text:
Shelley Moore Capito

Shelley Wellons Moore Capito (born November 26, 1953) is an American politician and retired educator serving in her second term as the junior United States senator from West Virginia, a post she has held since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, Capito served seven terms as the U.S. representative from West Virginia's 2nd congressional district from 2001 to 2015. The daughter of three-term West Virginia governor Arch Alfred Moore Jr., she is the dean of West Virginia's congressional delegation.

Capito was the only Republican in West Virginia's congressional delegation until 2011, and the first Republican woman elected to Congress from West Virginia. She was the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from West Virginia and the first Republican to win a full term in the Senate from West Virginia since 1942. She was reelected in 2020, defeating Democratic nominee Paula Jean Swearengin, and becoming the first West Virginia Republican reelected to the Senate since 1907.

Since 2021, Capito has served as the ranking member of the Senate Environment Committee. She will become West Virginia's senior senator in January 2025 when Joe Manchin retires from the Senate.

Early life and education
Shelley Wellons Moore Capito was born in Glen Dale, West Virginia, the daughter of Shelley (née Riley) and Arch Alfred Moore Jr., who served three terms as the state's governor. A resident of Charleston, Capito was educated at the Holton-Arms School, a private college-preparatory school in Bethesda, Maryland; Duke University, where she earned her bachelor's degree in zoology; and the University of Virginia School of Education and Human Development, where she earned her master's degree. She is a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority and represented West Virginia as the 1972 Cherry Blossom Princess.

Early career
After earning her master's degree, Capito was a career counselor at West Virginia State University and director of the educational information center for the West Virginia Board of Regents.

Capito was elected to Kanawha County's seat in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1996, and served two terms, from 1996 to 2000.

2000
When U.S. Representative Bob Wise ran for governor in 2000, Capito ran as a Republican for the open seat in West Virginia's 2nd district. She defeated the Democratic nominee, lawyer Jim Humphreys, by two percentage points. She was the first Republican to represent West Virginia in Congress since 1983, as well as the first woman elected to Congress from West Virginia who was not the widow of a member of Congress.

2002
Capito was reelected, defeating Humphreys again, 60%–40%.

2004
Capito was reelected to a third term, defeating former newscaster Erik Wells 57%–41%.

2006

Capito was mentioned as a possible challenger to Senator Robert Byrd in 2006, but opted to run for reelection to the House. She was reelected to a fourth term, defeating West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection Secretary Mike Callaghan, 57%–43%.

2008
Capito was reelected to a fifth term, defeating Anne Barth, a former aide to Byrd, 57%–43%.

2010
Capito was mentioned as a possible challenger to Joe Manchin for the vacated United States Senate seat of the late Robert Byrd. She decided against a Senate bid, and was reelected to a sixth term, defeating Virginia Lynch Graf, 68%–30%.

2012
After redistricting, Capito was challenged in the Republican primary. She defeated Delegate Jonathan Miller and Michael Davis. She was reelected to a seventh term, defeating former gubernatorial aide Howard Swint, 70%–30%.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Financial Services
 * Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit (chair)
 * Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity
 * Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 * Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
 * Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials
 * Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment

Caucus memberships

Capito is a former chair of the Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues and a member of the Congressional Arts Caucus and the Afterschool Caucuses. After the Upper Big Branch Mine Disaster, Capito founded the Congressional Coal Caucus.

Tenure
Capito served on the House Page Board during the Mark Foley congressional page incident, in which Foley, a Republican representative from Florida, sent sexually explicit messages to teenage boys who had previously served as congressional pages. According to Capito, she wasn't aware of Foley's conduct until informed by the press.

2014
On November 26, 2012, Capito announced her candidacy for the United States Senate in 2014, intending to challenge Democratic incumbent Jay Rockefeller, who subsequently announced his retirement. Despite initial protests from Tea Party groups and anti-establishment conservatives that her House voting record was "too liberal", Capito won 87% of the Republican primary vote, and defeated Democratic Secretary of State Natalie Tennant in the general election, 62% to 34%.

2020
In her 2020 reelection campaign, Capito easily defeated Republican primary challengers Allen Whitt and Larry Butcher, before facing Democratic nominee Paula Jean Swearengin in the general election. Swearengin, a progressive activist whose 2018 U.S. Senate campaign was featured in the Netflix documentary Knock Down the House, defeated state senator Richard Ojeda and former South Charleston mayor Richie Robb in the Democratic primary race.

In the November general election, Capito defeated Swearengin with over 70% of the vote.

Tenure

On January 5, 2016, Mitch McConnell appointed Capito as counsel to the majority leader, along with Rob Portman and Deb Fischer.

=== Committee assignments ===
 * Committee on Appropriations
 * Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
 * Subcommittee on Defense
 * Subcommittee on Homeland Security (Ranking)
 * Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
 * Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
 * Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
 * Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
 * Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband
 * Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
 * Committee on Environment and Public Works (Ranking)
 * As ranking member of the whole committee, Moore Capito serves as an ex officio member on all the subcommittees.
 * Committee on Rules and Administration

Caucus memberships

 * Republican Main Street Partnership

Political positions
Capito has voted with her party 96% of the time. She is considered relatively moderate and has crossed the aisle on some votes. In 2017, The New York Times and The Washington Post reported that Capito was one of the three most moderate Republican senators according to a study by DW-NOMINATE. In June 2019, The Lugar Center and McCourt School of Public Policy ranked Capito the seventh most bipartisan member of Congress based on her tenure in the House and Senate. According to FiveThirtyEight, as of January 2023, Capito had voted with President Biden's position about 56% of the time.

Donald Trump's candidacy and presidency
In 2016, Capito raised concerns about Trump's tone and rhetoric during his presidential campaign. After the Access Hollywood tape emerged, Capito said he should "reexamine his candidacy". But she later said she supported Trump for president. In 2020, Capito said she would be "impartial" and "fair" to both sides during Trump's Senate trial after his second impeachment, and voted to acquit him. According to FiveThirtyEight, she had voted with the Trump administration's position 94.9% of the time.

As of November 19, 2020, Capito had not publicly acknowledged that Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election, though it had been called by all major media and analysts. By November 23, she issued a statement recognizing that Biden would be the next president. By December 5, she was among only 27 congressional Republicans to acknowledge Biden as the winner of the election. Trump subsequently attacked them, calling them RINOs.

On May 28, 2021, Capito voted against creating the January 6 commission. Asked about Trump's future role in the Republican Party, she said she partially blamed him for the "insurrection" and did not think he would be the Republican nominee for president in 2024. Trump secured the nomination in March 2024, and Capito has endorsed him.

Social policy
Capito is a sponsor of the Gender Advancement in Pay (GAP) Act, saying, "it should be common sense that women and men get equal pay for equal work" and expressing concern about sex discrimination against women in the workplace. She is a sponsor of the Rural Access to Hospice Act to improve the quality, access, and retention of hospice facilities in rural parts of the nation. She opposes the Freedom to Vote Act which, among other reforms, would establish Election Day as a public holiday and "ensure states have early voting for federal elections, overhaul how congressional districts are redrawn and impose new disclosures on donations to outside groups active in political campaigns." On social policy, the National Journal gave Capito a score of 54% conservative and 43% liberal.

LGBT rights
Capito has a mixed record on LGBT issues. The Human Rights Campaign gave her a score of 30% in the 113th Congress and 64% in the 114th Congress. She received a 0% score in the 115th Congress and a 10% in the 116th Congress.

In 2004 and 2006, Capito voted for the Federal Marriage Amendment, which intended to ban same-sex marriage in the United States. But in 2015, she said she believed marriage was a state issue. In 2007 Capito voted against the Employment Non-Discrimination Act and against repealing the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy.

In 2009, Capito voted for the 2009-2010 Defense Appropriations bill, which expanded the legal definition of a hate crime to include crimes committed because of someone's gender identity. Also that year, she voted against legislation that defined hate crimes as including those committed because of someone's sexual orientation. In 2013, she voted to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act, which includes provisions to assist victims regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity and prohibits funding programs that discriminate.

In 2015, Capito voted for an amendment to the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act that provided support and protections for LGBT youth. In 2015, she voted to give same-sex married couples access to Social Security and veterans' benefits. In 2017, Capito disagreed with President Trump's use of Twitter to announce a ban on transgender troops in the military, saying, "we should be thankful for any American who selflessly serves our country to defend our freedoms." In 2021, she released a statement that she opposed the inclusion of trans youth in the sporting programs of their gender identity; in particular, she opposed the inclusion of trans girls in girls' sporting teams and introduced legislation to ban trans girls from participating.

In response to the Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which found a constitutional right to same-sex marriage, Capito said, "While I would have preferred that the Supreme Court leave this decision to the states, it is my hope that all West Virginians will move forward and continue to care for and respect one another." In November 2022, Capito was one of 12 Republicans voting to advance legislation, the Respect for Marriage Act, to codify same-sex marriage into federal law; referring to civil same-sex marriage as a "civil partnership," Capito said that the "legislation will allow those who have entered into a civil partnership since the Supreme Court’s 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, to continue to have their partnerships respected for federal benefit purposes." She voted for the final passage of the Respect for Marriage Act on November 29, 2022.

Abortion
Capito had described herself as "pro-choice," or pro-abortion rights, but has a mixed record on abortion. She had previously been among the few Republican senators who publicly supported Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision ruling abortion bans unconstitutional. But in 2020, she declared her support for March for Life, an anti-abortion movement, and in 2022, she reversed her position on Roe, saying she believes states should be free to ban abortion. She supports legal abortion in cases when the pregnant patient's health is at risk and said abortions should be rare. She has mixed ratings from anti-abortion organizations opposing abortion and abortion rights organizations advocating legal abortion. In 2002, her third-largest contributor was The WISH List, an abortion rights PAC. In 2000, she received support from Republicans for Choice. She has been endorsed by West Virginians for Life, an anti-abortion PAC, the WISH List, and by Republican Majority for Choice, an abortion rights PAC.

Capito voted against federal funding for abortion and for the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, but against banning family-planning funding in US aid. She previously opposed the Hyde Amendment, but now supports it. She supported federal funding for family planning in the House but voted to require parental consent for minors seeking an abortion. She opposed banning funds for mifepristone, the "abortion pill". She voted for spending bills funding Planned Parenthood and against a bill to defund it, but has also voted to defund Planned Parenthood. She is against bans on abortion after six weeks of pregnancy, but supports banning abortion after 20 weeks. She voted with her party in 2018 to ban federal funding for facilities that promote abortion. Capito supports other anti-abortion legislation supported by her party. In 2021, she signed a letter put forward by the Senate's anti-abortion caucus opposing the repeal of the Hyde Amendment and opposing legislation to liberalize current federal abortion laws.

In 2017, "West Virginians for Life, said [it] still supports Capito, despite the abortion rights self-identification and support for Roe v. Wade, because of Capito's steadfast voting record restricting abortions and defunding Planned Parenthood". In 2018, Capito said she was neutral on an initiative to ban abortion in West Virginia. She supported Trump's Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh; when asked about Roe, Capito said she does not think the court will overturn the ruling. "Fundamentally, it's been a precedent for a long time," she said. Capito also supported Trump's nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court. Barrett signed a letter calling for the end of Roe v. Wade, and supported a group that holds that life begins at fertilization. In 2020, Capito declined to sign an amicus brief asking the Supreme Court to reconsider Roe. Also in 2021, she was one of just three Senate Republicans (with Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski) to decline to sign amicus briefs in the Mississippi case that seeks to ban abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy. Asked about a 2022 draft Supreme Court opinion that would overturn Roe v. Wade, reportedly joined by Barrett, Kavanaugh, and Neil Gorsuch, all of whom Capito voted to confirm, she responded by criticizing the leak of the draft and said, "this is a draft opinion that is not binding Supreme Court precedent. Roe still remains the law of the land until the Supreme Court issues its final ruling." After the Supreme Court overturned Roe in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, Capito said she supported the court's decision and believed the issue should be decided at the state level. In September 2022, Capito said she was opposed to a national 15-week abortion ban proposed by Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina.

Sexual assault
Capito is partnering with Democrats Kirsten Gillibrand, Patty Murray, Amy Klobuchar and other bipartisan members of Congress to update the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995. In August 2018, She and Senator Joe Manchin announced $899,927 for the West Virginia Foundation for Rape Information and Services through the U.S. Department of Justice's Office on Violence Against Women.

Embryonic stem-cell research
Capito supports embryonic stem cell research. In 2001, Capito voted for a bill to ban the cloning of human embryos. In May 2005, as a representative, Capito broke with her party, voting with a majority of Democrats, to repeal restrictions on embryonic stem-cell research funding. Capito also voted in 2006 to attempt to override President Bush's veto of the 2005 bill. Also in 2007, Capito again voted in favor of funding stem-cell research. She also voted in favor of research using stem cells derived from donated embryos. In 2009, Capito voted for a budget bill that prohibited the creation of human embryos for research.

Gun rights
Capito was endorsed by the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) and West Virginia Citizen's Defense League which both support gun owners' rights in 2014. In 2016, she voted in favor of alerting law enforcement when a person suspected of terrorism attempts to purchase a firearm and in favor of an amendment to improve the National Instant Background Check System, but she voted against two other gun control amendments. In 2018, Capito opposed President Trump's suggestion that teachers be armed, saying, "I don't think a teacher should carry a gun in a classroom." In January 2019, she was one of 31 Republican senators to cosponsor the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act, a bill introduced by John Cornyn and Ted Cruz that would grant individuals with concealed carry privileges in their home state the right to exercise this right in any other state with concealed carry laws while concurrently abiding by that state's laws. Capito said she was open to supporting red flag laws. As of 2020, the NRA has given her a rating of 92%, for supporting their positions, and Gun Owners of America gives her a 69% rating.

Healthcare
As a representative, Capito opposed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly called Obamacare or the Affordable Care Act). Since then, she had voted repeatedly to repeal the Affordable Care Act. In July 2017, Capito opposed repealing the ACA without a replacement proposal, and was one of three Republican senators, along with Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski, who blocked a bill to repeal the ACA without a replacement early in the attempted repeal process. Later that July, she voted to repeal the ACA.

Capito was one of a few Republicans who broke with their party in favor of the State Children's Health Insurance Program. In January 2009, she voted to expand the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) as part of its reauthorization. The expanded coverage would include about four million more children in the program. In May 2008, Capito voted for the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (commonly called the new G.I. Bill), which expanded the educational benefits for military veterans who have served since September 11, 2001. During the 112th Congress, she voted for H.R. 525 to expand the ACA grant programs. In 2014, she supported repealing the Affordable Care Act.

On March 3, 2017, Capito supported preserving the ACA's Medicaid expansion in any GOP bill to repeal it. With three other Republicans, she signed a letter opposing the House plan to repeal the ACA. She opposed the Better Care Reconciliation Act because of her opposition to an amendment to the bill as well as over opioid issues. She was one of seven Republicans who voted against repealing the ACA without a replacement.

In 2018, Capito voted for the bipartisan Opioid Crisis Response Act to address the nation's opioid crisis. She also voted to increase Telemedicine funding in five West Virginia counties.

In January 2019, Capito cosponsored the Community Health Investment, Modernization, and Excellence (CHIME) Act, a bipartisan bill that would continue federal funding of community health centers and the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) beyond that year's September 30 deadline for five years and provide both with yearly federal funding increases beginning in fiscal year 2020. In 2021, she announced support for increasing funding for virtual healthcare options, and she co-sponsored bipartisan legislation to expand seniors' access to Telehealth, with "virtual [healthcare] visits." She supports extending Medicare to cover therapies to prevent diabetes.

In 2024, Capito led a bill to create an advisory council to support research, care, and services to find a cure for Parkinson’s disease.

Immigration
Capito has said that she does not support a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, but voted against a 2004 bill that would have forced hospitals to report undocumented immigrants; she also voted for a 2001 bill to allow some immigrants to "remain in the country while pursuing residency". In 2010, she voted against the DREAM Act. In 2018, Capito said of DACA and immigration, "It's probably going to be some sort of legal status for DACA recipients that gives them the permanence of legal status and then the border security". Of her views on DACA, Capito's office said that she "could support an immigration solution that provides for increased border security to protect Americans and provides relief for those in the DACA program. She is encouraged by ongoing negotiations between the Trump Administration and members of Congress to improve immigration policy and add resources for enforcement."

In 2018, Capito voted to withhold federal funding from sanctuary cities, voted against the McCain-Coons proposal to offer a pathway to citizenship without funding for a border wall, against Senator Collins's bipartisan bill to increase funding for border security and offer a pathway to citizenship, and in favor of Trump's proposal to offer a pathway to citizenship for 1.8 million undocumented immigrants while reducing legal immigration numbers and using federal funds to build a border wall. In December 2018, Capito supported a bipartisan compromise funding bill that would have allocated $1.6 billion, instead of the $5 billion Trump requested, for a border wall to avoid a government shutdown.

Capito voiced disagreement with Trump's "zero-tolerance" policy that included separating children from their parents or guardians. She said, "we need to keep the families together". In 2019, she supported legislation to increase funding and humanitarian aid for "relief and comfort for migrants" on the US southern border. She also voted in committee for a bipartisan plan with $4.6 billion in funding with "$2.9 billion for the care of migrant children and $1.3 billion to improve facilities at the border".

Special interest groups for and against immigration reform have given Capito mixed ratings. NumbersUSA, which opposes illegal immigration and seeks to reduce legal immigration, gave her an 81% score and the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which also opposes illegal immigration and wants to reduce legal immigration, gave her an 88% score; conversely, the Hispanic Federation and UnidosUS, which both support immigration, gave Capito a 59% rating.

Drug policy
Capito disagreed with U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions's 2018 memo on marijuana-related prosecutions, saying, "I'm going to go on the record as saying I'm against recreational marijuana, but I respect the states' rights to make that decision". She also said that she had concerns, but accepted and supported the legalization of medical marijuana. She received a 42% rating from the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, which supports the decriminalization of marijuana.

Environmental policy
Capito has received at lifetime rating of 17% from the League of Conservation Voters, indicating an anti-environment voting record. In 2018, she voted for a bill that would curtail the federal government's ability to regulate fracking. She has also voted to restrict the Department of the Interior's ability to regulate methane emissions.

In February 2019, in response to reports of the EPA intending to decide against setting drinking water limits for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as part of an upcoming national strategy to manage the aforementioned class of chemicals, Capito was one of 20 senators to sign a letter to Acting EPA Administrator Andrew R. Wheeler calling on the EPA "to develop enforceable federal drinking water standards for PFOA and PFOS, as well as institute immediate actions to protect the public from contamination from additional per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)." In 2020, she cosponsored legislation with fellow West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin to "enhance a tax credit that Congress expanded in 2018 to spur investment in carbon capture technology."

Foreign policy
Capito has sponsored approximately 40 bills about international trade and international finance, the most of any other legislative topic during her career. She criticized the vulnerabilities in national security policy in the wake of the 2015 San Bernardino attack and has sponsored eight bills on the military and national security. Capito was one of 47 Republican senators to sign Senator Tom Cotton's open letter to the Iranian government in 2015. The letter, which sought to dissuade Iran from reaching an agreement with President Barack Obama on nuclear peace, was described by the White House as "undercutting foreign policy".

In April 2017, Capito co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S. 720), which would make it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.

On foreign policy, the National Journal gave her a score of 77% conservative and 15% liberal.

International trade
In 2005, Capito voted against the Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), the major trade agreement negotiated under President George W. Bush. In 2003, 2004, and 2007, she voted to approve free trade agreements with Chile, Singapore, Australia, and Peru. She supports tariffs against countries that manipulate currencies, and she sponsored a bill that would create an import fee on countries with an undervalued currency.

Interior policy
Capito supports the Republican Main Street Partnership's motion to elevate the EPA to be a Cabinet-level department, which would bring more oversight to the entity.

Capito opposes legislation aimed at capping greenhouse gas emissions. In January 2010, she reportedly asked the president if he would reconsider "job-killing" policies like limiting greenhouse gases. In March 2011, Capito and other members of West Virginia's House delegation co-sponsored a campaign to allow the remains of the last American living veteran of World War I, Frank Buckles, to lie in state at the Capitol rotunda. The move, requested by Buckles's family, had been blocked by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner. Reid and Boehner supported a special ceremony at the Arlington National Cemetery. Capito said, "This is a matter close to the hearts of many West Virginians, but everyone can appreciate the desire to come together one last time to respect and remember America’s last doughboy". The campaign was unsuccessful and Buckles lay in honor at the Arlington National Cemetery.

Capito supported Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement. She called the decision "the right decision for the American economy and workers in West Virginia and across the country." She supports regulations implemented by the EPA, based on her bipartisan legislation, to increase clean water standards.

In March 2023, Capito introduced the Accelerating Deployment of Versatile, Advanced Nuclear for Clean Energy (ADVANCE) Act of 2023 in support of generation IV reactor technology and nuclear development in general. The ADVANCE Act was incorporated into the Fire Grants and Safety Act and signed into law in July 2024.

Fiscal policy
In 2016, the fiscally conservative PAC the Club for Growth gave her a 50% lifetime rating. In 2011, while in the House, Capito voted for a Balanced Budget Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 2020, she said she opposed cuts to government spending, but also opposed any increases.

In December 2010, Capito voted to extend the tax cuts enacted during the administration of President George W. Bush.

Capito supports a federal prohibition on online poker. In 2006, she cosponsored H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition and Enforcement Act. She also supported H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act. In June 2003, Capito introduced the Family Fairness in Taxing Act of 2003, which would accelerate the increase to the child tax credit, increase the qualification age for children, and revise refundability criteria for the credit.

In 2001, Capito voted in favor of the Bush tax cuts. In 2002, she supported partially privatizing Social Security but opposed complete privatization. In 2006, Capito joined Democrats to vote for an increase of the minimum wage. In 2012, during her campaign for the Senate, the Senate Conservative Fund opposed her nomination because "her spending record in the House is too liberal". In 2013, she voted against cutting funding for food stamps. In 2017, Capito opposed President Trump's proposed budget, saying that it would cut "too close to the bone". In 2017, she said she supported full repeal of the inheritance tax. She also voted in favor of Trump's tax cut bill. In 2019, she came out against budget cuts proposed by the Trump administration. Capito was among a few Republicans, including Joni Ernst of Iowa and Susan Collins of Maine, to express criticism of Trump's nominee to the Federal Reserve, Stephen Moore, because of comments he had made about women; he ultimately withdrew the nomination. In 2019, Capito announced support for paid family leave. In 2020, she opposed budget cuts due to the "spending needs" of states like West Virginia. On September 30, 2021, she was among 15 Senate Republicans to vote with all Democrats and both Independents for a temporary spending bill to avoid a government shutdown. On October 7, 2021, she was one of 11 Republicans voting with all members of the Democratic caucus to end a filibuster on raising the debt ceiling, but voted against the bill to raise the debt ceiling. On August 10, 2021, Capito was one of 19 Senate Republicans to vote with the Democratic caucus in favor of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. On economic issues, the National Journal gave her a rating of 53% conservative and 47% liberal.

Judiciary
Capito opposed having a hearing for President Obama's nominee, Merrick Garland, to the Supreme Court due to the nomination's proximity to the 2016 presidential election. In 2017, she voted to confirm President Trump's first Supreme Court nominee, Neil Gorsuch. After Trump nominated a second justice, Capito announced her support for the nominee, Brett Kavanaugh, and after he was accused of sexual assault, she continued to support his nomination. But she also said she considered the allegation serious and was among a handful of Republican senators to ask for a vote to be delayed in order to hear from the accuser and from Kavanaugh. Some of her fellow alumnae from the Holton-Arms School personally delivered her a letter signed by more than a thousand alumnae of the school, saying that they believe Kavanaugh's accuser because her allegations are "all too consistent with stories we heard and lived" while attending Holton-Arms.

In March 2019, Capito was one of 12 senators to cosponsor a resolution that would impose a constitutional amendment limiting the Supreme Court to nine justices. The resolution was introduced after multiple Democratic presidential candidates expressed openness to the idea of expanding the seats on the Supreme Court.

In September 2020, less than two months before the next presidential election, Capito supported an immediate vote on Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death. In March 2016, she took the opposite position when facing Obama's nominee, saying that a justice should not be considered during a presidential election year because "West Virginians and the American people should have the ability to weigh in at the ballot box". As of November 2021, Capito had a mixed voting record on Biden's judicial nominees.

Vice presidential speculation
Capito was considered a possible contender for vice president on the Republican ticket with Donald Trump in 2016, and in May 2016 she was one of several senators to meet with Trump in Washington, D.C. In the end, Trump picked Indiana Governor and former U.S. Representative Mike Pence to join him on the Republican ticket.

Personal life
Capito is married to Charles L. Capito, and they have three children: sons Charles and Moore, and daughter Shelley. Her father served over two years in prison on corruption charges. Her sister, Lucy Moore Durbin, was arrested in 1992 along with her husband for selling cocaine to an undercover officer. Capito and the Moore Capito family are members of First Presbyterian Church in Charleston, West Virginia, a congregation of the Presbyterian Church (USA).

In September 2015, Runner's World featured Capito in its "I'm a Runner" vlog, where she states she has been a distance runner for over 30 years.

title: Shelley Moore Capito


text:
Hong Kong Heritage Museum

Hong Kong Heritage Museum is a public museum of history, art and culture in Sha Tin, Hong Kong, located beside the Shing Mun River. The museum opened on 16 December 2000. It is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The six permanent exhibits and the original temporary exhibits were designed by design firm Reich+Petch along with Lord Cultural Resources.

The museum building is the largest in Hong Kong, and can accommodate up to 6,000 visitors.

Features
The Museum has been designed to provide comprehensive exhibitions on history, art and culture. The Museum has a number of interactive exhibitions and programmes. It also houses a cafe and museum shop.

There are six permanent exhibition galleries for the display of the museum's collections and six thematic galleries for temporary exhibitions. Permanent galleries include:
 * New Territories Heritage Hall (closed in June 2016)
 * Children's Discovery Gallery
 * Cantonese Opera Heritage Hall
 * T.T.Tsui Gallery of Chinese Art, displaying artifacts from the former Tsui Museum of Art
 * Chao Shao-an Gallery
 * Jin Yong Gallery Gallery (opened on 1 March 2017)

Other than galleries, the museum has a 350-seat theatre for various performing arts and talks, including regular Cantonese opera performance. The museum possesses over 30,000 items related to Cantonese opera, which is a designated intangible cultural heritage of Hong Kong and the region.

Branch museums
The museum runs three branch museums:
 * Hong Kong Railway Museum (Tai Po Market, Tai Po District)
 * Sam Tung Uk Museum (in a former Hakka walled village, Tsuen Wan, Tsuen Wan District)
 * Sheung Yiu Folk Museum (in a former Hakka village, Sheung Yiu, Sai Kung District)

Transport
The museum is served by numerous bus lines. It is also within walking distance of several MTR railway stations:
 * East Rail line: 15-minute walk from either Tai Wai or Sha Tin station
 * Tuen Ma line: 5-minute walk across the river from Che Kung Temple station

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hong Kong Heritage Museum


text:
Artabanus of Persia

Artabanus of Persia (or Artabanus the Hyrcanian; Ἀρτάβανος) was a Persian political figure during the Achaemenid dynasty who was reportedly Regent of Persia for a few months (465 BC – 464 BC).

Artabanus probably originated from the province of Hyrcania and reportedly served as the chief official of Xerxes I. He is considered to have served either as his vizier or as his head bodyguard.

According to Aristotle, Artabanus was responsible for the death of Crown Prince Darius. He then became afraid that Xerxes would seek revenge and proceeded to assassinate the King. On the other hand, Junianus Justinus reported that Artabanus had personal ambitions for the throne. He first secretly murdered Xerxes and then accused Darius of parricide, resulting in his execution. The order of events remains uncertain but the deaths of Xerxes and Darius did leave the throne vacant.

Artabanus' course of action is also uncertain. Some accounts have him usurping the throne for himself. Others consider him to have named young Artaxerxes I as King and to have acted as Regent and power behind the throne. This state of affairs would not last more than a few months. Artaxerxes reportedly slew him with his own sword, either in battle or by surprise. Artabanus is occasionally listed among the Kings of the Achaemenid dynasty though he was not related to them.

Classical sources

 * Aristotle, Politics 5.131Ib
 * Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 11.69
 * Justin, Epitome of Philipic Histories of Pompeius Trogus III 1
 * Photius, Epitome of Persica of Ctesias 20
 * Plutarch, Life of Themistocles 27

title: Artabanus of Persia


text:
Bekonscot

Bekonscot Model Village and Railway is a model village built in the 1920s in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, UK at a scale of one inch to one foot. It portrays aspects of England mostly dating from the 1930s and contains several fictitious villages featuring replicas of notable local buildings. The model railway has almost 10 scale miles (400 m) of tracks and in 2001, a 7 1/4 in gauge railway was opened to transport visitors. Bekonscot has become both a popular tourist location and a part of English culture. It is commonly referred to as the oldest surviving model village in the UK and by 2020, had received over 14 million visitors. Authors such as Enid Blyton, Mary Norton and Will Self have been inspired by the village.

Creation
Bekonscot Model Village and Railway was created as a private miniature park in the 1920s by Roland Callingham and his gardener W. A. Berry. Callingham's wife had told him to take his model railway hobby outside their house, so he purchased four acres of land in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, and built an ideal English village with a church, railway and high street, illuminated by electric lights. Everything was constructed at a scale of one inch to one foot. The railway was 1200 ft long and had stations including a London terminus called Maryloo (referencing real stations Marylebone and Waterloo). It was designed by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke, who had also provided a train set made out of silver to the Maharaja of Gwalior. It was opened to the general public in 1929 and three years later it had become a popular tourist attraction. By 1933, it was opened to the public every Sunday between April and September with the railway running and every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday afternoon without the trains working. The entrance fee was donated to the Railway Benevolent Institution and the Queen's Institute of District Nursing.

History
In 1934, Bekonscot was visited by the young Elizabeth II on her eighth birthday. An article published in the National Geographic in 1937 praised the "flawless miniatures of wood and stone, metal, stucco, bright paint, and glass". Bekonscot, alongside Pendon Museum in Oxfordshire and Bourton-on-the-Water in Gloucestershire, inspired a trend for model villages in British seaside resort towns such as Babbacombe, Southport and Southsea. By the 1960s it was owned and run by the Bekonscot Model Railway and Charitable Association. It is commonly referred to as the oldest surviving model village in the UK, although the eccentric Charles Paget Wade constructed a village called Fladbury at his home Snowshill Manor in 1907, which has been restored by National Trust volunteers.

Bekonscot was updated with recent developments such as Concorde and office buildings until the 1990s, when it was returned to the 1930s. By 2020, it had incorporated a new town and added a replica of High and Over, a house designed by Amyas Connell in the nearby town of Amersham. The project is now composed of the fictitious villages of Bekonscot, Evenlode new town and colliery, Epwood, Greenhaily, Hanton, Southpool and Splashyng, which are linked together by the model railway. It features replicas of some notable local buildings and contains features such as an airport, a cable car, a cathedral, a castle, a cricket match, pubs, windmills and a zoo. The zoo is named Chessnade after Chessington World of Adventures and Whipsnade Zoo; shops are titled with punning names, such as the butcher Sam and Ella, the dressmaker Miss A. Stitch, the florist Dan D. Lyon and the greengrocer Chris P. Lettis.

The model railway now has almost 10 scale miles (400 m) of tracks, with twelve stations and over 3,000 shrubs and trees. Trains run on a 1 gauge track and are powered by electricity. Visitors walk through the model village and can also look down on it from different viewing spots. In 2001, the Bekonscot Light Railway (BLR) was opened as a 7 1/4 in gauge railway which moves visitors around the village. The entire project closes over winter; smaller models are taken indoors, whilst larger buildings and the railway are refurbished on site.

In popular culture

Bekonscot is the oldest participant in the International Association of Miniature Parks (IMAP). By 2020, Bekonscot had received over 14 million visitors and had become part of English culture. The village frequently appears on lists of recommended family days out. It represents an idealised version of traditional English villages and its brochure states it is a "little piece of history that is forever England". Enid Blyton was a Beaconsfield resident and friend of Callingham; she set her short story "The Enchanted Village" in Bekonscot. The Sunday Telegraph reported that Toyland, where her fictional character Noddy lives, was inspired by Bekonscot. In tribute to Blyton, a replica of her now demolished house Green Hedges was installed in 1997. Mary Norton was inspired by Bekonscot when she wrote The Borrowers Aloft and Will Self set his short story "Scale" in the model village. Bekonscot also features in the non-fiction book Dreamstreets: A Journey Through Britain's Village Utopias. Historian Tim Dunn grew up nearby and has written the official guidebook.

title: Bekonscot


text:
Talk:Bekonscot

Untitled
I believe that Bekonscot is run by the Church Army. Seeking confirmation before I put in the article. Phil 16:08, Dec 19, 2003 (UTC)

Most of the article information was submitted by Grant James Gibson, a current employee of Bekonscot Ltd.

Oldest Model Village in the World?
According to another article in Wikipedia, Tiny Town in Colorado was founded in 1921. In a linked article Timmy Dunn says that Bekonscot was founded sometimes around the mid 1920. So which is really the oldest model village? --Peter Walt A. (talk) 01:06, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, I've just found a couple of references to back up Bekonscots' claim, one of which is from the BBC, so fairly reliable. Talk Islander 01:18, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Bekonscot was built in various forms circa 1920 but only opened to the public in 1929. There were earlier model villages and indeed Tiny Town is a miniature town of a different kind. If clarification is needed then I can update the Bekonscot website to affirm these statements. Timmydunn (talk) 21:43, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Inspiration for Legoland Windsor
I find that a mighty peculiar assertion! Legoland Windsor is very obviously almost entirely taken from Legoland Billund, which has been around for years. It may be that orignal legoland was inspired by Bekonscot, but in the absence of any reference it's impossible to say. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wiki benguin (talk • contribs) 09:25, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

 * You will find the assertion in my book - Bekonscot Model Village - published by Jarrold 2004. This was a fact given to me by the model making team at Legoland Windsor who built Legoland and worked with my colleagues at Bekonscot to conceive Miniland in its UK form. Of course, Miniland UK was based mostly on the Billund concept but much development was done following analysis of Bekonscot and its features. I will update the article appropriately as it was not clear by the original writer. Timmydunn (talk) 21:40, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

 * OK... as it's your book, that'd be original research, unless you can provide a separate source to confirm this fact. Unfortunatly, another separate source really is needed here. Talk Islander 22:02, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

 * But that is ridiculous... There is only one published original work on model villages and miniature towns - and that is the only source. Dozens of other (offline) media have also used the quote from the book and interviews with me since - but that's to say that my quote was unreliable. So how far does one go back to prove a fact? Do I need to have another person make a published statement to the same end? I have no reason to make such a statement other than for completeness of fact and to complete the context in which this model village exists. I'm not sure how I can verify a single point of original research done through a historic interview, which has been verified by other sources before publication. (talk) 17:20, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

 * With regard to the quoted fact, it would be a simple matter for someone other than yourself to find your book and add the reference -- that wouldn't be Original Research! (If someone went to Windsor and asked at Legoland, that would be OR!)

 * Actually you should be more concerned about conflict of interest here, and hence probably should not be editing this article at all. However, if you have control of the Bekonscot website, there's nothing to stop you from expanding the history section there and letting other users reference it here (and I don't think there's a problem about you mentioning on the talk page that such facts are available, either... :-) )
 * EdJogg (talk) 18:12, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Legoland UK had formerly viewed and approved the aforementioned text which is published in the book. Therefore it has been verified by Legoland UK, now part of the Merlin Entertainment Group. (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 14:37, 11 December 2008 (UTC).

 * Do you have a reference or anything? Talk Islander 16:29, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes - the book as published by Jarrold. Talk timmydunn 11:03, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

Have removed section about the "Miners Lane" extension to the model railway, which was an edit made some time ago - have edited it to reflect the changing nature of the model railway!

Timmydunn (talk) 10:06, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bekonscot. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120103204741/http://citynoise.org/article/11240 to http://citynoise.org/article/11240

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:25, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bekonscot


text:
Leland

Leland may refer to:

United States

 * Leland, Illinois, a village
 * Leland, Iowa, a city
 * Leland, Michigan, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
 * Leland, Mississippi, a city
 * Leland, North Carolina, a town
 * Leland, Oregon, an unincorporated community
 * Leland, Utah, an unincorporated community
 * Leland, Washington, an unincorporated community
 * Leland, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Leland Township, Michigan
 * Leland River, Michigan
 * Leland Pond, New York
 * Mount Leland (Alaska), a mountain

Elsewhere

 * Leland, Norway, a village
 * Mount Leland, Victoria Land, Antarctica

Given name

 * Leland Austin (born 1986), American rapper under the stage name Yung L.A.
 * Leland Bardwell (1922–2016), Irish poet, novelist and playwright
 * Leland Chapman (born 1976), American bounty hunter on the reality television series Dog the Bounty Hunter
 * Leland Christensen (1959–2022), American politician
 * Leland D. Melvin (born 1964), American engineer and retired astronaut
 * Leland Irving (born 1988), Canadian ice hockey goaltender
 * Leland Orser (born 1960), American actor
 * Leland Palmer (actress) (born 1945), American actress, dancer, and singer
 * Leland Rayson (1921–2001), American lawyer and politician
 * Leland Sklar (born 1947), American bassist and session musician
 * Leland Stanford (1824–1893), American industrialist and politician, founder of Stanford University, Governor of California
 * Leland Stanford Jr. (1868–1884), namesake of Stanford University, only son of Leland Stanford
 * E. Leland Taylor (1885–1948), mayor of Louisville, Kentucky
 * Leland Wilkinson (1944–2021), American statistician and computer scientist
 * Leland Yee (born 1948), former State Senator of California and convicted criminal

Surname
Note: Leland is a traditional Irish surname.

 * Burton Leland (1948–2018), American social worker and businessman
 * Charles Godfrey Leland, American humorist and folklorist
 * David J. Leland, American politician from Ohio
 * David Leland (1941–2023), British director, screenwriter and actor
 * Evelyn Leland (1867–1931), American astronomer
 * Frank Leland, Negro league baseball team owner of the Leland Giants
 * Gabe Leland (born 1982), American politician
 * George W. Leland, American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
 * Hayne Leland, economist
 * Henry M. Leland, automotive pioneer and founder of Cadillac and Lincoln brands
 * John Leland (antiquary), English antiquary
 * John Leland (Baptist), United States Baptist minister
 * John Leland (journalist), reporter, columnist, and book author
 * John Leland (politician), English Member of Parliament for Stamford, 1796–1808
 * John Leland (Presbyterian), English Presbyterian minister
 * John E. Leland, American engineer and Director of the University of Dayton Research Institute
 * Mabel Johnson Leland (1871-1947), American lecturer, translator
 * Mickey Leland, United States Congressman from Texas
 * Sara Leland, American ballet dancer and répétiteur
 * Sherman Leland (1783–1853), President of the Massachusetts Senate
 * Simeon Leland, American businessman, hotelier
 * Thomas Leland, Irish historian
 * Waldo Leland, American historian and archivist

Stage name

 * Leland (musician) (real name Brett Leland McLaughlin; born 1991), American singer

Fictional characters

 * Joe Leland, protagonist in The Detective novel (1966) and movie adaptation (1968)
 * Lee Adama (Leland Joseph Adama), in the TV series Battlestar Galactica (2004)
 * Leland Gaunt, in the Stephen King book Needful Things
 * Leland Owlsley, a.k.a. Owl, a fictional Marvel Comics supervillain
 * Leland Palmer, in the TV series Twin Peaks
 * Leland Stottlemeyer, in the TV series Monk
 * Leland Turbo, in the movie Cars 2

Schools in the United States

 * Leland College, a former college for blacks in New Orleans, Louisiana, on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Leland High School (San Jose, California)
 * Leland High School (Leland, Illinois)
 * Leland High School (Leland, Mississippi)

Other uses

 * Leland Corporation, an arcade game manufacturer
 * Leland Hotel (disambiguation)
 * Leland Initiative

title: Leland


text:
Holten

Holten (Dutch Low Saxon: Hooltn) is a village in the municipality of Rijssen-Holten in the Dutch province of Overijssel. Holten is located in a forested area just south of the Holterberg, a 65 m hill, and is part of the Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park. The National Park is the only area in the Netherlands in which the black grouse (in Dutch: korhoen) can be found. This grouse population is on the brink of extinction, so parts of the National Park are closed to the public during its breeding season.

Holten Canadian War Cemetery
Holten Canadian War Cemetery is the second-largest World War II cemetery in the Netherlands and is administered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. It is located in a forested area 3 km north-east of Holten railroad station, and is accessible by car or bicycle via a number of sand roads. Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper visited the cemetery on May 4, 2015, in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of Victory in Europe Day.

Notable residents
Holten is the home village of Olympic 1500m speed skating gold medalist Mark Tuitert, jazz trombonist Wolter Wierbos, professional darts player Danny Jansen and film and documentary director and Academy Award winner Bert Haanstra.

Dialect
As well as Standard Dutch, local inhabitants speak a variety of Dutch Low Saxon, which is considered to be part of the Sallaands sub-dialect, with a few Tweants traits that are a natural result of the village's proximity to Twente. While in surrounding communities the use of dialect is relatively widespread, Holten has seen a decline over the past few decades.

title: Holten


text:
Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)

The Second Treaty of Brömsebro (or the Peace of Brömsebro) was signed on 13 August 1645, and ended the Torstenson War, a local conflict that began in 1643 (and was part of the larger Thirty Years' War) between Sweden and Denmark–Norway. Negotiations for the treaty began in February the same year.

Location
The eastern border between the then Danish province of Blekinge and the Swedish province of Småland was formed by the creek Brömsebäck. In this creek lies an islet that was connected to the Danish and Swedish riversides by bridges. On the islet was a stone that was supposed to mark the exact border between the two countries. By this stone, the delegates met to exchange greetings and, at the end of the negotiations, the signed documents. The Danish delegation stayed in Kristianopel while the Swedish side had their accommodation in Söderåkra.

Delegations
Sweden's highest ranking representative was Lord High Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna. He was accompanied by, among others, Johan Skytte, who died during the negotiations and was replaced by Ture Sparre.

Corfitz Ulfeldt and Chancellor Christen Thomesen Sehested were the chief negotiators of the Danish delegation.

The French diplomat Gaspard Coignet de la Thuillerie was head mediator and observers from the Hanseatic League, Portugal, Stralsund and Mecklenburg followed the negotiations.

Results
The military strength of Sweden ultimately forced Denmark–Norway to give in to Swedish demands.
 * Denmark–Norway ceded the Norwegian provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen as well as the Danish Baltic Sea islands of Gotland and Saaremaa (Ösel). The Norwegian regions Idre & Särna were conquered by Dalecarlian peasants at the suggestion of the Swedish government. The concession of this region was not formally recognised until 1751.
 * Christian IV son, Frederick II Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1634-1645) and of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635-1645), had to resign, with the two prince-bishoprics being occupied by the Swedes.
 * Sweden was exempted from the Sound Dues, a toll on foreign ships passing through Danish waters into the Baltic Sea, and Hamburg was exempted from the “Elbe dues”, a toll levied until then on ships to that city by the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.
 * Sweden received the Danish province of Halland for a period of 30 years as a guarantee of these provisions.

The treaty was to be followed by the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658, which forced Denmark–Norway to further concessions.

title: Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)


text:
Sing Tao News Corporation

Sing Tao News Corporation Limited (Sing Tao) is a Hong Kong media company, incorporated in Bermuda. It was formerly called Global China Group Holdings Limited.

History
The Group, which is listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, was founded in 1996, under the name Perfect Treasure Holdings Limited and would go on to acquire and take on the name of the much older Sing Tao newspaper.

Perfect Treasure was acquired by Charles Ho and renamed to Global China Technology Group Limited in mid-2000. The following January, Global China Technology Group acquired a 51.36% majority holding in Sing Tao Holdings from private equity fund Lazard Asia and Ho became executive chairman of both Global China Technology Group and Sing Tao Holdings. In 2002, Sing Tao Holdings was fully acquired by GCT.

The company was then renamed again, from Global China Technology Group to Global China Group Holdings Limited, on 4 October 2002. At this time its business interests included the distribution of Nikon cameras and the provision of broadband services, in China, along with the newly acquired Sing Tao media stable.

Sing Tao News Corporation
Ho had been honorary chairman of Sing Tao Holdings since September 1999, when it was acquired by Lazard Asia after struggling under founder-family member Sally Aw.

In mid-2002 the Sing Tao subsidiary, excluding Sing Tao Media Holdings, which held the Sing Tao newspaper, and Colony Hotel, was sold on to Ming Yuan Investment Group, a private company owned by Yao Yuan.

Sing Tao Holdings became known as Shanghai Mingyuan Holdings, from October 2002. Sing Tao Media Holdings was an intermediate company for newspaper and magazine business of the former Sing Tao Holdings group. In early 2002, Sing Tao Media acquired the Hong Kong magazines 'Teens' and 'East Touch', as founding titles in the magazine publishing division of the group.

The predecessors of Sing Tao Holdings as the parent company of Sing Tao group, was Sing Tao Limited (aka: Sing Tao Newspapers Limited and Sin Poh Amalgamated (H.K.) Limited). As of 2018, Sing Tao Limited still operated as a company and a subsidiary of Sing Tao News Corporation.

In 2003, Colony Hotel, which the company partially owned, was sold to the University of Toronto.

On 22 February 2005, Global China Group Holdings was renamed to Sing Tao News Corporation. In the same year Sing Tao sold the headquarters of its newspaper division in Kowloon Bay, Kowloon. The headquarters was later relocated to A Kung Ngam in Hong Kong Island. In 2017, the headquarters was relocated to Tseung Kwan O.

Charles Ho relinquishes control
In February 2021, Ho sold a 28 percent stake in Sing Tao News Corporation to Kwok Hiu-ting (Guo Xiaoting), vice chairwoman of mainland property management firm Kaisa Prosperity, for HK$370 million. Kwok, born 1994, who is the daughter of Kwok Ying-shing (郭英成), chairman of the mainland property firm, Kaisa Group, instantly became the majority shareholder, up from zero. Ho retained just three percent of the company.

Publications

 * newspapers
 * Sing Tao Daily
 * The Standard
 * Headline Daily
 * Bastille Post

 * magazines
 * East Week
 * East Touch
 * PC Market
 * Jet Magazine
 * Caz Buyer
 * Ohpama
 * Smart Choice Weekly

title: Sing Tao News Corporation


text:
Parnas

Parnas may refer to:

 * Parnas (surname)
 * Parnas fountain, a fountain in Brno, Czech Republic
 * Parnas (Saint Petersburg Metro), a metro station in St. Petersburg, Russia
 * People's Freedom Party (Russia) (PARNAS), an opposition political party in Russia
 * Parnas Tower, a skyscraper in South Korea
 * a synonym for gabbai or other synagogue functionary

title: Parnas


text:
Betty Crocker

Betty Crocker is a brand and fictional character used in advertising campaigns for food and recipes. The character was created by the Washburn-Crosby Company in 1921 to give a personalized response to consumer product questions. In 1954, General Mills introduced the red spoon logo with her signature, placing it on Gold Medal flour, Bisquick, and cake-mix packages. A portrait of Betty Crocker appears on printed advertisements, product packaging, and cookbooks.

The character was developed in 1921 following a unique Gold Medal Flour promotion featured in the Saturday Evening Post. The ad asked consumers to complete a jigsaw puzzle and mail it to the then Washburn-Crosby Company, later General Mills, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In return, they would receive a pincushion shaped like a bag of flour. Along with 30,000 completed puzzles came several hundred letters with cooking-related questions.

Realizing that especially housewives would want advice from a fellow woman, the company’s Advertising Department convinced its board of directors to create a personality that the women answering the letters could all use in their replies. The name Betty was selected because it was viewed as a cheery, all-American name. It was paired with the last name Crocker, in honor of William Crocker, a Washburn Crosby Company director.

The portrait of Betty Crocker was first commissioned in 1936. It has been updated seven times since her creation, reflecting changes in fashion and hairstyles.

Described as an American cultural icon, the image of Betty Crocker has endured several generations, adapting to changing social, political, and economic currents. Apart from advertising campaigns in printed, broadcast and digital media, she received several cultural references in film, literature, music and comics.

Creation
Betty Crocker was created in 1921 by Washburn-Crosby and advertising executive Bruce Barton. Crocker was based on a sous-chef from Franklin College — where Barton attended school — who made the delicious, if somewhat dry, baked goods for the cafeteria. Under Marjorie Husted's supervision, the image of Betty Crocker became the "Zeus" of General Mills. In 1928, Washburn Crosby merged with other milling companies to form General Mills.

In 1924, Crocker acquired a voice with the debut of "The Betty Crocker Cooking School of the Air" on one station in Minneapolis. It was the country's first radio cooking program. Blanche Ingersoll followed by Husted was selected to portray Betty Crocker. The show proved popular and eventually was carried nationally on NBC Radio, with Agnes White Tizard as Betty. Over the next three decades, the women would anonymously portray Betty Crocker on the air and at cooking schools.

In 1929, Betty Crocker coupons were introduced. Inserted in bags of flour, they could be used to reduce the cost of Oneida Limited flatware. By 1932, this scheme had become so popular that General Mills began to offer an entire set of flatware; the pattern was called "Friendship" (later renamed "Medality"). In 1937, the coupons were printed on the outside of packages, copy on which told purchasers to "save and redeem for huge savings on fine kitchen and home accessories in our catalog".

The character made its packaging debut in 1937, appearing on Softasilk cake flour. The name appeared in various Gold Medal products but its first brand name appearance came in 1941 on soup mixes.

Cookbooks
From 1930, General Mills issued softbound recipe books, including, in 1933, Betty Crocker's 101 Delicious Bisquick Creations, as Made and Served by Well-Known Gracious Hostesses, Famous Chefs, Distinguished Epicures and Smart Luminaries of Movieland.

The Betty Crocker Cook Book of All-Purpose Baking was published as an aid to wartime considerations in cooking.

In 1950, the first hardcover recipe cookbook was published, entitled Betty Crocker Picture Cookbook. It was written by nutritionist Agnes White Tizard.

In 2005, the 10th edition of the Betty Crocker cookbook was published, as well as a Spanish/English bilingual book that collects some of the more common recipes for Spanish-speaking readers looking to cook American-style food. An 11th edition, in ring-binder format, appeared in 2011. At least 17 other Betty Crocker recipe collections were also in print in 2015.

Media
Betty Crocker programs first appeared on radio on local stations in 1924. The first network Betty Crocker broadcast was on NBC in 1926. The show remained on network radio until 1953; most of the time the program was on NBC or CBS, but it was on ABC from 1947 to 1953.

Betty Crocker was portrayed by several actresses, including Marjorie Husted on radio for twenty years, and Adelaide Hawley Cumming on television between 1949 and 1964.

In 1949, the actress Adelaide Hawley Cumming became Betty Crocker for many years. She appeared for several years on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, and even had her TV show, Betty Crocker Star Matinee. She also appeared in the CBS network's first color commercial, in which she baked a "mystery fruit cake". Hawley continued to portray Betty Crocker until 1964.

A portrait of Betty Crocker was first commissioned in 1936, a "motherly image" that "blended the features of several Home Service Department members" that was painted by Neysa McMein. It subtly changed over the years, but always accommodated General Mills' cultural perception of the American homemaker — knowledgeable and caring. The 1996 portrait of Betty Crocker, according to General Mills, was partially inspired by a "computerized composite" of "75 women of diverse backgrounds and ages." These portraits were always painted, with no real person ever having posed as a model.

In 1945, Fortune magazine named Betty Crocker the second most popular woman in America; Eleanor Roosevelt was named first. In the same year, Fortune "outed" Betty Crocker as a fictitious creation, calling her a "fake" and a "fraud."

Legacy
The Minneapolis suburb of Golden Valley, Minnesota, where General Mills is headquartered, has a street named Betty Crocker Drive.

There are several Betty Crocker–branded products, including plastic food containers and measuring cups, and a line of small appliances such as popcorn poppers and sandwich makers.

In 2006, the Betty Crocker catalog operation went out of business with all of its inventory on sale. Points were redeemable until December 15, 2006. Afterward, unused points were available to be converted into discounts for a small period thereafter on a short-lived website.

Products

 * Bac-Os (discontinued in 2016)
 * Betty Crocker Brownie bar
 * Betty Crocker Cookbook
 * Betty Crocker baking mixes
 * Fruit Roll-Ups
 * Betty Crocker canned frosting
 * Bowl Appetit shelf-stable entrees
 * Betty Crocker Soda Licious (discontinued)
 * Cake and dessert decorating products
 * Dunk-a-roos
 * Fruit by the Foot
 * Fruit Gushers
 * Potato Buds instant mashed potatoes
 * "Shake and make" pancake mix
 * Warm Delights microwavable desserts

title: Betty Crocker


text:
Elmwood

Elmwood may refer to:

 * James Russell Lowell (1819–1891), who used it as a nom-de-plume

Canada

 * Elmwood, Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta
 * Elmwood (electoral district), provincial electoral district in Manitoba
 * Elmwood, Winnipeg, Manitoba
 * Elmwood—Transcona, federal electoral district in Manitoba
 * Elmwood, a community in West Grey, Ontario

United States
(sorted by state, then city/town)
 * Elmwood, Berkeley, California
 * Elmwood, Illinois
 * Elmwood Township, Peoria County, Illinois
 * Elmwood (Georgetown, Kentucky), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Scott County
 * Elmwood (Richmond, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Madison County
 * Elmwood (Springfield, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Washington County
 * Elmwood, Louisiana
 * Elmwood (Williamsport, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Washington County
 * Elmwood (Cambridge, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Middlesex County
 * Elmwood, Holyoke, Massachusetts, a neighborhood of Holyoke, Massachusetts
 * Elmwood Township, Leelanau County, Michigan in Leelanau County
 * Elmwood (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Chippewa County
 * Elmwood Township, Tuscola County, Michigan in Tuscola County
 * Elmwood Township, Clay County, Minnesota
 * Elmwood, Missouri
 * Elmwood, Nebraska
 * Elmwood (Lewis, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Granville County
 * Elmwood (Merry Hill, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Bertie County
 * Elmwood (Raleigh, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Wake County
 * Elmwood (Windsor, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Bertie County
 * Elmwood (Grafton, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Walsh County
 * Elmwood (Oyster Bay, New York), an historic house listed on the NRHP in Nassau County
 * Elmwood, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Elmwood, Oklahoma
 * Elmwood, Providence, Rhode Island, a neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island
 * Elmwood, Tennessee
 * Elmwood, Texas, an unincorporated community in Anderson County, Texas
 * Elmwood, West Virginia
 * Elmwood, Wisconsin
 * Elmwood (Murfreesboro, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Rutherford County
 * Elmwood (Dallas), Texas, a neighborhood
 * Elmwood (Culpeper, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Culpeper County
 * Elmwood (Loretto, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Essex County
 * Elmwood (Shepherdstown, West Virginia), a Federal style house listed on the NRHP in Jefferson County
 * Elmwood-on-the-Opequon, West Virginia
 * Elmwood (Union, West Virginia), an historic house listed on the NRHP in Monroe County

title: Elmwood


text:
Elmwood Park

Elmwood Park may refer to:
 * Elmwood Park, Edmonton, Canada
 * Elmwood Park, Illinois
 * Elmwood Park High School (Illinois)
 * Elmwood Park, New Jersey
 * Elmwood Park Public Schools
 * Elmwood Park (Omaha), a neighborhood in Omaha, Nebraska
 * Elmwood Park (Syracuse, New York)
 * Elmwood Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Elmwood Park Zoo, in Norristown, Pennsylvania
 * Elmwood Park, Columbia, South Carolina
 * Elmwood Park, Wisconsin

title: Elmwood Park


text: User talk:209.8.184.20

title: User talk:209.8.184.20


text:
Tony Martin (farmer)

Anthony Edward Martin (born 16 December 1944) is a farmer from Norfolk, England, who shot a burglar dead in his home in August 1999. There was some sympathy for Martin from people who enthusiastically supported the right to defend one's own home. However, prosecutors cast doubt on his evidence and pointed out that he did not have a valid firearms certificate. Martin was convicted of murder, later reduced to manslaughter on grounds of diminished responsibility and served three years in prison, having been denied parole.

Burglary and shooting
On 20 August 1999, Tony Martin, a 54-year-old bachelor, was living alone at his farmhouse, Bleak House, in Emneth Hungate, Norfolk. He claimed that he had been burgled a total of ten times, losing £6,000 worth of furniture, though police stated they were unsure if all of the incidents occurred. Martin also complained about police inaction over the burglaries and claimed that multiple items and furniture were stolen, including dinnerware and a grandfather clock. Martin had equipped himself with an illegally held pump-action Winchester Model 1300 12-gauge shotgun which he claimed to have found. Changes in legislation in 1988, resulting from the Hungerford massacre, had changed the licensing treatment of semiautomatic and pump-action shotguns with a magazine capacity of more than two to equate to that of a firearm, requiring a valid firearms certificate. Martin had his shotgun certificate revoked in 1994 after he found a man stealing apples in his orchard and shot a hole in the back of his vehicle.

On the evening of 20 August 1999, two burglars – 29-year-old Brendon Fearon and 16-year-old Fred Barras, both from Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire – broke into Martin's house. Shooting downwards in the dark with his shotgun loaded with birdshot, Martin shot three times towards the intruders (once when they were in the stairwell and twice more when they were trying to flee through the window of an adjacent ground floor room). Barras was hit in the back and both sustained gunshot injuries to their legs. Both escaped through the window, but Barras died at the scene. Martin claimed that he opened fire after being woken when the intruders smashed a window. The prosecution accused him of lying in wait for the burglars and opening fire without warning from close range, in retribution for previous break-ins at his home.

On 10 January 2000, Fearon and 33-year-old Darren Bark (who had acted as the getaway driver), also from Newark-on-Trent, admitted to conspiring to burgle Martin's farmhouse. Fearon was sentenced to three years in prison, and Bark to two and a half years (with an additional 12 months arising from previous offences). Fearon was released on 10 August 2001. Fred Barras, the dead youth, had already been convicted of a total of 29 offences by the time of his death at the age of 16, including seven convictions for theft and six for fraud. He had been sentenced to two months in a young offenders' institution for assaulting a police officer, theft and being drunk and disorderly. On the night he was killed, Barras had just been released on bail after being accused of stealing garden furniture. His grandmother, Mary Dolan, stated: "It's not fair that the farmer has got all the money and he is the one that took Fred away."

Murder trial
On 23 August 1999, Martin was charged with the murder of Barras, the attempted murder of Fearon, "wounding with intent to cause injury" to Fearon and "possessing a firearm with intent to endanger life". Martin did not hold a valid shotgun certificate, let alone the more restrictive firearms certificate he would have needed to possess the Winchester pump-action shotgun that held a maximum of five rounds.

English law at the time permitted a person to kill another in self-defence only if the person defending themself uses no more than "reasonable force"; it is the responsibility of the jury to determine whether or not an unreasonable amount of force was used. The jury at the trial were told that they had the option of returning a verdict of manslaughter rather than murder, if they thought that Martin "did not intend to kill or cause serious bodily harm". However, the jurors found Martin guilty of murder by a 10 to 2 majority.

Martin was sentenced to life imprisonment, with a recommended minimum term to serve of nine years, soon afterwards reduced to eight years by the Lord Chief Justice.

Appeal
An appeal by Martin against his convictions and sentence was first considered in October 2001 by three senior judges headed by Lord Woolf LCJ. Submissions by the defence that Martin had fired in his own defence were rejected by the appeal court. On this occasion, the defence also submitted evidence that Martin was diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder exacerbated by depression and that his paranoia was specifically directed at anyone intruding into his home; he was also diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. This submission was accepted by the Court of Appeal and, on the grounds of diminished responsibility, Martin's murder conviction was replaced by manslaughter carrying a five-year sentence, and his ten-year sentence for wounding Fearon was reduced to three years. These sentences were to run concurrently.

Parole applications and release
Martin was imprisoned at Highpoint Prison at Stradishall in Suffolk following his conviction. When he became eligible for parole and early release in January 2003, the parole board rejected his application without stating a reason. In an interview with The Times, parole board chairman Sir David Hatch described Martin as "a very dangerous man" who might still believe his action had been right.

Martin challenged the decision in the High Court, where the parole board's decision was upheld. Probation officers on Martin's cases said there was an "unacceptable risk" that Martin might again react with excessive force if other would-be burglars intruded on his Norfolk farm. On 28 July 2003, Martin was released after serving three years of his five-year sentence, the maximum period for which he could be held following good behaviour.

Compensation claim
During 2003, Fearon applied for, and received, an estimated £5,000 of legal aid to sue Martin for loss of earnings due to the injuries he had sustained. However, the case was thrown into doubt when photographs were published in The Sun, showing him "cycling and climbing with little apparent difficulty" suggesting that Fearon's injuries were not as serious as had been claimed. While the case was pending, Fearon was recalled to jail after being charged with the theft of a vehicle while on probation following a conviction for dealing heroin. Fearon later dropped the case when Martin agreed to drop a counterclaim.

Nick Makin, Martin's solicitor, said: "It is appalling that the family of someone who has a criminal record for burglary and assault should attempt to claim any damages of criminal injury when he was shot while burgling the dwelling of an innocent person... It is also appalling that they may get legal aid while his victim is in prison and patently unable to work and equally cannot get legal aid... There is something wrong and perverse with our legal system that it permits this."

Threats, interviews, and political activity
The BBC reported in 2003 that Fearon's supporters put a bounty on Martin's head of several tens of thousands of pounds. In July 2003, The Daily Telegraph reported that a cousin of Barras had said that a £60,000 bounty had been put on Martin's head.

In October 2003, the Daily Mirror paid Martin £125,000 for an exclusive interview on his release from prison. After investigation, the Press Complaints Commission ruled that the payment was justified and in the public interest because Martin "had a unique insight into an issue of great public concern".

Following his release, Martin went on to appear on the platform of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and was the guest-of-honour at the Traditional Britain Group's Annual Dinner at Simpson's-in-the-Strand in London on 7 November 2003. Martin said himself that he had attended meetings of the National Front in Norfolk, and later went on to endorse the British National Party. One of Martin's uncles by marriage, Andrew Fountaine, was a founding member of the National Front.

Books and TV

 * Martin, T. (with John McVicar – editor) (2004), A Right to Kill? : Tony Martin's Story, Artnik, ISBN 1-903906-36-9, ISBN 978-1-903906-36-1.
 * Saunders, J. (2001), Tony Martin and the Bleak House Tragedy, True Crime Library/Forum Press, ISBN 1-874358-37-0, ISBN 978-1-874358-37-4.
 * Turney, B. (2005), Wanted, Waterside Press, ISBN 1-904380-13-1, ISBN 978-1-90653-464-6.
 * The Interrogation of Tony Martin TV movie based partly on transcripts of police interviews of Martin. Directed by Dave Nath. Martin played by Steve Pemberton. Shown on UK November 2018

title: Tony Martin (farmer)


text:
User:Wandering perfect fool

& wandering perfect fool is one of the Japanese. It's a fool like its name. It can spell English little and speak less. But it can read English without facility.

To make communication (also to indicate mis-spellings, mis-grammars, etc.) to it, you should write to Japanese Talk-page if you can. At English Talk-page, it will be pleased you to write along with romanized Japanese (if you know).

(Please execuse poor english in this page...)

title: User:Wandering perfect fool


text:
Steenwijk

Steenwijk (Low German: Steenwiek, Stienwiek English: Stenwick) is a city in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Steenwijkerland. It is the largest town of the municipality.

Steenwijk received city rights in 1327. In the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) it was conquered by the Spaniards in 1581, but regained by the Dutch in 1592.

Steenwijk was a separate municipality until 2001, when it merged with Brederwiede and IJsselham. The new municipality was first named "Steenwijk", but was renamed in 2003 to "Steenwijkerland".

Transport
Steenwijk railway station is located on the Arnhem–Leeuwarden railway, with train services operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

title: Steenwijk


text:
Franklinville

Franklinville is the name of several places in the United States of America:

 * Franklinville, Georgia
 * Franklinville, New Jersey
 * Franklinville (town), New York
 * Franklinville (village), New York
 * Franklinville, North Carolina
 * Franklinville, Philadelphia, a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

title: Franklinville


text:
Talk:Borrow pit

Definition
A Wiktionery definition, unless it can be described under a broader heading?Wetman 16:31, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

comment
I made a crack at fleshing it out a bit, but it definately feels like a definition to me. -Elliott Shultz 17:39, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

"Literal" definition
I removed the following text:

 * The term is literal — meaning a pit from where material was borrowed, although without an implication of someday returning the material.

ion?n?==

Same as a barrow pit?
I've heard it called a bar pit, borrow pit, bar ditch, or some other combination of things. Does bar ditch only refer to ones created for drainage purposes perhaps? I have no idea, but thought I'd ask. biggins (talk) 20:41, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Borrow pit


text:
Talk:Bedfordshire

Untitled
Luton is still in Bedfordshire, and Milton Keynes is still in Buckinghamshire – unitary local authorities are complementary to the system of counties, they do not replace them entirely. M-Henry 16:33, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Please see http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1995/Uksi_19951776_en_2.htm, which contains the magic words "Luton shall cease to form part of Bedfordshire", and "A new county shall be constituted comprising the area of Luton and shall be named the county of Luton." Morwen 12:36, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, but see the schedule to the Lieutenancies Act 1997, where we read "County for the purposes of this Act – Bedfordshire: Local government areas – Bedfordshire and Luton".--Keith Edkins 11:20, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * A lot of people seem to be confused by this, and insist that this county or that county was abolished, that a county boundary was moved, etc. In fact there has never been any official decree that any traditional county boundary has changed.  The Local Government Act 1972 redefined ONLY administrative boundaries for the purposes of local government administration.  It in no way sought to change actual county boundaries, and this has been confirmed by government statements to that effect on several occasions.  So regardless of what local government changes have taken place over the years, Luton is still in Bedfordshire, the largest part of Slough is still in Buckinghamshire, Bournemouth is still in Hampshire, and so on.  87.115.207.212 (talk) 08:53, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

Wiwaxia, AFAIK Studham Common is just the common land to the south east of Studham not a village.

County motto
I think there are two county mottos, but I'm not sure of the best way to phrase the distinction. There's the motto "Constant Be" (taken from Pilgrim's Progress, written when Bunyan was imprisoned in the county), and the one the council actually uses, "A Progressive County". (The two are amusingly contradictory, however.) Marnanel 20:23, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * It is probably unwise to conflate 'motto' and 'branding'/slogan. The motto is what the coat of arms bears, surely?. Icundell 14:09, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Gonna say. The motto (as shown in the page image of the county arms) is indeed Constant Be. The "slogan" is currently A Progressive County, but it used to be A Nuclear Free Zone. This really comes down to the definitions of "Motto" and "Slogan". A quick glance at Slogan shows that Constant Be isn't one of those. Since a "motto" is defined as a heraldic device elsewhere on Wikip and the phrase Constant Be appears on the county's heraldry in the Bedfordshire entry itself, I'm deleting the citation needed flag. No-brainer? Not arf. Garrick92 12:56, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

etymology
Bedanfordscir surely means more than Beda's ford. Isn't that the origin of Bedford?

Fair use rationale for Image:EH icon.png
Image:EH icon.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 05:15, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Dealt with, files replaced with [[Image:EH icon.svg]] (.svg file)--Starrycupz (talk) 02:10, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

pronunciation
This is shown as being rhotic yet neither RP nor the county's dialects are rhotic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.159.42.241 (talk) 18:53, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Announcement: The 2009 Structural Changes in Local Government in England: A Taskforce

 * 1) On 1 April, 2009, a number of changes will occur that will affect a number of counties and districts in England, including some which fall within the remit of your project and/or county.
 * 2) The changes will necessitate a large number of changes to various articles on wikipedia.
 * 3) New articles may have to be written, old ones may have to be changed because they will then describe abolished former districts, etc, and numerous changes will have to be made to templates, category names, and articles about individual settlements to update information about local government.
 * 4) Because of this the Uk Geography Project has set up a specific taskforce to identify the changes to be made and then to coordinate the work of preparing for the changes and then implementing them when the changes occur on 1 April.
 * 5) The name of the taskforce is WikiProject UK geography/2009 local government structural changes task force or WP:2009ENGLAND.
 * 6) You are invited to join this taskforce to help us all improve wikipedia in these areas by making sure the information is kept updated, and accurate.

Many thanks. DDStretch   (talk)  21:47, 15 January 2009 (UTC) (on behalf of the taskforce)

County flag and motto
Since 2009, Bedfordshire County Council no longer exists. Therefore should the flag and motto still be on this page? The flag (I believe) is the flag of Bedfordshire County Council, as is the motto. It seems a shame to lose the flag at least, but do they officially exist any more? Bleaney (talk) 22:29, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bedfordshire. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091019/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf to http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:18, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bedfordshire. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120907195225/http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/results.aspx?index=0 to http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/results.aspx?index=0&mainQuery=&searchType=all&form=basic&theme=&county=BEDFORDSHIRE&district=&placeName=

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:58, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

Ethnic Groups are incorrect as of 2011 census data
2011 Census lists the broad ethnic classifications as follows:

White: Total 75.5% Asian/Asian British: Total 13.87% Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Total 4.83%

My guess is that the figures have not been updated for some time or have been using out of date information.

In fact going further the 2001 Census data lists the following:

White 86.33% Asian/Asian British 8.33% Black/Black British 2.94%

Which funnily enough is in line with the article.

In conclusion, the article should be updated with the 2011 figures.

Notable people

 * I do not agree with having a list of notable people section in this article as Bedfordshire is too big an area to lump everyone from there who's notable into one list; it's not of note to come from a particular county. For example, if I were to say I came from London (which I do, North Cheam), you would think the City of London, which is inaccurate. It is undue, would be the point I'm trying to put across.-- Laun chba ller 15:39, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Actually, I would not think you came from the City of London, but I would think you came from Greater London, which is correct! Your example fails because it relies on people thinking the City of London encompasses Greater London, which it does not. There is no such similar confusion with Bedfordshire. However, a point could be made that what is there doesn't conform with the guidelines given in WP:UKCOUNTIES which state that the section should not be a simple list, but should be written in paragraph form. Yorkshire adopts a nicer solution for an extensive list, which is to have the section but immediately direct the reader to a separate article that is structured quite well. Lincolnshire has an extensive list (in its section 11.2), but it has a short written description next to each entry, which I suggest is much more acceptable than just a mere list, which is what is currently in this article. Looking at a number of other county articles, Lancashire doesn't have a separate section, but notable people are supplied in the relevant sections they might occur in. I suggest that, rather than merely deleting the section, it would have been better to save the list and work on either making a new "list of..." article including those names (for which most of them need to be given sources demonstrating notability anyway), or use some other solution. In fact, on reflection, they do seem unsuitable in their present form. So, I've deleted them again, but moved them here so that people can use them in a more acceptable way (as opposed to simply deleting the list).  DDStretch    (talk)  17:10, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

Notable people from Bedfordshire
The names on this list should not occur in the article as a simple list. See WP:UKCOUNTIES and other possible solutions, such as in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, or Lancashire.

• Harold Abrahams

• Mick Abrahams

• Steve Askew

• Ronnie Barker

• Martin Bayfield

• Lady Margaret Beaufort

• Matt Berry

• John Bunyan

• John Byng

• Alastair Cook

• Kerry Dixon

• Tim Foster

• Barry Fry

• George Gascoigne

• Lucie Green

• Tom Grennan

• Damon Gough

• Arthur Hailey

• Sir William Harpur

• Jaymi Hensley

• Asher Hucklesby

• Trevor Huddleston

• Sir Alec Jeffreys

• Jeremy Irvine

• Andy Johnson

• Wayne Larkins

• John Le Mesurier

• Steve Linsdell

• Sir William Morgan

• John Oliver

• Monty Panesar

• Sir Joseph Paxton

• Victoria Pendleton

• Paula Radcliffe

• Mark Rutherford

• Robert Sedgwick

• Elkanah Settle

• Matt Skelton

• Noel Stanton

• Sir Malcolm Stewart

• Carol Vorderman

• Charles Wells

• Paul Young

• Ben Whishaw

• Samuel Whitbread

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:53, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Bedfordshire's Flag.svg

Ethnicity in infobox
There seems to be disagreement on the figures used for ethnicity in the infobox with editors changing the percentages and being reverted for failing verification. That's Ok but the older figures are not sourced either. Although the changes and reversions involve different editors it could be regarded as edit warring. It's doubtful ethnicity figures are available for the ceremonial county now that its covered in total by unitary authorities so any figures produced would need to be added up from the three unitary authorities of Luton, Central Bedfordshire and Borough of Bedford. If the Office for National Statistics are not reporting a combined figure for the ceremonial county, why are we? The infobox figures are out of date and misleading; therefore I propose the ethnicity fields be removed from the infobox altogether. Thoughts? Pinging involved editors @JMF, @Matt Lunker, @Volomoto, @112.118.252.79, @112.118.7.240 (presumably the IP pings work). Rupples (talk) 18:38, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * (and Mid Bedforshire). Yes, I agree completely and am annoyed that I failed to spot that the original figures were uncited. Nevertheless, it was highly WP:DISRUPTIVE to give an irrelevant "citation", which can only mean that the proposed figures are equally fictional. Meanwhile, IMO, the lines should be hidden until they can be sourced properly (and presented here for agreement that they are honestly sourced). --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 20:08, 6 December 2023 (UTC).
 * All these recent edits concerning ethnicity on the Bedfordshire pages and also Buckinghamshire appear to originate in Hong Cong, with either no sources or extremely questionable sources. It appears to be a sockpuppet trying to distrupt the Bedford, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire pages and either a ban or protection should be considered? Regards to all, David J Johnson (talk) 20:46, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I have temporarily suspended that entry in the infobox pending resolution. (At talk:Buckinghamshire, I have done the equivalent calculation and it is awaiting validation. It was time-consuming, not difficult.) --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 00:28, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's better not to have the data at all, than include misleading figures. Rupples (talk) 01:43, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

Calculations
I have put together a calculation of the figures for Bedfordshire. Here is my working.

Sources:

If somebody would validate my calculations and sourcing, we can update the article accordingly. (Personally, I fail to see the value of such arbitrary divisions: it just feeds racist conspiracy theories.) --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 19:32, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks @JMF for doing the calcs. Least I can do, after raising the issue here is to check them through. All OK except for a 0.1 rounding difference in the Bedfordshire percentages, which total 99.9%. The one that is nearest to a rounding up is Mixed at 3.84%. Should this be changed to 3.9% to arrive at 100% total, or just left? Also noticed stats percentages come to 99.9% for Central Beds and 100.1 for Luton, but these are as listed in NOMIS, which doesn't itself show 100% totals for the percentages. Rupples (talk) 20:25, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * My inclination is to leave them as calculated. Rounding errors are to be expected, indeed not having any is suspicious. 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 22:17, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bedfordshire