text:
Salad bowl (disambiguation)

A salad bowl is a serving dish for salad. It can also refer to:
 * Salad bowl (cultural idea), a cultural idea referring to the United States
 * Salad Bowl (game), a defunct, annual, post-season college football bowl game
 * Salad Bowl strike, a series of strikes, mass pickets, boycotts and secondary boycotts in 1970, led by César Chávez and United Farm Workers, that led to the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history
 * The Salinas Valley in California, often referred to as the world's salad bowl because of the volume of produce exported from the region
 * A bowl of salad
 * Colloquial term for the Meisterschale, the trophy awarded to the German champions in association football

title: Salad bowl (disambiguation)


text:
Jackie Martling

John Coger "Jackie" Martling Jr. (born February 14, 1948) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, radio personality, author, actor, and musician also known as Jackie the Joke Man. He is best known as a former writer and in-studio comedian for The Howard Stern Show from 1983 to 2001.

Born and raised on Long Island, New York, Martling began a career in stand-up comedy in 1979, developing a blue comedy act in local venues. He self-produced his first of three comedy albums, What Did You Expect? (1979), during this time. After becoming involved with Rick Dees's radio show as a regular joke feature, Martling sent his albums to New York City radio personality Howard Stern, who invited him as a weekly guest and writer in 1983. This led to his hiring as head writer from 1986 to 2001. He released further albums during his tenure, including Sgt. Pecker (1996), Joke Man (1996), Hot Dogs + Donuts (1998).

Since his departure from The Howard Stern Show, Martling has undertaken various projects, including acting roles in television and film, and continues to perform stand-up. From 2006 to 2014, he was the host of Jackie's Joke Hunt on Sirius XM Satellite Radio, on Howard Stern's channel. He released his first music album, Happy Endings (2008). Martling has written two books, Disgustingly Dirty Joke Book (1998) and The Joke Man: Bow to Stern (2017).

Early life
Martling was born on February 14, 1948, in Mineola, New York, a village on Long Island. The eldest of four children, he is of English, French, and Dutch ancestry. Martling took up music at seventh grade and spent time as a gymnast in his youth. He attended James H. Vernon School in East Norwich, New York, followed by Oyster Bay High School and, in 1971, earned a mechanical engineering degree from Michigan State University. After graduating, he stayed in East Lansing, Michigan, for a further two years. During his time in college, Martling was the singer and guitarist in a band. He quit the group and spent six months in Denver, Colorado, working in construction.

Early career
After returning to New York, Martling became the singer and guitarist in The Off-Hour Rockers with guitarist Chris Bates and keyboardist Herbie Werner, with whom incorporated jokes, banjos, and the kazoo in their sets. He also performed solo shows and told jokes during his act. In order to accommodate the band's gear, Martling drove a used hearse. Martling took stand-up comedy more seriously when, in 1976, he attended an open-mic night at Catch a Rising Star comedy club in New York City. "The auditioner bailed out early and the MC wasn't in the room, so I jumped on stage and told a joke, one that I was sure the entire world knew. The MC, David Sayh, came back in the room and saw me up there but let me finish". Sayh encouraged Martling to continue performing as a joke teller, and soon found out that "few people knew any of the zillions of jokes I knew".

By 1979, Bates and Werner disbanded the Off Hour Rockers to start a new group. At that point, Martling started to pursue stand-up comedy full-time, developing his stage act of songs and dirty jokes. During a gig at My Father's Place in Roslyn, New York, Martling met the likes of comedians Eddie Murphy, Rob Bartlett, and Bob Nelson who would perform for several minutes at Martling's gigs. In 1979, he set up a "dial-a-joke" telephone line from his parents' attic, Jackie's "Use Your Finger! (516) 922-WINE", which remains in operation to this day. Also in 1979, Martling released his first comedy album, What Did You Expect?! (1979), which he recorded himself using his own recording equipment. This was followed by Goin' Ape! (1980). Martling made a breakthrough in 1981 when Dave Lipson, writer and producer of Rick Dees's morning radio show on KIIS in Los Angeles, discovered his joke line and played his daily joke updates on Dees's program. The exposure led Martling to star in a designated joke segment for Dees, who went on to give Martling his nickname, "The Joke Man". Also in 1981, Martling released his third album, Normal People Are People You Don't Know That Well (1981).

The Howard Stern Show
Martling first heard of radio personality Howard Stern in August 1982 when the owner of Washington, D.C.'s Garvin's comedy club, where Stern had occasionally broadcast from during his time at WWDC (DC-101), suggested to Martling that he send his comedy albums to the recently fired radio DJ who had since landed at WNBC in New York City. By early 1983, Martling had mailed his three comedy albums to Howard Stern, then less than a year into his stint in afternoons at WNBC. Stern took a liking to Martling's material and invited him on as a guest in February 1983, which soon turned into a weekly guest spot without pay. Stern then began a regular segment titled "Stump The Comedian", a contest where callers were challenged to start a joke that Martling had to provide the punchline to, otherwise they win prizes.

In 1985, following the show's cancellation from WNBC, Stern stayed in New York City and relocated to afternoons on WXRK. Martling was subsequently hired as a writer on The Howard Stern Show when it moved to the mornings slot in February 1986, initially for two days a week. After around two months, Martling was hired full-time and became known as the head writer who would take lines written by himself and sound effects and producer Fred Norris and "determine what goes in front of Howard". Along with Norris, Martling contributed material to radio bits and song parodies and is featured and credited on Stern's television shows, home videos, and albums. In 1994, a puppet that resembled Martling, known on the show as the "Jackie puppet" and voiced by show impressionist Billy West, began to feature on the newly-launched Howard Stern television program on the E! channel.

Martling would release further albums during his time on the show, including Sgt. Pecker (1996), Joke Man (1996), Hot Dogs + Donuts (1998), and F Jackie (2000).

From late 1997 to early 1998, Martling was absent on the show for six weeks while his contract with WXRK owner Infinity Broadcasting Corporation was being renegotiated. During this time, he refused to be filmed on the E! television show until he had also secured a contract from the channel. Martling had taken time off to negotiate his contract "three or four times" throughout his time on the show.

In February 2001, Martling made history when he became the first comedian to perform at the B.B. King Blues Club in New York City.

On March 5, 2001, Stern announced Martling's departure from the show after negotiations fell through once more. Martling, who was earning $578,000 at the time, asked for a salary that averaged $1 million per year over the next five years. He declined the station's final offer of $650,000 on the advice of his lawyer. Martling twice attempted to accept the offer once the deadline to accept had passed, and he was declined. He has since added other reasons to his departure, including his inability to sleep and perform effectively for the show, having to announce his failing marriage on the air, and the inability to address his alcohol abuse had he continued. In August 2001, a newspaper reported his wish to return, but Stern declined, partly due to the Win Jackie's Money contest he had already started, which involved comedians auditioning for Martling's place in the studio by sitting in on some shows. In October 2001, comedian and actor Artie Lange replaced Martling for a tenure that lasted until December 2009.

Following his departure, Martling returned as a guest during the show's final week on terrestrial radio prior to its relocation to Sirius Satellite Radio, on December 15, 2005. He returned to the show on Sirius on March 13, 2007, and has since returned in the studio and by phone. A two-day special on Martling's time on the show titled Stern Spotlight: Jackie Martling aired in May 2007.

Later career
Since 1993, he has released six 78-minute dirty joke CDs, three videos, a DVD (A Safe Distance from Genius), five joke books including 1998's best-selling Simon & Schuster title, Jackie "The Joke Man" Martling's Disgustingly Dirty Joke Book, and the iPhone app The Jackie Button. He also co-created a line of electronic joke products with EB-Excalibur, and their MiniJokeMaster Jr. keychain is sold through various retailers.

Martling has appeared in many films during his career, including the comedy documentary The Aristocrats (2005), Mail Order Bride (2008), Venus & Vegas (2010), and White Irish Drinkers (2010). He appeared in the short film Jokebitch (2005). Martling received a Best Supporting Actor Award at the New York International Independent Film & Video Festival. He appeared on the TNT television show Leverage and in August 2007, Martling filmed the pilot episode for the sitcom The Pikers.

On October 3, 2006, Martling returned to radio as the host of a weekly, one hour comedy show, Jackie's Joke Hunt, on Stern's channel Howard 101 on Sirius. Martling's co-host was a fellow member of the Friar's Club, Ian "McKean" Karr. The final episode, "The Last Lick Hunt", aired on November 25, 2014, after 402 shows. Martling can also be heard on the Sirius comedy channel Raw Dog Comedy.

Martling released his first music album, Happy Endings, in 2007, co-produced by guitarist Frank Vignola. From October 27 to November 4, 2008, Martling and American Idol runner-up Bo Bice entertained American troops in Kuwait and Iraq. In 2010, Martling wrote and performed a one-man show for a run in New York City titled JokeLand on Broadway. In 2012, he appeared in Fred Carpenter's Send No Flowers, the short film My Cross to Bear, and voiced two puppets in the human/puppet film The Fuzz.

Martling's second book (an autobiography), The Joke Man: Bow to Stern, was released on October 24, 2017. Lange, who replaced Martling on The Howard Stern Show from 2001 to 2009, wrote the book's foreword.

Martling posts a joke on his Twitter account every day at 4:20 p.m.

Personal life
From 1988 to 2008, Jackie Martling was married to Nancy Sirianni. Their personal life as well as her appearances and call-ins to The Howard Stern Show contributed greatly to their popularity and put Jackie and Nancy in a spotlight they had not previously enjoyed. Nancy Sirianni's musical endeavors with her band, The Scoldees (and before that her bands All Folked Up and Big Orange Marble), were played on Stern's radio show and discussed by Howard and his staff. In 2008, Martling and Sirianni continued their professional association with an Off-Off-Broadway Broadway Game Show called "Play With Jackie." Martling also had a cameo in a 1990 low-budget horror movie Nancy starred in called Ghoul School, which became another punchline for Stern.

Discography
Comedy albums
 * What Did You Expect? (1979)
 * Goin' Ape! (1980)
 * Normal People Are People You Don't Know That Well (1981)
 * Sgt. Pecker (1996)
 * Joke Man (1996)
 * Come Again? (1997)
 * Hot Dogs + Donuts (1998)
 * The Very Best of Jackie Martling's Talking Joke Book Cassettes, Vol. 1 (1999)
 * F Jackie (2000)
 * Joke Master Jr.: For Ages 3–12 (2006)
 * Gross Master Junior: For Ages 12–16 (2006)
 * Snart (2010)

Music albums
 * Happy Endings (2008)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jackie Martling


text:
Cherry Bowl

The Cherry Bowl was an annual post-season college football bowl game played in the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan, in 1984 and 1985. The Cherry Bowl was an early attempt to bring a game to Michigan, years before the Motor City Bowl (later known as the Little Caesars Pizza Bowl) and its successor Quick Lane Bowl.

The Cherry Bowl inaugural 1984 game drew more than 70,000 to an Army–Michigan State matchup. This game is noteworthy as Army's first-ever bowl appearance. For 1985, the bowl promised $1.2 million to each team, the fifth-highest payout among all bowls.

The national anthem, half-time, and post-game shows were performed by area high school marching bands. For the 1984 game, the National Anthem and the post-game show were performed by the Marching Railroaders from Durand, Michigan. The Clio Area High School Marching Band performed a pre-game show and joined the Marching Railroaders along with the Michigan State Marching Band to perform a holiday half-time show.

The mid-1980s were a time of upheaval in college football. The end of NCAA control over television rights resulted in a major increase in televised games, and TV rights fees dropped sharply amid the resulting glut, something not anticipated by the Cherry Bowl organizers. Adding to their problems, without the local Michigan State team, attendance for the 1985 game between Maryland and Syracuse fell by nearly 20,000.

Negotiations with General Motors to become the game's title sponsor failed. Unable to meet its payout obligation and more than $1 million in debt, the Cherry Bowl folded.

1984 Cherry Bowl
1984 saw the first edition of the Cherry Bowl, between Army and Michigan State. It was Army's first bowl game in program history, and Michigan State's first since the 1966 Rose Bowl.

The first quarter of the game ended without score; a second quarter 4-yard touchdown gave Army a 7–0 halftime lead. After a scoreless third quarter, Army converted a 35-yard FG in the 4th to extend its lead to 10–0. Michigan State attempted a comeback with a 36-yard touchdown, but a failed two-point conversion led to a 10–6 final.

1985 Cherry Bowl
The 1985 Cherry Bowl was the second and last to be played, this one contested by Maryland and Syracuse. The scoring opened in the 1st with a 26-yard Syracuse field goal. Maryland countered with a 4-yard touchdown run, making it 6–3. A 10-yard run in the 2nd gave Syracuse a 10–6 lead; however, the Terrapins overpowered Syracuse, scoring 29 consecutive points, and Syracuse was unable to rally in a 35–18 Maryland victory.

title: Cherry Bowl


text:
John A. Young

John A. Young (born April 24, 1932) is an American business executive and electrical engineer. He was chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard from 1978 to 1992. He also formerly served as a director of Wells Fargo & Company.

Biography
Young was born in 1932 in Nampa, Idaho. He received his BS degree in electrical engineering in 1953 from Oregon State University, later receiving an MBA degree from Stanford University. Young served in the United States Air Force as a second lieutenant from 1954 to 1956.

In 1958 he joined Hewlett-Packard, rising to the post of vice president in 1968. He was elected executive vice president and a director in 1974. Young succeeded William Hewlett as president of Hewlett-Packard in 1977, receiving the titles of chief operating officer in 1977 and chief executive officer in 1978.

He was elected a director of Chevron in 1985. Upon the merger with Texaco in 2000, he became a director of Chevron Texaco, serving until 2003.

Having had a long association with competitiveness issues, he chaired President Reagan's Commission on Industrial Competitiveness and in 1986 founded the Council on Competitiveness, serving as chairman until 1990. Young served on President Clinton's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology from 1993 to 2000.

Young retired in October 1992 as president and CEO of Hewlett-Packard and was succeeded in both posts by Lewis E. Platt. In 1995 he was elected a director of Novell, serving as acting chairman from August 1996 to April 1997 and as vice chairman until 2001.

Currently, Young is a director of Affymetrix, Inc., Vermillion, Inc. (formerly Ciphbergen Biosystems, Inc.), Fluidigm Corporation, Nanosys Inc., and Perelgen Sciences, Inc. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In addition to Chevron and Novell, he formerly served on the boards of Wells Fargo & Company, International Integration, Inc., Lucent Technology, Smith Kline Beecham, and Agere Systems.

title: John A. Young


text:
HTH

HTH may refer to:

Transportation

 * Handforth railway station, England, station code
 * Hawthorne Industrial Airport, Nevada, US, IATA and FAA LID code
 * Helitt Líneas Aéreas, a Spanish charter airline, ICAO code
 * Heworth Interchange, Tyne and Wear Metro, England, station code

Science and technology

 * Helix-turn-helix, a protein structural motif
 * Homothorax, an arthropod gene

Other uses

 * Hand-to-hand combat
 * High Tech High (disambiguation)
 * House to House Heart to Heart, an American Christian magazine

title: HTH


text:
User:Ed Poor/watchlist

Feel free to edit this page, anybody!
 * Allopathy
 * Natural Health
 * Natural therapy
 * Heroic medicine
 * Patient empowerment

Well, I will start looking around, too. I will be improving a lot of other articles. Aritcles on English Grammar, spelling, history, poetry, and anything I know absolutely nothing about, but have a strong interest in. Just like Ed Poor, does.

I will take special interest in anything written by one of my new friends.

Ed Poor has Educated me as to the proper example that I am supposed to be following.

Mean while, my serious work will be done on my mailing list and website. Because, I do have a life. :) -- Mr-Natural-Health 22:16, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User:Ed Poor/watchlist


text:
Talk:Stanisław Skrowaczewski

Untitled
With this conductor we run into thornier problems than we'd seen with Günter Wand and Antal Doráti. At least one other person besides me tried valiantly to put that slash on that Polish L in Skrowaczewski's first name in both the article and the URL of the page. I reasoned, since it's possible to put acute and grave accents as well as umlauts in URLs, perhaps it's also possible to put L-slashes in URLs. It appears that it can't be done. At least the body of the article itself has it written correctly. -- Dmetric —Preceding undated comment added at 17:29, 1 December 2003 (UTC)

Why was info removed?
This line was removed: Dr. Frederick Harris Jr., director of the MIT Wind Ensemble, is currently writing a book about Skrowaczewski. This info seems relevant to the article. Nationalparks 02:31, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
 * First, there is a problem of Verifiability. Second, it simply does not seem encyclopedic information.  If Dr Harris had finished his book and it was available for sale and considered an authoritative source on Skrowaczewski, then it could be used as a source for the article.  However, even then, we would not expect to see the sentence "Dr Harris has written a book about Skrowczewski" in the article.  The mere fact that X is writing (or has written) a book about Y is not usualy encyclopedic, unless there is something especially significant about X.  Suppose I was writing a book about George W. Bush.  Would the statement "User:Grover_cleveland is writing a book about George W. Bush" be an appropriate addition to the George W. Bush article?  No.  So why is "Dr Harris is writing a book about Skrowaczewski" an appropriate sentence for the Skrowaczewski article?  It seems more like an advertisement for Dr Harris than an attempt to add useful content to the article.  Grover cleveland 10:32, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Could someone kindly add a phonetic pronunciation of his name? Every college classical DJ in the country will thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by IvyGold (talk • contribs) 01:42, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The biography is now published and would seem to be THE source now on this musician: Harris has written the official biography of Stanislaw Skrowaczewski. Published by CreateSpace, this comprehensive biography traces the fascinating life of one of classical music’s most eminent musicians. Seeking the Infinite details Skrowaczewski’s life ..... ISBN-10: 143925774450.111.63.109 (talk) 15:46, 24 November 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 18 November 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move  (t · c)  buidhe  12:36, 5 December 2020 (UTC)

Stanisław Skrowaczewski → Stanislaw Skrowaczewski – Move back to correct spelling. Although the stroke through the 'l' would be strictly correct in Polish, Skrowaczewski never used it in his international career, and nor do the sources and external links cited in the article, CD covers, concert programmes et cetera. This article appears to have been originally created at the correct spelling, but was then moved without explanation in 2005 by an editor who has otherwise made no contribution to the article. 188.30.213.118 (talk) 17:25, 18 November 2020 (UTC) —Relisting. OhKayeSierra (talk) 19:58, 26 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Skrowaczewski's entry appears in 17 Wikipedias and each of those Wikipedias, without exception, uses the letter "ł" in his given name. Stanisław Skrowaczewski is his birth name and the name under which he gained fame in his native Poland which he did not leave until age 37. A glance at Category:Conductors (music) by nationality will confirm that Category:French conductors (music) retain their accents, Category:German conductors (music) retain their umlauts, etc. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 21:51, 18 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a reliable source. If 16 other Wikipedias get his name wrong that's not an excuse for us to do the same. There seems to be a problem across all Wikipedias that editors who know nothing about the subject will move an article based on their assumptions about language and spelling, rather than the actual name the subject used. Your assumption that his birth name included the 'ł' seems entirely plausible, but is contradicted by the sources cited in the article. And yes of course French conductors and German conductors may have diacritical marks in their names if they used them; the fact is that Skrowaczewski used a plain 'l' in his professional career, and we should follow his example. --188.30.212.142 (talk) 09:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Here is the English-language cover of Stanisław Skrowaczewski / the complete oehmsclassics recordings / 90th birthday collection from OEHMS Classics. As can be clearly seen (clicking on the cover will enlarge it), the name is "Stanisław", not "Stanislaw". Numerous other reliable English-language sources render his name with the diacritic — USC Polish Music Center, Intermusica, The Guardian obituary, Naxos Records, Google Arts & Culture, etc.
 * Other reliable sources do indeed omit the diacritic, but those and other English-language sources may also omit diacritics for eminent German, French, Czech, Swedish, Finnish, etc composers and conductors who originated from outside the English-speaking world. Wikipedia tends to include diacritics in the names of music notables, such as Skrowaczewski, who achieved renown under their diacritic-bearing names before they settled in the English-speaking world. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 19:34, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose He and his wife defected from Poland to the United States in 1960, but remained ardently Polish. Some emigrants to America do eschew their native name, but Skrowaczewski didn't and all the sources listed by Roman Spinner reflect this. In ictu oculi (talk) 12:23, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stanisław Skrowaczewski


text:
Aviation Bowl

The Aviation Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game played at Welcome Stadium in Dayton, Ohio, on December 9, 1961, between the New Mexico Lobos and the Western Michigan Broncos. New Mexico won by a score of 28 to 12. Attendance for the game was 3,694.

Background
The Lobos finished tied for third for Mountain States Conference in their final season in the conference. The Broncos had finished tied for second in the Mid-American Conference. This was New Mexico's first bowl game since the 1947 Harbor Bowl and Western Michigan's first ever bowl game. Rutgers and The Citadel were asked to play in the game, but they both declined. Bowling Green was considered to play, but they instead played in the Mercy Bowl, a fundraiser in memory of the members of the Cal Poly team members that died the year before, after playing Bowling Green. Ohio was in the running as well, but they tied their last game against Western Michigan, 20–20. The two inch snowfall that fell prior to the game turned to sleet during the game, making the field wet.

Game summary

 * New Mexico - Cromartie 3 yard touchdown run (kick blocked)
 * New Mexico - Santiago 10 yard touchdown run (Morgan run)
 * Western Michigan - White 4 yard touchdown run (run failed)
 * New Mexico - Morgan 10 yard touchdown run (run failed)
 * New Mexico - Cummings 43 yard interception for touchdown (Bradford run)
 * Western Michigan - Cooke 5 yard touchdown pass from Chlebek (pass failed)

Aftermath
New Mexico did not win another bowl game until the 2007 New Mexico Bowl.

title: Aviation Bowl


text:
Lewis E. Platt

Lewis Emmett Platt (April 11, 1941 – September 8, 2005) was an American businessman and corporate director, who was chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard.

Personal life and education
Platt was born in Johnson City, New York, the son of Margaret (Williams) and Norval Lewis Platt. He earned his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Cornell University in 1964 and his MBA from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in 1966. He was granted an honorary doctorate in Engineering Science by Santa Clara University. He was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega National Fraternity and served on its National Foundation Board of Governors.

Platt was widowed early in 1981. His wife died of cancer, and leaving him to raise two young daughters. This life change is said to have informed policies accommodating employee needs that he later implemented as chief executive of Hewlett-Packard.

Career at Hewlett-Packard
Platt joined Hewlett-Packard (HP) as an engineer in the medical products division. In the 1980s, he rose through the ranks in HP's Computer Systems Organization (CSO), becoming executive vice president overseeing HP's Computer Products Sector in 1988, and head of the CSO in 1990. Under Platt's watch, HP made a major investment in RISC/Unix which brought tens of billions in revenue and made the company a major IT provider.

Platt succeeded John A. Young as president and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard in 1992, and then succeeded co-founder David Packard as the company's chairman of the board in 1993.

Under Platt's tenure as CEO, HP's sales went from $20 billion in 1993 to $38 billion in 1996. During his seven years as CEO, revenues increased 187 percent to $47.1 billion. Despite his corporate successes, Platt was not considered media-savvy due his thick glasses and hulking frame and generally kept a low profile, although he did agree to sit atop of a bunch of crates on the roof of an HP building for a BusinessWeek cover story in 1995. Platt was known as an embodiment of the "HP Way", a management philosophy developed by company founders Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, that "built on respect for every individual and on the notion that people want to do their best — and will, if given the right direction". Platt was noted to being attuned to the company's rank-and-file as he practiced "management by walking around", as he flew commercial airlines instead of using the corporate jet. He also ate in the company cafeteria with the employees on a regular basis.

Late in his tenure, Platt was often criticized by investors and some HP executives for focusing on progressive values and long-term results. Platt's detractors said that company needed a more cold-blooded competitiveness and higher octane leadership to succeed, that his "pragmatic, nothing-fancy approach" seemed out of touch with the "go-go demands of the late 1990s," and that he had failed to capitalize on the Internet boom. Platt, who had announced back in March 1999 that he intended to resign and spin off HP's test and measurement group into Agilent, said in a July 1999 interview, "even before the announcement of the splitting of the company and the new CEO, we had spent a lot of time looking at ourselves. We needed to make some cultural shifts." Platt said, "We needed to hold fast to the core values but change some of the practices. (We needed to) speed up decision making." In March 1999, HP's board had initiated a search for Platt's successor as CEO which would eventually be Carly Fiorina who came from Lucent Technologies. Although Platt was instrumental in hiring Fiorina, he was viewed as a "has been" as she reportedly stopped seeking his advice a few weeks after she joined HP.

Fiorina's tenure was rocked by numerous disappointments, including her propensity to over-promise and her difficulty in taking advice from others, and she was ousted in 2005. Furthermore, she was perceived as aloof, as she was an outsider to the HP culture, and also as a result of her high visibility and "rock star status" in the press which led to the board of directors complaining that she was "spending too much time on the road, neglecting the nuts-and-bolts execution of her own strategic ideas". Fiorina's firing was also viewed as a vindication of Platt's previously-derided style, as a reporter remarked "While big egos and business cycles come and go, the values Platt held dear are timeless, and should not be easily dismissed".

Upon his departure in July 1999 as CEO and in 2000 as board chairman, his position was divided into three, partially because of the Agilent Technologies divestiture. Richard Hackborn served as chairman of both HP and Agilent during the transitional period of the breakup, but the two companies had separate CEOs.

Civic engagement
In 1997, "Lewis E. Platt was appointed to the Advisory Committee on Trade Policy Negotiations by President Bill Clinton and served as chairman of one of its task forces, the World Trade Organization Task Force... In 1996, Lewis E. Platt was elected cochair and a member of the board of directors of Joint Venture Silicon Valley and the Tech Network, formed in 1991, to strengthen the local economy and make the area a better place to live, and he was a member of The Business Council, also serving as a member of the California Business Roundtable from 1993 to 1995..." In 1996 he employed company resources, his personal energy, and his fundraising skills to campaign for successful local ballot questions to increase sales tax earmarked for local transportation improvements.

Kendall-Jackson Wine Estates
After retiring from HP he served as CEO of Kendall-Jackson Wine Estates from 2000 to mid-2001.

Boeing Company
On December 1, 2003, director Platt was named as the non-executive chairman of Boeing, after Phil Condit resigned as chairman and CEO. In 2005, Platt was instrumental in forcing out President and CEO Harry Stonecipher for violating company rules, after it was revealed that Stonecipher was having an extramarital relationship with a female executive.

Death
On September 8, 2005, Platt died of a brain aneurysm at his home in Petaluma, California. He was 64.

Legacy
A resolution of the state legislature named a section of California State Route 87 the Lewis E. Platt Memorial Highway.

title: Lewis E. Platt


text:
Presidential Cup Bowl

The Presidential Cup Game (also known as the Presidential Cup Bowl) was a postseason American college football bowl game played at Byrd Stadium in College Park, Maryland, on December 8, 1950, between the Texas A&M Aggies and the Georgia Bulldogs.

Entering the game
The Aggies, coached by Harry Stiteler, entered the contest with a 6–4 record. A&M had posted victories over Nevada, Texas Tech, VMI, TCU, Arkansas, and SMU; while dropping contests against Oklahoma, Baylor, Rice, and Texas. The game was A&M's first post-season appearance since a 19–14 defeat at the hands of LSU in the 1944 Orange Bowl. Having posted records of 0–9–1 and 1–8–1 in his first two seasons in College Station, the 1950 season marked a huge turn-around for Stiteler's program. Prior to the bowl game, he reported that he was attacked and beaten by a stranger near the Shamrock Hotel in Houston, where Stiteler had been scheduled to address a group of Texas A&M alumni. A press report stated that he did not provide details to the police.

Meanwhile, in Athens, Coach Wally Butts' Bulldogs had scratched out a 6–2–3 record. The Red & Black enjoyed victories over Maryland, Mississippi State, Boston College, Florida, Auburn, and Furman; fought to ties with Saint Mary's, North Carolina, and LSU; and lost 14–7 against Alabama, and 7–0 to Georgia Tech. The trip to College Park was Georgia's 7th bowl venture, and would be UGA's first December bowl outing.

Game summary
Bob Smith opened the game with a 100-yard kickoff return for a score and added an 81-yard scoring run as A&M jumped to a 33–0 halftime lead on five touchdowns, two by Smith and Tidwell. Smith totalled 160 yards on 20 carries for the day along with 121 yards in punt returns, 22 yards receiving and five yards passing to accumulate 301 total yards. Tidwell added his third score to make it 40–0 before Georgia managed to score 20 of their own. But it was not enough, as A&M won in Stiteler's final game as coach.

Aftermath
Three months later, it was revealed by Stiteler admitted that he had misrepresented the facts concerning the assault. He reported that he had known his attacker and "the affair was a personal one." Stiteler submitted his letter of resignation to the President of Texas A&M upon revealing the facts concerning "my affair in Houston."

A&M would not reach a bowl game for another 7 years, the 1957 Gator Bowl. The Bulldogs would not reach one again until 1959.

title: Presidential Cup Bowl


text:
Talk:Eternal Marriage

Visorstuff has suggested that we combine this page with Sealing (Mormonism), and I agree. See Talk:Sealing (Mormonism). Any comments?COGDEN 17:50, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I agree too. I've also added a link to this page under Religious aspects of marriage. Bccomm 00:06, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I'm not quite sure if this is written from a completely neutral point of view. This article seems to represent a Mormon point of view and, since Wikipedia strives for neutrality, doesn't really belong here. Since Sealing (Mormonism) covers the issue in greater detail and from a neutral point of view, I suggest this article should become a redirect to Sealing (Mormonism).

title: Talk:Eternal Marriage


text:
Rilland-Bath

Rilland-Bath is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Zeeland.

It was created from a merger of Rilland and Bath in 1878, and existed until it merged into the municipality Reimerswaal.

Transportation

 * Railway station: Rilland-Bath

title: Rilland-Bath


text:
Fancy cancel

A fancy cancel is a postal cancellation that includes an artistic design. Although the term may be used of modern machine cancellations that include artwork, it primarily refers to the designs carved in cork and used in 19th century post offices of the United States.

When postage stamps were introduced in the US in 1847, postmasters were required to deface them to prevent reuse, but it was left up to them to decide exactly how to do this, and not infrequently clerks would use whatever was at hand, including pens and "PAID" handstamps left over from the pre-stamp era.

A number of offices began to use cork bottle stoppers dipped in ink. These worked well, but would tend to blot out the entire stamp making it difficult to check the denomination, and so clerks began to carve a groove across the middle of the cork, making two semicircles. Further enhancements included two grooves cut crosswise (the four-piece "country pie"), and then two more, for the eight-segment "city pie", and notches cut out of the outer edge to lighten the cancel further.

The carving process seems to have sparked the creativity of clerks across the country, and soon thousands of designs appeared, ranging from shields to skulls to stars, geometrical shapes, animals, plants, and devils with pitchforks. Among the most common fancy cancel designs are stars and crosses of varying designs. The Waterbury, Connecticut post office was the master of the practice, and turned out new cancels for every holiday and special occasion. Their "Waterbury Running Chicken" cancel, perhaps a turkey since it appeared close to Thanksgiving of 1869, was in use for only a few days and is now the most prized of all 19th century cancels, with covers fetching very high prices.

The era of fancy cancels came to an end in the 1890s, when the Post Office Department issued new regulations standardizing the form of cancellations.

The fancy cancels have since been studied and categorized by specialists. Many types are quite common, and command only a small premium, while others are rare. Not all have been discovered yet; previously unknown cancels continue to surface regularly.

Fancy cancels exist for many other countries besides the US. Outside the US they are normally termed cork cancellations. Canadian cork cancellations are famous for their fancy designs. Cork cancellations can be found on stamps issued by British Colonies including the Cape of Good Hope.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Fancy cancel


text:
Raisin Bowl

The Raisin Bowl was an annual post-season American college football bowl game played at Ratcliffe Stadium in Fresno, California, from 1946 to 1949. The first four games were played on January 1, the last on December 31. The games pitted a California team against an at-large team; the California team prevailed in four of the five games.

This game is not to be confused with the California Bowl which was later staged in Fresno, which in its later years was marketed as the California Raisin Bowl due to the sale of naming rights to the California Raisin Marketing Board.

Game results
† Now Wichita State ‡ Now Colorado State

title: Raisin Bowl


text:
Ramification (mathematics)

In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two branches differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite perspective (branches coming together) as when a covering map degenerates at a point of a space, with some collapsing of the fibers of the mapping.

In complex analysis
In complex analysis, the basic model can be taken as the z → zn mapping in the complex plane, near z = 0. This is the standard local picture in Riemann surface theory, of ramification of order n. It occurs for example in the Riemann–Hurwitz formula for the effect of mappings on the genus.

In algebraic topology
In a covering map the Euler–Poincaré characteristic should multiply by the number of sheets; ramification can therefore be detected by some dropping from that. The z → zn mapping shows this as a local pattern: if we exclude 0, looking at 0 < |z| < 1 say, we have (from the homotopy point of view) the circle mapped to itself by the n-th power map (Euler–Poincaré characteristic 0), but with the whole disk the Euler–Poincaré characteristic is 1, n – 1 being the 'lost' points as the n sheets come together at z = 0.

In geometric terms, ramification is something that happens in codimension two (like knot theory, and monodromy); since real codimension two is complex codimension one, the local complex example sets the pattern for higher-dimensional complex manifolds. In complex analysis, sheets can't simply fold over along a line (one variable), or codimension one subspace in the general case. The ramification set (branch locus on the base, double point set above) will be two real dimensions lower than the ambient manifold, and so will not separate it into two 'sides', locally―there will be paths that trace round the branch locus, just as in the example. In algebraic geometry over any field, by analogy, it also happens in algebraic codimension one.

In algebraic extensions of the rational numbers
Ramification in algebraic number theory means a prime ideal factoring in an extension so as to give some repeated prime ideal factors. Namely, let $$\mathcal{O}_K$$ be the ring of integers of an algebraic number field $$K$$, and $$\mathfrak{p}$$ a prime ideal of $$\mathcal{O}_K$$. For a field extension $$L/K$$ we can consider the ring of integers $$\mathcal{O}_L$$ (which is the integral closure of $$\mathcal{O}_K$$ in $$L$$), and the ideal $$\mathfrak{p}\mathcal{O}_L$$ of $$\mathcal{O}_L$$. This ideal may or may not be prime, but for finite $$[L:K]$$, it has a factorization into prime ideals:

 * $$\mathfrak{p}\cdot \mathcal{O}_L = \mathfrak{p}_1^{e_1}\cdots\mathfrak{p}_k^{e_k}$$

where the $$\mathfrak{p}_i$$ are distinct prime ideals of $$\mathcal{O}_L$$. Then $$\mathfrak{p}$$ is said to ramify in $$L$$ if $$e_i > 1$$ for some $$i$$; otherwise it is . In other words, $$\mathfrak{p}$$ ramifies in $$L$$ if the ramification index $$e_i$$ is greater than one for some $$\mathfrak{p}_i$$. An equivalent condition is that $$\mathcal{O}_L/\mathfrak{p}\mathcal{O}_L$$ has a non-zero nilpotent element: it is not a product of finite fields. The analogy with the Riemann surface case was already pointed out by Richard Dedekind and Heinrich M. Weber in the nineteenth century.

The ramification is encoded in $$K$$ by the relative discriminant and in $$L$$ by the relative different. The former is an ideal of $$\mathcal{O}_K$$ and is divisible by $$\mathfrak{p}$$ if and only if some ideal $$\mathfrak{p}_i$$ of $$\mathcal{O}_L$$ dividing $$\mathfrak{p}$$ is ramified. The latter is an ideal of $$\mathcal{O}_L$$ and is divisible by the prime ideal $$\mathfrak{p}_i$$ of $$\mathcal{O}_L$$ precisely when $$\mathfrak{p}_i$$ is ramified.

The ramification is tame when the ramification indices $$e_i$$ are all relatively prime to the residue characteristic p of $$\mathfrak{p}$$, otherwise wild. This condition is important in Galois module theory. A finite generically étale extension $$B/A$$ of Dedekind domains is tame if and only if the trace $$\operatorname{Tr}: B \to A$$ is surjective.

In local fields
The more detailed analysis of ramification in number fields can be carried out using extensions of the p-adic numbers, because it is a local question. In that case a quantitative measure of ramification is defined for Galois extensions, basically by asking how far the Galois group moves field elements with respect to the metric. A sequence of ramification groups is defined, reifying (amongst other things) wild (non-tame) ramification. This goes beyond the geometric analogue.

In algebra
In valuation theory, the ramification theory of valuations studies the set of extensions of a valuation of a field K to an extension field of K. This generalizes the notions in algebraic number theory, local fields, and Dedekind domains.

In algebraic geometry
There is also corresponding notion of unramified morphism in algebraic geometry. It serves to define étale morphisms.

Let $$f: X \to Y$$ be a morphism of schemes. The support of the quasicoherent sheaf $$\Omega_{X/Y}$$ is called the ramification locus of $$f$$ and the image of the ramification locus, $$f\left( \operatorname{Supp} \Omega_{X/Y} \right)$$, is called the branch locus of $$f$$. If $$\Omega_{X/Y}=0$$ we say that $$f$$ is formally unramified and if $$f$$ is also of locally finite presentation we say that $$f$$ is unramified (see ).

title: Ramification (mathematics)


text:
San Diego East-West Christmas Classic

The San Diego East-West Christmas Classic was an annual series of two post-season college American football bowl games played at Balboa Stadium in San Diego, California, in 1921 and 1922.

title: San Diego East-West Christmas Classic


text: User talk:216.20.118.37

title: User talk:216.20.118.37


text:
Reformer

A reformer is someone who works for reform.

Reformer may also refer to:
 * Catalytic reformer, in an oil refinery
 * Methane reformer, producing hydrogen
 * Steam reformer
 * Hydrogen reformer, extracting hydrogen
 * Methanol reformer, producing hydrogen from methanol
 * Kim reformer, producing syngas
 * Protestant Reformers
 * Reformers Bookshop, Australia
 * Reformer (Enneagram), a personality type
 * Pilates reformer, an exercise machine
 * The Reformers (film), 1916
 * Reform movement

title: Reformer


text:
Center for Defense Information

The Center for Defense Information (CDI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization based in Washington, D.C. It specialized in analyzing and advising on military matters.

History
The Center for Defense Information was founded in 1971 by an independent group of retired military officers including Adm. Gene La Rocque and Adm. Eugene Carroll.

In 2005, the Center for Defense Information expanded by creating the Straus Military Reform Project for the purpose of promoting military reform in the Pentagon and Congress. Winslow T. Wheeler, a former Capitol Hill staffer and General Accounting Office assistant director, directs the Straus Military Reform Project at CDI. The Project was launched by a matching grant from Philip A. Straus Jr. Straus and his family have long supported activities at CDI and continue to be major supporters of the Project's endeavors. In May 2012, CDI joined the Project on Government Oversight.

After the 2008 United States elections, CDI released America’s Defense Meltdown: Pentagon Reform for President Obama and the New Congress, a collection of briefing papers by a dozen defense intellectuals and retired military officers. In 2010, CDI released a second anthology, The Pentagon Labyrinth: 10 Short Essays to Help You through It. Since the mid-2000s, CDI has focused on the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II as what it says is the embodiment of the Pentagon's acquisition problems—being both unaffordable and a huge disappointment in performance.

Formerly, CDI operated under the umbrella of the World Security Institute. In 2012, the World Security Institute closed, and CDI merged with the Project On Government Oversight (POGO). In addition, POGO continued the publication of The Defense Monitor.

title: Center for Defense Information


text:
Ole C. Johnson

Ole Carl Johnson Shipnes (February 23, 1838 –November 4, 1886) was a Norwegian American immigrant, businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was the first immigration commissioner of Wisconsin, serving from 1871 through 1873, and was the 17th mayor of Beloit, Wisconsin (1877–1879). During the American Civil War, he served with the 15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment (the "Scandinavian Regiment"), he was a prisoner of war for half a year before escaping and returning to the regiment, which he then led as lieutenant colonel.

For most of his career in America, he was known to use the surname "Johnson", but added the surname "Shipnes"—an Anglicization of his Norwegian birthplace—later in life.

Early life
Ole Johnson was born on the Skipnes Farm, (Skibsnes), near Nordsjø, in Helgen Parish, Telemark, Norway. He came to the United States with his parents and four siblings, arriving in New York on board the Salvator, on July 6, 1844. The family went to Whitewater, Walworth County, Wisconsin. In 1852, they moved to Koshkonong, Wisconsin. Johnson studied law at Beloit College. He became a school teacher in Stoughton.

Civil War
When the Civil War broke out, Johnson joined the Scandinavian Regiment (15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment) and was appointed captain of Company B.  After the Battle of Perryville, Johnson was promoted to the rank of major. He took part in the battle of Murfreesboro and reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in March 1863. The Scandavian Regiment was heavily mauled at the battle of Chickamauga with approximately 63% killed, wounded, or captured. Colonel Hans Christian Heg who had commanded the Regiment since its formation was killed and Johnson was captured.

Johnson was held in Libby Prison in Virginia before it was decided in May 1864 to move him to another prison. At Chesterville, Johnson and two others escaped from the railroad car they were being transported in. After a month, the men were able to rejoin the Union Army at Strawberry Plains, Tennessee. Johnson was promoted to colonel and took command of the Scandinavian Regiment on July 24, 1864, remaining with the regiment until the expiration of the regiment's service in February 1865.

Post Civil War
After the war Johnson went into business and settled in Beloit, Rock County, Wisconsin, becoming active in the Republican Party. He became a partner in an agricultural instrument manufacturer in Beloit, called John Thompson & Co., which was his primary employment from 1870 to 1880. During that time, he was elected sergeant-at-arms of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1870, and was then appointed the first state commissioner of immigration in 1871, by governor Lucius Fairchild. He served in that office until the end of 1873. He was then elected to two consecutive terms as mayor of Beloit, in 1877 and 1878. Later, he became president of the Watertown Bank.

Personal life and family
Ole Johnson was one of at least four children born to Anders Johnson and his wife Aaste Bjørnsdatter. Ole's eldest brother was John Anders Johnson, who served as a member of the Wisconsin Senate and state Assembly, and was at one time the Democratic nominee for state Treasurer.

Ole Johnson married Freia Caroline Bødtker on January 3, 1867. They had one son, Wilford Chickamauga Johnson Shipnes. In his later years, Johnson had adopted the last name "Shipnes", the name of his place of birth in Norway.

Ole Johnson died in Beloit on November 4, 1886. His death was attributed to a stomach disease that he contracted during his time in Libby Prison.

title: Ole C. Johnson


text:
Talk:Oracle Solaris

Requested move #2
Solaris Operating System → Solaris (operating system) — Consistency, ease of piping links; usually referred to as simply "Solaris", even by Sun. intgr 08:22, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add  # Support   or   # Oppose   on a new line in the appropriate section followed by a brief explanation, then sign your opinion using ~ .  Please remember that this survey is not a vote, and please provide an explanation for your recommendation.

Survey - in support of the move

 * 1) Support per nom and WP:COMMONNAME. - Cyrus XIII 22:02, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. Sun seems to alternatively refer to it as Solaris Operating System and simply Solaris on its website. Solaris, as noted right above me, is a more common form of the name, and I think it would be simpler to just call the article "Solaris (operating system)". – Mipadi 15:50, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. AFAICT from poking around sun.com, Sun don't use the "Solaris" name for anything but the OS, so the common name is unambiguous and shorter. (To expand something the nom wrote, [[Solaris (operating system)|]] will be equivalent to [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] — neat, hey?) CWC 00:10, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) Support and moved per WP:SNOW. —Ruud 23:22, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments:

 * For earlier discussion about what to name this article, see above under "", "" and "". CWC 18:24, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Numbering
Most recent releases of Solaris, such as 8, 9 or 10, are referred to as SunOS 2.8, 2.9, 2.10 in the operating system using the uname command not 5.8, 5.9, 5.10. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rodendahl (talk • contribs) 20:28, 10 September 2007
 * This turns out not to be the case:

% uname -sr SunOS 5.10 %
 * --NapoliRoma 21:24, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I can confirm that as well - on Solaris 7, 8 and 10 boxes here they all report 5.7, 5.8 and 5.10 as their version -66.181.254.202 (talk) 17:06, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

file systems in solaris
what filesystems are supported by solaris? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.218.246.100 (talk) 23:35, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Solaris uses an extended version of the Unix File System for disk storage. (Sun added journaling to UFS in Solaris 7, so it's not the standard UFS that came with SVR4.) Of course, it also supports FAT16, FAT32 and ISO 9660, for portable media rather than main storage. It's not like Linux, where you have several well-supported disk file systems to choose from.
 * Solaris also supports a variety of non-disk file systems, including tmpfs and procfs.
 * There are about a dozen virtual filesystems that are normally used in Solaris to provide various facilities. Neither tmpfs nor procfs are the names of any of them (maybe you were thinking of Linux). Triskelios (talk) 03:15, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Not quite true, at least as of Solaris10/SunOS 5.10 and beyond. Cf. tmpfs(7fs) and mount_tmpfs(1m). As for 'procfs', this is simply named 'proc', and is restricted to plain process information (unlike in Linux) 217.232.148.200 (talk) 12:51, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * tmpfs dates back to at least late 1987, in SunOS 4. /proc dates back to 1984, in Version 8 Unix, and was ported to System V Release 4, from which SunOS 5 was derived.  Not all exotic file systems originated in Linux. Guy Harris (talk) 19:02, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Third-party open source projects have added ext2fs support to OpenSolaris (and maybe Solaris itself); I hope to try that out in a month or two. Cheers, CWC 13:54, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Read-only NTFS support is also provided through a separate project.
 * ...and ZFS.--NapoliRoma 14:25, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh. Yes, of course. How embarrassing. CWC 18:41, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Other filesystems include NFS (of course), CIFS (SMB), Veritas' VxFS, OpenAFS. UDF is also supported for media. Read-only NTFS is available in addition to ext2fs. Nevada is moving towards using ZFS for root filesystems by default (as other distributions already do), which will be backported to S10. Triskelios (talk) 03:15, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
 * And don't forget the Lustre cluster filesystem, which was bought by Sun in 2007. Raysonho (talk) 05:15, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Pemutar musik pelayr Ritno bae (talk) 18:44, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

Pemutar musik pelayr Ritno bae (talk) 18:44, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

Question on Single UNIX Specification
If Solaris is cirtified against Single UNIX Specification does that mean OpenSolaris is as well??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.11.138.57 (talk) 22:32, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Nope. (I'd say it depends on what you mean by "OpenSolaris", but the answer is no for any meaning I can think of.)
 * An OS in general isn't certified; specific releases are. So, Solaris 10, a release, is certified against the SUS.  There is no release called "OpenSolaris" anything that has been through the certification process.--NapoliRoma (talk) 01:29, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * That's right, "OpenSolaris" is, as far as I'm aware, the name for the open code base for which the Solaris OS releases are created, not a distinct operating system in and of itself. mike4ty4 (talk) 06:56, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * OpenSolaris is now the name of what was formerly known as "Project Indiana". OpenSolaris 2008.05 was released on May 5, 2008. See the DistroWatch announcement for more information. BlueJayofEvil (talk) 06:04, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

The introductory paragraph contradicts the artlce itself
In the intro paragraph, "As of this writing, Hewlett-Packard is unable to support the platform in commercial settings." is stated, however, later in the article Solaris_(operating_system) specifically mentions HP as a supported vendor... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.181.254.202 (talk) 17:03, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It is true that HP does not support Solaris; It is also true that Sun supports Solaris on HP systems. Not contradictory, but maybe can be made less confusing.  I think that part of the lead should be reworked; "licensed" is probably not the right term and "as of this writing" forces you to study the edit history to find out when "this writing" was.--NapoliRoma (talk) 18:42, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

 * And here I thought my HP printer wouldn't work if I installed Solaris. ~Jonathan (talk) 10:00, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

This seems extremely off topic for an opening paragraph. HP's website says: http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/cache/492635-0-0-0-121.html, a page titled "HP ProLiant Server Support. Current HP ProLiant servers that are Sun Test Suite Certified, HP supported, and/or planned for support." I think this statement adds no value and should be removed. Dbprice (talk) 03:55, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Poor Article
This is not encyclopedic. This is written like a tech spec sheet crossed with a news release for industry journalists. There's not much about the pros and cons of the system, snapshots of the system or anything at a more summarized encyclopedia kind of level. This gives you lots of tech info, but actually very little info on the system itself. It's FAR too high level and detailed for an encyclopedia. Wood for the trees people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.157.20.209 (talk) 13:31, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Uh "high level and detailed"? Maybe you mean "low level and detailed"? HughesJohn (talk) 21:07, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * "Encyclopedic... pros and cons"? Solaris comprises a family of operating systems, much like Legumes comprise a family of edible food. One will not see a list of pros and cons when they look up Legumes in wikipedia. "There's not much about... snapshots of the system"? A snapshot has been included since 2006 and product logo in 2008 - I personally addressed this concern with adding additional images. "...lots of tech info, but actually very little info on the system itself" - Technical information is information on the system itself. I also addressed this concern with adding a new section on installation & usage options. I think this "Poor Article" comment is now irrelevant, can it be purged? DavidHalko (talk) 21:54, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

screenshot
We need a screenshot in order to give more detail to the reader. --frogger3140 (talk) 11:50, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Added a variety of screen shots, can this concern be purged? DavidHalko (talk) 21:59, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

 * The CDE screenshot is from OpenVMS, though, so we could do with a machine actually running Solaris before purging this concern. Gareth.randall (talk) 21:11, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

Unencyclopedic?
OK, so there are probably many ways this article could be improved, but compared to some other articles on similar subjects, IMHO, this one is reasonably good and fairly NPOV. Anybody have any specific criticisms? Letdorf (talk) 12:14, 3 September 2008 (UTC).

 * I mostly agree with Letdorf. Similarly, I feel the article contains a lot of good information, especially for the technically minded or those looking to weigh Solaris as a platform option.  It mentions a lot of specific technologies that Solaris offers, but provides a good overview of the operating system as a whole.

 * I disagree with most of the comment from 81.157.20.209's "Poor article" section above. While the article doesn't make a comparison between Solaris and other OSes, that's not its purpose, but rather to explain Solaris.  Pros and cons might be a reasonable addition, but pure comparisons are for the comparison page (Comparison of operating systems).  As for being "HIGH level and detailed", it provides a historically- and technically-relevant overview of Solaris (save some instances that I could see being up for debate).  The only thing I agree with is the addition of a screenshot.
 * --Placatedmayhem (talk) 04:55, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

 * One further point in this matter is that listing "pros" and "cons" is quite non-trivial. Solaris is a general-purpose Unix operating system, and in my opinion listing "pros" and "cons" is fundamentally opinion-based. Often such lists are influenced by the writer's experience on different operating systems. I think such lists don't belong to an encyclopedia, but rather to discussion sites.
 * 89.27.47.68 (talk) 14:03, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The article contains useful information - in particular, the reason I visited the page this morning was to find out when particular versions had been released. Posting a "pro/con" list would be difficult to do objectively and, as the previous poster noted, be appropriate for a discussion group.
 * --Jim Carson —Preceding undated comment was added at 17:54, 18 November 2008 (UTC).

 * I also disagree with most of the comment from 81.157.20.209's "Poor article" section above. The parts I did agree with, I tried to enhance by adding screen shots, adding installation options, and additional content surrounding the desktop environment. I think this comment from 81.157.20.209's "Poor article" section above no longer applies. Can this concern be purged? DavidHalko (talk) 00:10, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:DECwindows-openvms-v7.3-1.png
The image File:DECwindows-openvms-v7.3-1.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --08:19, 7 February 2009 (UTC)
 * This has been corrected DavidHalko (talk) 20:53, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Copyrighted code
To what degree does Solaris still have old AT&T code in it, to which Novell now owns the copyright? If it doesn't have any, at what point did it purge? How long did it need to have a license, or did it get a perpetual license of some kind? -- Beland (talk) 03:25, 6 March 2009 (UTC)
 * According to SCO v. Novell, it looks like Sun still had a Unix license when it released OpenSolaris. -- Beland (talk) 13:53, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what "Unix license" means in your context. Sun bought out its rights to the SVR4 source base from Novell back in the '90s, before Novell entered into its agreement with oldSCO.  This is separate from "Unix" branding, which Novell handed over to what is now The Open Group.  The question that I don't think there is a documented answer to is whether there are any existing rights issues associated with Sun open sourcing the Solaris source base via the OpenSolaris community.--NapoliRoma (talk) 18:37, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

File:Sol10-software-grps.gif may be deleted
I have tagged File:Sol10-software-grps.gif, which is in use in this article for deletion because it does not have a copyright tag. If a copyright tag is not added within seven days the image will be deleted. -- Chris  00:22, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Multics family
I propose that we re-classify this article under 'OS family: Multics' in the info box, for the reason that Unix is based on Multics. MFNickster (talk) 03:18, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Please keep the discussion in the one place. It started in Talk:Mac OS X. AlistairMcMillan (talk) 18:41, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

First para of lead
There seems to be some edit-warring going on here recently. If anyone considers the sentence "Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems, which superseded their earlier SunOS in 1992." to be incorrect, confusing or misleading, please discuss your objections here. Thank you. Letdorf (talk) 12:44, 12 July 2010 (UTC).

Solaris 10 Update 9 Available
I'm not sure what the exact release date was, but Solaris 10 Update 9 (Oracle Solaris 10 9/10) is available for download from Oracle. SDNick484 (talk) 18:07, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Differentiate OpenSolaris and Solaris
This article mix information from OpenSolaris and Solaris. That was not a serious thing, but with the last announcements from Oracle it's really important to separate both, of course, except when referring historical events. For example, the Licence section need to be restructured, if not, wiped-out. HavokCR (talk) 12:45, 30 September 2010 (UTC -6)

 * Note that, according to the leaked memo, Solaris source code will continue to be licensed under the CDDL, it's just the OpenSolaris development model has been dropped in favour of in-house development and binary releases, followed by source releases. Letdorf (talk) 12:03, 1 October 2010 (UTC).

Origin of zones
The page currently says "Solaris 10 11/06 ("U3") added ... Logical Domains.". However, I'm running a 6/06 ("U2") system with two non-global zones. So the page must be in error. Bhami (talk) 23:20, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Logical Domains (aka Oracle VM for SPARC) is hypervisor-based virtualization for SPARC T-Series processors. Zones (aka Containers) is OS-based virtualization that works on any system running Solaris 10 or later.  Cheers, NapoliRoma (talk) 01:07, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Initial Release of Solaris 10 not listed
Solaris 10's first release was March 2005. This can be verified by googling "solaris 10 release 3/05". I've posted this here (rather than editing the page), as I do not know if this has been brought up before (it does not appear to have been mentioned previously). Xeleema (talk) 23:04, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Solaris 10's initial release date was January 31st, 2005, as the article says. This is unfortunately a little harder to verify than it used to be, now that most of sun.com is gone.
 * It's called "Solaris 10 3/05" because the media kits for that release started shipping in early March, and back then that was the milestone for the "official" release date / name. But the actual OS was released, and support started, at the end of January.--NapoliRoma (talk) 01:42, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * CNET article confirming this: http://news.cnet.com/Sun-releases-Solaris-10-for-free/2100-1016_3-5559021.html --NapoliRoma (talk) 01:46, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

OTN reference in first Para
OTN is an existing Oracle facility (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/index.html), a portal onto lots of Oracle products, so saying "Oracle will also begin a technology partner program, called Oracle Technology Network" is incorrect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.93.25.10 (talk) 15:36, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

Solaris 10 8/11 isn't out
The link it points to is for downloads of Solaris 10 9/10.--70.231.239.39 (talk) 15:10, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Suggest a fix
I am sorry but I think "Only release to support PowerPC platform" changed to "Support PowerPC platform for once" or "This release also supports PowerPC platform for once" might be better. The reason is that first, "Only release to support PowerPC" might mislead some readers to think Solaris 2.5.1 only support PowerPC architecture, or exclusive PowerPC edition. But if fact of all, people ever used it on SPARC and x86 servers too. Second, one might have no ideas about the future, whether it would support PowerPC again. Sorry for my comprehension, so I give this suggestion. Janagewen (talk) 08:14, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

 * I changed it to "The only release that supported PowerPC", because, in fact, we don't have any idea about the future, but we do have an idea about the present, namely that, currently, it is the only release that supported PPC. If some future release supports PPC, we can change it, but, for now, a correct and complete statement is that it is, in fact, the only release to support PPC. Guy Harris (talk) 08:26, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

 * SORRY! OVER AND OUT! Janagewen (talk) 08:33, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

This "future" did already happen in 2006 with support from Sun based on OpenSolaris and made on the Genesi hardware (ODW board). This is why this port nearly finished because Sun did compile the closed source parts. a later OpenSolaris port for System/z was only able to start a simple "init" replacement because even libc could not compiled completely without Sun's help Schily (talk) 10:38, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Not confuse readers between Solaris and Open Solaris! I think the expression used in Wikipedia.org German is much proper, so I change it.Janagewen (talk) 23:19, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

 * I eventually changed it to "The only Solaris Release that supports PowerPC". Here, I capitalized the first letter of word "Release" to emphasizing and it without grammar mistakes in English. Then it would give readers a clear and correct expression! When expressed in "Only release to support PowerPC platform", "release" here is definitively a verb rather than a noun, misleading readers too a lot. So please don't make meaningless changes about this ALREADY expression. Janagewen (talk) 11:00, 24 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Nobody said it was a grammar mistake. It is, however, a capitalization mistake.  We do not emphasize words in English by capitalizing the first letter.  If you want to emphasize a word, italicize it.  And in "only release to support PowerPC platform", "release" is most definitely not a verb rather than a noun, just as in, for example, "only actor to receive two Academy Awards at the same ceremony", "actor" is not a verb. Guy Harris (talk) 16:35, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I believe that he confused two things. One thing is the problem with capitalizing and the other is Solaris vs. OpenSolaris. With the latter, it may help to know that between June 14 2005 and August 18 2010 the Solaris source code used by Sun was of course the same as the OpenSolaris code. The main reason for confusions in this area is that the OpenSolaris community decided that there should never be a distro called "OpenSolaris" because OpenSolaris is the name of the codebase that has the equivalent scope as the main FreeBSD codebase. But Sun's management ignored this in 2008 and decided to promote their distro that originally was called "Indiana" under the name "OpenSolaris". Schily (talk) 19:28, 24 August 2014 (UTC)

 * If it said "Only released to support PowerPC platform", with "ed" at the end to indicate the past participle, it would have been a verb; the more complete version of that sentence would be "Solaris 2.5.1 was only released to support the PowerPC platform", with "released" modifying "Solaris 2.5.1". ("Only release to support PowerPC platform" is a sentence fragment, with the subject being omitted as it's implied by the row in the table being about Solaris 2.5.1.)

 * However, "release", as a verb, would be in the present tense, and would have been grammatically incorrect in "Only release to support PowerPC platform", so in the grammatically-correct interpretation of that sentence, "release" is a noun, as in the more complete forms of that sentence, "Solaris 2.5.1 was the only release to support the PowerPC platform" or "Solaris 2.5.1 was the only release that supported the PowerPC platform". ("Only release to support PowerPC platform" is also a sentence fragment, as it omits the subject.) Guy Harris (talk) 18:49, 24 August 2014 (UTC)

 * OK, YOU ARE COMPLETELY ALRIGHT! IS THAT OK? WIKI IS YOURS! I AM SORRY! Janagewen (talk) 22:17, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Guy Harris, I think you'd better leave chances for other smarter guys, rather than you make nonstop meaningless changes. I wish some other eligible guys, educationed native-English speakers, would give out one excellent expression. Best regards, Janagewen (talk) 23:49, 24 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Please don't shout... BTW: I am convinced that the Guy Harris you are talking to is this person: http://www.linkedin.com/pub/guy-harris/8/6b7/962
 * So he is a former employee from Sun and Auspex (the first NAS company). Schily (talk) 10:37, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Anyhow this is Wikipedia.org, any title or text should not be managed by any company or corporation, and anyone should get the equivalent treatment here too. Schily, anyone's personal information should not be talked here to protect potential privacy. Janagewen (talk) 15:32, 25 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I am sorry to see that you are not interested in a fact based discussion. "Guy Harris" is a real name and no pseudonym that could be disclosed and he does not work for Sun anymore since more than 25 years. BTW: An encyclopedia lives from well informed people instead of people who report things from hearsay. Schily (talk) 16:47, 25 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't care who is who, but I just half-fixed one possibly misleading expression for the word "Solaris" in en.Wikipedia.org. I just wish that other readers could have a clear and definitive knowledge about a meaning fact on Computer Science rather than something else. "Ubuntu" isn't it? HE IS GREAT! Yeah, I do apologize, but everyone is also great! Janagewen (talk) 23:07, 25 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Ubuntu is a village in Africa; our institute brought them internet via a long range WiFi radio link. Regarding other people, I judge based on their doings. The articles about Solaris and OpenSolaris are partially wrong and confusing, but it it hard to make them better or correct as long as there is e.g. the GNUliban that tries to harm everything that is CDDL related. Sun was also responsible for a lot of confusion because they ignored the rules and called the OpenSolaris based distro "Indiana" OpenSolaris. Everbody who is enhancing the articles is course welcome. Schily (talk) 10:26, 26 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Schily, in my last talk, I referred "Ubuntu" as "Ubuntu philosophy". I am sorry for that, I should have made it clear last time. The expression like "Only release to support PowerPC platform" is ok, but might have potential ambiguities. And your modification is excellent but might potentially confuse readers about Solaris and OpenSolaris. I think you might know the relationship between Solaris and OpenSolaris is just like it between StarOffice and OpenOffice.org. OpenSolaris is a community-driven project with initial purpose mimicking the development of RHEL. OpenSolaris is Solaris, but a variant of it exactly. When referring Solaris, people tend to point to the official Solaris release. That's the reason I modified your modification, a sentence translation from German in de.wikipedia.org, keeping its original style on the main artical and leaving the first letter of "Release" capitalized. I have to say, in my view, "Einziges Solaris-Release mit Unterstützung für die PowerPC-Architektur", this noun phrase is excellent and clear, "Only Solaris-Release with Support for the PowerPC-Architecutre" with few or without ambiguities. But now at this moment I agree with Guy Harris's last modification, "The only Solaris release that supports PowerPC". Schily, I have few knowledge about "Indiana", so I just give this explanation about my talk here. Janagewen (talk) 03:04, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

The Last Update for Solaris 9
The last update for Solaris 9 might be Solaris 9 U8. I remember to see it somewhere years ago, but could not find the proof to correct it in the main article. So I just leave it in this talk rather than changing it. I might be wrong. Janagewen (talk) 23:11, 25 August 2014 (UTC)
 * The last publicly downloadable Solaris 9 (not available on oracle website) released for IA-32(x86 but not x86-64 or x64) as Solaris 9 Update 8, but for SPARC/UltraSPARC as Solaris 9 HW905 which means the SPARC counterpart is a bit more update comparing to the IA-32's. There is no evidence to prove that Solaris 9 HW 905 is the Solaris 9 Update 9, so I make this slightly change. If I am wrong, I do apologize, but before reverting my change please offer enough proof. Janagewen (talk) 23:45, 29 August 2014 (UTC)

Supported architectures
It might be noted that Solaris 2.6 was the first release capable of being booted into 64-bit mode, though the default at the time was still 32-bit (as the article correctly states, 64-bit mode as default was introduced in Solaris 7). The implication of the optional 64-bit boot in Solaris 2.6 was that 64-bit applications could be run on it as well.217.232.148.200 (talk) 13:04, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

 * This is definitely an unverified claim. 64 Bit support was added starting in September 1996 in the Solaris 7 development period. Given the fact that Sun started to sell 64 bit hardware in 1994, people have been very interested in running a 64 bit OS on this hardware but Solaris 7 was the first OS to support the 64 bit mode. Schily (talk) 13:59, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Solaris (operating system). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20150925110058/http://jaris.jp/index2.html to http://jaris.jp/index2.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:56, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I think that link was too recent - it went to a page that didn't look as if it were promoting an OS, it looked like a page of ads - so I went with an older archived page. Guy Harris (talk) 20:10, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

with efforts underway to port to additional platforms
re: alternative architectures mentioned in the Lede "Solaris supports SPARC-based and x86-based workstations and servers from Oracle and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms." Otherwise, Oracle is not actively porting Oracle Solaris to alternative architectures. 58.164.0.17 (talk) 01:18, 19 January 2018 (UTC)
 * 1) If these efforts underway are for unofficial, open source derivative projects that needs to be explicitly stated in this sentence.
 * 2) If these efforts underway are for IBM System z then the tense is wrong.
 * 3) If these porting efforts underway are genuine Oracle endeavours despite them discontinuing the open source initiative and discontinuing employment of the official Solaris commercial developers, we need a source reference to demonstrate this claim is current and active.

 * That claim dates back at least as far as this 2007 pre-Oracle, post-open-sourcing-of-Solaris version, so it probably refers to ports during the Open Solaris era, and is now out-of-date for Oracle Solaris, and now would refer only to ports of the open-source forks. Guy Harris (talk) 02:02, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

Comments about ongoing development
I see an anonymous editor has posted about the Sun staff layoffs, using a somewhat unreliable journalist as a source for reported comments by Simon Phipps. If you look at his own words they are more nuanced and consequently less open to the "untrue" accusation. It's not instantly obvious to me how to represent that without greatly expanding the text, but what's there now is almost certainly incorrect. ClareTheSharer (talk) 15:59, 23 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Good call. Solaris 11.4 beta is now available, so it certainly looks like someone's still working on it! 58.168.36.55 (talk) 08:39, 10 May 2018 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:28, 21 September 2022 (UTC)
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Screenshot
Screenshot probably needs an update to show the latest version. Chifonr (talk) 19:09, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oracle Solaris


text:
God's Favorite

God's Favorite is a play by Neil Simon, loosely based on the Biblical Book of Job. It was produced on Broadway in 1974.

Production
Produced by Emanuel Azenberg, the play opened on Broadway at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on December 11, 1974 and closed on March 23, 1975, after 119 performances and seven previews. Directed by Michael Bennett with Assistant Director Bob Avian, the cast featured Vincent Gardenia (Joe Benjamin), Maria Karnilova (Rose Benjamin), and Charles Nelson Reilly (Sidney Lipton). Scenic design was by William Ritman, costumes were by Joseph G. Aulisi and lighting was by Tharon Musser.

Plot overview
The setting of the play is a Long Island mansion. The household consists of a pious, God-fearing tycoon named Joe Benjamin and his family: a long-suffering wife, Rose, a prodigal son, David, a pair of unique and quirky twins, Ben and Sarah, and the maid and butler, Mady and Morris. One night a messenger from God, Sidney Lipton (with a big G on his sweatshirt ) arrives, and, as in the biblical story, goes through all manner of temptations to get Joe Benjamin to renounce God. When he refuses, he is visited by all the afflictions imaginable. He stands firm and the messenger has to admit defeat.

Reception
Clive Barnes, in his review for The New York Times wrote: "... this may be Mr. Simon's most imaginative play, it is not one of his better works. Not only is the opening slow, but also the ending is anticlimactic. If you have exploited tragedy for its humor, how do you get around a happy ending? ... More than any other Simon play, God's Favorite depends heavily on its staging and setting. Michael Bennett's direction lets all God break loose. ... William Ritman's collapsing mansion is some of the most fiendish theatrical real estate we have seen in years."

Thomas S. Hischak (Professor of Performing Arts, SUNY Cortland) wrote that Simon had been writing about "serious issues" in his last several plays, but "stumbled awkwardly" with God's Favorite. Hischak described the play as a "modern version of the story of Job that moved into schtick the closer it edged to genuine grief". Hischak noted that Simon had said that the play was written "as a reaction to his wife's untimely death from cancer".

The pre-production of God's Favorite was chronicled on a January 1975 edition of the CBS News program 60 Minutes.

title: God's Favorite


text:
Talk:List of Governors-General of Chosen

I moved the material on this page to Rulers of Korea for the sake of consistency.

--Sewing 19:05, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)


text:
Seton Hall (disambiguation)

Seton Hall University is a four-year University with its main campus and schools located in South Orange, New Jersey.

Seton Hall may also refer to:
 * Seton Hall Preparatory School, a private High School with its main campus in West Orange, New Jersey
 * Elizabeth Ann Seton (aka Mother Seton, 1774–1821), founder of a Catholic girls school in Emmitsburg, Maryland and the Sisters of Charity Roman Catholic order

title: Seton Hall (disambiguation)


text:
Zero Patience

Zero Patience is a 1993 Canadian musical film written and directed by John Greyson. The film examines and refutes the urban legend of the alleged introduction of HIV to North America by a single individual, Gaëtan Dugas. Dugas, better known as Patient Zero, was the target of blame in the popular imagination in the 1980s in large measure because of Randy Shilts's American television film docudrama, And the Band Played On (1987), a history of the early days of the AIDS epidemic. Zero Patience tells its story against the backdrop of a romance between a time-displaced Sir Richard Francis Burton and the ghost of "Zero" (the character is not identified by Dugas' name).

Produced in partnership with the Canadian Film Centre, the Canada Council, Telefilm Canada and the Ontario Film Development Corporation, Zero Patience opened to mixed reviews but went on to win a number of prestigious Canadian film awards. The film has been the subject of critical attention in the context of both film theory and queer theory, and is considered part of the informal New Queer Cinema movement.

Plot summary
Victorian adventurer and sexologist Sir Richard Francis Burton (John Robinson), following an "unfortunate encounter" with the Fountain of Youth in 1892, is 170 years old and living in Toronto, Canada. Burton, now living and working as the chief taxidermist at a museum of natural history, is searching for a centerpiece display for an exhibit in his Hall of Contagion. He comes up with the idea of featuring AIDS and the Patient Zero hypothesis. Accepting the popular belief that Zero introduced the virus to North America, Burton sets out to collect video footage from those who knew Zero to support the hypothesis. When Zero's doctor (Brenda Kamino), mother (Charlotte Boisjoli) and former airline colleague Mary (Dianne Heatherington), who is now with ACT UP, all refuse to demonize Zero, Burton manipulates the footage to make it appear as if they do and includes doctored photographs of Zero showing signs of Kaposi's sarcoma. He presents this preliminary version to the press.

The ghost of Zero (Normand Fauteux) materializes at a local gay bathhouse. No one can see or hear him, until Zero runs into Burton while Burton is spying on Zero's friend George. Zero realizes that Burton can see him, although Zero does not show up on Burton's video camera. The two strike a deal; Zero agrees to help Burton with his Patient Zero exhibit if Burton finds a way to make Zero appear.

The two return to the museum where Burton makes a ridiculous attempt to seduce Zero to ensure his participation. Rejecting his advances, Zero examines some of the other exhibits (including displays on Typhoid Mary and the Tuskegee syphilis study) before finding an African green monkey, another suspected early AIDS vector. The monkey (Marla Lukofsky) angrily denounces Zero for scapegoating her just as he has been scapegoated. Zero turns to Burton and they make love.

Under pressure from his director and the exhibit's drug manufacturer sponsor, Burton steals Zero's medical records in hopes of discovering new information. Zero and Burton examine an old blood sample of Zero's under a microscope and discover Miss HIV (Michael Callen), who points out that the original study that was used to label Patient Zero as the first person to bring HIV to North America did not prove any such thing, but instead helped prove that HIV was sexually transmitted, leading to the development of safer sex practices. Under this interpretation, Zero could be lauded as a hero for his candor in participating in that original study. As Burton ponders this, an unknown fluid squirts from the eye pieces of the microscope, drenching Zero and making him appear on video. He joyously declares his innocence on tape but the effect only lasts five minutes before he fades away again. Zero angrily accuses Burton of not caring for him at all and only wanting to use him for the exhibit, then storms out.

Burton fails to complete the revised Patient Zero exhibit before its scheduled opening date. The museum curator substitutes the original presentation instead over Burton's protests, leading to a renewed rush of press scapegoating Zero. The night after the exhibit opens, Mary and other ACT UP members break into the Hall of Contagion and trash the exhibit. Zero returns and Burton explains that he tried to stop the exhibit. Zero forgives Burton but says he wants to disappear again completely. Zero merges with his disfigured video image and, smoking a cigarette inside the video, sets off the fire alarm. The sprinklers destroy the video player and Zero vanishes.

A major subplot involves George (Richardo Keens-Douglas), a French teacher and former intimate of Zero's. George is losing his sight to cytomegalovirus and is taking a drug that is manufactured by a company that, as a member of ACT UP, George is protesting. George struggles through the film to resolve his conflicted feelings over this, his guilt over abandoning Zero during the final days of his illness and his fear that the same thing will happen to him.

Cast

 * John Robinson as Sir Richard Burton
 * Normand Fauteux as Zero
 * Dianne Heatherington as Mary
 * Richardo Keens-Douglas as George
 * Charlotte Boisjoli as Maman, Zero's mother
 * Brenda Kamino as Dr. Cheng, Zero's doctor
 * Michael Callen as Miss HIV
 * Marla Lukofsky as African Green Monkey
 * Von Flores as Ray (ACT UP member)
 * Scott Hurst as Michael (ACT UP member)
 * Duncan McIntosh as Ross (ACT UP member)

Real-life television journalist Ann Medina has a brief role as a television reporter. Co-producer Louise Garfield makes a cameo appearance playing a virus, co-producer Anna Stratton appears as a drug company executive and composer Glenn Schellenberg plays a bathhouse attendant.

Production
John Greyson became interested in offering a counterpoint to the Patient Zero story as early as 1987, when the Patient Zero meme began entering the public consciousness following the publication of Randy Shilts's book And the Band Played On. The book described the cluster study which led to the popular identification of flight attendant Gaëtan Dugas as the vector through which HIV was first brought to North America. Shilts himself never claimed that Dugas was the first. In early 1991 Greyson was given a development grant for the script from the Canadian Film Centre, of which Greyson is an alumnus. Over the next year Greyson, in collaboration with Film Centre partners Louise Garfield and Anna Stratton, continued to develop the script, eventually presenting it with producer Alexandra Raffé in a workshop format. During the first half of 1992, the production team secured additional development funding from the Canada Council, Telefilm Canada and the Ontario Film Development Corporation. By June of that year the script and the songs were completed and that autumn, with funds from the Telefilm Canada and OFDC grants along with revenue from the sale of British broadcast rights to Channel 4, pre-production and casting got underway. Principal photography began in November 1992 and wrapped after five weeks. Sneak previews took place at the Seattle International Film Festival and a number of LGBT film festivals across the United States before its official debut in September 1993 at Toronto's Festival of Festivals.

In dedicating the film's soundtrack album to performer and AIDS activist Michael Callen and other friends they had lost to the disease, Greyson, composer Glenn Schellenberg and producers Garfield and Stratton explained their reasons for making the film. "We wanted to explode the opportunistic myth of Patient Zero....More importantly, we wanted to celebrate the courage and sass of an international AIDS activist movement that has tirelessly fought for the rights of people living with AIDS."

Critical reception
Zero Patience garnered mixed critical reaction. The Austin Chronicle cited a "murky plot, frequently weak acting and often mediocre music" while still praising the film's "spunk, humor, enthusiasm and wit." The Washington Post compared Zero Patience unfavorably to Hollywood's big-budget, big-star AIDS-themed film, Philadelphia, claiming that the latter's protagonist Andrew Beckett "looked sick, dealt with his illness and allowed the audience to sympathize," unlike the "healthy hoofers" of the musical who, because they didn't look sick enough, "[seem] to deny some of the grim realities" of the disease. In a contrary favorable opinion, London's Time Out Film Guide praised the film for "slyly inverting popular wisdom" to "offer a sassy commentary on the epidemic of blame" and calling Zero Patience "a film which engages your mind as much as your heart, and leaves you laughing." Similarly, The New York Times lauded the film's "loopy buoyancy," praising the songs as a "bouncy stylistic hybrid of Gilbert and Sullivan, Ringo Starr, The Kinks and the Pet Shop Boys."

Zero Patience was honored as the Best Canadian Film and Best Ontario Feature at the 1993 Cinéfest and was awarded a Special Jury Citation as Best Canadian Feature Film at the 1993 Festival of Festivals. Greyson dedicated his award to the memory of Jay Scott, the influential film critic who had died of AIDS a few months earlier.

Director Greyson and composer Glenn Schellenberg were nominated for a 1993 Genie Award for Best Original Song for the film's theme song, "Zero Patience."

Queer theory
In examining the film from a queer theory perspective, author Michele Aaron cites Zero Patience as definitional of one of the New Queer Cinema's central attitudes, the "def[iance] of cinematic convention in terms of form, content and genre." Aaron goes on to cite the film's musical format as "further subvert[ing] the ways we might expect to be 'entertained' by such serious matters as AIDS, media representation, and the legacy of moralism and sexuality." Feminist academic and AIDS video producer Alexandra Juhasz puts forth the film as "an effective critique of the silly sensationalism used in much reportage of AIDS science [that] fights melodrama and tabloid journalism—with melodrama and tabloid journalism." Not all such critical commentary has been positive, with openly gay film scholar Robin Wood (who saw the film when someone very close to him was in the final stages of AIDS) calling the film "misguided on the levels both of conception and execution."

Year-end lists

 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Jimmy Fowler, Dallas Observer

Soundtrack
The Zero Patience soundtrack was released in 1994. Produced by John Switzer, it includes all of the songs and several pieces of incidental music, along with two remixes of the film's title song.

Track listing

 * 1) "Zero Patience [Moulton Lava Club Remix]"
 * 2) "Arabian Nights" - Instrumental
 * 3) "Just Like Scheherazade" - Zero
 * 4) "Culture of Certainty" - Richard Burton
 * 5) "Pop-A-Boner" - Bathhouse trio
 * 6) "Control" - Mary and ACT UP
 * 7) "George's Theme" - Instrumental
 * 8) "Pop-A-Boner [Reprise #1]" - Bathhouse trio
 * 9) "Butthole Duet" - Richard Burton and Zero
 * 10) "Positive" - George and schoolchildren
 * 11) "Drowning Sailors' Theme" - Instrumental
 * 12) "Love Theme" - Instrumental
 * 13) "Contagious" - African Green Monkey
 * 14) "Pop-A-Boner [Reprise #2]" - Bathhouse trio
 * 15) "Scheherazade (Miss HIV)" - Miss HIV
 * 16) "Six or Seven Things" - Richard Burton and Zero
 * 17) "Zero Patience" - Principal cast
 * 18) "Scheherazade (Tell a Story)" - Principal cast
 * 19) "Zero Patience [Extended Burn Remix]"

title: Zero Patience