text:
Zoé Laurier

Zoé, Lady Laurier ( Lafontaine; June 26, 1841 – November 1, 1921), was the wife of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the seventh Prime Minister of Canada.

Biography
Zoé Lafontaine was born on 27 June 1841 to Godefroy-Napoleon Robert Lafontaine and Zoé Tessier dite Lavigne in Montreal. She was baptized on 28 June at the Notre-Dame Basilica.

In Montreal, Lafontaine was educated at the School of the Bon Pasteur, and at the Convent of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, St. Vincent de Paul. She was one of the vice presidents on the formation of the National Council of Women of Canada and was honorary vice president of the Victorian Order of Nurses.

In 1861, Lafontaine first met her future husband, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, at the home of Dr. Séraphin Gauthier, where both were boarding. During this time she was a piano teacher to Gauthier's children.

On May 13, 1868, the two were married in the Saint-Jacques Cathedral. The couple lived at Arthabaskaville until they moved to Ottawa in 1896. Ultimately, their union was childless, to Laurier's dismay.

Lafontaine was one of the vice presidents on the formation of the National Council of Women and was honorary vice president of the Victorian Order of Nurses.

On 17 February 1919, Laurier died. Lafontaine outlived her husband by more than two years. She died in Ottawa on November 1, 1921, at the age of 80.

Her will bequeathed her Ottawa home to William Lyon Mackenzie King.

Legacy

 * Graham-Laurier Provincial Park, in British Columbia, has a lake named 'Lady Laurier Lake' and a mountain named 'Lady Laurier Mountain', which is the highest peak in the park.
 * In 1985, a lounge in the Château Laurier was named in her honour. The lounge overlooks Rideau Street.
 * CGS Lady Laurier, a Canadian Coast Guard ship was christened after her. The ship operated between 1902 and 1960.
 * DuVillage, a specialty cheesemaker, has a soft cheese called "Lady Laurier d'Arthabaska".

title: Zoé Laurier


text:
Hebron (disambiguation)

Hebron is a city in the West Bank, Palestinian territories.

Hebron may also refer to:

Places

 * Hebron (titular see), a medieval Catholic episcopal see in Hebron

Canada

 * Hebron, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Hebron, New Brunswick
 * Hebron, Nova Scotia
 * Hebron, Prince Edward Island
 * Hebron-Ben Nevis oil field

Ghana

 * Hebron, Ghana, town in Eastern Province

Palestine

 * Hebron Governorate, governorate in Palestine

Spain

 * Vall d'Hebron, neighbourhood in Barcelona

United Kingdom

 * Hebron, Anglesey, Wales
 * Hebron, Carmarthenshire, Wales
 * Hebron, Northumberland, England
 * Hebron railway station on the Snowdon Mountain Railway, Gwynedd, Wales

United States

 * Hebron, Connecticut
 * Hebron, Illinois
 * Hebron, Indiana
 * Hebron, Iowa
 * Hebron, Kentucky
 * Hebron, Maine
 * Hebron, Maryland
 * Hebron (Still Pond, Maryland), listed on the NRHP
 * Hebron, Missouri, in Douglas County
 * Hebron, Shelby County, Missouri
 * Hebron (Bethel, Missouri), listed on the NRHP
 * Hebron, Nebraska
 * Hebron, New Hampshire
 * Hebron, New York
 * Hebron, North Dakota
 * Hebron, Ohio
 * Hebron, Pennsylvania, in Lebanon County
 * Hebron, Potter County, Pennsylvania
 * Hebron, Texas
 * Hebron, Utah, a ghost town
 * Hebron, Marion County, West Virginia
 * Hebron, Pleasants County, West Virginia
 * Hebron, Wisconsin, a town
 * Hebron (CDP), Wisconsin, a census-designated place within the town
 * Hebron Christian Academy

Other

 * Hebron (biblical figure), son of Kohath

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hebron (disambiguation)


text:
Frances Tupper

Frances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.

Legacy
Two of their sons, Charles Hibbert Tupper and William Johnston Tupper, also had careers in politics. Lady Tupper was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia.

title: Frances Tupper


text:
Talk:Mountain View, California

Naming
The difference in importance between this and the other Mountain View is so vast that I'm inclined to just put this one at Mountain View, California and disambig at the top - the other one is a bedroom community of Martinez not even marked on most maps. Stan 17:03, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Works for me. -mhr 17:51, 3 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Well, after 457 days with no argument, I moved them. :-) Nohat 05:25, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Hee hee, how time flies! Stan 13:08, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Peninsula
Can you please change the location to include Mountain View as is a city at the southern end of the San Francisco Peninsula. Interesting that Los Altos is posted that way with no water really engulfing it at all, which would preclude it from being on the S End of the Peninsula. The definition of a peninsula is the following :A piece of land that projects into a body of water and is connected with the mainland by an isthmus. You want to give an exact and correct presentation and representation of where Mountain View is.

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/peninsula#ixzz19xJLMYAP —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.9.235.131 (talk) 07:42, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The source doesn't prove Mountain View is part of the peninsula. It really isn't.  It's due south of the southern edge of the bay.  Is there any official source that establishes that Mountain View is geographically considered part of the San Francisco Peninsula? I would suggest removing that reference until a source is provided.   —Torc.  ( Talk.  ) 23:47, 29 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Done.—Stepheng3 (talk) 01:58, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

Etymology
What's the history of the name Mountain View? Why is the town called that way? Does it refer to any mountain(s)?

 * yes, the Santa Cruz Mountains. Nohat 00:19, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Given that the place takes its name from the view of the mountains, could someone please put a picture on this page that shows that view. It seems important because, as the article says, that's how the place gets its name. ProductBox (talk) 09:27, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I'll try to get a photo this weekend, if I can. -- Alvincura (talk) 19:53, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Huff House
Never heard of it myself. With the "its for sale" sign on the linked page I'm wondering. . . John (Jwy)

Schools
Unless this section gets beefed up, I think what is there should be removed. Its more a current events thing than an encyclopedia item, don't you think? John (Jwy) 18:04, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I would be more than happy to beef it up. What do you think it needs?  Links to Voice articles?  No problem; anyone can get those.  Scans of MVWSD handouts showing the chart of enrollment in total, and broken down by lunch assistance category?  I hve some from last month; will do. --James S. 04:05, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You seem to misunderstand me. I'm not looking for more current events.  My problem with the section is that it is currently about a single school shutting down.  If we have a school section, I would expect it to describe the schools system - for example, some metrics of how good it is (% going on to college, that kind of thing), some history of the system, etc.  That's what an encyclopedia should have.  As it stands, it appears to be a protest of the school closing. John (Jwy) 06:01, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The best predictor of how good schools are is the student-teacher ratio, which I have added. This predicts public school student performance in college better than absolute and relative teacher salaries, student economic background, or any combination thereof.  Today's current event is tomorrow's history. --James S. 19:38, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Assuming it costs $100,000 to hire a teacher and staff a classroom, the $690,000 which Google is paying for Slater will only go about a fifth of the way towards being able to reduce class sizes to Palo Alto Unified levels. 63.164.145.198 04:49, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, by leasing Slater, there aren't enough extra classrooms to significantly reduce class size anymore. All of the wealthy families who were going to Slater are probably going to want to flee to private schools, too. --James S. 18:40, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

It would take about $15 million per year to get the student/teacher ratio down to the 14.4 of nearby Juana Briones Elementary, the best in Palo Alto. One would think, since the implementation of the Joint Powers Agreement between the City, school districts, and the Shoreline Regional Authority (or whatever the business park property tax-levying organization is called these days) that it would be easy, and you would think that the voters of Mountain View would want property values commensurate with such a low ratio, but not a peep. Here is the rest of Santa Clara and San Mateo counties' districts for comparison: (Source: NCES, 2003-4) --James S. 22:10, 27 March 2006 (UTC) December 10 2007 I have several problems with the schools section of this article. While the information is strictly, factually correct, it is taken out of context and not well-supported. An example is the author's declaration that "white flight" is the sole cause of the district's declining enrollment. I would like to see a citation showing this unequivocally, with something besides statistics showing the demographic makeup of the school district over time. This change could be due to higher birth rates among one population with declining birthrates in another; it could be due to the fact that during the "boom" years rental housing was too expensive for low-income families to afford, and that after the "bust" more low-income families moved in. There's nothing to support that statement. Another issue is the link showing school API scores. It is from 1999. Not very relevant in 2007. Another example is the comparison of class sizes between PAUSD and MVWSD. This reduces a very complex problem (California Education Funding) to an overly-simplistic statement. To sum up, the information is incomplete and somewhat cherry-picked to show one point of view.

Regarding the Shoreline money--the Shoreline District was set up by the California Legislature at the time the city began developing the park to ensure continued funding for maintenance of Shoreline Lake and park, a regional recreational facility and wildlife preserve. It took many years for an agreement to be worked out between the schools and the city to share some of that revenue. Use of the JPA (Joint Powers Authority) funds are restricted by the city to be used for technology. (Like much public education funding, it came with strings attached.) Mountain View-Los Altos High School district is using this money as seed money for their new multi-media Freestyle High; Mountain View Whisman is using the funds to improve the technology infrastructure, purchase up-to-date computers and software for teachers and students, and train teachers on how to implement technology into the classroom curriculum. The money cannot be used for class-size reduction or any other purpose. There are more problems with this article, but basically I feel this article is very misleading and presents facts taken out of context.Negirl (talk) 19:38, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Citywide wireless Ethernet
What kind of card do you need for the new system? 802.11_? —Preceding unsigned comment added by David Jordan (talk • contribs)
 * Answered on user's talk page. (John User:Jwy talk) 21:34, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll update the article with this information a bit later. . . (John User:Jwy talk) 22:26, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Telephony history?
I thought we already have articles on area codes which are quite decent. Do we really need sections on telephone system history in the city pages? What a mess that would make. What do we do next, history of the city's sewer and power systems? This is ridiculous! If we need to mention the history of the telephone system in the mid-Peninsula region, we can always do a "See also" link at the end to 650 area code. --Coolcaesar 05:40, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

I agree, and removed this portion:

 * During the 1960s, Mountain View telephone calls were switched by a large Pacific Telephone operated Western Electric Number 5 Crossbar system. This is an electromechanical switch. Two-party service was common in residential areas. Telephone numbers in the 1960s all started with YOrkshire and had five additional digits. These eventually evolved to 96x-xxxx numbers in the mid 1960s. With the roll-out of area codes, Mountain View was in (415). There was permissive dialing to (408). This meant you did not have to dial (408) to call into that area code. In those days, the number plan was constructed so that no office codes or prefixes were duplicated across area codes (408) and (415).

I did leave in a sentence about the area code switch in 1997. --James S. 21:18, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Hello, Does anybody know what the origin of the "YOrkshire" prefix? I would be interested. The Palo Alto wiki has a little discussion about the origin of their DAvenport prefix. I used to play Little League baseball in the 1960s and there was a team sponsored by Yorkshire Cleaners. My team was a Japanese store called Castro City Market, now occupied by Mi Puebla Market, on the corner of Rengstorff and Crisanto. Bobkaku (talk) 22:20, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Revenue limit vs. basic aid school district funding
I deleted the mention of revenue limit district and basic aid funding after the comparison to Palo Alto's class size ratio, because these things change from year to year -- Mountain View might not remain a revenue limit district if property values go up, and Palo Alto might not remain a basic aid district if they go down. Plus, those terms were undefined and unlinked, so I think they were more confusing than helpful. 1of3 17:28, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

 * That is inappropriate. The difference in class size might also disappear with time and you do not seem to be letting up on that because you seem to be latching onto some unfavorable comparision to make at Mountain View's expense. Did you bother to mention the differences in property valuations? No. Did you do any other analysis with the less weathy neighbors such as Sunnyvale or Santa Clara. No.  The current class sizes and the current tax structures both apply.  Otherwise we just cut the whole section. -- PinkCake 03:27, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Inappropriate? It is the truth.  And, contrary to your insertions, Basic Aid districts aren't so rare in Silicon Valley; in fact the MVLA High School district is one.  I've included additional explanatory material about the Shoreline Regional Park Community District, which is the real reason for MVWSD's low budget relative to Palo Alto and Los Altos. 1of3 03:59, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

OK, there is a fairly new web site that might help us to see what is happening on the ground here. http://www.zillow.com//. Uh, type in downtown zip code, or just http://www.zillow.com/search/Search.htm?citystatezip=94041&mode=browse

Mountain View 94040 $951K South 94041 $922K Downtown 94043 $680K North of commuter rail line

94304 $937K (stanford, so does not really count) 94305 $937K - downtown 94306 $1.1M - south (more single-family houses)

So, the problem is that Mountain View has to carry 94043, which has a lot more townhouses and such. Also, Palo Alto has East Palo Alto cordoned off both by a near fortress-like barriers of Hwy 101 AND they also got the county line to follow 101 at that point, long ago.

I still say that it is not fair to compare class sizes between MV and PA, but I am only looking for fairness and I can wait. The text can stand as it is for now, I am just trying to help us see clearly what is happening on the ground there and I know that, with time, we will both come closer to a deeper mutual agreement on how the text should read. -- PinkCake 17:07, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

See, Palo Alto does not have its equivalent of 94043 because of two things: Hwy 101 and East Palo Alto. East Palo Alto is a hell-hole of poverty and violence but it is never, ever included in the statistics or the city life of Palo Alto itself, except for the few beggers who dare to venture into the neighborhood. And, since money and space are the driving forces, the black people of East Palo Alto are slowly being driven out of the area by the forces of gentrification anyway, so EPA's days as a hell-hole are numbered. That section called "Whiskey Gulch" is now all business office high-rises full of lawyers and other professionals. The Home Depot at 101 and Willow has launched a full-scale invasion of money into that sector of EPA. While comparing this 101 "sound barrier" to the wall that Isreal is contructing between it and Palestine is not fair, it is instructive to do so because it provides insight into what is happening on the ground there. As long as you do not get offended, I could compare the yuppies who are brave enough to live on the fringes of EPA with Isreali settlers. Remember: I am not talking about absolutes, I am talking about trends here. Space is the limited resource: you cannot make more of it unless you do something crazy like landfill into the bay, only to watch it liquify in an earthquake like it did up in San Francisco in the Loma Prieta EQ. I do not want to hear any backtalk about this comparison: it is flawed, but it is useful if you want further insight into what is really happening on the ground there.

I want to point out one other thing: there was a nice poster you could buy around 1990 of the enter bay of a composite satellite photo of the entire bay area. The thing that struck me about it was how green (i.e. old neighborhoods) that PA had and the sharp boundary of 101 and the lack of green in EPA, but also the greyness of MV and on down south. That contrast is less apparent 15 years on this modern images. My point is: the PA neighborhoods were well-planned and they are older. They are wealthier and have had time to build nice schools. Another little vignette: MV grade schools are completely gutted about every 20 years (each taking their turn) because they are very modular in their design. Me? I grew up back in New York in a place where the schools are made of red bricks and motar and they are designed to last for about a century. Also, I went through stricly the private Roman Cathoilc school system (but the construction of the public schools was similar) It is a different mind-set out here. It seems like the schools out here were all designed by the same architects in a growth spurt of about 20 years as planners "suddenly" realized that the schools had to be built in crash program before available empty spaces were broken up by patchword development. The children go there and I know that they are happy, but I am the son and brother of an architect and, to me, the designs are very monotonous. On the other hand, the local Roman Catholic grade school is very boring in its design (well, the building is still brick, which is nice, but it still has a very back-East institutional feel to it) but at least, in theory, people are unified by that religion thing. Still, I acknowlege that the schools in Palo Alto are superior in almost every way. But when you ask "Why?", you cannot just blame the gov't or something so simple as that.

Whew! That was a long two paragraphs. Anway: you get the idea: PA is more wealthy than MV, it has Stanford professors and whatnot, and so I would expect it would have a better style of living and quality of life, including smaller class size. I would expect this to still be true 50 years from now. THAT is what is Important. -- PinkCake 17:07, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

According to the table above, Redwood City does slightly better than Palo Alto, and La Honda-Pescadero does a LOT better. I would have thought, on aggregate, that those places would have property values below Mountain View's, although out in La Honda I really have no idea. Indeed, Zillow says Redwood City's median is $889,045 (compared to Mountain View's $808,757 -- zoom out one click to get the whole cities instead of the zip codes) and La Honda's is $764,093 -- so how come they have so much smaller class sizes than Palo Alto and we do? Skadoo23 22:09, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

I assert a hypothesis that it is the elevating effect of Stanford faculty on the surrounding community. I also assert that companies like HP (well, less so since Carly Fiorina's tenure) and other startups that are staffed or managed by many Stanford grads have an effect as well. Google is in MV, but I expect that it takes decades for the deep effect to take root. I do not know how to prove it, but just use your common sense and I think you will see that there is SOMETHING to my assertion. -- PinkCake 01:31, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Martello
The cited articles make it clear that Martello and the council never reached an agreement about the date of his disclosure of the affair. I don't agree with the abridgment of the scandal which obscures that fact and deletes the summary of the Metro's investigation of the surrounding facts. 1of3 04:10, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I would prefer that we restrict ourselves to strictly legal outcomes, which tend to retain their Importance over longer periods of Time. If Mike got his penis all erect and into Pamela, who was, hopefully, all nice and wet, and they enjoyed it, well... so did a bunch of other people in that area around that time, some of those adulterous as well (with or without the other spouse's permission and blah blah blah. Gosh, this is such a soap opera!). I do not see how this is so Important that it deserves the space it is getting, but I am letting it go.... for now. See what I mean? "Encyclopedic" is supposed to mean that it might still be important ten years from now. And why are you going on about the $740K? It may sound like a lot of money to some readers, but it is less than the price of one single-family home in the downtown area. You should focus on percentages because inflation and whatnot tends to degrade the immediate usefulness of this information over time. If we are going to keep this info around for 100 years, it should be in a format where the future-reader can easily appreciate whether it was a big or a small increase. -- PinkCake 16:46, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Peoples private lives are just that and should remain so. Adultery, on the other hand, is the breaking of a publicly declare, socially sanctioned and legally recognized bond. It is, in fact, the most egregious bond that can be broken. This is a much worse stain on one's character than breaking other types of legal contracts. If you don't want your relationships to subject to public scrutiny, you should buy a public license ("to give official or legal power to") and a public promise. This should be common sense. I'm a civil libertarian, and no one going to force people to wear a scarlet letter (literally), but by what rights should people enjoy immunity from public scorn? One man's news is another man's gossip, but if the facts are wrong, they have recourse to the courts. If they are a public figure, their character is of paramount importance and anything that blights it should be public knowledge (including adultery).

Don't like it? 1) Don't get married 2) Don't commit adultery 3) Don't get caught!

You are exactly right about the money being dated in the future; Percentages will fail for the same reason (base value will fluctuate); May I suggest using something along the lines of ...$740,000USD[2006] or 740,000[2006,US$]...?

~KC

Oh yeah, what I came here for... Why is there such a crappy map? Can't someone just link to the google.map for this city, or something similar. I'm sure google shouldn't be to eager to "cry foul" -oops, colloquial- over "deep linking".

~KC, 2006(US$$$$baby!)
 * So, uh, can we come to an agreement that 2-3 months from now, maybe we can knock it down by a few sentences? That is about all I am willing to wait. This is ridiculous. -- PinkCake 04:38, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

The info in this Scandals section is three-years old now. At the time, it was an interesting current event, but it seems odd to have such a detailed "Scandals" section here when so many other facets of Mountain View have yet to be included. Can we at least cut the length? Urbanic05 08:43, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The Mario Ambra misconduct was a much bigger deal and it only gets one brief mention. Martello doesn't need more than that. And the header itself needs to be changed to something less POV. CovenantD 09:11, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

So can we come to some agreement about changing this section? I'm new to wikipedia and don't want to make a premature edit. 75.20.203.64 01:08, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

I've removed the "Scandals" section. The information was a current event at the time but, I think, not very notable or encylopedia-worthy. Other cities with much larger political scandals in recent memory (San Jose, for example) do not have a similar section on their main page. If someone feels the information on Mario Ambra or Michael Martello is especially notable, then perhaps a seperate page for these individuals should be created. (Urbanic05 (talk) 19:08, 21 January 2008 (UTC))

 * Well they would be notable for WP:ONEEVENT and thus not qualified for their own article. Whereas San Jose's scandals are included in its former mayor's Ron Gonzales because Gonzales is notable for more than just one event. Since it appears to be sourced to reliable news stories, I think this should stay. MB83 (talk) 09:15, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair enough regarding the seperate page. At the very least, I still think that we should agree to cut this section down if we're not going to get rid of it. The discussion here leans toward doing that. Especially re: Michael Martello. Why do we have an entire paragraph devoted to the City Attorney's affair? (Urbanic05 (talk) 04:13, 24 January 2008 (UTC))

 * Cut it down from a paragraph? Ron Gonzales gets five paragraphs, and he wasn't even convicted of anything. MB83 (talk) 16:53, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

On Ron Gonzales's page, four of those five paragraphs on his "scandals" deal with various political charges against him. Even if he wasn't convicted, he was censured by his council and resigned from multiple committees. It was a big deal for the Mayor of the 10th largest city in the country. Yet, only one sentence deals with his affair.

Here in Mountain View, all charges against Martello misusing City funds were cleared. So in essence, we have a long paragaph on Mountain View's page about the City Attorney's marital affair. This strikes me as odd. If we were to really describe Mountain View's "scandals" in a balanced way, the amount of text devoted to ex-Mayor Ambra versus Martello would be reversed given there importance to the community's recent political history. But rather than embellish Ambra's story, I'd lean in favor of cutting down Martello's. Anyway, I was just trying to move this along after reading the way the three years of discussion on this secion was leaning. (Urbanic05 (talk) 19:07, 26 January 2008 (UTC))

Library circulation
1.4 million items per year works out to more than 11 items per minute, solid, during business hours. Even when they are really busy, they aren't nearly that busy, and most of the time they aren't really busy. However the number apparently checks out with city publications. Can it be right? 75.37.23.162 03:06, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

The library is open 64 hours per week (not counting holidays) according to the hours on the page you linked to. (1436978item/yr)/(60min/hr*64hr/wk*52wk/yr)=7.2items/minute. That's less than 11, but still pretty high. Maybe the bookmobile helps boost those numbers and maybe renewals count as a second borrowing event. The site says there are 850559 visitors per year. It is probably not hard to sustain an average of 1.7 items/visitor. 208.66.102.2 00:09, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Message at the Top of the Page
At the top of the page, there is a message that reads For other places called "Mountain View", see Mountain View. I motion to delete this because Mountain View does not redirect to this page, but rather to a Mountain View disambiguation article. The only way someone would get to this article internally would be to type in Mountain View, California on the address bar, and then they wouldn't be looking for any other Mountain View. I motion to delete, but as always, comments appreciated. BlackBear 19:12, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, one of those "Other places called 'Mountain View'" is in California. (It's even in the same metropolitan area; see Mountain View, Contra Costa County, California.)  It's comparatively insignificant (which is why this one gets the "Mountain View, California" title) but it's possible someone might come looking for it.  This way they can find it.  So I think we should keep the link. -- Why Not A Duck 02:17, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

ő

Corporate residents
What's this Jajah company added a few days ago? Are we supposed to list every single company in Mountain View like Mountain View Lock and Key or Clarke's? The Jajah article is written like an advertisement. My vote is that they're not any more significant than dozens of other high tech or low tech companies and they're just trying to spam. 75.62.7.111 05:09, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps the section should be retitled "Notable Corporate Residence" with guidelines of having had a significant impact on the city - either by city development or by size of workforce. I'll throw out a strawman on size of workforce at 500 employees on-site in Mountain View. (yes, I agree the Jajah seems like an advert and I support its removal) Toddstreat1 20:35, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

This is in response to a recent wholesale removal of many companies based in Mountain View. Perhaps the editor was not familiar with them personally but that does not seem to be a valid criteria. I don't have an issue trimming the list but if a company is truly not notable perhaps having their page removed would be more constructive if it is not truly deserved. Why Friendfeed included but not Eye-Fi? They're neighbors, roughly about the same size and more or less equally notable depending on how that is measured. Just an example, I don't work at either but familiar with both. If I were a visitor to the Mountain View page, more than likely I would be relocating to the area, visiting, or looking for employers in the city. Striking these companies from the list seems counter intuitive and more harmful than good from a user perspective. Jack's daddy (talk) 06:53, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

An anonymous user has gone and cleaned out many of the corporate residents again. I started this discussion so it could be addressed in advance rather than be arbitrary. Personally I could care less if one or several of the companies on the list are not worthy to be mentioned for one reason or another. I would however like to have a dialog as to the purpose and behind the edit. As I stated above, I feel that an inclusive list is more useful to the Wikipedia user who is likely trying to find out more about the city. Local editors can't know for sure what information a reader from out of town may be seeking. I'm stating, until someone engages me in dialog my intention to reverse the edit. Jack's daddy (talk) 04:39, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

I want to add that the changes I was reversing were from July 17 and I was not intentionally trying to overwrite any subsequent edits. Since it was the second time this individual has made such wholesale changes arbitrarily, I wanted to return things to normalcy as much as possible. Happy to address on a case by case basis but feel the editor has ulterior motive and multiple changes disguises intent. Jack's daddy (talk) 05:17, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Here we go again, arbitrary changes to the corporate residents section without prior discussion. I'm pretty new and just getting the hang of this but struggling with the basis for notability. The editor removed a business with 200 employees because it did not have a dedicated page while leaving others with less than 50 simply because the page created wasn't hotly contested. Argument is to to create a page to avoid red link, there has to be a better way. I would the company page and have thought about doing so but we all know that a newbie creating a company page has virtually zero chance of making it stick. So to that end, the editor has just created incentive for a business to create their own page. I actually returned to this page as a valued resource for finding major employers in Mountain View and now see that value diminished. Pondering next move. Jack's daddy (talk) 17:49, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

 * To keep with the guidelines, I am thinking of "verifiability, not truth". In that case, if we can cross-reference the corporate resident with either the Chamber of Commerce or City Hall, then maybe that can be our criteria for notability in the article.  What do you think?  - Alvincura (talk) 20:47, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:OLD MV2.JPG
Image:OLD MV2.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 15:50, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Adobe
As far as I know, Adobe's headquarters situated in San Jose... Stansult (talk) 04:39, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Government - Mayor Vandalism
As of 2-27-09 at 12:00 AM PST, the mayor is listed as:

Government - Mayor 	Alan Tuan

I believe that this part has been vandalized because I personally know Alan Tuan, and Alan Tuan is a high school student! Sorry, I do not remember the current Mayor of Mountain View.

Jimtran93 (talk) 08:02, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

 * fixed. http://www.mountainview.gov/city_council/council_roster/mayor_abe_koga.asp (John User:Jwy talk) 15:44, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

different Numbers here and on the official Website about Demography
I found different Numbers her and on http://www.ci.mtnview.ca.us/services/learn_about_our_city/demographics.asp. Are the numbers here old? witch are right?

--Torwart (talk) 23:23, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Shoreline Regional Park Community
Can we have more background on the Shoreline Regional Park Community? I've seen newspaper stories that say that it was created under state law but is not a revitalization district. However, can anyone cite which state law created this district? 63.147.59.2 (talk) 17:53, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Redevelopment?
There's no material on the revitalization of the city's Castro Street downtown. Does anyone have some good sources to start with? Kortoso (talk) 22:12, 21 October 2013 (UTC)

State senator needs updating
Under "State and federal legislators" Jerry Hill is now representing the 13th Senate District not Elaine Alquist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.0.151.75 (talk) 17:38, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on Mountain View, California
Cyberbot II has detected links on Mountain View, California which have been added to the blacklist, either globally or locally. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed or are highly inappropriate for Wikipedia. The addition will be logged at one of these locations: local or global If you believe the specific link should be exempt from the blacklist, you may request that it is white-listed. Alternatively, you may request that the link is removed from or altered on the blacklist locally or globally. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. Please do not remove the tag until the issue is resolved. You may set the invisible parameter to "true" whilst requests to white-list are being processed. Should you require any help with this process, please ask at the help desk.

Below is a list of links that were found on the main page:

 * http://www.shorelinewest.shutterfly.com/
 * Triggered by  on the global blacklist

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:20, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on Mountain View, California
Cyberbot II has detected links on Mountain View, California which have been added to the blacklist, either globally or locally. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed or are highly inappropriate for Wikipedia. The addition will be logged at one of these locations: local or global If you believe the specific link should be exempt from the blacklist, you may request that it is white-listed. Alternatively, you may request that the link is removed from or altered on the blacklist locally or globally. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. Please do not remove the tag until the issue is resolved. You may set the invisible parameter to "true" whilst requests to white-list are being processed. Should you require any help with this process, please ask at the help desk.

Below is a list of links that were found on the main page:

 * http://www.shorelinewest.shutterfly.com/
 * Triggered by  on the global blacklist

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:18, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

Geography
For some reason, there are lists of "what borders Mountain View" in two places in this article - in the opening paragraph and under Geography. This should be cleaned up. JGriffithSV (talk) 18:12, 23 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Mountain View, California. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150318170707/http://www.newslikethis.com/company-headquarters-google-inc-googleplex-california-receive-asla-national-honor-award-2001 to http://www.newslikethis.com/company-headquarters-google-inc-googleplex-california-receive-asla-national-honor-award-2001

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:22, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

sunshine hours
are missing — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.142.2.203 (talk) 07:49, 18 January 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:51, 12 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Mountain View, City Hall.jpg

Latest Geography Edits
Someone just updated this to claim that Mountain View is bordered by East Palo Alto to the northeast. That appears to be incorrect to me - East Palo Alto is strictly to the west. Can we just revert this whole sequence of edits? It seems like every year or so, someone wants to come along and make changes to the geography, even though the previous description was correct and geography doesn't change. JGriffithSV (talk) 22:31, 4 July 2023 (UTC)
 * There were edits by an IP as well. I looked at a map, and agree the original version seemed correct. Magnolia677 (talk) 23:02, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mountain View, California


text:
Daniel Solander

Daniel Carlsson Solander or Daniel Charles Solander (19 February 1733 – 13 May 1782) was a Swedish naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. Solander was the first university-educated scientist to set foot on Australian soil.

Biography
Solander was born in Piteå, Norrbotten, Sweden, to Rev. Carl Solander a Lutheran principal, and Magdalena (née Bostadia). Solander enrolled at Uppsala University in July 1750 and initially studied languages, the humanities and law. The professor of botany was the celebrated Carl Linnaeus, who was soon impressed by young Solander's ability and accordingly persuaded his father to let him study natural history. Solander travelled to England in June 1760 to promote the new Linnean system of classification. In February 1763, he began cataloguing the natural history collections of the British Museum, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June the following year.

In 1768, Solander gained leave of absence from the British Museum and with his assistant Herman Spöring accompanied Joseph Banks on James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific Ocean aboard the Endeavour. They were the botanists who inspired the name Botanist Bay (which later became Botany Bay) for the first landing place of Cook's expedition in Australia. Solander helped make and describe an important collection of Australian plants while the Endeavour was beached at the site of present-day Cooktown for nearly seven weeks, after being damaged on the Great Barrier Reef. These collections later formed the basis of Banks' Florilegium.

Solander also wrote a manuscript describing all the species collected from New Zealand during the six months the 1768 expedition spent there. It was called Primitiae Florae Novae Zelandiae ('beginnings of a New Zealand flora'), and was to be illustrated with the plates prepared by Banks. It was never published, but it was available for study by anyone interested, first at Banks' London home, then at the Natural History section of the British Museum.

Solander's return to Britain with Cook and Banks made him the first Swede to circumnavigate the globe.

On their return in 1771, Solander resumed his duties at the British Museum but also collaborated with Banks on the Florilegium. In 1772, he accompanied Banks on his voyage to Iceland, the Hebrides and the Orkney Islands. Between 1773 and 1782 he was Keeper of the Natural History Department of the British Museum. In 1773, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Solander died at Banks' home in Soho Square of a stroke, aged 49, on 13 May 1782. An autopsy was performed the next day, and revealed a brain hemorrhage. He is buried in the Swedish Section at Brookwood Cemetery.

Legacy
Solander's reputation has been profoundly influenced by his limited number of publications and his premature death. Although he had detailed descriptions prepared for most of the botanical specimens he collected on the Endeavour voyage, in deference to Joseph Banks, Solander held off publication waiting for the completion of over 700 engravings. However, after Solander's death, Banks, now President of the Royal Society, failed to publish his projected Florilegium. Had he done so, he would have secured Solander's posthumous reputation. It has been claimed that Banks treated Solander, and Jonas Dryander, as his servants rather than as botanists of equal standing to others in the botanical establishment. However, Banks clearly had a strong emotional bond with Solander, met his expenses and even supported his relatives in Sweden. In 1784, when he wrote to Johan Alströmer of Solander's death, Banks declared: 'This too early loss of a friend, whom I during my more mature years have loved and whom I will always miss, makes me wish to draw a veil over his death, as soon as I have ceased to speak of it. I can never think of it without feeling a mortal pain.' Solander remained an employee of the British Museum for the last decade of his life but was also paid by Banks to assist him with his collections. Banks' relationship with Robert Brown was more formal.

Solander invented the book-form box known as the Solander box which is still used in libraries and archives as the most suitable way of storing prints, drawings, herbarium materials and some manuscripts.

Solander Gardens in the east end of London is named after him, as are the Solander Islands off New Zealand's South Island and Cape Solander in the Kamay Botany Bay National Park, also in the suburb of Redfern near Sydney NSW the housing commission towers include a Daniel Solander building. Also Solander Island, off the NW coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. One of the many plants named in his honour is Fuscospora solandri (black beech). Solander was associated with Banks in Illustrations of the Botany of Captain Cook's Voyage Round the World, and his The Natural History of Many Curious and Uncommon Zoophytes, Collected by the late John Ellis, (1786) was published posthumously. The 'Daniel Solander Library' in Sydney's Royal Botanic Garden, established in 1852, is the oldest botanical research library in Australia.

The scientific name of the Providence Petrel, Pterodroma solandri, was given in his honour by ornithologist John Gould.

The shrub Banksia solandri is named after him.

In Solander's birth town Piteå, the Solander Science Park houses a number of cleantech companies and research organizations.

Solander Street in Pelican Waters (a suburb in the Sunshine Coast of south-east Queensland, Australia) is one of several nearby streets with names linked to the round-the-world voyage of Captain James Cook that landed at Botany Bay in 1770.

title: Daniel Solander


text:
Annie Thompson

Annie Emma Thompson, Lady Thompson (née Affleck; June 26, 1842 – April 10, 1913) was the wife of Sir John Thompson, the fourth Prime Minister of Canada.

She was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia to James Affleck, a sea captain, and Catherine Saunders. She was the eldest of eight children. She has been described by historians as a high-spirited young woman who resembled Catherine Linton in Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights.

She married Thompson in 1870 in Portland, Maine. Their first child, a son, was stillborn on September 3, 1871. They had eight more children:

 * 1) John Thomas Connolly Thompson (1872–1952)
 * 2) Joseph Thompson (1874–1935)
 * 3) Mary Aloysia (Babe) Thompson (1876–1917)
 * 4) Mary Helena Thompson (1878–1944)
 * 5) Annie Mary Thompson (1879–1880)
 * 6) unknown name (died at birth, December 7, 1880)
 * 7) Frances Alice (Frankie) Thompson (1881–1947)
 * 8) David Anthony Thompson (1883–1885)

In 1882, when John Thompson was concerned about losing an electoral battle in Antigonish, Annie wrote him to say that "I wish I could be with you for one ten minutes to talk square to you...So keep up your courage... win or lose they can't keep you from me much longer...So now you must not be such an awful baby until you get home and then I'll see how far you can be indulged."

John Thompson was appointed to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in 1882. When he was offered the opportunity to become Minister of Justice in 1885, Annie Thompson encouraged him to leave that bunch of "sere old crows" (her words) on the Nova Scotia bench and get out into a world which would better test and demonstrate his talents. The Thompson family finally moved to Ottawa in 1888, and John Thompson became Prime Minister in 1892.

On December 12, 1894, John Thompson died of a heart attack in Windsor Castle at the age of 49. He left a very small estate, and the Lady Thompson Fund was begun that month as a private subscription for the children.

Lady Thompson moved to Toronto in 1895. Friends, including Lady Aberdeen and Senator Frank Smith, aided her in finding housing and establishing herself. She lived at 18½ St Joseph Street, and became a member of the nearby St Basil's Roman Catholic Church.

In hospital in 1913 for exploratory surgery, she was diagnosed with inoperable cancer and died on the operating table. She was buried in Mount Hope Catholic Cemetery in Toronto (her husband was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery, Halifax).

title: Annie Thompson


text:
Agnes Macdonald, 1st Baroness Macdonald of Earnscliffe

Susan Agnes Macdonald, 1st Baroness Macdonald of Earnscliffe (née Bernard; 24 August 1836 – 5 September 1920), was the second wife of Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada.

Early life
Agnes was born near Spanish Town, Jamaica, to Thomas James Bernard (1796–1850), of Bellevue, south of Montego Bay; member of the Privy Council of the Colony of Jamaica, slave and sugar plantation owner. Her mother, Theodora Foulks Hewitt (1802–1875), was the daughter of William Hewitt, also of Jamaica, descended from a brother of James Hewitt, 1st Viscount Lifford. She was raised both in Jamaica and in England. The family lost their residence to a planation riot in 1831, which ended the Bernards' time in Jamaica with emancipation of their slaves in 1832.

Marriage and family
After her father's death from cholera she came to Barrie, Upper Canada, with her mother in 1854 to live with her brother, Hewitt Bernard (who left in 1851 after giving up the family plantation), a lawyer and private secretary to political leader John A. Macdonald.

It was through him that she met Macdonald in 1856. It was in 1866, in London, England, where Miss Bernard had been with her mother that she again met her husband-to-be, who was there to prepare the British North America Act. They married on 16 February 1867, and had one daughter, Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (1869–1933), who was born severely handicapped, both mentally and physically.

Wife of the prime minister
On the first prime ministerial trip to British Columbia on the newly opened Canadian Pacific Railway, Macdonald built Agnes a platform on the cowcatcher of the locomotive and had a chair nailed to it so she could better see the mountain scenery. During her life in Canada with her husband, she became intimately acquainted with many of the intricacies of the political and historical events of the country.

Lady Macdonald Drive in Canmore, Alberta, is named after her.

Later life
After her husband's death in 1891 she was raised to the peerage in his honour as Baroness Macdonald of Earnscliffe, in the Province of Ontario and Dominion of Canada. By 1896 she left her home at Earnscliffe to go back to England. She actively participated in social and philanthropic work late into life. She died in England in September 1920, aged 84, and was buried in the Ocklynge Cemetery in Eastbourne.

The barony became extinct on her death. Her daughter died in 1933 and also buried in Ocklynge Cemetery. She is the only wife of a Canadian prime minister to be buried outside of Canada and one of two not buried with their spouse.


text:
Union Party

Union Party may refer to:

 * Union Party (Armenia)
 * Union Party (Burma), a defunct political party in Myanmar
 * Union Party (Egypt), an Egyptian political party
 * Union Party (Faroe Islands), a political party of the Faroe Islands
 * The Union Parties, the CDU/CSU political party alliance in Germany
 * Union Party (Iceland), a historical political party of Iceland
 * Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)
 * Union Party (Lebanon)
 * Union Party (Ukraine), a political party of Ukraine
 * Papua and Niugini Union Pati, a political party of Papua New Guinea
 * Union of Puerto Rico, a historical political party of Puerto Rico
 * Union Party (United States), a historical political party from the American Great Depression.
 * National Union Party (United States), the name of the ticket on which Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson ran in the 1864 United States presidential election.

title: Union Party


text:
1996 FIFA World Player of the Year

The 1996 FIFA World Player of the Year award was won by Ronaldo, the youngest player to ever win the award, aged 20. The ceremony took place at the Belem Cultural Centre in Lisbon, on January 20, 1997. For the first time a record of 120 national team coaches, based on the current FIFA Men's World Ranking were chosen to vote. It was organised by European Sports Media, Adidas and FIFA.

title: 1996 FIFA World Player of the Year


text:
Michael Horton (theologian)

Michael Scott Horton (born May 11, 1964) is an American theologican who is the J. Gresham Machen Professor of Systematic Theology and Apologetics at Westminster Seminary California. He is a scholar and theologian, having written and edited more than forty books and contributed to various encyclopedias, including the Oxford Handbook of Reformed Theology and Brill’s Encyclopedia of Christianity.

In addition to his work as a professor, Horton is the founder of Sola Media and its productions, the White Horse Inn radio show and podcast, Modern Reformation magazine, Core Christianity, and Theo Global.

His most recent book is Shaman and Sage: The Roots of “Spiritual but Not Religious” in Antiquity, the first of three volumes in his intellectual history of “spiritual but not religious” as a phenomenon in Western culture.

His books include Justification (2 vols), The Christian Faith, Pilgrim Theology, For Calvinism, and People and Place: A Covenant Ecclesiology, and his writing has been featured in The Washington Post, Books and Culture, Modern Reformation, Pro Ecclesia, and the International Journal of Systematic Theology]. His popular writing also spans titles, such as Christless Christianity: The Alternative Gospel of the American Church; Recovering Our Sanity: How the Fear of God Conquers the Fears that Divide Us; Beyond Culture Wars, Rediscovering the Holy Spirit: God’s Perfecting Presence in Creation, Redemption, and Everyday Life; Ordinary: Sustainable Faith in a Radical, Restless World; and Calvin on the Christian Life: Glorifying and Enjoying God Forever.

History
Horton was raised in an Arminian Baptist church. While in high school, Horton adopted Calvinistic beliefs as he read through the Bible, specifically the book of Romans. Horton claims he "threw his Bible across the room" as he read through Romans 9 and began to wrestle through the doctrines of election/predestination and the sovereignty of God. He began attending the Philadelphia Conference on Reformed Theology, where he met James Montgomery Boice, R.C. Sproul, and J.I. Packer.

Horton received a BA degree at Biola University. Since high school, he had always known that he wanted to go to Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. At the time, Westminster Seminary California was just starting in a small storefront in Escondido but many of the men Horton was reading at the time taught there, and this eventually led to his choice to get his MA there. He learned Biblical Hebrew and Koine Greek, and studied under Meredith Kline.

Horton received his PhD from Wycliffe Hall, Oxford through Coventry University and completed a research fellowship at Yale Divinity School.

He was ordained a deacon in the Reformed Episcopal Church. He was the president of Christians United for Reformation (CURE), which later merged to become the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals (ACE). From 2001 to 2004 Horton served as the president of ACE, but is now no longer affiliated with that organization. He is also an ordained minister in the United Reformed Churches in North America (URCNA), has served at two churches in Southern California, and was the Associate Pastor at Christ United Reformed Church in Santee, California, a URCNA member church. Horton taught an adult Sunday school class on God, suffering, sanctification, Calvinist theology, and the basics of the Heidelberg Catechism. This class is available on audio at the church website.

In 1996 Christianity Today included him on their list of "Up & Comers: Fifty evangelical leaders 40 and under."

List of works

 * The Agony of Deceit: What Some TV Preachers Are Really Teaching (1990)
 * Putting Amazing Back Into Grace (2011)
 * Beyond Culture Wars: Is America A Mission Field or Battlefield? (1994)
 * Where In The World Is The Church: Understanding Culture & Your Role In It (1995)
 * Power Religion: The Selling Out of The Evangelical Church, edited with Charles Colson (1997)
 * Made In America: The Shaping of Modern American Evangelicalism (1991)
 * We Believe: Recovering the Essentials of the Apostle's Creed (1998)
 * Covenant and Eschatology (2002)
 * A Better Way: Rediscovering the Drama of God-Centered Worship (2003)
 * The Law of Perfect Freedom (2004)
 * Lord and Servant: A Covenant Christology (2005)
 * Covenant & Salvation: Union with Christ (2007)
 * Christless Christianity: The Alternative Gospel of the American Church (2012)
 * People and Place: A Covenant Ecclesiology (2008; 2009 Christianity Today Book Award in Theology/Ethics)
 * Too Good to be True: Finding Hope in a World of Hype (2009)
 * God of Promise: Introducing Covenant Theology (2009)
 * The Gospel-Driven Life: Being Good News People in a Bad News World (2009)
 * The Christian Faith: A Systematic Theology for Pilgrims on the Way (2011)
 *  Pilgrim Theology: Core Doctrine for Christian Disciples (2011)
 * For Calvinism, with Maurice England (2011)
 * The Gospel Commission (2012)
 * Rediscovering the Holy Spirit: God's Perfecting Presence in Creation, Redemption, and Everyday Life (2017)
 * Rediscovering the Holy Spirit: God's Perfecting Presence in Creation, Redemption, and Everyday Life (2017)

title: Michael Horton (theologian)


text:
Jane Mackenzie

Jane Mackenzie (née Sym; March 22, 1825 – March 30, 1893) was the second wife of Alexander Mackenzie, the second Prime Minister of Canada.

She married Alexander Mackenzie on June 17, 1853. The couple had no children, although Jane Mackenzie was stepmother to Alexander's daughter from his prior marriage. They are buried at the Lakeview Cemetery in Sarnia, Ontario.

title: Jane Mackenzie


text:
John L. O'Sullivan

John Louis O'Sullivan (November 15, 1813 – March 24, 1895) was an American columnist, editor, and diplomat who coined the term "manifest destiny" in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Country to the United States. O'Sullivan was an influential political writer and advocate for the Democratic Party at that time and served as U.S. minister to Portugal during the administration of President Franklin Pierce (1853–1857).

Early life and education
John Louis O'Sullivan, born on November 15, 1813, was the son of Irishman John Thomas O'Sullivan, an American diplomat and sea captain, and Mary Rowly, a genteel Englishwoman. According to legend, he was born at sea on a British warship off the coast of Gibraltar. O'Sullivan's father was a naturalized US citizen and had served as US Consul to the Barbary States.

O'Sullivan enrolled at Columbia College in New York at the age of 14. He graduated in 1831. In 1834, he received a Masters of Arts and became a lawyer.

Career
In 1837, he founded and edited The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, based in Washington. It espoused the more radical forms of Jacksonian Democracy and the cause of a democratic, American literature. It published some of the most prominent American writers, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Greenleaf Whittier, William Cullen Bryant, and Walt Whitman. O'Sullivan was an aggressive reformer in the New York State Legislature, where he led the unsuccessful movement to abolish capital punishment. By 1846, investors were dissatisfied with his poor management, and he lost control of his magazine.

O'Sullivan opposed the coming of the American Civil War, hoping that a peaceful solution, or a peaceful separation of North and South, could be resolved. In Europe when the war began, O'Sullivan became an active supporter of the Confederate States of America; he may have been on the Confederate payroll at some point. O'Sullivan wrote a number of pamphlets promoting the Confederate cause, arguing that the presidency had become too powerful and that states' rights needed to be protected against encroachment by the central government. Although he had earlier supported the "free soil" movement, he now defended the institution of slavery, writing that blacks and whites could not live together in harmony. His activities greatly disappointed some of his old friends, including Hawthorne. Towards the end of the Civil War, O'Sullivan appealed to his southern "comrades in arms" to burn Richmond, stating "let every man set fire to his own house".

title: John L. O'Sullivan


text:
Russian cruiser Aurora

Aurora (Авро́ра) is a Russian protected cruiser, currently preserved as a museum ship in Saint Petersburg. Aurora was one of three Pallada-class cruiser cruisers, built in Saint Petersburg for service in the Pacific. All three ships of this class served during the Russo-Japanese War. Aurora survived the Battle of Tsushima and was interned under US protection in the Philippines, and eventually returned to the Baltic Fleet. One of the first incidents of the October Revolution in Russia took place on the cruiser Aurora, which reportedly fired the first shot, signalling the beginning of the attack on the Winter Palace.

Russo-Japanese War
Soon after completion, on 10 October 1903, Aurora departed Kronstadt as part of Admiral Virenius's "reinforcing squadron"  for Port Arthur. While in the Red Sea, still en route to Port Arthur, the squadron was recalled back to the Baltic Sea, under protest by Admiral Makarov, who specifically requested Admiral Virenius to continue his mission to Port Arthur. Only the seven destroyers of the reinforcing squadron were allowed to continue to the Far East.

After her detachment from the reinforcing squadron and her arrival back to home port she underwent new refitting. After refitting, Aurora was ordered back to Port Arthur as part of the Russian Baltic Fleet  Aurora sailed as part of Admiral Oskar Enkvist's Cruiser Squadron whose flagship would be the protected cruiser Oleg, an element of Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky's Baltic Fleet. On the way to the Far East, Aurora received five hits, sustaining light damage from confused friendly fire, which killed the ship's chaplain and a sailor, in the Dogger Bank incident.

October Revolution mutiny
During World War I Aurora operated in the Baltic Sea performing patrols and shore bombardment tasks. In 1915, her armament was changed to fourteen 152 mm (6 in) guns.

The ship's commanding officer, Captain Mikhail Nikolsky, was killed when he tried to suppress the revolt.

Second World War
In 1922, Aurora returned to service as a training ship.

During the Second World War, her guns were taken from the ship and used in the land defence of Leningrad. The ship herself was docked in Oranienbaum port, and was repeatedly shelled and bombed. On 30 September 1941, she was damaged and sunk in the harbour.

She was later salvaged and repaired after the War.

Post World War II
Having long served as a museum ship, from 1984 to 1987 the cruiser was once again placed in her construction yard, the Admiralty Shipyard, for capital restoration. During the overhaul, due to deterioration, the ship's hull below the waterline was replaced with a new welded hull according to the original drawings. The cut off lower hull section was towed into the Gulf of Finland to the decommissioned Ruchi naval base, and sunk near the shore. The restoration revealed that some of the ship's parts, including the armour plates, were originally made in Britain. In January 2013, Russian Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu announced plans to recommission Aurora and make her the flagship of the Russian Navy due to her historical and cultural importance. On 21 September 2014, the ship was towed to the Admiralty Shipyard in Kronstadt to be overhauled, to return in 2016. On 16 July 2016, she returned to her home harbour in Saint Petersburg.

title: Russian cruiser Aurora


text:
Sheila Martin

Sheila Ann Martin (née Cowan; born July 31, 1943) is the wife of Paul Martin, who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Canada from December 12, 2003, to February 6, 2006. Her father was William "Bill" Cowan, a lawyer and philanthropist from Windsor, Ontario. She was named after her mother. Sheila was raised Protestant, and graduated from the University of Toronto in 1964.

She and Paul were neighbours and her father was law partner with Paul Martin Sr in Windsor, Ontario. They were engaged over Christmas in 1964 and married on September 11, 1965. They have three sons: Paul William Martin III (born September 11, 1966), Jamie Robert Martin (born June 21, 1969), and David Patrick Martin (born September 13, 1974).

A Canada Steamship Lines ship, Sheila Ann, is named in her honour.

Before her husband became the Prime Minister of Canada, Sheila Martin's work in Ottawa included serving on a committee called Politics and the Pen, and on this committee she helped give prizes and money to Canadian writers. The job was said to fit with her "own literary tastes." In 2002, when Paul Martin left the cabinet, he credited her as a support to him and as an advisor:
 * Third, I want to thank the many friends who called or sent messages in recent days. I'm enriched by their friendship and their support. In that respect, I want to thank above all others Sheila and my family for their patience and their advice.

Throughout these years, Sheila Martin apparently had little aspirations in regards to her husband's office. Her husband's biographer John Gray quoted her as saying, "Oh, God, I don't want to do this at all, so I just don't think about it."

title: Sheila Martin


text: User talk:216.79.106.10

title: User talk:216.79.106.10


text:
Spouse of the prime minister of Canada

The spouse of the prime minister of Canada (époux du premier ministre du Canada) is the wife or husband of the prime minister of Canada. Sophie Grégoire Trudeau is married to the 23rd and current prime minister, Justin Trudeau, though the couple have been separated since August 2, 2023.

Nineteen women have been wives of prime ministers of Canada; Kim Campbell, the only female prime minister, was unmarried during her time in office. As a semi-public figure, spouses are often present at various ceremonial, diplomatic, or partisan activities alongside the prime minister. Spouses often pursue philanthropic or charitable endeavours on their own, although the spouses have varied in how actively they sought or accepted the public spotlight.

Some media outlets have styled prime ministers' wives as the "first lady of Canada", similar to the style of first lady used in the neighbouring United States and other republics. This is not a recognized nor accurately applicable title, as the spouses both of Canada's monarch and of the governor general take precedence over the spouse of the prime minister. Rather, use of first lady is based on the influence of American media and a general misunderstanding of Canadian civics.

Public role
The prime minister is not the head of state; thus, their spouse does not officially play as active a role in Canadian affairs as do the royal and viceregal consorts. The prime minister's spouse, however, is still generally regarded as a public or semi-public figure, frequently accompanying the prime minister on campaign and other public appearances, and often hosting dignitaries at the prime minister's residence.

At times, prime ministers' spouses have used their public status to promote charitable causes: Mila Mulroney was a spokesperson for the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and other children's charities, Aline Chrétien was an active campaigner for literacy programs, and Laureen Harper was known for her support of animal welfare organizations such as the Ottawa Humane Society.

Many have also held an unofficial but influential role as a political or campaign advisor to their husbands: Laureen Harper was considered her husband's "secret weapon", whose instinctive sense of campaign optics proved invaluable to her husband's career; Harper, for example, was credited as the brains behind a public appearance in which her husband, Prime Minister Stephen Harper, appeared on stage at Ottawa's National Arts Centre to sing the Beatles' "With a Little Help from My Friends", which was widely perceived as softening the prime minister's somewhat stiff and bureaucratic public image. Despite her relatively low public profile, Aline Chrétien was also recognized as a powerful advisor to her husband; Maclean's magazine once wrote, "Never mind calling her the power behind the throne—she shares the seat of power", and columnist Allan Fotheringham later called her the second most powerful political figure in Canada, behind her husband but ahead of any elected member of Parliament or any staffer in the Prime Minister's Office.

Some prime ministers' spouses have also attracted attention for other reasons: Maryon Pearson was noted for her prickly wit, having made a number of famous quips which are still regularly featured in anthologies of famous quotations. Margaret Trudeau, whom Pierre Trudeau married while in office, became a notable celebrity in her own right, most famously when she was featured on the covers of international tabloids after being seen partying at Studio 54. Maureen McTeer, spouse of Joe Clark, attracted controversy when she became the first spouse of a prime minister to retain her own surname after marriage. Mila Mulroney also rose to some notoriety due to her spending habits, and was satirized in Frank as Imelda because of her purportedly large collection of shoes.

Because the role of a prime minister's spouse is not formally defined, however, a spouse may face criticism over her public visibility itself. In 2016, Sophie Grégoire Trudeau faced some controversy when she stated in an interview that she needed a staff assistant to keep on top of all the requests she received for public and charitable appearances, which some critics described as coming from a sense of personal entitlement or an attempt to turn herself into a First Lady.

Other notes
Canada has had two prime ministers who were bachelors, William Lyon Mackenzie King and R.B. Bennett. Mackenzie Bowell, a widower whose wife, Harriet, died in 1884, was also not married during his term in office. Pierre Trudeau began his term as a bachelor, became the first Canadian prime minister to get married while in office and ended it as Canada's first divorced prime minister.

Three other Canadian prime ministers–Alexander Mackenzie, John Diefenbaker, and John A. Macdonald—were widowers who remarried before becoming prime minister. Macdonald, Canada's first prime minister, had been a widower for ten years while in office in the former Province of Canada. His first wife was Isabella Clark, who died in 1857. Macdonald married his second wife, Agnes Bernard, while in London in 1867, during the final negotiations leading up to Confederation. Mackenzie's first wife was Helen Neil, and Diefenbaker's was Edna Brower.

Canada has also had one female prime minister, Kim Campbell. As she had finalized her divorce from her second husband, Howard Eddy, in early 1993, there has never been a male spouse of the prime minister (although Campbell's first husband, Nathan Divinsky, did try to attract media attention in 1993 by billing himself as the ex-husband of the prime minister). She briefly dated Gregory Lekhtman, the inventor of Exerlopers, during her term as prime minister, but kept the relationship private and did not involve him in the 1993 election campaign. In 1997, after her prime ministership, she entered into a common-law marriage with Hershey Felder.

Maureen McTeer maintained a career during her life at 24 Sussex; although several others have had independent careers prior to their spouse's term as prime minister, all others have put their own careers on hold to concentrate on the public and ceremonial and philanthropic aspects of their role as a leader's spouse. McTeer was also the only spouse of a prime minister to use her birth surname, rather than her husband's surname, in her public life; although Laureen (Teskey) Harper and Sophie Grégoire Trudeau both used their birth surnames prior to their husbands becoming prime ministers, both opted to minimize any controversy by using their husband's surname once they were elevated to the public role of a prime minister's spouse. Grégoire Trudeau did, however, become the first spouse of a prime minister to use her husband's surname with her own.

title: Spouse of the prime minister of Canada


text:
Cartan

Cartan may refer to:

 * Élie Cartan (1869–1951), French mathematician who worked with Lie groups
 * Henri Cartan (1904–2008), French mathematician who worked in algebraic topology, son of Élie Cartan
 * Anna Cartan (1878–1923), French mathematician and teacher, sister of Élie Cartan
 * Cartan (crater), a lunar crater named for Élie Cartan
 * Badea Cârțan (1849–1911), Austro-Hungarian Romanian activist

title: Cartan


text:
User:Jameyhammock

Registered 12/03/2003

To-do list
 * Petra

title: User:Jameyhammock


text:
Westminster Theological Seminary

Westminster Theological Seminary (WTS) is a Protestant theological seminary in the Reformed theological tradition in Glenside, Pennsylvania. It was founded by members of the faculty of Princeton Theological Seminary in 1929 after Princeton chose to take a liberal direction during the Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy.

History
Westminster Theological Seminary was formed in 1929, largely under the leadership and funding of J. Gresham Machen. Though independent, it has a close relationship with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, which Machen helped found in 1936. The seminary was founded by members of the faculty of Princeton Theological Seminary, following a controversy over the liberal direction that Princeton was beginning to take. Westminster Theological Seminary considers itself to be the faithful continuation of Princeton's historic theological tradition. Many of the founders of Westminster, including Machen, John Murray, Oswald Allis, Robert Dick Wilson, and Cornelius Van Til, had been professors at Princeton prior to the controversy. The first president of the seminary was Edmund Clowney, who served from 1966 until 1984. He was followed by George C. Fuller and Samuel T. Logan. The current president is Peter Lillback, who also serves as a professor of historical theology. In 1982, the California branch of Westminster became an independent institution, the Westminster Seminary California, and in 2009 the Dallas branch was established as Redeemer Theological Seminary and since 2017 has been Reformed Theological Seminary's Dallas campus.

In 2011, Westminster signed a Memorandum of Understanding with International Reformed Evangelical Seminary in Jakarta, Indonesia. The two schools have been publishing the journals: International Journal of Reformed Theology and Life and Unio Cum Christo. Westminster also created an endowment for the Stephen Tong Chair of Reformed Theology the same year.

Theological position
In Philadelphia on September 25, 1929, J. Gresham Machen declared the following in his inaugural address: "'We believe, first, that the Christian religion, as set forth in the Confession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church, is true; we believe, second, that the Christian religion welcomes and is capable of scholarly defense; and we believe, third, that the Christian religion should be proclaimed without fear or favor, and in clear opposition to whatever opposes it, whether from within or without the church, as the only way of salvation for lost mankind. On that platform, brethren, we stand. Pray that we may be enabled by God’s grace to stand firm. Pray that the students who go forth from Westminster Theological Seminary may know Christ as their own Savior and may proclaim to others the gospel of his love.'" The current board and faculty continue to hold to this original vision. All trustees and faculty members are required to affirm their agreement with the theological perspective presented in the Westminster Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, the core doctrinal statements of many Presbyterian denominations.

Westminster's strict adherence to the Westminster Standards and to Protestant theology in general has led to several dismissals of tenured faculty members since 1980. In 1981, theology professor Norman Shepherd was dismissed from Westminster due to his views on the doctrine of justification by faith alone. In 2008, Old Testament professor Peter Enns was dismissed from Westminster over controversial views expressed in his book Inspiration and Incarnation: Evangelicals and the Problem of the Old Testament, and in 2014 Old Testament professor Douglas Green was terminated from his position over his views on the relationship between the Old Testament and the New Testament.

In the early 1990s, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools disputed with Westminster because of its refusal to give women membership on the board of trustees. The accrediting body backed down after the United States Department of Education took the seminary's side in the dispute.

Accreditation
Westminster, under a charter from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted in 1930 and as subsequently amended, has the power to grant the degrees of Master of Arts in Counseling, Master of Arts (Religion), Master of Divinity, Master of Theology, Doctor of Ministry, and Doctor of Philosophy.

Since 1954, Westminster is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. It is also accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada.

Academics
The seminary currently offers the following degrees:
 * Master of Arts (MA)
 * Master of Divinity (M.Div.)
 * Master of Theology (Th.M.)
 * Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.)
 * Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

Westminster publishes the semi-annual Westminster Theological Journal.

Legacy
According to Roger E. Olson, Westminster has had an influence on evangelicalism far beyond its size. Beyond Westminster's impact in the theological realm, the pioneering work of J. Alan Groves and his students has produced the codification of the Westminster Leningrad Codex, which underlies all modern Bible software.

Leadership

 * Edmund Clowney (1966–1984)
 * George C. Fuller (1984–1991)
 * Samuel T. Logan (1991–2005)
 * Peter Lillback (2005–present)

Notable faculty (past and present)

 * Jay E. Adams
 * Oswald Thompson Allis
 * Gregory Beale
 * Harvie M. Conn
 * Ray Dillard
 * William Edgar
 * Peter Enns
 * Sinclair Ferguson
 * John Frame
 * Richard Gaffin
 * Richard Gamble
 * John Gerstner
 * Robert Godfrey
 * J. Alan Groves
 * R. Laird Harris
 * D. G. Hart
 * Philip Edgecumbe Hughes
 * Kent Hughes
 * Rienk Kuiper
 * Peter Lillback
 * Tremper Longman
 * John Gresham Machen
 * Allan MacRae
 * Jack Miller
 * John Murray
 * Manuel Ortiz
 * Vern Poythress
 * O. Palmer Robertson
 * Norman Shepherd
 * Moisés Silva
 * Ned Bernard Stonehouse
 * Carl R. Trueman
 * Chad Van Dixhoorn
 * Cornelius Van Til
 * Bruce Waltke
 * Robert Dick Wilson
 * Paul Woolley
 * Edward Joseph Young

Notable alumni

 * Greg Bahnsen
 * Susan Wise Bauer
 * Joel Beeke
 * Alistair Begg
 * Ralph Blair
 * Robert M. Bowman, Jr.
 * Anthony Bradley
 * Eugene S. Callender
 * Edward John Carnell
 * Stafford Carson
 * Edmund Clowney
 * Harvie M. Conn
 * Jack Cottrell
 * Glenn Davies
 * Stephen Dempster
 * Mariano Di Gangi
 * Ray Dillard
 * Chad Van Dixhoorn
 * William Edgar
 * Peter Enns
 * John Frame
 * Bob Fu
 * Richard Gaffin
 * John Gerstner
 * Bruce L. Gordon
 * Thomas David Gordon
 * J. Alan Groves
 * Wayne Grudem
 * Chulha Han
 * Allan Harman
 * Edward F. Hills
 * Paul King Jewett
 * Karen H. Jobes
 * James B. Jordan
 * Gordon Keddie
 * Timothy Keller
 * John Euiwhan Kim
 * Meredith Kline
 * William L. Lane
 * Peter Leithart
 * Robert Letham
 * Peter Lillback
 * Samuel T. Logan
 * Tremper Longman
 * George Marsden
 * Taylor Marshall
 * Carl McIntire
 * J. Ramsey Michaels
 * Bruce Miller
 * C. John Miller
 * Robert Morey
 * Harold Ockenga
 * Deok-Kyo Oh
 * C. Herbert Oliver
 * Manuel Ortiz
 * Yun Sun Park
 * Vern Poythress
 * Richard L. Pratt, Jr.
 * H. Evan Runner
 * Philip Ryken
 * Francis Schaeffer
 * Moisés Silva
 * James Skillen
 * Bong-Ho Son
 * Robert Sungenis
 * Joni Eareckson Tada
 * Willem A. VanGemeren
 * Kevin Vanhoozer
 * Marten Woudstra
 * Luder Whitlock

title: Westminster Theological Seminary


text:
Jonas Carlsson Dryander

Jonas Carlsson Dryander (5 March 1748 – 19 October 1810) was a Swedish botanist.

Biography
Dryander was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. He was the son of Carl Leonard Dryander and Brita Maria Montin. He was a pupil of Carl Linnaeus at Uppsala University. He entered Lund University in 1778 and received his Master of Philosophy in 1778.

He arrived in London on 10 July 1777. He became associated with Sir Joseph Banks and, following the death of  Swedish naturalist  Daniel Solander in 1782, was the librarian of the Royal Society and vice-president of the Linnean Society of London.

Dryander's publications included Catalogus bibliothecae historico-naturalis Josephi Banks (1796-1800).

In 1784, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The genus Dryandra was named in his honour by his friend and fellow scientist Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828) and Robert Brown named Grevillea dryandri in his honour.

title: Jonas Carlsson Dryander


text:
Talk:Appalachian Mountains

Incomplete primary maps
Shouldn't a map of the Appalachian Mountains featured in this article include more than just the extent of the range within the United States? They also extend into the Maritime provinces, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and the island of Newfoundland, do they not? That means they lie within three countries—the U.S., Canada and a territory of France. A primary map ought to cover this extent. - Gilgamesh (talk) 08:00, 19 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I came here to post this exact same concern only to discover I'd already done so back in 2019 and forgot about it. This article still needs a primary Appalachian map that includes more than just United States territory. - Gilgamesh (talk) 01:16, 9 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I have been looking diligently for a map that crosses the border. Unfortunately, free use maps tend to be published by the governments, and government maps tend to be constrained by political instead of physical boundaries.  The search will continue. Deanrah (talk) 12:04, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Map_of_Appalachian_Highlands_and_Appalachian_Lowlands.png
 * An attempt to integrate the Canadian government and US government's physiographic regions. Comments are welcome. Deanrah (talk) 18:09, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
 * File:Appalachian Uplands Canada.png Deanrah (talk) 18:21, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

Appalachian Mountains are not located in France. That would be the Alps.
I removed France from the list of countries section. This correction was reverted I believe in error, possibly automatically. If a reason can be given, or if the correction can be reinstated, that would be great. Thanks! - BananaSepps (talk) 23:25, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

 * There's an apparently reliable source which says it's part of France. If you want to alter that, you'll need an equally valid source which tells the reader why this is no longer a fact TEDickey (talk) 23:40, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

 * As surprising as it may seem, the Appalachians apparently extend as far north as Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which is indeed an overseas territory of France; . OhNo itsJamie Talk 01:56, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * It might be worth footnoting just to avoid confusion. 74.73.224.126 (talk) 19:01, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreeing with that, there are persistent editors who do not bother with reliable sources, but provide their own facts TEDickey (talk) 18:53, 14 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Where is the reliable source that says the mountains run through Saint Pierre and Miquelon? That needs to be in a note that explains this unusual situation.   Deanrah (talk) 01:22, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Read the thread: a previous comment points to the CIA Factbook. Independently of that, I can see a paper whose abstract says "The islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon are part of the Avalon Zone, located in the northern Appalachian Oregon of North America. The geology of St. Pierre and Miquelon is similar to that of the Burin peninsula in Newfoundland. U-Pb and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on plutonic units intruding a foliated metamorphic unit establishes the existence of a ca. 610-620 Ma magmatic event, significantly older than the ca 580 Ma of the volcanic St. Pierre Group".  If you're able to copy/paste from other documents, you can do the same for this TEDickey (talk) 07:49, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Endnote and reference included to clarify that the Appalachians don't cross into Europe. Deanrah (talk) 20:22, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

New introductory section to more broadly define Appalachian Mountains
The article leaves the reader confused about the Appalachian Mountains (a broad somewhat undefined mountain range in the eastern portion of North America, many times compared to the Rocky Mountains) from the Appalachian Plateau, one of the 25 physiographic provinces of the United States. Perhaps most importantly, as defined in the map shown, the Appalachian Mountains include the Blue Ridge Mountains that are over 1.2 billion years old compared to the Appalachian Plateau which is only 480 million years old.

Deanrah (talk) 19:57, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Proposed insertion as a note.

 * This article uses the most broad classification to describe the Appalachian Mountains. It provides detailed information on one of the two major mountain ranges that run through North America, not just through the United States. It is more broad than other classifications that use the "Appalachian" moniker.  The Appalachian Highlands are one of eight physiographic regions that are used by the USGS to divide the United States.  A subdivision of that classification system uses the term "Appalachian Plateau" to define a province in that schema. The Appalachian/Alleghanian orogeny is a very specific mountain-building event that shaped part of the mountain range between 325 to 250 million years ago.  Deanrah (talk) 20:15, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Remove phrase saying the Appalachian Mountains were formed 480 million years ago.
I propose removing this phrase:

__________________

"The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. "

___________________

Reason 1: In the definition implied in this article, the Appalachians are the entire system that includes the Blue Ridge Mountains that were formed during the Grenville Orogeny between 1.3 billion years ago and 1.0 billion years ago.

Reference: Birth of the Mountains:  The Geologic Story of the Southern Appalachians.

A Supercontinent Forms

The rocks at the core of the Appalachian Mountains formed more than a billion years ago. At that time, all of the continents were joined together in a single supercontinent surrounded by a single ocean. Remnants of the supercontinent make up much of the North American core and are composed of minerals that are more than a billion years old. We can see fragments of the billion-year-old supercontinent (shown in red, fig. 5) at the surface in many places in the Appalachian Mountains. Examples include Blowing Rock in northern North Carolina and Red Top Mountain in northern Georgia.

Reason 2: There is no reference specifically to this sentence.

Reason 3: Current reference 4 one sentence later does not say that the Appalachians were formed 480 million years ago. It says "The Appalachians, a heavily forested mountain range stretching more than 1500 kilometers from Georgia to Maine, were not always so tranquil. In fact, about 460 million years ago during the Ordovician period, they were the site of one of the most violent volcanic events in Earth's history. As the eastern edge of what became the North American continental plate overrode the basin of an ancient ocean, numerous volcanoes sprang up in what are today the Taconic Mountains of New York state and New England. The volcanoes spewed enough lava to form mountains as high and rugged as the Alps. They also belched out more carbon dioxide (CO2) than at any time in Earth's past, creating greenhouse-gas levels as great as 20 times higher than they are today."

Reason 4: Current reference 5 at the same place as reference 4 talks about the Smoky Mountains. These mountains are a section of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The second paragraph of that article says "Great Smoky Mountains National Park lies within the Appalachian Blue Ridge geologic and physiographic province. The highest mountains in eastern North America occur in the Blue Ridge province, and some of the highest peaks in this province are in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The oldest rocks in the Blue Ridge province are at least 1 billion years old and consist of metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks. These Proterozoic rocks form the core of the ancient Appalachian Mountains. Sediments deposited over these older rocks form the majority of rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park."

Deanrah (talk) 20:54, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Completed August 14, 2023, 3:42 EDT. Deanrah (talk) 19:42, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Appalachian Mountains


text:
Judd Nelson

Judd Asher Nelson (born November 28, 1959) is an American actor. His acting roles include Hot Rod/Rodimus Prime in The Transformers: The Movie, John Bender in The Breakfast Club, Alec Newbury in St. Elmo's Fire, Alex in Cybermutt, Joe Hunt in Billionaire Boys Club, Nick Peretti in New Jack City, Billy Beretti in Empire, and Jack Richmond in the television series Suddenly Susan.

Early life
Nelson was born in Portland, Maine, the son of Merle Nelson (née Royte), a court mediator and former member of the Maine House of Representatives, and Leonard Nelson, a corporate lawyer. He grew up in a Conservative Jewish home although his family did not keep kosher. His father was the first Jewish president of the Portland Symphony Orchestra. He has two sisters, Eve and Julie.

He went to school at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire and Waynflete School in Portland, Maine. While at St Paul's School, an Episcopalian school, he started embracing his Jewish identity after experiencing antisemitism. He studied at Haverford College in Pennsylvania, leaving during his sophomore year. He subsequently moved to Manhattan to study acting with Stella Adler.

1980s
Nelson began acting in the mid-1980s, starring in Making the Grade (1984), and in Fandango (1985) opposite Kevin Costner. It was his roles in John Hughes's The Breakfast Club (1985) and Joel Schumacher's St. Elmo's Fire (1985) that made Nelson a star. He was affiliated with the Brat Pack of young 1980s actors, along with Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Rob Lowe, Andrew McCarthy, Demi Moore, Molly Ringwald, and Ally Sheedy. The St. Elmo's Fire (Man in Motion) music video – also directed by Schumacher – reached No. 1 in the US (1985). It was written by David Foster and John Parr and performed by John Parr. Nelson appears in the video. He also appeared on a video for the Simple Minds' song "Don't You (Forget About Me)", from The Breakfast Club, in which members of the "Pack" feature prominently. A subsequent article in New York magazine, which focused primarily on the success of these films, resulted in the term "Brat Pack" being coined.

In 1986 Nelson provided the voice of Hot Rod/Rodimus Prime in The Transformers: The Movie and teamed up with Breakfast Club alumna Ally Sheedy for a third time in Blue City. He also provided narration for Bill Couturie's Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam, a critically acclaimed war documentary that featured a cast including Tom Berenger, Robert De Niro, Willem Dafoe, and Matt Dillon. Film critic Roger Ebert praised the documentary, and it maintains a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

He starred opposite Burt Reynolds in the ABC Afterschool Special Shattered If Your Kid's On Drugs, which also featured Megan Follows and Dermot Mulroney. In 1987 he starred in the Bob Clark courtroom comedy From the Hip, which co-starred John Hurt and Elizabeth Perkins; he also provided a stand-out performance in Billionaire Boys Club, a courtroom thriller based on actual events; his performance earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor in a Mini-Series. In late 1988 he played Konstantin in Chekhov's The Seagull directed by Charles Marowitz at the Los Angeles Theatre Center, earning praise, as did the entire production.

Nelson closed the 1980s with the William Lustig thriller, Relentless (1989), in which he plays a Los Angeles serial killer hunted by two police officers (Robert Loggia and Leo Rossi); he provided a cameo in the Adam Rifkin road film Never on Tuesday (1989) along with Nicolas Cage, Cary Elwes, Emilio Estevez and Charlie Sheen; and appeared in Tommy Chong's Far Out Man (1989) with Rae Dawn Chong and C. Thomas Howell.

Key TV roles in the 1980s included Moonlighting (1986) – episode "Camille" – in which he played a police officer opposite Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis.

1990s
Nelson began the 1990s with a starring role opposite Max von Sydow in the World War II drama Hiroshima: Out of the Ashes (1990). The film focused on the horror of the Hiroshima bombing. It co-stars Mako Iwamatsu and Pat Morita. In the Fall of 1990 he appeared on stage in Chicago and New York in Jules Feiffer's Carnal Knowledge with Jon Cryer. He then worked for a second time with Adam Rifkin, this time starring in The Dark Backward (1991) with Bill Paxton. This quirky comedy featured fellow actor Rob Lowe, as well as Lara Flynn Boyle, James Caan, and Wayne Newton. Nelson plays the worst comedian in stand-up comedy history.

In 1991, he had a starring role in the Mario Van Peebles-directed New Jack City, an urban gangster film with Wesley Snipes, Ice-T, Vanessa A. Williams, and Chris Rock. The film was a commercial success. He then had a special guest appearance in the HBO TV series Tales from the Crypt – on the episode What's Cookin (1992) – with Christopher Reeve and Meat Loaf, followed by a starring role with Richard Jordan in the thriller Primary Motive (1992), and a similar role in Entangled (1993) opposite Pierce Brosnan, which was set in Paris.

In 1994 Nelson appeared with Steve Buscemi, Chris Farley, and Adam Sandler in the comedy Airheads, with Gina Gershon in the psychological thriller Flinch, and with then partner Shannen Doherty in the thriller Blindfold: Acts of Obsession. Nelson wrote, produced, and starred in the thriller Every Breath in which he co-starred with Joanna Pacula. He headlined the Australian thriller, Blackwater Trail (1995), with Peter Phelps. He had a starring role on the NBC television sitcom Suddenly Susan (1996), which saw success for a four-season run. He had a starring role in the Shaquille O'Neal movie Steel (1997). The film also starred Annabeth Gish and Richard Roundtree (Steel was a commercial flop).

Nelson wrapped up the 1990s with another urban gangster thriller, Light It Up (1999), which featured an ensemble cast including R&B singer/actor Usher Raymond (in his first leading role), Rosario Dawson, Forest Whitaker, and Vanessa L. Williams. He played Alan Freed in the latter's life story, Mr. Rock 'N' Roll: The Alan Freed Story (1999) opposite Mädchen Amick and Paula Abdul.

2000s to present day
In the 21st century, Nelson has appeared in such TV series as The Outer Limits (2000), CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2006), CSI: NY (2007), Las Vegas (2007), Eleventh Hour (2008) as a psychologist researching soldiers returning from Iraq who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, Psych (2010), and a recurring role in Two and a Half Men (2010) with Charlie Sheen.

Films include the psychological thriller Cabin by the Lake (2000), its sequel Return to Cabin by the Lake (2001), and a cameo appearance in the 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back; the film's writer-director, Kevin Smith, had been a long-time fan of Nelson and the "Brat Pack" films. In 2002 he co-starred with Lauren Holly in Santa Jr. and reprised his role as John Bender in an episode of Family Guy (2007). Later, Nelson reprised his role of Rodimus Prime in Transformers Animated (2009) and appeared in The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009), the latter with Julie Benz, Billy Connolly, Sean Patrick Flanery, and Peter Fonda.

He portrayed Father Charley Lock on Brookwood Sleazebags (2010), a pilot he did for HBO. In 2012, Nelson played the role of Headmaster Nash in the live-action feature film Bad Kids Go to Hell, based on the graphic novel of the same name. The same year, Nelson co-wrote and starred in the short film The Spin Room: Super Tuesday. Nelson reprised his role as Rodimus in Transformers: Animated and voiced Ben 10,000, Eon, and Atomic-X in Ben 10: Omniverse.

In 2013, Nelson authored four books released on Kindle: The Power of Speech, Nine of Diamonds, The Gig, and Water Music.

Nelson played a pivotal role in the final season of Nikita.

Nelson played a lead role in the 2010 Hallmark movie, Cancel Christmas. He portrayed Chris Frost, who is also Santa Claus.

In 2019, he starred in the suspense thriller, Dead Water.

In 2021, Nelson starred as Don Cody in the Lifetime film Girl in the Basement which was inspired by the Fritzl case.

title: Judd Nelson