text:
User talk:Mdrejhon

About Me
Mark Rejhon's original 1990s-2000s website is archived at: http://www.marky.ca

Correspondence
Morven says: I edited your yestersol article to give it the proper Wiki markup. You bold by enclosing in triple single quotes like this. You create titles by surrounding with equals-signs, like this ==A heading==. Convention is to start with double-equals for the top level headings and work downwards by adding more equals. We normally capitalise the first word of a heading and lowercase the rest, unless they're proper nouns of course. Thanks! —Morven 20:51, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Response: Thanks for the tips! --mdrejhon

Same-sex marriage in Canada
Spinboy says: It's not legal until the bill passes the Senate and recieves royal assent. Please revert your change. -- Spinboy 29 June 2005 06:22 (UTC)

Response: My apologies. Done. --mdrejhon

Spinboy says: Nice website. I like your resume, impressive. I especially took note of your hearing loss, I'm sorry to read about that. For the past year and a bit I've been learning American Sign Language at Algonquin College, and while you say on your site you don't know the language, I just thought I'd mention it anyway. :-) -- Spinboy 29 June 2005 06:31 (UTC)

Re Vertical Wind Tunnel links

 * Sorry, didn't mean to step on toes. I left Aerodium up because they were specifically mentioned in the text, in context.  Thats in line with the policy on external links, in that it supports information in the text of the article.  External links policy allows for one or two representative links as well, so I will of course defer to people who actually have worked on the article (ie you) if you want to remove Aerodium or reinstate one or two of the other links if you felt it supported the text.  I just wanted to act to head things off at the pass in case the anon came back and complained that I was being biased against their link. --Syrthiss 18:36, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Cdn-dime-obverse.jpg
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 * I wasn't the creator of this image. It was user 'thirty-seven'.  My work on this image is merely as follows, from the work log of the image:
 * "Modification of previous (thirty-seven's) image; JASC Paint Shop Pro, convert to Monochrome followed by contrast enhancement, to remove offending copper color from our dime which is silver colored. For original credits, please refer to previous image." Mdrejhon (talk) 16:40, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

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 * I wasn't the creator of this image. It was user 'thirty-seven'.  My work on this image is merely as follows, from the work log of the image:
 * "Modification of previous (thirty-seven's) image; JASC Paint Shop Pro, convert to Monochrome followed by contrast enhancement, to remove offending copper color from our dime which is silver colored. For original credits, please refer to previous image." Mdrejhon (talk) 16:39, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits
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Speedy deletion of Luxo
A tag has been placed on Luxo requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.

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 * I don't think I've ever been involved in the article involving Luxo (In fact, I don't know what a Luxo is!). Since it no longer exists, can anyone elaborate what exactly got violated (the specific text, image, or website that's in my name)?  Was an image used in another article of mine, used in the Luxo article?  As I haven't logged on for a while, I am concerned my account may have been hacked so my password has been changed.   Mdrejhon (talk) 19:04, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of C64S
I have nominated C64S, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/C64S. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Pcap ping  09:03, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Delete. This article is almost 10 years old on long-obsolete software that has all but disappeared off the Internet. Mdrejhon (talk) 17:14, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

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 * False alarm. The copyright permission is already included -- it is declared as public domain by the author, and is a LaTeX reproduction of a table from a book published in 1842.  I've included a copy of the author's email in the notes.  See below. Mdrejhon (talk) 04:57, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

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 * Using the disambig page was intentional and accurate -- no modification is actually needed. Mdrejhon (talk) 03:27, 16 November 2013 (UTC)

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Proxy

How long/much longer do you expect to be down there (you don't have to be precise)? I or another admin would be happy to set you up with a temporary IP block exemption until you get back up north. Daniel Case (talk) 06:50, 18 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm guessing end of May / early June but it varies quite a bit, and there are other people who are staying behind (though they don't edit Wikipedia).
 * Is this going to be an annual re-request? TotalPlay is Mexico's 2nd biggest ISP.  Also the IP is dynamic too, but the fiber optic router is rarely rebooted.

 * That IP address does not appear to be blocked at this time. It looks like it was blocked on the 11th for a week for p2p proxy detections. Are you still getting block notices? If so, what message are you getting? SQL Query Me!  00:27, 21 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh. Thanks.
 * BTW, TotalPlay is a gigabit FTTH service in Mexico, their fiber deployments have exploded in the last 12-24 months, so you're probably getting skyrocketing bandwidth by all Mexico users. Even Telmex is yanking copper and replacing with fiber in a hurry-compete.  So there's a lot of flux (good and bad) by the aggregate of Mexico users. Mdrejhon (talk) 03:05, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mdrejhon


text:
Hethum II

Hethum II (Հեթում Բ; 1266– November 17, 1307), also known by several other romanizations, was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1289 to 1293, 1295 to 1296 and 1299 to 1303, while Armenia was a subject state of the Mongol Empire. He abdicated twice in order to take vows in the Franciscan order, while still remaining the power behind the throne as "Grand Baron of Armenia" and later as Regent for his nephew. He was the son of Leo II of Armenia and Kyranna de Lampron, and was part of the Hethumid dynasty, being the grandson of Hethum I, who had originally submitted Cilicia to the Mongols in 1247. He was assassinated with his nephew and successor Leo III by the Mongol general Bilarghu, who himself was later executed for this by the Mongol Ilkhan ruler Öljaitü.

First reign
Since 1247, Cilician Armenia itself had been a vassal state of the Mongol Empire, from an agreement made by Hethum II's grandfather, Hethum I. As part of this relationship, Cilician Armenia routinely supplied troops to the Mongols, cooperating in battles against the Mamluks and other elements of the Islamic empire.

Hethum II took the throne in his early 20s, when his father Leon II died in 1289. At the time, Cilician Armenia was in a precarious position between major powers, balancing between friendly relations with the Christian Europeans and Byzantine Empire, aggression from the Turkish Sultanate of Rum to the west, a vassal relationship with the aggressive Mongol Empire in the East, and defending itself from attacks from the South, from the Muslim Mamluks out of Egypt. The Crusades had lost European support and were winding down, and Islamic forces were sweeping northwards from Egypt, re-taking land which had earlier been lost to the Crusaders, and pushing back against the Mongol advance.

In 1289, Angelo da Clareno and a few other Spiritual Franciscans arrived to missionize among the Armenian Christians. They had been repeatedly jailed in Italy for their strong condemnations of luxury in the church but they won favor at the Armenian court. St Thomas of Tolentino was sent by Hethum to Rome, Paris, and London to advocate another crusade to support the Armenians; he failed in this, but returned with additional clerics to support the mission and advocate the reunification of the Armenian Church with Rome.

In 1292, Cilician Armenia was invaded by Khalil, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt. His father the Mamluk sultan Qalawun had earlier broken the treaty of 1285, was marching North through Palestine with his troops, and also demanded the surrender of the Armenian cities of Marash and Behesni. Qalawun died before the campaign was completed, but Khalil continued his father's advance northwards, and had conquered the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1291 at the Siege of Acre. Khalil's forces continued on from there, sacking the Armenian city of Hromgla, which was defended by Hethum's uncle, Raymond, but fell after a siege of 33 days. To stave off further invasion, Hethum II abandoned the cities of Marash, Behesni, and Tel Hamdoun to the Mamluks.

In 1293, Hethum abdicated in favor of his brother Thoros III and entered the Franciscan monastery at Mamistra. He did stay active in the politics of the kingdom though, and negotiated with the Egyptian leader Ketbougha for the return of the prisoners who had been taken at Hromgla, as well as for some church relics which had been pillaged.

Second reign
In 1295, Thoros III asked Hethum to resume the throne to help renew the Mongol alliance. Hethum made the long journey to the Mongol capital, and was successfully able to request aid from the Mongols. When he returned to Armenia in 1296, further good news manifested from the Byzantine Empire, with an offer of a marital alliance. Hethum and Thoros placed Armenia under the regency of their brother Sempad, and traveled to Constantinople to bestow their sister Rita upon the Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaeologus. However, during their absence Sempad usurped the Armenian throne with the aid of another brother, Constantine. Hethum and Thoros were both captured in Caesarea upon their return, and imprisoned in the fortress of Partzerpert. There, Hethum was partially blinded by cauterization. Thoros was murdered in Partzerpert in 1298; but Constantine turned against Sempad, usurped the throne for himself, imprisoned Sempad and freed Hethum.

Third reign
In 1299, Hethum, recovered at least partially from his blindness, ousted Constantin and once again resumed the crown. Soon thereafter, he again sought assistance from Ghazan's Mongols, and fought against the Mamluks in Syria. The combined forces achieved a major victory at the December 1299 Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (sometimes called the Battle of Homs), taking Damascus, and Hethum was able to regain all of the Armenian territory which had previously been lost to the Mamluks. One group of Mongols split off from Ghazan's army and was even able to launch some Mongol raids into Palestine, pursuing the retreating Egyptian Mamluk troops as far south as Gaza, pushing them back to Egypt.

According to modern traditions, Hethum may have visited Jerusalem in 1300 during this time. However, historians disagree as to whether or not the visit actually occurred. Angus Donal Stewart points out that the source of the tradition, a medieval account by the Armenian historian Nerses Balients, does not match with any other accounts by any other historians of the time period, and was simply written as Armenian propaganda of the time. However, Claude Mutafian, in Le Royaume Arménien de Cilicie, suggests that it may have been on this occasion that Hethum remitted his amber scepter to the Armenian convent of Saint James of Jerusalem.

"The king of Armenia, back from his raid against the Sultan, went to Jerusalem. He found that all the enemies had been put to flight or exterminated by the Tatars, who had arrived before him. As he entered into Jerusalem, he gathered the Christians, who had been hiding in caverns out of fright. During the 15 days he spent in Jerusalem, he held Christian ceremonies and solemn festivities in the Holy Sepulchre. He was greatly comforted by his visits to the places of the pilgrims. He was still in Jerusalem when he received a certificate from the Khan, bestowing him Jerusalem and the surrounding country. He then returned to join Ghazan in Damas, and spend the winter with him"

- Nerses Balients, in Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, Historiens Armeniens I, p.660

Speculation aside, the Mongols retreated northwards a few months later, and the Mamluks reclaimed Palestine with little resistance.

Hethum's gains against the Mamluks were short-lived, as in 1303, the Mamluks counter-attacked from Egypt. The Armenians again joined forces with a sizable number of Mongol troops, 80,000, on a Syrian offensive, but they were defeated at Homs on March 30, 1303, and at the decisive Battle of Shaqhab (Merj-us-Safer), south of Damas, on April 21, 1303. This campaign is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. Hethum retreated to Ghazan's court in Moussoul, and then again resigned his crown. His brother Thoros III having been killed in 1298, Hethum passed the crown to Thoros's teenaged son, Leo III. Hethum retired to a monastery, although as Leo was not yet an adult, Hethum retained the office of Regent of Armenia.

Later years
In 1304, the Mamluks continued their assault on Cilician Armenia, and succeeded in taking back all the lands which the Armenians had acquired during the Mongol invasion. The Mamluks wanted to punish the Armenians for allying with the Mongols.

The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia's alignment with the Mongol Empire continued, motivated as much by the need for self-protection from the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm on their western borders as self-interest in acquiring territory to the east, albeit short-lived. Following the conversion of the Mongol Ilkhan Ghazan to Islam in 1295, his successor Öljaitü exercised less control over outlying countries under Mongol protection and reduced the military campaigns against the Mamluks in Syria. According to contemporary Arabic and Persian accounts, one of his generals, Bilarghu, a devout Muslim, had indicated his intention to erect a mosque in the city of Sis, still part of the Christian Kingdom of Armenia, possibly as part of a wider plan to place the province under his own control. Hethum conveyed his worries about these plans by letter to Öljaitü. He was subsequently summoned by Bilarghu to a meeting on November 17, 1307, in an encampment beneath the walls of the royal stronghold of Anazarbus (Caesarea in the Roman province of Cilicia), either to hold counsel or for a banquet. Hethum attended with about 40 noblemen and his young nephew King Leon, for whom as Grand Baron he was acting as regent. Bilarghu, however, had learnt of Hethum's letter and ordered his men to massacre the Armenian king and his guests upon their arrival. When the Armenians arrived for the banquet, they were massacred while having their meals along with Hethum and his nephew King Leon. Following this assassination, Hethum's brother Oshin, heir to the throne, occupied Sis. He sent another brother Alinakh to report on Bilarghu's treachery to Öljaitü, who ordered the immediate execution of Bilarghu and his soldiers and confirmed his support of Oshin as king as Leo III had no heirs since he was too young to marry when he was murdered.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hethum II


text:
Frasch

Frasch may refer to:

 * Frasch, the North Frisian language
 * Herman Frasch (1851–1914), German mining engineer and inventor
 * Frasch process, a method of extracting sulfur from underground deposits, devised by Herman Frasch
 * Tilman Frasch (active from 1994), German historian

title: Frasch


text:
Leo III of Armenia

Leo III (or Leon III; Լեւոն Գ; occasionally numbered Leo IV; 1289–1307) was a young king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1303 or 1305 to 1307, along with his uncle Hethum II. A member of the House of Lampron, he was the son of Thoros III of Armenia and Margaret of Lusignan, who was the daughter of King Hugh III of Cyprus.

In 1303, while still a minor, he was crowned King of Armenia upon the retirement of his uncle Hethum II, who became Regent. Cilician Armenia at the time was in a volatile situation, maintaining a fragile relationship as a vassal state of the Mongol Empire, while defending from attacks by the Muslim Mamluks from the south. The throne of Armenia had changed hands multiple times during Leo's brief lifetime, being held variously by his uncle Hethum II in 1295, passed peacefully to his father Thoros III in 1296, then usurped by another uncle Sempad, who was usurped by his brother Constantine III of Armenia, who himself was deposed by his brother Hethum II in 1299. Thoros III having been killed in 1298, Hethum then passed the crown to Thoros's son, Leo, in 1303.

In 1305, Hethum and Leo led the Armenian army to defeat a Mamluk raiding force at Bagras.

On November 17, 1307, Leo and Hethum were murdered with their retinue at a banquet while visiting the Mongol general Bilarghu at Anazarbus. Bilarghu, a Mongol who had converted to Islam, had sought to build a mosque in the capital city of Sis, but Hethum had blocked the move as he wanted Armenia to be a completely Christian kingdom and complained to the leader of the Mongol Ilkhanate, Oljeitu. Bilarghu invited Hethum, Leo, and many other important Armenian nobles to a banquet at the castle of Anazarbus, presumably for discussions, but then his forces suddenly attacked and massacred the Armenians while they were having their meals and all of the Armenian nobles were killed along with Leo and his uncle Hethum II. Bilarghu was later executed by the Mongol ilkhan Oljeitu for his actions.

After the murder of Hethum II and King Leo at the banquet, Leo was succeeded as king by another of his uncles, Oshin as Leo had no heirs when he was killed since he was too young.

Family
He was married to his cousin Agnes (Marie) de Lusignan (died 1309), daughter of Princess Isabella of Armenia and Amalric de Lusignan, without issue.

title: Leo III of Armenia


text:
Thoros III

Thoros III or Toros III (Թորոս Երրորդ, same as Theodore; c. 1271 – 23 July 1298) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1293 to 1296. He was the son of Leo II of Armenia and Kyranna de Lampron, and was part of the House of Lampron. In 1293 his brother Hethum II abdicated in his favour; however, Thoros recalled Hethum to the throne as co-ruler in 1295. The two brought their sister Rita of Armenia to Constantinople to marry the Byzantine emperor Michael IX Palaiologos in 1296, but were imprisoned upon their return in Bardzrberd by their brother Sempad, who had usurped the throne in their absence. Thoros was murdered, strangled to death on July 23, 1298, in Bardzrberd by Oshin, Marshal of Armenia, on Sempad's orders.

Family
Thoros was married twice; his first marriage, to Margaret of Lusignan (ca 1276–1296, Armenia) (the daughter of King Hugh III of Cyprus), took place on January 9, 1288. His only son, by his first marriage, was Leo III of Armenia, who became heir to his uncle Hethum II. Leo ruled from 1303 to 1307, but was murdered along with his uncle by the Mongol general Bilarghu at a feast.

title: Thoros III


text:
User:Mdrejhon

Homepage is at http://www.marky.ca

title: User:Mdrejhon


text:
User talk:Peterjg

Hello?

title: User talk:Peterjg


text:
Itō Noe

Itō Noe (伊藤 野枝) was a Japanese anarchist, social critic, author, and feminist. She was the editor-in-chief of the feminist magazine Seitō (Bluestocking). Her progressive anarcha-feminist ideology challenged the norms of the Meiji and Taishō periods in which she lived. She drew praise from critics by being able to weave her personal and political ideas into her writings. The Japanese government, however, condemned her for challenging the constructs of the time. She became a martyr of the anarchist ideology in which she believed during the Amakasu Incident, when she was murdered along with her lover, anarchist author Ōsugi Sakae, and his nephew.

Early life and education
Itō was born on the island of Kyushu near Fukuoka, Japan on January 21, 1895. She was born into an aristocratic family and convinced an uncle to pay for her education at Ueno Girls High School in Tokyo, from which she graduated. It was at this school where she developed an affinity for literature. She was particularly fond of the progressive ideas of the time from Western and Japanese writers.

It was during her second summer vacation, in 1910, at Ueno Girls School that her family pressured her to marry Suematsu Fukutaro, a man who had recently returned to Kyushu from the United States. Marrying Suematsu would be a stipulation that she had to agree to in order to continue her education. Itō wanted her own complete freedom, so she immediately started to plot a way to escape the relationship and make her home in Tokyo. She made a major move in her life to Tokyo, marrying an ex-teacher, Tsuji Jun, whom she had met at Ueno Girls High School. After graduation, Itō's relationship with Tsuji became romantic and they had two sons, Makoto (born January 20, 1914) and Ryūji (born August 10, 1915). They were officially married in 1915. Their relationship lasted about four years.

Time with Seitō
Itō joined the Bluestocking Society (青鞜社 Seitō-sha), as producer of the feminist arts-and-culture magazine Seitō (青鞜) in 1915, contributing until 1916. In her last year as Editor-in-Chief, she practiced an inclusive attitude towards content; she "opened the pages to extended discussions of abortion, prostitution, free love and motherhood". Seitō founder, Hiratsku Raichō, would describe her as a writer with intense and natural emotion. Itō's time as editor was fragile, as many thought the young editor would not be capable of steering the publication. On the cover of the July 1916 issue Itō published her "Anti-Manifesto," in which she discusses the views of the readership on her capabilities. She ends the editor's note with a declaration that the magazine will be "for all women, a magazine which has no ideology and no philosophy."

Under Itō's editorship, Seitō became a more radical journal, which led the government to ban five issues as threatening the kokutai (national system of government). The February 1914 edition was banned by the censors because of a short story Itō had published in the journal titled Shuppon ("Flight"), about a young woman who escapes from an arranged marriage and is then betrayed by her lover who promised to escape with her from Japan. The June 1915 edition was banned for an article calling for abortion to be legalized in Japan.

Three other editions of Seitō were banned: one edition because of an erotic short story where a woman happily remembers having sex the previous night; another edition for a short story dealing with the break-up of an arranged marriage, and another edition for an article titled "To The Women of the World" calling for women to marry for love. The narratives in Itō's stories held common themes: they were all influenced by her own thoughts on her political and personal beliefs, painting a vivid literary picture of the issues afflicting her at the time.

Her personal writings published in Seitō dealt with the many problems that she had dealt with in her own life such as arranged marriages, denial of the free love she much longed for, and the sexual nature that all humans felt but had been repressed. Her short story "Mayoi" in 1914 told the story of a student who moves in with her ex-school teacher, only to find out he had been intimate with her former classmate. This story directly parallels her own life with Tsuji Jun. "Tenki", another one of her stories published by Seitō, dealt with more of her own issues, as the main protagonist is drawn to social activism while her marriage proves to be an obstacle. Itō's writing was a way for her to express her personal beliefs, and she often used her own real life events to draw upon in order to create her stories. In total, she contributed 61 pieces to the magazine.

Under Itō, Seitō became more concerned with social issues than it had been before, and in 1914–16, she engaged in a debate on the pages of the magazine with another feminist, Yamakawa Kikue, about whether prostitution should be legalized or not. Itō argued for the legalization of prostitution for the same reasons that she favored the legalization of abortion, namely that she believed that women's bodies belonged only to them, and that the state had no business telling a woman what she may or may not do with her body.

Furthermore, Itō argued that the social system did not offer many economic opportunities to women and that most Japanese prostitutes were destitute women who turned to selling sex in order to survive, which led her to the conclusion that they should not be punished for merely seeking a means to live. Itō wrote social criticism and novels, and translated socialist and anarchist writings from English to Japanese, from authors such as American Emma Goldman (The Tragedy of Woman's Emancipation, etc.). In February 1916, Seitō published its last edition due to a lack of funds, as the government had prevented distributors from carrying the magazine.

Life with Sakae Ōsugi
Itō met Sakae Ōsugi in 1916. Together they kept working together in both political activism and political writings. As a couple they practiced free love and they never married. Sakae Ōsugi was married with another woman at the time and also had an affair with another feminist, Ichiko Kamichika.

Itō's passion for Ōsugi became evident in February 1916, when she went walking with him in a Tokyo park, holding his hand, and kissed him in public; at the time, kissing in public and couples holding hands in Japan were considered to be deeply immoral acts that no decent person should ever engage in, and many people in the park chided the couple for their behavior. Later that same day, when Ōsugi met Ichiko, he told her that he had kissed a woman in public for the first time in his life, to which Ichiko reacted with jealousy.

Itō, who was hoping to see Ōsugi again, had followed him to Ichiko's apartment, where she was listening in. She chose to knock on the door to involve herself in this conversation. This in turn caused an angry scene between the two women over who loved Ōsugi the best, while Ōsugi insisted he loved both equally. Ōsugi continued to live with his wife while seeing both Ichiko and Itō until November 1916, when in a moment of jealousy Ichiko followed Ōsugi and Itō to a countryside inn. Upon seeing that they had spent the night together, she attacked Ōsugi with a knife as he emerged from his room in the morning, stabbing him several times in the throat. Ōsugi was hospitalized as a result of his wounds and his wife left him during his stay in hospital.

Itō and Ōsugi would have four children together, and would stay together for the rest of their lives despite never actually being legally married. Her relationship with him would remain political as well, as she worked with him as a publishing partner. They would work together to further their ideas on anarchism through their writings and publishings, and would both become targets of the state and critics through their unabashed loyalty to their cause. In 1921, Itō wrote articles published in Rōdō Undō (Labor Movement), a journal which she published with Ōsugi.

Beginning in 1916, Ito lived and worked with Ōsugi, and continued to rise in the feminist group while showing growing leadership potential. As an anarchist, Itō was highly critical of the existing political system in Japan, which led her to call for an anarchism to exist in "everyday practice," namely that people should in various small ways seek routinely to undermine the "kokutai". Itō was especially critical of the way that most Japanese people automatically deferred to the state and accepted the claim that the emperor was a god who had to be obeyed unconditionally, leading her to complain that it was very difficult to get most people to think critically. As someone who had challenged the kokutai, Itō was constantly harassed by the police, to the point that she complained of feeling that her home was a prison, as she could not go out without a policeman stopping her.

Death
On September 16, 1923, according to writer and activist Harumi Setouchi, Itō, Ōsugi, and his 6-year-old nephew Munekazu (born in Portland, Oregon) were arrested, strangled to death, and thrown into an abandoned well by a squad of military police (known as the Kenpeitai) led by Lieutenant Masahiko Amakasu. The atrocity happened in the chaos immediately following the Great Kantō earthquake. Once the bodies were retrieved from the well, both Ōsugi and Itō's bodies were inspected and found to be covered with bruises indicating that they had been severely beaten. According to literary scholar Patricia Morley, Itō and Ōsugi were strangled in their cells. Noe Itō was 28 years old.

The killing of such high-profile anarchists, together with a young child, became known as the Amakasu Incident and sparked shock and anger throughout Japan. Amakasu was arrested and sentenced to ten years in prison for the murders, but he was released after serving only three years.

Itō and Ōsugi are both buried in the Kutsunoya cemetery in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka.

Legacy
Director Kijū Yoshida made Eros + Massacre in 1969, about Sakae Ōsugi; Itō features prominently in the film.

A drama based on Yuka Murayama's 2020 novel Kaze yo, Arashi yo, starring Yuriko Yoshitaka as Itō, is being broadcast on three NHK channels: NHK 8K on 31 March 2022 (one 120-minute episode), and NHK 4K and NHK BS Premium on 4, 11 and 18 September 2022 (three 49-minute episodes).

title: Itō Noe


text:
User:SimonTY

.

title: User:SimonTY


text:
User talk:Opponent

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello Opponent, welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for all your contributions. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them: If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * MediaWiki User's Guide
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

—Noldoaran (Talk) 04:20, Dec 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your kindly welcome. In Japanese Wikipedia, I had already looked at all of the pages you metioned. So, I have no question at this time. For me, it's hard to write/edit articles in English rather than in Japanese. - Opponent 08:10, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Opponent


text:
Gewehr 41

The Gewehr 41 Rifle 41, commonly known as the G41(W) or G41(M), denoting the manufacturer (Walther or Mauser), are two distinct and different battle rifles manufactured and used by Nazi Germany during World War II. They were largely superseded by the Gewehr 43, which was derived from the G41(W), but with an improved gas system and other detail changes.

Background
By 1940, it became apparent that some form of a semi-automatic rifle with a higher rate of fire than existing bolt-action rifle models was necessary to improve the infantry's combat efficiency. The Army issued a specification to various manufacturers, and Mauser and Walther submitted prototypes that were very similar. However, some restrictions were placed upon the design:

 * no holes were to be bored into the barrel for tapping gas for the loading mechanism;
 * the rifles were not to have any moving parts on the surface;
 * and in case the auto-loading mechanism failed, a bolt action was to be included.

Both designs used a mechanism known as the "Bang" system (after its Danish designer Søren H. Bang). In this system, propellant gases were captured by a cone-shaped gas trap at the muzzle, which in turn deflected them to operate a small piston which in turn pushed on a long piston rod that opened the breech and re-loaded the gun. This is as opposed to the more common type of gas-actuated system, in which gases are tapped off from the barrel, and pushed back on a piston to open the breech to the rear. Both also included fixed 10-round magazines that were loaded using two of the stripper clips from the Karabiner 98k, utilizing the same German-standard 7.92×57mm Mauser rounds. This in turn made reloading relatively slow (as compared to rifles that had magazines that could be reloaded from a single unit, such as the M1 Garand, although it was typical for its time, being identical to the reloading procedure of the 10-round Lee–Enfield).

The Mauser design, the G41(M), was the only one of the two that respected the criteria imposed. The end result was an overly complex, unreliable, clunky, and heavy rifle. It incorporated a familiar sighting and control arrangement to the standard Kar98k rifle. The G41(M) was striker-fired, rotating-bolt locking, and featured a traditional bolt handle/charging handle that automatically disconnected the bolt assembly from the recoil spring should the rifle be used in manual mode. The flag-type safety cams and blocks the striker. Only 6,673 were produced before production was halted, and of these, 1,673 were returned as unusable. Accuracy issues were noted since the front sight was mounted on the gas tube in front of the barrel, which would begin to drift out of alignment after prolonged fire. Most metal parts on this rifle were machined steel and some rifles, especially later examples, utilized the Bakelite type plastic hand guards.

The Walther design was more successful because the designers had simply ignored the last two restrictions listed above. Lacking the turn-bolt disconnector, the upper receiver was less exposed than the Mauser version. However, both the Walther and Mauser versions suffered from gas system fouling problems, since gasses at the muzzle cool down and deposit solid carbon fouling. These problems also seemed to stem from the muzzle trap system becoming excessively corroded from the use of corrosive salts in the ammunition primers. The muzzle assembly consisted of many tight-fitting parts and was difficult to keep clean, disassemble, and maintain in field conditions.

G41(W) rifles were produced at two factories, namely Walther at Zella Mehlis, and Berlin-Lübecker Maschinenfabrik. Walther guns bear the ac code, and WaA359 inspection proofs, while BLM guns bear the duv code with WaA214 inspection proofs. These rifles are also relatively scarce, and quite valuable in collector grade. Varying sources put production figures between 40,000 and 145,000 units. Again, these rifles saw a high attrition rate on the Eastern front.

The Walther rifle was redesigned in 1943 into the Gewehr 43, utilizing a short-stroke piston copied from the SVT-40 rifle, and implementing a conventional detachable box magazine.

title: Gewehr 41


text:
Tryonia

Tryonia is a genus of freshwater snails in the family Hydrobiidae. This genus is sometimes placed in the family Cochliopidae

Snails of this genus are very small with narrow shells. Females brood young within the genital tract. Species usually live in springs. The genus is differentiated from others by the structure of the male and female reproductive systems.

Most of these snails occur in western North America, especially the Chihuahuan Desert. There are also species known in Florida and Guatemala.

Species
Species include:
 * Tryonia adamantina – Diamond Y springsnail, Diamond tryonia
 * Tryonia aequicostata – smooth-rib hydrobe
 * Tryonia alamosae – Alamosa springsnail, Caliente tryonia
 * Tryonia angulata – Sportinggoods tryonia
 * Tryonia brevissima – regal hydrobe
 * Tryonia brunei – Brune's tryonia
 * Tryonia cheatumi – Phantom tryonia, Cheatum's snail
 * Tryonia circumstriata
 * Tryonia clathrata Stimpson, 1865 – grated tryonia (the type species)
 * Tryonia diaboli – devil tryonia
 * Tryonia elata – Point of Rocks tryonia
 * Tryonia ericae – minute tryonia
 * Tryonia gilae – Gila tryonia
 * Tryonia imitator – mimic tryonia, California brackish water snail
 * Tryonia infernalis – Blue Point Tryonia
 * Tryonia kosteri – Koster's tryonia, Sago tryonia
 * Tryonia margae – Grapevine Springs elongate tryonia
 * Tryonia protea – desert tryonia
 * Tryonia quitobaquitae – Quitabaquito tryonia
 * Tryonia robusta – robust tryonia
 * Tryonia rowlandsi – Grapevine Springs squat tryonia
 * Tryonia salina – Cottonball Marsh tryonia
 * Tryonia seemani (Frauenfeld, 1863)
 * Tryonia variegata – Amargosa tryonia

title: Tryonia


text:
Talk:Lists of landmark court decisions

European Union
In Costa v ENEL, the EU-Supreme court ruled that the European Community has created it's own "law district". So shouldn't EU-law be added to the page?

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Landmark decision. dbenbenn | talk 22:32, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Surely Marbury v. Madison ought to be referenced here?! 18.24.0.120 04:32, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Yeah, feel free to add it. Pakaran 04:32, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I hold that Brown v. Board of Education is the most famous case in U.S. history. - Woodrow 22:21, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I question the need for this article. First, there is already a List of United States Supreme Court cases, which this article really does not add to —it only lists Supreme Court cases, though it gives somewhat longer descriptions. Second, it tries to give a stricter definition than is really warranted by the imprecise manner in which the term is popularly used. Third, any such list is going to be inherently subjective, as there is no consensus as to which cases are the most important. Though there are a few that may standout as "uncontroversially" landmark, strictly speaking all this article should really be based on the title is a dicdef with several examples, which is not worth keeping. I'm really inclined to list it on VFD, but I want to hear contrary arguments for keeping it first. Postdlf 15:27, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I recommend a merge. Ellsworth 22:22, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)

If this article is not merged as above then it should either be expanded to inlcude significant cases from countries other than the United States, or moved to a title that reflects its US bias. Thryduulf 23:17, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

There really isn't anything to merge. The first paragraph is blatantly inaccurate, as the precedential and binding effects it describes are true of ALL appellate court cases. EVERY court decision in common law countries is supposed to guide how future decisions come out (see stare decisis) and EVERY higher court decision is binding upon lower courts. Once you remove that, all you have is an arbitrary Americentric list and a one-sentence dictionary definition of a vague, popular usage. Postdlf 01:04, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite
Can we re-structure the article and tone down the parts that deal with actual cases? The point of a landmark decision is the process itself: how does a nation's legal system work and how does a court maximize its influence. I don't think the U.S. Supreme Court would decide for sam-sex marriage, pot legalization, sending all the blacks to Africa or a total ban or Darwinism in public schools any time too soon no matter who's in charge of it. The Supreme Court is a coward. It never wants to be a public enemy. For a court to form a law-changing decision, there must be some reasons that enables it to do so. I think some people might have written some articles about this kind of struggle. If this article can introduce the readers the interplay of law, politics and the ever-changing public opinions, this article will be great. -- Toytoy 02:08, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)

Categorization
I've divided up the US Supreme Court cases into categories, which breaks up the monotony. Really, all of them are landmark cases - if you consider that the Supremes have been averaging about 100 cases a year for over 200 years, it doesn't seem like the opinions listed represent too big a chunk of the 20,000 from which there are to choose. -- 8^D BD2412gab 04:48, 2005 Mar 30 (UTC)
 * Who reverted this? Canada shouldn't be the only section with neat little categories. 75.118.170.35 (talk) 19:26, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Hurley v. GLIB is WRONG
The description of the case Hurley v. Irish American Gay Group of Boston is wrong. The decision actually asserted the right of the parade organizers under the first amendment to pick who they wanted in the parade and therefore kept the gays out.

The case really seems somewhat unremarkable to me, especially under this heading. A far better example of 1st Amendment association rights would be Dale v. BSA where the Supreme Court said private organizations have the freedom to select their own membership even if their selection is in violation of anti-discrimination laws.

Is Provaby a word?
Is Provaby a word?

Nix v. Hedden - not a landmark
I suggest that Nix v. Hedden (the case where the Court holds that the tomato is, in fact, a vegetable), while certainly a fun little case, is in no way a "landmark decision". Does anyone disagree? BD2412 talk 22:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Gonzales v. Oregon
Doesn't this recent decision count as a significent landmark decision?? tduwhs
 * To the extent that there can be any objective substance to this term, no. For one thing, I'd say wait more than a couple days to actually see what its impact will be; it takes an historical perspective to tell.  But unless a flurry of states suddenly legalize assisted suicide in response, I doubt it will ever become much of a landmark even in time.  The ruling was a rather narrow one on the issue of an executive official's interpretation of a statute.  If it had ruled that Congress couldn't criminalize assisted suicide, that would be significant.  But it just ruled that Congress didn't and the AG was wrong in saying that it had.  All it would take is for Congress to amend the CSA and this case would be largely irrelevant.  Postdlf 05:44, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Tough I hardly think that Congress would over turn that ruling. The GOP has a full plate as it is. I think it needs to pick up its image before focus on something else. I think it is significent and I know my thoughts dont really say much. So I say we look up news stories about the case and see what laywers, politicians and historical analists say.
 * Or we could actually wait awhile and see how history views it...? News stories hardly present an objective perspective on what's truly significant in the long run.  Postdlf 07:31, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Case citations
I note that it is common for articles describing USSC decisions to wikilink the cite of the case to case citation (which wikilink also appears in the See also section of this article). IMHO, it would be more useful to use the template. Is there some reason that I should not edit relevant pages to make this change? -- Boracay Bill 02:02, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * That template links to findlaw? I didn't even know it existed or else I would have changed it myself.  I think that's a brilliant idea.  There's a million articles on cases that just link to case cite.  In my opinion they should all be changed to this template.--Velvet elvis81 17:19, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Buckley v. Valeo
Buckley v. Valeo should be added to the list.

Clinton v. City of New York and Munn v. Illinois
Clinton v. City of New York and Munn v. Illinois should be added too.

Cause Celebre
Cause celebre has grammatical errors and should be rewritten or removed. Arnob (talk) 06:08, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Origin of the term
What is the origin of the term "landmark decision"? A quick google search doesn't help. I could probably find it with more extensive searching, but whatever it is it should probably be included in the article.Hypershock (talk) 16:00, 17 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Just an ordinary usage of "landmark" (Merriam-Webster: "an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage"); nothing really to explain there. It's not a distinct term of art particular to the legal context. postdlf (talk) 16:53, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

Dunsmuir v. New Brunswick, 2008 SCC 9, [2008] 1 S.C.R. 190 — 2008-03-07

Should be added. Its the standard of review. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.116.243.83 (talk) 01:33, 30 May 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Lists of landmark court decisions


text:
Talk:Organic nomenclature

An excellent book is being written on this topic at Organic chemistry. I'm adding in a link in a new section entitled See Also - Pingveno 04:32, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Rewrite
This is a really uninformative article, useful, it seems, only to somebody who already understands the topic.

If nobody objects, I'm going to rewrite so somebody who wants to learn nomenclature for organic compounds can actually look at it and walk away with some greater understanding. ZPG0705 18:44, 2005 May 8 (UTC)

title: Talk:Organic nomenclature


text:
User:Aggelophoros

I'm not going to be here often. I may edit one or two things, but I won't be doing much.

Soyez réalistes, demandez l’impossible.

I'm a student at the University of Queensland, studying Archaeology and Geographical Science. Here's what I've been involved in so far, (since 16 December, 2003):

What have I edited?
Check my gallery for photographs I have taken myself.

Handy Pages

 * Copyright Tags for Images!
 * Citing sources.
 * Templates for warning other users for vandalism etc

My "'To Do'" List

 * A Passage in Time - DCD compilation
 * Dead Can Dance (1981-1998) - DCD box set
 * Template:Dead Can Dance - to infobox or not to infobox?
 * Take a photo of Tarama
 * User:Aggelophoros/Lisa Gerrard

Wanted Articles

 * Soma (band) - the band of David Thrussel and Pieter Bourke
 * Archaeology related articles:
 * Overkill Hypothesis
 * Kill sites
 * These Australian archaeological sites:
 * Nauwalabila
 * Malakanunja
 * Beacon Island
 * Australian Archaeologists:
 * Harry Lourandos
 * Richard Fullagar

Works in Progress (e.g. Stubbed, missing details)

 * Try to clean-up and make this article read a little easier: Veldwezelt-Hezerwater

title: User:Aggelophoros


text:
User talk:Bidwellm

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

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PS. You can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

authors: Template namespace initialisation script

title: User talk:Bidwellm


text:
USS Holland

Several ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Holland:

 * USS Holland (SS-1), launched 1897 as the prototype Holland VI, then commissioned as USS Holland in 1900, was one of the US Navy's first submarines.
 * USS Holland (AS-3), launched 1926, was a submarine tender that served in World War II and was scrapped in 1953.
 * USS Holland (AS-32), launched 1963, was a submarine tender decommissioned in 1996.

title: USS Holland


text:
Talgat Musabayev

Talgat Amangeldyuly Musabayev (Талғат Аманкелдіұлы Мұсабаев, Talğat Amankeldıūly Mūsabaev; born 7 January 1951) is a Kazakh politician, test pilot and former cosmonaut who flew on three spaceflights. His first two spaceflights were long-duration stays aboard the Russian space station Mir. His third spaceflight was a short duration visiting mission to the International Space Station, which also carried the first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. He retired as a cosmonaut in November 2003. Since 2007 he has been head of KazCosmos, Kazakhstan's National Space Agency.

Early career
Musabayev graduated from Riga Civil Aviation Engineers Institute in 1974. Then in 1983 he graduated from Higher Military Aviation School in Akhtubinsk, with an engineering diploma. Musabayev received several awards as an aerobatic flyer and was selected as a cosmonaut on 11 May 1990. In 1991, he was appointed to Major and transferred to the cosmonaut group of Air Force (TsPK-11).

Cosmonaut career
Musabayev was selected to be a cosmonaut on 11 May 1990.

Mir EO-16
His first spaceflight was as a crew member of the long-duration mission Mir EO-16, which was launched and landed by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-19. Musabayev was designated Flight Engineer; the mission lasted from 1 July 1994 to 4 November 1994, for a total duration of 125 days 22 hours 53 minutes.

Mir EO-25
His second spaceflight was as Commander of another long-duration expedition called Mir EO-25, which was launched by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-27. The mission lasted from 29 January 1998 to 25 August 25, 1998.

ISS EP-1
His third mission was as Commander of ISS EP-1, which was a visiting mission to the International Space Station. It was launched by Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31 on 6 May 2001, for a total duration of 7 days 22 hours 4 minutes. This visiting mission was notable for carrying the first ever paying space tourist Dennis Tito.

, he was among the top 30 cosmonauts by time in space.

Later life
He retired from being a cosmonaut in November 2003. He became deputy head of the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy and was appointed to Major General in September 2003. From 2005 to 2007 he was General Director of "Bayterek" Corp. which was a Kazakhstani-Russian Joint Venture.

11 April 2007, Musabayev was appointed Head of the National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, also known as KazCosmos.

From July 13, 2017 to January 24, 2023 - Deputy of the Senate of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Personal life
He is married and has two children.

Honours and awards

 * Hero of the Russian Federation (24 November 1994) – for active participation in the preparation and successful implementation of lengthy space flight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir, displaying courage and heroism
 * People's Hero of Kazakhstan (1995)
 * Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
 * 2nd class (28 September 2001) – for their courage and heroism in the implementation of the international space flight
 * 3rd class (25 December 1998) – for their courage and selflessness shown during spaceflight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir
 * Order of Otan (1998)
 * Order Barys (Leopard), 1st class (2002)
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) – for outstanding contribution to the development of international cooperation in manned space flight
 * Medal "Astana" (1999)
 * Order of Friendship of Peoples (10 October 1991) – for active participation in preparation for space flight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir, a great contribution to strengthening mutual understanding, friendship and trust between the peoples of the Soviet Union and the Republic of Austria
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation (1994)
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of Kazakhstan (1995)
 * Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (Austria, 1991)
 * Officer of the Legion of Honour (France, October 2010) – for services to the exploration of space and, in particular, for close cooperation with France and French astronauts during his second 208-day space flight in 1998, as well as effective strategic partnership with France as the head of KazCosmos
 * NASA Space Flight Medal (United States, 1998) for distinguished contributions to the Shuttle-Mir program

title: Talgat Musabayev


text:
User talk:SimonTY

Hi. I deleted Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer;. This was a hoax from an April fool's issue of Discover magazine. RickK 04:39, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:SimonTY


text:
Talk:John of Ibelin

Surname
Changed the surname Arsuf back to Arsur; this is how it's given in my source: Jonathan Riley-Smith. (1973). The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. MacMillan Press. -- Zannah 04:39, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Oh, sorry...I assumed it was a misspelling of Arsuf. Where is Arsur? Adam Bishop 05:48, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

As it turns out, it's the same place as Arsuf; Arsur was how the Crusaders referred to Arsuf. -- Zannah 21:03, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Ah, that explains it :) Adam Bishop 21:47, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Sempad's letter
This letter was written from Sempad to Jean d'Ibelin. Anyone have any idea which of the "Johns of Ibelin" this may have been? --Elonka 05:21, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * John of Ibelin (jurist), the count of Jaffa, and Sempad's brother-in-law (the address is to John the "count of Jaffa" and his "brother", alongside his sister Maria, John's wife). Adam Bishop (talk) 05:29, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * You rock. :)  Thanks Adam, I've updated the Commons page accordingly. --Elonka 05:43, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * You're welcome - I was trying to transcribe and translate it on my sandbox page, but that image isn't the whole letter. What should I do with that anyway? Wikisource? Adam Bishop (talk) 06:40, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think Wikisource would be perfect. :) Also, a question about Maria. You said that Maria was Sempad's sister, but I didn't see her mentioned as a sibling on the page of Sempad's father Constantine of Baberon.  Is that an omission, or was she a half-sister from a different source? --Elonka 15:15, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't know...she was a sister of Hethum I, King of Armenia, so it would follow that she is also Sempad's sister, but I don't know the specifics. (Sempad calls her "sister" in the letter, at least.) Adam Bishop (talk) 18:54, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:John of Ibelin


text:
Chūō, Tokyo

Chūō (中央区) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The ward refers to itself in English as Chūō City. It was formed in 1947 as a merger of Kyobashi and Nihonbashi wards following Tokyo City's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis.

Chūō-ku, as a combination of Kyobashi and Nihonbashi, is the core of Shitamachi, the original downtown center of Edo-Tokyo. Literally meaning "Central Ward", it is historically the main commercial center of Tokyo, although Shinjuku has risen to challenge it since the end of World War II.

The most famous district in Chūō is Ginza, built on the site of a former silver mint from which it takes its name. The gold mint, or Kinza (金座), formerly occupied the site of the present-day Bank of Japan headquarters building, also in Chūō.

As of October 1, 2020, the ward has a resident population of 169,179, and a population density of 16,569 persons per km2. The total area is 10.21 km2. However, because of the concentration of businesses, offices and retail space, the daytime population swells to an estimated 650,000.

Geography
Chūō is in the central area of Tokyo, surrounded by the five special wards of Chiyoda, Minato, Taitō, Sumida, and Kōtō.

Administratively, Chūō is divided into the three zones of Nihonbashi, Kyobashi and Tsukishima. Nihonbashi and Kyobashi are predominantly commercial areas on the east side of Tokyo Station, and incorporate the famous districts of Ginza and Tsukiji. Tsukishima is a separate island in Tokyo Bay dominated by condominium towers.

Until World War II, the area was crisscrossed by small rivers and canals, used by small boats which were the primary vehicles of commerce at the time. After the war, many of these waterways were filled in to make way for new roads, buildings and expressways. However, the former waterways are the basis for many of the neighborhood divisions in the ward. The Sumida River forms the eastern boundary of the ward.

Chūō is physically the second-smallest ward in Tokyo, with a total area of just 10.15 km2; only Taitō is smaller.

History

 * 1612: Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu, planning to establish Edo as the de facto capital of Japan, begins work on a new commercial district surrounding the eastern end of the Tōkaidō, the main road connecting Tokyo and the Kansai region. During the Edo period this area is known as Edomachi—the town center of Edo. Much of the area (particularly Ginza and Tsukiji) was loose sand piled at the delta of the Sumida River before being filled in by the shogunate.
 * 1657: After a fire consumes much of the city, the area is re-planned with more canals to accommodate more maritime commerce.
 * 1869: A foreigners' settlement is established in Tsukiji. It continues until about 1899.
 * 1872: A fire consumes much of the Ginza area. In its aftermath, the governor of Tokyo re-plans Ginza to be a modern European-style commercial district between Shinbashi (the city's main railway terminal at the time) to the south and Nihonbashi (the main business and financial district) to the north.
 * 1878: Under a new local organization statute, the wards of Nihonbashi and Kyobashi are established under the government of Tokyo City, covering the area now occupied by Chūō.
 * 1945: Following Japan's defeat in World War II, several buildings are taken over by SCAP to serve as supply centers for the occupation forces. These include the Hattori Watch Company, the Matsuya department store and the Toshiba Building. The buildings are returned to Japanese civilian control by 1951.
 * 1947: Chūō Ward is founded on March 15 under the new Local Autonomy Law, merging the former Nihonbashi and Kyōbashi wards.

Nihonbashi Area (日本橋地区)

 * Bakurochō (馬喰町)
 * Hakozakicho (箱崎町): Location of Tokyo City Air Terminal (T-CAT)
 * Hamacho (浜町)
 * Arashio stable (荒汐部屋): Stable of professional sumo wrestlers
 * Higashi-Nihonbashi (東日本橋)
 * Hisamatsucho (久松町)
 * Nihonbashi-Honcho (本町)
 * Hongokucho (本石町): Location of Bank of Japan (日本銀行).
 * Horidomecho (堀留町)
 * Kabutocho (兜町): The securities district. Location of Tokyo Stock Exchange.
 * Kakigaracho (蛎殻町)
 * Suitengu Shrine (水天宮): A Shinto shrine at which women pray for conception and safe birth.
 * Kayabacho (茅場町)
 * Koamicho
 * Kobunacho
 * Kodenmacho (小伝馬町)
 * Muromachi (室町): Location of Mitsukoshi (三越) department stores.
 * Nakasu
 * Nihonbashi (日本橋): Traditional commercial center. Also home to the Takashimaya (高島屋) department stores, and the "zero milestone" from which highway distances to Tokyo are measured.
 * Ningyocho (人形町)
 * Odenmacho (大伝馬町)
 * Tomizawacho (富沢町)
 * Yokoyamacho (横山町)

Kyōbashi Area (京橋地区)

 * Akashicho, Chuo, Tokyo (明石町): Home to St. Luke's Hospital and Nursing School and the adjacent Garden Tower skyscraper.
 * Ginza (銀座): Tokyo's most expensive shopping district, housing large stores such as Matsuya (松屋), Matsuzakaya (松坂屋), Mitsukoshi (三越), Wako (和光), and Printemps (プランタン), as well as the famous Kabuki-za (歌舞伎座) theater. At night, Ginza is ablaze with neon lights. Exclusive bars abound.
 * Shinbashi Enbujō (新橋演舞場): A famous theater
 * Hamarikyu-teien (浜離宮庭園): Location of Hama-rikyū Gardens (浜離宮恩賜庭園). A spacious public park, formerly the property of ''daimyō' of Kōshū, and later under the administration of the Imperial Household Agency
 * Hatchobori, Chuo, Tokyo (八丁堀): During the Edo period, the location of the police barracks
 * Irifune (入船)
 * Kyōbashi (京橋)
 * Minato (harbor) (湊)
 * Shinkawa, Tokyo (新川)
 * Eitai Bridge (永代橋): A bridge across the Sumida River (隅田川)
 * Shintomi, Chuo, Tokyo (新富)
 * Tsukiji (築地): Location of Chūō City Office. Widely viewed as one of the best sushi (寿司) destinations in the world because of its huge wholesale fish market, which supplies restaurants and stores across eastern Japan. Also home to the Jōdo Shinshū temple of Tsukiji Hongan-ji (築地本願寺).
 * Yaesu (八重洲): District on the east side of Tokyo Station(東京駅). The Yaesu side of Tokyo Station is the terminal for the Shinkansen (新幹線) "bullet train" lines.

Tsukishima Area (月島地区)

 * Harumi (晴海): the Harumi passenger terminal is here
 * Kachidoki (勝どき): The location of a bridge of the same name over the Sumida River
 * Toyomicho, Chuo, Tokyo (豊海町)
 * Tsukishima (月島); Famous for many Monjayaki restaurants
 * Tsukuda (Chūō, Tokyo) (佃)
 * Sumiyoshi Shrine (Tokyo) (住吉神社): A Shinto shrine with a history dating back to 1590

Economy
Ricoh is headquartered in the Ricoh Building in Chūō. The company moved its headquarters to the 25-story building in the Ginza area in Chūō from Minato, Tokyo in 2006. In the building the headquarters occupies the same space as its sales offices. Sumitomo Corporation is headquartered in the Harumi Island Triton Square Office Tower Y in Chūō. Daiichi Sankyo, a global pharmaceutical company is also headquartered in the ward, in the Daiichi Sankyo Building. Oji Paper Holdings and Hokuetsu Corporation, two pulp and paper manufacturing companies have their headquarters in Ginza and Nihonbashihongoku, respectively. J. Front Retailing has its headquarters in Yaesu. Asahi Shimbun, Mitsui E＆S, and Nihon Ad Systems have their headquarters in Tsukiji. Ajinomoto, Mitsui Fudosan, Shinsei Bank, Nomura Group and Meidi-Ya are also headquartered in the ward. Shimizu Corporation and Sumitomo Mitsui Construction, two construction companies are headquartered in the ward, the former in Kyōbashi and the latter in Tsukuda district. Orion Breweries and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company have their Tokyo-area offices in Chūō. Toray Industries, Denka and Kureha Corporation, three global chemical companies; Astellas Pharma, a global pharmaceutical company; KOSÉ, a personal care and cosmetics company; Nisshinbo Holdings, a diversified manufacturing company; and Akebono Brake Industry, an automobile component manufacturer have their headquarters in the Nihonbashi area of the ward. Sumitomo Chemical is also headquartered in the ward, in the Kyōbashi area. MODEC, a global supplier and operator of offshore floating platforms, T. Hasegawa, a flavors and fragrances company, and Nissan Chemical Corporation, have their corporate headquarters in the Nihonbashi district.

Foreign operations
IBM has its Japan headquarters in Chūō.

Former economic operations
Dai-ichi Kikaku Senden Co., Ltd. opened in Chūō in Ginza, Chūō in December 1951. In January 1958 the company relocated to a new headquarters in Ginza. The company moved to another headquarters in Ginza in September 1961 and its name changed to Dai-ichi Kikaku Co. Ltd. In November 1974, after growth, the company moved to another headquarters in Ginza. In November 1981 Dai-ichi Kikaku moved its head office to a facility in Ginza and a facility in Uchisaiwaichō, Chiyoda. The headquarters of Asatsu moved to Ginza in July 1995. Asatsu and Dai-ichi Kikaku merged into Asatsu-DK on January 1, 1999.

In the late 1990s GeoCities Japan was headquartered in the Nihonbashi Hakozaki Building in Nihonbashi.

Tokyopop maintained its Japanese headquarters in Mid-Tower of the Tokyo Towers.

Politics and government
Chuo is run by a city assembly of 30 elected members. The current mayor is Yoshihide Yada, an independent backed Liberal Democratic Party and Komeito.

Elections

 * 2007 Chuo mayoral election

Rail
At Tokyo Station, six Shinkansen, seven ordinary railway, and one subway line serve Chūō. In addition, three Toei subway lines stop at various stations throughout the ward.

Highway
Shuto Expressway
 * No. 1 Ueno Route (Edobashi JCT – Iriya)
 * No. 6 Mukojima Route (Edobashi JCT – Horikiri JCT)
 * No. 9 Fukagawa Route (Hakozaki JCT – Tatsumi JCT)
 * C1 Inner Loop (Edobashi–Takaracho–Kyōbashi–Ginza–Shiodome–Hamazakibashi–Shiba Park–Tanimachi–Kasumigaseki–Daikanmachi–Edobashi)

Colleges and universities

 * Shizenkan University
 * St. Luke's International University
 * Waseda University Nihonbashi Campus

Primary and secondary education
Public elementary and junior high schools schools in Chūō are operated by the Chūō City Board of Education (中央区教育委員会). Public high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education.

There is one prefectural high school in Chuo Ward, Harumi Sogo High School.

Public junior high schools include:
 * Ginza Junior High School (銀座中学校)
 * Harumi Junior High School (晴海中学校)
 * Nihonbashi Junior High School (日本橋中学校)
 * Tsukuda Junior High School (佃中学校)

Public elementary schools include:
 * Akashi Elementary School (明石小学校) - Akashicho
 * Its previous building opened in 1926. The Architectural Institute of Japan advocated for retaining the building, but the board of education chose to raze the building and build a new one.
 * Arima Elementary School (有馬小学校) - Nihonbashi Kakigaracho
 * Chuo Elementary School - Minato, Chuo, Tokyo
 * Formed on April 1, 1993 (Heisei 5) by the merger of Kyoka Elementary School (京華小学校) and Teppozu Elementary School (鉄砲洲小学校).
 * Hisamatsu Elementary School (久松小学校) - Nihonbashi Hisamatsucho
 * Joto Elementary School (城東小学校) - Yaesu
 * Kyobashi Tsukiji Elementary School (京橋築地小学校) - Tsukiji
 * Meisho Elementary School (明正小学校) - Shinkawa, Chuo, Tokyo
 * Nihonbashi Elementary School (日本橋小学校) - Nihonbashi Ningyocho
 * Sakamoto Elementary School (阪本小学校) - Nihonbashi Kabutocho
 * Taimei Elementary School - Ginza
 * Tokiwa Elementary School (常盤小学校) - Nihonbashi Hongokucho
 * Toyomi Elementary School (豊海小学校) - Toyomicho
 * Tsukishima Daiichi (No. 1) Elementary School (島第一小学校)
 * Tsukishima Daini (No. 2) Elementary School (島第二小学校) - Kachidoki
 * Tsukishima Daisan (No. 3) Elementary School (島第三小学校) - Harumi
 * Tsukudajima Elementary School (佃島小学校)

title: Chūō, Tokyo


text:
Gothaer Waggonfabrik

Gothaer Waggonfabrik (Gotha, GWF) was a German manufacturer of rolling stock established in the late nineteenth century at Gotha. During the two world wars, the company expanded into aircraft building.

World War I
In World War I, Gotha was the manufacturer of a highly successful series of bombers based on a 1914 design by Oskar Ursinus and developed by Hans Burkhard. From 1917, the Burkhard-designed twin pusher biplane bomber aircraft were capable of carrying out strategic bombing missions over England, the first heavier-than-air aircraft used in this role. Several dozen of these bombers were built in a number of subtypes - the Ursinus-based Gotha G.I, and the succeeding Burkhard-designed G.II, G.III, G.IV, and G.V. This last variant was the most prolific, with thirty-six in squadron service at one point.

Inter war years
Whilst Germany was prohibited from military aircraft manufacture by the Treaty of Versailles, Gotha returned to its railway endeavours, but returned to aviation with the rise of the Nazi government and the abandonment of the Treaty's restrictions.

Auto-production 1921–1928
In 1921 the company purchased Automobilwerk Eisenach, thereby entering automobile production and, with the Dixi 3/15 DA-1 playing an important part in expanding the German auto-market to buyers who hitherto would have ridden motorcycles, if at all. The company encountered a cash crisis in 1928 and the Dixi branded auto-business was sold to BMW: the Dixi 3/15 DA-1 was rebadged in 1928 as the BMW 3/15 DA-2, the name by which today the little car is better remembered.

In 1924 the Cyklon Maschinenfabrik, a manufacturer that had concentrated on motor-bikes and cycle cars came to be merged into the larger Gothaer Waggonfabrik business, through a rather indirect route of company purchases and sales. This gave Cyklon access to the viable sales and distribution network of Dixi and aspirations to become a serious auto-producer. Between 1927 and 1929 the company produced the Cyklon 9/40 which at the time was the most inexpensive six cylinder powered car sold in Germany. The conservative looking car featured a modern all-steel body produced by Germany's leading producer of steel car bodies, Ambi-Budd's Berlin based business. It was, in fact, the first all-steel standard car body produced by Ambi-Budd in Berlin and, incongruously to some modern readers, was shared with the Adler Standard 6, a more powerful and higher priced six cylinder car from one of Germany's mainstream auto-makers of the 1930s. The sale by Gothaer Waggonfabrik of the cash-strapped Dixi business to BMW meant an end to Cyklon's access to a sales network, and highlighted the lack of cash for running the auto-business which rapidly fizzled out after 1928, although Cyklon was not formally wound up until 1931.

World War II
Gotha's main contribution to the new Luftwaffe was the Gotha Go 145 trainer, of which 1,182 were built. The firm also produced the Gotha Go 242 assault glider and licence-built Messerschmitt Bf 110. Perhaps the most famous Gotha product of World War II, however, was an aircraft that never entered service, the Horten Ho 229. This was an exotic jet-powered, flying wing fighter aircraft designed by the Horten brothers, who lacked the facilities to mass-produce it. Two prototypes flew, the second (powered) version lost in an accident on its third flight. The third prototype- built to a modified design - was almost complete and four more were in various stages of manufacture before the end of the war. The Ho 229 V3 ended up in American hands, and is currently at the NASM's Udvar-Hazy Center, under evaluation for restoration.

On 22 February 1944, a squadron of American bombers was sent from Britain to bomb the factory, but due to bad weather, the mission was cancelled before they reached Gotha. On the way back, the Dutch border city of Nijmegen was bombed instead as a 'target of opportunity', killing hundreds of civilians.

On 24 February 1944, 239 American B-24s are dispatched to the primary target at Gotha, Germany (169 bomb Gotha); the lead bombardier from 2AD suffered from anoxia due to a faulty oxygen mask and mistook Eisenach as the primary target, 43 other B-24s released on his mistake (44 bomb Eisenach); they claim 50-10-20 Luftwaffe aircraft; 34 B-24s are lost and 29 are damaged; casualties are: 3 KIA, 6 WIA and 324 MIA.

Post war
Following the war, Gotha once again returned to its original purpose, building trams and light rail vehicles in the former East Germany. The tram production ended in 1967, after East Germany started importing ČKD-Tatra trams from Czechoslovakia.

From 1983 on, parts for the Wartburg 535/1.3 were produced. After the end of the Wartburg production in Eisenach after 1991 the production concentrated on truck trailers. In 1997 the company was split and privatized by the Treuhandanstalt.

Today the Schmitz Cargobull Gotha GmbH (production site of Schmitz Cargobull AG) produces around 4000 truck trailers per year. The second successor is the Gothaer Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH, which produces lattice mast elements for mobile cranes and welded components.

List of aircraft
Gotha aircraft included:
 * Gotha B.I/II
 * Gotha G.I
 * Gotha G.II
 * Gotha G.III
 * Gotha G.IV
 * Gotha G.V
 * Gotha G.VI
 * Gotha G.VII
 * Gotha G.IX
 * Gotha G.X
 * Gotha LD.1
 * Gotha WD.2
 * Gotha WD.3
 * Gotha WD.7, seaplane trainer, 1916
 * Gotha WD.11,
 * Gotha WD.14,
 * Gotha WD.27,
 * Gotha Go 145, trainer
 * Gotha Go 146, small transport (twin-engine), 1935
 * Gotha Go 147, STOL reconnaissance (prototype)
 * Gotha Go 149, military trainer, two built
 * Gotha Go 150, light aircraft
 * Horten Ho 229, fighter (flying-wing), Gotha was selected for mass-production
 * Gotha Go 242, transport glider
 * Gotha Go 244, transport
 * Gotha Go 345, assault glider
 * Gotha Ka 430, transport glider
 * Gotha Taube a variation of the Etrich Taube

title: Gothaer Waggonfabrik


text:
Soyuz TM-27

Soyuz TM-27 was a Russian spaceflight that ferried cosmonauts and supplies to the Russian space station Mir. It was the 33rd expedition to Mir. It was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome on January 29, 1998. The main mission was to exchange one crew member, carry out French mission PEGASE, and conduct routine science experiments.

TM-27 docked with Mir. The crew repaired the Spektr solar panel and installed a new VDU station orientation system.

Mission accomplishments

 * Docked with Mir
 * Exchange part of crew
 * Carried out French mission PEGASE
 * Conducted routine science experiments

EVA schedule

 * 03.03.1998 aborted due to faulty hatch
 * 01.04.1998 (6h 40m)
 * 06.04.1998 (4h 23m)
 * 11.04.1998 (6h 25m)
 * 17.04.1998 (6h 32m)
 * 22.04.1998 (6h 21m)
 * Over the course of these 5 walks, the cosmonauts repaired the Spektr solar panel and installed a new VDU station orientation system.

Mission notes
Both cosmonauts and astronaut Andy Thomas (arrived on STS-89) became the 25th resident crew. Eyharts landed on 19.02.1998 with Soyuz TM-26-spacecraft. Included astronaut from France.

title: Soyuz TM-27


text:
Greenland cod

The Greenland cod (Gadus ogac), commonly known also as ogac, is a species of ray-finned fish in the cod family, Gadidae. Genetic analysis has shown that it may be the same species as the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). It is a bottom-dwelling fish and is found on the continental shelf in the Arctic Ocean and northwestern Atlantic Ocean, its range extending from Alaska to West Greenland, then southwards along the Canadian coast to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Cape Breton Island. It is a commercially harvested food fish, but landings have been greatly reduced in recent years.

Taxonomy
Molecular genetic analyses strongly suggest that Greenland cod is not different from Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus - Gadus ogac is then a junior synonym of G. macrocephalus. ITIS and the Catalogue of Life list Gadus ogac as synonym of G. macrocephalus.

Description
In colour the Greenland cod is generally sombre, ranging from tan to brown to silvery. Its appearance is similar to that of other cod species; generally heavy-bodied, elongate, usually with a stout caudal peduncle. They can grow to a length of 77 cm.

They are bottom fishes inhabiting inshore waters and continental shelves, up to depths of 200 m. Their range covers the Arctic Ocean and Northwest Atlantic Ocean from Alaska to West Greenland, then south along the Canadian coast to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Cape Breton Island generally from 45 to 75 degrees north.

Their wholesome flesh is whitish and flaky but firmer and tougher and less desirable than that of the Atlantic cod. The stock of Greenland cod has been strongly reduced in recent years.

title: Greenland cod


text:
Talk:Gothaer Waggonfabrik

company descendancy
Does anyone know - is this the same company now part of BWG GmbH?

Please see the German Treat. Hegen 22:57, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gothaer Waggonfabrik


text:
Talk:Athenian democracy

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): LASU2017.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:55, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Class Project
Hello! I am going to hopefully be adding some more information and tweeking/improving this article for a class project. I wanted to keep a running list of the edits I make here, so the community can see them. Edit 1: added a reference to a britannica article as a source to the sentence about Cleisthenes' contribution to developing Athenian democracy. :D Updates 5/4: Added Women in Athen's section as well as paragraphs to the Citizenship section and clarified information on the Constitution of Athenians and Solon's reforms. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vixwint (talk • contribs) 14:17, 5 May 2021 (UTC) Vixwint (talk) 06:04, 10 March 2021 (UTC)Vicxwint dded Women in Athen's section as well as paragraphs to the Citizenship section and clarified information on the Constitution of Athenians and Solon's reforms. — Prdded Women in Athen's section as well as paragraphs to the Citizenship section and clarified information on the Constitution of Athenians and Solon's reforms. — Pr

Civics
Athenian democracy 106.205.48.164 (talk) 05:01, 7 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Athenian democracy


text:
Kita, Tokyo

Kita (北区) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is City of Kita. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 340,287, and a population density of 16,510 persons per km2. The total area is 20.61 km2.

Districts and neighborhoods

 * Akabane-Iwabuchi Area
 * Akabane
 * Akabanedai
 * Akabanekita
 * Akabaneminami
 * Akabanenishi
 * Iwabuchimachi
 * Kamiya, Kita, Tokyo
 * Kirigaoka, Kita, Tokyo
 * Nishigaoka
 * Shimo
 * Ukima

 * Ōji Area
 * Higashijūjō
 * Horifune
 * Jūjōdai
 * Jūjōnakahara
 * Kamijūjō
 * Kishimachi
 * Nakajūjō
 * Ōji, Kita, Tokyo
 * Ōjihonmachi
 * Toshima, Kita, Tokyo

 * Takinogawa Area
 * Higashitabata
 * Kaminakazato
 * Nakazato, Kita, Tokyo
 * Nishigahara
 * Sakaemachi
 * Shōwachō
 * Tabata, Kita, Tokyo
 * Tabatashin-machi
 * Takinogawa, Kita, Tokyo

History
The area was a collection of rural villages and towns until the 1880s, when it was connected by rail to central Tokyo (Oji Station opening in 1883). Parts of the area joined Tokyo City in 1932 as the Ōji (former Ōji and Iwabuchi towns) and Takinogawa (former Takinogawa town) Wards. Kita was officially formed in 1947 by the merger of these wards.

Geography
The name Kita, meaning "north," reflects the location among the wards of Tokyo. To its north lie the cities of Kawaguchi and Toda in Saitama Prefecture. To the east, south and west lie other special wards: Adachi, Arakawa, Itabashi, Bunkyō, and Toshima.

Four rivers run through Kita:
 * Arakawa River
 * Sumida River
 * Shakujii River
 * Shingashi River

Famous sites

 * Asukayama Park
 * Ukima Park
 * Chūō Park (formerly Camp Oji)
 * Kyu-Furukawa Gardens, designated a National Place of Scenic Beauty.
 * Nanushi-no-taki Park
 * Oji Shrine, one of the Tokyo Ten Shrines (東京十社).
 * Oji Inari shrine

Economy
The head office of Seiyu Group is in Kita.

Education
The city's public elementary and middle schools are operated by the City of Kita Board of Education.

The city's public high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education.
 * Asuka High School (東京都立飛鳥高等学校)
 * Akabane Commercial High School (東京都立赤羽商業高等学校)
 * Kirigaoka High School (東京都立桐ケ丘高等学校)
 * Oji Technical High School (東京都立王子総合高等学校)

The following private domestic schools are in the ward:
 * Seigakuin Junior & Senior High School (for boys) – Nakazato, Tokyo
 * Joshi Seigakuin Junior & Senior High School (for girls) – Nakazato

The following international schools are in the ward:
 * Lycée Français International de Tokyo (French)
 * École Internationale Franco-Japonaise 東京日仏国際学園 EIFJ Tokyo (French-English-Japanese)
 * Tokyo Korean Junior and Senior High School (North Korean)

The following universities are in the ward:
 * Tokyo University of Social Welfare
 * Tokyo Seitoku University

Rail

 * JR East
 * Tōhoku Main Line, Takasaki Line, Utsunomiya Line: Oku, Akabane Stations
 * Saikyō Line (Akabane Line): Itabashi, Jujo, Akabane, Kita Akabane, Ukima Funado Stations
 * Keihin-Tōhoku Line: Tabata, Kami Nakazato, Ōji, Higashi Jujo, Akabane Stations
 * Yamanote Line: Tabata Station
 * Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Tokyo Sakura Tram: Nishigahara-yonchome, Takinogawa-ichome, Asukayama, Oji-ekimae, Sakaecho, Kajiwara Stations
 * Tokyo Metro Namboku Line: Nishigahara, Ōji, Ōji Kamiya, Shimo, Akabane Iwabuchi Stations
 * Saitama Rapid Railway Line (Sainokuni Stadium Line): Akabane-Iwabuchi Station

Highways

 * Shuto Expressway C2 Central Loop (Itabashi JCT – Kasai JCT)
 * Route 17 (Nakasendō)

Notable people from Kita

 * Kōbō Abe, Japanese writer, playwright, musician, photographer, inventor and novelist
 * Elephant Kashimashi, rock band
 * Kyoko Fukada, model, actress, and singer
 * Megumi Hayashibara, seiyuu, musician, singer, writer, radio DJ and TV talk show host, certified nurse
 * Hikaru Ijuin, radio and television personality
 * Kiyoshi Kodama, actor and TV personality
 * Kazuya Yoshii, singer-songwriter and musician (The Yellow Monkey)
 * KOHH, rapper (Real Name: Yuki Chiba, Nihongo: 千葉雄喜, Chiba Yūki)
 * Yuichi Nakamaru, singer-songwriter, actor, television personality, radio host, and a member of KAT-TUN

International relations
Kita has a sister city relationship with Xuanwu District, Beijing, China.

It is also twinned with the following cities in Japan.
 * Sakata, Yamagata
 * Kanra, Gunma
 * Nakanojō, Gunma

title: Kita, Tokyo