text:
1875 in Canada

Events from the year 1875 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
 * Prime Minister – Alexander Mackenzie
 * Chief Justice – William Buell Richards (Ontario) (from 30 September 1875)
 * Parliament – 3rd

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Joseph Trutch
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Alexander Morris
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Willoughby Crawford (until May 13) then Donald Alexander Macdonald (from May 18)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Robert Hodgson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – René-Édouard Caron

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
 * Premier of Manitoba – Robert Atkinson Davis
 * Premier of New Brunswick – George Edwin King
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand (until May 8) then Philip Carteret Hill (from May 11)
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Lemuel Cambridge Owen
 * Premier of Quebec – Charles Boucher de Boucherville

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories – Alexander Morris

Events

 * January 14 – The Halifax Herald is first published.
 * January 18 – 1875 Ontario election: Sir Oliver Mowat's Liberals win a second consecutive majority.
 * March 1 – The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto) is founded.
 * April 5 – The Supreme Court of Canada is created.
 * April 8 – The Northwest Territories is given a lieutenant-governor separate from that of Manitoba.
 * May 11 – Philip Carteret Hill becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing William Annand.
 * June 1 – Construction begins on the Canadian Pacific Railway.
 * June 30 – The Land Purchase Act comes into effect in Prince Edward Island in order to address the "land question", one of the issues that had prompted the colony to join Confederation.
 * July 7 – 1875 Quebec election: Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville's Conservatives win a third consecutive majority.
 * July 20 – 1875 British Columbia election.
 * September 2 – The Guibord Affair, violence resulting from the 1874 Guibord case, breaks out.

Full date unknown

 * Convent Scandal: During the winter in Montreal, typhoid fever strikes at a convent school. The corpses of the victims are filched by body-snatchers before relatives arrive from America, causing much furor. Eventually the Anatomy Act of Quebec is changed over it.
 * Louis Riel is granted amnesty with the condition that he be banished for five years.
 * Jennifer Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practise medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a licence in Toronto since 1867.
 * Grace Lockhart receives from Mount Allison University the first Bachelor of Arts degree awarded to a woman.

Births

 * February 26 – Edith Jane Miller, concert contralto singer (d. 1936)
 * March 29 – Harry James Barber, politician (d.1959)
 * June 12 – Sam De Grasse, actor (d.1953)
 * June 15 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, ski pioneer and supercentenarian (d.1987)
 * August 2 – Albert Hickman, politician and 17th Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d.1943)
 * August 21 – Winnifred Eaton, author (d.1954)
 * August 22 – François Blais, politician (d.1949)
 * August 26 – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, novelist, politician and 15th Governor General of Canada (d.1940)
 * September 6 – Edith Berkeley, biologist
 * October 5 – Anne-Marie Huguenin, journalist
 * November 19 – John Knox Blair, politician, physician and teacher (d.1950)
 * December 5 – Arthur Currie, World War I general (d.1933)

Deaths

 * March 1 – Henry Kellett, officer in the Royal Navy, oceanographer, Arctic explorer (b.1806)
 * June 22 – William Edmond Logan, geologist (b.1798)
 * July 15 – Charles La Rocque, priest and third Bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe (b.1809)
 * July 22 – Amable Éno, dit Deschamps, political figure (b.1785)
 * August 21 – George Coles, Premier of Prince Edward Island (b.1810)
 * December 14 – Marie-Anne Gaboury, female explorer (b.1780)

Historical documents
Now in Opposition, J.A. Macdonald and Charles Tupper criticize the Liberal government

Rev. George Bryce details Presbyterian Church's "heathen" mission work among 80,000 Indigenous people in North-West Territories

Painting: Huron-Wendat Chief Telari-o-lin's self-portrait

title: 1875 in Canada


text:
1876 in Canada

Events from the year 1876 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
 * Prime Minister – Alexander Mackenzie
 * Chief Justice – William Buell Richards (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 3rd

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Joseph Trutch (until June 27) then Albert Norton Richards
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Alexander Morris
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – David Laird (from October 7)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Donald Alexander Macdonald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Robert Hodgson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – René-Édouard Caron (until December 13) then Luc Letellier de St-Just (from December 15)

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem (until February 1) then Andrew Charles Elliott
 * Premier of Manitoba – Robert Atkinson Davis
 * Premier of New Brunswick – George Edwin King
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – Philip Carteret Hill
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Lemuel Cambridge Owen (until August 1) then Louis Henry Davies
 * Premier of Quebec – Charles Boucher de Boucherville

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – Alexander Morris (from October 7)
 * Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories – Alexander Morris then David Laird

Events

 * January 1 – The building of Fredericton City Hall is completed
 * February 1 – Andrew Elliott becomes premier of British Columbia, replacing George Walkem
 * April 12 - The Indian Act is passed. Consolidating and expanding on existing Canadian laws, it defines the special status and land regulations of Aboriginal peoples in Canada who live on reserves; status Indians have no vote in Canadian elections and are exempt from taxes
 * July 1 – The Intercolonial Railway connecting central Canada to the Maritimes is completed
 * August – Sir Louis Henry Davies becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Lemuel Cambridge Owen
 * August 10 – The world's first long-distance phone call connects the Bell residence with a shoe and boot store in nearby Paris, Ontario.
 * August 23 – The first signings of Treaty 6. Further signings will be on August 28 and September 9.
 * October 7 – The District of Keewatin (incorporating the disputed area between Ontario and Manitoba) is separated from the North-West Territories.
 * October 10 – 1876 Prince Edward Island election: Lemuel Cambridge Owen's Conservatives win a second consecutive majority

Full date unknown

 * The Toronto Women's Literary Club is founded as a front for the suffrage movement.
 * The Legislative Council of Manitoba is abolished, and the legislature becomes unicameral.

Sport

 * September 20 – The Ottawa Football Club (Ottawa Rough Riders) is established.

January to June

 * January 8 – Matthew Robert Blake, politician (died 1937)
 * January 21 – James Charles Brady, politician (died 1962)
 * January 27 – Frank S. Cahill, politician (died 1934)
 * April 3 – Margaret Anglin, actress, director and producer (died 1958)
 * April 21 – William Henry Wright, prospector and newspaper owner (died 1951)
 * June 17 – Thomas Crerar, politician and Minister (died 1975)

July to December

 * August 23 – William Melville Martin, politician and Premier of Saskatchewan (died 1970)
 * September 6 – John Macleod, physician, physiologist and Nobel laureate (died 1935)
 * October 6 – Ernest Lapointe, politician (died 1941)
 * November 18 – Walter Seymour Allward, sculptor (died 1955)
 * December 9 – Berton Churchill, actor (died 1940)

Deaths

 * February 4 – Charles-Séraphin Rodier, mayor of Montreal (born 1797)
 * February 5 – George Ryan, politician (born 1806)
 * April 5 – Élisabeth Bruyère, nun (born 1818)
 * June 1 – Malcolm Cameron, businessman and politician (born 1808)
 * July 3 – Aldis Bernard, mayor of Montreal (born 1810)
 * July 27 – Thomas-Louis Connolly, Archbishop of Halifax (born 1814)
 * October 2 – Louis-Ovide Brunet, priest and botanist (born 1826)
 * October 6 – John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar, Governor General (born 1807)
 * December 13 – René-Édouard Caron, 2 Mayor of Quebec City and 2nd Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec (born 1800)

Full date unknown

 * Edward Feild, Church of England clergyman, inspector of schools, bishop of Newfoundland (born 1801)
 * Wilson Ruffin Abbott, businessman and landowner (born 1801)

Historical documents
Bell's Ontario experiments lead to the first long-distance telephone conversation

Treaty 6 annexes land of Cree and other nations in exchange for reserves subject to sale or development, plus money and supplies

Mark Twain's anger at a Canadian firm publishing The Adventures of Tom Sawyer without permission

Emigrant's guide written especially for "people of small fortune"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1876 in Canada


text:
1880 in Canada

Events from the year 1880 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
 * Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
 * Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
 * Parliament – 4th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Albert Norton Richards
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Edward Barron Chandler (until February 6) then Robert Duncan Wilmot (from February 11)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Donald Alexander Macdonald (until July 1) then John Beverley Robinson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Thomas Heath Haviland
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Théodore Robitaille

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
 * Premier of Manitoba – John Norquay
 * Premier of New Brunswick – John James Fraser
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – Simon Hugh Holmes
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan
 * Premier of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – David Laird

Events

 * February 4 – Five members of the Donnelly family are killed near Lucan, Ontario.
 * February 14 – The wife of the governor general, The Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne, is seriously injured when the viceregal sleigh overturns on a Rudolph Ottawa street.
 * March 25 – George Brown fatally shot by a disgruntled employee.
 * May 4 – Edward Blake becomes the new leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.
 * June 24 – "O Canada" first performed.
 * July 16 – The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts is established.
 * October 9 – The United Kingdom gives Canada control of the Arctic Archipelago.

Full date unknown

 * Emily Stowe becomes the first woman doctor to practise medicine in Canada
 * Sanford Fleming becomes chancellor of Queen's University
 * Bell Canada founded
 * Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). British-backed Canadian firm, headed by US railroad building genius (Sir William Cornelius Van Horne) gets the deal: $25 million, 25 e6acre, already completed sections free, all under-construction sections finished free, 20 year monopoly as only railway and 20-year control over rate-setting.
 * The Varsity, created.

Arts and literature

 * March 6 – The Royal Academy for the Arts is founded.

New books

 * Charles G.D. Roberts, Orion and Other Poems

Births

 * January 17 – Mack Sennett, actor, producer, screenwriter and film director (d.1960)
 * January 18 – Richard Squires, politician and Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d.1940)
 * March 22 – Allison Dysart, politician, lawyer, judge and 21st Premier of New Brunswick (d.1962)
 * April 13 – Charles Christie, motion picture studio owner (d.1955)
 * August 6 – Leland Payson Bancroft, politician (d.1951)
 * August 12 – Jacob Penner, politician (d.1965)
 * August 14 – Percival Molson, athlete and soldier (d.1917)
 * August 29 – Marie-Louise Meilleur, supercentenarian, the oldest validated Canadian ever (d.1998)
 * October 12 – Healey Willan, organist and composer (d.1968)
 * October 27 – Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough, businessman, politician and Governor General of Canada (d.1956)

Deaths

 * January 19 – James Westcott, American-born United States Senator from Florida from 1845 till 1849 (born 1802)
 * February 6 – Edward Barron Chandler, politician (b.1800)
 * May 9 – George Brown, journalist, politician and one of the Fathers of the Confederation (b.1818)
 * June 12 – William Evan Price, businessman and politician (b.1827)
 * October 8 – Caleb Hopkins, farmer and politician (b.1785)
 * October 18 – Luc-Hyacinthe Masson, physician, businessman and politician (b.1811)
 * December 8 – Charles Fisher, politician and 1st Premier of the Colony of New Brunswick (b.1808)
 * December 24 – David Christie, politician (b.1818)

Historical documents
Statute creates Canadian Pacific Railway as government-supported private company for benefit of B.C. and N.W.T.

Chief Ocean Man and another Nakoda (Stoney) describe attack on their people by Gros Ventre and Mandan from U.S. side of border

British order-in-council transfers Arctic islands to Dominion of Canada

Using words like "terrible evil" and "usurpation," Anti-Chinese Association petitions British Columbia legislature to stop Chinese immigration

Editorial on complaints of French-Canadians

Walt Whitman calls Thousand Islands most beautiful place on Earth

To avoid bankruptcy caused by westward expansion, Canada must declare independence

Britain gifts part of HMS Resolute (1850) to U.S. for saving that Arctic exploration ship

Painting: Trapper approaches animal caught in leghold trap

title: 1880 in Canada


text:
1881 in Canada

Events from the year 1881 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
 * Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
 * Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
 * Parliament – 4th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Albert Norton Richards (until June 21) then Clement Francis Cornwall
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Robert Duncan Wilmot
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Beverley Robinson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Thomas Heath Haviland
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Théodore Robitaille

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
 * Premier of Manitoba – John Norquay
 * Premier of New Brunswick – John James Fraser
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – Simon Hugh Holmes
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan
 * Premier of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – David Laird (until December 3) then Edgar Dewdney

Events

 * January 17 – The Interprovincial Bridge connecting Ottawa to Hull, Quebec, opens
 * February 16 – The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated
 * April 4 – The 1881 census finds Canada's population to be 4,324,810
 * May 24 – The overloaded steamer Victoria' capsizes on the Thames River near London, Ontario, killing 182 people.
 * October – Clifton, Ontario, is renamed to Niagara Falls.
 * December 2 – Quebec election: Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau's Conservatives win a majority

Full date unknown

 * Manitoba's boundaries are extended north, east and west. Ontario disputes the eastward extension.

Births

 * January 2 – Frederick Varley, artist and member of the Group of Seven (d.1969)
 * January 20 – Fred Dixon, politician (d.1931)
 * March 18 – Oliver Seibert, professional ice hockey player (d.1944)
 * June 17 – Tommy Burns, only Canadian born world heavyweight champion boxer (d.1955)
 * September 27 – James Ralston, lawyer, soldier, politician and Minister (d.1948)
 * October 23 – Al Christie, film director, producer and screenwriter (d.1951)
 * November 4 – Hector Authier, politician, lawyer and news reporter/announcer (d.1971)
 * November 19 – Robert James Manion, politician (d.1943)
 * December 20 – Télesphore-Damien Bouchard, politician (d.1962)
 * December 29 – George Washington Kendall (d.1921)
 * December 31 – Albert Sévigny, politician (d.1961)
 * December 31 – Elizabeth Arden (birth name, Florence Nightingale Graham), founder, Elizabeth Arden cosmetics (d.1966)

Deaths

 * January 28 – Luc Letellier de St-Just, politician and 3rd Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1820)

Historical documents
John A. Macdonald expounds on CPR's troubled past and secure future in House of Commons speech

British editorial labels CPR and Canada bad investments

Wilfrid Laurier accuses Conservatives of "having sacrificed the public cause to personal cupidity"

Governor General speaks on prospects of Northwest Territories

Importance of steamboats to colonization along Saskatchewan River

Ojibwa entertain Governor General at Rat Portage (Kenora), Ont. (Note: racial stereotypes)

Chief Poundmaker tells Cree and Blackfoot legends to Governor General on tour

Colourful Blackfoot riders meet Governor General (Note: "savage" and other stereotypes)

Journalist describes beautiful Qu'Appelle Valley in gorgeous sunset

Nova Scotia woman tries to find maid for $4/month, and describes some of the work

title: 1881 in Canada


text:
1885 in Canada

Events from the year 1885 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
 * Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
 * Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
 * Parliament – 5th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Clement Francis Cornwall
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Cox Aikins
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Robert Duncan Wilmot (until November 11) then Samuel Leonard Tilley
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Matthew Henry Richey
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Beverley Robinson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Andrew Archibald Macdonald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Louis-Rodrigue Masson

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – William Smithe
 * Premier of Manitoba – John Norquay
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew George Blair
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Stevens Fielding
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan
 * Premier of Quebec – John Jones Ross

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – James Cox Aikins
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Edgar Dewdney

Events

 * March 26 – Louis Riel and the Métis battle the North-West Mounted Police at Duck Lake
 * March 30 – North-West Rebellion: The Looting of Battleford begins. It will continue until April 24 when the Militia reach the town.
 * April 2 – North-West Rebellion: In the Frog Lake Massacre, Cree warriors kill nine settler civilians and take 70 captive
 * April 24 – North-West Rebellion: Battle of Fish Creek fought between Canadian Militia and the Métis
 * May 2 – North-West Rebellion: Battle of Cut Knife
 * May 9–12 – North-West Rebellion: Battle of Batoche the Métis are defeated in battle
 * May 15 – Riel surrenders near Batoche, District of Saskatchewan, and is arrested
 * May 28 – North-West Rebellion: Battle of Frenchman's Butte
 * June 3 – North-West Rebellion: Battle of Loon Lake. The last Cree resistance is shattered.
 * July 2 – Big Bear captured.
 * July 6 – Riel is charged with six counts of high treason.
 * July 20 – The trial of Louis Riel begins in Regina, District of Assiniboia
 * July 20 – The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 was enacted. The act imposed a $50 head tax on Chinese immigrants, with the exceptions of diplomats, government representatives, tourists, merchants, "men of science", and students. The act came after a big wave of Chinese immigrants going to Canada.
 * August 1 – Riel is found guilty and sentenced to death
 * September 9 – The Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench dismisses Riel's appeal
 * September 15 – Northwest Territories election
 * October 22 – The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council refuses to hear Riel's appeal
 * October 31 – Newfoundland election: Robert Thorburn's Reforms win a majority
 * November 7 – The Last Spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Craigellachie, British Columbia. John A. Macdonald receives a telegram announcing that the first train from Montreal in Quebec is approaching the Pacific.
 * November 16 – Riel is hanged in Regina.
 * November 27 – Hangings at Battleford: Wandering Spirit, Round the Sky, Bad Arrow, Miserable Man, Iron Body, Little Bear, Crooked Leg and Man Without Blood are hanged for murders committed during the Frog Lake Massacre and the Looting of Battleford. It is the largest mass execution in Canadian history.

Full date unknown

 * Banff Hot Springs Reserve is established. It will be renamed Rocky Mountains Park in 1887 – the first national park in Canada –  and then Banff National Park in 1930.
 * Canada outlaws the potlatch ceremony among Northwest Coast tribes. The law, often ignored, is repealed in 1951.

January to June

 * January 11 – Gordon Daniel Conant, lawyer, politician and 12th Premier of Ontario (d.1953)
 * January 13 – Alfred Fuller, businessman (d.1973)
 * February 4 – Cairine Wilson, Canada's first female Senator (d.1962)
 * April 3 – Allan Dwan, film director, producer and screenwriter (d.1981)
 * April 9 – Frank Patrick O'Connor, businessman, politician and philanthropist (d. 1939)
 * May 8 – Thomas B. Costain, journalist and historical novelist (d.1965)
 * June 27 – Arthur Lismer, painter and member of the Group of Seven (d.1969)

July to December

 * July 23 – Izaak Walton Killam, financier (d.1955)
 * July 31 – Charles Avery Dunning, politician, Minister and university chancellor (d.1958)
 * October 23 – Lawren Harris, Group of Seven painter (d.1970)
 * November 5 – Edgar Sydney Little, politician (d.1943)
 * December 5 – Ernest Cormier, engineer and architect (d.1980)
 * December 24 – Abraham Albert Heaps, politician and labor leader (d.1954)

Deaths

 * January 13 – Gilbert Anselme Girouard, politician (b.1846)
 * February 23 – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon, politician (b.1816)
 * April 8 – Susanna Moodie, writer (b.1803)
 * May 8 – James Colledge Pope, politician and 5th Premier of Prince Edward Island (b.1826)
 * June 8 – Ignace Bourget, bishop of the Diocese of Montreal (b.1799)
 * July 17 – Jean-Charles Chapais, politician (b.1811)
 * August 18 – Francis Hincks, politician (b.1807)
 * November 5 – David Anderson, Church of England priest and bishop of Rupert's Land (b.1814)
 * November 16 – Louis Riel, politician and Métis leader (b.1844)

Historical documents
Account of battle at Duck Lake

Account of battle at Cut Knife Hill

Two settler women travel with Chief Big Bear's Cree band after Frog Lake Massacre

Accounts of battle at Batoche

Opposition Leader Edward Blake's speeches on fighting in Northwest

Convicted of treason, Chief Big Bear pleads for relief of his people

Louis Riel's statement at his trial

Report of psychiatric physician who visited Louis Riel in prison

Newspaper report of Louis Riel's execution

Air clears when women vote in Ontario municipal election

J.A. Macdonald says "while the crosses of the Aryan races are successful[, they] will not wholesomely amalgamate with the Africans or the Asiatics"

"A disgrace to humanity" - Citing emancipation of Blacks and Catholics, senator objects to restrictions on Chinese immigrants

Montrealers' resistance to vaccination during smallpox outbreak turns to rioting

Illustration: vaccinating passengers against smallpox on train to U.S.A.

Photo: Sitting Bull, while on visit to Montreal with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show

title: 1885 in Canada


text:
1887 in Canada

Events from the year 1887 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
 * Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
 * Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
 * Parliament – 5th (until 15 January) then 6th (from 13 April)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Clement Francis Cornwall (until February 8) then Hugh Nelson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Cox Aikins
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Matthew Henry Richey
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Beverley Robinson (until June 1) then Alexander Campbell
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Andrew Archibald Macdonald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Louis-Rodrigue Masson (until October 4) then Auguste-Réal Angers

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – William Smithe (until March 28) then Alexander Edmund Batson Davie (from April 1)
 * Premier of Manitoba – John Norquay (until December 26) then David Howard Harrison
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew George Blair
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Stevens Fielding
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan
 * Premier of Quebec – John Jones Ross (until January 25) then Louis-Olivier Taillon (January 25 to January 27) then Honoré Mercier

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – James Cox Aikins
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Edgar Dewdney

Events

 * January 25 – Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon becomes premier of Quebec, replacing John Jones Ross.
 * January 27 – Honoré Mercier becomes premier of Quebec, replacing Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon.
 * February 22 – Federal election: Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservatives win a third consecutive majority.
 * March 3 – The United States imposes the Fisheries Retaliation Act putting limits on Canadian fishermen and traders
 * March 28 – William Smithe, Premier of British Columbia, dies in office.
 * April 1 – Alexander Davie becomes premier of British Columbia.
 * April 23 – McMaster University founded
 * May 3 – 148 coal miners are killed in a mine explosion near Nanaimo, British Columbia
 * June 7 – Wilfrid Laurier becomes leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
 * June 20 – Golden Jubilee of Victoria's accession as Queen
 * December 3 – Saturday Night founded
 * December 26 – David H. Harrison becomes premier of Manitoba, replacing John Norquay.
 * The first premiers' conference is held at Quebec City, Quebec

January to June

 * January 21 – Georges Vézina, ice hockey player (d.1926)
 * February 20 – Vincent Massey, lawyer, diplomat and Governor General of Canada (d.1967)
 * February 25 – Andrew McNaughton, army officer, politician and diplomat (d.1966)
 * April 13 – Gordon S. Fahrni, medical doctor (d.1995)
 * May 21 – James Gladstone, first Status Indian to be appointed to the Senate of Canada (d.1971)

July to December

 * July 4 – Tom Longboat, long-distance runner (d.1949)
 * July 5 – Joseph Charles-Émile Trudeau, entrepreneur and father of Pierre Trudeau, who would later become Prime Minister of Canada (d.1935)
 * September 17 – Georges Poulin, hockey player (d. 1971)
 * October 8 – Huntley Gordon, actor (d. 1956)
 * October 14 – Frances Loring, sculptor (d.1968)
 * December 20 – Walter Russell Shaw, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island (d.1981)

Deaths

 * February 25 – Augustin-Magloire Blanchet, missionary (b.1797)
 * March 28 – William Smithe, politician and 6th Premier of British Columbia (b.1842)
 * May 4 – William Murdoch, poet (b.1823)
 * May 8 – Sir William Young, Premier of Nova Scotia (b.1799)
 * June 25 – Matthew Crooks Cameron, lawyer, judge and politician (b.1822)
 * August 18 – John Palliser, explorer and geographer (b.1817)
 * October 11 – Louis-Adélard Senécal, businessman and politician (b.1829)
 * October 12 – William Annand, 2nd Premier of Nova Scotia (b.1808)

Historical documents
Senate committee suggests seeding North-West with wild rice, developing bison hybrid, and preserving food using Indigenous ways

Senate debate on North-West Territories growth blames decades of delay on British ignorance (Note: "Indians" and "civilize" stereotypes)

Canadian Pacific Railway offers land seekers $25 return fare to Winnipeg, with option to go on westward (and fare refunded if 160 acres purchased)

Statistical snapshot of Ontario, with note on reciprocity with U.S.

Royal commission hears that labour and small business in Toronto are squeezed by increasing competition and rising rents

"A blot on our Statute Book" - Sen. William Johnston Almon against Chinese head tax law penalizing any immigrant with "yellow skin and an almond eye"

Opposition Leader Wilfrid Laurier comments on "cancer of emigration" to United States

title: 1887 in Canada


text:
1889 in Canada

Events from the year 1889 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Frederick Stanley
 * Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
 * Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
 * Parliament – 6th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Hugh Nelson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – John Christian Schultz
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Archibald McLelan
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Alexander Campbell
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – A.A. Macdonald (until September 2) then Jedediah Slason Carvell
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Auguste-Réal Angers

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – Alexander Edmund Batson Davie (until August 1) then John Robson (from August 2)
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew George Blair
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Stevens Fielding
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan (until November 1) then Neil McLeod
 * Premier of Quebec – Honoré Mercier

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – John Christian Schultz
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Joseph Royal

Premiers

 * Chairman of the Lieutenant-Governor's Advisory Council of the North-West Territories – Robert Brett

Events

 * August 1 – Alexander Davie, Premier of British Columbia, dies in office.
 * August 2 – John Robson becomes premier of British Columbia.
 * August 12 – The Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the British Parliament expands Ontario's boundaries west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River.
 * September 19 – A rockslide in Quebec City kills 45
 * November – Neil McLeod becomes premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Sir William Wilfred Sullivan.
 * November 6 – Newfoundland election: William Whiteway's Liberals win a majority, defeating Robert Thorburn's Reforms

Full date unknown

 * The Dominion Women Enfranchisement Association is created to campaign for women's right to vote

Births

 * February 27 – Samuel Bronfman, businessman (d.1971)
 * May 16 – Morris Gray, politician (d.1966)
 * August 13 – Camillien Houde, politician and four-time mayor of Montreal (d.1958)
 * October 13 – Douglass Dumbrille, actor (d.1974)
 * November 20 – John B. McNair, lawyer, politician, judge and 22nd Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick (d.1968)
 * December 4 – Leslie Gordon Bell, politician and lawyer (d.1963)

Deaths

 * April 9 – Andrew Charles Elliott, jurist, politician and 4th Premier of British Columbia (b. c1828)
 * May 4 – A. B. Rogers, surveyor (b.1829)
 * June 5 – John Hamilton Gray, Premier of New Brunswick (b.1814)
 * July 5 – John Norquay, politician and 5th Premier of Manitoba (b.1841)
 * August 1 – Alexander Edmund Batson Davie, politician and 7th Premier of British Columbia (b.1847)
 * September 5 – Louis-Victor Sicotte, lawyer, judge and politician (b.1812)
 * September 13 – Henry Joseph Clarke, lawyer, politician and 3rd Premier of Manitoba (b.1833)
 * October 28 – Alexander Morris, politician, Minister and 2nd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (b.1826)

Full date unknown

 * Edwin Randolph Oakes, politician (b.1818)

Historical documents
Archbishop Taché cites education report from England to support Manitoba separate schools

Report on repatriating French Canadians living in New England

Table: Of 7 U.S. cities with more than 10,000 Canadian-born residents (including Newfoundlanders), 4 are in New England, mostly in 3 industrial towns

Table: In all 6 New England states, whites with both parents born in "Canada (French)" far outnumber those with parents born in "Canada (English)"

"A thrill of horror pulsed through the whole city last night" - Rockslide from cliff below Citadel destroys several Quebec City houses

Canada should be equal to Britain in Empire, and under "Queen of Canada"

John A. Macdonald on missed opportunity to create Kingdom of Canada with "gradation of classes"

Methodist minister's brief description of Stoneys concentrates on their problems

Nova Scotia orphanage holds housewarming

Ad for "Aphroditine[...]Sold on positive guarantee to cure any form of nervous disease, or any disorder of the generative organs"

title: 1889 in Canada


text:
1892 in Canada

Events from the year 1892 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Frederick Stanley
 * Prime Minister – John Abbott (until November 24) then John Thompson (from December 5)
 * Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick) (until 25 September) then Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario) (from 13 December)
 * Parliament – 7th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Hugh Nelson (until November 1) then Edgar Dewdney
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – John Christian Schultz
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Malachy Bowes Daly
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Alexander Campbell (until May 24) then George Airey Kirkpatrick (from May 30)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Jedediah Slason Carvell
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Auguste-Réal Angers (until December 5) then Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – John Robson (until June 29) then Theodore Davie (from July 2)
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew George Blair
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Stevens Fielding
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Frederick Peters
 * Premier of Quebec – Charles Boucher de Boucherville (until December 16)then Louis-Olivier Taillon

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – John Christian Schultz
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Joseph Royal

Premiers

 * Chairman of the Executive Committee of the North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain

Events

 * June 29 – John Robson, Premier of British Columbia, dies in office
 * July 2 – Theodore Davie becomes Premier of British Columbia
 * July 8 – The Great Fire of 1892 destroys two-thirds of St. John's, Newfoundland
 * July 9 – Parliament passes the Criminal Code, 1892, the first unified criminal law for all of Canada, under the direction of the Minister of Justice, John Thompson
 * November 24 – Sir John Abbott resigns as Prime Minister
 * December 5 – Sir John Thompson becomes Prime Minister
 * December 16 – Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon becomes premier of Quebec for the second time, replacing Sir Charles-Eugène de Boucherville

Full date unknown

 * The Toronto Star founded
 * Harbord Collegiate Institute was opened
 * Humberside Collegiate Institute opened
 * Worthington, Ontario, is incorporated as a mining community.
 * The first Canadian National Rugby-Football Championship game is played (Osgoode Hall defeats Montreal 45–5).

Sport

 * First documented women's ice hockey game takes place in Barrie, Ontario playing on an outdoor ice surface.

January to June

 * March 4 – J.-Eugène Bissonnette, politician and physician
 * April 8 – Mary Pickford, actress and studio co-founder (d.1979)
 * May 3 – Jacob Viner, economist (d.1970)
 * May 18 – John Croak, VC
 * June 2 – Edward LeRoy Bowerman, politician (d.1977)

July to December

 * July 8 – Sir Victor Tait, Canadian-born British airman and businessman (d.1988)
 * July 14 – John Sissons, barrister, author, judge and politician (d.1969)
 * August 2 – Jack L. Warner, studio mogul (d.1978)
 * August 18 – Hal Foster, cartoonist (d.1982)
 * September 21 – Donald Elmer Black, politician
 * September 24 – Adélard Godbout, politician and 15th Premier of Quebec (d.1956)
 * October 25 – Nell Shipman, actress, screenwriter, producer and animal trainer (d.1970)
 * December 27 – Alfred Edwin McKay, World War I flying ace (d. 1917 in Belgium)

Deaths

 * January 1 – John Chipman Wade, politician and lawyer (b.1817)
 * January 20 – Samuel Barton Burdett, politician, lawyer and lecturer (b.1843)
 * March 7 – Andrew Rainsford Wetmore, Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1820)
 * April 6 – John Ostell, architect, surveyor and manufacturer (b.1813)
 * April 17 – Alexander Mackenzie, building contractor, newspaper editor, politician and 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (b.1822)
 * May 24 – Alexander Campbell, politician, Senator and 6th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (b.1822)
 * June 9 – William Grant Stairs, explorer, soldier and adventurer (b.1863)
 * June 29 – John Robson, journalist, politician and Premier of British Columbia (b.1824)
 * July 15 – William Donahue, merchant and politician (b.1834)
 * August 30 – Frederick Newton Gisborne, Laid first under-sea cable in North America
 * September 12 – Marc-Amable Girard, politician, Senator and 2nd Premier of Manitoba (b.1822)
 * December 14 – Adams George Archibald, politician (b.1814)

Historical documents

 * Newspaper coverage of Great Fire of St. John's, Newfoundland

 * U.S. accuses Canadian Pacific Railway of helping Chinese illegally cross border from British Columbia

 * Running Wolf and Owl Child's performance of Moon Dance described

 * "Completely won the hearts of her audience" - Poet of Kanien'kéhà:ka origin, Pauline Johnson, gives first solo recital in Toronto

 * English visitor rides out from Lethbridge, Alberta to watch 2000-head cattle roundup

title: 1892 in Canada


text:
1893 in Canada

Events from the year 1893 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – Frederick Stanley (until September 18) then John Hamilton-Gordon
 * Prime Minister – John Thompson
 * Chief Justice – Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 7th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Edgar Dewdney
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – John Christian Schultz
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Samuel Leonard Tilley (until September 21) then John Boyd (September 21 to December 4) then John James Fraser (from December 20)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Malachy Bowes Daly
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – George Airey Kirkpatrick
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Jedediah Slason Carvell
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – Theodore Davie
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew George Blair
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Stevens Fielding
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Frederick Peters
 * Premier of Quebec – Louis-Olivier Taillon

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – John Christian Schultz
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Joseph Royal (until October 31) then Charles Herbert Mackintosh

Premiers

 * Chairman of the Executive Committee of the North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain

Events

 * May 27 – Algonquin Provincial Park is established as a wildlife sanctuary in Ontario
 * September 16 – Calgary incorporated as a city
 * October 27 – The National Council of Women of Canada meets for the first time
 * December 18 – Robert Machray is elected first Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada

Full date unknown

 * The Redpath Library is bestowed upon McGill University
 * Canada Evidence Act created
 * Jacques Cartier Monument (Montreal) unveiled

Sport

 * March 22 – The Montreal Hockey Club wins the First Stanley Cup by defeating the Ottawa Hockey Club 3 to 1 at Montreal's Victoria Rink

January to June

 * January 8 – Jean Désy, diplomat (d.1960)
 * February 7 – Joseph Algernon Pearce, astrophysicist (d.1988)
 * April 16 – Germaine Guèvremont, French-Canadian writer (d.1968)
 * May 5 – J. Dewey Soper, Arctic explorer, zoologist, ornithologist and author (d.1982)
 * May 7 – Frank J. Selke, ice hockey manager (d.1985)
 * May 28 – Donald MacLaren, World War I flying ace, businessman (d.1988)
 * June 5 – George Croil, first Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Canadian Air Force (d.1959)
 * June 16 – Ernest Lloyd Janney, Provisional Commander of the Canadian Aviation Corps (d.1941)
 * June 20 – Austin Claude Taylor, politician (d.1965)
 * June 23 – Merrill Denison, playwright (d.1975)

July to December

 * July 7 – James White, World War I flying ace (d.1972)
 * August 18 – Ernest MacMillan, conductor and composer (d.1973)
 * August 21 – Wilfred Curtis, Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Canadian Air Force (d.1977)
 * October 12 – George Hodgson, swimmer and double Olympic gold medallist (d.1983)
 * November 12 – Roy Kellock, jurist and Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (d.1975)
 * November 22 – Raymond Collishaw, World War I flying ace (d.1976)
 * December 8 – J. Arthur Ross, politician (d.1958)
 * December 23 – John Patrick Barry, politician and lawyer (d.1946)
 * December 23 – Roy Brown, World War I flying ace (d.1944)

Full date unknown

 * Parr, artist (d.1969)

January to June

 * January 26 – James Armstrong, politician (b.1830)
 * February 18 – George-Édouard Desbarats, printer and inventor (b.1838)
 * March 18 – David H. Armstrong, United States Senator from Missouri from 1877 till 1879. (b.1812)
 * March 30 – Jane Mackenzie, second wife of Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (b.1825)
 * April 2 – Eden Colvile, Governor of Rupert's Land (b.1819)

July to December

 * July 22 – John Rae, doctor and explorer (b.1813)
 * September 19 – Alexander Tilloch Galt, politician and a Father of Confederation (b.1817)
 * October 30 – John Abbott, politician and 3rd Prime Minister of Canada (b.1821)
 * November 9 – Henri Bernier, politician, businessman and manufacturer (b.1821)
 * December 9 – Charles Sangster, poet (b.1822)

Historical documents
Indian agent reports on Moose Woods Reserve and day school, Assiniboia, N.W.T.

Ethnologist takes part in Dogrib caribou hunt near Great Slave Lake

Unmarried women petition Minister of Interior for land grants

Summer visit to Cap-à-l'Aigle, Murray Bay, Quebec

Mackenzie King joins in on Halloween mischief at University of Toronto

title: 1893 in Canada


text:
1896 in Canada

Events from the year 1896 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – John Hamilton-Gordon
 * Prime Minister – Mackenzie Bowell (until April 27) then Charles Tupper (May 1 to July 8) then Wilfrid Laurier (from July 11)
 * Chief Justice – Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 7th (until 24 April) then 8th (from 19 August)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Edgar Dewdney
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – John James Fraser (until November 24) then Jabez Bunting Snowball (from December 9)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Malachy Bowes Daly
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – George Airey Kirkpatrick (until November 7) then Casimir Gzowski
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George William Howlan
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – John Herbert Turner
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew George Blair (until July 17) then James Mitchell
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – William Stevens Fielding (until July 18) then George Henry Murray (from July 20)
 * Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat (until July 25) then Arthur Sturgis Hardy
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Frederick Peters
 * Premier of Quebec – Louis-Olivier Taillon (until May 11) then Edmund James Flynn

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Charles Herbert Mackintosh

Premiers

 * Chairman of the Executive Committee of the North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain

Events

 * April 27 – Sir Mackenzie Bowell resigns as Prime Minister due to cabinet infighting. He is replaced by Sir Charles Tupper.
 * May 1 – Sir Charles Tupper becomes prime minister, replacing Sir Mackenzie Bowell.
 * May 11 – Edmund Flynn becomes Premier of Quebec, replacing Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon.
 * May 26 – A bridge collapse in Victoria, British Columbia kills 55 people.
 * June 23 – Federal election: Wilfrid Laurier's Liberals win a majority, defeating Sir Charles Tupper's Conservatives. One of the key issues in the campaign has been the Manitoba Schools Question.
 * July 11 – Wilfrid Laurier becomes prime minister, replacing Sir Charles Tupper.
 * July 20 – George Henry Murray becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing William Fielding.
 * July 25 – Arthur S. Hardy becomes premier of Ontario, replacing Sir Oliver Mowat.
 * July – James Mitchell becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Andrew Blair.
 * August 17 – Gold is discovered in the Yukon, prompting the Klondike gold rush.

Full date unknown

 * A plan to populate the western prairies with immigration from eastern Europe is unveiled.
 * The first Canadian blast furnace opens in Hamilton, Ontario.

Sport

 * February 14 – Winnipeg Victorias win their first Stanley Cup by defeating Montreal Victorias 2 goals to 0 at Montreal's Victoria Skating Rink

January to June

 * March 8 – Charlotte Whitton, feminist, politician and mayor of Ottawa (d.1975)
 * March 16 – Harry Banks, soldier
 * March 21 – Errick Willis, politician (d.1967)
 * April 11 – Léo-Paul Desrosiers, journalist, writer (d.1967)
 * April 20 – Wilfrid R. "Wop" May, World War I flying ace and pioneering bush pilot (d.1952)
 * May 2 – Elmore Philpott, journalist and politician (d.1964)
 * May 18 – Brock Chisholm, doctor and first Director-General of the World Health Organization (d.1971)
 * June 22 – Leonard W. Murray, naval officer (d.1971)

July to December

 * July 2 – Prudence Heward, painter (d.1947)
 * July 4 – Frederick Cronyn Betts, politician (d.1938)
 * July 10 – Thérèse Casgrain, feminist, reformer, politician and Senator (d.1981)
 * July 13 – John Henry Cates, businessman and political figure (d.1986)
 * July 27 – Anne Savage, painter and art teacher (d.1971)
 * August 12 – Mitchell Hepburn, politician and 11th Premier of Ontario (d.1953)
 * August 18 – Jack Pickford, actor (d.1933)
 * August 30 – Raymond Massey, actor (d.1983)
 * August 31 – Alice Strike, Canada's last surviving female World War I veteran (d.2004)
 * November 3 – Madeleine Fritz, paleontologist (d.1990)
 * November 7 – Henry Botterell, World War I fighter pilot (d.2003)

Full date unknown

 * Jean Baptiste Paul, Canadian First Nations wrestler (d. 1966)

Deaths

 * January 14 – Christopher William Bunting, politician, merchant, newspaper owner and newspaper publisher (b.1837)
 * February 20 – Hart Massey, businessman and philanthropist (b.1823)
 * April 13 – John Christian Schultz, politician and Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba (b.1840)
 * May 4 – Timothy Anglin, politician and Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada (b.1822)
 * June 7 – Wyatt Eaton, painter (b.1849)
 * June 10 – Donald Alexander Macdonald, politician (b.1817)
 * June 19 – John Beverley Robinson, politician (b.1821)
 * June 25 – Samuel Leonard Tilley, Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1818)
 * November 24 – John James Fraser, lawyer, judge, politician and 4th Premier of New Brunswick (b.1829)
 * Anne Hill, dancer and actor (b. 1804)

Historical documents

 * Summary of Canada's imperial history and description of Governor General's Historical Ball

 * Joshua Slocum sails Cape Horn solo on his globe-circling voyage

 * Visitor describes constant boat traffic on the Muskoka Lakes, Ontario

title: 1896 in Canada


text:
1897 in Canada

Events from the year 1897 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – John Hamilton-Gordon
 * Prime Minister – Wilfrid Laurier
 * Chief Justice – Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 8th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Edgar Dewdney (until November 18) then Thomas Robert McInnes
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Jabez Bunting Snowball
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Malachy Bowes Daly
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Casimir Gzowski (acting) (until November 18) then Oliver Mowat
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George William Howlan
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – John Herbert Turner
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – James Mitchell (until October 29) then Henry Emmerson
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – George Henry Murray
 * Premier of Ontario – Arthur Sturgis Hardy
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Frederick Peters (until October 1) then Alexander Warburton
 * Premier of Quebec – Edmund James Flynn (until May 24) then Félix-Gabriel Marchand

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – James Morrow Walsh (from August 17)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Charles Herbert Mackintosh

Premiers

 * Chairman of the executive committee of the North-West Territories then Premier of North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain (from October 7)

Events

 * January 29 – The Victorian Order of Nurses is founded in Ottawa.
 * February 2 – Clara Brett Martin becomes the first woman to practise law in Ontario.
 * February 19 – World's first Women's Institute founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario.
 * May 24 – Félix-Gabriel Marchand becomes premier of Quebec, replacing Edmund Flynn.
 * May 24 – Lion of Belfort (Montreal) unveiled.
 * June 20 – Diamond Jubilee of Victoria's accession as Queen.
 * September 6 – The federal government gives the CPR a grant to allow it to reduce freight rates through Crowsnest Pass.
 * October – A.B. Warburton becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island.
 * October 7 – Responsible government is introduced in the North-West Territories: Frederick Haultain becomes the first premier.
 * October 29 – Henry Emmerson becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing James Mitchell.

Full date unknown

 * Klondike Gold Rush rages in the Yukon.
 * Lord Grey proposes that Canada create a navy to protect its west coast; Prime Minister Laurier does not act on the recommendation.
 * 1897–1912 – 961,000 people enter Canada from the British Isles, 594,000 from Europe and 784,000 from the United States..
 * The first Canadian movie, Ten Years in Manitoba.

Births

 * January 23 – William Stephenson, soldier, airman, businessperson, inventor and spymaster (d.1989)
 * January 27 – Charles Stephen Booth, politician and barrister (d.1988)
 * March 9 – Sidney Earle Smith, academic and seventh President of the University of Toronto (d.1959)
 * April 23 – Lester B. Pearson, politician, 14th Prime Minister of Canada, diplomat and 1957 Nobel Peace Prize recipient (d.1972)
 * June 29 – Fulgence Charpentier, French Canadian journalist, editor and publisher (d. 2001)
 * September 23 – Walter Pidgeon, actor (d.1984)
 * September 29 – Graham Towers, first Governor of the Bank of Canada (d.1975)
 * November 30 – William Murdoch Buchanan, politician (d.1966)
 * December 7 – Gordon Graydon, politician (d.1953)

Deaths

 * January 2 – Thomas McGreevy, politician and contractor (b.1825)
 * February 27 – James Austin, businessman (b.1813)
 * July 4 – Amor De Cosmos, journalist, politician and 2nd Premier of British Columbia (b.1825)
 * September 19 – Frederick Cope, 3rd Mayor of Vancouver (b.1860)
 * October 21 – Philip Francis Little, 1st Premier of Newfoundland of the colonial (b.1824)
 * December 14 – Robert Simpson, businessman and founder of Simpsons (b.1834)
 * December 15 – James Mitchell, politician and 7th Premier of New Brunswick (b.1843)
 * December 31 – David Oppenheimer, entrepreneur and 2nd Mayor of Vancouver (b.1832)

Historical documents
Cree leader Almighty Voice pursued and killed by North-West Mounted Police in Saskatchewan

Annual report of Indian agent for Kootenay Agency in British Columbia

Anglican missionary conducts church services on his dogsled trip around northwest Alberta

Kipling's poem "Our Lady of the Snows" acknowledges Canada's solidarity but independence in its relations with Britain (Note: "white man" used)

Editorial praises founding of Victorian Order of Nurses

Illustration of fully outfitted Klondike Gold Rush adventurer, with price of each garment and do/don't lists

Lack of food and other boomtown problems discourage some Dawson City residents

British railway labourers in western Canada treated as slaves before escaping

"A love affair this summer" - Diary writer records declaration of love from another woman visiting Camp Viamede, Stony Lake, Ontario

Newspaper map of bicycling routes in and around Victoria, B.C. includes hotels and hills

Cycling map of Montreal distinguishes roads and "good roads"

Photo: Metropolitan Bicycle Club

title: 1897 in Canada


text:
1898 in Canada

Events from the year 1898 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – John Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen (until November 12) then Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
 * Prime Minister – Wilfrid Laurier
 * Chief Justice – Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 8th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Thomas Robert McInnes
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Jabez Bunting Snowball
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Malachy Bowes Daly
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George William Howlan
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau (until January 20) then Louis-Amable Jetté

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – John Herbert Turner (until August 15) then Charles Augustus Semlin
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Henry Emmerson
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – George Henry Murray
 * Premier of Ontario – Arthur Sturgis Hardy
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Alexander Warburton (until August 1) then Donald Farquharson
 * Premier of Quebec – Félix-Gabriel Marchand

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – James Morrow Walsh (until July 5) then William Ogilvie

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Charles Herbert Mackintosh (until May 30) then Malcolm Colin Cameron (May 30 to September 26) then Amédée E. Forget (from October 4)

Premiers

 * Premier of North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain

Events

 * March 1 – 1898 Ontario election: A. S. Hardy's Liberals win a majority.
 * June 13 – Yukon becomes a distinct territory from the North-West Territories.
 * July 29 – White Pass and Yukon Route opens (Skagway–Whitehorse).
 * August – Donald Farquharson becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing A. B. Warburton.
 * August 8 – John Herbert Turner is dismissed as premier of British Columbia.
 * August 15 – Charles Semlin becomes premier of British Columbia.
 * September 11 – New Westminster, British Columbia destroyed by fire.
 * September 29 – The Canadian referendum on the prohibition of alcohol.
 * November 4 – The fourth election of the North-West Legislative Assembly.

Full date unknown

 * The Parliament of Canada passes the Quebec Boundary Extension Act, expanding the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal Cree.
 * Kit Coleman covers the Spanish–American War as Canada's first female war correspondent.

Births

 * May 17 – A. J. Casson, Canadian painter (d. 1992)
 * May 20 – Paul Gouin, politician (d.1976)
 * May 27 – William Arthur Irwin, journalist
 * July 7 – Hugh Llewellyn Keenleyside, diplomat, civil servant and 5th Commissioner of the Northwest Territories (d.1992)
 * July 15 – Howard Graham, army officer (d. 1986)
 * July 17 – Osmond Borradaile, cameraman, cinematographer and veteran of First and Second World War (d.1999)
 * August 23 – Brooke Claxton, politician and Minister (d.1960)
 * August 27
 * Gaspard Fauteux, politician, Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada and Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec (d.1963)
 * John Hamilton, bank robber (d. 1934)
 * August 30 – Gleason Belzile, politician (d.1950)
 * November 9 – Emmett Matthew Hall, jurist, civil libertarian and Supreme Court justice (d.1995)
 * December 1 – Stuart Garson, politician, Minister and 12th Premier of Manitoba (d.1977)
 * December 15 – George Lawrence Price, last Commonwealth casualty of World War I (d.1918)

Full date unknown

 * Maurice Spector, Chairman of the Communist Party of Canada (d.1968)

Deaths

 * January 1 – John Arthur Fraser, artist (b.1838)
 * February 15 – Wilfrid Prévost, lawyer and politician (b.1832)
 * March 7 – Theodore Davie, lawyer, politician and 9th Premier of British Columbia (b.1852)
 * May 1 – Nazaire-Nicolas Olivier, lawyer and politician (b. c1860)
 * May 13 – François Bourassa, farmer and politician (b.1813)
 * April 12 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Archbishop of Quebec (b.1820)
 * June 13 – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, lawyer, politician and 5th Premier of Quebec (b.1840)
 * July 14 – Louis-François Richer Laflèche, diocese of Trois-Rivières (b.1818)
 * August 24 – Casimir Gzowski, engineer (b.1813)

Historical documents
Federal plebiscite on prohibition finds apathetic electorate (compared to general election turnout) delivers small majority in favour

Touring U.S. farmers find paradise of meadows, prairies and woodlands in Saskatchewan

Questionable building standards lead to fatal collapse of city hall floor in London, Ontario

title: 1898 in Canada


text:
1899 in Canada

Events from the year 1899 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria

Federal government

 * Governor General – The 4th Earl of Minto
 * Prime Minister – Wilfrid Laurier
 * Chief Justice – Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 8th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Thomas Robert McInnes
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Jabez Bunting Snowball
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Malachy Bowes Daly
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George W. Howlan (until May 23) then Peter Adolphus McIntyre
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Louis-Amable Jetté

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – Charles Augustus Semlin
 * Premier of Manitoba – Thomas Greenway
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Henry Emmerson
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – George Henry Murray
 * Premier of Ontario – Arthur Sturgis Hardy (until October 21) then George William Ross
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Donald Farquharson
 * Premier of Quebec – Félix-Gabriel Marchand

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – William Ogilvie

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – James Colebrooke Patterson
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Amédée E. Forget

Premiers

 * Premier of North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain

Events

 * January 20 – About 2000 Doukhobors arrive in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 7400 by year end.
 * June 21 – Treaty No. 8 cedes much of northern Alberta to the Crown.
 * July 5 – Brandon, Manitoba housemaid Hilda Blake shoots her mistress twice; the first shot misses, but the second bullet pierces the mistress's right lung. Blake was later hanged for murder.
 * September 18 – The new City Hall building opens in Toronto.
 * September 19 – A rock slide in Quebec City kills 45.
 * October 4 – First Canadian troops sent to an overseas war (Boer War).
 * October 18 – Henri Bourassa resigns from cabinet to protest Canada's intervention in the Boer War.
 * October 21 – George William Ross becomes premier of Ontario, replacing Arthur S. Hardy.
 * October 30 – Second Boer War: The first Canadian troops arrive in the Cape Colony.

January to June

 * January 5 – Hugh John Flemming, politician and 24th Premier of New Brunswick (d.1982)
 * January 6 – Sonia Eckhardt-Gramatté, composer
 * February 27 – Charles Best, medical scientist, co-discoverer of insulin (d.1978)
 * March 14 – K. C. Irving, entrepreneur and industrialist (d.1992)
 * May 26 – Antonio Barrette, politician and 18th Premier of Quebec (d.1968)
 * May 27 – Dov Yosef, Canadian-born Israeli politician and statesman (d.1980)

July to December

 * July 24 – Dan George, actor and author (d.1981)
 * August 1 – F. R. Scott, poet, intellectual and constitutional expert (d.1985)
 * October 2 – Juda Hirsch Quastel, biochemist (d.1987)
 * October 3 – Adrien Arcand, journalist and fascist (d.1967)
 * November 5 – Gilbert Layton, businessman and politician (d.1961)
 * November 10 – Billy Boucher, ice hockey player (d.1958)
 * November 17 – Douglas Shearer, sound designer and recording director (d.1971)
 * November 30 – Edna Diefenbaker, first wife of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker (d.1951)
 * December 24 – William Van Steenburgh, scientist

Deaths

 * February 10 – Archibald Lampman, poet (b.1861)
 * April 29 – George Frederick Baird, politician and lawyer (b.1851)
 * July 31 – James David Edgar, politician (b.1841)
 * August 29 – Catharine Parr Traill, writer (b.1802)
 * October 25
 * Grant Allen, science writer, author and novelist (b.1848)
 * Peter Mitchell, politician, Minister and a Father of Confederation (b.1824)
 * November 19 – John William Dawson, geologist and university administrator (b.1820)
 * December 13
 * George Airey Kirkpatrick, politician (b.1841)
 * Lucius Richard O'Brien, painter (b.1832)

Historical documents
Missionary persuades Cree leader Yellow Bear to burn his "heathen idols" at Shoal Lake in Saskatchewan (Note: "bad spirit" and other stereotypes)

Southern Tutchone man describes transfer of reindeer to Yukon from Alaska

Official describes Indigenous and Metis people at Treaty 8 signing (Note: "wild men" and other stereotypes)

Old woman in Fort Erie, Ontario tells of escaping slavery in Virginia with her parents and six siblings

Mackenzie King realizes his parliamentary vocation at Westminster in London

Oozing tar and leaking gas on Athabasca River near Fort McMurray

Article on gold strike in northern Ontario

Nurse treats feisty patients under horrible conditions in Dawson City's hospital

Murals provided to new Toronto City Hall to encourage development of wall decoration

Edison film of Whitehorse Rapids, Yukon River

title: 1899 in Canada


text:
1901 in Canada

Events from the year 1901 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Victoria (until January 22) then Edward VII

Federal government

 * Governor General – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
 * Prime Minister – Wilfrid Laurier
 * Chief Justice – Samuel Henry Strong (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 9th (from 6 February)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Daniel Hunter McMillan
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Jabez Bunting Snowball
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Alfred Gilpin Jones
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Peter Adolphus McIntyre
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Louis-Amable Jetté

Premiers

 * Premier of British Columbia – Edward Gawler Prior
 * Premier of Manitoba – Rodmond Roblin
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Lemuel John Tweedie
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – George Henry Murray
 * Premier of Ontario – George William Ross
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Donald Farquharson (until December 29) then Arthur Peters
 * Premier of Quebec – Simon-Napoléon Parent

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – William Ogilvie (until March 11) then James Hamilton Ross

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – Daniel Hunter McMillan
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Amédée E. Forget

Premiers

 * Premier of North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain

Events

 * January 22 – Death of Queen Victoria and ascension of King Edward VII.
 * March 9 — Japanese Canadians win the vote in British Columbia.
 * September 16 – The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary) arrive in Quebec City. They visit all provinces (except Prince Edward Island) and the districts of Assiniboia and Alberta in the North-West Territories. They also visit Newfoundland before leaving North America.
 * December 12 — Guglielmo Marconi receives a transatlantic radio message at St. John's, Newfoundland.
 * December 18 — The Territorial Grain Growers' Association is founded.
 * December 29 — Arthur Peters becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Donald Farquharson.
 * First ascent of Mount Assiniboine by James Outram's party.
 * The 1901 Canadian census took place, having a large focus on the labour force, income, and wage class.

January to June

 * January 12 — Jack Humphrey, painter (d.1967)
 * January 14 — Dana Porter, politician and jurist (d.1967)
 * January 29 — E. P. Taylor, business tycoon and race horse breeder (d.1989)
 * March 4 — Wilbur R. Franks, scientist and inventor (d.1986)
 * March 25 — Wilfrid Eggleston, journalist and chief censor for Canada from 1942 until 1944 (d.1985)
 * April 15 — Thomas Ricketts, soldier and Victoria Cross recipient in 1918 (d.1967)
 * May 5 — Donald Buchanan Blue, politician

July to December

 * July 15 — James Litterick, politician
 * September 8 — Harold Connolly, journalist, newspaper editor, politician and Premier of Nova Scotia (d.1980)
 * September 12 — Ben Blue, Canadian-born comedian, actor (d. 1975)
 * September 14 — George Carlyle Marler, politician, notary and philatelist (d.1981)
 * September 15 — Gweneth Lloyd, choreographer
 * September 22 — Charles Brenton Huggins, physician, physiologist, cancer researcher and Nobel prize laureate (d.1997)
 * October 14 — John Oates Bower, politician, businessman and executive (d.1981)

Full date unknown

 * Maryon Pearson, wife of Lester B. Pearson, 14th Prime Minister of Canada (d.1989)

Deaths

 * January 22 — Victoria, Queen of Canada, since 1867 (b.1819)
 * March 2 — George Mercer Dawson, scientist and surveyor (b.1849)
 * May 4 — John Jones Ross, politician and Premier of Quebec (b.1831)
 * May 7 — George Edwin King, jurist, politician and 2nd Premier of New Brunswick (b.1839)
 * June 13 — Arthur Sturgis Hardy, lawyer, politician and 4th Premier of Ontario (b.1837)
 * July 24 — George William Allan, politician and 11th Mayor of Toronto (b.1822)
 * October 25 — Colin MacDougall, politician and lawyer (b.1834)

Historical Documents
N.W.T. premier says territories are ready for and financially need provincial powers

Influential Liberal MP Frank Oliver objects to immigration of Slavs

Matron and helper at Indian residential school so overworked that spiritual training and teaching children "how to work" is ignored

Manufacturing process described in huge chair factory in Owen Sound, Ontario

Mining and miners in Nanaimo, BC's booming coal industry

Trail, B.C. and its gold, silver and copper smelting operations described

Architect gives examples of good design to counter people's ill-informed criticism

Visitor laments various classes of loafer in British Columbia (Note: racial stereotypes)

Humorous character study of people in dining and smoking cars on train crossing Prairies

Chicken Okra à la Portugaise and other items on Chateau Frontenac menu

title: 1901 in Canada


text:
1905 in Canada

Events from the year 1905 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Edward VII

Federal government

 * Governor General – Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey
 * Prime Minister – Wilfrid Laurier
 * Chief Justice – Henri Elzéar Taschereau (Quebec)
 * Parliament – 10th (from 11 January)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – George Hedley Vicars Bulyea (from September 1)
 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Daniel Hunter McMillan
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Jabez Bunting Snowball
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Alfred Gilpin Jones
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – William Mortimer Clark
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Donald Alexander MacKinnon
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Louis-Amable Jetté
 * Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Amédée Forget (from September 1)

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta – Alexander Cameron Rutherford (from September 2)
 * Premier of British Columbia – Richard McBride
 * Premier of Manitoba – Rodmond Roblin
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Lemuel John Tweedie
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – George Henry Murray
 * Premier of Ontario – George William Ross (until February 8) then James Whitney
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Arthur Peters
 * Premier of Quebec – Simon-Napoléon Parent (until March 24) then Lomer Gouin
 * Premier of Saskatchewan – Thomas Walter Scott (from September 5)

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – Zachary Taylor Wood (acting) (until May 27) then William Wallace Burns McInnes
 * Commissioner of Northwest Territories – Frederick D. White (from August 24)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Keewatin – Daniel Hunter McMillan (until September 1)
 * Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories – Amédée E. Forget (until September 1)

Premiers

 * Premier of North-West Territories – Frederick Haultain (until September 1)

Events

 * January 25 – 1905 Ontario election: Sir James Whitney's Conservatives win a majority, defeating G. W. Ross's Liberals
 * February 8 – Sir James Whitney becomes premier of Ontario, replacing George Ross
 * February 27 – Clifford Sifton resigns from cabinet
 * March 23 – Lomer Gouin becomes premier of Quebec, replacing Simon-Napoléon Parent
 * July 20 – The Saskatchewan Act and the Alberta Act receive royal assent
 * August 26 – Roald Amundsen begins the first to travel through the Northwest Passage
 * September 1 – Saskatchewan and Alberta are established as provinces
 * September 2 – Alexander Rutherford becomes the first premier of Alberta
 * September 5 – Walter Scott becomes the first premier of Saskatchewan
 * November 9 – 1905 Alberta general election: Alexander Rutherford's Liberals win a majority in the first Alberta election
 * November 24 – The Canadian Northern Railway is completed to Edmonton
 * December 13 – 1905 Saskatchewan election: Walter Scott's Liberals win a majority in the first Saskatchewan election

January to June

 * January 21 – George Laurence, nuclear physicist (d.1987)
 * January 28 – Ellen Fairclough, politician and first female member of the Canadian Cabinet (d.2004)
 * February 8 – Louis-Philippe Pigeon, judge of the Supreme Court of Canada (d.1986)
 * March 27 – Elsie MacGill, the world's first female aircraft designer (d.1980)
 * April 30 – John Peters Humphrey, legal scholar, jurist and human rights advocate (d.1995)
 * May 1 – Paul Desruisseaux, lawyer and politician (d. 1982)
 * May 23 – Donald Fleming, politician, International Monetary Fund official and lawyer (d.1986)
 * June 8 – Ralph Steinhauer, native leader, first Aboriginal to become the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta (d.1987)
 * June 23 – Jack Pickersgill, civil servant and politician (d.1997)

July to December

 * July 25 – Grace MacInnis, politician and feminist (d.1991)
 * August 1 – Helen Hogg-Priestley, astronomer (d.1993)
 * August 31 – William Anderson, politician and businessman (d.1961)
 * August 15 – E.K. Brown, literary critic
 * September 21 – Loran Ellis Baker, politician (d.1991)
 * November 1 – Paul-Émile Borduas, painter (d.1960)
 * December 1 – Alex Wilson, track and field athlete and Olympic silver medallist (d.1994)
 * December 24 – Milt Dunnell, sportswriter (d.2008)

Full date unknown

 * Nat Taylor, inventor of the cineplex (d.2004)

Deaths

 * April 23 – Gédéon Ouimet, politician and 2nd Premier of Quebec (b.1823)
 * May 23 – Fletcher Bath Wade, politician and barrister (b.1852)
 * May 29 – William McDougall, lawyer, politician and a Father of Confederation (b.1822)
 * August 1 – John Brown, politician, miller, mining consultant and prospector (b.1841)
 * August 7 – Alexander Melville Bell, educator (b.1819)
 * September 8 – David Howard Harrison, farmer, physician, politician and 6th Premier of Manitoba (b.1843)
 * October 29 – Étienne Desmarteau, athlete and Olympic gold medallist (b.1873)

Historical documents
Creation of provinces Saskatchewan and Alberta: details and Prime Minister Laurier's announcement

Call for Calgary to become Alberta capital

House of Commons committee chair has idea for local telephone services housed in post offices and provided and taxed by municipalities

Socialist Party brochure for Ontario election, with party platform

Mounties report to Ottawa on dance halls and prostitution in Dawson City, Yukon

McGill University principal addresses Canadian Club on role of university in commerce

Description of Peterborough Lift Lock on Trent Canal in Ontario

title: 1905 in Canada