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Conti

Conti is an Italian surname.

Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 63.5% of all known bearers of the surname Conti were residents of Italy (frequency 1:756), 11.8% of the United States (1:24,071), 9.2% of Brazil (1:17,439), 6.3% of Argentina (1:5,300), 2.5% of France (1:21,201) and 1.3% of the Philippines (1:58,961).

In Italy, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:756) in the following regions:
 * 1) Tuscany (1:360)
 * 2) Umbria (1:363)
 * 3) Marche (1:370)
 * 4) Lazio (1:412)
 * 5) Emilia-Romagna (1:478)
 * 6) Lombardy (1:531)
 * 7) Sicily (1:624)
 * 8) Liguria (1:628)

In Argentina, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:5,300) in the following provinces:
 * 1) Santa Fe Province (1:3,222)
 * 2) Córdoba Province (1:3,292)
 * 3) Buenos Aires (1:4,110)
 * 4) Mendoza Province (1:4,201)
 * 5) Buenos Aires Province (1:4,408)
 * 6) La Pampa Province (1:4,731)

People

 * The historical Conti di Segni, family
 * Andrea dei Conti (1240–1302), Italian Roman Catholic priest
 * Giovanni dei Conti di Segni (died 1213), Italian cardinal
 * Giovanni Conti (cardinal) (1414–1493), Italian cardinal
 * Francesco Conti (cardinal) (died 1521), Italian cardinal
 * Lotario dei Conti di Segni, Pope Innocent III (1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), Italian pope
 * Michelangelo Conti, Pope Innocent XIII (1655–1724), Italian pope
 * Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni (died 1234), Italian cardinal
 * Torquato Conti (1591–1636), 17th-century Italian military officer
 * Ugolino di Conti, Pope Gregory IX (c. 1145/70 – 22 August 1241), Italian pope
 * a surname derived from the toponym Conty, France (cf. Princes of Conti)
 * Louis Armand II de Bourbon, prince de Conti, Prince of Conti from 1709 to 1727
 * Al Conti (born 1968), Grammy-nominated New Age composer, arranger, producer, and multi-instrumentalist
 * Albert Conti (1887–1967), Austrian-Hungarian-born Italian-American film actor
 * Alberto Coletti Conti (1885–?), Italian sports shooter
 * Alberto Conti (born 1966), astrophysicist
 * Aldo Conti (1890–1988), Italian painter
 * Alexander Conti (born 1993), Canadian actor
 * Andrea Conti (footballer, born 1977), Italian football player
 * Andrea Conti (footballer, born 1994), Italian football player
 * Antonio Schinella Conti (1677–1749), Italian historian, mathematician, philosopher and physicist
 * Arnaldo Conti (1885–1919), Italian conductor of opera
 * Augusto Conti (1822–1905), Italian philosopher and educationist
 * Bernardino de' Conti (died 1525), Italian painter
 * Bill Conti (born 1942), film music director
 * Bob Conti (born 1947), American percussionist, record producer, songwriter, singer
 * Bruno Conti (born 1955), former football player and member of the Italy national football team in 1982
 * Carlo Conti (born 1961), Italian television presenter
 * Carlos Conti (1916–1975), Spanish comic writer
 * Chiara Conti (born 1973), Italian actress
 * Christian Conti (born 1987), Italian football player
 * Daniele Conti (born 1979), Italian football player
 * Diana Conti (born 1956), Argentine lawyer and politician
 * Elena Conti (born 1967), Italian biochemist and molecular biologist
 * Elmer W. Conti (1921–1988), American businessman and politician
 * Enio Conti (1913–2005), former US NFL player
 * Ettore Conti (1871–1972), Italian civil engineer, electricity industrialist, and businessman
 * Evan Conti (born 1993), American-Israeli basketball player and coach
 * Fabio Conti, Italian water polo coach
 * Febo Conti (1926–2012), Italian TV and radio presenter
 * Flora Di Conti (1898–1952), an early direct disciple of Paramahansa Yogananda
 * Francesca Conti (born 1972), female water polo goalkeeper
 * Francesco Bartolomeo Conti (1681–1732), Florentine composer
 * Francesco Conti (painter) (1681–1760), Italian artist
 * Fulvio Conti (born 1947), Italian financier
 * Gene Conti (born 1946), American government official
 * Germán Conti (born 1994), Argentine footballer
 * Giacomo Conti (artist) (1813–1888), Italian painter
 * Giacomo Conti (bobsledder) (1918–1992), Italian bobsledder
 * Gianmarco Conti (born 1992), Italian professional footballer
 * Gioacchino Conti (1714–1761), 18th-century castrato singer
 * Gregorio Conti, birthname of antipope Victor IV
 * Gregory Conti (1874-1919), Italian mafioso and boss of the Pittsburgh Mafia family in the 1910s
 * Gustavo de Conti (born 1980), Brazilian professional basketball coach
 * Guy Conti (born 1942), baseball advisor and bullpen coach
 * Haroldo Conti (1925–1976), Argentine writer, screenwriter, teacher, and Latin professor
 * Italia Conti (1873–1946), English actress
 * Ivan Conti, drummer with the band Azymuth
 * Jason Conti (born 1975), former outfielder in Major League Baseball
 * Jesse Corti (born 1955), a Venezuelan-American actor and voice actor
 * Jim Conti, a member of Streetlight Manifesto
 * Joe Conti (born 1954), president of the Pennsylvania Association of Broadcasters
 * John Conti, the founder of the john conti Coffee Company
 * Joy Flowers Conti (born 1948), a Chief United States District Judge
 * Kathleen Conti, member of the Colorado House of Representatives
 * Laura Conti (1921–1993), Italian anti-fascist partisan and a figure for Italian environmentalism
 * Leonardo Conti (1900–1945), German hockey player
 * Leonardo Conti (1900–1945), Swiss physician
 * Leopoldo Conti (1901–1970), Italian professional football player and coach
 * Luigi Conti (nuncio) (1929–2015), Roman Catholic archbishop and diplomat
 * Marco Conti (born 1969), Captain Regent of San Marino
 * Mario Conti (1934–2022), Scottish Roman Catholic prelate
 * Marzio Conti (born 1960), Italian conductor and flautist
 * Matías Conti (born 1990), Argentine football striker
 * Michele Conti (born 1983), Italian Grand Prix motorcycle racer
 * Natale Conti, an Italian mythographer, poet, humanist and historian
 * Neil Conti (born 1959), English drummer and music producer
 * Niccolò Da Conti, 15th-century Venetian merchant and explorer
 * Nina Conti (born 1973), ventriloquist and daughter of Tom Conti
 * Pamela Conti (born 1982), Italian football attacking midfielder
 * Paolo Conti (born 1950), former Italian football goalkeeper
 * Petra Conti (born 1988), Italian ballerina
 * Piero Gadda Conti (1902–1999), Italian novelist and film critic
 * Piero Ginori Conti (1865–1939), businessman and Italian politician
 * Rafael Conti (1746–1814), colonel in the Spanish Army
 * Raúl Conti (1928–2008), Argentine professional football player
 * Richard Conti (1937–2016), Judge of the Federal Court of Australia
 * Robert Conti (born 1945), American guitarist
 * Roberto Conti, Italian cyclist
 * Roberto Conti (mathematician) (1923–2006), Italian mathematician
 * Samuel Conti (1922-2018), United States federal judge
 * Servílio Conti (1916–2014), an Italian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
 * Stefano Conti, Italian 18th century merchant from Lucca
 * Taynara Conti (born 1995), Brazilian professional wrestler and former judoka
 * Tito Conti (1842–1924), Italian painter
 * Tom Conti (born 1941), Scottish actor, theatre director, and novelist
 * Ugo Conti (born 1955), Italian actor
 * Valerio Conti (born 1993), Italian cyclist
 * Walt Conti (born 1959), special effects artist

Disambiguation pages

 * Andrea Conti (disambiguation)
 * Cardinal Conti (disambiguation)
 * Francesco Conti (disambiguation)
 * Giacomo Conti (disambiguation)
 * Giovanni Conti (disambiguation)
 * Luigi Conti (disambiguation)

title: Conti


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Folk psychology

In philosophy of mind and cognitive science, folk psychology, or commonsense psychology, is a human capacity to explain and predict the behavior and mental state of other people. Processes and items encountered in daily life such as pain, pleasure, excitement, and anxiety use common linguistic terms as opposed to technical or scientific jargon. Folk psychology allows for an insight into social interactions and communication, thus stretching the importance of connection and how it is experienced.

Traditionally, the study of folk psychology has focused on how everyday people—those without formal training in the various academic fields of science—go about attributing mental states. This domain has primarily been centered on intentional states reflective of an individual's beliefs and desires; each described in terms of everyday language and concepts such as "beliefs", "desires", "fear", and "hope".

Belief and desire have been the main idea of folk psychology as both suggest the mental states we partake in. Belief comes from the mindset of how we take the world to be while desire comes from how we want the world to be. From both of these mindsets, our intensity of predicting others mental states can have different results.

Folk psychology is seen by many psychologists from two perspectives: the intentional stance or the regulative view. The regulative view of folk psychology insists that a person's behavior is more geared to acting towards the societal norms whereas the intentional stance makes a person behave based on the circumstances of how they are supposed to behave.

Intentionality
When perceiving, explaining, or criticizing human behaviour, people distinguish between intentional and unintentional actions. An evaluation of an action as stemming from purposeful action or accidental circumstances is one of the key determinants in social interaction. Others are the environmental conditions or pre-cognitive matters. For example, a critical remark that is judged to be intentional on the part of the receiver of the message can be viewed as a hurtful insult. Conversely, if considered unintentional, the same remark may be dismissed and forgiven.

The folk concept of intentionality is used in the legal system to distinguish between intentional and unintentional behavior. When looking at an individual, there is an unconventional way of explaining behavior in law. By looking at behaviors and expressions, folk psychology is used to predict behaviors that have been acted out in the past.

The importance of this concept transcends almost all aspects of everyday life: with empirical studies in social and developmental psychology exploring perceived intentionality's role as a mediator for aggression, relationship conflict, judgements of responsibility blame or punishment.

Recent empirical literature on folk psychology has shown that people's theories regarding intentional actions involve four distinct factors: beliefs, desires, causal histories, and enabling factors. Here, beliefs and desires represent the central variables responsible for the folk theories of intention.

Desires embody outcomes that an individual seeks, including those that are impossible to achieve. The key difference between desires and intentions is that desires can be purely hypothetical, whereas intentions specify an outcome that the individual is actually trying to bring to fruition.

In terms of beliefs, there are several types that are relevant to intentions—outcome beliefs and ability beliefs. Outcome beliefs are beliefs as to whether a given action will fulfill an intention, as in "purchasing a new watch will impress my friends". Ability consists of an actor's conviction regarding his or her ability to perform an action, as in "I really can afford the new watch". In light of this, Heider postulated that ability beliefs could be attributed with causing individuals to form goals that would not otherwise have been entertained.

Regulative
The regulative view of folk psychology is not the same of the intentional stance of folk psychology. This point of view is primarily concerned with the norms and patterns the correspond with our behavior and applying them in social situations. Our thoughts and behaviors are often shaped by folk psychology into the normative molds that help others predict and comprehend us.

According to the regulative point of view, social roles, cultural norms, generalizations, and stereotypes are grounded on social and developmental psychology's empirical data, which is what normative structures allude to. Based on how someone displays themselves, things like how you treat babies differently from adults and boys differently from girls might foretell how people will behave or react. According to this regulative perspective, folk psychology fulfills a "curiosity state" and a satisfactory answer satisfies the needs of the inquirer.

Moral character judgements play a significant role in comprehending folk psychology from a regulative perspective. Three categories of moral character traits are assigned: virtue-labeling, narrative-based moral assessment, as well as gossiping about traits and they use different approaches to social cognition. Although character judgement is a component in folk psychology, it does not take into consideration other processes that we engage in on the daily basis.

Context model
Folk psychology is crucial to evaluating and ultimately understanding novel concepts and items. Developed by Medin, Altom, and Murphy, the Context Model hypothesizes that as a result of mental models in the form of prototype and exemplar representations, individuals are able to more accurately represent and comprehend the environment around them.

According to the model, the overall similarity between the prototype and a given instance of a category is evaluated based on multiple dimensions (e.g., shape, size, color). A multiplicative function modeled after this phenomenon was created.

 * $$s(P,E_i)=\prod_ks(P,E_{ik})$$

Here, $$s(P, E_i)$$ represents the similarity between the prototype and the $$i$$th exemplar, $$k$$ is the subscript for the dimensions $$(k = 1, \dots, K)$$, and $$s(P, E_{ik})$$ is the similarity between the prototype and the $$i$$th exemplar on the $$k$$th dimension.

Prediction model
There are other prediction models when it comes to the different cognitive thoughts an individual might have when trying to predict human behavior or human mental states. From Lewis, one platitude includes individuals casually expressing stimuli and behavior. The other platitude includes assuming a type of mental state another has.

Consequence of prediction model
The prediction model has received some cautions as the idea of folk psychology has been a part of Lewis's ideas. Common statements about mental health have been considered in Lewis's prediction model, therefore there was an assumed lack of quality scientific research.

Conversational Model
Given that folk psychology represents causal knowledge associated with the mind's categorization processes, it follows that folk psychology is actively employed in aiding the explanation of everyday actions. Denis Hilton's (1990) Conversational Model was created with this causal explanation in mind, with the model having the ability to generate specific predictions. Hilton coined his model the 'conversational' model because he argued that as a social activity, unlike prediction, explanation requires an audience: to whom the individual explains the event or action. According to the model, causal explanations follow two particular conversational maxims from Grice's (1975) models of conversation—the manner maxim and the quantity maxim. Grice indicated that the content of a conversation should be relevant, informative, and fitting of the audience's gap in knowledge. Cognizant of this, the Conversational Model indicates that the explainer, upon evaluation of his audience, will modify his explanation to cater their needs. In essence, demonstrating the inherent need for mental comparison and in subsequent modification of behaviour in everyday explanations.

Belief–desire model
The belief–desire model of psychology illustrates one method in which folk psychology is utilized in everyday life. According to this model, people perform an action if they want an outcome and believe that it can be obtained by performing the action. However, beliefs and desires are not responsible for immediate action; intention acts as a mediator of belief/desire and action. In other words, consider a person who wants to achieve a goal, "G", and believes action "A" will aid in attaining "G"; this leads to an intention to perform "A", which is then carried out to produce action "A".

Schank & Abelson (1977) described this inclusion of typical beliefs, desires, and intentions underlying an action as akin to a "script" whereby an individual is merely following an unconscious framework that leads to the ultimate decision of whether an action will be performed. Similarly, Barsalou (1985) described the category of the mind as an "ideal" whereby if a desire, a belief, and an intention were all present, they would "rationally" lead to a given action. They coined this phenomenon the "ideal of rational action".

Goal-intentional action model
Existing literature has widely corroborated the fact that social behavior is greatly affected by the causes to which people attribute actions. In particular, it has been shown that an individual's interpretation of the causes of behavior reflects their pre-existing beliefs regarding the actor's mental state and motivation behind his or her actions. It follows that they draw on the assumed intentions of actors to guide their own responses to punish or reward the actor. This concept is extended to cover instances in which behavioral evidence is lacking. Under these circumstances, it has been shown that the individual will again draw on assumed intentions in order to predict the actions of the third party.

Although the two components are often used interchangeably in common parlance, there is an important distinction between the goals and intentions. This discrepancy lies in the fact that individuals with an intention to perform an action also foster the belief that it will be achieved, whereas the same person with a goal may not necessarily believe that the action is able to be performed in spite of having a strong desire to do so.

Predicting goals and actions, much like the Belief-Desire Model, involves moderating variables that determine whether an action will be performed. In the Goal-Intentional Action Model, the predictors of goals and actions are: the actors' beliefs about his or her abilities and their actual possession of preconditions required to carry out the action. Additionally, preconditions consist of the various conditions necessary in order for realization of intentions. This includes abilities and skills in addition to environmental variables that may come into play. Schank & Abelson raises the example of going to a restaurant, where the preconditions include the ability to afford the bill and get to the correct venue, in addition to the fact that the restaurant must be open for business. Traditionally, people prefer to allude to preconditions to explain actions that have a high probability of being unattainable, whereas goals tend to be described as a wide range of common actions.

Model of everyday inferences
Models of everyday inferences capture folk psychology of human informal reasoning. Many models of this nature have been developed. They express and refine our folk psychological ways of understanding of how one makes inferences.

For example, one model describes human everyday reasoning as combinations of simple, direct rules and similarity-based processes. From the interaction of these simple mechanisms, seemingly complex patterns of reasoning emerge. The model has been used to account for a variety of reasoning data.

Controversy
Folk psychology remains the subject of much contention in academic circles with respect to its scope, method and the significance of its contributions to the scientific community. A large part of this criticism stems from the prevailing impression that folk psychology is a primitive practice reserved for the uneducated and non-academics in discussing their everyday lives.

There is significant debate over whether folk psychology is useful for academic purposes; specifically, whether it can be relevant with regard to the scientific psychology domain. It has been argued that a mechanism used for laypeople's understanding, predicting, and explaining each other's actions is inapplicable with regards to the requirements of the scientific method. Conversely, opponents have called for patience, seeing the mechanism employed by laypeople for understanding each other's actions as important in their formation of bases for future action when encountering similar situations. Malle & Knobe hailed this systematization of people's everyday understanding of the mind as an inevitable progression towards a more comprehensive field of psychology. Medin et al. provide another advantage of conceptualizing folk psychology with their Mixture Model of Categorization: it is advantageous as it helps predict action.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Folk psychology


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Rideau Hall (TV series)

Rideau Hall is a Canadian television series broadcast in 2002 on CBC Television.

The show starred Bette MacDonald as Regina Gallant, an earthy, one-hit wonder disco queen who is recommended for appointment as Governor General by a conniving Prime Minister who anticipates that she will become a national embarrassment in the job, allowing him to move ahead in eliminating the position, along with the Canadian monarchy. Regina is brash and loud and highly unsuitable for a formal position, but has a charming common touch.

Each episode has her becoming embroiled in one scandal or another, usually not of her making, only to have things resolve in her favour by the end. Fiona Reid plays her prim and proper executive assistant Eleanor Sharpe, Jonathan Torrens plays her flakey gay press secretary Daniel Van Dusen, and Joe Dinicol plays her laconic, level-headed son Jason. Rejean Cournoyer plays the Prime Minister's aide who is the primary liaison between Rideau Hall and the Prime Minister's office; Barry Flatman played the prime minister in the pilot, but did not appear in the regular series.

Six half-hour episodes plus an hour-long pilot were produced. The show was not renewed for a second season.

title: Rideau Hall (TV series)


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Chimborazo

Chimborazo is an inactive stratovolcano situated in Ecuador in the Cordillera Occidental range of the Andes. Its last known eruption is believed to have occurred around 550 A.D. Although not the tallest mountain in the Andes or on Earth relative to sea level, its summit is the farthest point on Earth's surface from the Earth's center due to its location along the planet's equatorial bulge. Chimborazo's height from sea level is 6,263 m (20,548 ft), well below that of Mount Everest (8,849 m).

Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador and the 39th-highest peak in the entire Andes. It is a popular destination for mountaineering due to its challenging climbing routes, which involve traversing snow, ice, and rocky terrain.

Etymology
Several theories regarding the origin of the name Chimborazo exist. In many dialects of Quechua, "chimba" means "on the other side" as in "on the other side of the river" or "on the opposite bank." Other dialects pronounce this word "chimpa." Also, "razu" means "ice" or "snow." Local Quichua speakers say that Chimborazo is a Hispanicized pronunciation of "chimbarazu", meaning "the snow on the other side." Another theory suggests it is a combination of the Cayapa Schingbu for Women and the Colorado/Quichua Razo for Ice/Snow resulting in Women of Ice. According to another, Chimbo is Jívaro for Throne of Master/God resulting in Icethrone of God. The locals also used to call the mountain Urcurazu, with the Quichua Urcu for Mountain resulting in Mountain of Ice. In local indigenous mysticism, Chimborazo represents Taita (Father) whereas neighbouring Tungurahua is seen as Mama, and Guagua (Child) for Pichincha hence Taita Chimborazo, Mama Tungurahua and Guagua Pichincha.

Location
Chimborazo is in the Chimborazo Province of Ecuador, 150. km south-southwest of the city of Quito, Ecuador. It is a neighbor to 5,018 m high Carihuairazo, another inactive stratovolcano. Chimborazo's summit rises 2,500. m above the surrounding highlands (~3,500. to 4,000. m) with a ≈20. km wide base.

Under clear conditions, the summit of Chimborazo can be seen from the coastal city Guayaquil, nearly 140. km away. The nearest cities are Riobamba (~30 km to the southeast), Ambato (~30 km to the northeast) and Guaranda (~25 km to the southwest). Chimborazo is surrounded by the Reserva de Producción Faunistica Chimborazo, which forms a protected ecosystem to preserve the habitat for the Andes native camelids of vicuña, llama and alpaca.

Chimborazo is at the main end of the Ecuadorian Volcanic Arc, northwest of the town of Riobamba. Chimborazo is in la Avenida de los Volcanes (the Avenue of Volcanoes) west of the Sanancajas mountain chain. Carihuairazo, Tungurahua, Tulabug, and El Altar are all mountains that neighbor Chimborazo. The closest mountain peak, Carihuairazo, is 5.8 mi from Chimborazo. There are many microclimates near Chimborazo, varying from desert in the Arenal to the humid mountains in the Abraspungo valley.

Glaciers
The top of Chimborazo is completely covered by glaciers, with some northeastern glacier arms flowing down to 4,600 m. Its glacier is the source of water for the population of the Bolivar and Chimborazo provinces of Ecuador. Chimborazo glacier's ice mass has decreased over the past decades, which is thought to be in large part due to climate change, as well as ash cover from recent volcanic activity at Tungurahua, and the El Niño phenomenon.

As on other glaciated Ecuadorian mountains, Chimborazo's glacial ice is mined by locals (the so-called Hieleros from Spanish Hielo for Ice) to be sold in the markets of Guaranda and Riobamba. In earlier days, the people transported ice for cooling uses down to coastal towns such as Babahoyo or Vinces.

Elevation
With an elevation of 6263 m, Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador and the Andes north of Peru; it is higher than any more northerly summit in the Americas.

Farthest point from Earth's center
The summit of Mount Everest is higher above sea level, but the summit of Chimborazo is widely reported to be the farthest point on the surface from Earth's center, with Huascarán a very close second.

The summit of Chimborazo is the fixed point on Earth that has the utmost distance from the center – because of the oblate spheroid shape of the planet Earth, which is thicker at the Equator than it is from pole to pole. Chimborazo is one degree south of the Equator and the Earth's diameter at the Equator is greater than at the latitude of Everest (8848 m above sea level), nearly 28° north, with sea level also elevated. Despite being 2585 m lower in elevation above sea level, it is 6384.4 km from the Earth's center, 2163 m farther than the summit of Everest (6382.3 km from the Earth's center). However, by height above sea level, Chimborazo is not the highest peak of the Andes.

Centrifugal force from the Earth's rotation, and distance from the center of the Earth, cause the force of gravity to be slightly reduced near the equator. The summit of Chimborazo has about one percent less gravity than the point with the highest gravitational force. Yet, due to its height above the surrounding terrain and local gravity anomalies, the summit of Huascarán is the place on Earth with the smallest gravitational force.

Geology
Chimborazo is an ice-capped inactive volcano. It is a double volcano composed of one volcanic edifice on top of another. Chimborazo shows four summits; Whymper, Veintimilla, Politecnica, and Nicolas Martínez. The Whymper peak is the highest point on the mountain at 6,263 meters. The Veintimilla peak is about 6234 m high. The Politecnica peak is 5820 m high. The last peak, Nicolas Martínez, is 5570 m high and was named after the father of Ecuadorian mountaineering. The volcano is categorized as a stratovolcano. This type of volcano is characterized as having low slopes at the bottom that gradually get steeper the higher up the mountain. Chimborazo has a circumference of 78 mi and a diameter of 30 mi. Chimborazo's upper elevations are covered in glaciers that are decreasing in size due to climate change and falling ash from the nearby volcano, Tungurahua. In addition to the glaciers, the volcano is covered with craters. The volcano is dominantly andesitic to dacitic. This means that the lava is blocky, or flowing down the sides of the volcano, or somewhere in between.

Chimborazo is 73.5 meters higher than the highest mountain in North America. Chimborazo is often associated with the nearby volcano Cotopaxi, although the two volcanoes have completely different structures.

Volcanism
Chimborazo is a dominantly andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano. About 35,000 years ago a collapse of Chimborazo produced a debris avalanche with an average thickness of forty meters, which underlies the city of Riobamba. It temporarily dammed the Río Chambo, causing an ephemeral lake.

Chimborazo then erupted several times during the Holocene, the last time around 550 AD ± 150 years. The eruptions after the collapse were primarily andesitic, or blocky, coagulated lava flow. These eruptions produced pyroclastic surges that went down as far as 3800 meters altitude. There have been at least seven eruptions in the past 10000 years. Chimborazo is officially considered inactive, but studies show that there may be an eruption in the future. The average time between eruptions for Chimborazo is 1,000 years, and the last eruption was 1,400 years ago.

Surveys and expeditions

Until the beginning of the 19th century, it was thought that Chimborazo was the highest mountain on Earth (measured from sea level), and such reputation led to many attempts on its summit during the 17th and 18th centuries.

In 1746, the volcano was explored by French academicians from the French Geodesic Mission. Their mission was to determine the sphericity of the Earth. Their work along with another team in Lapland established that the Earth was an oblate spheroid rather than a true sphere. They did not reach the summit of Chimborazo.

In June 1802, during his expedition to South America, the Prussian-born traveler Alexander von Humboldt, accompanied by the French botanist Aimé Bonpland and the Ecuadorian Carlos Montúfar, tried to reach the summit. From his description of the mountain, it seems that before he and his companions had to return suffering from altitude sickness they reached a point at 5,875 m, higher than previously attained by any European in recorded history (Incans had reached much higher altitudes previously; see Llullaillaco). In 1831, Jean-Baptiste Boussingault and Colonel Hall reached a new "highest point", estimated to be 6,006 m. Other failed attempts to reach the summit followed. On 4 January 1880, the English climber Edward Whymper reached the summit of Chimborazo. The route that Whymper took up the mountain is now known as the Whymper route. Edward Whymper, and his Italian guides Louis Carrel and Jean-Antoine Carrel, were the first Europeans to summit a mountain higher than 20000 feet. As there were many critics who doubted that Whymper had reached the summit, later in the same year he climbed to the summit again, choosing a different route (Pogyos) with the Ecuadorians David Beltrán and Francisco Campaña.

SAETA Flight 232
In August 1976, SAETA Flight 232 carrying 55 passengers and four crew members aboard a Vickers Viscount from Quito to Cuenca disappeared en route. In February 2003, after almost 27 years, the aircraft was found with the bodies of its 59 occupants at an elevation of 5310 m on Chimborazo by Ecuadorian climbers, on the rarely used eastern route Integral.

Mountaineering
As Ecuador's highest mountain, Chimborazo is a very popular climb and can be climbed year round with the best seasons being December–January and July–August.

Routes
The easiest (IFAS Grade: PD) and most climbed routes are the Normal and the Whymper route. Both are western ridge routes starting at the Whymper hut and leading via the Ventemilla summit to the main (Whymper) summit. There are several other less used and more challenging routes on the mountain's other faces and ridges leading to one of Chimborazo's summits: Main (Whymper, Ecuador), Politecnico (Central), N. Martinez (Eastern). The mountain is contained on the IGM (Instituto Geografico Militar) 1:50000 Map Chimborazo (CT-ÑIV-C1).

Huts
There are two functioning huts, the Carrel Hut (4,850 m) and the nearby Whymper Hut (5,000 m). The Carrel Hut can be reached by car from Riobamba, Ambato or Guaranda. On the northwest side there is the now defunct Zurita hut (4,900 m), which served as base for the Pogyos route.

Climbing
El Castillo is the most popular route up the volcano. This route is usually climbed December to February and June to September. This route involves climbing the west side of the volcano. The route starts at Whymper hut to a saddle above El Castillo. From the saddle, there is a glacier ridge. Then climbers go to the Veintemilla summit. Veintemilla summit is often the turnaround point for climbers. There is a 30-minute snow-filled basin between Veintemilla summit and Whymper summit. Whymper summit is the highest point of the mountain. The El Castillo route takes around eight to twelve hours to ascend and about three to five hours to descend. Climbing Chimborazo is dangerous due to the risk of avalanches, the severe weather conditions, and the fact that it is covered in glaciers. Climbing begins at night in order to reach the summit before sunrise when the snow melts, which increases the chance of avalanche and rockfall.

The climb itself demands skill. The climb is often on black ice, so crampons and other technical climbing equipment are required. On November 10, 1993 three parties of climbers, one ascending and two descending, were caught in an avalanche on the steep slopes below the Veintimilla summit. This avalanche buried ten climbers in a crevasse at 18,700 ft. These climbers comprised six French, two Ecuadorians, one Swiss, and one Chilean. After the ten climbers were buried in snow, it took twenty people and ten days to find their bodies. This was considered the worst climbing accident in Ecuador.

Cultural references

 * Chimborazo is featured on the Ecuadorian coat of arms, to represent the beauty and richness of the Ecuadorian Sierra (Highlands).
 * Simón Bolívar's poem, "Mi delirio sobre el Chimborazo", was inspired by the mountain.
 * In his central essay "The Poet", Ralph Waldo Emerson uses the Chimborazo as metaphor for the poet (and the creative genius in general), who "must stand out of our low limitations".
 * Walter J. Turner's poem "Romance" contains the couplet "Chimborazo, Cotopaxi/They had stolen my soul away!"
 * The American landscape painter Frederick Edwin Church features the Chimborazo in the background of his famous work The Heart of the Andes (1859) as well as in his painting Chimborazo (1864).
 * Miguel Ángel León wrote a poem entitled "Canto al Chimborazo" (Song to Chimborazo).
 * David Weber's novel The Armageddon Inheritance mentions Mount Chimborazo as the site for a massive planetary defense installation.

title: Chimborazo


text:
Dejan Bodiroga

Dejan Bodiroga (Дејан Бодирога; born 2 March 1973) is a Serbian basketball executive and former professional player, who is currently the President of EuroLeague Basketball. In 1998 and 2002, he received the Golden Badge award for the best athlete of Yugoslavia, and the Yugoslav Olympic Committee also declared him the Sportsman of the Year. He was named to the FIBA All-Time EuroStars Team in 2007. In 2018, he was named one of the 101 Greats of European Basketball. HoopsHype named Bodiroga one of the 75 Greatest International Players Ever in 2021. He was inducted into the Greek Basket League Hall of Fame in 2022.

During his playing career, he mainly played at the small forward position, but he could also play point forward, and at both guard positions. A EuroLeague icon of the early part of the 2000s, Bodiroga was named to the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors in 2008, and to the EuroLeague 2000–2010 All-Decade Team in 2010. He was also voted by fans the EuroLeague's 2000–2010 Player of the Decade. At the club level, Bodiroga proved himself to be a symbol of basketball excellence, by lifting consecutive EuroLeague trophies in 2002 and 2003, with Panathinaikos and FC Barcelona, as he earned the EuroLeague Final Four MVP award both times. He also won each of the three major European national domestic basketball league titles: the Spanish ACB League, the Italian A League, and the Greek Basket League. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest European players of all time.

With the senior FR Yugoslavian national team, Bodiroga won three EuroBasket gold medals, in 1995, 1997, and 2001, as well as a bronze medal in 1999. With FR Yugoslavia, he also won a silver medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. In addition to that, Bodiroga also won two FIBA World Cup gold medals with FR Yugoslavia, in 1998 and 2002, earning MVP honors in the former.

Yugoslavia (1989–1991)
Bodiroga first started playing structured basketball at the age of 13. He enrolled in Zrenjanin's Mašinac (Servo Mihalj) basketball section, under supervision of local basketball enthusiast Rade Prvulov. At the age of fifteen, he sprung up to 2.05m, and was quickly incorporated into the first team squad, coached by Miodrag Nikolić, a former OKK Belgrade and SFR Yugoslav national team player in the 1960s.

His domestic career took off when, at 17, he was noticed by Krešimir Ćosić at a friendly youth tournament that featured Mašinac and Zadar among others, where Bodiroga scored 32 points in a game that pitted two teams. Ćosić then brought Bodiroga for a week-long basketball camp in Zadar and eventually persuaded Bodiroga's family to allow their son to move away to Zadar. In the meantime Bodiroga signed a pre-contract with Vojvodina so that when he finally went to Zadar in autumn 1989 he wasn't right away eligible for the first team, meaning that he first worked with coach Josip Grdović in the club's youth sections while simultaneously attending high school. After a year he was allowed to be moved into the full squad, then under head coach Slavko Trninić. After just one season in the first team, Bodiroga's stay in Zadar came to a premature end due to the impending war. Ćosić, his mentor, did everything in his power to help Bodiroga find a new club.

Italy (1992–1996)
Originally, trials were arranged with AEK and Olympiacos, with both clubs offering a contract solely on the condition that Bodiroga become a naturalised Greek citizen. He ultimately refused the conditions and ended up traveling to Italy instead, joining a Stefanel Trieste emerging team, coached by Bogdan Tanjević and financially backed by the Stefanel clothing empire. In Trieste, he first captured the attention of the wider basketball public. Shortly after his arrival in the summer of 1992, he made an impact, averaging 21.3 points per game over 30 league matches and leading his team to the playoffs. There, however, they were quickly disposed of in the second round by the more experienced Clear Cantù.

He had a stellar season for Trieste in 1993–94, this time leading his team deeper into the playoffs. In the semifinals game 3 against Scavolini Pesaro, Carlton Myers' buzzer beater clinched a 2–1 series victory for Pesaro. Trieste also reached the FIBA Korać Cup final, where they surrendered to PAOK from Thessaloniki, who starred Zoran Savić, Walter Berry and Bane Prelević. After that season, Stefanel changed its backing to Olimpia Milano, sparking an exodus of Trieste players and coaches to Lombardy (coach Tanjević, Bodiroga, Gregor Fučka, Alessandro De Pol, Davide Cantarello, and Ferdinando Gentile).

Bodiroga's leading role remained unchanged as he developed into an all-around player. In 1994–95, Olimpia reached the Korać Cup final, with players that also reached it the previous year in Trieste. However, they lost to Alba Berlin, coached by Svetislav Pešić, who would later play a big role in Bodiroga's career. On the home front, the team made it to the playoff semi-finals but lost 3–2 to the eventual champions, Buckler Bologna, led by another Serbian superstar, Predrag Danilović. The two Serbs turned the series into a personal duel, with Danilović's experience prevailing in the end.

The summer of 1995 was an important milestone for Bodiroga. He became part of the great FR Yugoslavia squad that was making its comeback after years of international exile. The team was loaded with stars like Aleksandar Đorđević, Vlade Divac, Žarko Paspalj, Danilović and Savić. Together, they won the gold in one of the most spectacular finals in EuroBasket history against a Lithuania that featured the likes of Arvydas Sabonis, Šarūnas Marčiulionis, Rimas Kurtinaitis, and Artūras Karnišovas.

That same summer, Bodiroga was drafted by the Sacramento Kings in the 1995 NBA draft (second round, #51 overall). One year later, the Kings selected his younger countryman Peja Stojaković. However, unlike Stojaković, Bodiroga declined the offer to play in the NBA, choosing instead to remain in Europe. In 1995–96, Bodiroga won his first trophy in Milan, but the Korać Cup was again lost, this time to Efes Pilsen.

In the league, Bodiroga led the way with 23.3 points per game in 32 regular season matches. During the playoffs, they beat Virtus 3–1 in the semi-finals (Danilovic left for the Miami Heat in the summer), and Teamsystem Bologna led by Myers, Đorđević and Alessandro Frosini. He took his place in the FR Yugoslav national team for the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta and he brought home a silver medal, with Dream Team III winning the gold.

Real Madrid (1996–1998)
For the 1996–97 season, Bodiroga joined Real Madrid after an offer of $1 million per season, and teaming up with coach Željko Obradović, whom he knew well from his national team stints. The squad also featured veteran Joe Arlauckas as well as established internationals Alberto Herreros and Mikhail Mikhaylov. In the Spanish ACB League finals, they faced an FC Barcelona team that boasted Aleksandar Đorđević, Jerrod Mustaf, and Artūras Karnišovas. FC Barcelona prevailed 3–2, winning the deciding 5th game 82–69 away, as Madrid settled with the European Cup trophy.

On the national basketball front, Yugoslavia rolled over the competition with considerable ease en route to another EuroBasket gold in 1997, with Bodiroga again playing an integral role. In the group stages, the Serbs faced Croatia, in the first meeting in basketball between the two nations since the breakup of the old Yugoslavia. The game carried much political tension and was low-scoring, with Đorđević winning it for FR Yugoslavia (by then comprising only Serbia and Montenegro) with a dramatic 3-pointer at the end.

In Bodiroga's next and final season with Real Madrid, (and without Obradovic, who had moved to Benetton Treviso) there were no improvements, as the team was ousted in the league's semifinals by TDK Manresa. He did achieve league MVP honours for the 1997–98 season. That summer's national team duty was happier, as it brought another World Championship title for FR Yugoslavia, the first for Bodiroga. Now 25, Bodiroga was, together with Đorđević (who suffered knee problems and played few minutes) and Željko Rebrača, one of the team leaders.

Panathinaikos (1998–2002)
The same summer of 1998 also saw Bodiroga move to the Greek powerhouse Panathinaikos, where club chairman Pavlos Giannakopoulos began assembling a team to conquer Europe. As such, Bodiroga was the final piece of the jigsaw puzzle that already included Dino Rađa, Fragiskos Alvertis, Michael Koch, "Nando" Gentile, Pat Burke and coach Slobodan Subotić.

The Greens won the Greek League, but the EuroLeague ended in a disappointing note, leading to the departures of Radja and Subotić, with the latter's replacement being old acquaintance Željko Obradović, who brought along Željko Rebrača from Benetton Treviso, Johnny Rogers from Olympiacos and Oded Kattash from Maccabi Tel Aviv. After such an investment, Panathinaikos captured both the 1999–00 Greek League and the EuroLeague trophies, the latter coming in a final versus Maccabi Tel Aviv. In 2001, Panathinaikos again won the Greek Championship and also reached the SuproLeague final in Paris. A year later, Bodiroga was named the EuroLeague Final Four MVP, as the Greeks beat hosts Kinder Bologna, and their star player Manu Ginóbili 89–83.

In the international front, Bodiroga, as the team's undisputed leader, helped FR Yugoslavia win the EuroBasket 2001 in Turkey and the 2002 FIBA World Championship in Indianapolis. In this competition, the national side defeated Team USA in the quarterfinals and the Argentine national team in the final, in overtime.

Barcelona (2002–2005)
In the summer of 2002, Bodiroga returned to the Spanish league's FC Barcelona, which was managed by Svetislav Pešić and had players like Šarūnas Jasikevičius, Gregor Fučka and Juan Carlos Navarro. He won the EuroLeague with Barça (the first time the team achieved this), and also added two domestic league titles with them.

Virtus Roma (2005–2007)
In the 2005–06 season, Bodiroga came back to the Italian League, this time with Lottomatica Roma, re-joining coach Pešić, as the team played in the ULEB Cup (now called EuroCup). After getting eliminated from European contention in the round of 16 and losing the Italian Cup final (83–85) to Carpisa Napoli, Virtus finished the season in 6th place with a 22–12 record in the national league. Bodiroga finished the year with a 15.7 points-per-game regular season scoring average.

The playoff first round pitted Roma against favorites Montepaschi Siena. After dropping the first game, Bodiroga dominated the series in a 3–1 victory. During the 2006–07 season's playoffs, however, both teams played again, with the exact opposite outcome. After the fourth and final game, Bodiroga announced his retirement from professional basketball in June 2007.

Junior national team
Bodiroga was a member of the SFR Yugoslav junior national teams. He played at the 1990 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. He also played at the FIBA Under-19 World Cup, where he was named the MVP of the tournament.

Senior national team
Bodiroga made his debut for the senior SFR Yugoslav national team in 1991, at the first round of the 1991 Mediterranean Games in Athens. He was also a regular member of the senior FR Yugoslavia national team, throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, participating in a total of three Summer Olympics (1996, 2000, 2004, ) two FIBA World Cups (1998 and 2002) and five EuroBaskets (1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2005).

Bodiroga retired from the national team after the EuroBasket 2005 fiasco, in which his team, one of the tournament's favorites, was eliminated as early as the first elimination round, by the French national team, on their own home court, in a tournament that ended with a verbal tirade by head coach Željko Obradović, at the team's final press conference. At which, the coach revealed there had been numerous fights between many of the team's players.

He won the following medals: EuroBasket 1995 (gold), 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympic Games (silver), EuroBasket 1997 (gold), 1998 FIBA World Championship (gold), EuroBasket 1999 (bronze), EuroBasket 2001 (gold), 2002 FIBA World Championship (gold). He was selected to the EuroBasket All-Tournament Teams in 1997 and 1999. He was also selected the FIBA World Cup MVP in 1998.

EuroLeague career statistics

 * style="text-align:left;"| 1997–98
 * style="text-align:left;"| Real Madrid
 * 16 || N/A || 31.3 || .600 || .313 || .770 || 5.8 || 2.3 || .4 || .0 || 15.8 || N/A
 * style="text-align:left;"| 1998–99
 * style="text-align:left;" rowspan=4| Panathinaikos
 * 17 || N/A || 36.1 || .624 || .526 || .760 || 4.6 || 3.6 || 1.2 || .0 || 20.2 || N/A
 * style="text-align:left;background:#AFE6BA"| 1999–00†
 * 22 || N/A || 34.6 || .587 || .375 || .741 || 4.9 || 3.4 || .8 || .0 || 17.2 || N/A
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2000–01
 * 24 || N/A || 30.4 || .575 || .381 || .780 || 4.7 || 2.9 || 1.0 || .0 || 17.8 || N/A
 * style="text-align:left;background:#AFE6BA;"| 2001–02†
 * 22 || 17 || 32.3 || .590 || .390 || .796 || 5.2 || 1.9 || 1.0 || .0 || 20.0 || 23.1
 * style="text-align:left;background:#AFE6BA;"| 2002–03†
 * style="text-align:left;" rowspan=3| Barcelona
 * 22 || 20 || 31.5 || .554 || .417 || .810 || 3.8 || 2.4 || .8 || .0 || 16.1 || 18.9
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2003–04
 * 17 || 17 || 32.3 || .544 || .313 || .785 || 4.5 || 2.4 || 1.0 || .1 || 14.8 || 17.5
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2004–05
 * 20 || 18 || 30.6 || .532 || .308 || .813 || 4.8 || 1.1 || .5 || .1 || 15.1 || 16.0
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2006–07
 * style="text-align:left;"| Lottomatica
 * 19 || 17 || 29.1 || .496 || .415 || .727 || 4.1 || 2.5 || 1.4 || .1 || 13.6 || 14.7
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:left;"| Career
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * 179 || N/A || 32.2 || .567 || .387 || .778 || 4.7 || 2.5 || .9 || .0 || 16.8 || N/A
 * 20 || 18 || 30.6 || .532 || .308 || .813 || 4.8 || 1.1 || .5 || .1 || 15.1 || 16.0
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2006–07
 * style="text-align:left;"| Lottomatica
 * 19 || 17 || 29.1 || .496 || .415 || .727 || 4.1 || 2.5 || 1.4 || .1 || 13.6 || 14.7
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:left;"| Career
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * 179 || N/A || 32.2 || .567 || .387 || .778 || 4.7 || 2.5 || .9 || .0 || 16.8 || N/A
 * 179 || N/A || 32.2 || .567 || .387 || .778 || 4.7 || 2.5 || .9 || .0 || 16.8 || N/A

Club

 * 1995–96: Olimpia Milano – Italian League, Italian Cup
 * 1996–97: Real Madrid – FIBA EuroCup (FIBA Saporta Cup)
 * 1998–99: Panathinaikos – Greek League
 * 1999–00: Panathinaikos – EuroLeague, Greek League
 * 2000–01: Panathinaikos – Greek League
 * 2001–02: Panathinaikos – EuroLeague
 * 2002–03: FC Barcelona – Spanish League, EuroLeague, Spanish Cup
 * 2003–04: FC Barcelona – Spanish League, Spanish Supercup

FR Yugoslavian senior national team

 * EuroBasket: 3 Gold medals – 1995, 1997, 2001
 * EuroBasket: 1 Bronze medal – 1999
 * FIBA World Cup: 2 Gold medals – 1998, 2002
 * Summer Olympic Games: 1 Silver medal – 1996

Junior national team

 * 1991 FIBA Under-19 World Cup: MVP

Senior national team

 * 1997 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team
 * 1998 FIBA World Championship: All-Tournament Team
 * 1998 FIBA World Championship: MVP
 * 2× Yugoslavian Athlete of the Year: 1998, 2002
 * 2× Yugoslav Olympic Committee Sportsman of the Year: 1998, 2002
 * 1999 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team

Pro clubs

 * 2× Italian League All-Star: 1993, 1994
 * 2× ULEB All-Star: 1993, 1994
 * 3× Spanish League All-Star: 1996, 1997, 2003
 * 4× FIBA EuroStar: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2007
 * Spanish League MVP: 1997–98
 * 3× Greek League All-Star: 1998, 1999, 2002
 * Greek All-Star Game MVP: 1999
 * Greek League MVP: 1998–99
 * 2× Greek League Finals MVP (1998–99, 1999–00)
 * 2× EuroLeague Finals Top Scorer: 2001, 2003
 * EuroLeague Top 16 MVP: 2001–02
 * 2× EuroLeague Final Four MVP: 2001–02, and 2002–03
 * 3× All-EuroLeague 1st Team choice: 2001–02, 2002–03, and 2003–04
 * All-Europe Player of the Year: 2002
 * Spanish Cup (Copa del Rey) MVP: 2003
 * Spanish Supercup MVP: 2004
 * Spanish League Finals MVP: 2004
 * All-Spanish League Team: (2004)
 * FIBA All-Time EuroStars Team: 2007
 * 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: 2008
 * EuroLeague 2000–10 All-Decade Team: 2010
 * EuroLeague 2000–10 Player of the Decade: 2010
 * 101 Greats of European Basketball: 2018
 * HoopsHype's 75 Greatest International Players Ever: 2021
 * Greek League Hall of Fame: 2022

Executive career
After retiring from playing professional basketball in June 2007, Bodiroga became the general manager of the Italian club Virtus Roma, thus continuing at the club where he finished his playing career. He ended his general manager term in June 2009.

In April 2010, Bodiroga along with fellow former player Željko Rebrača sued the Carmel, Indiana-based company Worldwide Associates LLC for investment fraud. They allege in their suit they each gave the company more than $4 million to manage, which the company used as venture capital in speculative startup companies instead of investing it in traditional securities.

From 2011 to 2015, he served as the Vice President of the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS). In June 2014, he was appointed as the President of the Competition Commission of FIBA Europe. In February 2015, Bodiroga left the Basketball Federation of Serbia, in order to focus more on his job with FIBA Europe.

In May 2022, Bodiroga was announced as one of the candidates to be the successor of Jordi Bertomeu, to take over the role of President of EuroLeague Basketball. On 14 September 2022, Bodiroga was officially named EuroLeague Basketball's new President.

Personal life
The son of Vaso and Milka Bodiroga, Dejan is a devout Serbian Orthodox Christian. His father hails from the village of Bodiroge near Trebinje and was among the wave of migrants from Herzegovina that moved northwards following the devastations of World War II. On 13 July 2003 Bodiroga married his long-time fiancée Ivana Medić; the couple's first child was born in 2004.

Bodiroga is a relative of Croatian basketball player Dražen Petrović. Bodiroga's paternal grandmother and Petrović's paternal grandfather are brother and sister, making Bodiroga and Petrović second cousins. Although he never played for the club, Bodiroga is a declared fan of Partizan and is often seen at their games. Bodiroga is one of the founding members of the Group Seven Children's Foundation.

Bodiroga is one of a small number of players that have won the EuroLeague championship with clubs from two different countries, and he is also one of the few players to win each of the top three most important European national domestic leagues historically, the Italian League, the Greek League, and the Spanish League. During his playing career, Bodiroga had several nicknames – Bodi Bond, "White Magic", Mr. MVP, and God.

In Serbia, he is admired for his unassuming and quiet way of going about matters. Bodiroga is also highly regarded by fans of the Greek club Panathinaikos, due to the high level of passion that he displayed in the games he played in against the club's arch-rivals, Olympiacos.

title: Dejan Bodiroga


text:
Talk:Fray (comics)

Dicdef
Fray (military): combat area, line of fire. "The officers lead their troops into the fray." Possible origin: The battle order was torn up or frayed under enemy fire.

 * This is Wikipedia, not Wiktionary. —Paul A 08:07, 10 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I pulled his section out, as a dicdef, and not a helpful disambig. -- Netoholic @ 03:55, 2004 Sep 25 (UTC)
 * In textiles, fraying refers to the way wovens begin to come apart at the edge: the weave becomes undone and threads pull out easily. See also * pinking shears

My Theory
Here's what I think happened to all those slayers that got activated got dwindled down to one slayer.

Remember that Joss Whedon original wanted the line to run through Buffy and Faith. When Buffy died, Dawn existed as her, possibly the other slayer. But, since Dawn hasn't seen action, the line only went through Faith. So as many slayers were chosen and called, the line only went through Faith. and over the years, the numbers of slayers dwindled. So at one era, there were many slayers until the 26th century where only one existed.

And the scythe may have been in one of the New York Slayers' possession.

-Tommy--AmokMyth 03:59, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Several things are wrong with your theory: first, Dawn was not a Potential. This was actually addressed in one of the season seven episodes. And people would have noticed if she had become a Slayer, because she would have gained superhuman abilities. So the Dawn=Slayer business? Does not fit, so I'm not sure where you're going with it. It was also made pretty clear that it's Buffy's mystical resurrection that caused the Slayer line to screw up, not her second death (I always wondered if another Slayer was called at her death, but canon evidence seems to suggest that nothing happened, hence, the line WOULD go only through Faith, though why the previous death/resurrection would be any less disruptive than the mystical one, I have no idea). And there's a VERY simple reason for why "the numbers of Slayers dwindled" (btw, please caps Slayer; it's not just a word, it's a title, and it's capitilized in canon!): Slayers do not pass on their powers to offpsring. Robin Wood is proof of this. Heck, the Potentials are proof of this, since even though they show some special signs of being a Potential Slayer (dreams, a bit of instinct when it comes to fighting), they can't become full-fledged Slayers without some mystical trigger, either the death of the Slayer in line immediately in front of them or a spell such as the one Willow used in "Chosen".

 * In any case, so yes, simple explanation for there being only one Slayer: all the previous Potentials who had had their Slayer powers awakened during Buffy's time simply died, as you'd expect them to eventually do (some probably even of natural causes, since estimates range in the hundreds or more for the number of Potentials). Actual full-fledged Slayer abilties clearly have to be awakened through mystical means, anyway - again, either the previous Slayer dies or there's a spell that does it - so even if there were a "Potential Slayer" gene, it has a very good chance of doing pretty much nothing unless it has the mystical activation, which since there were no demons left in this world, there would not have been a need for.

 * Side note - this ain't Star Trek. Fray does NOT take place in the "26th" century. It takes place in either the 24th or 23rd century, since it's been two centuries since the 21st century demonic banishment. Please double-check your numbers or learn to count. I just lent out my copy, so I can't check if they listed which century it was, but it was made pretty damn clear that it was about two centuries since the 21st century. Depending on how exact it was and what point of the 21st century they speak of, it could be the dawn of the 24th or it could be the 23rd. Somebody with a copy still on them should double-check.

 * I do, however, like your theory regarding the scythe. Simple, but actually makes sense. Or perhaps the demons Urkonn gets his orders from stole it or were originally guarding it. 63.21.81.221 09:54, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * That's a nice theory, but in the Buffy finale, as the Potentials were being awakened, Buffy clearly stated, "From now on, every girl in the world who might be a Slayer will be a Slayer," which tends to make me think that from that point on, all Potentials would become Slayers...so there would have to be another reason for there only being one Slayer. Either that, or Buffy was just wrong...*gasp*
 * Icthyos 20:16, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * User:63.21.81.221 is right, the simplest explanation is that no Potential Slayers were born for a long time because there was no need for them. However, it is ironic that he or she wrote that bit about this not being Star Trek, since Star Trek actually takes place in the 23rd and 24th centuries, not the 26th. -- Noneofyourbusiness 00:30, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that confusion happened partly because Star Trek's portrayal of human advancement is much farther along than Fray's - thus feeling like surely it must be set further in the future, even if it isn't actually. A better contrast reference might have been Firefly, which actually did take place in the early 2500's A.D. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.238.16.168 (talk) 07:09, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

The Apocalypse
This article addresses that the apocalyptic battle described in Fray, and how it was never shown on Buffy or Angel. However, its evidence that the battle in Not Fade Away did not herald the beginning of this apocalypse is that comics set afterwards do not show evidence of a cataclysm. However, those comics aren't canon. I'm editing that section to remove the references to the comics. Alpha5099 06:54, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Buffy Season Eight (canonical post-season seven comics series) is apparently going to address it eventually... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.238.16.168 (talk) 09:09, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Expansion?
Would anyone consider making articles for Melaka Fray and Harth Fray, would there be enough information? Zythe 14:27, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I think they both do not justify articles of their own and should be covered within this article. See WP:FICT. --Fritz S. (Talk) 15:04, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for answering :) Zythe 15:08, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I've just fleshed out Mel's article at the Buffyverse wiki and linked to it on the article. That way, fans wanting to see a character page can have one, but we aren't making unnecessary articles on Wikipedia. :)     Paul    730  01:26, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello. I just reverted that, according to the policy on External Links, which says they shouldn't be in the body of the article.  We're also apparently discouraged from linking to wikis unless they're very stable or edited by a significantly large number of people. --Nalvage (talk) 01:43, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I saw. Hmm, I would debate this issue.  We're not using the external link/other wiki as a source, so I don't see how the stability of it matters.  Buffyverse wiki is far from perfect, but it's a work in progress, as is Wikipedia.  We encourage transwiking here on Wikipedia - moving unsuitable material to appropiate wikies (as mentioned at WP:WAF and WP:FICT.  How can we tell people that some edits are only suitable at whatever wiki if we're not allowed to link there?  A Melaka Fray article on Wikipedia is not neccessary at this time, so linking to the Buffyverse wiki is a solution for those who expect one.  Not doing so only encourages them to write fancruft/giant plot summaries here.     Paul    730  01:54, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, I would say that the WikiProject Buffyverse is a pretty active community, and if it's a wiki that contains duplicate editors (i.e. a Wikia that was established by the Buffyverse editors) then it's probably ok. Buffy is a little harder to measure because they have multiple wikias. There has been some recent debate about possible opening a discussion to reword WP:EL, because of the idea that we don't want to discourage editors from editing Wikipedia when we say "sorry, too much plot, try a wikia", and then say "but don't link it to us." Also, we don't delink Wikipedia pages that have lousy activity. Since Wikipedia articles are supposed to be comprehensive--at least, that's an FA criteria, so that makes it an every article criteria--but at the same time Wiki isn't a plot summary, nor a repository of links, I think if a given WikiProject has consensus on what Wikia is to be used as the "official" (I used that word lightly, given the idea behind officiality) Wikia for that project, then its inclusion would be a necessary one. I say this because, to be comprehensive, that would include a good deal of plot information about the character, but as a converse, that is the type of information not necessarily the most important to an encyclopedia when you think about the readability of an article given its size. So, a Wikia becomes a necessary evil to have. This idea of "if it's really active" becomes illogical, because a Wikia that's active at one moment can be inactive another. If you include it in an article at one point, but remove it later just because there has not been recent activity then it doesn't make sense. People come and go all the time, and if something is good enough to be there at one point--unless standards change, which really only happens to the content "inside" Wikipedia--then it is going to be good enough later, regardless of how many people edit the pages. Now, i don't know which Wikia this is, or if Buffyverse even has a specific Wikia they like to use, but as I stated before, it's a necessary evil to have in order to keep the peace.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  02:36, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The Buffyverse Wiki (which is on Wikia) is more active and much better quality the Buffy Wiki (which seems to have turned into a depository for spam). I've readded the Mel link in the "External links".     Paul    730  02:43, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * My main concern was with using links in the body of the article, which has now been dealt with. Having said that, arguing that the Buffyverse Wiki is "more active" than some other wiki is not arguing much at all.  The Buffyverse Wiki's page on the show itself has only been edited by six people in the last year, nine in the last two years.  Xander's page currently consists of a mere two sentences.  With few exceptions, the articles seem to have either significantly less content than here at Wikipedia, or to be simple cut-and-paste jobs from this site.  I'm not seeing anything to make it a notable place worth linking to, beyond its role as an occasional pet project for a couple of Wiki editors. External links need to be of a certain standard.  I also think it's optimistic to imagine that this will stem fancruft.  The inclusion of a link gives no indication of what's inappropriate here versus what's appropriate there.  We can of course encourage people to take fancruft to this wiki, but since that encouragement wouldn't be taking place in the article anyway, it hardly matters if we can't add a link there. And you guys are such sticklers for policy elsewhere... ;) --Nalvage (talk) 03:22, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I wasn't arguing that the Buffyverse wiki is active enough that it currently passes WP:EL. I was responding to Bignole's comment that the Buffy Wikiproject should pick one "official" wiki to transwiki to, since there are two.  Buffyverse Wiki is better than Buffy Wiki, so I recommend that we continue linking to that rather than the other one, that's all.  The reason I support linking to that wiki is because I'm such a stickler for policy.  I'd rather see that site serve it's purpose rather than see Wikipedia full of in-universe Buffyverse info.  I've already moved info from the current Buffy and Faith articles to the Buffyverse wiki, so that when I'm finished rewriting those articles, fans can still have access to the information that I plan to delete (such as the lenghty character histories and relationship sections).  I don't see why both sites can't work in conjuction with each other to provide both encyclopedic information and in-universe detail - provided it's in the right place.     Paul    730  03:44, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I am a stickler for policy, and guidelines as well, but when it comes to overuse of IU information, the lesser of two evils is to have a Wikia link for that type of information then getting into pissing contests with editors who want that IU information in the encyclopedic article. It's easier to say, "that type of info really needs to go to this site, here's a link", then battling edits all the time. Of course, you're going to do that regardless, but I like to think that most new people aren't here to cause disruption, and if you tell them once that there is a better place for that level of detail they are usually quick to say "thanks" and go over to that page and add it.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  03:54, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Paul> The Buffyverse Wiki is only better than the Buffy Wiki by virtue of the fact that the latter is a kind of post-apocalyptic wiki-wasteland. It's still in an extremely poor state.  As I said, I see no reason to think that the existence of a link to another wiki will prevent people adding in-universe info here, and the removal of such a link certainly won't prevent you from shifting in-universe info there.
 * Bignole> I agree with your comment, and can only refer you back to when I said, "We can of course encourage people to take fancruft to this wiki, but since that encouragement wouldn't be taking place in the article anyway, it hardly matters if we can't add a link there". Saying to someone, "that type of info really needs to go to this site, here's a link" would occur on their talk page, so being unable to add that link to the article hardly matters.  The key difference is that the former would be just suggesting a place for them to add their info, whereas the latter implies that Wikipedia considers the site notable/worthwhile.  In the case of the Buffyverse Wiki, it currently isn't. And I can't believe I've written so much on this, I must be in a tetchy mood.  I'll grab a coffee, see if I can't boost that up to belligerent. --Nalvage (talk) 04:08, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I know they're both wastelands, I'm not defending BVW's (sick of typing it's full name) current state. Personally, I'm hoping that once I've moved some more Wikipedia stuff over there and then subsequently deleted that info from here, it'll pick up, because there'll actually be something to edit over there.  Nobody edits there becasue Wikipedia is currently serving the purpose that BVW should.  Currently, links to BVW aren't much use, because there's nothing there.  But once we transwiki stuff, there will be a reason.  I wouldn't have bothered linking Mel if I hadn't just fleshed out her article over on BVW.  I only linked Harth as well for the sake of it, and haven't bothered reinstating that link.  If, after info has been deleted from here, somebody comes along looking for, say, a "Relationships" section, a link on that page can take them to that information.  By providing them with access to the info they want, they might not feel the need to duplicate it here.  Maybe that's optimistic, and it'll take ages to properly impliment (ie, when I've finished rewriting the pages), but that's my plan anyay. :)    Paul    730  04:24, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Nalvage, you forget about those who just read the articles. If they read the whole thing, they'll see the link to the Wikia and possibly read further. As for the idea that something is considered "notable/worthwile", when it isn't in good shape...have you seen some of the articles on Wikipedia? How about when we link to words or concepts, in an effort have an avenue that explains them when it wouldn't be appropriate to do so on the page it is being linked...but when you get to the intended page, it's fully of crap. Wikia's, when you are dealing with fictional articles, are really just extensions of the Wikipedia article itself. It could easily be considered a "subpage" for that article, one that just needs work. Are we here to say "that's not good enough, so we aren't going to link to it?" We don't hold back other articles that link to horrible Wikipedia pages. The link doesn't necessarily invoke the meaning that we are saying that page is worthwhile, but more that that page contains further, in-depth information on the character that would otherwise be unnecessary in an encyclopedia, but still relevant to the character. If the page sucks, post a note somewhere requesting that some editors go over and clean it up.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  04:57, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello again. Paul> Currently, links to BVW aren't much use, because there's nothing there.  But once we transwiki stuff, there will be a reason.  I wouldn't have bothered linking Mel if I hadn't just fleshed out her article over on BVW.
 * You also apparently linked Willow, Xander, Giles, Cordelia, Spike... and possibly more pages, months ago, when those articles hadn't been remotely fleshed out (and they still haven't). And I completely agree that links are pointless because there's nothing there.
 * Bignole> have you seen some of the articles on Wikipedia?
 * So because poor articles are linked in other cases, that supports poor articles being linked now. I bet you a shiny nickel that's a type of argument you have derided many times when made by others.  Wikipedia has policies designed to improve poor articles on its own site.  It can't have policies to improve poor articles on other sites, so instead it has a policy to not link to them.
 * Are we here to say "that's not good enough, so we aren't going to link to it?"
 * Undoubtedly yes. External links are removed every day for reasons of policy or quality, and the notion that any site should be included if it provides "further, in-depth information", regardless of quality, opens the floodgates to nigh on every bad external link people want to shoehorn in, including my forthcoming opus detailing every time Tara used a word beginning with a vowel, and what facial expression she had while doing it.  Speaking of in-depth information, here's the wiki in question's page on Buffy's first episode.  Soak up that knowledge.  That's not in-depth information, and nor is it the fancruft utopia we're hoping to dangle as a carrot in front of people.  It's a barely-touched page on a half-assed little wiki that Paul's taken a personal shine to and wants to improve.  In the last day he's made precisely eleventy billion edits over at that wiki, and they're needed because it's very much in its useless infancy.  Maybe it'll eventually match the criteria that policy demands, and maybe one bright day Xander's article will get that elusive third sentence.  Who knows.  Live the dream.  Thankfully I'm rapidly closing in on the point where I stop caring either way and cheerfully let the whole thing go, but it's very clearly an instance of policy and value being ignored, purely because a Wikipedia editor spends some time at that site and hopes to divert traffic there. Tsk.
 * What's with the sarcasm Nalvage? I'm trying to be polite here, but it's like you're trying to make this personal.  Yes, I've been editing that other wiki in the hopes of improving it.  Yes, I'm trying to delete innappropiate material from here and move it somewhere where it is appropiate.  That became a bad thing, when exactly?  Like I said before, why can't the two sites work in conjunction with each other to serve their respective purposes?  Yes, I linked Willow and Xander months ago, because that was before I was aware of WP:EL.  Now I'm trying to improve the wiki articles before I link to them, what's the crime in that?  I'm trying to please everyone because I know there's going to be uproar from Buffy fans when the gazillion-word plot summaries get deleted from Wikipedia.  We link to sites like Wikiquote and Wiktionary all the time because they provide info Wikipedia doesn't or shouldn't.     Paul    730  03:15, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Nalvage, you're making a mountain out of a mole hill about this, you are aware of that right? Just because the Wikia page isn't in good shape doesn't mean that it should be neglected until it is in better shape. If the link is present, you're more likely to draw editors to it, than you are if you reserve it for only talk page discussion. Also, keep the snive comments to yourself.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  03:28, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Any sarcasm should be construed as a result of my general personality, and an attempt to make this discussion lighter than a tedious policy squabble. No insult intended.  Moving inappropriate info elsewhere is a very good thing, and I've never suggested otherwise.  The existence of a link to a currently-poor wiki will not prevent gnashing of teeth when content is deleted.  The existence of those links on the pages of Willow, Xander, Cordelia etc. for the last few months has not had any noticeable effect on either the level of fancruft or the quality of the articles being linked to, and I still don't see why it would.  Maybe it'll be a great wiki at some point in the future, it's not now.  And linking to sites we *know* are poor in the hope that we can help them improve is not how to approach external links. I think we've all been shovelling onto this molehill, but I'm happy to step off. --Nalvage (talk) 03:40, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
 * If the Xander/Willow/Cordy links bother you so much then delete them. I'll reinstate them later when there's actually something on those pages.  Maybe a link to the deleted content won't help, but I'm trying to compromise because fans will still want access to it and I want them to have that access.  I can understand your point that links are currently pointless, I said as much myself above.  That's why I was making "eleventy billion" edits over there, so they're not pointless and will eventually have some use.     Paul    730  04:01, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Paul, I think your edits over there are the only things giving it the scrap of value it currently has, and I apologise if my tone made it seem like I was pinning my opinion of that site on you. My first comment here was an incredibly brief reminder of a very innocuous wiki rule, and in response, yikes, hundreds of words from yourself and Bignole, editors whose contributions I've seen numerous times (since our interests seem to overlap) and who are always very strictly in keeping with the rules, even more so than myself.  That response, to something so unimportant, surprised me, and so I tried to match it in terms of how in-depth I made mine in turn.  The sarcasm kicked in at the point where I became embarrassed for us all being here. --Nalvage (talk) 04:20, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Fyral?
Okay, how do we know that Fray's mentor was a Fyral demon? Was it ever actually mentioned? From what we've seen on Buffy, Fyarels are dim-witted hired muscle to other demons, including vampires. Urkonn hated vampires. Also he seemed to be pretty smart, coming up with createve ways to get the job done. Sure Urkonn looked similar to a Fyarrl demon, but the personality just doesnt match.

I aggree, and actually the only thing Urkonn really has in common with a Fyral are the curving horns. Urkonn had cloven feet and goat-like legs and knees. The only Fyral we've ever seen possessed neither of these qualities. Besides that, it was never mentioned specifically and should be stricken simply because we don't know if it's true. (for some reason my account won't work, but my name is StarlightFalling)

Fair use rationale for Image:Longwayhomeandrew.jpg
Image:Longwayhomeandrew.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 11:07, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Twilight

 * Other references include the first opening line in the first issue the FRAY miniseries comic, in which the big bad of Season 8 (Twilight) is referenced by name, in a line depicting that he is responsible not only for the death of all slayers (possibly including Buffy) but also the so called "death of magic".

This new paragraph cries out for my copy-editing skilz, but first I wanted to check its accuracy. Now, in my copy of Fray the only entities mentioned by name in the first four pages are Urkonn and Melaka. Where is Twilight mentioned? —Tamfang (talk) 04:13, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I think it's rubbish. Possibly someone adding their vague memory of reading Fray in light of Season Eight.  I'll remove it completely.     Paul    730  10:35, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

There's no cover
It's not even a link! occono (talk) 20:55, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

Original publication date of Issue #1
A couple of weeks ago, I wrote an e-mail to Dark Horse Comics asking them for the date of the original publication of the first issue since this information wasn't available on their website (unlike the other dates). Well, I just received the answer (June 1, 2001) and updated the article accordingly. I meant to put it here since it can't be directly referenced like the other dates. • H☼ωdΘesI†fl∉∈   {KLAT}  • 19:23, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

Loo being a mutant
I just reverted the word "mutant" from Loo's description, as it's never stated that she is one. Yes, she has one fully developed arm and one not fully developed, but she's never described as being a mutant. I think it's OR to describe her that way. @- Kosh ► Talk to the Vorlons ►  Moon Base Alpha  -@ 18:57, 23 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think I agree with characterizing Loo as a mutant (or "radie") is original research. Other observers describe Loo as "mutated" (Blogcritics) & (Buffy Wiki) or as "radie" (Buffy Wiki about radies) & (Buffy Wiki about Loo) or as "severely affected by the radiation" (The Watchers' Guide "Loo" entry).  The problem would be finding a reliable source instead of a wiki or blog that outright states "Loo is a radie/mutant." Not sure if Blogcritics is a reliable source or not (though I assume that the Buffy Wiki is not).--Shearonink (talk) 19:34, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 16 July 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved per request. Favonian (talk) 18:10, 23 July 2015 (UTC)

– How many issues did this comic have? In ictu oculi (talk) 07:03, 16 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Fray → Fray (comic)
 * Fray (disambiguation) → Fray
 * Support per nom -- 67.70.32.20 (talk) 07:18, 16 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Support - no evidence of WP:PRIMARYTOPIC Sovereign Sentinel (talk) 10:21, 16 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Egsan Bacon (talk) 14:12, 17 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Support not primary 76.120.162.73 (talk) 20:42, 19 July 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070824134352/http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=12394812 to http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=12394812

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title: Talk:Fray (comics)


text:
List of football clubs in Serbia

This is a list of football clubs located in Serbia and the leagues and divisions they play in 2011–12 season, as well as some other notable football clubs that play in the Serbian football league system.

Super League (Top tier)

 * 2023/24 season

First League (Second tier)

 * 2023/24 season

Belgrade

 * OFK Srenjinak
 * FK BASK
 * FK Karaklije Tara
 * FK GSP Polet Dorćol
 * GFK Sloboda Uzice
 * FK Kovačevac
 * FK PKB Padinska Skela
 * FK Radnički Mitrovac
 * FK Osmanovic Beograd
 * FK Slavija Nis
 * FK Sopotar
 * FK Srem Dunav
 * FK Šumadija Jagnjilo
 * FK Jeloravac
 * FK Nas Zavicaj
 * FK Sevojno

Vojvodina

 * FK Mladost Apatin
 * FK ČSK Čelarevo
 * OFK Kikinda
 * FK Mladost Bački Jarak
 * FK Palić
 * FK Radnički Nova Pazova
 * FK Senta
 * FK Sloga Temerin
 * FK Cement Beočin
 * FK Vršac
 * FK Donji Srem
 * FK Veternik
 * FK Dolina Padina
 * FK Sloboda Novi Kozarci
 * FK Solunac Rastina

West

 * FK Budućnost Valjevo
 * FK FAP
 * FK INON
 * FK Jedinstvo Ub
 * FK Loznica
 * FK Mačva Šabac
 * FK Metalac Kraljevo
 * FK Radnički Klupci
 * FK Sloboda Čačak
 * FK Sloboda Užice
 * FK Sloga Kraljevo
 * FK Sloga Požega
 * FK Sloga Petrovac na Mlavi
 * FK Vujić Valjevo
 * FK Železničar Lajkovac

East

 * FK Balkanski
 * FK Car Konstantin
 * FK Dubočica
 * FK Hajduk Veljko
 * FK Jedinstvo Bošnjace
 * FK Jedinstvo Paraćin
 * FK Kopaonik Brus
 * FK Radnički Pirot
 * FK Radnički Svilajnac
 * FK Rudar Aleksinački Rudnik
 * FK Svrljig
 * FK Timok
 * FK Vlasina
 * FK Župa Aleksandrovac

Belgrade

 * FK PKB Padinska Skela
 * FK Zvezdara
 * FK Borac Ostružnica
 * FK Budućnost Dobanovci
 * FK Crvena zvezda Mali Mokri Lug
 * FK GSP Polet
 * FK Lasta Sremčica
 * FK Lokomotiva Beograd
 * FK Milutinac Zemun
 * FK Posovac
 * FK Poštar Beograd
 * FK Slavija Beograd
 * FK Trudbenik
 * FK Turbina Vreoci
 * FK Vinča
 * FK Radnički Rudovci
 * FK Železničar Beograd

Vojvodina East

 * FK Bačka 1901
 * FK Budućnost Srpska Crnja
 * FK Dinamo Pančevo
 * FK Jedinstvo Novi Bečej
 * FK Kozara Banatsko Veliko Selo
 * FK Obilić Novi Kneževac
 * FK Radnički Bajmok
 * FK Radnički Zrenjanin
 * FK Spartak Debeljača
 * FK Vojvodina Novo Miloševo
 * FK AFK Ada
 * FK Zadrugar Lazarevo
 * FK Borac Starčevo
 * FK Proleter Banatski Karlovac

Vojvodina West

 * OFK Bačka
 * FK 1. Maj Ruma
 * FK Borac Novi Sad
 * FK Budućnost Mladenovo
 * FK Crvenka
 * FK Crvena Zvezda Novi Sad
 * FK Jedinstvo Stara Pazova
 * FK Jugović Kać
 * FK Mladost Turija
 * FK Polet Karavukovo
 * FK Radnički Irig
 * FK Radnički Sremska Mitrovica
 * FK Metalac Futog
 * FK Dunav Stari Banovci
 * FK Indeks Novi Sad
 * FK Obilić Zmajevo
 * FK Sloga Erdevik

Pomoravlje-Timok

 * FK Bor
 * FK Borac Bivolje
 * SFS Borac
 * FK Dunav Prahovo
 * FK Đerdap
 * FK Kablovi Zaječar
 * FK Morava Ćuprija
 * FK Ozren Sokobanja
 * FK Pepeljevac
 * FK Slatina Bor
 * FK Prva Petoletka Trstenik
 * FK Putevi Zaječar
 * FK Radnički Svilajnac
 * FK Rudar Bor
 * FK Sloga Ćićevac
 * FK Temnić
 * FK Trayal Kruševac
 * FK Trgovački Jagodina

Niš

 * FK BSK Bujanovac
 * FK Bobište
 * FK Jastrebac Blace
 * FK Mladost Bosilegrad
 * FK Mladost Lalinac
 * FK Mladost Medoševac
 * FK Morava Vladičin Han
 * FK Napredak Aleksinac
 * OFK Niš
 * FK Pukovac
 * FK Pusta Reka
 * FK Radan Lebane
 * FK Sloga Leskovac
 * FK Topličanin
 * FK Vučje
 * FK Zaplanjac
 * FK Žitorađa
 * FK Zloćudovo

Dunav

 * FK Beloševac
 * FK Crvena zvezda Suvodol
 * FK Homoljac Žagubica
 * FK Jadar Gornji Dobrić
 * FK Jadar Stupnica
 * FK Krušik 04
 * FK Morava Velika Plana
 * FK Obilić Živica
 * FK Omladinac Šetonje
 * FK Radnički Valjevo
 * FK Radnički Koceljeva
 * FK Ribnica Mionica
 * FK Rudar Kostolac
 * FK Selevac
 * FK Sloga Lipnički Šor
 * FK VGSK Veliko Gradište
 * FK Vrbovac
 * FK Zvižd Kučevo

Morava

 * FK Bane
 * FK Crnokosa
 * FK Erdoglija Kragujevac
 * FK Gruža
 * FK Mokra Gora
 * FK Omladinac Novo Selo
 * FK Orlovac
 * FK Partizan Kosovska Mitrovica
 * FK Pobeda Kragujevac
 * FK Polet Ljubić
 * FK Prijevor
 * FK Sloga Bajina Bašta
 * FK Sloga Sjenica
 * FK Jošanica
 * FK Šumadija Aranđelovac
 * FK Takovo
 * FK Vodojaža Grošnica

Drina

 * FK Bajina Bašta
 * FK FAP
 * FK Luk
 * FK Jedinstvo Vladimirci
 * FK Jedinstvo Užice
 * FK Jadar Stupnica
 * FK Krušik
 * OFK Osečina
 * FK Polimlje
 * FK Radnički Koceljeva
 * FK Radnički Valjevo
 * FK Radnički Zorka
 * FK Sloga Lipnički Šor
 * FK Sloga Sjenica
 * FK Zlatar
 * FK Zorka

Belgrade First League

 * FK Železnik
 * FK Lepušnica
 * FK Baćevac
 * FK Zmaj Zemun
 * FK Dunavac Grocka
 * FK Poštar
 * FK Komgrap
 * FK Rakovica
 * FK Policajac
 * FK Rudar Beograd
 * FK PKB Kovilovo
 * FK PIK Zemun
 * FK Borac Lazarevac
 * FK Strelac Mislođin
 * FK Prva Iskra Barič
 * FK BSK Batajnica
 * FK Podunavac
 * FK Obilić

PFL Sombor

 * FK Mladost Kurščić
 * FK Hajduk Stapar
 * FK PIK Prigrevica
 * FK Zadrugar
 * FK Kordun
 * FK Omladinac Bukovac
 * FK Graničar
 * FK Crvenka
 * FK ŽAK Sombor
 * FK Borac Bački Gradac
 * FK BSK Bački Brestovac
 * FK Kula
 * FK Radnički Ratkovo
 * OFK Odžaci

PFL Novi Sad

 * FK Mladost Bački Petrovac
 * FK Kabel
 * FK Hercegovac Gajdobra
 * FK Omladinac Stepanovićevo
 * FK Borac Šajkaš
 * FK Petrovaradin
 * OFK Slavija Novi Sad
 * FK Vrbas
 * FK Stari Grad
 * FK Jedinstvo Rumenka
 * FK Srbobran
 * FK Šajkaš
 * FK ŽSK Žabalj
 * FK Tvrdjava Bač
 * FK Železničar Novi Sad
 * FK Bečej
 * FK Buducnost Mladenovo

PFL Sremska Mitrovica

 * FK Jedinstvo Stara Pazova
 * FK Podrinje Mačvanska Mitrovica
 * FK Sloven Ruma
 * FK Graničar Adaševci
 * FK Partizan Vitojevci
 * FK Mladost Kupinovo
 * FK Jadran Golubinci
 * FK Sloga Milšped
 * FK Hajduk Beška
 * FK LSK Laćarak
 * FK Zeka Buljubaša
 * FK Hajduk Šimanovci
 * FK Hajduk Višnjičevo
 * FK Ljukovo
 * FK Železničar Inđija
 * FK Fruškogorac

0-9

 * FK 14. Oktobar

A

 * FK Aluminijum Niš
 * FK Arsenal Kragujevac

B

 * FK BAK Bela Crkva
 * Backovac United
 * FK Begej Žitište
 * FK Bežbednost Valjevo
 * FK Bilećanin Sečanj
 * FK BIP Čačak
 * FK Borac Martinci
 * FK Borac Žabari
 * FK Borac Stejanovci
 * FK Bosilegrad
 * FK BPI Pekar
 * FK Bratstvo Krnjača
 * FK Brestovac
 * FK Brodoremont Kladovo
 * FK Budućnost Alibunar
 * FK Budućnost Arilje
 * FK Budućnost Mladenovo
 * FK Budućnost Prva Kutina
 * FK Bukovik Ražanj
 * FK Brzi Brod

C

 * FK Crni Vrh Miljević
 * FK Crvena zvezda V.S.

D

 * FK Dragačevo
 * FK Drina Ljubovija
 * FK Dinamo Budisava

E

 * FK Elan

G

 * FK Goč Vrnjačka Banja
 * FK Graničar Jamena

H
Hajduk Kula 1912

I

 * FK Iskra Kucura 1912

J

 * FK Jablanica Gornji Milanovac
 * FK Jablanica Medveđa
 * FK Jadran Golubinci
 * FK Jadar Draginac
 * GFK Jasenica 1911
 * FK Jastrebac Niš
 * FK Jedinstvo Bela Palanka
 * FK Jedinstvo Donja Mutnica
 * FK Jedinstvo Platičevo
 * FK Jedinstvo Mali Zvornik
 * FK Jedinstvo Ruma
 * FK Jedinstvo Surčin
 * FK Jedinstvo Vladimirci
 * FK Jugović Kać

K

 * FK Karađorđe Topola
 * FK Krivelj
 * FK Kordun Kljajićevo

L

 * FK Lemind Leskovac
 * FK Lešnica

 * FK Lužnica Babušnica
 * FK Lunjevica Gornji Milanovac
 * FK Lipar
 * FK Lisović
 * FK Ljukovo
 * FK Lehel

M

 * RFK Majdanpek
 * FK Marjan Knićanin Knić
 * FK Mićunovo
 * FK Milicionar Bogatić
 * FK Miločajac Miločaj
 * FK Mladi Obilić
 * FK Mladost Omoljica
 * FK Morava Ribare
 * FK Mladost Prnjavor

N

 * FK Naša krila Belotinac
 * FK Novi Beograd

O

 * FK Omladinac Malošište
 * FK Omladinac Novi Banovci
 * FK Omladinac Slepčević

P

 * FK Panonija
 * FK Pančevo
 * FK Partizan Kaluđerica
 * FK Partizan Susek
 * FK Plavi Dunav
 * FK Polet Aleksandrovac
 * FK Polet Sivac
 * FK Polet Nakovo
 * FK Polet Trbušani
 * FK Poreč Donji Milanovac

R

 * FK Radnik Stari Tamiš

 * FK Rudna Glava
 * FK Rusin Ruski Krstur

S

 * FK Spartak Ljig
 * FK Slavija Kragujevac
 * FK Sloga Despotovac
 * FK Stanovo Kragujevac
 * FK Sloga Lipovica
 * FK Sloga Miloševac
 * FK Sloboda Lipe
 * FK Socanica Leposavic
 * FK Sloga Čonoplja

T

 * FK Tempo Sefkerin
 * FK Trepča

V

 * FK Vrbas
 * FK Vinogradar

Z

 * FK Zadrugar Lajkovac
 * FK Železničar Inđija
 * FK Železničar Novi Sad
 * FK Železničar Niš
 * FK Železničar Smederevo
 * FK Zlatar Nova Varoš
 * FK Zlatibor Čajetina
 * FK Zlot
 * FK ŽAK Kikinda
 * FK ŽSK Žabalj

title: List of football clubs in Serbia