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Talk:Merkin

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Night Flower?
This article mentions "In current times have become popular in Japan as "night flowers". There is no citation for this, and I can't find a single Japanese source backing it up. Most of the English sources seem to cite information that I wouldn't call "current", one such site claiming that they sell more during bridal months, when the average age of first marriage in Japan is 27 for women.  Another source claims Komachi Hair Company makes them, but their Japanese site has no mention of them at all.  Shouldn't this be either backed up or removed?  Or at least re-phrased to not say "popular" which is misleading at best?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.182.170.180 (talk) 18:49, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Comments
There was recently a reference to "merkin" on ESPN College Football Gameday (9/16/06) from the USC campus. A sign in the crowd referenced "finding Corby's merkin". Is this a reference to Lee Corso?

I have added the reference to the relevant Wikipedia article. However, I don't assume that this is the same term. Most of the occasions I hear it, it involves a parody of the American (cowboy?) accent. It is often pronounced more like murrk'n, and that is quite different from how merkin would be pronounced locally. In the same way that President Bush accent is parodied as if he is demanding a 'War on tourism'. It is merely an exaggeration of how the American accent deals with vowels, particularly dropping those that follow the letter 'r'. There are, of course, some people that do connect it with the word for pubic wig. But I would not assume that all do. Bobblewik (talk) 15:47, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * You'll have a hard time convincing me that it is meant "all in good fun" with no derogatory connotations, whether the connection is made or not. The great majority of Americans do not pronounce the word in any way remotely resembling "Merkin" (and, in fact, would be offended if you suggested that they did, as it sounds at least vaguely uneducated to many American ears). --[[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 15:57, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I was not attempting to convince you that it is all in good fun. As I said in the second last sentence, it is derogatory when connected with a pubic wig. That is the intent of some people. However, I was merely suggesting that it may be a secondary connection. It is now being documented as a primary connection, particularly because this is a written medium where the spelling of the slang term for American has been made equal to the spelling of the word for pubic wig. Slang terms exist more in spoken form, so it is not always easy to analyse.

 * Rightly or wrongly, people stereotype accents incorrectly. The stereotypes do not always sound reasonable to those being stereotyped. For example, some Scottish people are offended or amused by the stereotype Scottish accent attempted by 'Scotty' in Star Trek. When British people stereotype the American accent saying the word 'American', they will drop the letters 'a', 'i' and 'a'. This produces 'mercn'. The British accent version of 'American has the 'e' sounding something like 'pet', but this will be transformed into something that sounds like the 'u' in purple. So you have 'murcn'. It may be unreasonable of the British to do this, but that is what they do.

 * It is then a simple matter for this to be transformed by some people into the deliberately derogatory 'merkin' (which sounds slightly different in a British accent). I am, however, merely speculating. It could be that it has arisen by some other mechanism of which I am unaware. Bobblewik (talk) 16:49, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it should be pointed out that Brits pronounce "merkin" refering to Americans, and "merkin" meaning pubic wig in ENTIRELY different ways... I think the popular spelling of the former is an unfortunate coincidence... Indeed, I've seen it as "muhrkehn", "murrkin" and others. The joke isn't in relating Yanks to genital syrups (rhyming slang, chaps), but instead probably has roots in the laidback drawl popularised by Westerns.
 * As stated below, the OED says "alteration of American, (prob. after U.S. pronunciation), perh. punningly after MERKIN n.". So they suggest there is perhaps a punning connection to the other meaning, rather than just a coincidence. Bluewave 19:57, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Some evidence on Merkin and American
Using Google, I've found a few references to "Merkin" as a slang term for an American: "Then "merkin" was coined afresh to mean "an American", because it sounds a bit like the half-swallowed pronunciation of "American" by some Americans, particularly President Lyndon Johnson; and the fact that it had a "naughty" meaning didn't hurt. Punning use of the word dates back to at least the early 1960s." References in popular culture include the name of the American President in Dr. Strangelove.

Some more links:
 * Random House Word of the Day
 * World Wide Words (a British perspective)
 * Google Groups (if you actually read some of the discussions it becomes clear that many know and use the term in both meanings)
 * The Straight Dope - an article the clearly references the "joke".

The term seems to have experienced the most popularity on Usenet, which would explain why some modern Internet users have never heard of it. Can I put it back in the article now? -Aranel (" Sarah ") 22:01, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

The OED entry on "Merkin" states that it is U.S. Slang for an American or American English. As etymology, it gives "alteration of American, (prob. after U.S. pronunciation), perh. punningly after MERKIN n.". It then lists several uses of the word from 1990 to 1999, including usenet articles and a number of U.S. newspaper articles. I can send the whole article to anyone who provides me with their email address. AxelBoldt 19:51, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah. That's why I added a copy of the key points from the OED on 28 Jan! Bluewave 08:46, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

"In Europe, 'Merkin' has also been used as a colloquial term for an American since the 1960s. The OED reports that the term has become common internet slang for Americans or American English." Does not jibe with the cites. Please rewrite it before putting it back in. evrik (talk) 14:43, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The way the section is written:

 * The World Wide Words source was called into question, so I have brought it up on the Reliable sources/Noticeboard. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 06:54, 5 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Now archived Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 172

I came upon this article via the reliable sources noticeboard. I can confirm that the Oxford English Dictionary has an entry on Merkin as a reference to Americans, with the earliest recorded use in 1926. However, as it was stated there, and also at Manual of Style/Trivia sections, there should not be trivia sections in articles. The entries in the section in the article are not in the scope of the article. If the subjects discussed have articles of their own, then they should be listed on the disambiguation page, not here. Because of this, I have removed the section, the contents of which are replicated below:
 * The term can be used in an obscene sense to refer to the vulva.

 * The popular saltwater fly fishing lure, used primarily in targeting bonefish and permit, Del Brown's Merkin, is also named after the artificial hairpiece. The Merkin fly pattern represents a crab, referencing the merkin's historical use for pubic lice (also colloquially known as crabs). Further, Del's Merkin is tied with a disc of fuzzy yarn, imitating the crab's shell, but also reminiscent of the fly's namesake.

--Joshua Issac (talk) 17:28, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * In Stanley Kubrick's 1964 anti-war black comedy Dr. Strangelove, the President of the United States, played by Peter Sellers, is named Merkin Muffley.

 * I could go either way. If it was an article about a word, the use of the word would be in scope, but it is not. Even so, these uses could be taken as trivia. Obviously, looking at the history of the article others have removed the slur use of the word before. People who think it should be here and people who do not are about equal. I take that as lack of consensus for inclusion. Obscure definitions should go on Wiktionary. Below is the last version for the slur use.

 * Internet slang for inhabitant of the United States of America.

Richard-of-Earth (talk) 18:02, 14 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I support the removal of the trivia section completely. I'd already removed some very trivial uses that were mentioned. Niteshift36 (talk) 18:24, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

Picture please
I've never seen one. Can anyone supply a photo? 202.142.214.49 20:22, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Fastening
How do they fasten merkins? Do they use some kind of glue that is kind to the skin or what?

2015-01-04 Lena Synnerholm, Märsta, Sweden.

stage appareances?
I've removed this line "others have claimed that merkins were worn for nude stage appearances." If someone wants to readd this, please cite it. --mako (talk•contribs) 16:59, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

"Claimed"? It's still practiced to this day. Just saw the Le Femme show at the MGM Grand in Vegas tonight and all of the dancers were wearing merkins. Very strange considering some of the costumes didn't cover the merkins. Sort of odd in an era of extreme waxing.

Chronology
Two quotes from the article:

"The first use of the word by an established author was in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita (1955)." "In William Shakespeare's A Winter's Tale, Merkins are often mentioned."

I'm reasonably sure that Shakespeare pre-deates the 1950's. Can anyone confirm the Winters Tale reference, and then modify as appropriate?

 * I've removed both of these dodgy facts. Nabokov certainly wasn't the first and I could not find a merkin in the winter's tale. The only reference to merkin in shakespeare is "my Mistress wears his own hair" Hen V act 3 Sc 7 which according to Eric Partridge is supposed to mean merkin. meltBanana  22:21, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

European understatement
Perhaps this would more appropriately be British (at least stereotypically) understatement, to exclude, say, the Italians, who are not noted for such. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Crab (talk • contribs) 16:09, 20 February 2007

Other definitions
A vertical  aerodynamic fin  called the Merkin first saw its use in  Formula One  on the Williams FW22A (2000) (as named by Chief  Aerodynamicist  Geoff Willis), although this name was changed to the more common name of "Forward Guide Vane" after higher authorities found out its true meaning.

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[[ hopiakuta Please do  sign  your  signature  on your  message. %7e%7e  Thank You. -]] 17:50, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure Rock Hudson's not a woman. 64.222.172.241 (talk) 01:05, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

A lesbian's version of a Beard (companion). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.123.84.116 (talk) 19:27, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Medical/Chemotherapy Merkins
k, thanx, looks like chemo types use merkins. Like I've heard said, a 60 year old doesn't look good bald down there. Ask D.N.A.- Peter Napkin (talk) 01:34, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * "A pubic wig for those of the female persuasion.Belinda, having undergone chemotherapy for the past couple months, resorted to wearing a merkin." http://uncletorture.blogspot.com/2006/01/do-youmerkin.html
 * "Now, there are circumstances under which some people will go entirely bald down below; some lose body hair as they age, and others lose it because of illness or chemotherapy. In these cases, perhaps a merkin or a transplant isn't so nuttyóif you want hair there, then you should be able to have it. But we're inclined to counsel you to just go with the flow. Most of the population concerning itself with pubic primping is busy paring down the hair, not piling it on." http://www.hotpinkbook.com/Welcome.htm
 * "Schimmel jokes about losing pubic hair and being approached by a pubic wig salesman. He displays a slide show that takes the audience from the first day of chemotherapy all the way to 128 pounds, no eyebrows, no eyelashes ... and then coming back from that." http://www.paloaltodailynews.com/article/2008-2-1-schimmel
 * Are there any reliable sources? Blogs aren't permissable, and that Schimmel quote is very vague. --  JediLofty User ¦ Talk 08:56, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

NPR Interview --Datapharmer (talk) 20:48, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Popular Culture
When editing the popular culture section, someone entered (paraphrased here) that "Wikipedia does not need an exhaustive list of every mention of the merkin in popular culture!" I find this to be a contradiction, as many many articles have just such lists - for things that are far more commonly mentioned on television and in books than something as obscure as the merkin. Do others agree with this assessment, and that it is in fact okay for such a list of mentions in popular culture to be compiled? Or do others agree that such a list does not fit with the guidelines of wikipedia? Thanks. Spiral5800 (talk) 23:57, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Just because other articles have it doesn't mean it belongs here. See WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS. I'm not going to push the issue, but no, the list doesn't belong here. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:24, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

Tagging article
This is a difficult clothing item to imagine without actually seeing an image. And the design of a saltwater fishing fly which resembles it would appear to be entirely impossible without a photograph. So I'm tagging the talk page as needing images. Trilobitealive (talk) 02:14, 9 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Thankyou, User:Adrignola. I apologise that I was not sufficiently familiar with the present article to have caught that. After looking up their brief but colorful edit history I have tagged User talk:168.103.122.171 with a level 1 warning regarding their habit of censoring articles.Trilobitealive (talk) 03:00, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

Debra Lynne McCabe in Saw III
Should also mention McCabe's wearing of a merkin in this movie, since her contract forbade any "nude" scenes. (She played a naked woman being frozen to death, as one reviewer put it, "the most thankless role in any horror film", a "brave actress".)69.120.202.82 (talk) 08:16, 22 August 2013 (UTC)captcrisis

A wig for the pudendum
What is the problem with the definition a wig for the pudendum? This is the definition in every dictionary I have ever used. I even use this word as a test of a good dictionary. Good dictionaries always have merkin and pudendum. 69.250.5.178 (talk) 05:50, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Maybe, maybe not, but that is not the issue right now. You are edit warring. You do not have permission to force your version into any article. The long-standing consensus version (pubic wig) should remain until this issue is settled here. Pudendum is not used in the article at all. You would need multiple reliable sources. Per WP:BRD, when your edits are reverted, as they were, you must not restore them. You must discuss until a consensus has been reached. You are discussing now, but you have also restored again. That's three times and you were warned you could get blocked for doing so. Look at your talk page and read the edit summaries. I'm going to revert to the consensus version. If you restore your new version, you will be reported for edit warring and get blocked. You could be 100% correct, but you can still get blocked for edit warring. -- Brangifer (talk) 06:34, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Frankly, the change seems pretty reasonable to me. In a case like this, "multiple" sources may not even be required because the definition isn't really being disputed, just a noun is being changed. Both edits really mean the same thing. In any event, the Random House dictionary says "false hair for the female pudenda." Collins English Dictionary says "an artificial hairpiece for the pudendum; a pubic wig." Both are found here and both certainly qualify as reliable sources. I found an article about merkin use in films that also refes to it as being used to create a "fully forested pudenda", so we can see a use outside of just dictionary form too.  In fairness, I should also point out that BRD is an essay, so saying that an edit "must not" be reverted per that essay is a bit misleading. Niteshift36 (talk) 15:17, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * While pubic is the more common and recognizable word, it is inexact and improperly used in this case. The Pubis is the area of the lower abdomen surrounding the genitals.  A merkin, as is made clear both in the picture in this article and in the usage section of this article, is generally used to cover the external genitals entirely, and not just the pubic region. This is why Collin's and Randomhouse have chosen to use pudendum in their definitions, because pudendum means the entire external genitals, and not just the pubic region above the genitals.  If the merkin was simply a pubic wig, only covering the pubic region and not the genitals themselves, it could not be used in strip clubs to get around the laws against full nudity or by actors to get around MPAA rules concerning full nudity.  If some dictionaries have chosen to use pubic in their definition, I suspect this is simply because pudendum is a less well known word than pubic, not because pubic is more correct. 69.250.5.178 (talk) 16:02, 2 December 2013 (UTC)  69.250.5.178

At least now we're talking. Edit warring is not allowed. While BRD is not binding, it is widely accepted by the community and is the only way to determine who has started an edit war. Admins routinely use it to determine whether to block and who to block. I used a 3RR warning tag to provide the warning, thus letting the IP know they were approaching the bright line (although one can be blocked for less than three reverts), and how to move forward, which is to follow BRD. Regardless of one's opinion about BRD, edit warring is still a blockable offense, especially when warned in the edit summary and user talk page.

If it didn't primarily refer to the female vulva (as your dictionary indicates) and entrance to the female sexual organs themselves, I would have no problem with the word pudendum (which correctly redirects to the female vulva because males don't have a vulva ). Pubic and pudenda are not exact synonyms.

Pubic wig is gender neutral and applies to both men and women, and they are used by both male and female actors, and pudendum would not work for a male. In English pubic wig, which is far more widely used (including Kate Winslet's quote), just sounds better to me. A merkin essentially substitutes for "pubic hair" (2,440,000 results), not "pudendal hair" (1,300 results), an expression one rarely hears. In fact, pubic hair surrounds the pudenda. The frequency of common usage is so overwhelming that pubic hair wins hands down, and sometimes we do use Google search results to make such decisions.

Another more banal reason why this attempt was initially rejected is that it violates WP:LEAD. The lead should not contain any information not already contained in the body of the article, and it should summarize the article, which exclusively uses the words pubic wig.

Maybe those are reasons why the article only uses that term "pubic wig". If you still don't agree, then follow our dispute resolution process, usually starting with a request for comment. -- Brangifer (talk) 16:40, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Whoa. Wait a second. I see no discussion about this issue previously, so acting like it is "consensus" just because it was in the article is not valid. Just because you disagree, the next step isn't a RFC. You've made a single response to two editors that disagree with you. We're not to RfC territory yet. Counting Ghits isn't exactly the right method here either. Yes, "pubic wig" is more commonly used, but that doesn't make the other term incorrect. And why did you use that particular phrase any way? And would either of you like to explain why we're not even discussing including both terms? Niteshift36 (talk) 18:00, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Of course we're not at RfC yet, but we're dealing with a newbie who needs to know about the DR process. After discussion, if they still aren't satisfied, they can go there, but we're still discussing, and that's fine.

 * Instead of "consensus", maybe "default" (previous version) would be a better word, and we usually restore the default version until a consensus has formed to make a disputed change.

 * Adding the term pudendum might be okay, if a suggested wording can use it properly. The problem is that it primarily refers to female anatomy, rarely never to male. So let's discuss the term in light of a suggested use in the article. Discussing the word in isolation is a waste of time. Let's see suggested wording for how to use a [nearly] exclusively female term in an article that applies to both males and females. -- Brangifer (talk) 18:10, 2 December 2013 (UTC) (tweaked per comments below)

 * First of all, I thought the whole damn point of wikipedia was that anyone one could edit it, and I didn't realize I needed to go through its self appoint gate keepers because I am some "newbie." You made the first revert, and didn't say a thing here before reverting my edit twice, so from my perspective you are the edit warrior. I didn't see the need to use BRD in an article with few editors, while making what seems to me to be an insignificant and uncontroversial edit.  Plus after reading those essays on BRD and reverts, it seems to me that the ethos is when in doubt edit, and revert only when necessary.  You made the first revert, and as far as I am concerned, the onus is on you to start a discussion before you revert my edit, which was small and reasonable.

 * Furthermore, from, pudendum is not exclusively used to refer to female genitalia. It is used for both male and female external genitalia, but is simply more often used to refer to female genitalia.  This makes it even more appropriate because a merkin is more often used by women, and the definition of merkin in some dictionaries  refers to it exclusively as a wig for the female pudenda (also they wouldn't have to say female if pudenda wasn't gender neutral).  You are simply wrong on the point of gender neutrality.

 * The adjective form pudendal is almost never used, so of course pudendal hair doesn't have many hits.

 * In addition, as I said before, the most common use of a merkin is NOT as a replacement for pubic hair. It is used most often to cover the genitals from view, whether to hide signs of disease or to hide the genitals to conform to rules banning full-frontal nudity in movies and strip clubs.  To cover pudenda in strips clubs and on movie sets is where merkins are most often used today, and the use of a merkin as a substitute for pubic hair is a secondary, less common, use.  Even the picture in the article shows a clear example of how a merkin is usually used, as a covering for the pudendum, not as a replacement for pubic hair.  A wig for the pudendum is therefore the more accurate definition as a merkin is most often used to cover the pudendum, not as a replacement for pubic hair.  Saying a merkin is a pubic wig is misleading because it leads the reader to believe that the its primary use is as a replacement for pubic hair, which it is not.

 * As far as I am concerned, you made the first revert, the only only other person discussing this here agrees mine was reasonable edit, and the onus is on you to start the dispute resolution if you disagree. 69.250.5.178 (talk) 18:45, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Of course I made the first revert of your bold edit. Yours was the B in BRD, and mine was the R. Now we are at D. BRD is not spelled BRRRD. The onus is on you to make a case for not keeping the default version, but if you persist, I will start an RfC before allowing this change. Let's hope that isn't necessary. On the slim chance your version wins an RfC, I will of course bow to that decision.

 * You made what you considered "an insignificant and uncontroversial edit," but when you got reverted, that signalled that others did not consider it to be "insignificant and uncontroversial." Now you know how things work here. We edit collaboratively. Many people have this article on their watchlists. Some may comment, and some may not notice. With the nearly 17,000 items on my watchlist, and over 40,000 edits, it's a miracle I even noticed. This isn't a place which you can treat as your own website. Whatever is created here gets edited by anyone. -- Brangifer (talk) 21:35, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * We need to clear up a factual issue first. Websters DOES say is is not exclusive to females, as does Oxford and MacMillan. More common? I won't argue that. But saying it is only female is factually incorrect. Our own Wiktionary (and yes, I know we can't use it as a source) says it can apply to either. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:00, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

What you say ("Websters DOES say is is not exclusive to females,") is not correct. It says "especially the external genitals of a woman." There is a fundamental difference between "not exclusive" (your words, not any dictionary) and "especially". You might think that's a technical difference, and it is in a very strict sense, but the meaning is totally different. We should stick to the meaning. (On that technical basis I'll revise my wording above.)

Here are a few dictionary defs:
 * "the external genital organs of a human being; especially the external genitals of a woman : vulva—usually used in plural."
 * "An external genital organ in a human; especially a woman’s vulva."
 * "(Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Anatomy) (often plural) the human external genital organs collectively, esp of a female"
 * "Anatomy. the external genital organs, especially those of the female; vulva."

Strictly speaking, it can apply to both sexes, but not normally. It would be a relatively rare occurrence to find an example applied to a male, compared to applied to a woman. We should use the typical definition.

Definitions usually note that it applies "especially to females" and to the vulva, not the larger pubic area, which is what a pubic wig covers. -- Brangifer (talk) 21:35, 2 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I wasn't incorrect. Websters does say it can apply to both. It says "human being", then says USUALLY the female. It's not original research to realize what it says.....both. In any case, you finally accept the fact that the term does not apply solely to women, so we can eliminate the notion that is can only apply to women as one of your arguments against it. Niteshift36 (talk) 02:04, 3 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Obviously. That's what I said. Since it applies "especially to females", then pudenda is "especially" meant to refer to women, but since we need a term which applies equally to men and women, pubic is the better choice. It is gender neutral. Do you have some other suggestion for how we could incorporate that expression as an addition to the article? We could discuss that. -- Brangifer (talk) 06:29, 3 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Pubic is not the better choice because it leads to exactly the misreading that you yourself made of this article, namely that the primary purpose of a merkin is as a replacement for pubic hair. That is not its primary purpose, it is used to cover pudenda.  This misreading is exactly what I am trying to avoid by using pudendum.

 * As far as I can see your are just being stubborn on the gender neutrality issue, and have no argument. Both Collins and Random house use pudendum in their definitions of merkin, so it is clearly not an inappropriate word to use when defining merkin.  Particularly because merkins are more commonly used by women.  It is a gender neutral term, usage does not change this, and I am with Niteshift36 in saying that we can eliminate this as an argument against it.

 * If you have some other argument against the edit, then we can discuss that, but otherwise it seems that a majority consensus has been reached in favor of it. I can change the rest of the article so pubic wig isn't used in the rest of the article either.  If you have a problem with this, file a dispute before you revert any changes.  Revert wars are not allowed.  69.250.5.178 (talk) 21:16, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

 * We have not come to an agreement and seem to be at an impasse. Since consensus is not a simple majority vote, especially when so few editors have expressed their views, I am, according to BRD, going to restore the default version. You have made your Bold edit, I have Reverted, and now Discussion will continue. Any attempt to force your change of the longstanding default version will be considered a resumption of your edit warring, as explained to you several times. Since we apparently need wider community input, I will also file an RfC to determine what should happen. -- Brangifer (talk) 08:15, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

RfC: "Pubic wig" or "a wig for the pudendum"?

 * The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Should the wording be changed from "pubic wig" to "a wig for the pudendum"?

I obviously, as evidenced in the thread above, favor keeping the long-standing wording of "pubic wig" as the main description for the following reasons: that's what our sources say, it is the most common term, and the problematic fact that dictionaries define pudendum as applying "especially to females." Because merkins are used by both men and women, and the word pudendum is almost never applied to males, we should choose to keep the gender neutral expression "pubic wig".

I am not averse to adding mention that the wording "a wig for the pudendum" exists, pending finding RS to that effect, but, for the reasons expressed above (also in the previous thread), believe "pubic wig" should be the more commonly used term in this article. -- Brangifer (talk) 08:16, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Survey

 * Example !votes:
 * Keep current wording of "pubic wig".
 * Change to "a wig for the pudendum".

 * Start survey:
 * Keep current wording of "pubic wig". -- Brangifer (talk) 08:16, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep current wording of "pubic wig". — | Gareth Griffith-Jones | The Welsh Buzzard| — 10:16, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep current wording of "pubic wig". --- Rosemary Cheese (talk) 13:24, 7 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Incorporate both. Niteshift36 (talk) 16:09, 7 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep current wording. Maybe this is displaying my lack of education on the subject, but my first reaction to this RfC was "what is a pudendum?" I don't think we can expect all (or even most) of our readers to understand this term straight away. The manual of style says that we should prefer plain English, so I think this points towards using "pubic wig", as it is the term that most readers will understand. — Mr. Stradivarius  ♪ talk ♪ 13:55, 8 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep as "pubic wig". The current wording is clear and accurate.  Proposed wording "a wig for the pudendum" is unnecessarily verbose, inaccurate (it implies the female pubic region whereas "merkin" applies to the male pubic region as well), and "pubic" is probably better understood by more readers than the more technical term "pudendum".  There is no need to change this and it would be redundant to refer to both terms.  Keep it simple.  —sroc 💬 07:40, 12 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep Ender  and  Peter  03:02, 13 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep Pubic Wig. As written, the reader will quickly understand what a Merkin is as they follow the article. More readers will understand 'Pubic area' more readily than "pudendum". I'd only include "pudendum" in a technical  article, with many specialist terms that would require more explanation (e.g.range of medical prosthethus including wig making).--Andrea edits (talk) 04:18, 14 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Keep Pubic wig. In addition to issues of relative obscurity of the term 'pudendum', it is in my opinion a non-NPOV term, as it literally means (in Latin) "a thing to be ashamed of", and that's a very specific cultural bias regarding the genitals that it does not behoove a fact-based encyclopedia to perpetuate. Ijon (talk) 00:24, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
 * keep pubic wig MarioNovi (talk) 19:03, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Threaded discussion
Keep threaded discussions here, not above. -- Brangifer (talk) 08:16, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Niteshift36, you suggest we incorporate both, and I tend to agree. Do you have an idea how we could do this, using RS? -- Brangifer (talk) 17:11, 8 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I've always known that word to apply to female anatomy and yes, the dictionaries I'm also looking at back that up. I don't see why "pudendum" needs to be used if "pubic area" points to the same location on any human. Ender  and  Peter  03:07, 13 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Since we've shown a number of reputable dictionaries show that the term is not exclusive to women (I'd like to know which one you have that says it is), why should the term be excluded? Would it really hurt the article to put "or pudendum" in parenthesis? Or something similar? Is it worth all this commotion because the word was being incorrectly defined in the first place? Niteshift36 (talk) 13:26, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it.  No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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The article should explain that they're glued on. Poveglia (talk) 09:42, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Merkin


text:
Landsat 1

Landsat 1 (LS-1), formerly named ERTS-A and ERTS-1, was the first satellite of the United States' Landsat program. It was a modified version of the Nimbus 4 meteorological satellite and was launched on July 23, 1972, by a Delta 900 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

It was the first satellite to carry a Multispectral Scanner.

The near-polar orbiting spacecraft served as a stabilized, Earth-oriented platform for obtaining information on agricultural and forestry resources, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water resources, geography, cartography, environmental pollution, oceanography and marine resources, and meteorological phenomena.

Background
The multi-agency Earth Resources Satellites Program was begun in 1966 by the Department of the Interior. The goal of the program was to gather data from the Earth via remote sensing techniques. The following year a feasibility study was performed for the Earth Resources Technology Satellite. The Bureau of Budget (BOB) did not grant funding to build the satellite, but provided $2 million to continue the feasibility studies.

Development
Definition studies for two Earth observation satellites began in 1967. The satellites were named Earth Resources Technology Satellite and were individually known as ERTS-A and ERTS-B.

In 1970, General Electric was selected as the prime contractor for ERTS-A. It was manufactured by GE's Space Division in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

Operation
The spacecraft was 3 m tall with a 1.5 m diameter. Two solar panel arrays that were 4 m long each, with single axis articulation, generated power for the spacecraft. ERTS-A had a liftoff weight of 953 kg.

The main spacecraft propulsion was three hydrazine thrusters. An attitude control system permitted the spacecraft's orientation to be maintained within plus or minus 0.7 degrees in all three axes.

Spacecraft communications included a command subsystem operating at 154.2 and 2106.4 MHz and a PCM narrow-band telemetry subsystem, operating at 2287.5 and 137.86 MHz, for spacecraft housekeeping, attitude, and sensor performance data. Video data from the three-camera RBV system was transmitted in both real-time and tape recorder modes at 2265.5 MHz, while information from the MSS was constrained to a 20 MHz radio-frequency bandwidth at 2229.5 MHz.

The satellite also carried two wide-band video tape recorders (WBVTR) capable of storing up to 30 minutes of scanner or camera data, giving the spacecraft's sensors a near-global coverage capability.

The satellite was also equipped with a data collection system (DCS) to collect information from remote, individually equipped ground stations and to relay the data to central acquisition stations. Due to the orbit of the satellite, data could be obtained at a minimum of every 12 hours. No data processing or signal multiplexing occurred on the satellite. The design of the DCS came from the Nimbus-3 platform, then known as the interrogation, recording, and location system (IRLS).

Sensors
ERTS-A had two sensors to achieve its primary objectives: the return beam vidicon (RBV) and the multispectral scanner (MSS).

The RBV was manufactured by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). The RBV obtained visible light and near infrared photographic images of Earth. At launch, the RBV was considered the primary sensor.

The MSS was designed by Virginia Norwood at Hughes Aircraft Company, which also manufactured it. Norwood is called "The Mother of Landsat." The sensor was considered an experimental sensor, and was the secondary sensor, until scientists reviewed the data that was beamed back to Earth. After the data was reviewed, the MSS was considered the primary sensor. The MSS was a four-channel scanner that obtained radiometric images of Earth.

Launch
ERTS-A was launched July 23, 1972, on a Delta 0900 out of Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The spacecraft was placed in a sun-synchronous orbit, with an altitude between 907 and 915 km. The spacecraft was placed in an orbit with an inclination of 99 degrees which orbited the Earth every 103 minutes. It was the first satellite launched with the sole purpose of studying and monitoring the planet.

Upon reaching orbit, it was renamed to ERTS-1. On January 14, 1975, eight days before ERTS-B was to launch, NASA announced that ERTS-1 was renamed Landsat 1 and ERTS-B would be Landsat 2 after launch.

Operations
Landsat 1's tape recorders malfunctioned in January 1978, and the satellite was taken out of service.

Results
From launch until 1974, Landsat 1 transmitted over 100,000 images, which covered more than 75% of the Earth's surface. The majority of these images were taken with the multispectral scanner. On 5 August 1972 the return beam vidicon failed after taking only 1690 images.

In 1976, Landsat 1 discovered a tiny uninhabited island 20 kilometers off the eastern coast of Canada. This island was thereafter designated Landsat Island after the satellite.

The MSS provided more than 300,000 images over the lifespan of the satellite. NASA oversaw 300 researchers that evaluated the data that Landsat 1 transmitted back to Earth.

Landsat 1 images were used in the first study of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), now an ubiquitous measure of global plant greenness.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Landsat 1


text:
User:Leumi

x Hello. I was planning on giving you some of those cool stars, since you deserve ten of each, but I decided not to bother.

title: User:Leumi


text:
Stark–Heegner theorem

In number theory, the Heegner theorem establishes the complete list of the quadratic imaginary number fields whose rings of integers are principal ideal domains.  It solves a special case of Gauss's class number problem of determining the number of imaginary quadratic fields that have a given fixed class number.

Let $Q$ denote the set of rational numbers, and let $d$ be a square-free integer. The field $Q(\sqrt{d})$ is a quadratic extension of $Q$. The class number of $Q(\sqrt{d})$ is one if and only if the ring of integers of $Q(\sqrt{d})$ is a principal ideal domain. The Baker–Heegner–Stark theorem can then be stated as follows:

 * If $d < 0$, then the class number of $Q(\sqrt{d})$ is one if and only if $$d \in \{\, -1, -2, -3, -7, -11, -19, -43, -67, -163\,\}.$$

These are known as the Heegner numbers.

By replacing $d$ with the discriminant $D$ of $Q(\sqrt{d})$ this list is often written as:
 * $$D \in\{ -3, -4, -7, -8, -11, -19, -43, -67, -163\}.$$

History
This result was first conjectured by Gauss in Section 303 of his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (1798). It was essentially proven by Kurt Heegner in 1952, but Heegner's proof was not accepted until an establishment mathematician Harold Stark rewrote the proof in 1967, which had many commonalities to Heegner's work, but sufficiently many differences that Stark considers the proofs to be different. Heegner "died before anyone really understood what he had done". Stark formally paraphrases Heegner's proof in 1969 (other contemporary papers produced various similar proofs by modular functions.

Alan Baker gave a completely different proof slightly earlier (1966) than Stark's work (or more precisely Baker reduced the result to a finite amount of computation, with Stark's work in his 1963/4 thesis already providing this computation), and won the Fields Medal for his methods. Stark later pointed out that Baker's proof, involving linear forms in 3 logarithms, could be reduced to only 2 logarithms, when the result was already known from 1949 by Gelfond and Linnik.

Stark's 1969 paper also cited the 1895 text by Heinrich Martin Weber and noted that if Weber had "only made the observation that the reducibility of [a certain equation] would lead to a Diophantine equation, the class-number one problem would have been solved 60 years ago". Bryan Birch notes that Weber's book, and essentially the whole field of modular functions, dropped out of interest for half a century: "Unhappily, in 1952 there was no one left who was sufficiently expert in Weber's Algebra to appreciate Heegner's achievement."

Deuring, Siegel, and Chowla all gave slightly variant proofs by modular functions in the immediate years after Stark. Other versions in this genre have also cropped up over the years. For instance, in 1985, Monsur Kenku gave a proof using the Klein quartic (though again utilizing modular functions). And again, in 1999, Imin Chen gave another variant proof by modular functions (following Siegel's outline).

The work of Gross and Zagier (1986) combined with that of Goldfeld (1976) also gives an alternative proof.

Real case
On the other hand, it is unknown whether there are infinitely many d > 0 for which Q($\sqrt{d}$) has class number 1. Computational results indicate that there are many such fields. Number Fields with class number one provides a list of some of these.

title: Stark–Heegner theorem


text:
Cadillac Desert

Cadillac Desert (1986) is an American history book by Marc Reisner about land development and water policy in the western United States. Subtitled The American West and Its Disappearing Water, it explores the history of the federal agencies, Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and their struggles to remake the American West in ways to satisfy national settlement goals. The book concludes that the development-driven policies, formed when settling the West was the country's main concern, have had serious long-term negative effects on the environment and water quantity. The book was revised and updated in 1993.

Topics discussed

 * Army Corps of Engineers
 * Bureau of Reclamation
 * California Aqueduct
 * California Water Wars
 * Central Arizona Project
 * Colorado River
 * Colorado River Storage Project
 * David Brower
 * Floyd Dominy
 * Garrison Dam
 * Glen Canyon Dam
 * Grand Coulee Dam
 * Hoover Dam
 * Klamath Diversion
 * Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
 * Manifest Destiny
 * Mono Lake
 * Native Americans
 * NAWAPA
 * Ogallala Aquifer
 * Owens Valley
 * Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869
 * "Rain follows the plow"
 * St. Francis Dam
 * Snail darter controversy
 * Stewart Lee Udall
 * Teton Dam
 * William Mulholland

Reception
In a review written shortly after the book was published, The New York Times described Cadillac Desert as "a revealing, absorbing, often amusing and alarming report on where billions of their dollars have gone - and where a lot more are going".

The Property and Environment Research Center reviewed the book 25 years later, calling it a "masterpiece" and saying that it is "compelling today as it was on publication in 1986". It praised the research that went into work, calling out the interviews performed by Reisner to produce the book.

Summit Daily News also praised Reisner's research and called out Reisner's framing of the Bureau of Reclamation as the "clear villain" and the Colorado River as its "most abused victim", ultimately calling the book "prophetic".

Adaptations and representations in other media
A portion of the 1993 update was printed in the 1994 inaugural edition of the Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy.

A four-part television documentary based on the revised book was produced in 1996 by KTEH, the PBS affiliate in San Jose, California.

This book has been referred to in 21st-century fiction about the effects of climate change (so-called climate fiction), such as Paolo Bacigalupi's The Water Knife (2015), a thriller set in the near-future. Several characters refer to Cadillac Desert as having anticipated the environmental decline they are living through. The physical book also plays an important role. Claire Vaye Watkins refers to Cadillac Desert as a source in her acknowledgments for her novel, Gold Fame Citrus (2015).

title: Cadillac Desert


text:
Arthabaska Regional County Municipality

Arthabaska Regional County Municipality is a regional county municipality located in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec. Its seat is Victoriaville.

Subdivisions
There are 22 subdivisions within the RCM:

 * Cities & Towns (4)
 * Daveluyville
 * Kingsey Falls
 * Victoriaville
 * Warwick

 * Municipalities (13)
 * Chesterville
 * Maddington Falls
 * Notre-Dame-de-Ham
 * Saint-Albert
 * Sainte-Clotilde-de-Horton
 * Sainte-Élizabeth-de-Warwick
 * Sainte-Hélène-de-Chester
 * Saint-Louis-de-Blandford
 * Saint-Norbert-d'Arthabaska
 * Saint-Rémi-de-Tingwick
 * Saint-Samuel
 * Saint-Valère
 * Tingwick

 * Parishes (4)
 * Saint-Christophe-d'Arthabaska
 * Sainte-Séraphine
 * Saint-Rosaire
 * Saints-Martyrs-Canadiens

 * Townships (1)
 * Ham-Nord

Demographics
Mother tongue from 2016 Canadian Census

Attractions

 * Cinq-Chicots School of the Row (Saint-Christophe-d'Arthabaska)
 * LaPierre Mill (Norbertville)
 * Laurier Museum (Victoriaville)
 * Marie-Victorin Park (Kingsey Falls)
 * Postes Pavilion Hotel (Victoriaville)
 * Rivière Nicolet Trout Fishing Post (Notre-Dame-de-Ham)
 * Saint-Michel Mountain (Victoriaville)
 * St-Médard Church (1874) (Warwick)

Access Routes
Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border:

 * Autoroutes

 * Principal Highways

 * Secondary Highways

 * External Routes
 * None

title: Arthabaska Regional County Municipality


text:
Talk:Guitarist

Rory Gallagher
Why is Rory not in the montage? I know it's down to preference and is debateable, but he was one of the blues guitarist greats, and is widely under-appreciated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by GeorgeC525 (talk • contribs) 20:51, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

Incorrect Information
I fail to see how a list of guitarists is useful to someone searching for information about guitarists and the roel of guitarists. Especially when a list is pointed to in the "See Also" section. This page should be moved to a seperate topic in order for information on the role of the guitarist (a quite detailed subject) to be set in its place. --The Pain 05:59, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Leslie Fish
I realize that Fish isn't a particularly noteworthy case, but she's at least as notable as some of the others given, and as far as I can tell, is the only representative of the filk genre on the list. If others object, I will not challenge a redaction. -Schol-R-LEA 06:02, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Validity
Am I the only one who doubts the validity of an all-encompassing list of "notable guitarists"? -leigh

This page is bad. It needs a fuller description of 'a guitarist' and that list definitely needs scrubbing or condensing. A short written 'History of famous guitarists' or something similar should be incorporated.

I agree too that this list is heavily skewed, as it does not include people who the famous guitarists on the list themselves mentioned in many interviews as their influence. I'm referring, for example, to: Django Rheinhardt, Wes Montgomery. 77.127.212.198 (talk) 21:59, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

I agree as well..this is a superficial article...it repeatedly list Hendrix as the greatest guitarist of all time..does not even mention Andres Segovia...Jerry Garcia played in front of more people than any other guitarist who has ever lived..put that in your pipe and smoke it...what about the great Mickey Baker and his books? Lonepilgrim007 (talk) 06:01, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

Eric Clapton
Should he but put under both rock and blues? It's hard to pin his style down. Deltabeignet 23:47, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

eric clapton = blues. (I'm italian) w keith richards! keithina ((^@^))

The Shadows
The lead-guitarist of The Shadows,  a group known in many countries (remember Apache, Wonderful Land, Atlantis, Theme from a Deer Hunter, etc. etc.), Hank B. Marvin, doesn't even appear in the list as well as there is no page on The Shads.

Shame on you, Englishmen! A Belgian

(who's English is too poor to write the pages himself)

Thundercloud 11:28, 9 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Removal
Why are some guitarists removed from the list??? Isn't this a list of guitarists in the world?? Why would you ever remove anyone in that case??

 * Some guitarists are removed from the list because they are meant to be "notable" not just guitarists you happen to like. Can we not limit it to guitarists who are famous for their influence on culture as well as their acclaimed musical skill?

Why does this page exist? May I delete it?
Seriously, why does this page exist? We have Category:Guitarists. Would anyone object if I put all these names in the abovementioned category and then nominated this page for WP:VFD? Better idea: I'll turn it into a stub, because a worthwhile article could grow here about the history of guitarists and public perception of them. Right? I understand that then all the "red links" here would be lost, but if this is the only page that contains a link to a yet-unformed article, then it's probably not a terribly high priority, is it? -leigh (φθόγγος) 21:06, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * categories are a newish addition to WP, this page predates them by some margin. I'd say leave it, since it's not doing any harm. WP is not paper - if an article is redundant then its existence won't bother anybody. On the other hand some may prefer to use this page rather than a category page, or it would facilitate a search on "guitarist", which helps the user. Really the page should be called List of guitarists - if anything should be done at all a simple move should suffice. Graham 22:41, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * One advantage of lists over categories is that lists suggest articles which need to be written. Hyacinth 04:05, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This discussion was from a long time ago, but I tend to agree we may have no need for a long list of guitar players, since there's a category. Friday (talk) 20:42, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

I'd be happy to see it deleted. What's the criteria for inclusion? In what way are those listed here "noted"? (see also similar articles for Keyboardists, etc.) Andy Mabbett 09:49, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * We also have List of guitarists (Blues, Jazz, Rock, Metal) and List of bass guitarists (Blues, Jazz, Rock, Metal). Either all of these should be deleted/categorified, or we should turn this one into a disambiguation page and create list of guitarists (classical and folk) or some such article. --DDerby- (talk) 07:26, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep in mind that there's an effort to improve Guitar. The article Guitarist is different than the other two lists, and they'll be worked after Guitar is improved. +MATIA ☎ 12:57, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm a guitarist. Shouldn't I be on the list? Seriously, the web is full of lists. There's nothing about any of this that is particularly meaningful or informative. It's like the kind of thing I used to do as a 13-year old AC/DC fan. This page is an embarrassment to WP and stands as emblematic of a good reason to doubt the value of the whole project.

What the Hell?
This isn't the article for guitarist, this is an article for list of guitarists. I'm afraid we already have one. All this is is list of guitarist by genre. This article is in need of serious attention.

Rock/Pop VS Metal
Hey, Rock must be merged with Metal and Pop must be parted from it (Metal is complilation of Rock subgenres)... This is way too stupid, that Ritchie Blackmore and Jimmy Page are located below the "pop" tab; AC/DC is a Metal band (but located under Rock/Pop), and both tabs share "alternative", i.e. Nu Metal bands, which is absolutely nonsence.

What is much obscenier and shameful thing is that Tony Iommi, pioneer of Heavy-Metal riffing, and, according to some folk, inventor of Heavy Metal, is stated under Pop!!! This is a herecy, at least, this is big mistake, like applying same to Metallica or Iron Maiden, for examlple!

And, there are no (AFAIK) famous Pop guitarists. Pop music with a more-less professional guitar player usually is reffered to as the Pop-Rock group.

People, someone answer me, is it ok to merge this categories, or better is simply delete this page.I agree i think the person who wrote the list is very biased i also belive that the person who wrote the article is black because as you can see all the black artists are at the top of course.

Please NO fairuse images in this article
There is no possible justification of fairuse in this article. It is a simple list of names. It's not about the subject of the photo. Album covers belong in articles about the album, not here. Please use public domain or GFDL images only for this article. --Rob 03:15, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Jewel?
Why is there a picture of Jewel? She's hardly notable as a guitarist; there's many guitarists in the acoustic/folk category that could better represent the genre(s) far better than Jewel. Dubc0724 12:51, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * If you have a free image of a more notable guitarist, please add it. Clearly the page is better with the image, then without.   --Rob 18:52, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll look around. I'm sure we can come up with photos of far more accomplished guitarists than the two we have posted here currently. Dubc0724 17:42, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Wait,wait,wait...
Who the hell put guitarists to the "Blues from the 1980s to the present" list,who didn't even live in the 80's? Ah,I guess it's my job then to clean it...

Indeed, the only notable Blues guitarists from the 80s that I can think of, Stevie Ray Vaughan and Jimmie Vaughan, are listed in the metal category. Disgusting. And "80s guitarist Freddie King" died in 1976.

Even now that the page has been somewhat fixed, it's still somewhat pathetic. Why are so many of the "60s Blues Guitarists" e.g. Otis Rush actually 50s Blues guitarists

Content poll
Okay, this article is ridiculous. There is already List of guitarists and Category:Guitarists. I propose removing the laundry list of guitarists (and merging into List of guitarists if there are exclusive entries) and starting an article about guitarists. Please chime in below and we can get to work. -- Aguerriero  ( talk ) 21:25, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

This article is really unusable. I have not read all the discussion page, sorry, but I had no time, but I think commenting is still better than not commenting. I am a guitarist myself, and I would like to clear the misunderstanding that "bass guitarists" are guitarist. no they aren't, they even call themselves bassists. There are lot of similarities in the anatomy of basses and guitars, and also some in the playing approach, but guitarists, and bassists are two separate "species" :D I suggest we clear "bass guitars" from the list of what a guitarist may play, at the bigining of the article. thank you very much for thinking about my comment, I am sorry about the fact that I can't make the changes myself, but hope someone can.

Damn
Why the hell is the Jimmy on the top of every damn list. Van Halen is By far the greatest guitarist of all time
 * -- Aguerriero  ( talk ) 21:25, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

you should listen to some music  if you think van halen is the greatest guitarist of all time.. Frank Zappa was a pretty good guitar player..not necessarily the best but he was actually a   musician   — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.242.102.242 (talk) 17:50, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

Moving
The silence is deafening.... Anyway, I'm going to be WP:BOLD and move the list of List of guitarists by genre for now. Then we can work on making this an article about being a guitarist, not just a list. -- Aguerriero  ( talk ) 17:30, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Pic switch
Switched image back to a faceless generic shot to avoid crufter additions of their POV fan favourites. The article lists no specific artists so the image should remain just as neutral. 156.34.142.110 14:46, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Someone attempted to switch for their personal POV favorite guitarist. The article has been switched to the more proper "faceless" guitarist. 202.160.48.156 22:42, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Josh Homme is NOT my favorite guitarist. But he is a guitarist.  Stop replacing this image with a pair of disembodied hands and a blurry guitar; it's a shitty, poorly composed image.  I'm not attached to the current picture, but if you're going to replace it, at least find a high quality image that focuses on a guitarist.  If you can do that, we'll all be happy.--The Fat Man Who Never Came Back 02:39, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Currently no other "faceless" guitarist image is available on Commons. Until one is uploaded no celebrity cruft images should be added. If a face were to be added it would be more suitable to show Django, or Segovia or Atkins or Travis. A painting could be used and encyclopedic integrity maintained. No vote or discussion on the topic exists other than the leaning concensus - no faces. 203.167.191.240 05:33, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Neutral "art" images can be found here any number of them could stand in for the already more than suitable "faceless" image. But if other editors want a face... then the face should be from a free use art image that avoids having an "editor favourite". 203.167.191.240 07:49, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Cmt. The first Degas portrait is clear and good quality... and it has a face. 203.167.191.240 08:18, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 2 stubborn users don't constitute consensus (and of course nor does 1 stubborn fat man). And for pete's sake, I didn't insist it must have a "face"; I insisted that it focus on a person, not an instrument; this article is about people who play the guitar. Moreover, please try to pick an aesthetically pleasing image.  If you insert that awful image one more time, I'm going to have a difficulty continuing to assume good faith.  Another image from commons is fine; but please pick a good one.--The Fat Man Who Never Came Back 10:13, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Removed "fastest guitarist"
I deleted the following from the article...

"Guitar One Magazine named Michael Angelo Batio the fastest guitar player of all time."

For the following reasons

1) It's not particularly relevant to purpose of the article. 2) Judgements of who is the "fastest" vary from publication to publication and rapidly become outdated.--RadioElectric (talk) 17:08, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Somebody put it back. I removed it again for the same reasons, especially #2. Wikipedia should not be a random collection of ephemera. __Just plain Bill (talk) 22:54, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Ongoing chronic quality problem
I just took out a totally incoherent "paragraph" that amounted to "Thisguitarist rules.That one is thebest.Your deluded if you think the other one doesn't rock." Incoherent in that it didn't hang together at all, being just a collection of randomly added various unsourced opinions and vague assertions. Did I throw out any babies with that bathwater? __Just plain Bill (talk) 22:54, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

If I had a guitar...
I would play for the angels.--Feeling Guitar 92 (talk) 05:52, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Shocked at this stub
I apologise if some of the editors for this stub may be new to Wikipedia. I appreciate your well-intentioned efforts! However, I must point out- this is an encyclopedia. It is not a fan site. Not MySpace, or a You Tube contest to see whose favourite guitarists are the best, or whatever. If you are editing this, please, take this advice from someone who has been there- find several really experienced editors and discuss whatever outline for a new article you would like to see. If you do not have such an outline, stop, and reconsider. Do you want a factual article that lists reliable references for their lists of top guitarists? If so, photos come last, if at all. Placing a paragraph about guitars and art totally threw me-- what?! What IS this article about? Think about the multitude of genres of music that guitarists play. Do you really think you can cover them all here? I see rock, and jazz. And art (?!) And one of the photos I uploaded, with no explanation in the text about why it's here. Please. Take down the photographs (which are 1/2 of my area of interest on Wikipedia), and rethink the reliable lists of guitarists (the other half of my focus on Wikipedia) and how you expect this page to work. Be bold, but get some experienced advice.--Leahtwosaints (talk) 00:02, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

What about Roy Buchanan?
You forgot the greatest guitarist of all time;

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOptDDU3rOo&feature=related —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.224.13.93 (talk) 23:08, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

or here;

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvdlCbDRXDE&feature=related —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.224.13.93 (talk) 23:22, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Montage of guitarists
I have removed the montage of guitarists for the moment. It is totally unnecessary within the article and will only bring up arguments of why x guitarist is not in the montage (some of my favourite players were not there). There is already this quote within the article which is just as fitting to this problem:

"A 2009 book, The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists, attempted to define the best players of the heavy metal field and caused much controversy in doing so."

That montage is just as controversial as who is regarded as the top players is just as opinionated. --Alowishus321 (talk) 22:07, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

This article should not be about the "Best" and "Notable" guitarists
The biggest section on this article, Notable guitarists, is completely opinion based (opinions are still opinions even if they appear in published media) and inherently biased. Any mention of favoritism about a specific guitarist or even about a musical genre over another should be removed from this article including that Top guitarists montage. This article should be about the history of the profession, how it has evolved through time and space, and how society's perception of guitarists has evolved. Of course a few names should be incorporated but only in the context of historical significance, NOT to compare "best" guitarists. If it helps, this article should be like physicist. Hamsterlopithecus (talk) 00:26, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I have removed the following image and section as it is biased and does not follow WP:POV -Hamsterlopithecus (talk) 16:06, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

Sorry I disagree. It is fine to mention the Rolling Stone list as the list top guitarists, even if I disagree with it. As for the montage it is fine to represent some of the top guitarists. It is asserted if is in no order and such a random selection. It is simply a montage of well known and revered guitarists.♦  Dr. Blofeld  09:38, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

Rolling Stone
Kirk Hammett, Kurt Cobain, Jack White and Keith Richards in the top 20. No Joe Satriani, Larry Carlton, Neal Schon, Steve Vai, Paco de lucia, Al di Meola? What a joke!! ♦ Dr. Blofeld  11:53, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

Non-free content
Non-free content calls 'a complete or partial recreation of "Top 100" or similar lists where the list has been selected in a creative manner' unacceptable. Here is a diff. The Rolling Stone "top 10" list has stood in this article for a long time. (It has also been a troll/vandal magnet for a long time, but that is a side issue in this context.) I don't care if it stays or goes, but here is a place to comment on it. __ Just plain Bill (talk) 11:40, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

 * FU is the policy I'm conforming to by removing non-free content (partial recreation of Top 10 list selected in a creative fashion). This was stated in the edit summary. I'm disappointed that an experienced editor chose to revert this without checking the policy in question or leaving an edit summary. ŞůṜīΣĻ ¹98¹ Speak 12:34, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Actually in thinking about it you are probably right. Any list which features Keith Richards as the 10th greatest guitarist of all time should be eradicated at all costs as its clearly a joke. That's my rationale.♦ Dr. Blofeld  12:53, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

 * My apologies, I realise I've been abrupt. I tend towards the "eliminate on sight" mindset when it comes to copyright vio and was irritated that a change I made (clearly quoting policy in edit summary) was reverted without comment. I'll explain my rationale further. I think the policy regarding this is quite clear though: "partial recreation of "Top 100" or similar lists where the list has been selected in a creative manner". I'd also like to direct everyone to the Attorney Feedback section of this discussion on non-free content, specifically "if you list the top 5 out of a top 20 or even top 100 list, it's less likely to be fair use because the top 5 is usually what the public is the most interested in. Whereas if you give #2, #6, and #18-20, even though you are giving up the same percentage, it is more likely to be considered fair use". I hope this explains my stance and my removal of the top 10 list from the article. I'll be keeping an eye on this talkpage so if you agree with me or think I'm plain wrong and the info should be reinserted then feel free to say so! :-) ŞůṜīΣĻ ¹98¹ Speak 13:05, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

My Top 10 would be

 * 1) Paco de Lucia
 * 2) Aniello Desiderio
 * 3) Goran Sollscher
 * 4) John Williams
 * 5) Larry Carlton
 * 6) Joe Satriani
 * 7) Joe Pass
 * 8) Tommy Emmanuel
 * 9) Doyle Dykes
 * 10) Bireli Lagrene

Hendrix and SRV would be somewhere between 10th and 15th... Clapton, not even in my top 20. ♦ Dr. Blofeld  13:33, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Worthless
Lists like this are stupid; they give us no more useful information than a beauty contest.

Jimi Hendrix, the #1 greatest guitarist of all time? Give me a break. One of the most influential, certainly. And he did contribute something unique (at the time) to the genre. But his short career, limited stylistic explorations, and meager output (he only released four albums in his lifetime, with about 3-1/2 albums worth of original material among them), certainly don't place him anywhere near history's greatest masters of the instrument.

Where is Paco? Segovia? Robert deVisee? Carlos Montoya? Django Reinhart? Grant Green (who played all those Les Paul licks without speeding up the tape...)? What of Julian Bream? How about Kauhito Yamashita (who made the first complete guitar transcription of Mussorgsky's "Pictures at an Exhibition" and recorded it solo)? Where are any of the Romeros? Carcassi, Guilanni, or Paganini (who together defined what we now think of as "guitar")? Egberto Gismonti? Charlie Christian? Sonny Sharock? Larry Coryell? Derek Bailey? John Fahey? David Bromberg? Adrian Legg?

Instead we get Lindsey Buckingham, Paul Simon, and Joni Mitchell(!!!)?? Mitchell and Bonnie Raitt, BTW, are the only two women who ever seem to appear on these lists. What about Renata Tarragó? Mary Ford? Kaki King? Mimi Fox?

Instead of lists of The Greatest Guitarists of All Time these would be better called This Year's List of the Most Popular Guitarists the List Compiler Happens to Have Heard Of

Oy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.95.43.249 (talk) 23:49, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Guitarist. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130605091245/http://blogcritics.org:80/the-top-100-guitarists-according-to/ to http://blogcritics.org/the-top-100-guitarists-according-to/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:19, 26 August 2015 (UTC)

Hatnote
the following is the proper hatnote system for this page according to Hatnote:

First, we need to disambiguate similarly-titled article about the British magazine, which we do with For per WP:SIMILAR. Then, because the "Guitar player" redirects to "Guitarist", and it is not similar to the article title, and because it is an ambiguous term, we use Redirect per WP:AMBIGTERM.

This is standard procedure. To name a few examples, the exact system of hatnotes I describe is used on Mathematics, Psychology (the second two hatnotes), and Duck (the first hatnote is About, but the point is that the Redirect is there and separate, as it should be here).

It's unclear why this procedural change requires consensus after a random IP address reverted the edit without a proper explanation. Thrakkx (talk) 18:29, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guitarist


text:
René Jacobs

René Jacobs (born 30 October 1946) is a Belgian musician. He came to fame as a countertenor, but later in his career he became known as a conductor of baroque and classical opera.

Countertenor
Born in Ghent, Jacobs began his musical career as a boy chorister at the Cathedral. Later he studied classical philology at the University of Ghent while continuing to sing in Brussels and in The Hague.

The Kuijken brothers, Gustav Leonhardt and Alfred Deller all encouraged him to pursue a career as a countertenor, and he quickly became known as one of the best of his time. He recorded a large amount of less-known Baroque music by such composers as Antonio Cesti, d'India, Ferrari, Marenzio, Lambert, Guédron, William Lawes and others. He also sang in much-acclaimed recordings of the major works of Bach (such as the St Matthew Passion led by Gustav Leonhardt and Philippe Herreweghe).

Conductor
In 1977, he founded the ensemble Concerto Vocale.

As a conductor, Jacobs recorded numerous operas and sacred and secular works of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. His recording of Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is especially renowned, having won such awards as Gramophones Record of the Year for 2004, Le Monde de la musiques Choc of the Year for 2004, a Grammy Award for "Best Opera recording of 2005", and two Midem Classical Awards in 2004. Other award-winning recordings include George Frideric Handel's Rinaldo (Cannes Classical Award, 2004), and Joseph Haydn's The Seasons (Diapason d’Or of 2005). The partial discography below lists some of the many other awards won by Jacobs' recordings.

His recordings and work have won numerous awards, including the Grammy Award for "Best Opera", Gramophone's "Record of the Year", the "III Premio Traetta 2011", and numerous European awards. His recording of Mozart's The Magic Flute was Record of the Year at the inaugural International Classical Music Awards in April 2011.

He is particularly noted as a singer's conductor, and for his handling of recitative.

Jacobs regularly conducted such orchestras and ensembles as the Concerto Köln, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin, Freiburger Barockorchester, Nederlands Kamerkoor and RIAS Kammerchor for recordings and concert tours. In 1992, the Berlin State Opera invited Jacobs to conduct there.

From 1991 to 2009, Jacobs was the artistic director of opera programs at Innsbruck's Festwochen der Alten Musik (Innsbruck Festival of Early Music). He also taught interpretation and Baroque singing style at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis.

Countertenor

 * Marc-Antoine Charpentier : 3 Leçons de Ténèbres du Mercredy Sainct, H.96, H.97, H.98, 3 Répons du Mercrediy Sainct, H.111, H.112, H.113, 3 Leçons de Ténèbres du Jeudy Sainct, H.102, H.103, H.109, Judith Nelson, Concerto Vocale (recorded 08/1977 and 01/1978) 3 LP Harmonia Mundi HM 1005/6/7
 * Marc-Antoine Charpentier : 3 Leçons de Ténèbres du Vendredy Sainct, H.105, H.106, H.110, 6 Répons du Mercredy Sainct. H.114.H.115, H.116, H.117, H.118, H.119, Judith Nelson, Concerto Vocale (Volume 2, recorded 01/1978 and 01/1979) 2 LP Harmonia Mundi HM 1008/09
 * Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Motets à voix seule et à 2 voix, Judith Nelson, Concerto Vocale. CD Harmonia Mundi 1984 HMC 901149
 * François Couperin: 3 Leçons de Ténèbres, Concerto Vocale. CD Harmonia Mundi 1984
 * Marc-Antoine Charpentier : David et Jonathas H.490, (La Pythonisse), English Bach Festival Orchestra, conducted by Michel Corboz – 2 CD Erato 1982 report 2010.
 * Christoph Willibald Gluck: Orfeo ed Euridice with Marianne Kweksilber, Magdalena Falewicz, and La Petite Bande conducted by Sigiswald Kuijken, Collegium vocale – 2 LP Accent 1982
 * Georg Friedrich Händel: Tamerlano with John Elwes, Henri Ledroit, Mieke van der Sluis, Isabelle Poulenard, Gregory Reinhart, and La Grande Ecurie et La Chambre Du Roy conducted by Jean-Claude Malgoire – 3 LP CBS Masterworks 1984
 * Georg Friedrich Händel: Alessandro with Sophie Boulin, Isabelle Poulenard, Jean Nirouët, Stephen Varcoe, Guy de Mey, Ria Bollen, and La Petite Bande conducted by Sigiswald Kuijken – 4 LP Deutsche Harmonia Mundi 1985
 * Georg Friedrich Händel: Admeto with Jill Gomez, Rachel Yakar, James Bowman, Max van Egmond, Ulrik Cold, and Il Complesso Barocco conducted by Alan Curtis – 5 LP EMI 1978
 * Georg Friedrich Händel: Partenope with Krisztina Laki, John York Skinner, Helga Müller-Molinari, Stephen Varcoe, Martyn Hill, and La Petite Bande conducted by Sigiswald Kuijken – 4 LP Deutsche Harmonia Mundi 1979

Conductor

 * Bach – Mass in B minor
 * Bach – Christmas Oratorio (Choc du Monde de la Musique; ClassicsToday.com)
 * Bach – The Motets (award: Diapason d'Or)
 * Bach – Secular cantatas
 * Blow – Venus and Adonis
 * Buxtehude – Membra Jesu Nostri
 * Caldara – Maddalena ai piedi di Cristo (awards: Gramophone Award; Diapason d'or)
 * Cavalli – La Calisto (awards: Cannes Classical Award; Diapason d'or)
 * Cavalli – Giasone (1988)
 * Cavalli – Xerxes – (awards: Choc du Monde de la Musique; Diapason d'or; Un événement Télérama (ffff))
 * Cesti – Cantatas
 * Cesti – Orontea
 * Gluck – Orfeo ed Euridice (awards: Cannes Classical Awards)
 * Grandi – Vulnerasti cor meum and other sacred music
 * Handel – Giulio Cesare
 * Handel- Messiah
 * Handel – Rinaldo ((awards: Cannes Classical Award)
 * Handel- Saul ((awards: Editor's choice Gramophone; Choc du Monde de la musique; BBC Music Magazine Disc of the Month (October 2005))
 * Handel – Orlando ((awards: DG Archiv)
 * Haydn – Die Jahreszeiten (awards: Choc du Monde de la Musique; Edison Classical Music Award; Gramophone Award)
 * Haydn – Die Schöpfung
 * Haydn – Symphonies Nos. 91 and 92 (awards: Choc du Monde de la Musique; Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik; Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik)
 * Keiser - Croesus (awards: Edison Classical Music Award; Diapaison d'or)
 * Monteverdi – L'Orfeo (awards: Choc 2006)
 * Monteverdi – Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria (Diapason d'or; Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik)
 * Monteverdi – L'incoronazione di Poppea
 * Monteverdi – Vespro della beata Vergine
 * Monteverdi – Madrigals
 * Mozart – Così fan tutte (Cannes Classical Awards; Diapason d'or; Edison Classical Music Award)
 * Mozart – Le nozze di Figaro (awards: 47th Grammy Award; Choc du Monde de la Musique; Edison Classical Music Award; Gramophone Record of the Year 2004; Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik
 * Mozart – La clemenza di Tito (awards: Critics award at the Brits Classics 2007; 10 de Classica-Répertoire; Jahrespreis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik; Un événement Télérama (ffff)
 * Mozart – Don Giovanni (awards: Gramophone Record of the Month, October 2007; Classics Today 10/10)
 * Mozart – Symphonies Nos. 38 and 41 (awards: 10 de Classica-Répertoire; Diapason d'Or Arte)
 * Mozart – Idomeneo (awards: Scherzo, Choc de Classica, Un événement Télérama (ffff)
 * Pergolesi – Stabat Mater
 * Purcell – Dido and Aeneas; (awards: Editor's choice Gramophone; Un événement Télérama (ffff)
 * Scarlatti  – Il primo omicidio (overo caïn) (awards: Diapason d'or; Editor's choice Gramophone; Gramophone Award; Le Timbre de Platine
 * Scarlatti – Griselda (awards: 10 de Répertoire; Diapason d'or; Le Timbre de Platine)
 * Schubert – Symphonies 1 & 6, Pentatone PTC 5186707 (2018)
 * Schubert – Symphonies 2 & 3, Pentatone PTC 5186759 (2020) BBC Radio 3 Record Review Choice of Marina Frolova-Walker 03/10/2020
 * Schütz – Christmas Oratorio (awards: Diapason d'or; Un événement Télérama (ffff))
 * Zelenka – Magnificat & Lamenti

Literature

 * Jozef Robijns en Miep Zijlstra, Algemene Muziek Encyclopedie deel 5, Unieboek 1981, pagina 36
 * Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages, ISBN 0-19-861459-4
 * Nicolas Blanmont, René Jacobs, prima la musica, prime le parole, uitgave Versant Sud (2009)
 * René Jacobs im Gespräch mit Silke Leopold: "Ich will Musik neu erzählen", Bärenreiter Henschel, Kassel 2013, ISBN 978-3-89487-910-5.

title: René Jacobs


text:
Another Country

Another Country may refer to:

Films

 * Another Country (1984 film), an adaptation of Mitchell's play
 * Another Country (2015 film), a documentary about the intersection of Australian Aboriginal culture and modern Australian culture

Literature

 * Another Country (novel), 1962, by American writer James Baldwin
 * Another Country (play), 1981, by English playwright Julian Mitchell

Music

 * Another Country (The Chieftains album), 1992
 * Another Country (Mango Groove album), 1993 album by South African music group Mango Groove
 * "Another Country" (Mango Groove song), title song of the 1993 album by Mango Groove
 * Another Country (Tift Merritt album), 2008
 * Another Country (Cassandra Wilson album), 2012
 * Another Country (Rod Stewart album), 2015
 * "Another Country", a 1986 song by Redgum on their album Midnight Sun

Most of the above derive, at least indirectly, from the second stanza of I Vow to Thee, My Country, a hymn by Cecil Spring Rice, set to music by Gustav Holst.

title: Another Country


text:
IBM Information Management System

The IBM Information Management System (IMS) is a joint hierarchical database and information management system that supports transaction processing.

History
IBM designed the IMS with Rockwell and Caterpillar starting in 1966 for the Apollo program, where it was used to inventory the very large bill of materials (BOM) for the Saturn V Moon rocket and Apollo space vehicle.

The system was first considered operational when the first "READY" message appeared on an IBM 2740 terminal in Downey, California, on August 14, 1968. In the interim period, IMS has undergone many developments as IBM System/360 technology evolved into the current z/OS and IBM zEnterprise System technologies.

Vern Watts had worked continuously on IMS since the 1960's and was IMS's chief architect for many years. Watts joined IBM in 1956 and worked at IBM's Silicon Valley development labs until his death on April 4, 2009.

Database
The IMS Database component stores data using a hierarchical model, which is quite different from IBM's later released relational database, IBM Db2. In IMS, the hierarchical model is implemented using blocks of data known as segments. Each segment can contain several pieces of data, which are called fields. For example, a customer database may have a root segment (or the segment at the top of the hierarchy) with fields such as phone, name, and age. Child segments may be added underneath another segment; for instance, one order segment under each customer segment represents each order a customer has placed with a company. Likewise, each order segment may have many child segments for each item on the order.

There are three basic forms of IMS hierarchical databases:

"Full Function" databases

 * Directly descended from the Data Language Interface (DL/I) databases originally developed for Apollo, full function databases can have primary and secondary indexes, accessed using DL/I calls from an application program, like SQL calls to IBM Db2 or Oracle.
 * Full function databases can be accessed by a variety of methods, although Hierarchical Direct (HDAM) and Hierarchical indexed direct (HIDAM) dominate. The other formats are Simple Hierarchical Indexed Sequential (SHISAM), Hierarchical Sequential (HSAM), and Hierarchical Indexed Sequential (HISAM).
 * Full function databases store data using VSAM, a native z/OS access method, or Overflow Sequential (OSAM), an IMS-specific access method that optimizes the I/O channel program for IMS access patterns. In particular, OSAM performance benefits from sequential access of IMS databases (OSAM Sequential Buffering).

"Fast Path" databases

 * Fast Path databases are optimized for extremely high transaction rates. Data Entry Databases (DEDBs) and Main Storage Databases (MSDBs) are the two types of Fast Path databases. DEDBs use a direct (randomizer) access technique similar to Full Function HDAM and IMS V12 provided a DEDB Secondary Index function. MSDBs do not support secondary indexing. Virtual Storage Option (VSO) DEDBs can replace MSDBs in modern IMS releases, so MSDBs are gradually disappearing.

DEDB performance comes from the use of high-performance (Media Manager) access methods, asynchronous write after commit, and optimized code paths. Logging is minimized because no data is updated on disk until commit, so UNDO (before image) logging is not needed, nor is a backout function. Uncommitted changes can simply be discarded. Starting with IMS Version 11, DEDBs can use z/OS 64-bit storage for database buffers. DEDBs architecture includes a Unit of Work (UOW) concept, which made an effective online reorganization utility simple to implement. This function is included in the base product.

High Availability Large Databases (HALDBs)

 * IMS V7 introduced HALDBs, an extension of IMS full function databases to provide better availability, better handling of extremely large data volumes, and, with IMS V9, online reorganization to support continuous availability. (Third party tools exclusively provided online reorganization prior to IMS V9.) A HALDB can store in excess of 40 terabytes of data.

Transaction Manager
IMS is a transaction manager, (IMS TM, also known as IMS DC) which interacts with an end user connected through VTAM or TCP/IP, (including 3270 and Web user interfaces) or another application. It can process a business function (such as a banking account withdrawal), and maintain state throughout the process, making sure that the system records the business function correctly to a data store.

IMS TM uses a messaging and queuing paradigm. An IMS control program receives a transaction entered from a terminal (or Web browser or other application) and then stores the transaction on a message queue (in memory or in a dataset). IMS then invokes its scheduler on the queued transaction to start the business application program in a message processing region. The message processing region retrieves the transaction from the IMS message queue and processes it, reading and updating IMS and/or Db2 databases and ensuring proper recording of the transaction. Then, if required, IMS enqueues a response message back onto the IMS message queue. Once the output message is complete and available, the IMS control program sends it back to the originating terminal. IMS TM can handle this whole process thousands (or even tens of thousands) of times per second. In 2013, IBM completed a benchmark on IMS Version 13 demonstrating the ability to process 100,000 transactions per second on a single IMS system.

Application
IMS TM provides a standard environment for transaction execution. Several Chinese banks had purchased IMS by the late 2000s to support the country's burgeoning financial industry.

IMS complements IBM Db2, IBM's relational database system introduced in 1982. IMS generally performs faster than Db2 for common tasks, but may require more programming effort to design and maintain for non-primary duties.

A relational data warehouse may be used to supplement an IMS database. For example, IMS may provide primary ATM transactions because it performs well for such a specific task.

title: IBM Information Management System


text:
John Adams (disambiguation)

John Adams (1735–1826) was the second president of the United States.

John Adams may also refer to:

Relatives of the United States president

 * John Adams Sr. (1691–1761), father and grandfather, respectively, of two U.S. presidents
 * John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), sixth president of the United States and son of President John Adams
 * John Adams II (1803–1834), son of President John Quincy Adams and grandson of President John Adams
 * John Quincy Adams II (1833–1894), American politician and grandson of President John Quincy Adams
 * John Quincy Adams (1848–1919), land and townsite agent for Milwaukee Railroad

United States

 * John Adams (Virginia politician) (1773–1825), mayor of Richmond, Virginia
 * John Adams (New York politician) (1778–1854), congressman from New York
 * John Q. Adams (Wisconsin politician) (1816–1895), Wisconsin state legislator
 * John W. Adams (Kentucky politician), Kentucky state legislator
 * John W. Adams (Wisconsin politician) (1862–1939), Wisconsin state legislator
 * John Adams (Wisconsin politician) (1819–1908), Wisconsin state legislator
 * John H. Addams (1822–1881), Illinois state senator and father of Jane Addams
 * John J. Adams (1848–1919), congressman from New York
 * John T. Adams (1862–1939), Republican National Committee chairman
 * John Adams Sr. (Nebraska politician) (1876–1962), American minister, lawyer, and politician
 * John Adams Jr. (Nebraska politician) (1906–1999), American lawyer and politician
 * John Adams (Ohio politician) (born 1960), Ohio House of Representatives
 * John Adams (journalist) (1819–1897), American lawyer, politician and journalist in Maine

Elsewhere

 * John Adams (Pembroke MP) (by 1511–1571/75), Welsh MP for Pembroke Boroughs
 * John Adams (merchant) (1672/3–1745), American-born member of the Nova Scotia Council
 * John Adams (Carmarthen MP) (c. 1746–1817), British politician
 * John Adams, 1st Baron Adams (1890–1960), British politician and public servant
 * Tom Adams (politician) or Jon Adams (1931–1985), prime minister of Barbados

Academics

 * John Adams (Master of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge) (died 1746), Master of Sidney Sussex 1730–1746
 * John Adams (educational writer) (1750?–1814), Scottish compiler of books for young readers
 * John Adams (educationist) (1857–1934), Scottish educator and Principal of the Institute of Education
 * John Cranford Adams (1903–1986), American educator and president of Hofstra University
 * John Adams (geographer) (born 1938), English professor of geography and theorist on risk compensation

Arts and entertainment

 * John Adams (poet) (1704–1740), only son of the Nova Scotian merchant John Adams
 * John Turvill Adams (1805–1882), American novelist
 * John "Grizzly" Adams (1812–1860), American mountain man and animal trainer
 * John Clayton Adams (1840–1906), English landscape artist
 * John Wolcott Adams (1874–1925), American illustrator
 * John Quincy Adams (painter) (1874–1933), Austrian genre and portrait painter
 * Jon Adams (musician) (born 1939), American folk musician
 * John Adams (composer) (born 1947), American composer of classical music and opera
 * John Clement Adams (born 1947), American composer and educator
 * John Luther Adams (born 1953), American composer whose music is inspired by nature
 * John Joseph Adams (born 1976), American science fiction and fantasy fiction editor
 * John L. Adams (born 1973), American actor, comedian and director

Works

 * John Adams (book), a 2001 biography by David McCullough
 * John Adams (miniseries), a 2008 HBO television miniseries based on McCullough's book

Law

 * John Hicks Adams (1820–1878), Deputy U.S. Marshal for the Arizona Territory 1878
 * John Jay Adams (1860–1926), American lawyer and judge
 * John R. Adams (born 1955), U.S. federal judge
 * John Donley Adams (born 1973), American lawyer and candidate for Attorney General of Virginia
 * J. Christian Adams (born 1968), American attorney and conservative activist

Military

 * John Worthington Adams (1764–1837), British general in India
 * John Giles Adams (1792–1832), U.S. commander at the Battle of Stillman's Run during the 1832 Black Hawk War
 * John Adams (Confederate Army officer) (1825–1864), US Army officer
 * John G. B. Adams (1841–1900), Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
 * John Mapes Adams (1871–1921), Boxer Rebellion Medal of Honor recipient
 * John Adams (Royal Navy officer) (1918–2008), British rear admiral
 * John G. Adams (1932–2003), Army counsel in the Army-McCarthy hearings
 * John Adams (Canadian general) (born 1942), Canadian military leader

Religion

 * John Adams (Protestant martyr) (died 1546), burnt to death
 * John Adams (Catholic martyr) (c. 1543–1586), English Catholic priest who was hanged, drawn, and quartered
 * John Adams (Provost of King's College, Cambridge) (1662–1720), British Anglican priest
 * John Adams (minister) (c. 1704–1757), Scottish minister and moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
 * John Adams (educator) (1772–1863), educator who organized several hundred Sunday schools
 * John Greenleaf Adams (1810–1897), editor of religious texts
 * John Adams (educational writer) (c. 1750–1814), Scottish minister and author of school texts
 * John Hurst Adams (1927–2018), American civil rights activist and Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church
 * John Adams (bishop) (born 1963), New Zealand Roman Catholic bishop

Science

 * John Adams (physicist) (1920–1984), British accelerator physicist
 * John Couch Adams (1819–1892), British mathematician and astronomer
 * John Franklin Adams (1843–1912), British amateur astronomer and author of stellar maps
 * John Stacey Adams, behavioral psychologist known for equity theory

Football

 * John C. Adams (1887–1969), American college football player
 * John Adams (offensive lineman) (1921–1969), American football offensive lineman
 * John Adams (running back) (1937–1995), American football player
 * Johnny Adams (gridiron football) (born 1989), American football cornerback
 * John Adams (center), college football player

Hockey

 * John Adams (ice hockey, born 1920) (1920–1996), Canadian ice hockey winger in the NHL with the Montreal Canadiens
 * John Adams (ice hockey, born 1946), Canadian ice hockey goaltender

Other sports

 * Bert Adams (John Bertram Adams, 1891–1940), American baseball player
 * John H. Adams (jockey) (1914–1995), American Hall of Fame jockey
 * John Adams (basketball) (1917–1979), All-American basketball player from Arkansas
 * John Adams (drummer) (1951–2023), perennial attendee of Cleveland Indians baseball home games
 * John Adams (golfer) (born 1954), American professional golfer
 * John Adams (judoka) (born 1960), Dominican Republic judoka

Other people

 * John Adams (cartographer) (c. 1643–1690), produced a map of England and Wales
 * John Adams (mutineer) (1767–1829), aboard HMS Bounty
 * John Adams (glassmaker) (1823–1886), pioneer glass manufacturer
 * John Bodkin Adams (1899–1983), British physician and suspected serial killer
 * John Frank Adams (1930–1989), British mathematician
 * John H. Adams (environmentalist) (born 1936), founding director and trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council
 * John Till Adams (1748–1786), English Quaker physician
 * John Adams (shoemaker) (1745–1849), American shoemaker, veteran and centenarian

Other uses

 * Johnadams, a minor planet
 * John Adams, California, the former name of Centerville, California, US
 * USS John Adams, several US Navy ships
 * John Quincy Adams (train), of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad
 * John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, a UK physics research institute named for the physicist John Adams
 * John Adams Institute (Netherlands) (Stichting John Adams Instituut), a 1987 American cultural promotion organization

title: John Adams (disambiguation)