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Harry Pollitt

Harry Pollitt (22 November 1890 – 27 June 1960) was a British communist who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) from July 1929 to September 1939 and again from 1941 until his death in 1960. Pollitt spent most of his life advocating communism. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, Pollitt was an adherent particularly of Joseph Stalin even after Stalin's death and disavowal by Nikita Khrushchev. Pollitt's acts included opposition to the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and Polish–Soviet War, support for the Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, both support for and opposition to the war against Nazi Germany, defence of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia, and support for the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary.

He contested a number of parliamentary elections, but never won, despite coming close in 1945. Throughout his time as leader of CPGB, he was in direct secret radio contact with Moscow as CPGB's "Code Holder", and was monitored by the British security services.

Childhood and early career
Pollitt was born on 22 November 1890 in Droylsden, Lancashire. He was the second of six children of Samuel Pollitt (1863–1933), a blacksmith's striker, and his wife, Mary Louisa (1868–1939), a cotton spinner, daughter of William Charlesworth, a joiner. Pollitt's parents were socialists, and his mother was a member of the Independent Labour Party before joining the Communist party when it was formed in 1920.

Three of his siblings died in infancy. The death of his younger sister Winifred particularly affected Pollitt, who said that he would "pay God out. Pay everybody out for making my sister suffer". Pollitt began work at the age of 12, alongside his mother. The suffering of his mother, who regularly worked standing in water wearing only wooden clogs, also particularly affected Pollitt, who later said that he "swore that when I grew up I would pay the bosses out for the hardships that she suffered". Pollitt later became a boilermaker and metal craftsman.

During the First World War, Pollitt was exempt from conscription as a skilled worker. Pollitt gained experience leading a strike in Southampton in 1915 and later described being inspired by the 1917 October Revolution, saying it showed that "workers like me ... had defeated the boss class". By this time Pollitt was already a member of Sylvia Pankhurst's Workers' Socialist Federation and had gained experience with public speaking.

Communist campaigner
In September 1919, Pollitt was appointed full-time national organiser of the Hands Off Russia campaign to protest against Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, for which Pankhurst had obtained funding from Moscow. Pollitt tired of his desk-bound job and went back to work in the Port of London. Whilst there, Pollitt helped convince London dock workers not to load the freighter SS Jolly George on 10 May 1920, as she was bound with munitions for Poland, which at that time was fighting against Soviet Russia in the Polish–Soviet War. With support from Ernest Bevin, then a senior official in the dockers' union, the ship's owners were forced by the dockers to unload her cargo of munitions, and she sailed on 15 May 1920 without them. Pollitt failed to prevent a number of other ships laden with arms for Poland, including the Danish steamer Neptune on 1 May 1920, and two Belgian barges.

In August 1920 the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was founded by an agreement unifying various left-wing bodies, including the British Socialist Party, of which Pollitt was a member in addition to his WSF membership. Pollitt, thus a founding member of the party, attended the CPGB's founding "Utility Convention". The following year Pollitt visited the Soviet Union. During his visit, he met and shook hands with Vladimir Lenin, an experience he later described as the greatest day of his life. According to the October 1921 issue of Freedom, on his return Pollitt stated that he had seen evidence that Russian anarchists were plotting to restore Tsarism and spoke approvingly of the suppression of anarchism in Russia.

Pollitt was involved in a criminal case against five men he accused of kidnapping him in March 1925 whilst he was on his way to address a meeting of communists in Liverpool. According to Pollitt, he had been taken off a train and held in Wales over a weekend in order to prevent him reaching Liverpool, though treated mildly. The men, who were all members of the British Fascists, were acquitted by the jury following testimony that characterised the "kidnapping" as unserious and a denial from the head of the Liverpool branch of the fascist party that they had authorised any kidnapping of Pollitt. The Labour party conference that year passed a motion condemning the acquittal by the jury of those accused of kidnapping Pollitt as an example of class-prejudice, and calling for representation of workers on juries.

On 10 October 1925, Pollitt married Marjorie Brewer at Caxton Hall, Westminster. Marjorie Edna Brewer (1902–1991) was a communist schoolteacher; the marriage eventually produced a son and a daughter. His best man and witness was fellow CPGB activist and organiser Percy Glading, who would later be convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and imprisoned. A week later, Pollitt was one of 12 members of the Communist Party convicted at the Old Bailey on charges of seditious libel and incitement to mutiny. Pollitt was given a 12-month sentence as a previous offender, which he served in Wandsworth prison. Historian C. L. Mowat described the trial as "the chief instance of a purely political trial in the interwar years".

Pollitt travelled again to Moscow in October 1927, and attended a meeting at which the CPGB was roundly criticised for its failure to criticise the British labour movement. During the same visit, Pollitt met privately with Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin, who, over Pollitt's protests, ordered that the CPGB should abandon its "United Front" policy and campaign as widely as possible at the next election, even where the CPGB stood no chance of winning and would draw votes away from the Labour candidate, thus allowing the Conservatives to win. This policy of attacking other left-wing organisations was known as the "Class-against-Class" policy, and remained in place until 1932 when, as leader, Pollitt was able to get it relaxed for trade unions, though it remained in place for other parts of the left.

In addition to his role in the CPGB, from the early 1920s Pollitt served as national secretary of the British Bureau of the Red International of Labour Unions (AKA Profintern), an organisation aimed at countering the Amsterdam International and rallying militant trade unionists within existing unions to win those unions over to communism. The Comintern characterised the British Bureau as "not an organisation of unions, but only of revolutionary minorities of unions". On the founding of the National Minority Movement (NMM) in 1924, the British Bureau was folded into it and Pollitt was made its national secretary, a position he remained in until 1929. As secretary of the NMM, Pollitt opposed trying to form new communist-oriented unions aimed at replacing established unions under the "Class-against-Class" policy.

Pre-World War II and the Great Purge
In 1929 the CPGB elected Pollitt General Secretary with Joseph Stalin's personal approval. Pollitt replaced Albert Inkpin, who had attracted disapproval from the Comintern by opposing the "Class-against-Class" policy and perceived softness towards others on the left. On his appointment, Stalin told him, "You have taken a difficult job on, but I believe you will tackle it all right". Pollitt was selected as he had impressed people both within the CPGB and in Moscow as a Comintern loyalist and effective organiser, particularly when representing the Comintern at a meeting of the Communist Party USA in March 1929. Pollitt stated that he saw his role as defending the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) "through thick and thin". Unlike Inkpin, Pollitt was willing to criticise the Labour party as "social-fascists". Pollitt made clear in his public statements his loyalties to the Soviet Union and to CPSU General Secretary Joseph Stalin. He was a defender of the Moscow Trials, in which Stalin murdered or otherwise disposed of his political and military opponents. In the Daily Worker of 12 March 1936 Pollitt told the world that "the trials in Moscow represent a new triumph in the history of progress". The article was illustrated by a photograph of Stalin with Nikolai Yezhov, whose likeness would be retouched out of the photograph following his 1940 fall from favour and subsequent execution.

In 1934 Pollitt and Tom Mann, then-treasurer of the National Unemployed Workers' Movement (NUWM), were summonsed on charges of sedition in relation to speeches they gave in Trealaw and Ferndale in Wales. Pollitt and Mann were both acquitted of all charges by Swansea assizes. The arrests took place on the eve of a meeting in Bermondsey which Mann and Pollitt were due to attend that was to be the culmination of the 1934 Hunger March.

Pollitt travelled again to Moscow in 1935. Whilst there he was invited to make a broadcast on the BBC radio programme The Citizen and His Government, commenting on the difference between the UK and the USSR. However, the invitation was withdrawn after opposition from the Foreign Office. He would not appear on BBC radio until the 1945 election.

When Pollitt's personal friend Rose Cohen, to whom he had proposed marriage on a number of occasions, was put on trial in Moscow in 1937 during Stalin's Great Purge, the CPGB opposed efforts by the British government to get Cohen released, describing her arrest as an internal affair of the Soviet Union. Pollitt privately tried to intervene on her behalf, but by the time he did so she had already been shot. Pollitt placed himself at risk by questioning Cohen's arrest in this fashion, as Béla Kun had, under torture, identified him as a "Trotskyist" and "British spy", though Osip Piatnitsky had refused to confirm these accusations when arrested by the NKVD in 1937. Twenty years after Cohen's death, Pollitt requested information from Moscow about whether she was still alive, stating, untruthfully, that there was press interest in Britain about her whereabouts.

In contrast to Pollitt's concern over Rose Cohen, when CPGB member Freda Utley tried to get Pollitt to intercede with Moscow on behalf of her Russian husband, who was arrested and died in a labour camp in 1938, Pollitt refused. Pollitt also failed to intervene to help George Fles and his wife, Arcadi Berdichevsky and his wife, nor a number of other British communists who were arrested by the NKVD and tortured, shot, or imprisoned in the Gulag during Stalin's purge.

Pollitt defied Moscow by opposing the introduction of conscription in Britain when it was introduced in 1939. Pollitt's opposition to conscription led to protests from the French Communist Party, which had supported conscription in France.

Spanish Civil War
During the 1936–39 Spanish Civil War Pollitt visited the country five times, each time giving speeches to the British Battalion that was part of one of the International Brigades supporting the Republican side. Pollitt also played a role in approving or vetoing applications from British volunteers to join the International Brigades. One such veto was against George Orwell, who Pollitt believed to be politically unreliable. Pollitt was also tasked with writing letters of condolence to the families of British communists killed in Spain.

In August 1937, Pollitt intervened in a dispute between the leadership of the British Battalion regarding tactics, the reliability of Spanish Republican troops that had fought alongside the battalion, and other issues. He recalled the five leading members of the battalion involved in the dispute (Tapsell, Cunningham, Aitken, Copeman, and Williams) to Britain. Copeman and Tapsell, who had been critical of Spanish Republican forces and tactics, were ordered to return to Spain, whilst Cunningham, Williams, and Aitken were ordered to remain in Britain.

Communications with Moscow and surveillance by MI5
From 1933 until November 1939, Pollitt was in radio contact with Moscow as the CPGB's "code holder". Contact ceased when he resigned as leader of the CPGB, and the secret code used to communicate with him was changed, though it was re-established in 1941.

From 1931, Olga Gray, an MI5 agent, infiltrated the party, and was for a time Pollitt's personal secretary. In Operation MASK (1934–1937), John Tiltman and his colleagues of the Government Code and Cypher School were able to crack the code and decrypt radio messages between Moscow and some of its foreign parties, such as the CPGB. They revealed the Comintern's close supervision of the Communist Party and Pollitt, as well as the substantial financial support the CPGB received from Moscow. Among other things, Pollitt was instructed to refute news leaks about a Stalinist purge. Some messages were addressed to code names, while others were signed by Pollitt himself. In his transmissions to Moscow, Pollitt regularly pleaded for more funding from the Soviet Union. One 1936 coded instruction advised Pollitt to publicise the plight of Ernst Thälmann, a German Communist leader who had been arrested by the Nazis and who later died at Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Pollitt replied that he was "having difficulties" getting British statesmen to make public declarations supporting Thälmann but that they promised they would speak privately with German officials in London. In one of the more amusing dispatches, Pollitt (1936) informed his Soviet contact about a recent visit to France to make campaign appearances for candidates from the French Communist Party. "At great inconvenience went to Paris to speak in the election campaign". Pollitt went on to complain that he "kept sitting two days and comrades refused to allow me to speak. Such treatment as I received in Paris is a scandal."

Pollitt also tasked Gray, whose class background would make her less conspicuous aboard an ocean liner than the CPGB's mostly working-class membership, with delivering money, instructions, and a questionnaire to a contact in India. The strain of this mission caused Gray to resign as Pollitt's secretary, though she remained in touch with Percy Glading, and in 1937 provided evidence that led to the conviction of Glading on spying charges.

CPGB members, including Harry Pollitt, were the subject of continual monitoring efforts by the British security services throughout the 1930s, '40s, and '50s. These included the planting of a listening device in their King Street offices in 1942. MI5 also had an unidentified source close to Percy Glading who regularly reported to them of Pollitt's doings, including Pollitt's dissatisfaction with Reg Birch, and both MI5 and Special Branch had sources at Pollitt's 60th birthday celebrations.

World War II
With the outbreak of war between the UK and Nazi Germany in early September 1939, despite the Molotov–Ribbentrop pact, Pollitt welcomed the British declaration of war on Nazi Germany, calling for a "struggle on two fronts", involving the "military defeat of Hitler and the political defeat of Chamberlain" in his pamphlet How To Win The War, which was also ambivalent about rearmament. When this turned out to be contrary to the Comintern line received from Moscow on 14 September, and reiterated by the CPGB's Comintern representative on 24 September (as Rajani Palme Dutt, who succeeded him as General Secretary, had warned him it would be), he was forced to resign. By November 1939, Pollitt had disavowed his previous pro-war position, saying that by supporting the war he had "played into the hands of the class enemy".

During 1940–41, under instructions from Moscow, the party followed a policy of "revolutionary defeatism". This was a strategy that assumed that the goals of the Communist Party could be accelerated by quickening the defeat of Britain in the war against Nazi Germany. Douglas Hyde stated that the attitude of those advocating this policy was to regard "the almost inevitable defeat of Britain [...] as a magnificent opportunity". Pollitt criticised the war policies of the Chamberlain government, describing them as seeking to exploit the war against "Hitler's fascism" to "impose certain aspects of that same fascism on the workers". The anti-war position of the CPGB during 1939-41 was later cited by J. S. Middleton, along with the CPGB's perceived lack of independence from Moscow, as a reason for refusing Harry Pollitt's application to affiliate the CPGB with the Labour Party.

On instructions from Georgi Dimitrov in Moscow, Pollitt was retained in a six-member political bureau after his removal. He was reinstated as the leader of the CPGB after Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, again in response to instructions received from Moscow. Moscow also overturned Dutt's previous position of criticising the Churchill government and characterising the war as a struggle for socialism, instead endorsing Pollitt's position of offering full support to the Churchill government and avoiding inflaming anti-socialist opinion. Dimitrov, however, had doubts about Pollitt's reliability, and in 1942 questioned what he saw as Pollitt's "strange behaviour" in allowing what he believed to be the penetration of the CPGB by the British security services, saying that he did not know whether Pollitt was doing this "deliberately" or if "English intelligence is taking advantage of his lack of vigilance".

After Operation Barbarossa, Harry Pollitt became a strong supporter of the opening of a second front in Europe against Nazi Germany by the Western Allies. Pollitt also urged Jawaharlal Nehru to moderate his demands for Indian independence for the duration of the war. When strike action was proposed during the war, Pollitt was opposed to it as it would damage the war effort. Pollitt's adherence to an electoral truce unilaterally called by the CPGB after Operation Barbarossa led to instances of CPGB campaigning in favour of Conservative candidates in wartime by-elections.

As the CPGB's membership of the Comintern had been a barrier to affiliation with the Labour Party, Pollitt took the opportunity given by the dissolution of the Comintern in May 1943 to apply again to affiliate with the Labour Party. However, this was again rejected by Labour's central committee, who again cited the CPGB's previous opposition to the war against Nazi Germany. At the 1945 general election, Politt's CPGB pursued a "Progressive Majority" strategy, and sought to coordinate its electoral strategy with the Labour Party, though the Labour Party did not reciprocate. As a result, rather than putting up 50 candidates as had been proposed, the CPGB put up candidates in only 21 seats, of whom only two were returned.

Post WWII and later life
Pollitt supported the 1948 communist coup in Czechoslovakia, characterising it as the work of "millions of lads" who were "led by their Shop stewards" to overthrow capitalism. During 1948 Pollitt also condemned the Marshall Plan, calling it a war plan, and called for Ernest Bevin, the then Foreign Secretary, to be fired over what he described as the deliberate prolongation of the talks on the Marshall Plan and the economic impact of Bevin's policies.

In 1951 the CPGB adopted The British Road To Socialism as their party programme, replacing For Soviet Britain. The programme, which was championed by Pollitt, committed the CPGB to independence from Moscow, and a constitutional or parliamentary (as opposed to revolutionary) path to power. Additionally, it stated that the CPGB was committed to decision-making through internal party democracy. In spite of these commitments, the programme had actually been personally dictated to Pollitt by Stalin in a series of secret meetings in the Kremlin.

On the death of Stalin, Pollitt wrote that he had been "the greatest man of our time". He went on to say that "[n]ever before in the history of humanity ha[d] there been such universal grief" as the people of the world "mourned him with tears in their eyes and with deep uncontrollable sorrow". Pollitt was also a member of the guard of honour at Stalin's funeral.

The advent of Nikita Khrushchev presented the CPGB with problems. The CPGB had followed the Moscow line to attack Tito's neutralist government in Yugoslavia; however, when Khrushchev visited Belgrade in 1955, the CPGB was forced to recant these attacks. Pollitt faced another crisis when Khrushchev, in his 1956 Secret Speech, attacked the legacy of Stalin. Pollitt's embarrassment was heightened by the fact that he had been present in Moscow for the party congress at which the speech took place, but along with the other foreign delegates had been excluded from the session at which it had been given. Pollitt, suffering from worsening health in his final years, resigned as General Secretary in May 1956, with John Gollan succeeding him, and was appointed CP Chairman. When Khruschev's denunciation of Stalin was formally made public the following month, Pollitt stated that he was "too old to go into reverse and denigrate a man he had admired above all others for more than a quarter of a century". Pollitt also refused to take down a portrait of Stalin that hung in his living room, saying that "He's staying there as long as I'm alive".

The Soviet repression of the Hungarian Revolution of November 1956 made the CPGB crisis worse, particularly as the party had taken the position that the Eastern Bloc countries, of which Hungary was one, were allowed to do what they pleased. Pollitt supported the Soviet invasion of Hungary, stating that it had "saved Hungary from fascism". Most of the party's intellectual figures, including Doris Lessing and E. P. Thompson, and many ordinary members resigned. Others, for example Eric Hobsbawm, chose to stay in the party to try to reform it.

In 1959, when British communist journalist Alan Winnington (whom Pollitt had recruited to the CPGB) became disillusioned with Chinese politics, Pollitt arranged for him to travel from China to East Germany, where Winnington spent the remainder of his life as an author and film actor. Winnington was extremely grateful, and after Pollitt's death he described him as "the greatest Englishman I have known."

Electoral record
Pollitt contested a number of parliamentary elections, but did not win any. His first electoral outing was in the Durham, Seaham constituency in 1929, where he received 1,431 votes (2.9% of the total vote). He then contested the London East End Stepney, Whitechapel, and St. George's constituency in 1930, where he received 2,106 votes (9.6% of votes). He contested the same constituency again in 1931 and received 2,658 votes (11.2% of vote). In 1933 he contested the Derbyshire, Clay Cross constituency and received 3,434 votes (10.6% of the vote). In a 1940 by-election in the Silvertown division of West Ham he received only 966 votes (6.2% of the vote) to the Labour candidate's 14,343.

He stood as the CPGB candidate for election in Rhondda East in South Wales three times. In 1935, he lost to the Labour candidate 61.8% to 38.2%, with a margin of 8,433 votes. In the 1945 general election he came within a thousand votes of winning the seat from the Labour candidate, with 15,761 votes (45.5% of the vote) compared to the Labour candidate's 16,733 votes (48.4% of the vote). In 1950 he suffered a heavy defeat, receiving only 4,463 votes (12.7% of the vote) compared to the Labour candidate's 26,645 votes (75.9% of the vote).

Death and legacy
After years of worsening health, Pollitt died at age 69 of a cerebral haemorrhage while returning on the SS Orion from a speaking tour of Australia on 27 June 1960. The liner had departed from Adelaide en route to Fremantle, when, at 2 a.m., Pollitt suffered a stroke. He was cremated at Golders Green on 9 July, and was survived by his wife and two children, Brian and Jean.

The Labour History Archive and Study Centre at the People's History Museum in Manchester holds the collection of the Communist Party of Great Britain. This collection includes the papers of Pollitt, which covers the years 1920 to 1960.

In 1971, a Soviet-operated, East German-built Type 17 merchant ship was named after Pollitt. The ship was renamed Natalie in 1996 and scrapped the next year. A plaque dedicated to the memory of Pollitt was unveiled by the Mayor of Tameside on 22 March 1995 outside Droylsden Library. He is also commemorated in the song "The Ballad of Harry Pollitt", which was originally written during his lifetime, and hence inaccurately describes his murder. The American folk band The Limeliters included the song on their 1961 album The Slightly Fabulous Limeliters. The song was heavily criticised in the April 1972 edition of Marxism Today, the official journal of the CPGB, as "sickening" and "full of the vilest insults against the memory of Harry Pollitt".

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title: Harry Pollitt


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Up until April 2021, the president and senior executive producer of CBS News was Susan Zirinsky, who assumed the role on March 1, 2019. Zirinsky, the first female president of the network's news division, was announced as the choice to replace David Rhodes on January 6, 2019. The announcement came amid news that Rhodes would step down as president of CBS News "amid falling ratings and the fallout from revelations from an investigation into sexual misconduct allegations" against CBS News figures and Rhodes.

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History
In 1929, the Columbia Broadcasting System began making regular radio news broadcasts—five-minute summaries taken from reports from the United Press, one of the three wire services that supplied newspapers with national and international news. In December 1930 CBS chief William S. Paley hired journalist Paul W. White away from United Press as CBS's news editor. Paley put the radio network's news operation at the same level as entertainment, and authorized White to interrupt programming if events warranted. Along with other networks, CBS chafed at the breaking news embargo imposed upon radio by the wire services, which prevented them from using bulletins until they first appeared in print. CBS disregarded an embargo when it broke the story of the Lindbergh kidnapping in 1932, using live on-the-air reporting. Radio networks scooped print outlets with news of the 1932 presidential election.

In March 1933, White was named vice president and general manager in charge of news at CBS. As the first head of CBS News, he began to build an organization that soon established a legendary reputation.

In 1935, White hired Edward R. Murrow, and sent him to London in 1937 to run CBS Radio's European operation. White led a staff that would come to include Richard C. Hottelet, Charles Collingwood, William L. Shirer, Eric Sevareid, Bill Downs, John Charles Daly, Joseph C. Harsch Cecil Brown, Elmer Davis, Quincy Howe, H. V. Kaltenborn, Robert Trout, and Lewis Shollenberger.

"CBS was getting its ducks in a row for the biggest news story in history, World War II", wrote radio historian John Dunning.

In 1940, William S. Paley recruited Edmund A. Chester from his position as Bureau Chief for Latin America at the Associated Press to coordinate the development of the international shortwave radio Network of the Americas (Cadena de las Américas) in 1942. Broadcasting in concert with the assistance of the Department of State, the Office for Inter-American Affairs chaired by Nelson Rockefeller and Voice of America as part of President Roosevelt's support for Pan-Americanism, this CBS radio network provided vital news and cultural programming throughout South America and Central America during the World War II era. Through its operations in twenty nations, it fostered benevolent diplomatic relations between the United States and other nations in the region while providing an alternative to Nazi propaganda.

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Upon becoming commercial station WCBW (channel 2, now WCBS-TV) in 1941, the pioneer CBS television station in New York City broadcast two daily news programs, at 2:30 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. weekdays, anchored by Richard Hubbell (journalist). Most of the newscasts featured Hubbell reading a script with only occasional cutaways to a map or still photograph. When Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941, WCBW (which was usually off the air on Sunday to give the engineers a day off), took to the air at 8:45 p.m. with an extensive special report. The national emergency even broke down the unspoken wall between CBS radio and television. WCBW executives convinced radio announcers and experts such as George Fielding Elliot and Linton Wells to come down to the Grand Central studios during the evening and give information and commentary on the attack. The WCBW special report that night lasted less than 90 minutes. But that special broadcast pushed the limits of live television in 1941 and opened up new possibilities for future broadcasts. As CBS wrote in a special report to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the unscheduled live news broadcast on December 7 "was unquestionably the most stimulating challenge and marked the greatest advance of any single problem faced up to that time."

Additional newscasts were scheduled in the early days of the war. In May 1942, WCBW (like almost all television stations) sharply cut back its live program schedule and the newscasts were canceled, since the station temporarily suspended studio operations, resorting exclusively to the occasional broadcast of films. This was primarily because much of the staff had either joined the service or were redeployed to war related technical research, and to prolong the life of the early, unstable cameras which were now impossible to repair due to the wartime lack of parts. In May 1944, as the war began to turn in favor of the Allies, WCBW reopened the studios and the newscasts returned, briefly anchored by Ned Calmer, and then by Everett Holles. After the war, expanded news programs appeared on the WCBW schedule – whose call letters were changed to WCBS-TV in 1946 – first anchored by Milo Boulton, and later by Douglas Edwards. On May 3, 1948, Edwards began anchoring CBS Television News, a regular 15-minute nightly newscast on the CBS television network, including WCBS-TV. It aired every weeknight at 7:30 p.m., and was the first regularly scheduled, network television news program featuring an anchor (the nightly Lowell Thomas NBC radio network newscast was simulcast on television locally on NBC's WNBT—now WNBC—for a time in the early 1940s and the previously mentioned Richard Hubbell, Ned Calmer, Everett Holles and Milo Boulton on WCBW in the early and mid-1940s, but these were local television broadcasts seen only in New York City). NBC's offering at the time, NBC Television Newsreel (which premiered in February 1948), was simply film footage with voice narration.

In 1948, CBS Radio's seasoned journalist Edmund Chester emerged as the television network's new Director of News Special Events and Sports. Soon thereafter in 1949, he collaborated with one of CBS' original Murrow Boys named Larry LeSueur to produce the innovative news series United Nations In Action. Underwritten by the Ford Motor Company as a public service, these broadcasts endeavored to provide live coverage of the proceedings of the United Nations General Assembly from its interim headquarters in Lake Success, New York. They proved to be highly successful and were honored with the prestigious George Foster Peabody Award for Television News in 1949. In 1950, the name of the nightly newscast was changed to Douglas Edwards with the News, and the following year, it became the first news program to be broadcast on both coasts, thanks to a new coaxial cable connection, prompting Edwards to use the greeting "Good evening everyone, coast to coast." The broadcast was renamed the CBS Evening News when Walter Cronkite replaced Edwards in 1962. Edwards remained with CBS News with various daytime television newscasts and radio news broadcasts until his retirement on April 1, 1988.

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In 2021, CBS News had set up its own production unit See It Now Studios, to be headed up by Susan Zirinsky.

In 2022, CBS News hired former Donald Trump administration official Mick Mulvaney as a paid on-air contributor. Mulvaney's hiring stirred controversy within the company due to his history of promoting Trump's false claims and attacking the press. CBS News co-president Neeraj Khemlani told CBS morning show staff: "If you look at some of the people that we've been hiring on a contributor basis, being able to make sure that we are getting access to both sides of the aisle is a priority because we know the Republicans are going to take over, most likely, in the midterms".

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 * 48 Hours (January 19, 1988–present)
 * 60 Minutes II (January 13, 1999 – September 2, 2005)
 * America Tonight (Dan Rather, Charles Kuralt, Lesley Stahl, Robert Krulwich, Edie Magnus) (October 1, 1990 – 1991)
 * Street Stories (Ed Bradley; January 9, 1992 – June 10, 1993)
 * Eye to Eye with Connie Chung (June 17, 1993 – May 25, 1995)
 * Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel (October 1, 1997 – 1998)
 * CBS Newsbreak (1976–2009)
 * Who's Who (1977)
 * Person to Person (1953–1961; 2012; 2022–present)

Other programs

 * You Are There (1953–1973)
 * Adventure (1953–1955)
 * Youth Takes a Stand (1953–1954)
 * Air Power (1956–1957)
 * The Twentieth Century (1957–1970)
 * CBS Reports (1959–2010)
 * Of Black America (1968)
 * In The News (1971–1986; 1997–1998)
 * Razzmatazz (1977–1982) (co-production with Scholastic Magazines, Inc.)
 * West 57th (1985–1989)
 * America Tonight (1990–1991)
 * 20th Century with Mike Wallace (1993–2001)
 * Biography (1996–2005)
 * Off Tenth (1997)
 * Fast Forward (1997–1999)
 * Scandal! (1998–2007)
 * BET Nightly News (2001–2005) (co-production with BET Studios)
 * TV Land Legends: The 60 Minutes Interviews (2002–2004) (co-production with TV Land)
 * TV Land Moguls (2004–2009) (co-production with TV Land)
 * What's Hot! What's Cool! (2004)
 * 365gay News (2005–2009) (co-production with Logo TV)
 * Secret Lives of Women (2005–2009) (co-production with CBS Eye Productions and Kaos Entertainment)
 * Commander Castle (2006)
 * FutureCar (2007)
 * Eco-Tech (2007) (co-production with Beanfield Productions and Silent Crow Arts)
 * Brink (2008–2009) (co-production with CBS Eye Productions)
 * 48 Hours on ID (2010–present)
 * Juicy and Jaded (2012) (co-production with Euphoric Entertainment)
 * 60 Minutes Sports (2013–2017) (co-production with Showtime Networks)
 * Brooklyn DA (2013)
 * Whistleblower (2018–2019) (co-production with CBS Studios)
 * The FBI Declassified (2020–present)
 * Boiling Point (2021–present) (co-production with BET Studios)
 * Indivisible: Healing Hate (2022) (co-production with XG Productions)
 * Gilshaine: Partner in Crime (2022) (co-production with Fremantle)
 * 60 Minutes More (1996–1997)
 * 60 Minutes+ (2021–2022)
 * 11 Minutes (2022)

CBS News Radio
The branch of CBS News that produces newscasts and features to radio stations is CBS News Radio. The radio network is the oldest unit of CBS and traced its roots to the company's founding in 1927, and the news division took shape over the decade that followed. The list of CBS News correspondents (below) includes those reporting on CBS News Radio.

CBS News Radio produces the oldest daily news show on radio or television, the CBS World News Roundup, which first aired in 1938 and celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2018. The World News Roundup airs twice every weekday: a morning edition is anchored by Steve Kathan and produced by Paul Farry, while a "late edition" is anchored by Dave Barrett and produced by James Hutton. The evening Roundup, previously known as The World Tonight, has aired in its current form since 1956 and has been anchored by Blair Clark, Douglas Edwards, Dallas Townsend and Christopher Glenn (Glenn also anchored the morning Roundup before his death in 2006).

The CBS Radio Network provides newscasts at the top of the hour, regular updates at :31 minutes past the hour, the popular Newsfeeds for affiliates (including WCBS and KYW) at :35 minutes past the hour, and breaking news updates when developments warrant, often at :20 and :50 minutes past the hour. Skyview Networks handles the distribution.

CBS Newspath
CBS Newspath is CBS News' satellite news-gathering service (similar to CNN Newsource). Newspath provides national hard news, sports highlights, regional spot news, features and live coverage of major breaking news events for affiliate stations to use in their local news broadcasts. The service has a team of domestic and global correspondents and freelance reporters dedicated to reporting for affiliates, and offers several different national or international stories fronted by reporters on a daily basis. CBS Newspath also relies heavily on local affiliates sharing content. Stations will often contribute locally obtained footage that may be of national interest. It replaced a similar service, CBS News NewsNet.

Network News Service (NNS) is a pioneering news organization formed by ABC NewsOne, CBS Newspath and Fox NewsEdge.

CBS News 24/7
CBS News 24/7 is a 24-hour streaming news channel which launched on November 4, 2014, as CBSN. At the time as CBSN, the channel features live news from 9a.m. to midnight on weekdays. The channel makes all of the resources of CBS News available directly on digital platforms with live, anchored coverage 15 hours each week. It is a first for a U.S. 24-hour news channel to forgo cable and be available exclusively only online and on smart devices such as smart TV's Apple TV, Roku, Amazon Fire and others. The channel is based at CBS's New York City headquarters.

The morning hours are typically anchored by Anne-Marie Green and Vladimir Duthiers, with afternoons anchored by a rotating team including Lilia Luciano, Tony Dokoupil, Errol Barnett, Lana Zak and Elaine Quijano. Various correspondents in Washington D.C. anchor a late-afternoon political program titled, 'America Decides' and John Dickerson anchors "The Daily Report" Monday-Thursday.

Domestic bureaus

 * New York City (Main Headquarters)
 * Washington, D.C. (Evening News Headquarters/White House Bureau)
 * Atlanta
 * Chicago
 * Dallas
 * Denver
 * Los Angeles (West Coast Bureau)
 * Miami
 * San Francisco
 * Kennedy Space Center

Europe

 * London
 * Rome
 * Paris

Africa

 * Johannesburg

Middle East

 * Istanbul

Asia

 * Kabul
 * Beijing -- Does not have a correspondent, just a producer-camera person.
 * Tokyo, until April 3, 2024.
 * Bangkok

Current television hosts, anchors, correspondents, and reporters

 * New York (Main Headquarters)

 * Enrique Acevedo – Correspondent, 60 Minutes+
 * Sharyn Alfonsi – Correspondent, 60 Minutes
 * Jim Axelrod – National Correspondent
 * Errol Barnett – National Correspondent, Anchor, CBS News 24/7
 * Nikki Battiste – National Correspondent
 * James Brown – Special Correspondent
 * Nate Burleson – Co-Anchor, CBS Mornings
 * Nancy Chen – Correspondent
 * John Dickerson – Correspondent, 60 Minutes: Anchor, CBS News 24/7
 * Tony Dokoupil – Co-Anchor, CBS Mornings
 * Jericka Duncan – Correspondent, CBS Mornings (2013–present); Anchor, CBS Weekend News (Sunday)
 * Vladimir Duthiers – Correspondent; Anchor, CBS News 24/7
 * Jeff Glor – Co-Anchor, CBS Saturday Morning
 * Anne-Marie Green – Anchor, CBS News Mornings (2013–present); Anchor, CBS News 24/7
 * Peter Greenberg – Travel Editor
 * Dana Jacobson – Co-Anchor, CBS Saturday Morning
 * Shanelle Kaul – Anchor, CBS News Roundup (Tuesday–Friday)
 * Gayle King – Co-Anchor, CBS Mornings (2012–present)
 * Dr. Jonathan LaPook – Chief Medical Correspondent
 * Anthony Mason – Culture and National Correspondent
 * Michelle Miller – Co-Anchor, CBS Saturday Morning
 * Erin Moriarty – Correspondent, 48 Hours and CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Meg Oliver – Correspondent (2006–2009; 2015–present)
 * Jane Pauley – Anchor, CBS News Sunday Morning (2016–present)
 * Scott Pelley – Correspondent, 60 Minutes (1989–present)
 * Matt Pieper – Anchor, CBS News Roundup (Monday)
 * Elaine Quijano – Anchor, CBS News 24/7
 * Tanya Rivero – Anchor, CBS News 24/7
 * Mo Rocca – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Richard Schlesinger – Correspondent, 48 Hours (1984–present)
 * Tracy Smith – Correspondent, 48 Hours and CBS News Sunday Morning (2000–present)
 * Lesley Stahl – Co-editor, 60 Minutes (1972–present)
 * Martha Teichner – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning (1977–present)
 * Peter Van Sant – Correspondent, 48 Hours
 * Anna Werner – Consumer and Investigative Correspondent, CBS This Morning
 * Bill Whitaker – Correspondent, 60 Minutes (1984–present) (Co-editor?)
 * Lana Zak – Anchor, CBS News 24/7

 * Washington, D.C. (Evening News Headquarters/White House Bureau)

 * Rita Braver – Senior Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning (1972–present)
 * Margaret Brennan – Chief Foreign Affairs Correspondent; Anchor, Face the Nation (2012–present)
 * Nancy Cordes – Chief White House Correspondent (2007–present)
 * Robert Costa – Chief Election and Campaign Correspondent (2022–present)
 * Jan Crawford – Chief Legal Correspondent (2005–2006; 2009–present)
 * Major Garrett – Chief Washington Correspondent (2011–present); Host, The Takeout (CBS News 24/7)
 * Weijia Jiang – Senior White House Correspondent
 * Nikole Killion – Congressional Correspondent
 * Scott MacFarlane – Congressional Correspondent
 * David Martin – National Security Correspondent (1983–present)
 * Norah O'Donnell – Anchor, CBS Evening News (2019–present)
 * Ed O'Keefe – Senior White House Correspondent
 * Chip Reid – National Correspondent (left?)
 * Christina Ruffini – Foreign Affairs/ Washington Correspondent (laid off?)
 * Susan Spencer – Correspondent, 48 Hours and CBS News Sunday Morning (1977–present)
 * Ben Tracy – Senior National and Environmental Correspondent (2019–present)
 * Cecilia Vega - Correspondent, 60 Minutes (2023–present)
 * Adriana Diaz – Correspondent; Anchor, CBS Weekend News (Saturday)

 * Atlanta
 * Mark Strassmann – Correspondent
 * Dave Malkoff – Correspondent

 * Chicago
 * Charlie DeMar – Reporter, CBS Chicago/WBBM-TV

 * Dallas
 * Kris Van Cleave – Transportation Correspondent
 * Omar Villafranca – Correspondent

 * Houston
 * Janet Shamlian – Correspondent

 * Los Angeles (West Coast Bureau)
 * Lee Cowan – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning (1996–2007; 2013–present)
 * Carter Evans – Correspondent
 * Lilia Luciano – Correspondent
 * Jonathan Vigliotti – Correspondent
 * Jamie Yuccas – Correspondent, KCAL-TV and KCBS-TV

 * Miami
 * Manuel Bojorquez – Correspondent

 * London
 * Charlie D'Agata – Senior Foreign Correspondent (2011–present)
 * Ian Lee – Foreign Correspondent
 * Elizabeth Palmer – Foreign Correspondent (2000–present)
 * Mark Phillips – Senior Foreign Correspondent (1982–present)
 * Roxana Saberi – Foreign Correspondent
 * Imtiaz Tyab – Foreign Correspondent

 * Rome
 * Seth Doane – Foreign Correspondent/ Correspondent,  60 Minutes+
 * Chris Livesay – Foreign Correspondent

 * Johannesburg
 * Debora Patta – Foreign Correspondent

 * Istanbul
 * Holly Williams – Foreign Correspondent

Current contributors

 * David Agus – Medical Contributor
 * Serena Altschul – Contributing Correspondent, 60 Minutes
 * David Becker – Election Law Contributor
 * David Begnaud – Contributor, CBS Mornings
 * Luke Burbank – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Alina Cho – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Anderson Cooper – Correspondent, 60 Minutes
 * Jeff Flake – Contributor
 * Nancy Giles – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Steve Hartman – "On The Road" (CBS Evening News, CBS News Sunday Morning)
 * Alexis Hoag – Legal Contributor
 * Hua Hsu – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Rikki Klieman – Legal Analyst
 * Conor Knighton – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Ted Koppel – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Ben Mankiewicz – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Wynton Marsalis – Cultural Correspondent
 * David Pogue – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Lonnie Quinn – CBS Evening News Weather Contributor
 * Mo Rocca – Correspondent, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Faith Salie – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Kelefa Sanneh – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Bob Schieffer – Political Contributor
 * Ben Stein – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning
 * Jamie Wax – Contributor
 * Jon Wertheim – Correspondent, 60 Minutes
 * Mark Whitaker – Contributor, CBS News Sunday Morning

Current radio personalities

 * Elaine Cobb – CBS News Radio Correspondent (based in Paris)
 * Pam Coulter – CBS News Radio Correspondent
 * Lucy Craft – CBS News Radio Correspondent (based in Tokyo)
 * Steve Dorsey – CBS News Radio Executive Editor
 * Pamela Falk – CBS News Radio Correspondent (based in New York)
 * Wendy Gillette – CBS News Radio Correspondent
 * Allison Keyes – Host, CBS News Weekend Roundup
 * Stacy Lyn – CBS News Radio Anchor/ Reporter
 * Cami McCormick – CBS News Radio National Security and Foreign Affairs Correspondent
 * Steven Portnoy – CBS News Radio White House Correspondent
 * Bill Rehkopf – CBS News Radio Correspondent

Current Newspath correspondents

 * Debra Alfarone – Correspondent (based in Washington, D.C.)
 * Danya Bacchus – Correspondent (based in Los Angeles)
 * Cristian Benavides – Correspondent (based in Miami)
 * Natalie Brand – Correspondent (based in Washington, D.C.)
 * Dina Demetrius – Correspondent (based in Los Angeles)
 * Michael George – Correspondent (based in New York)
 * Diane King Hall – MoneyWatch Correspondent (based in New York)
 * Tom Hanson – Correspondent (based in New York)
 * Skyler Henry – Correspondent (based in Washington, D.C.)
 * Nichelle Medina – Correspondent (based in Los Angeles)
 * Laura Podesta – Correspondent (based in New York)
 * Anthony Pura – Correspondent (based in Los Angeles)
 * Elise Preston – Correspondent (based in Los Angeles)
 * Femi Redwood – Correspondent (based in New York)
 * Naomi Ruchim – Correspondent (based in New York)

Past correspondents
+ – deceased
 * Betsy Aaron
 * Jim Acosta – now at CNN
 * Jacqueline Adams
 * Martin Agronsky +
 * Craig Allen (now at WCBS (AM) in New York City and News 12 Networks)
 * Bob Allison +
 * David Andelman – now at CNN
 * Bob Arnot (later at NBC News and MSNBC)
 * Jennifer Ashton – now at ABC News
 * Thalia Assuras
 * Sharyl Attkisson
 * José Díaz-Balart – (now at Telemundo and at NBC News)
 * Roberta Baskin – (later at WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C.)
 * Nelson Benton +
 * Lowell Bergman – now retired
 * Derrick Blakley (later at WBBM-TV)
 * Regina Blakely
 * Cynthia Bowers
 * Betty Ann Bowser +
 * Ed Bradley (1971–2006)+
 * Ray Brady +
 * Marvin Breckinridge Patterson +
 * Heywood Hale Broun +
 * Cecil Brown +
 * Terrell Brown (now at WLS-TV in Chicago)
 * Mika Brzezinski – now at MSNBC
 * Winston Burdett +
 * Ned Calmer +
 * Gretchen Carlson – later at Fox News
 * Julie Chen – host of Big Brother
 * Sylvia Chase
 * Connie Chung (retired)
 * Lou Cioffi +
 * Blair Clark +
 * Mandy Clark
 * Michele Clark +
 * Jane Clayson (1999–2008; now at NPR)
 * Ron Cochran +
 * Charles Collingwood +
 * Victoria Corderi – now at NBC News
 * Katie Couric (2006–2011; later at ABC News; now at Yahoo News
 * Kenneth Craig 2015–2020
 * Walter Cronkite (1950–1980s)+
 * Frank Currier +
 * Don Dahler
 * John Charles Daly +
 * Faith Daniels
 * Randy Daniels
 * Priya David
 * Morton Dean (retired)
 * David Dick +
 * Nancy Dickerson +
 * Linda Douglass
 * Harold Dow (1972–2010)+
 * Bill Downs +
 * Kimberly Dozier (now at The Daily Beast and CNN)
 * Terry Drinkwater +
 * Jed Duvall
 * Douglas Edwards +
 * Eric Engberg +
 * Tom Fenton (now retired) +
 * Giselle Fernández
 * John Ferrugia (now at Rocky Mountain PBS)
 * Murray Fromson +
 * Monica Gayle – now at WJBK (now retired)
 * Phyllis George +
 * Kendis Gibson – now at NBC News
 * Michelle Gielan
 * Christopher Glenn +
 * Bernard Goldberg (now at Fox News and at HBO Sports)
 * Julianna Goldman
 * Bianna Golodryga (now at CNN)
 * Fred Graham +
 * Jeff Greenfield (now at PBS)
 * Bryant Gumbel – now at HBO Sports
 * Tony Guida – now at CUNY TV
 * Bruce Hall
 * Nanette Hansen
 * John Hart (retired)
 * Celia Hatton
 * David Henderson
 * George Herman +
 * Catherine Herridge
 * Erica Hill – now at HLN
 * Sandy Hill
 * Don Hollenbeck +
 * Richard C. Hottelet +
 * Allan Jackson +
 * Rebecca Jarvis – now at ABC News
 * Whit Johnson – now at ABC News
 * Phil Jones
 * Gordon Joseloff +
 * Bernard Kalb (retired)+
 * Marvin Kalb (later at NBC News; now retired)
 * Peter Kalischer +
 * H.V. Kaltenborn +
 * Hattie Kauffman
 * Frank Kearns +
 * Alexander Kendrick +
 * Dana King (later at KPIX-TV in San Francisco; now retired)
 * Jeffrey Kofman (later at ABC News; now retired)
 * Steve Kroft (now retired)
 * Robert Krulwich (now at NPR)
 * Charles Kuralt +
 * Bill Kurtis (later at WBBM-TV in Chicago now retired)
 * John Laurence (later at ABC News)
 * Mola Lenghi (now at ABC News)
 * Bill Leonard +
 * Larry LeSueur +
 * Stan Levey +
 * Lara Logan
 * Bill Lynch
 * Vicki Mabrey
 * Sheila MacVicar
 * Maureen Maher
 * Paul Manning +
 * Carol Marin – now at WMAQ-TV
 * Chris Mavridis
 * Lark McCarthy
 * Melissa McDermott
 * Mark McEwen
 * Susan McGinnis
 * Derek McGinty – later at WUSA
 * Jim McKay (later at CBS Sports; and at ABC Sports)+
 * Bob McKeown (now at CBC News)
 * Bill McLaughlin +
 * Marya McLaughlin +
 * Russ Mitchell – now at WKYC
 * DeMarco Morgan - now at ABC News
 * Edward P. Morgan +
 * Bruce Morton +
 * Bill Moyers – now at PBS
 * Roger Mudd +
 * Edward R. Murrow +
 * Reena Ninan
 * Paul K. Niven Jr. +
 * Betty Nguyen – (later at NBC News and MSNBC; now at WPIX in New York City)
 * Deborah Norville – now weekday anchor, Inside Edition
 * Stuart Novins +
 * Bill O'Reilly (later at Fox News; now at Newsmax)
 * Charles Osgood +
 * Ike Pappas +
 * Jeff Pegues
 * Barry Petersen
 * Terry Phillips
 * Robert Pierpoint +
 * Randall Pinkston (1990–2013; later at Al Jazeera America)
 * Byron Pitts (now at ABC News)
 * Bill Plante (1964–2016) +
 * George Polk +
 * Ned Potter (later at ABC News)
 * Dave Price – now at WNBC
 * Jane Bryant Quinn
 * Sally Quinn
 * Bert Quint
 * Ed Rabel
 * Art Rascon – (1994–1998; later with KTRK-TV)
 * Dan Rather – (1962–2006; now at AXS TV)
 * Harry Reasoner (1956–1970; 1978–1991)+
 * Trish Regan – most recently with Fox Business
 * Paula Reid – now at CNN
 * Dean Reynolds
 * Frank Reynolds (1953–1965; later at ABC News)+
 * Jane Robelot – now at WYFF-TV
 * John Roberts (later at CNN; now at Fox News)
 * Troy Roberts - (1993–2017; now at NBC News)
 * Norman Robinson (now retired)
 * Maggie Rodriguez (now with WFLA-TV in Tampa )
 * Andy Rooney (1949–1970; 1973–2011)+
 * Charlie Rose – co-anchor, CBS News Nightwatch, CBS This Morning and Person to Person (1984–1990; 2012–2017)
 * Richard Roth, (1972–2010) based in Moscow, Rome, Los Angeles, New York and London
 * Hughes Rudd +
 * Morley Safer – co-editor, 60 Minutes (1964–2016)+
 * Marlene Sanders +
 * Diane Sawyer – now at ABC News
 * Forrest Sawyer – (later at ABC News and then at MSNBC)
 * Stephen Schiff
 * David Schoenbrun +
 * Daniel Schorr +
 * David Schoumacher (later at ABC News; then at WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C.; now retired)
 * Barry Serafin – (later at ABC News; now retired)
 * Don Hewitt +
 * Eric Sevareid +
 * Bill Shadel +
 * Bernard Shaw (later at ABC News; then at CNN)+
 * John Sheahan
 * Gary Shepard
 * William L. Shirer +
 * Lewis Shollenberger+
 * Maria Shriver – now at NBC News
 * Daniel Sieberg
 * Bob Simon +
 * Bob Sirott
 * Harry Smith – now at NBC News
 * Howard K. Smith +
 * Terence Smith (now retired)
 * Joan Snyder +
 * Bianca Solorzano
 * Hari Sreenivasan – now weekend anchor, PBS Newshour
 * John Stehr – lead anchor at WTHR until retirement in 2018/Currently Mayor of Zionsville, Indiana.
 * Alison Stewart (now at PBS)
 * Hannah Storm – now at ESPN and ESPN on ABC
 * Bill Stout +
 * Kathleen Sullivan (later at E! News)
 * Rene Syler (now at Aspire)
 * Lowell Thomas +
 * Richard Threlkeld +
 * Dallas Townsend +
 * Liz Trotta
 * Robert Trout +
 * Lem Tucker +
 * Meredith Vieira – later at NBC News
 * Mireya Villarreal (now at ABC News)
 * Alex Wagner
 * Richard Wagner
 * Jane Wallace
 * Kelly Wallace
 * Mike Wallace +
 * Clarissa Ward – now at CNN
 * John Blackstone
 * Chris Wragge – now at WCBS-TV
 * Nick Young (now retired)
 * Steve Young
 * Paula Zahn (later at CNN; now at Investigation Discovery)

Presidents of CBS News

 * Richard S. Salant (1961–1964)
 * Fred W. Friendly (1964–1966)
 * Richard S. Salant (1966–1979)
 * Bill Leonard (1979–1982)
 * Van Gordon Sauter (1982–1983)
 * Ed Joyce (1983–1986)
 * Van Gordon Sauter (1986)
 * Howard Stringer (1986–1988)
 * David W. Burke (1988–1990)
 * Eric Ober (1990–1996)
 * Andrew Heyward (1996–2005)
 * Sean McManus (2005–2011)
 * David Rhodes (2011–2019)
 * Susan Zirinsky (2019–2021)
 * Neeraj Khemlani (2021–2023)
 * Ingrid Ciprian-Matthews (2023-2024)

Reporting partnerships
In 2017, CBS News entered into a content-sharing agreement with BBC News, respectively replacing previous arrangements between the BBC and ABC News, and CBS and Sky News (which was partially controlled by 21st Century Fox until 2018 when ownership was then transferred to Comcast). The partnership includes the ability to share resources, footage, and reports, and conduct "efficient planning of news gathering resources to increase the content of each broadcaster's coverage of world events".

Although they do not have an official partnership, CNN and CBS News share correspondents and contributors such as Anderson Cooper and Sanjay Gupta.

In 2022, CBS News entered into a content-sharing partnership with The Weather Channel, where The Weather Channel meteorologists will appear on CBS News programs, and CBS News correspondents will appear during live coverage of weather events on The Weather Channel.

Controversies
Throughout the years, numerous conservative activists have accused CBS News of perpetuating a liberal bias in its news coverage.

title: CBS News


text:
California University

California University may refer to:

Public

 * University of California, a public university system in California, United States
 * Campuses: Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz
 * Regents of the University of California, the governing board of the university system
 * University of California Press, the academic publishing company of the university system
 * California State University, a public university system in California, United States
 * List of 23 campuses
 * California Community Colleges, a public community college system in California, United States
 * List of 115 colleges
 * Pennsylvania Western University, California, a public university in California borough, Pennsylvania

Private

 * California University of Management and Sciences, a private university in Anaheim, California
 * California University of Management and Technology, a private unaccredited tertiary education provider in Sunnyvale, California.
 * California University of Science and Medicine, a private medical school in San Bernardino, California
 * Marymount California University, a defunct private Catholic university in Rancho Palos Verdes, California
 * California Miramar University, a private for-profit university in San Diego, California
 * California Lutheran University, a private university in Thousand Oaks, California
 * Dominican University of California, a private university in San Rafael, California

title: California University


text:
Michael Meacher

Michael Hugh Meacher (4 November 1939 – 20 October 2015) was a British politician who served as a government minister under Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Tony Blair. A member of the Labour Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Oldham West and Royton, previously Oldham West, from 1970 until his death in 2015.

Before entering politics, Meacher was a lecturer in social administration at the University of Essex and the University of York.

Early life and education
Meacher was born in Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire on 4 November 1939, into a family with links to brewing and agriculture. He was the only child of (George) Hubert Meacher and his wife Doris (née Foxell). His father worked in finance, before a breakdown saw him return to the family farm. With the family having little money, his mother took in lodgers and worked for a local doctor; she had aspirations for Michael to become an Anglican priest. Hubert Meacher's first cousin was the judge Clement Bailhache.

Meacher was educated at Berkhamsted School, at the time an all-boys independent school, to which he won a scholarship. He then studied at New College, Oxford where he graduated with a first-class honours degree in classics and divinity, and at the London School of Economics, where he gained a Diploma in Social Administration.

Life and career
Meacher became a researcher and lecturer in social administration at the Essex and York universities and wrote a book about elderly people's treatment in mental hospitals. He was the Labour Party candidate for Colchester at the 1966 general election, and fought the 1968 Oldham West by-election following the resignation of Labour MP Leslie Hale but lost to Conservative candidate Bruce Campbell.

Junior minister and Shadow Cabinet
Meacher was first elected to Parliament in 1970 for Oldham West, reversing his previous defeat, and served as a junior minister under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan (Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Industry, 1974–75; Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Health and Social Security, 1975–79).

During Labour's time in opposition, he was in the Shadow cabinet for fourteen years, and concurrently lectured at the LSE. He was seen as a figure on the left and an ally of Tony Benn, and stood as the left's candidate against Roy Hattersley in the 1983 deputy leadership election.

Blair Ministry
Meacher was an elected member of the Shadow Cabinet from 1983 to 1997, but Tony Blair refused to appoint him to the Cabinet, and instead made him Minister of State for the Environment, first at the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (1997–2001), then at the renamed Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2001–2003).

Despite Blair's hostility, Meacher gained a reputation for being a politician who was on top of a complex brief and was one of the longest serving ministers in the same job in the Labour Government, from 1997 to 2003. He was criticised for hypocrisy when he condemned second home owners; according to the BBC and Channel 4's The Mark Thomas Comedy Product, he and his wife owned more than five homes themselves.

Political activities after 2003
Meacher was sacked in June 2003, and replaced by Elliot Morley. He subsequently attacked the Labour government on a number of issues, particularly over genetically modified food and the 2003 Iraq War, though in the run-up to the invasion he had accepted reports by the intelligence services and government, saying that Iraq had chemical weapons.

Meacher claimed that a supposed absence of prevention by United States authorities of the September 11 attacks was "suspicious" and "offered an extremely convenient pretext" for subsequent military action in Afghanistan and Iraq. This was seen as giving "credence to conspiracy theories" as claimed by The Guardian. Meacher also wrote a foreword for David Ray Griffin's book The New Pearl Harbor.

In May 2005, Meacher introduced an early day motion on climate change, which called upon the government to commit to yearly CO2 emission reductions of 3%.

In June 2006 various articles appeared in the British media claiming Meacher would stand as a stalking horse against Tony Blair in order to initiate a leadership contest; others suggested, especially after Gordon Brown came out in support of the Trident missile programme and nuclear energy, that Meacher would challenge Brown from the left. On 23 September 2006, Meacher became the sixth Labour MP to start a blog. Meacher also wrote articles for ePolitix.com, which included criticism of Blair and Brown for perceived right-wing policies, including privatisation. He also called for a more conciliatory policy in the Middle East, attempts to tackle income inequality, and a greater commitment to reducing energy use.

On 22 February 2007, Meacher declared that he would be standing, challenging Brown and John McDonnell. However, on 14 May, after talks with McDonnell, he announced he would stand aside in order to back McDonnell as the "candidate of the left".

In December 2013, Meacher attacked the firm Atos and its Work Capability Assessments of disabled people carried out on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions, in a sustained campaign documented through his blog. Meacher was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the leadership election of 2015.

Leadership bid
On 22 February 2007, Meacher declared his intention to stand for the leadership of the Labour Party. The decisions of both Meacher and John McDonnell to run for the leadership were controversial with many accusing Meacher of trying to split the nominations and keep McDonnell off the ballot paper, although neither candidate was thought to have any chance of winning the contest.

On 21 April 2007, The Guardian claimed that Meacher had the support of no more than three MPs and that his campaign was "virtually dead in the water".

On 27 April 2007, it was reported that Meacher had reached an agreement with McDonnell that upon the day Blair announced his resignation, whichever of the two had fewer nominations would step aside and allow the other to challenge Gordon Brown. On 14 May 2007, Meacher agreed to stand aside to allow McDonnell to be the sole leadership candidate of the left. Subsequent articles reported that Meacher had 21 declarations of support while McDonnell had 24. In the Labour Party's leadership nomination process, McDonnell received nominations from 29 MPs.

Outside Parliament
Meacher appeared as himself in one episode of the BBC drama serial Edge of Darkness (1985).

In June 1988, Meacher lost a libel action against journalist Alan Watkins, who had written an article in November 1984 that included the remark that Meacher "likes to claim that he is the son of an agricultural labourer, though I understand that his father was an accountant who retired to work on the family farm because the life suited him better."

Meacher was a member of Political Leaders for 9/11 Truth, which petitioned President Obama for an independent investigation into the September 11 attacks not led by "individuals closely aligned with, or even employed by, the Bush-Cheney administration."

Meacher was a member of the Fabian Society.

Personal life
Meacher married Molly Reid in 1962; they had four children and divorced in 1987. The following year, he married Lucianne Sawyer. In January 2001, he faced claims of political hypocrisy, when it was revealed that he and Lucianne owned at least nine buy to let properties as investments.

Meacher died from lung cancer at St George's Hospital in London on 20 October 2015, at the age of 75, and was buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery.

title: Michael Meacher


text:
Phil Piratin

Philip Piratin (15 May 1907 – 10 December 1995) was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and one of the four CPGB Members of Parliament during the first thirty years of its existence. (The others were Shapurji Saklatvala, Walton Newbold and Willie Gallacher.)

Political career
Piratin was the son of a small local tradesman and attended Davenant Foundation School. He became a Communist activist, anti-fascist and defender of tenants' rights, a leading member of the Stepney Tenants Defence League. Of Jewish origin, he was the leader of the opposition to Oswald Mosley's antisemitism and his British Union of Fascists' marches through East London. Piratin was elected to Stepney Borough Council in 1937 and was Chairman of the borough's Communist Party. During World War II, he gained further notice by leading 100 people to shelter from the Blitz in the basement of the Savoy Hotel, to persuade the Government to open the London Underground stations to anyone sheltering from the bombing, a practice which the Government had previously ruled out, but which then became widespread.

Piratin was elected at the 1945 General Election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Mile End in Stepney, becoming one of the last two CPGB MPs. In Parliament, he worked with several left-wing Labour MPs, some of whom would be expelled by their party as crypto-communists and form the Labour Independent Group. He was defeated when he stood for re-election in 1950 in the new constituency of Stepney; his old seat of Mile End had been abolished due to boundary changes.

Until 1957, Piratin was the circulation manager of the communist newspaper The Daily Worker, but he left early that year, ostensibly over a matter of process. However, in 1991 he told Alison Macleod about his doubts at the time: "In 1956, Phil said, he drove to Oxford, to defend the Party line on Hungary at a meeting of undergraduates. He got as far as outside the hall, stopped – and drove home again. Phil remained in the Party, but he never again worked for it full time. Piratin later became a businessman."

Publications

 * Phil Piratin; Our Flag Stays Red, Thames, London (1948).

title: Phil Piratin


text:
John Stonehouse

John Thomson Stonehouse (28 July 1925 – 14 April 1988) was a British Labour and Co-operative Party politician, businessman and minister who attended the cabinet of Prime Minister Harold Wilson. He is remembered for his unsuccessful attempt at faking his own death in 1974. It is also alleged that Stonehouse had been an agent for Czechoslovak military intelligence.

Early life and education
John Thomson Stonehouse was born on 28 July 1925 in Southampton, the second son and youngest of four children of Post Office engineer and later dockyard engine-fitter William Mitchell Stonehouse, and Rosina Marie (née Taylor). His father was local secretary of his trade union; Stonehouse joined the Labour Party at the age of sixteen. His mother, a former scullery maid, was the sixth female mayor of Southampton and a councillor on Southampton City Council from 1936 to 1970.

Stonehouse was educated at Taunton's School (now Richard Taunton Sixth Form College), Southampton, and served as a Royal Air Force pilot from 1944 until 1946. He then attended the London School of Economics (LSE), where he read for a BSc (Econ.) degree. During his time at the LSE, he was chairman of both the chess club and the Labour society. The political scientist Bernard Crick, who was a contemporary of Stonehouse at university, recalls that his then nickname was 'Lord John', and that "his conversation was openly and restlessly about how best to get a parliamentary seat."

Political career
Stonehouse stood unsuccessfully in Norwood at the 1949 London County Council election. He was first elected as the Labour Co-operative Member of Parliament (MP) for Wednesbury in Staffordshire in a 1957 by-election, having contested Twickenham in 1950 and Burton in 1951.

In February 1959, Stonehouse travelled to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland on a fact-finding tour in which he condemned the white minority government of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Speaking to the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress, he encouraged Rhodesian blacks to stand up for their rights and said they had the support of the British Labour Party. Stonehouse was promptly deported from Southern Rhodesia and banned from returning a year later.

Stonehouse served as a junior minister of aviation, where he was involved in the British Overseas Airways Corporation's order of Boeing 707 aircraft from the United States, against his own recommendation that they should buy the Super Vickers VC10, a British-made aircraft. This led to accusations by Stonehouse against colleagues about the reasons for the decision. In March 1968, Stonehouse negotiated an agreement providing a framework for the long-term development of technological co-operation between Britain and Czechoslovakia providing for the exchange of specialists and information, facilities for study and research in technology, and such other forms of industrial co-operation which might be agreed.

Stonehouse's rise continued while in the Colonial Office, and in 1967 he became Minister for Technology under Wilson. He later served as Postmaster General until the position was abolished by the Post Office Act 1969.

As Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in 1970, Stonehouse oversaw the controversial jamming of the offshore radio station Radio North Sea International. When Labour was defeated at the 1970 general election, he was not appointed to the Shadow Cabinet.

When the Wednesbury constituency was abolished in 1974, Stonehouse stood for and was elected to the nearby Walsall North constituency in the February general election. With Labour now governing in minority, another election was called in September, and Stonehouse was re-elected with an increased majority of nearly 16,000 in the October election, just six weeks before his disappearance. Stonehouse's last Parliamentary contribution before his disappearance was at Prime Minister's Questions on 14 November 1974, before leaving for Miami, Florida, a few days later.

Spy allegations
Stonehouse allegedly began spying for Czechoslovakia in 1962. In a meeting with Harold Wilson in 1969, Stonehouse was informed of assertions that he was a Czechoslovak secret service agent; the informant was a defector from the Czechoslovak secret service, who had been debriefed by the US security services. At that time, Stonehouse successfully defended himself. In 2009, the spy allegation was substantiated in the official history of MI5, The Defence of the Realm (2009) by Cambridge historian Christopher Andrew. In December 2010, it was revealed that Margaret Thatcher had agreed to cover up revelations that Stonehouse had been a Czechoslovak spy in 1980, as there was insufficient evidence to bring him to trial. Until the 2012 exposure of Ray Mawby, briefly a member of a Conservative government, Stonehouse was the only Minister known to have been an agent for the former Eastern bloc.

Business interests
Having lost his ministerial salary in 1970, Stonehouse set up various companies in an attempt to supplement his salary as an MP. By 1974 most of these companies were facing financial trouble, and Stonehouse had resorted to deceptive creative accounting. Aware that the Department of Trade and Industry was looking at his affairs, Stonehouse decided that his best choice would be to flee. Secret government documents, declassified in 2005, indicate that Stonehouse spent months rehearsing his new identity as 'Joseph Markham', the deceased husband of a constituent.

Faking own death
Stonehouse maintained the pretence of normality until he faked his death on 20 November 1974, leaving a pile of clothes on a beach in Miami to make it appear that he had suffered a fatal misadventure while swimming. Stonehouse was presumed dead, and obituaries were published in British newspapers despite the fact that no corpse had been found. In reality, Stonehouse was en route to Australia, some 9000 mi away, hoping to set up a new life with his mistress and secretary, Sheila Buckley.

Using false identities, Stonehouse set about transferring large sums of money between banks as a further means of covering his tracks. Under the name of 'Clive Mildoon', he deposited A$21,500 in cash at the Bank of New Zealand. The teller who handled the money later spotted 'Mildoon' at the Bank of New South Wales. Inquiries led the teller to learn that the money was in the name of 'Joseph Markham', and he informed the local police. Stonehouse visited Copenhagen with Buckley around this time and returned to Australia unaware that he was now under surveillance. The Australian police initially suspected him of being Lord Lucan, who had disappeared a fortnight before Stonehouse, following the murder of his children's nanny. They contacted Scotland Yard, requesting pictures of both Lucan and Stonehouse. On his arrest, the police instructed Stonehouse to pull down his trousers in an attempt to establish whether or not he was Lucan, who had a 6 in scar on the inside of his right thigh.

Arrest and aftermath
Stonehouse was arrested in Melbourne on 24 December 1974. He applied for the position of Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds while still in Australia (one of the ways for an MP to resign), but decided not to sign the papers. On 17 July 1975, Stonehouse was extradited to the UK, escorted by Scotland Yard officers. He was remanded in Brixton Prison until August 1975 when he was released on bail. Stonehouse continued to serve as an MP; on 20 October 1975 he made a personal statement to the House of Commons, stating his reasons for his disappearance, his first Parliamentary oration since his disappearance almost a year earlier:

"The explanation for the extraordinary and bizarre conduct in the second half of last year is found in the progressions towards the complete mental breakdown which I suffered. This breakdown was analysed by an eminent psychiatrist in Australia and was described by him as psychiatric suicide. It took the form of the repudiation of the life of Stonehouse because that life had become absolutely intolerable to him. A new parallel personality took over—separate and apart from the original man, who was resented and despised by the parallel personality for the ugly humbug and sham of the recent years of his public life. The parallel personality was uncluttered by the awesome tensions and stresses suffered by the original man, and he felt, as an ordinary person, a tremendous relief in not carrying the load of anguish which had burdened the public figure. The collapse and destruction of the original man came about because his idealism in his political life had been utterly frustrated and finally destroyed by the pattern of events, beyond his control, which had finally overwhelmed him."

Although unhappy with the situation, the Labour Party did not expel Stonehouse as their parliamentary majority was very narrow. On 4 April 1976 Stonehouse attended a St George's Day festival hosted by the English National Party; he later confirmed he had joined the party, making Labour a minority government.

Stonehouse conducted his own defence on twenty-one charges of fraud, theft, forgery, conspiracy to defraud, causing a false police investigation and wasting police time. His trial lasted 68 days. On 6 August 1976, Stonehouse was convicted and sentenced to seven years in prison for fraud, and received a criminal bankruptcy order. He agreed to resign as a Privy Counsellor on 17 August 1976, becoming one of only three people to resign from the Privy Council in the 20th century. Stonehouse tendered his resignation via the Chiltern Hundreds route from the House of Commons on 27 August 1976. The subsequent by-election was won by Robin Hodgson, a Conservative. In October 1976, Stonehouse was declared bankrupt.

Stonehouse was imprisoned in HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs. On 30 June 1977, the House of Lords refused his appeal against five of the charges of which he was convicted. While he was in prison, Stonehouse complained that the prison workshop where he worked played a pop music radio station. When his health deteriorated, he was moved to HM Prison Blundeston in Suffolk.

Health problems
On 14 August 1979, Stonehouse was released early because of good behaviour and because he had suffered three heart attacks; he had the first on 18 April 1977, a second one four days later, and a massive heart attack on 13 August 1978. On 6 September 1978 Stonehouse suffered a coronary ischemia attack which required him to spend three days in hospital. He underwent open heart surgery on 7 November 1978 which lasted for six hours.

After release
From January 1980, Stonehouse was a volunteer fundraiser for the East London-based charity, Community Links. He joined the Social Democratic Party (SDP), which later amalgamated with the Liberal Party to become the Liberal Democrats. In June 1980, he was discharged from bankruptcy.

Stonehouse wrote three novels and numerous television and radio appearances during the rest of his life, mostly in connection with discussing his disappearance. In June 1986 he appeared on TVS's Regrets programme and in December that year on the BBC Radio 4 interview programme In The Psychiatrist's Chair with Anthony Clare.

Personal life
Stonehouse married Barbara Joan Smith in 1948, and they had two daughters, Jane and Julia, and a son, Mathew. After their divorce in 1978, Stonehouse married his mistress, Sheila Elizabeth Buckley (nee Black), in Hampshire on 31 January 1981. In December 1982 their son James William John was born.

Stonehouse's daughter Julia published an account of her father's life in 2021 entitled John Stonehouse, My Father: The True Story of the Runaway MP; it was released almost simultaneously with a book called Stonehouse: Cabinet Minister, Fraudster, Spy, by criminal defence solicitor Julian Hayes, who is Stonehouse's great nephew through the author's father, Michael Hayes, who was the MP's nephew and his lawyer. Julia has an eponymous website in which she questions the veracity of other books and broadcasts about her father.

Death
On 25 March 1988, Stonehouse collapsed on set during an edition of Central Weekend in Birmingham during the filming of a programme about missing people. He was given emergency medical treatment at the studio and an ambulance was called. He was diagnosed as having suffered a minor heart attack and kept in the city's general hospital overnight. Just under three weeks later, early on 14 April, he suffered a massive heart attack at his house at Dales Way in Totton, Hampshire, where he had moved six months earlier, having lived in London since his release from prison, his last address there having been at 20 Shirland Mews. This time Stonehouse could not be saved, and he died in hospital at 2:30am. He was cremated in Bassett Green, Southampton, on 22 April 1988. The former MP Bruce Douglas-Mann paid tribute. In 1989, his fourth novel was published posthumously. He left under £70,000 according to his will published on 17 August 1988.

TV series
The British ITV series  Stonehouse, a dramatization of Stonehouse's story, was first broadcast from 2 to 4 January 2023. The series starred Matthew Macfadyen and Keeley Hawes and was directed by Jon S. Baird from a script by John Preston.

title: John Stonehouse


text:
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos

Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, the seashore mallow, also known as the saltmarsh mallow, sweat weed, Virginia saltmarsh mallow, or hibiscus à cinq carpelles, is an herb found in marshes along the eastern seashore of North America, parts of coastal Southern Europe, southwestern Russia, and Western Asia.

Taxonomy
This flowering plant is in family Malvaceae of the order Malvales. Populations in North America were previously known as Kosteletzkya virginica to distinguish them from the Eurasian K. pentacarpos, but both species were merged in 2008 due being morphologically identical to one another.

Description
The pink-flowered seashore mallow is both a perennial and a halophyte, or salt-tolerant plant, that grows in areas where other plants cannot. The plant can grow to above 1 metre in height, the leaves are 6–14 cm long, cordate to lanceolate with toothed margins. The stems and leaves are hairy. Flowers are 5–8 cm across, with 5 petals surrounding a tube consisting of the fused stamens and style. It blooms from July to October with pale to deep pink flowers. It is occasionally planted in gardens.

Distribution
This species is found throughout much of the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines of eastern North America, from New York south to Cuba, east to Bermuda, and west to Texas. It also has a fragmented distribution along the Mediterranean shoreline of southern Europe, including parts of coastal Spain & Italy, the Balearic Islands, and Corsica. Populations in northern Italy are thought to be introduced. One very small population is known from Georgia, on the coast of the Black Sea. It is also found along the western and southern shorelines of the Caspian Sea in Iran and Azerbaijan. This species is also found along the Volga and Don Rivers in southwestern Russia, but it is unknown whether these populations have natural origins.

Threats
While this species is common throughout its North American range, populations in Eurasia are rare and have been severely fragmented by agricultural and urban development, and over the past few decades it has been lost from many localities where it was previously known.

Uses
In ancient Transcaucasia, K. pentacarpos and Hibiscus ponticus were abundant enough to be harvested in large numbers for their strong stem fibers, which were useful for making ropes and nets. In addition, studies indicate that K. pentacarpos is a potentially useful species for phytoremediation of saline soils polluted by metalloids, and can also facilitate the transition of coastal agricultural land to wetlands following sea level rise.

title: Kosteletzkya pentacarpos


text:
The Life of David Gale

The Life of David Gale is a 2003 crime thriller film directed and co-produced by Alan Parker, written by Charles Randolph, co-produced by Nicolas Cage, and starring Kevin Spacey as the title character, a college professor and longtime activist against capital punishment who is sentenced to death for killing a fellow capital punishment opponent; Kate Winslet, Laura Linney, and Gabriel Mann co-star. The film, an international co-production between the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, was Parker's final film before his retirement, and subsequent death in 2020.

Released in the United States on February 21, 2003, it received mostly negative reviews from critics and grossed just $38.9 million against its $38 million budget.

Plot
David Gale is a former professor on death row in Texas. With only a few days until his execution, his lawyer negotiates a half-million dollar fee to tell his story to Bitsey Bloom, a journalist from a major news network. She has a reputation of keeping secrets and protecting her sources. He tells her his story revealed through a series of flashbacks.

In 1994, Gale is a successful intellectual and the head of the philosophy department at the University of Texas at Austin. He is an active member of DeathWatch, an advocacy group campaigning against capital punishment. At a graduation party, he encounters Berlin, a graduate student who has been expelled from the school. When Gale gets drunk, she seduces him and they have rough sex. She then falsely accuses Gale of rape. The next day, he loses a televised debate with the Governor of Texas when he is unable to name any innocent people executed during the governor's term. Gale is arrested, but the charge is dropped when Berlin disappears. However, his marriage, career, and reputation are all destroyed. Gale struggles with alcoholism after his wife Sharon takes their son with her to Spain and disallows contact.

Constance Harraway, a fellow DeathWatch activist, is a close friend of Gale who consoles him after his life falls apart. However, Harraway is discovered raped and murdered, suffocated by a plastic bag taped over her head. An autopsy reveals Gale's semen in her body and that she had been forced to swallow the key to the handcuffs, a torture technique which Gale previously wrote about. The physical evidence at the crime scene points to Gale, who is convicted of rape and murder and is sentenced to death.

In the present, Bloom investigates the case in between her visits with Gale. Gale maintains his innocence, claiming he and Harraway had consensual sex the night before her murder. Bloom comes to believe that the apparent evidence against Gale does not add up. She is tailed several times in her car by Dusty Wright, an alleged one-time lover and colleague of Harraway, whom she suspects was the real killer. Wright slips evidence to Bloom that suggests Gale has been framed, implying that the actual murderer videotaped the crime. Bloom pursues this lead until she finds a tape revealing that Harraway, who was suffering from terminal leukemia, had committed an elaborate suicide made to look like murder. Wright is seen on the videotape, acting as her accomplice, implying that they framed Gale as part of a plan to discredit the death penalty by conspiring to execute an innocent person, and subsequently releasing evidence of the actual circumstances.

Once Bloom and her aide find this evidence, only hours remain until Gale's scheduled execution. She tries to give the tape to the authorities in time to stop the execution. She arrives at the Huntsville Unit just as the warden announces that the execution has been carried out. The tape is subsequently released, causing a media and political uproar over the execution of an innocent man. Later, Wright receives the money that Bloom's magazine agreed to pay for the interview, and delivers it to Sharon, along with a postcard from Berlin confessing that the rape accusation that derailed Gale's life and career was false. Sharon looks distraught, knowing Gale told the truth and that she effectively stole their child away from him.

Later, a videotape labeled "Off the Record" is delivered to Bloom. This tape shows Harraway's suicide and Gale deliberately leaving his fingerprints on the plastic bag in the process. He then looks at the camera and ends the recording, leaving Bloom stunned with the truth that the couple deliberately sacrificed themselves to discredit capital punishment.

Production
The Life of David Gale was shot in multiple places, including several notable locations in Austin, Barcelona, and Huntsville, Texas, such as Sam Houston State University, Ellis Unit, The University of Texas at Austin, and Plaça Reial.

Laura Linney said the scene in the kitchen where she's handcuffed naked was one of the roughest scenes she has ever done.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes The Life of David Gale holds an approval rating of 19% based on 157 reviews, with an average rating of 4.4/10. The critics consensus reads, "Instead of offering a convincing argument against the death penalty, this implausible, convoluted thriller pounds the viewer over the head with its message." At Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 31 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film a rare zero stars and stated in his review "I am sure the filmmakers believe their film is against the death penalty. I believe it supports it and hopes to discredit the opponents of the penalty as unprincipled fraudsters.… Spacey and Parker are honorable men. Why did they go to Texas and make this silly movie? The last shot made me want to throw something at the screen – maybe Spacey and Parker." Ebert's At the Movies co-host Richard Roeper positively reviewed the film calling it "A dazzling mess."

Soundtrack
The soundtrack (composed by Alex and Jake Parker) has been used in various film trailers, specifically the tracks "The Life of David Gale" and "Almost Martyrs". The score has been used in the trailers for World Trade Center, Munich, In the Valley of Elah, Milk,  The Artist and The Iron Lady.

Perceptions on capital punishment
In the Philippines, long-time senator and 2022 presidential aspirant Ping Lacson credited this film in changing his mind on capital punishment. Lacson, who previously served as the nation's chief of police, was a staunch advocate of capital offense for heinous crimes. However, after seeing the film on Netflix, he said that "my eyes were opened…that it is more important to save the life of someone innocent and convicted than to execute someone who is really convicted and proven to have committed a crime." Afterwards, he withdrew his authorship of a bill proposing the death penalty for heinous crimes.

title: The Life of David Gale