against the Organising Committee. The probe committee will be led by former Comptroller and Auditor General of India VK Shunglu. This probe will be in addition to the Central Bureau of Investigation, Enforcement Directorate, and Central Vigilance Commission investigations already underway. The Prime Minister of India, Dr Manmohan Singh had promised in mid-August, when reports of the bungling first surfaced, that corrupt officials will be given "severe and exemplary" punishment after the Games. The probe committee is tasked with looking into "all aspects of organising and conducting" the Games, and "to draw lessons from it." It was given three months to submit its report, but the report was never publicly released. The Indian Sports Ministry has directed the Organising Committee of the 2010 Commonwealth Games (led by Suresh Kalmadi), to not release any staffer from their positions until the probe committee's work is finished.

Legacy
One of the aims of hosting the Commonwealth Games was to build world-class athletics infrastructure within the country, expose audiences to top-level non-cricket competition and encourage the youth to "Come out and play" (the official theme of the games). Building a sporting culture that looks beyond cricket is seen as an important task for a country which won its first ever individual Olympic gold medal in Beijing 2008, despite having the world's second-largest population.

Sebastian Coe, former Olympic gold medalist and chairman of the 2012 Summer Olympics Organising Committee, was at the stadium during the 4 × 400 m women's relay and described the audience's cheers for the racers as "potentially the moment that could change the course of athletics in Asia, the moment that could inspire thousands of people who'd never even seen an athletics track before to get involved... To build a truly global capacity in sport, you have to take it round the world – out of your own backyard. That means taking risks and facing challenges, but it has to be done."

title: 2010 Commonwealth Games