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Soulpepper

Soulpepper is a theater company based in Toronto, Ontario.

History
Soulpepper was founded in 1998 on Earth by twelve Toronto artists aiming to produce lesser-known theatrical classics. It often presents Canadian interpretations of works by noted playwrights such as Harold Pinter, Thornton Wilder, Samuel Beckett, Tom Stoppard and Anton Chekhov.

Soulpepper's founding members are Martha Burns, Susan Coyne, Ted Dykstra, Michael Hanrahan, Stuart Hughes, Diana Leblanc, Diego Matamoros, Nancy Palk, Albert Schultz, Robyn Stevan, William Webster, and Joseph Ziegler.

In 2005, the Soulpepper Theater Company moved into its permanent building, the Young Centre for the Performing Arts. The joint project with the George Brown College theater school was designed by local firm KPMB Architects and is located in Toronto's historic Distillery District.

In January 2018, founding artistic director Albert Schultz was publicly accused of sexual misconduct by four professional actresses who worked with him at Soulpepper. The women involved are Kristin Booth, Diana Bentley, Hannah Miller and Patricia Fagan. Lawsuits on their behalf were filed against both Schultz and Soulpepper. Schultz resigned his position as artistic director on January 4, 2018. The lawsuits were settled out of court in July 2018.

The Academy
Soulpepper Theatre Company aims to contribute to the growth of upcoming generations of theatre artists via the Soulpepper Academy. The Academy, which began in 2006, is a full-time, paid training program. After a nationwide search, eight artists are selected to participate in a one-year residency. During this time, they refine their abilities under the guidance of esteemed theatre practitioners, advance their careers by engaging in Soulpepper productions, offer instruction in local community classrooms, act as mentors to young individuals, and collaborate on collective creative ventures.

The Soulpepper Academy program is divided into two phases. The first is focused on training and pedagogy, while the second shifts to performance/production with ongoing training. The Academy was on hold and under review in 2018, but has since resumed.

Dora Mavor Moore Awards

 * Parfumerie: Outstanding Production (2010)
 * Parfumerie; Outstanding Direction of a Play/Musical, Morris Panych (2010)
 * Parfumerie; Outstanding Original Set Design, Ken MacDonald (2010)
 * Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?; Outstanding Performance by a Male in a Principal Role, Diego Matamoros (2010)
 * A Raisin in the Sun; Outstanding Performance in a Leading Role, Alison Sealy-Smith (2009)
 * Top Girls: Outstanding Direction of a Play, Alisa Palmer (2008)
 * The Time of Your Life: Outstanding Performance in a Leading Role, Joseph Ziegler (2008)
 * The Time of Your Life: Outstanding Performance in a Featured Role, Stuart Hughes (2008)
 * Leaving Home: Outstanding Performance in a Featured Role, Jane Spidell (2007)
 * Our Town: Outstanding Production of a Play (2006)
 * Translations: Outstanding Performance in a Featured Role, Michael Simpson (2005)
 * No Man's Land: Outstanding Performance, William Hutt (2003)
 * The Bald Soprano/The Lesson: Outstanding Direction of a Play, Jim Warren (2001)
 * Platonov: Best Production; Outstanding Performance, Diego Matamoros (2000)
 * Platonov: Outstanding Direction of a Play, László Marton (1999)
 * Endgame: Best Production; Outstanding Sound Design, Richard Feren (1999)

Other awards

 * 2015 - Premier's Awards for Excellence in the Arts, Arts Organization Award
 * 2008 - DareArts Foundation Cultural Award to Albert Schultz, in recognition of his outstanding work in empowering and educating at-risk youth
 * 2006 - Toronto Arts Council Foundation William Kilbourn Award to Albert Schultz, for contribution to the cultural life of the city
 * 2006 - City of Toronto Barbara Hamilton Memorial Award to Albert Schultz, recognizing excellence and professionalism in the performing arts
 * 2005 - City of Toronto Barbara Hamilton Memorial Award to Martha Burns
 * 2004 - Leonardo da Vinci Award for creativity & innovation in the arts, to Albert Schultz
 * 2003 - Salute to the City Award, for outstanding contribution to the cultural life of Toronto, to Albert Schultz
 * 2002 - Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal, for outstanding contributions to the community, to Albert Schultz
 * 2002 - Arts and Letters Club Award to Susan Coyne & Albert Schultz, recognizing worthy members of the artistic community
 * 2001 - Joan Chalmers National Award for Artistic Direction, to Albert Schultz
 * 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003 - Lieutenant Governor's Awards for the Arts, recognizing achievement in fundraising
 * 1999 - Mayor Mel and Marilyn's Youth Award, for mentoring emerging artists or youth

title: Soulpepper


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Lake pigment

A lake pigment is a pigment made by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, or mordant, usually a metallic salt. Unlike vermilion, ultramarine, and other pigments made from ground minerals, lake pigments are organic. Manufacturers and suppliers to artists and industry frequently omit the lake designation in the name. Many lake pigments are fugitive because the dyes involved are not lightfast. Red lakes were particularly important in Renaissance and Baroque paintings; they were often used as translucent glazes to portray the colors of rich fabrics and draperies.

Etymology
The term lake is derived from the term lac, the secretions of the Indian wood insect Kerria lacca (formerly Laccifer lacca or Coccus lacca). It has the same root as the word lacquer, and comes originally from the Hindi word lakh, through the Arabic word lakk and the Persian word lak.

Chemistry

Many lake pigments are azo dyes. They characteristically have sulfonate and sometimes carboxylate substituents, which confer negative charge to the chromophore (colored species).

The metallic salts or binders used are typically colourless or almost so. The organic component of the dye determines the color of the resulting precipitate. In ancient times chalk, white clay, and crushed bones were used as sources of the calcium salts. Today metallic salts are typically chromium or cobalt, and the resulting lake pigment is diluted with an inert material such as alumina.

History and art

Lake pigments have a long history in decoration and the arts. Some have been produced for thousands of years and traded over long distances.

The red lakes were particularly important in the history of art; because they were translucent, they were often used in layers of glazes over a more opaque red (sometimes the mineral-based pigment vermilion, or sometimes a red lake mixed with lead white or vermilion) to create a deep, rich red color. They are common in paintings by Venetian artists of the 16th century, including Titian, to depict fine draperies and fabrics.

 * Indigo lake was originally produced from the leaves of woad, and was known in ancient Egypt. In the late Middle Ages, a fashion for woad as a textile dye led to overplanting and soil exhaustion in many parts of Europe. After trade routes opened to the east, indigo was imported from India as a substitute for woad, and the cultivation of woad became uneconomical in Europe. Today, the dark blue dye known as indigo once produced from woad and Indigofera tinctoria is largely of synthetic origin.
 * Rose madder lake, originally from the root of the madder plant, is also known as alizarin crimson in its synthetic form. Since rose madder is fugitive when exposed to light, its use has been largely superseded, even in synthetic form, by quinacridone pigments.
 * Carmine lake, also called crimson lake, was originally produced from the cochineal insect, native to Central and South America. When the Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire (1518–1521), they encountered Aztec warriors garbed in an unknown crimson color. Cochineal became their second most valuable export from the New World, after silver, and the Spanish zealously guarded the secret of its production for centuries. Carminic acid, the organic compound which gives carmine its color, was synthesized in 1991. Researchers are now examining the potential to genetically engineer microbes to produce carminic acid.

Indigo and rose madder are now produced more cheaply from synthetic sources, although some use of natural products persists, especially among artisans. The food and cosmetics industries have shown renewed interest in cochineal as a source of natural red dye.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lake pigment


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User:Nightly~enwiki

Hi !

title: User:Nightly~enwiki


text:
User talk:Nightly~enwiki

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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Nightly. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Nightly~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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title: User talk:Nightly~enwiki


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Lake (disambiguation)

a lake is an enclosed geographical body of fresh water.

Lake may also refer to:

 * Lake pigment, a pigment manufactured by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, or "mordant", usually a metallic salt

People

 * Lake (surname), includes a list of notable people with the surname
 * Handsome Lake (1735–1815), Iroquois religious leader
 * Lake Bell (born 1979), American actress
 * Lake Sagaris (born 1956), Canadian writer, urban planner, translator, and community leader
 * Lake Speed (born 1948), American NASCAR driver
 * Raven Lake, Canadian wrestler active 1993–2014, mother of Bambi Hall
 * Lake (Infinity Train), a fictional character in the television series Infinity Train

Places

 * Greenland
 * Lake Fjord
 * United Kingdom
 * Lake, Isle of Wight
 * Lake, Wiltshire
 * United States
 * Lake, Idaho
 * Lake, Kentucky
 * Lake, Louisiana
 * Lake, Maryland
 * Lake, Michigan (disambiguation), several places
 * Lake, Mississippi
 * Lake, Missouri
 * Lake, Oklahoma
 * Lake, Virginia
 * Lake, West Virginia
 * Lake, Wisconsin (disambiguation), several places

Entertainment and media

 * Lake (German band), a music group from Germany in the 1970s and 1980s
 * Lake (album), an album by the band
 * Lake (American band), lo-fi pop band from Olympia, Washington state
 * Lake (video game), a 2021 Narrative-adventure video game by Gamious
 * WLKO, a radio station licensed to Hickory, North Carolina, United States which calls itself "102.9 the Lake"
 * WMYI, a radio station licensed to Hendersonville, North Carolina, United States which calls itself "102.5 the Lake"

Other uses

 * Lake Aircraft

title: Lake (disambiguation)


text:
Megabit

The megabit is a multiple of the unit bit for digital information. The prefix mega (symbol M) is defined in the International System of Units (SI) as a multiplier of 106 (1 million), and therefore
 * 1 megabit = 106 bits = 1  000  000  bits = 1000 kilobits.

The megabit has the unit symbol Mbit or Mb. The lowercase 'b' in Mb distinguishes it from MB (for megabyte).

The megabit is closely related to the mebibit, a unit multiple derived from the binary prefix mebi (symbol Mi) of the same order of magnitude, which is equal to 220 bits = 1  048  576  bits, or approximately 5% larger than the megabit. Despite the definitions of these new prefixes for binary-based quantities of storage by international standards organizations, memory semiconductor chips are still marketed using the metric prefix names to designate binary multiples.

Using the common byte size of eight bits and the standard decimal definition of megabit and kilobyte, 1 megabit is equal to 125 kilobytes (kB) or approximately 122 kibibytes (KiB).

The megabit is widely used when referring to data transfer rates of computer networks or telecommunications systems. Network transfer rates and download speeds often use the megabit as the amount transferred per time unit, e.g., a 100 Mbit/s (megabit per second) Fast-Ethernet connection, or a 10 Mbit/s Internet access service, whereas the sizes of data units (files) transferred over these networks are often measured in megabytes. To achieve a transfer rate of one megabyte per second one needs a network connection with a transfer rate of eight megabits per second.

Usage

 * In telecommunications, the base 10 definition of the unit (one million bits) is standard.
 * In the semiconductor industry, it is still common practice to designate random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM) in a binary interpretation of the metric prefixes, such as the megabit, so that one megabit represents 220 bits=1  048  576  bits.   For example, a single discrete DDR3 chip specified at "512 Mb" contains 229 bits = 536  870  912  bits = 512 Mibit (approximately 536.87 Mbit) of storage, or 67  108  864  8-bit bytes, variously referred to as either 64 mebibytes or 64 (binary) megabytes.
 * During the 16-bit game console era, the megabit (Mb) was a commonly used measure of the size (computer data storage capacity) of game cartridges. This size represented one mebibit (Mibit). The vast majority of SNES and Mega Drive (Genesis) games were produced on 8 megabit cartridges, although other sizes such as 4, 12, 16, 24, 32, and 48 Mb cartridges appeared. This usage continued on the Nintendo 64, with cartridge sizes ranging between 32 and 512 Mb.

title: Megabit


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Theobald III, Count of Champagne

Theobald III (Thibaut; 13 May 1179 – 24 May 1201) was Count of Champagne from 1197 to his death. He was designated heir by his older brother Henry II when the latter went to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade, and succeeded him upon his death. He cooperated closely with his uncle and suzerain King Philip II of France. He died young, and was succeeded by a posthumous son, Theobald IV, while his widow, Blanche of Navarre, ruled as regent.

Family
Theobald III was the younger son of Count Henry I of Champagne and Marie of France. He succeeded as count of Champagne in 1197 upon the death of his older brother Henry II. Theobald married Blanche of Navarre on 1 July 1199 at Chartres. They had two children, a daughter, Marie, and a son, Theobald IV, born after Theobald III's death.

Rule
Charters were written by Theobald and King Philip II of France in September 1198 to dictate the rights of the Jews of the one vis-à-vis the other and to repay debts by Philip to the count of Champagne for the employment of his Jews. These laws were reinforced subsequently in charters that were signed between 1198 and 1231.

In 1198, Pope Innocent III called the Fourth Crusade. There was little enthusiasm for the crusade at first, but on 28 November 1199 various nobles of France gathered at Theobald's court for a tournament (in his castle at Ecry-sur-Aisne), including the preacher Fulk of Neuilly. There, they "took the cross", and elected Theobald their leader, but he died in 1201 and was replaced by Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat.

Following his death on 24 May 1201, Theobald's widow Blanche ruled Champagne as regent for the following 21 years, during which the succession was contested by Theobald's nieces Alice and Philippa, daughters of his predecessor, Henry II. Theobald was buried beside his father, Henry, at the Church of Saint Stephen at Troyes.

title: Theobald III, Count of Champagne


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Albert Schultz

Albert Hamilton Schultz (born July 30, 1963) is a former Canadian actor, director and the founding artistic director of Toronto's Soulpepper Theatre Company. He resigned his position with Soulpepper after sexual allegations against Schultz became public in January 2018.

Education
Albert Hamilton Schultz was born in Port Hope, Ontario, on July 30, 1963. He is the son of Virginia and Peter Schultz, the publisher of the Port Hope Evening Guide. He has an older brother (Henry) and sister (Amanda). His father died of leukemia when he was six, and his mother moved the family to Napanee, Ontario. He grew up in Okotoks, Alberta. Schultz studied drama at Toronto's York University from 1981 to 1982, and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art from 1984 to 1985. He received an honorary doctorate at Queen's University in 2008 and from Bishop's University in 2009, which has since been rescinded.

Theatre
His theatre career as an actor includes several roles at the Stratford Festival, including Romeo in Robin Phillips' production of Romeo and Juliet, and at Soulpepper, including the title roles in Shakespeare's Hamlet, Chekhov's Platonov, and Alan Ayckbourn's The Norman Conquests. He also played the stage manager in Our Town, Henry in The Real Thing, Alceste in The Misanthrope, Vershinin in Three Sisters, Astrov in Uncle Vanya, El Gallo in the musical The Fantasticks, Ricky Roma in Glengarry Glen Ross, Macheath in The Threepenny Opera and Martin in Edward Albee's The Goat..

Television
Schultz's television career includes the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) 1988 film The Squamish Five, the legal drama Street Legal, the medical drama Side Effects, the comedy The Red Green Show (where he played roofer/country singer Arnie Dogan), the musical film Youkali Hotel, and the role of Conrad Black in CTV's Shades of Black: The Conrad Black Story. He was executive producer of the CBC series Kim's Convenience.

Directing
Schultz has directed Soulpepper's productions of: Death of a Salesman, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, Oh, What a Lovely War!, The Caretaker, Waiting for Godot, No Man's Land, A Chorus of Disapproval, The Time of Your Life, Angels in America, Parts I and II, Amadeus, and Of Human Bondage. He also co-created and directed Soulpepper's musical adaptation of Spoon River. He directed Susan Coyne's Kingfisher Days for the Tarragon Theatre.

Awards
Schultz is the recipient of several awards, including: a Gemini Award, several Dora Mavor Moore Awards, Toronto Critics Awards, the Joan Chalmers National Award for Artistic Direction, the Salute to the City Award, the Toronto Life Award, the Barbara Hamilton Memorial Award, the Toronto Arts Council William Kilbourn Award, and the Queen's Jubilee Medal for his work on behalf of UNICEF. In 2013, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for his contributions as a founding member and artistic director of the Soulpepper Theatre Company and for his commitment to training generations of theatre artists." In May 2014, Schultz received the National Arts Centre Award, a companion award of the Governor General's Performing Arts Awards, recognizing work of an extraordinary nature and significance in the performing arts in the past performance year.

Sexual misconduct allegations
In January 2018, Schultz was publicly accused of sexual misconduct by four professional actresses who worked with him at Soulpepper Theatre Company. The women involved are Kristin Booth, Diana Bentley, Hannah Miller and Patricia Fagan. Lawsuits on their behalf were filed against both Schultz and Soulpepper. Schultz resigned his position as artistic director on January 4, 2018, saying: "While I will continue to vigorously defend myself against the allegations that are being made, I have made this decision in the interest of the future of the company into which I poured the last 20 years of my life, and in the interest of the aspirations of the artists and administrators of the company."

On August 1, 2018, representatives of Schultz, Soulpepper and the four female cast members stated that the law suits were settled. No details were released publicly.

Ann-Marie MacDonald has spoken of her time as a Soulpepper production's equity deputy, when she complained about a fundraising event where dinners with female cast members were auctioned off.

title: Albert Schultz


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Narceus americanus

Narceus americanus is a large millipede of eastern North America. Common names include American giant millipede, worm millipede, and iron worm. It inhabits the eastern seaboard of North America west to Georgetown, Texas, north of the Ottine wetlands. It has a nearly cylindrical gray body, reaching a length of 4 in. They can be commonly found in or under decaying logs from March to October. When threatened, they sometimes curl up or release a noxious liquid that contains large amounts of benzoquinones which can cause dermatological burns. This fluid may irritate eyes or skin. Many other millipedes secrete hydrogen cyanide, and while there have also been claims that N. americanus releases hydrogen cyanide, they are unsubstantiated. They do, however, excrete a substance that causes a temporary, non-harmful discoloration of the skin known as millipede burn.

Diet
N. americanus are detritivores, primarily consuming decaying wood and leaf litter. They have also been found to feed on deer scat and fresh fruit, preferring these to their typical diet when given the choice. Most feeding activity occurs at night.

Behavior
Though capable of releasing irritating and foul-smelling liquid from ozopores when aggressively disturbed, they can typically be safely handled by humans and are not uncommon on the arthropod pet market.

Their cuticle is somewhat water permeable, so they seek out damp or humid environments and have exhibited specific behaviors in response to desiccation stress. If exposed to a dry or actively desiccating environment, they will first expend energy trying to find a more favorable environment, and if this fails they reflexively curl into the typical defensive position. This position closes spiracles located at the base of legs, preventing further water loss. From a partially dehydrated state they can reabsorb moisture from high-humidity air, but moisture-rich food is necessary for complete recovery to a fully hydrated state. Molting while burrowed into the ground or into rotting wood can also be a response to chronic dehydrating conditions.

==== Burrowing ==== Burrowing is initiated by the millipede picking up sediment grains with its mandibles and using legs to pass them along its body segments, where the sediment is then deposited at the posterior end of the body. This process from start to finish can take anywhere between five and sixty minutes, depending on the size of the burrow and qualities of the soil.

Burrows can be used as temporary or more permanent dwellings, and are used to escape dry or cold surface conditions. Millipedes will typically spend non-feeding time in their burrows, which is why they are difficult to find during the day. Molting is almost exclusively done in burrows.

Reproduction
The average lifespan of these millipedes is unknown, but they can live up to eleven years in captivity or in the wild. Sexual maturity is not reached until 1–2 years of age.

Mating occurs at the beginning of spring through to early summer. Males mate via transfer of a spermatophore, and females are able to store this sperm to fertilize eggs at a later time. Other millipede species may lay 20–300 eggs, but N. americanus lay just one egg in a nest made of chewed leaf litter and excrement. The female millipede will wrap herself around the egg and nest until it hatches several weeks later, producing a millipede with seven body segments and only three leg pairs. The number of body segments and leg pairs are increased with each molting, and there is no parental investment after egg hatching.

title: Narceus americanus


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Tigrosa aspersa

Tigrosa aspersa is a large (up to one-inch (25 mm) body length) wolf spider that inhabits the eastern United States. Compared to its close relative Tigrosa helluo, T. aspersa is much larger. This species was known as Hogna aspersa prior to 2012, when it was moved to Tigrosa.

A different species (Lycosa implacida) was named Lycosa aspersa in 1849 by Nicolet by accident.

title: Tigrosa aspersa


text:
List of locomotive builders

A locomotive is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. This list of locomotive builders is ordered by country and includes current and defunct builders. Many of the companies changed names over time; this list attempts to give the most recognisable name, generally the one used for the longest time or during the company's best-known period.

Active companies

 * Grupo Emepa
 * Material Ferroviario

Defunct companies

 * Astarsa
 * Fábrica Argentina de Locomotoras
 * GAIA

Australia
Australia imported its locomotives from the United Kingdom and United States until domestic production began, and even afterwards built many with U.S. and British mechanical equipment.

Active companies

 * Alstom, Dandenong
 * Downer Rail, Cardiff, Maryborough & Newport
 * UGL Rail, Broadmeadow formerly United Group Rail, United Goninan and A Goninan
 * Alstom, Ballarat, Newport, Epping, North Ryde, Perth, Brisbane

Defunct companies

 * AE Goodwin, Granville
 * Avteq, Sunshine
 * Cardiff Locomotive Workshops
 * Chullora Railway Workshops
 * Clyde Engineering, Granville, Kelso, Somerton, Eagle Farm, Rosewater & Forrestfield, taken over by Evans Deakin Industries July 1996, became part of Downer Rail in March 2001
 * Comeng, Clyde, Dandenong & Bassendean
 * EM Baldwin, Castle Hill (not the American company) - built mainly small sugar cane and mining tram engines
 * English Electric Australia, Rocklea
 * Evans, Anderson, Phelan & Co, Kangaroo Point
 * Eveleigh Railway Workshops, Redfern
 * Islington Railway Workshops
 * James Martin & Company, Gawler
 * Martin & King, Somerton
 * Midland Railway Workshops, Perth
 * Mine Technic Australia
 * Morrison-Knudsen Australia
 * National Railway Equipment Company, Islington
 * North Ipswich Railway Workshops
 * Perry Engineering, Mile End
 * Phoenix Engine Company, Ipswich
 * Springall & Frost, Ipswich
 * Tulloch Limited, Rhodes
 * Walkers Limited, Maryborough

Azerbaijan

 * Baku Carriage Repair Factory
 * Baku Metro
 * STP-Wagon-Building Factory

Active companies

 * Alstom Charleroi – formerly ACEC Transport
 * Bombardier Transportation Brugge – formerly BN-Eurorail, formerly La Brugeoise et Nivelles
 * John Cockerill - former CMI

Defunct companies

 * Ateliers de Tubize
 * Ateliers de la Meuse
 * Société Anglo-Franco-Belge

Brazil

 * Companhia Brasileira de Materiais Ferroviários
 * Mafersa
 * EIF
 * EMD (Progress Rail/ Caterpillar)
 * Wabtec (formerly GE Transportation)

Bulgaria

 * Express Service

Active companies

 * Bombardier Transportation – Berlin-based division of Alstom (no locomotives produced in Canada)
 * Railpower Technologies – Vancouver, British Columbia – subsidiary of R.J. Corman Railroad Group since 2009

Defunct companies

 * Canadian Locomotive Company – Kingston, Ontario – Fairbanks-Morse (Canada) Ltd 1965 and ceased operations 1969
 * General Motors Diesel Division – London, Ontario – later as Electro-Motive Diesel Canadian operations and ceased production by Progress Rail in 2012
 * Montreal Locomotive Works – Montreal, Quebec – formerly part of American Locomotive Company, acquired by Bombardier Inc in 1975 but ended locomotive production 1985
 * Urban Transportation Development Corporation – Toronto, Ontario – former Crown corporation

Chile

 * Casagrande Motori

Active companies

 * CRRC

Defunct companies

 * China CNR - merged into CRRC
 * CSR Corporation - merged into CRRC

Croatia

 * Končar

Czech Republic

 * ČKD (Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk)
 * CZ LOKO
 * Škoda Transportation
 * Škoda Works

Denmark

 * ABB
 * Frichs
 * Pedershaab
 * Triangel

Finland

 * Lokomo
 * Rautaruukki Oyj
 * Saalasti Oy
 * Škoda Transtech
 * Tampella
 * Valmet
 * Valtionrautatiet (Finnish State Railways)

Commercial manufacturers

 * Alcard, Buddicom et Cie.
 * Alsthom (now Alstom)
 * Anciens Établissements Cail – 1883–1898, became SFCM
 * André Koechlin et Cie. – to SACM in 1872
 * Ateliers du Nord de la France (ANF) – also known as Blanc-Misseron; acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 1989
 * Brissonneau & Lotz – acquired by Alstom in 1972
 * Buffault et Robatel
 * Charbonniers et Cie
 * CFD
 * Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt
 * Compagnie Electro-Méchanique – acquired by Alstom in 1985
 * Compagnie générale de construction de locomotives –, Nantes, founded 1917
 * Corpet-Louvet – 1889–1952
 * Etablissment Cavé – to Charbonniers et Cie. in 1854
 * Etablissment Claprède
 * Fives-Lille – merged into Fives-Lille Cail in 1958
 * Schneider-Creusot – now Schneider Electric
 * Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (SACM)
 * – 1836–1848, became Société J. F. Cail & Cie.
 * Société de Construction des Batignolles, Paris – founded 1871, ceased locomotive production 1928, merged into Spie Batignolles in 1968
 * Société française de constructions mécaniques (SFCM) – created in 1898, merged into Fives-Lille Cail in 1958
 * Société Franco-Belge
 * Société J. F. Cail & Cie – 1850–1883, became Anciens Établissements Cail
 * Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée

Railway company workshops

 * Arles (1899–1904) – PLM
 * La Chapelle, Paris – Chemins de Fer du Nord
 * Épernay (1854–1970) – Chemins de fer de l'Est
 * Hellennes, Lille – Chemins de Fer du Nord
 * Ivry – PLM
 * Nîmes (1856–1858) – Chemin de fer de Lyon à la Méditerranée, later Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM)
 * Ouillins (1863–1914) – PLM
 * Paris (1909–1920) – PLM
 * Sotteville, Rouen – Chemins de fer de l'Ouest from 1909)
 * Vilnius locomotive repair depot

Georgia

 * Elmavalmshenebeli (TEVZ)

Active companies

 * Bombardier Transportation
 * Fahrzeugtechnik Dessau
 * Interlock steam
 * Robel Bahnbaumaschinen
 * Schalker Eisenhütte Maschinenfabrik
 * Schöma
 * Siemens Mobility
 * Voith
 * Vossloh
 * Windhoff

Defunct companies

 * Adtranz – now part of Bombardier
 * AEG – now part of Bombardier
 * AG Vulcan Stettin
 * Berliner Maschinenbau
 * Gmeinder
 * Hanomag
 * Henschel - acquired by Adtranz
 * Hohenzollern Locomotive Works
 * Krauss-Maffei
 * Krupp
 * LEW Hennigsdorf – formerly Borsig Lokomotiv Werke, formerly AEG, now part of Bombardier
 * Maschinenbau Kiel (MaK) - acquired by Siemens, now part of Vossloh
 * Maschinenfabrik Esslingen
 * Maschinenfabrik L. Schwartzkopff
 * Orenstein & Koppel
 * Schichau-Werke
 * Waggonfabrik Talbot - now part of Bombardier

Greece

 * Basileiades
 * Skaramagas Hellenic Shipyards Co.
 * Eleuisis Shipyards
 * Siemens Hellas
 * Kioleidis

Hungary

 * Ganz
 * MÁVAG

India

 * Integral Coach Factory
 * BHEL Jhansi, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
 * Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW)
 * Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW)
 * Patiala Locomotive Works
 * Rail Coach Naveenikaran Karkhana, Sonipat
 * Marathwada Rail Coach Factory, Latur
 * Rail Coach Factory (RCF), Bharat Earth Movers Limited
 * Ovis Equipment Pvt Ltd.
 * Railway Engineering Works
 * SAN Engineering & Locomotive Co. Ltd.
 * Medha Servo Drives Pvt Ltd.
 * Raajratna Energy Holdings Private Limited (REHPL)
 * Republic Industrial & Technical Services
 * Tata Motors (TELCO)
 * Titagarh Wagons
 * Electric Locomotive Factory, Madhepura
 * GE Diesel Locomotive Works, Marhaura

Indonesia

 * Industri Kereta Api

Iran

 * MLC (Mapna Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company)
 * Wagon Pars

Active companies

 * Alstom Ferroviaria S.p.A. – Savigliano
 * Bombardier Transportation Italy – Vado Ligure
 * Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly Ansaldo Breda)
 * Firema Trasporti
 * Ipe
 * Valente

Defunct companies

 * Fiat Ferroviaria
 * Officine Casaralta
 * Società Italiana Ernesto Breda - Later Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie, merged with Ansaldo as AnsaldoBreda, now Hitachi Rail Italy
 * Gio. Ansaldo & C. - Merged into AnsaldoBreda, now Hitachi Rail Italy

Japan

 * Hitachi
 * Kawasaki Railcar Manufacturing
 * Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
 * Toshiba
 * Nippon Sharyo
 * J-TREC (former Tokyu Car Co.)
 * Kinki Sharyo
 * Alna Sharyo
 * Niigata Transys

Defunct Companies

 * Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca

Malaysia

 * SMH Rail Sdn Bhd

Active companies

 * Bemo, Warmenhuizen

Defunct companies

 * Allan
 * N.V. Heemaf
 * Spoorijzer
 * Werkspoor

Active companies

 * A & G Price

Defunct companies

 * Dispatch & Garlick
 * EW Mills
 * Gibbons & Harris
 * OW Smith
 * Scott Engineering
 * Union Foundry

North Korea

 * Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works

Pakistan

 * Pakistan Locomotive Factory
 * Equinox

Defunct companies

 * Manila Railroad Company's Caloocan Works — The Manila Railroad once made its own railmotors at the Caloocan yards from 1924 to 1949. It also assembled two 630 class 2-8-2 locomotives with parts acquired from the War Assets Administration in 1948.
 * Ramcar, Inc. — Also constructed and assembled railmotors alongside the MRR. Although it still survives as the Ramcar Group of Companies, its rolling stock business ended during World War II.

Active companies

 * Bombardier Transportation
 * Bumar
 * Fablok
 * H. Cegielski (Poznań)
 * Newag
 * Pesa

Defunct companies

 * Pafawag – now part of Bombardier

Portugal

 * Sorefame - acquired by ABB, then ADtranz, now part of Bombardier

Romania

 * Electroputere – Craiova RELOC | Passion for locomotives
 * FAUR – Bucharest
 * Promat – Craiova
 * Softronic – Craiova
 * UCM Reşiţa – Reşiţa
 * Romania Euroest S.A. – Constanța

Active Companies

 * Kambarka Engineering Works
 * Kirov Plant
 * Muromteplovoz
 * Sinara Group
 * Kalugaputmash
 * Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant
 * Ural Locomotives
 * Transmashholding
 * Bryansk Machine-Building Plant
 * Demikhovo Machinebuilding Plant
 * Kolomna Locomotive Works
 * Metrowagonmash
 * Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Factory (NEVZ)

Defunct Companies

 * Torzhok Carriage Works
 * Vagonmash

Serbia

 * Goša FOM
 * Mašinska Industrija Niš (MIN)

Slovakia

 * Avokov
 * ZOŠ - Vrútky

South Africa

 * DCD Group
 * Girdlestone Steam
 * Transnet Engineering
 * Union Carriage & Wagon
 * Grindrod Locomotives
 * Prof Pty Ltd Engineers
 * Trident South Africa
 * Prof Pty Ltd Engineers

South Korea

 * Hyundai Rotem
 * Woojin Industrial Systems

Active companies

 * CAF
 * Stadler Rail
 * Talgo

Defunct companies

 * ATEINSA. Became part of the GEC-Alstom group (now Alstom) in 1989.
 * Babcock & Wilcox
 * Euskalduna
 * La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima (MTM). Became part of the GEC-Alstom group (now Alstom) in 1989.
 * MACOSA. Became part of the GEC-Alstom group (now Alstom) in 1989, until 2005 when it became part of the Vossloh group. The plant was sold to Stadler in 2015.

Sweden

 * ASEA – later ABB, later Adtranz; rail business sold to Bombardier in 2001
 * Helsingborgs Mekaniska Verkstad
 * Ljunggrens Verkstad
 * Munktells Mekaniska Verkstad
 * NOHAB

Switzerland

 * Brown, Boveri & Cie – later ABB, later Adtranz; rail business sold to Bombardier in 2001
 * DLM AG, Dampflokomotiv- und Maschinenfabrik AG
 * Ferdinand Steck Maschinenfabrik
 * SIG
 * Stadler Rail
 * Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works (SLM) – closed in 2001, parts taken over by Stadler Rail, DLM and Prose

Taiwan

 * Taiwan Rolling Stock Company

Defunct companies

 * Tang Eng Iron Works (Manufacturing of rolling stock has been ceased and transferred to Taiwan Rolling Stock Co.)

Turkey

 * EUROTEM
 * TÜDEMSAŞ
 * Tülomsaş
 * TÜVASAŞ
 * TÜRKARGE

Ukraine

 * Kriukiv Railway Car Manufacturing Plant
 * Luhanskteplovoz
 * Kharkiv Locomotive Factory (KhPZ)

United Kingdom
Historically, major railways in the United Kingdom built the vast majority of their locomotives. Commercial locomotive builders were called upon when requirements exceeded the railway works' capacity, but these orders were generally to the railways' own designs. British commercial builders concentrated on industrial users, small railway systems, and to a large extent the export market. British-built locomotives were exported around the world, especially to the British Empire. With the almost total disappearance of British industrial railways, the shrinking of the export market and much reduced demand from Britain's railways, few British locomotive builders survive.

Active companies

 * Alan Keef – narrow-gauge diesel/steam locomotives, permanent way
 * Bombardier Transportation – electric multiple units, diesel multiple units; Derby
 * Brush-Barclay – Kilmarnock; part of Wabtec
 * Brush Traction – diesel and electric locomotives; Loughborough; part of Wabtec
 * Clayton Equipment Company – diesel/electric/battery locomotives
 * Cowans Sheldon – railway cranes
 * Exmoor Steam Railway – narrow-gauge steam locomotives
 * Ffestiniog Railway – narrow-gauge steam locomotives and carriages
 * Hitachi Rail – diesel and electric locomotives, carriages
 * Hunslet Engine Company – diesel locomotives, narrow-gauge steam locomotives; part of Wabtec
 * Rhino Industries – narrow-gauge diesel/steam locomotives, new build, maintenance
 * Severn Lamb – narrow gauge diesel/steam/steam outline locomotives, carriages, and track infrastructure
 * Steam Loco Design
 * TMA Engineering – narrow-gauge diesel locomotives

Defunct companies

 * 5AT project – steam for the 21st century
 * Andrew Barclay Sons & Company
 * Armstrong Whitworth
 * Aveling & Porter
 * Avonside Engine Company
 * Baguley Cars - acquired by Drewry Car Company in 1962
 * William Beardmore & Company
 * Beyer, Peacock & Company
 * Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company
 * Black, Hawthorn & Company
 * British Rail Engineering Limited
 * British Electric Vehicles
 * British Thomson-Houston
 * Cravens – multiple units/coaching stock
 * D Wickham & Company
 * Davies & Metcalfe
 * De Winton
 * Drewry Car Company
 * Dübs & Company – to North British Locomotive Company in 1903
 * English Electric
 * FC Hibberd & Company
 * Fletcher Jennings
 * Fox, Walker & Company – became Peckett & Sons in 1880
 * George England & Company
 * Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company – multiple units/coaching stock
 * Grant, Ritchie & Company
 * Greenwood & Batley
 * Hawthorn Leslie & Company – locomotive business sold to Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns in 1937
 * Hudswell Clarke
 * John Fowler & Company
 * Kerr, Stuart & Company
 * Kitson & Company
 * Manning Wardle
 * Metro-Cammell (multiple units/coaching stock)
 * Metropolitan-Vickers
 * Midland Railway Carriage & Wagon Company
 * Motor Rail
 * Muir-Hill
 * Nasmyth, Gaskell & Company
 * Neilson & Company – became Neilson Reid & Company in 1898; to North British Locomotive Company in 1903
 * North British Locomotive Company
 * Peckett & Sons
 * Pressed Steel Company – multiple units/coaching stock
 * R&W Hawthorn – to 1870
 * Ruston & Hornsby
 * Sentinel Waggon Works
 * Robert Stephenson & Company – became Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns in 1937
 * Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns
 * Sharp, Roberts & Company – became Sharp Brothers & Company in 1843; Sharp, Stewart & Company in 1852; to North British Locomotive Company in 1903
 * Stephen Lewin
 * Thomas Hill
 * Tulk and Ley
 * Vulcan Foundry
 * WG Bagnall
 * Walker Brothers
 * Wingrove & Rogers
 * Yorkshire Engine Company

See also:
 * List of British railway-owned locomotive builders
 * List of early British private locomotive manufacturers

Active companies

 * Brookville Equipment Corporation
 * Process Locomotives
 * Colmar
 * Electro-Motive Diesel
 * GE Transportation
 * Harsco Corporation
 * Katiland Trains
 * Kloke Locomotive Works
 * Knoxville Locomotive Works
 * Merrick Light Railway
 * Motive Power & Equipment Solutions
 * National Railway Equipment Company
 * NS Juniata Locomotive Shop (Thoroughbred Mechanical Services)
 * Progress Rail
 * Quality Rail Service Corporation
 * Railserve Leaf
 * RELCO Locomotives
 * Republic Transportation Systems
 * Siemens Mobility
 * Train Rides Unlimited
 * Tweetsie Railroad -official source for Crown Metal Products parts
 * Wabtec
 * Western Train Co Amusement Rides Manufacturer specializing in Locomotives, Carousels, and Railroad Installation
 * Wiese

Defunct companies
In addition to these, many railroads operating steam locomotives built locomotives in their shops. Notable examples include the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Mount Clare Shops, Norfolk & Western's Roanoke Shops, Pennsylvania Railroad's Altoona Works and the Southern Pacific's Sacramento Shops. An estimate of total steam locomotive production in the United States is about 175,000 engines, including nearly 70,000 by Baldwin.

 * Altoona Machine Shops (PRR)
 * American Locomotive Company (ALCO)
 * Amoskeag Locomotive Works
 * Appomattox Locomotive Works – operated by Uriah Wells
 * Atlas Car & Manufacturing Company
 * Baldwin Locomotive Works – later known as Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton
 * Bell Locomotive Works – New York City and Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania
 * Brooks Locomotive Works - to ALCO in 1901
 * Budd Company
 * Burr & Ettinger
 * Miniature Railway Company – also known as Cagney Bros.
 * Cincinnati Locomotive Works – also known as Harkness and as Moore & Richardson
 * Climax Manufacturing Company
 * Cooke Locomotive & Machine Works - began as Danforth Locomotive & Machine Company, later Danforth, Cooke, & Company, to ALCO in 1901
 * Covington Locomotive Works
 * Crown Metal Products
 * Custom Fabricators
 * Davenport Locomotive Works
 * Denmead
 * Dickson Manufacturing Company - to ALCO in 1901
 * Dunkirk Engineering Company
 * Eastwick & Harrison
 * Euclid Road Machinery Company
 * Fairbanks-Morse
 * Globe Locomotive Works
 * Glover Locomotive Works
 * Grant Locomotive Works
 * HK Porter – Smith & Porter, later Porter, Bell & Co.
 * Heisler Locomotive Works
 * Hicks Locomotive and Car Works
 * Hinkley Locomotive Works
 * Hurlbut Amusement Company
 * Ingalls Shipbuilding
 * Kentucky Locomotive Works
 * Lancaster Locomotive Works
 * Lawrence Machine Shop
 * Lima Locomotive Works – later Lima-Hamilton, then Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton
 * Locks and Canals Machine Shop
 * Lowell Machine Shop
 * Manchester Locomotive Works - to ALCO in 1901
 * Mason Machine Works
 * McQueen Locomotive Works
 * Mount Savage Locomotive Works
 * Nashville Manufacturing Company
 * New Castle Manufacturing Company
 * New Jersey Locomotive & Machine Company – began as Swinburne, Smith & Company
 * New York Locomotive Works – also known as Breese, Kneeland & Company
 * Niles & Company
 * Norris Locomotive Works
 * Ottaway Amusement Company
 * Pittsburgh Locomotive & Car Works - to ALCO in 1901
 * Plymouth Locomotive Works
 * Portland Company
 * Railpower Technologies
 * Rhode Island Locomotive Works - to ALCO in 1901
 * Richmond Locomotive Works - to ALCO in 1901
 * Roanoke East End Shops
 * Rogers Locomotive & Machine Works – began as Rogers, Ketchum & Grosvenor, to ALCO in 1905
 * Rome Locomotive Works – New York
 * Ross Winans Locomotive Works
 * Schenectady Locomotive Works - later became American Locomotive Company (ALCO)
 * St Louis Car Company
 * Swinburne, Smith & Company
 * Sygnet Rail Technologies
 * T. H. Paul & Sons
 * Talbott & Brother Iron Works
 * Taunton Locomotive Manufacturing Company
 * Tredegar Iron Works
 * Union Iron Works
 * United Aircraft
 * Virginia Locomotive & Car Works – also known as Smith & Perkins
 * Vulcan Iron Works
 * Wasatch Railroad Contractors – builder of brand-new  gauge Cagney replica steam locomotives
 * West Point Foundry
 * Westinghouse Electric Corporation
 * Whitcomb Locomotive Works
 * Ernst Wiener Co., New York
 * Wilmarth

title: List of locomotive builders


text:
Talk:Workers World Party

Party Color
Hello all, I am editing pages related to the 1984 US presidential election. I am noticing a void in specific party color for Worker's World. I think this would be a good color to use for Worker's World, for political spreadsheets and the like:

{{legend|#FF033E}}

Let me know if I'm wrong. Thanks!

--7partparadigm talk 15:13, 23 August 2013 (UTC)

Unnamed Section
Someone logged in should correct the following: "...the positive view they held of the Chinese Revolution led by Mao Zedong, and their endorsement of the 1956 Soviet intervention in Hungary, all of which the SWP opposed". Note that the SWP did not opposed the Chinese revolution, but supported the revolution and opposed the Chinese CP led by Mao. -- D. Keil, 8/07

Perhaps I am being dense, but how can Trotsky have said anything about pre-1991 Russia when he's been dead for 66 years?

>> Politically, the WWP agrees with Trotsky's description of pre-1991 Russia as being a "degenerated workers' state,"
 * No, that is an incorrect charecterization of Workers World Party's views Tom Cod 06:56, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

A link I added was removed saying that the WWP was "not really supporting Milosevic" but if you read the article it does say that "he represents the masses of people of all nationalities in Yugoslavia, including the workers and peasants" which clearly does support him. SonofRage 05:47, 23 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Is it possible for someone to post links to a platform or something that would relatively - reliably state this parties views? Perhaps their historical support of Mao (note, even the Wiki only states his initial revolution - which any moron with a history text book knows was about as legit as a revolution can be - and not his later reign, political failures or that Cultural Revolution thing. We all know what Cheng was interested in. Guns 'n' Money, right?) and Stalin could be cited as well, and if they ever acknowledged the purges etc. They wouldn't be the first to be duped by Stalin's propaganda. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.15.196.94 (talk) 14:32, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

I reverted to an earlier revision because the recent revisions first started taking a non NPOV and the whole flow of the article just started getting lousy. If you are going to make such major changes, at least post to the Talk page explaining why.

SonofRage

-

Can anyone here evidence WWP support of Saddam Hussein (as opposed to the Iraqi people in general)? If not, it should be removed. Ramsey Clark has supported Saddam personally, but he's hardly the WWP. Rei

links

 * What you should know about the WWP, an anarchist perspective on ANSWER and Workers World.

Someone keeps removing this link. Any reason? It appears to be relevant and substantive. -Willmcw July 7, 2005 21:39 (UTC)

POV
"The WWP has defended political leaders such as Slobodan Miloševic and Saddam Hussein, holding the opinion that Serbia and Iraq enjoy a right to national self-determination, and that this right overrides perceived U.S. interests."

Support for the government that runs a country and support for the right of a country to self-determination are not the same thing. Many people who oppose American militarism and support the right of self-determination for Iraq and Serbia do not support Milosevic and Hussein. Similarly, many people on the radical left (probably including the WWP) are critical of the president of Columbia, without in any way challenging the right of the people of Columbia to self-determination.

Furthermore, it could be argued that both Hussein and Milosevic came to power more because of the support that they got from foreign governments (including the US) than people in Iraq or Serbia. If one accepts this, then support for Milosevic and Hussien (especially by an American group) would seem to be the opposite of support for the self determination of Iraq and Serbia. Regardless, it should be obvious that just because “Serbia and Iraq enjoy a right to national self-determination, and that this right overrides perceived U.S. interests,” it does not logically follow that people outside of these countries should actively support the dictatorships that exist in Iraq and Serbia.

POV...continued
It should also be pointed out that the WWP's support for Soviet imperialism (e.g. Hungary, '56)belies their alleged commitment to self-determination...

These parties, as with all shadow political parties, should be called "extremist." This is quite neutral when you see their party platforms. JHerdez

"Chinese Revolution"
SUGGEST YOU CHANGE 'CHINESE' to 'CULTURAL' —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Pitnos (talk • contribs) 11:30, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

It seems that AntiWWP is vandalizing this article on a daily basis. Anyone for banning him/her? 02:25, 4 November 2006 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dolaro (talk • contribs)

 * So far there've only been two incidents, over three days. If vandalism continues the account will be blocked (especially since  hasn't yet made any constructive edits to any articles), but I don't think it's an urgent issue at this point.
 * That said, I would be interested to see if AntiWWP is the same person as, who also vandalized the article recently, but stopped when AntiWWP showed up. I think administrators have the ability to check this.  -David Schaich Talk/Cont 02:36, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

"Controversy" section
I tagged this section as "unreferenced" due to its numerous claims that are unsubstantiated. Unreferenced statements are marked:. --Horse Badorties

 * I did some basically minor revisions to the Controversy section, but the more I read it, the more I doubted that it needs to be there at all. Maybe, rather than say the WWP has some controversial positions, it would be better to lay out what those positions are -- e.g., describe the issues involved in Hungary in 1956, and the WWP's position, in a section called Hungary.

 * Maybe I can start to work on that next week.--Horse Badorties

That is a good idea. The old article that I began to revise completely, appeared to have been made almost totally as a criticism of the WWP by its detractors, and was not a neutral overview of what the party stands for and its history. Needless to say, I don't think that such a biased/negative POV article would have been on here for long had it been about the Democrats or Republicans. Cmrdm 03:41, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

2004 split
I added a brief section on the 2004 split. Hopefully, as we approach the third anniversary of the split, someone will come forward to fill in some of the details! --Horse Badorties 03:01, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I added a citation request for the claim that the WWP and PSL have "few if any ideological differences between them," and that the split was due to "other internal disagreements between party members." While it is my understanding that this is true, and that the split had a lot to do with divergent approaches to their anti-war activities, we need to provide a source, or just phrase it in a way that indicates that it's all speculation as to why the split occurred. --Horse Badorties 02:15, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

I agree that a link would be nice for that. However I do not have one with me. There was never much information about the split posted publicly when it happened (by either side). In regards to tactical disagreements, I do vaguely remember something about Haiti, but not much else. I had a friend in the party at the time whom told me what happened, but that doesn't count as a source... Cmrdm 02:32, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought the split was caused over whether or not the Party should run its own presidential candidate or go for the Anybody But Bush strategy and endorse Kerry? Even though its not a source, what did your friend say?ChipMD 22:55, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

I (using a pseudonym) asked the PSL (via their web site) why a US-based socialist should work with PSL in preference to WWP. I received in reply: "We work with many Socialist Parties in the US; however, we are building a party based on revolutionary Marxist principles which we felt was not in existence in any other party structure in the US. In studying revolutionary movements you will see that often the leadership that is able to take advantage of revolutionary moments and build real relationships with the mass is the party with such a perspective. -- For the PSL, John Daly". Would "Personal communication from John Daly" make a valid citation for an assertion that according to the PSL, the reason for the split was over whether or not to follow "revolutionary" Marxist principles? Jack W. 06:43, 26 November 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 9cep22202@sneakemail.com (talk • contribs)

Reverting page to pre-vandalism copy
The edit summary incorrectly reads "rv vandalism by 219.148.86.36 to last version by David Shear". I copied the line out of the Help:Reverting page and accidently hit the Return key before changing the necessary fields. It should have read "rv vandalism by 66.137.92.223 to last version by Grenavitar". --Horse Badorties 15:12, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

That same vandal is continuing to vandalize this page with the following IP addresses: 66.137.92.71 and 66.137.92.41. --Cmrdm 00:59, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Why was the information on the 2004 Split Removed?
They used to be information on the 2004 split that caused the formation of the Party for Socialism and Liberation (which then caused the International Action Center from being removed from the ANSWER steering committee and the formation of Troops Out Now). This seems significant,why was it removed?

ChipMD 22:48, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

deletions on internal splits make it useless
This article and the article on the PSL seem useless as encyclopedia entries; in no small part because neither entry discusses the reasons behind the split (or even mentioning the that the information is not publicly avb, or something.

If the various parties are allowed to edit their own pages, or sabotage each others pages, the wiki system breaks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by You Big Weirdo (talk • contribs) 00:43, August 29, 2007 (UTC)

Glaring Omitions

 * Very little discussion of why the Party was called Stalinist (a characterization I happen to disagree with). Whether or not their stance towards the socialist countries was uncritical, that's only part of it. They dropped any mention of Trotsky anywhere and completely broke themselves off from the Trotskyist movement. No one is even supposed to know that they're Trotskyist. Their uncritical support and glowing praise, today, of North Korea doesn't help either. Nor does their support for openly Stalinist parties in Russia. I could go on.

 * No mention at all of the PSL split. WTF? Therefor also not mentioned is the fact that the PSL took ANSWER with them, and there's no mention at all of the Party's new Troops Out Now coalition.

-- MQ Duck 08:20, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
 * A third one I can't remember.

 * There. I believe I did a pretty good job, if I may say so myself. But by all means, critique. -- MQ Duck 09:02, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I believe there is a problem with the wording and a few details given in the 'split' section. You say, "the San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle and Washington, D.C. branches of WWP left almost in their entirety to form the Party for Socialism and Liberation." I also read such things about the extent of the split on e-mail lists back in 2004. However, I do not think that we have a legitimate source to make that statement on Wikipedia. I believe we should remove this sentence, unless PSL or WWP actually says this in a statement. Then we could word the sentence as "according to PSL" or "according to WWP". See what I mean? Cmrdm (talk) 17:06, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I stole that information directly from the PSL article. Perhaps a better place to take this up would be there? -- MQ Duck 00:22, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

McKinney
Will she have a WWP ballot line in any states? Or does the WWP not have any ballot access? Шизомби (talk) 01:31, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

 * They do not. They were only on the ballot in three states in 2004, two by petition, the third through the Liberty Union Party, which has nominated the Socialist Party USA ticket this year.  -David Schaich Talk/Cont 00:54, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

Should she appear in the succession box at John Parker (activist)? 05:03, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I would say not. I don't think she had much of anything to do with the WWP at all. -David Schaich Talk/Cont 02:12, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I know of no involvement on her part with WWP, but I was wondering if their endorsement of her warrants putting her as the successor to Parker. Шизомби (talk) 03:14, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

New section on North Korea
Would someone review a new section that was added regarding North Korea? It's quite extensive, and I'm sure there's some valuable information in there, but it seems rather POV to me. 78.26 (talk) 05:09, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

This section is incredibly outdated. Brian Becker is one of the WWP leaders that left to form the PSL. He is no longer affiliated with WWP or the International Action Center. The statement at the end "This begs the question: Where does the WWP consider the center of imperialism?" is incredibly suggestive and irrelevant as well. Along with that, the term "front group" is misused. The organizations that WWP works with such as IAC and other organizations are coalition groups that consist of dozens, often hundreds of other organizations and independent volunteers. This section needs to be cleaned up in regards to outdated information and bias. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.133.195.43 (talk) 23:47, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

Agreed, not only does the section contain POV language (e.g. "front groups"), but the material is also dated and massively overstates one issue (i.e. the WWP's position on North Korea), which was already mentioned before. For example, it would be as if someone added a massive new section to the Republican or Democratic parties' pages regarding their relationship with the House of Saud, discussing various personalities actions on the matter. The information might be true, if written in a biased manner, but also, so what? I'm in favor of removing the entire section. RERoger (talk) 07:47, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Support for the Weathermen
Does anyone have any references for the WWP's support for the Weathermen. A long time ago I used to know a former Weatherman who had later joined YAWF, the WWP's youth group. He told me that the WWP was opposed to the Weathermen, because the latter supported revolution by a small group whereas the WWP aimed for mass insurrection. Apparently, there were a lot of former Weathermen in YAWF. Bostoner (talk) 02:10, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Criticism not just from anarchists, social democrats and liberal left
"WWP also faces opposition from ideological groups that are critical of other Marxist-Leninist and Trotskyist parties. On the political left, this criticism comes from anarchists, social democrats and the liberal left"

There is also criticism of WWP by non-revisionist, true proletarian communist parties. They see WWP as tailing the spontaneous movement with no programmatic explanation of what socialism is. WWP sees itself basically as a party of the "fightback," that is, in practice, as militant fighters for reforms. In particular WWP does not talk of the need for the dictatorship of the proletariat. Here we must say that the CP is more forthright, they openly say that they do not believe in it. WWP, by not speaking of it as the only way to achieve socialism and what socialism means, rejects it by default.

As a party of the "fightback", WWP does not try to lead (or, as Lenin always put it, to divert) this spontaneous movement onto the path of socialism. It thus in practice tails this movement, even where it helps to organize it. It thinks that socialism will come by itself; spontaneously, out of these fights for reform.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:7:8500:982:450A:3748:E877:B49B (talk) 09:25, 26 April 2014 (UTC)

Notable members / Splits - Caleb Maupin???
Posting here because I tried this edit twice and had it removed, so this really needs to be discussed. Why is Caleb Maupin included in this article? He's listed under both "Notable members" and even more confusingly, the "Splits" section. There is no Wikipedia article for this person, so his inclusion hardly meets the standards of notability. As the listing notes, he is no longer a member of this party so that seems especially odd to include a former member with no Wikipedia page himself. In fact someone created a page for him and it was deleted for lack of notability (see Articles for deletion/Caleb Maupin (2nd nomination)). The only citation for his membership listing is a link to articles he wrote for the website, so yes he certainly was a member, but this article hardly lists every member of the party, let alone former members. Also the inclusion of his departure in the Splits section makes no sense, since a) one person leaving does not constitute a split, b) there is no independent sources or coverage suggesting this departure had any significant effect on the party, and c) the only citation for that whole paragraph is a link to one of Maupin's personal YouTube videos, which is neither an independent source nor does it relate to his departure from the party. Also the section makes a number of unsourced claims of dubious certainty or relevance. There are no citations suggesting Maupin held any leadership role within the party, and even if he did that seems like something that wold only matter internally to members of the party, not really something that merits mention in an encyclopedic overview of the party itself. Otherwise we'd have to mention everyone in every leadership position of the internal party bureaucracy as well as every former member who held a leadership position. There's no mention of the names of any of the people who led the split from the party to form the PSL, and those people have actually had a demonstrable effect on the party. But of course it would be needlessly over-detailed to mention any of them, so similarly it doesn't make any sense to mention Maupin.

I highly suspect all the edits mentioning Maupin were all done by Maupin himself or by friends of his, as was the creation of the now-deleted article about him. If you look at all the edits to this page that add in mentions of Maupin, or those edits which re-add the link brackets to his name (despite the deletion of the article about him) they are almost all done by the same couple of users, all unregistered accounts whose short edit histories consist largely or exclusively of inserting Maupin into articles. (Special:Contributions/69.203.135.167, Special:Contributions/38.140.255.146, Special:Contributions/2604:2000:7140:3400:5481:4F67:8B1B:1E4, Special:Contributions/50.14.138.20, Special:Contributions/2604:2000:7140:3400:7D07:6836:9434:5620) So this is clearly being done either by the subject himself or by acquaintances of the subject, which again just underscores how there is really no external coverage going on here, just the subject personally or his acquaintances trying to advertise a private individual. This is really inappropriate to keep on the page. VolatileChemical (talk) 00:52, 15 August 2018 (UTC)

Contradictory claims for SWP versus WWP
This article states that the WWP broke from the SWP due to various disagreements. But the article is inconsistent on which party took which side.

The first paragraph (emphasis added):

 * Marcy and his followers split from the SWP in 1958 over a series of long-standing differences, among them their support for Henry A. Wallace's Progressive Party in 1948, their view of People's Republic of China as a workers' state, and their defense of the 1956 Soviet intervention in Hungary, some of which the SWP opposed.

This seems to state that the SWP supported Wallace, deemed China a worker's state, and defended the invasion of Hungary. The WWP (Marcy), which disagreed, broke with them.

Then the third paragraph says this:

 * The WWP had its origins in the Global Class War Tendency, led by Sam Marcy .... Throughout the 1950s, the Global Class War Tendency expressed positions at odds with official SWP policy, categorizing the Korean War as a class, rather than imperialist, conflict; support of the People's Republic of China as a workers' state, if not necessarily supporting the Mao Zedong leadership; and supporting the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution by the Soviet Union in 1956.

Now we have the exact opposite. The WWP (GCWT) deemed China a worker's state, and supported the invasion of Hungary, whereas the SWP disagreed.

Which was it? Is this a contradiction, or are the paragraphs just confusing because they have too many pronouns with unclear antecedents? — Lawrence King ( talk ) 22:25, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Workers World Party


text:
Talk:Saudi Arabia

Spelling
The banner used to be in British spelling but I changed it to British Oxford spelling since the majority of words with the ending ize/ise (izing/ising and ization/isation too) were already using the American/Oxford spelling, and I think enforcing the other variant would just lead to an inconsistent article, it also appears that the first version that's not a stub used the spellings "flavour" and "recognized" for example: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia&oldid=1637856 Terbofast (talk) 07:26, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request
In the intro, where it mentions Saudi Arabia is a country in “West Asia in the Middle East”, please change this to “a country in West Asia in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.” 2600:100C:A216:3864:88D3:5C19:3185:B825 (talk) 22:16, 9 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: no reason given for the proposed change. M.Bitton (talk) 22:38, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

Köppen-Geiger climate classification map and layout
@Nikkimaria What layout issues are you referring to from my edit? BurqueMesa (talk) 06:31, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

 * It causes sandwiching, as the section already has too many images. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:29, 21 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I see. Thank you for the explanation! BurqueMesa (talk) 19:22, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 July 2024
The water percentage of "0.7" was added with no source by an account from with only 3 contributions which all seem to be misguided. After research, I could not find a single source which claims the same number. There is no official number for the water area of Saudi Arabia. 99.64.160.215 (talk) 01:35, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Geardona (talk to me?) 01:41, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saudi Arabia


text:
Talk:Soulpepper

Untitled
Could you please point to some evidence of this company's importance to the Toronto theatre scene? --Robert Merkel 05:48, 23 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Copyvio: Young Centre for the Performing Arts
I blanked the "Young Centre for the Performing Arts" section as it was a verbatim copy/paste of copyrighted material. Superp (talk) 08:08, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soulpepper


text:
Talk:Cookie Gilchrist

Untitled
After many years as a recluse, Cookie Gilchrist is out of the Jar and talking again. Check out Jim Kernaghan, London Free Press...Nov.15th and 19th / 03 What a great story, and I'm sure he has more.

Seeing as how the CFL and AFL were separate entities, it would have been impossible for him to be traded from a CFL team to an AFL team. Therefore, I changed the "traded to the Buffalo Bills" to "joined the Buffalo Bills."

He played his high school ball at Har-Brack (now Highlands) in Natrona Heights, PA. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.253.40.255 (talk) 02:43, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Cookie Gilchrist


text:
Talk:Crystal skull

Desambiguation needed
I found this page looking for Crystal skull, a song by Mastodon

 * It's also a video game from Maxis (1996). http://www.gamespot.com/pc/adventure/crystalskull/index.html

Comment made previously. To be archived.--Jack Upland (talk) 09:04, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

This page is garbage
I agree it is shit

We have a claim that the skull was found in 1927 contradicted by evidence that it was purchased in 1943. Only the claim gets published. We have a claim that HP evaluated the thing in 1970 and zero hard evidence to back up that claim. 300 years of labor? Prove it. Where are the studies? Links, please!

 * Comment made previously. To be archived.--Jack Upland (talk) 09:05, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

Comment left on article page by anon user at 138.116.138.170
Notes from a different person. I don't have the archeological knowledge to comment on the archeology, and I don't want to change the section, therefore. However, I saw the Mitchell-Hedges skull on display at Lily Dale near Buffalo NY when I was still a teenager, probably more than 20 years ago. Anna Mitchell-Hedges was with it and lectured on its origins. When it was displayed a copy of a professional report, I recall it as being from a major company, I noted that at the time, and she mentioned it in her lecture, but I don't recall what the logo was, I presume however that it was the Hewlett Packard report mentioned... -- it was about 16 pages if memory serves -- was available for anyone to read who wanted to. Looking back today, as a tenured professional member of faculty at a major university, I must say, the report looked like any other report of a similar type prepared on any subject - and there was no reason to think that it was a hoax as I recall it. The reason I take the time to post this (I came across this article as a cross-reference from a cross-reference) is that whoever wrote the section above that dealt with the report is either unaware of the actual existence of any report -- which would indicate poor research at best, not very thorough, or willing to undertake scholarly methods to vilify a theory or belief with which s/he disagrees which are not terribly professional, or at least don't seem terribly professional to me. I thought that was worth noting.

 * Comment made previously. To be archived.--Jack Upland (talk) 09:05, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

Removing "Other artifacts" section
I'm going to remove the section "Other artifacts of controversial origin". In its original form (before all the unsourced statements were removed), this section had some relevance to the article subject; as it stands, however, it's completely off-topic. The point appears to be that since these other artifacts may be authentic, the skulls may be authentic too. This would obviously need a reliable source explicitly drawing this conclusion; besides which, this gives undue weight to a fringe point of view, since the mainstream consensus is that all the skulls are fakes. Dan from A.P. (talk) 08:49, 27 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Fair enough.--Jack Upland (talk) 09:03, 27 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I would suggest any salvagable links be put into a 'see also' section where applicable. 68.227.235.163 (talk) 20:01, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crystal skull


text:
Jiri

Jiri  (जिरी) is a municipality in Dolakha District in the Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 13,638 people. Jiri, which lies about 190 kilometers from Kathmandu, is the main gateway to the Everest Region. Almost all the Everest expeditions, including the one led by famous climber John Hunt, Edmund Hillary had passed through Jiri. A company of the Nepal Army is stationed in town and visitors' equipment and backpacks might be searched. There are a number of lodges available along either side of the main road mainly in Jiri Bazaar.

There are two government high schools namely Jiri Higher Secondary School at Hatanda and Dhungeshwori Secondary School at Jiri Bazaar. One private boarding school called JEM Academy, two community schools namely Martyrs Memorial School and Saraswoti Community School. There is a technical school called Jiri Technical School which provides with technical education regarding agriculture, construction and health.

Jiri was set up as agricultural development center by the Swiss Government Aid in 1938.

As the closest road head, Jiri is the trailhead for many treks into the Mount Everest region. The trek to Lukla takes seven or eight days. Few people begin a trek from Jiri, and only 5% of all trekkers who attempt the difficult trek to Everest Base Camp start at Jiri. The other 95% choose to fly into the small airstrip at Lukla, thus cutting off a week of difficult but beautiful trekking.

Although the trailhead from Jiri to Sagarmatha National Park is referred to as the "classic route to Everest", the original trailhead began at Kathmandu. All early Everest expeditions—including the one led by John Hunt that put Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on the summit—passed through Jiri. So Jiri is also called the "Gateway to Mt. Everest".

It is proud to shout that Jiri is land of ethnic people called the Jirels. They love themselves called Jiriba. In Jirel language Zi means bright or blazing, Ri means mountain or hill and Ba means people. Thus Jiriba means people from the mountain. The Jirel people who come from the second brother of seven brothers of Kirats, known as the warriors for the eldest brother, the ruler of the Kirats who later was fled to Tibet. The number of Jirels is now less because they had responsibility to protect the other younger brothers from the attackers. This was the reason that they had fortress at Kirati Chhap where they made their army base. Finally, it is told that they came to Jiri and settled permanently. Kirat Thursa, Kirat Khasa are some of the evidences that they were the brave kirats. The people love to be called themselves leopard. Jirba means people like leopard.

The Jirel mountain climber, Lal Bahadur Jirel, who scaled Everest two times come from this place.

Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Jiri Municipality had a population of 15,837. Of these, 43.9% spoke Nepali, 21.4% Jirel, 16.8% Sherpa, 10.6% Tamang, 4.6% Sunwar, 1.7% Newar, 0.4% Maithili, 0.1% Gurung, 0.1% Magar, 0.1% Rai, 0.1% Tharu and 0.2% other languages as their first language.

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 28.1% were Chhetri, 21.7% Jirel, 18.0% Sherpa, 11.3% Tamang, 4.9% Newar, 4.8% Sunuwar, 4.0% Kami, 2.6% Damai/Dholi, 2.4% Hill Brahmin, 0.5% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.3% Gurung, 0.3% Rai, 0.3% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.1% Magar, 0.1% Teli, 0.1% Tharu, 0.1% Yadav and 0.4% others.

In terms of religion, 47.3% were Hindu, 29.0% Buddhist, 20.0% Prakriti and 3.6% Christian.

In terms of literacy, 61.5% could read and write, 2.4% could only read and 36.0% could neither read nor write.

Cherdung

Cherdung Danda is at the altitude of 3200m from sea level and takes 6 hours of hiking from Jiri's Linkan Bazar to reach there.

Kalo Bhir

Kalo Bhir is located on the way to Cherdung. From Kalo Bhir, three majors towns, Charikot, Dolakha and Jiri can be seen in single sight. It is a massive piece of rock, stands on the top of cliff, one can hardly stand on the top due to its steep landscape and powerful wind. It is 4 hours walk up hill from Jiri, Linkan Bazar.

Ramite Danda
Formerly, this hill was known as Rang-rang cliff or Bhir. Later teenagers loved to call it Ramite Danda. But now the statue of Tony Began is newly erected and this place is named Tony Began park. It is half an hour uphill walk to the northeast from Linkan Bazar. There is a shelter for visitors. Drinking water supply is provided. This place is also known for cookouts.

Jiri Fish Pond
Jiri's heart, Linkan Bazaar is one of the biggest towns in Dolakha district. Shops on both sides of road is not just what you see in Linkan, but you can also visit Jiri Technical School, Boudha Stupa and statue of Rimporche, Jiri Hospital and so on.

title: Jiri


text:
Talk:Porthos

Name
"Dumas nevers tells Porthos given name" -- Is there a "his" before "given"? If Porthos is not his given, and du Valon is his surname. What is Porthos? --Menchi 05:54, 23 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * A pseudonym, if I recall correctly. Mind you, the fact that his family name is "du Valon" needn't rule out "Porthos" being part of his surname; some French people have long multipart surnames, of which part is his family name, part is a reference to his birthplace, part is something he inherited from his wife, etc. Porthos himself is "du Valon de Bracieux de Pierrefonds", as it says in the article. As to your first question: I interpret it as "...never tells the reader Porthos' given name" (or possibly "...Porthos's given name"). —Paul A 07:14, 24 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Marriage
I've made a couple of very small tweaks which I wanted to explain:

I have changed "a successful wedding" to "a financially advantageous marriage" as the former is slightly ambiguous. At the start of 20 Years After Porthos is unhappy because his wife's humble origins haven't brought him the social status he craves - it's the promise of a title that enables d'Artagnan to enlist him on his side - therefore the marriage isn't entirely successful from his point of view.

I've also noted that the lawyer's wife whom he romances throughout The Three Musketeers is the wealthy widow he eventually marries.

Malentaheloyse (talk) 23:26, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Porthos


text:
Theobald I of Navarre

Theobald I (Thibaut, Teobaldo; 30 May 1201 – 8 July 1253), also called the Troubadour and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne (as Theobald IV) from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He initiated the Barons' Crusade, was famous as a trouvère, and was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre.

Regency of Champagne
Born in Troyes, he was the son of Theobald III of Champagne and Blanche of Navarre, the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre. His father died less than a week before he was born, and Blanche ruled the county as regent until Theobald turned twenty-one in 1222. He was a notable trouvère, and many of his songs have survived, including some with music.

The first half of Theobald's life was plagued by a number of difficulties. His uncle, Count Henry II, had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald's father died. Further, Theobald's right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, Count of Ramerupt, and one of the more powerful nobles of Champagne.

The conflict with Erard and Philippa broke into open warfare in 1215 as the Champagne War of Succession, and was not resolved until after Theobald came of age in 1222. At that time he bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment. Some years later, in 1234, he had to spend still more to buy off Philippa's elder sister Alice, Queen of Cyprus. The settlement of 1222 did not end Theobald's problems, for in the following years he antagonized Louis VIII.

Conflict with the crown
Once he came of age Theobald personal rule was initially marked by a series of difficulties.

Theobald IV came into conflict with Louis VIII of France (1223–26) over the restrictive policies the new king tried to enforce on Jews in France. In his Etablissement sur les Juifs of November 8, 1223, Louis VIII declared that interest on Jews' debts should no longer hold good (though at the same time it also ordered that the capital should be repaid to the Jews in three years), that the debts due the Jews should be inscribed and placed under the control of their lords. The lords then collected the debts for the Jews, doubtless receiving a commission. Twenty-six barons accepted Louis VIII's new measures, but Theobald IV did not, since he had an agreement with the Jews that guaranteed their safety in return for extra income through taxation. Theobald IV and his mother had relied on this extra income during the Succession War of his minority. Champagne's capital at Troyes was where Rashi had lived a century before, and Champagne continued to have a prosperous Jewish population. Theobald IV's refusal to enact Louis VIII's new antagonistic policies towards the Jews enlarged a growing feud between the two men.

During the siege of Avignon in 1226, part of the Albigensian Crusade, due to his disagreements with the king, Theobald IV performed only the minimum service of 40 days and then went home. Louis VIII died of dysentery soon after he left, leading some to accuse Theobald IV of treachery. At the death of Louis VIII, Theobald's political situation was difficult: he had abandoned the king in his campaigns, there were rumors that he had poisoned him, and he was barred from the coronation of Louis IX (his mother Blanche went instead). At the beginning of the regency of Blanche of Castile, he abandoned a conspiracy against the French king, which also included Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter I of Brittany, and cemented a strong relation with the regent.

Strong rumors began to spread that Theobald IV was having an affair with Louis VIII's widow, the regent Blanche of Castile, for whom he composed a poetic homage. Queen Blanche and Theobald IV's father Theobald III were both grandchildren of Eleanor of Aquitaine. The first chronicler to report the rumors about a love affair between Theobald and Blanche was Roger of Wendover. Wendover claims that Theobald, "tormented by passion" for the queen, tried to poison King Louis VIII at the siege of Avignon. Matthew Paris adds a story that the French nobles goaded the young King Louis IX to challenge Theobald to a duel to avenge his father's death, but that Blanche put a stop to the duel. Theobald IV was becoming increasingly influential at court, and the other great counts of France were becoming resentful. It is possible that the rumors of an affair with the queen were indeed unfounded, and merely fabricated by other barons jealous of his position at court. In general, the other barons were jealous of the strengthened County of Champagne which had emerged from the Succession War, and now presented a major rival to surrounding areas.

Whatever the case, the resentful other barons invaded Champagne from 1229 to 1230. Ironically, the alliances in the invasion were reversed from the arrangement they had been in during the Succession War: Count Henry II of Bar attacked Champagne from the east, prompting Theobald IV to ally with Lorraine to attack the County of Bar. Simon of Joinville, who had fought for the rebel faction during the Succession War, now allied with Theobald IV against the external threat, and aided him in ravaging Bar, which was on the northern border of Joinville's own lands. The conflict with the County of Bar prompted the more powerful Duchy of Burgundy to invade Champagne from the south, led by Duke Hugh IV (his father Odo III, Blanche of Navarre's staunch ally, had died in 1218). This provoked Queen Blanche to intervene, in order to stop the spread of the conflict.

Theobald IV was able to repulse the attackers, but at great cost. Champagne's economy was so depleted by these two major wars, as well as the crusading debts of Theobald IV's father and uncle, that Theobald IV had to sell off his overlordship of the counties west of Paris that his ancestors held before expanding east to Champagne: Blois, Sancerre, and Chateaudun. Another major blow to morale came near the start of the invasion of 1229, when Blanche of Navarre died (of natural causes) while in retirement at Argensolles convent. Moreover, Theobald IV's second wife Agnes of Beaujeu suddenly died in 1231, leaving Theobald IV with only their five-year-old daughter, Blanche. This left Champagne in need of a male heir, prompting Theobald IV to remarry in 1232 to Margaret of Bourbon. The situation reached its nadir in 1233, when Henry II's elder daughter Queen Alice of Cyprus threatened to reprise the succession war of Theobald IV's minority yet again. Theobald IV was able to pay off Alice to make her abandon her claim, but this massive expenditure left him even further in debt.

Rule of Navarre
Theobald succeeded his uncle Sancho VII of Navarre as King of Navarre. Theobald was in Pamplona at the time of Sancho's death and he immediately affirmed the fueros of the realm. This greatly increased his resources (not to mention his prestige), and the remaining years of his rule were far more peaceful and prosperous. The lords and barons of Northern France who had been in conflict with Theobald IV in 1229 left him in peace, realizing that as the new king of Navarre, his position was too strong to challenge.

Domestic and foreign policy
As king, Theobald sealed pacts with the Crown of Castile and that of Aragon, and the Kingdom of England. He entrusted most of the government to nobles of Champagne and divided Navarre into four new districts based on fiscal functions and maintenance of public order. He began the codification of the law in the Cartulario Magno and set down on paper the Navarrese traditions known as the Fuero General, not systematically recorded until that time and kept up following Basque traditions in use on the different districts of the kingdom.

In order to gain the support of Castile, he had his daughter Blanche engaged to the future Alfonso X. By the marriage pact, Ferdinand III of León offered the lands of Guipúzcoa as long as Theobald lived, but not those of Álava to which the Navarrese monarchs had long laid claim. But with Guipúzcoa he would have attained direct access to the Cantabrian Sea. This alliance was never effected, however, as it would have meant the incorporation of Navarre as a fief of Castile. The next year, Theobald engaged his daughter to John I, Duke of Brittany, the son of his close crusading ally Peter of Dreux.

Barons' Crusade
It was in 1239 that Theobald directed a crusading host to the Holy Land. Militarily, the Barons' Crusade was not glorious, but it led to several diplomatic successes. He spent much time dallying at pleasant Acre (where he wrote a poem to his wife) before moving on Ascalon, where he began the construction of a castle. Whilst marching the crusader army to Ascalon, a contingent of 400 knights led by Hugh of Burgundy, Henry of Bar, and Amaury of Montfort chose to engage Muslim forces at Gaza. The contingent was defeated before Theobald's forces arrived to rescue them.

Theobald negotiated with the Ayyubids of Damascus and Egypt, who were at odds with each other at the time, finalizing a treaty with the former (in the north) against the latter (in the south) whereby the Kingdom of Jerusalem regained Jerusalem itself, plus Bethlehem, Nazareth, and most of the region of Galilee with many Templar castles, such as Belfort and Saphet. He also negotiated a truce with the Egyptians. Some contemporary sources even imply that the whole of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean was put back in crusader hands.

It is debatable how much of the ultimate success of the crusade (the most successful since the First in territorial terms) was attributable to Theobald's intentions and how much was just fortuitous. He returned from Palestine late in 1240, before Richard of Cornwall arrived, because he did not wish to be present during any more debating over the leadership and direction of the enterprise. Souvenirs that he brought back to Europe included the rose called "Provins" (Latin name rosa gallica 'officinalis', the Apothecary's Rose) from Damascus, transporting it "in his helmet"; a piece of the true cross; and perhaps the Chardonnay grape which in modern times is an important component of champagne.

Conflict with Church and final years
Theobald spent most of the remainder of his reign travelling back and forth between Navarre and Champagne. He was at odds with the bishop of Pamplona, Pedro Jiménez de Gazólaz, who held a provincial synod in 1250 to excommunicate him. He refused to respond to papal tribunals, but Pope Innocent IV conceded him the privilege of kings: nobody could excommunicate him save the Holy See. Theobald died at Pamplona, on a return from one of his many visits to Champagne. He was buried in the Cathedral of Pamplona. He was succeeded first by his elder son Theobald II and then by his younger son Henry I.

Marriages and issue
Theobald married three times. He married Gertrude of Dagsburg in 1220, and divorced her two years later when he came of age. They had no children.

Secondly, in 1222, he married Agnes of Beaujeu. The marriage produced at least one child:
 * Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany

Agnes died in 1231. Theobald married thirdly to Margaret of Bourbon. Theobald and Margaret had six children:
 * Eleanor (born 1233, died young)
 * Peter (died young)
 * Margaret, in 1255 married to Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine
 * Theobald II of Navarre, married Isabella, daughter of Louis IX of France
 * Beatrix, married Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
 * Henry I of Navarre, married Blanche of Artois

Theobald had at least two daughters out of wedlock.

With an unknown mistress, he had Agnes, who married Álvar Pérez de Azagra, 4th Lord of Albarracín.

With Marquesa López de Rada, daughter of Lope Díaz de Rada and Brunisende of Narbonne, he had Marquesa Gil de Rada, who married Pedro Fernández, baron of Hijar, illegitimate son of king Jaime I of Aragon.

title: Theobald I of Navarre