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Talk:German

19th century dances
Question for you, please. I find references to dances at the turn of the 19th century into the 20th, referring to them as "germans." Can you elaborate on that, at all?
 * According to American Heritage dictionary: "Short for German cotillion".

Why is this a disambig page?
I am a crazy guy, but how can adjectives be encyclopedic? There is only one thing called German, and that's the language. German can also mean a person from Germany, but that entry would consist of a definition. Yes, the word German is also an adjective, but there are no entries on adjectives, just on things.

I propose moving German language here, putting the current contents of the disambig page to something like "German topics," and adding a link to that at the top of the German language article. Any thoughts? Wnissen 14:37, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. There are literally hundreds of articles on Wikipedia (and more being created every day) that refer to "Johann Schmidt, a German chemist" or "the German Army" or "German immigrants in Texas" and so on. We need a disambig page for the benefit of users who click on those links. See also French, Spanish, Italian, etc., all of which are disambig pages. --Russ Blau (talk) 18:32, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Russ, we need correct links for that, not dab pages. The reason we have dab pages is because "German" can refer to both language and the ethnic group and because there's no point in deciding that no one will ever search for "German" when actually looking for "Germans". That's why we use the disambiguator titles "German language" and "German people". Vague linking is just as much a problem as vague searches.
 * Peter Isotalo 19:11, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Worse German and "greater" Germanic are often confused in early medieval articles. Even when talking about dialects in Germany, the nomenclature is confusing ("German" being Hoch Deutsch, and many German dialects (Platt-Deutsch) not being part of that). I actually arrived here from pages about Charlemagne and Rhenish dialects

Help
I would need help with expanding 2006 German troops controversy. Thanks. --Striver 21:12, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Relevance of Nazism in this article
I would strongly suggest that featuring Nazism as a possible meaning of "German" is a bad piece of POV. 84.0.216.199 12:02, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

RfC: Pruning down
I've repeatedly proposed a pruning down of this page to only the most relevant entries, which was several times reverted by User:R9tgokunks. Let me explain once more:

As per WP:DAB and WP:MOSDAB, only pages with titles whose names could seriously be confused with each other should be linked to from disambiguation pages. The test is: if a person enters "German" in the searchbox, or if an editor decides to link to "German" from another article, is there a chance that they really expect to land at article "X"?

Cases:
 * the variants of the German language: not relevant. If you want to go to the Austrian German article, you'll type "Austrian German". If you type "German", you want German language as a whole.
 * Same for the various national and sub-national groups: Saxons, Bavarians, etc. These are hyponyms of "German", not synonyms. If you want "Saxon", you'll type "Saxon".
 * Germanic culture - is plain wrong here
 * German nationality law, Demographics of Germany - these are pages that can be linked to from the main article German people or Germany etc. They contain some explanation of what "German" means in different contexts, but they are not what a person expects to find when typing "German" in the searchbox.
 * Germany - linked to twice, redundantly
 * Placenames:
 * Germantown is not called "German". It only has "German" as part of its name. Not confusable.
 * German Language Village Waldse (camp) - totally irrelevant, misspelled, article doesn't exist; probably a spam addition.
 * Terminology explanation ("Archaic and incorrect usage synonymously with Germanic or Germanic peoples in English translations of ancient Latin text, as English either lacked an appropriate translation or has a very confusing homonym"): POV ("incorrect"), not precise enough (confusion doesn't hold only in translations from Latin), too long, textually incomplete without the table that R9tgokunks removed in his latest edit ; plus it contains further wiki links unrelated to the disambiguation. Dab pages should not have any non-dab links. This can be handled much more briefly.
 * "See also" section: swamped with loosely associated links that are in no way confusable. In most cases, readers will understand how these are supposedly related to "German" only after they've read the articles (Nemec, Deitsch, Gothic, etc.). Therefore, nothing that helps readers navigate from here.

Fut.Perf. ☼ 06:30, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with your assessment. In its current state, it's hardly a disambiguation page anymore.  The entire "See also" section is contradictory to WP:MOSDAB guidelines for that section.  Andrwsc 06:47, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Terse is better. when it comes to DAB pages. Prefer version 119252972 timestamped 12:31 UTC, 31 March 2007 to 119200456 timestamped  04:03 UTC, 31 March 2007. The editor of the earlier version seems inclined to think of a DAB as a place to deposit a link to all things German, no matter how faint the association may be. In contrast, a DAB is specifically for documenting the multiple articles associated with a particular letter pattern that a user is likely to type into a search box, and to furnish links to every article which may directly associate with the letter pattern. If other editors agree with my interpretation of the disambiguation page guideline, then they may share my questioning of the first bullet point on the page: The Federal Republic of German y . That is for the Germany disambiguation page, intended for that letter pattern. I think all the links in the entire See also section ought to be redistributed to the various articles, mainly to further the aim of terseness. A disambiguation page is a necessary inconvenience arising from the sad fact that particular letter pattern may associate with more than one article, so editors are compelled to ask users to pick one among various likely links, when users would rather go directly to a target. That's why a DAB must be short to fit on a screen that may have as low a resolution as 640x480 — old computers are still in use — and unconfusing. It should simply offer users a simple choice of alternate destinations. Any more than that is overkill. Take care. — Gosgood 15:47, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

I agree completely with simplifying this disambiguation page (not article). Olessi 17:43, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

 * This page continues to be a mess. It is a disambiguation page, people!  It is supposed to help people who type "German" in the search box.  It is not supposed to define terms, include synonyms or related terms, include definitions or embellishment of terms, include references and footnotes, etc.  Please read MOS:DAB for guidelines.  Andrwsc 20:52, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Further: take a look at Italian and French, similar kinds of disambiguation pages. That's what this one should look like too.  Andrwsc 21:08, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

"Tysk" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Tysk. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 3 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Soumya-8974 talk contribs subpages 08:53, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Citizens
What do you mean by your reason "Maybe, but it's not a valid entry"? The term "Germans" refers to ethnic Germans and the citizens of Germany. What is your problem with the addition of "citizens of Germany" in the "Common uses" section?--LeftiePete (talk) 23:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Entries on a disambiguation page need to follow disambiguation guidelines which require a navigable blue link that supports the usage. older ≠ wiser 23:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
 * The German nationality law should be sufficient.--LeftiePete (talk) 00:00, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:German


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Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)

The Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 was fought between Sweden and Russia from June 1788 to August 1790. The war was ended by the Treaty of Värälä on 14 August 1790 and took place concomitantly with both the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791), Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) and Theatre War. The war was, overall, mostly insignificant for the parties involved.

King Gustav III of Sweden initiated the war for domestic political reasons, hoping to gain support from the opposition. Despite forming an alliance with the Ottoman Empire, Sweden failed to secure support from Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Prussia. Sweden's initial plan to attack Saint Petersburg and instigate a coup to depose Empress Catherine II did not materialize. The war led to Denmark–Norway declaring war on Sweden, but peace was eventually signed on 9 July 1789 after diplomatic intervention by Great Britain and Prussia.

During the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790, Sweden attempted to prevent Russian ships from cutting off coastal sea routes by building fortifications at Hangö and on its surrounding islands. Both Swedish and Russian navies engaged in multiple indecisive battles throughout the conflict, such as the Battle of Öland and the First and Second Battle of Svensksund. The last-mentioned naval battle was the biggest success of the Swedes in this war, whereas the highest Russian success at sea was the Battle of Reval. The war on land was marked by numerous skirmishes and shifting front lines but ultimately remained a stalemate. King Gustav III of Sweden, realizing the difficulty of defeating Russia and facing mounting war expenses, sought peace. Empress Catherine II of Russia, distracted by other conflicts and concerns, also desired peace. Overall, the war did not provide any lasting solutions to their respective domestic issues.

Background
The conflict was initiated by King Gustav III of Sweden for domestic political reasons, as he believed that a short war would leave the opposition with no recourse but to support him. Despite establishing himself as an autocrat in a bloodless coup d'état that ended parliamentary rule in 1772, his political powers did not give him the right to start a war. He was also becoming increasingly unpopular, an issue which became obvious during the parliament session of 1786. This unpopularity was also encouraged by Russia, which believed an autocratic king to be a threat to its interests. However, Russian support for his opposition did not go unnoticed by Gustav III, and was one of the reasons why he thought of the war as inevitable. The Western powers — such as Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Prussia — were alarmed by a string of Russian victories in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) and lobbied for the war in the north, which would have diverted the attention of Catherine II of Russia from the Southern theatre. It was at their instigation that Gustav concluded an alliance with the Ottoman Empire in the summer of 1788. However, only the Ottoman Empire was willing to ally with Sweden while Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Prussia rejected efforts to form an alliance.

Before the grand opening of the Riksdag in 1789, King Gustav III had the Riksdag Music commissioned. The Parliament then decided on the creation of a National Debt Office to raise funds and finance the war, a move that gave rise to a wave of inflation of the Swedish riksdaler.

Preparations for the war
The Swedes initially planned a naval assault on Saint Petersburg. One Swedish army was to advance through Finland; a second army, accompanied by the Swedish coastal flotilla, was to advance along the Finnish coast into the Gulf of Finland; while a third army sailed with the Swedish battlefleet in order to land at Oranienbaum to advance on Saint Petersburg. The goal was to instigate a coup de état in Russia and depose Empress Catherine II. Sveaborg was set as the forward base of operations for the campaign. However, the whole concept was based on the assumption that the Swedish open sea fleet would be able to decisively defeat its Russian counterpart. Incidentally, Russian forces were not totally unprepared for the war since the bulk of the Russian Baltic Fleet was planned to be transferred against the Ottoman Empire and had made preparations of its own for war. War was far from popular, even less so in the eastern part of Sweden (Finland). Even senior military leaders voiced their opposition to the plans to go to war. Especially amongst the officers of the army, unrest spread widely. This could partly be explained by the still remaining supporters of Georg Magnus Sprengtporten's plans for Finnish independence.

In 1788, a head tailor of the Royal Swedish Opera received an order to sew a number of Russian military uniforms that later were used in an exchange of gunfire at Puumala, a Swedish outpost on the Russo-Swedish border, on 27 June 1788. The staged attack, which caused outrage in Stockholm, was to convince the Riksdag of the Estates and to provide Gustav with an excuse to declare a "defensive war" on Russia. This was important since Gustav III did not have the constitutional right to start an offensive war without the agreement of the estates, who had already made clear that their acceptance would not be forthcoming.

1788
The Swedish open sea fleet sailed from Karlskrona on 9 June 1788, with Duke Charles of Södermanland as its commander. On 21 June the fleet met a Russian squadron off Saaremaa island and after chasing the Russians down tried to provoke a conflict by demanding Russians render honours to the Swedes from which Russians had been exempted in the previous peace treaties. Vice Admiral Wilhelm von Dessin who commanded the small Russian squadron agreed to render honours to Duke Charles but not to the Swedish flag and managed to dissolve the threatening situation and continue towards Copenhagen. Since the Swedish wanted to avoid initiating the conflict they had lost their chance to provoke the Russians into war and were left empty-handed.

On 7 July the Swedish fleet was notified that a state of war with Russia was in effect, and already on 8 July surprised two unprepared Russian frigates – 32-gun Jaroslavets (Jarislawits) and 24-gun Hektor (Gektor) – which were promptly captured together with their crew of 450 men. The Swedish fleet met a Russian fleet sailing under the command of Admiral Samuel Greig and fought an engagement, the Battle of Hogland, in which neither side managed to gain advantage. Upon return to Sveaborg to repair and resupply Duke Charles' fleet, the Swedes found that Sveaborg had been stocked only with coastal fleet in mind, which amongst other things meant that it did not store ammunition for the heavy cannons of the open sea fleet and lacked suitable stocks of equipment required to repair large sailing ships.

The coastal fleet's Stockholm's squadron departed for Finland on 25 June, carrying over 9,000 troops. It reached its destination of Sveaborg on 2 July and started constructing an encampment on the island of Sandhamn, next to Helsingfors. The coastal fleet's Sveaborg squadron under Colonel Michael Anckarsvärd had been readied for action already by mid-June. On 26 July, the coastal fleet under Colonel Anckarsvärd departed for Frederikshamn, carrying 6,000 men, while a 4,000-strong unit advanced on land under General Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt. The Swedish coastal fleet clashed briefly with a group of Russian galleys outside Frederikshamn on 28 July, and forced them to retire within the protection of the fortifications. Initial Swedish landing attempts began on 2 August but bad weather prevented the main force from landing and a Russian counterattack forced the 300-man Swedish landing party to return to their ships. On 3 August, landings were successful, some 10 km south-east of the town, and by the evening Swedish forces were advancing towards Frederikshamn. However, inspired Russian resistance in the early hours of 4 August convinced the Swedish landing force to return to its ships. Attempts to swiftly capture Frederikshamn ended in total failure for several reasons, one of the most glaring being the increasing unrest against the king amongst the officers.

Attempts by Colonel Berndt Johan Hastfer's 1,700-man-strong Savolax Brigade (Sweden) to storm Nyslott by surprise on 2 July ended in a siege which, given the besiegers' total lack of siege artillery, caused the Swedish advance to bog down. The siege had to be abandoned on 21 August. General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt the Younger's 4,000 men were to support the coastal fleet's capture of Frederikshamn and crossed the border on 18 July, reaching its staging ground just north of Frederikshamn on 20 July. A further 1,100 men were under the command of Colonel Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt. When the failure at Frederikshamn became apparent, the Swedish troops were pulled back to the border. The war being perceived illegal as it did not have the support of the estates, along with its lack of success, contributed to rising unrest. Already on 9 August, a group of officers had pleaded for peace with Russia, and on 12 August had signed what became known as the Anjala declaration, with the whole matter being later known as the Anjala conspiracy. King Gustav III's position, surrounded by rebellious officers, was greatly improved when news of a threat of war from Denmark–Norway became known and he could head back to Sweden on 25 August without being accused of deserting his troops.

The Swedish attack on Russia caused Denmark–Norway to declare war on Sweden in August, in accordance with its treaty obligations to Russia. A Norwegian army briefly invaded Sweden and won the Battle of Kvistrum Bridge, before peace was signed on 9 July 1789, following the diplomatic intervention of Great Britain and Prussia. Under their pressure, Denmark–Norway declared itself neutral in the conflict, bringing the Theatre War to an end.

The Russian fleet had already in early August, soon after the Battle of Hogland, moved to blockade the Swedish open sea fleet in Sveaborg, as the Swedes were unable to get their fleet ready for battle. A small detachment, under command of James Travene, from the Russian fleet cut the safe coastal sea route past Hangö in late August 1788. This caused severe supply troubles for the Swedish fleets and armies, which were mostly east of the cape. A small coastal fleet detachment under Lieutenant-Colonel Victor von Stedingk sortied to drive off the Russians, but lacked the strength to do so. After receiving reinforcements, the Swedes managed on 17 October to engage large Russian units for long enough for the small gunboats to slip past the blockade and protect the transports west of the cape, which probably saved the transports containing army and fleet supplies from capture. A few days later, the Russians abandoned their position, allowing Swedish transports to deliver supplies unhindered. Since Sveaborg could not repair and refit the ships of the open sea fleet, it had to set sail for Karlskrona. However, preparations and unsuitable weather delayed departure until 20 November, when the sea at Sveaborg was already frozen over and some ships had to be freed by sawing the ice open for them. The fleet, however, reached Karlskrona one week later without any losses, just days before that port also froze over.

1789
In an attempt to prevent Russian ships from cutting off coastal sea routes, the Swedes built several fortifications at Hangö and on its surrounding islands during the winter of 1788/1789. Additional fortifications were constructed west of Hangö, near Korpo. However, Porkala cape was left without fortifications. The bulk of the Swedish army in Finland, consisting of 13,000 men under General Johan August Meijerfeldt the Younger, was placed at the Kymmene river, with a further 5,000 men in Savolax. While the troops still lacked supplies, their discipline and morale had been greatly improved from what it had been in 1788. On the naval front, Sweden had not been so lucky; the crews of the open sea fleet based at Karlskrona suffered heavily from fever, making both fitting and manning the ships very difficult, and it took until 6 July before the fleet was able to set sail, under command of Duke Charles of Södermanland, who had the experienced naval officer Admiral Otto Henrik Nordenskjöld as his flag-captain.

In stark contrast to Swedish troubles, the Russian open sea fleet had set sail already in mid-May; by 22 May a few ships reconnoitered the Swedish defences at Hangö, but after a short engagement the Russian ships chose to break off. The main body of the Russian fleet under Admiral Vasily Chichagov met the Swedish fleet on 26 July, and engaged it in what became known as the Battle of Öland. As in the previous year, the battle was indecisive, with the Swedes heading to Karlskrona and the Russian fleet joining up with a Russian squadron from Danish waters. The raging epidemic then confined the Swedish fleet to Karlskrona for most of the year.

The Swedish coastal fleet had been unable to sail for Sweden for the winter and had to be fitted out in Finland. In addition to the problems, the commander of the coastal fleet Colonel Anckarsvärd was arrested for being involved with the Anjala conspiracy and replaced with Admiral Carl August Ehrensvärd. The Swedish coastal fleet was able to sail from Sveaborg in late May and moved to the vicinity of Frederikshamn. However, after Hangö had been fortified, the Russians had moved in to blockade the coastal sea route at Porkala on 10 June. This effectively split the Swedish coastal fleet, as reinforcements from Sweden were unable to join with the main body, putting the coastal fleet at a severe disadvantage against the Russian coastal fleet.

In mid-June 1789, the Russians attacked Savolax from three different directions, with total forces of roughly 10,000 men against 4,000 Swedish defenders. Despite a clear victory at the Battle of Porrassalmi, the Swedish army was forced to withdraw, leaving the important Puumala straits to the Russians. Meanwhile, King Gustav III had assumed control of the main body of the Swedish army and started an offensive towards Villmanstrand on 25 June. The Swedes won a resounding victory at Utti on 28 June, but instead of advancing to Villmanstrand, the king headed for Frederikshamn. Once again, however, the Swedish offensive was bogged down. It took until 18 July for Russian defences outside Frederikshamn to be cleared, and during this time the Russian army had kept moving its forces south from Savolax. Small detachments (roughly 2,000 men) sent to stop the Russians were defeated at Kaipiainen and the Swedish army had to withdraw to the border once again. The Russian departure from Savolax enabled Swedish units in the area under the command of Colonel Curt von Stedingk to go onto the offensive. His forces advanced towards Nyslott and won several engagements against the Russians, first at Parkuinmäki Hill and later at Laitaatsilta. When forces moved to their winter encampments, very little had changed from the spring, with the Savolax Brigade having recaptured lost land, and only Puumala had remaining in Russian control.

The Russian coastal fleet under Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen started attacking the Swedish coastal fleet on 15 August, by driving away the Swedish squadron which was scouting the area near Frederikshamn. This was followed by an attack against the main staging ground of the Swedish coastal fleet at Svensksund, leading to the first Battle of Svensksund. The Russians tried to take advantage of their victory over the Swedes with a co-ordinated offensive of both the coastal fleet and the army, which managed to drive the remaining Swedes beyond the Kymmene river. The battered Swedish coastal fleet was soon reinforced with ships from Sveaborg, while its commander Admiral Carl August Ehrensvärd was replaced, first by Colonel Carl Nathanael af Klercker, who oversaw the repairs, and later by Lieutenant-Colonel Georg Christian de Frese.

The Russian blockade caused considerable trouble to the Swedes. Starting already in early July, Swedish gunboats engaged the much larger Russians on a daily basis, under the command of Admiral Salomon von Rajalin, who was in overall command of the Swedish coastal fleet in the Porkala region. Since von Rajalin's forces lacked the strength to overpower the Russian blockade, they instead covered the Swedish transports in their passage through the Barösund strait. The Swedish forces were repeatedly reinforced during the summer and already in mid-July consisted of 2 frigates, 10 galleys and several gunboats. Several artillery batteries were constructed to protect the area. Fighting at sea near Porkala cape continued until September. The Russian blockade at Porkala was after 24 August 1789 under the command of Captain James Trevenen, who started the effort to break the Swedish hold on Barösund. The Russian attack against Barösund started on 18 September. The attacking force consisted of 4 ships of the line, 1 frigate and 6 cutters. Fighting continued for two hours and cost the Swedes a single galley and the Russians one ship of the line (Severny Oryol) and several others damaged, but it gained the Russians the control of the Barösund strait. Sporadic fighting in the archipelago near Porkala continued and on 23 September the Russians captured the island of Älgsjön from the Swedes, but lost it on 30 September when Swedish reinforcements under Colonel Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt arrived. The Russian fleet left the area suddenly on 23 October, possibly due to the news that the Swedish open sea fleet had set sail, which it had done on 13 October, only to return to Karlskrona on 22 October. The Russian departure opened the safe coastal sea route to Swedish transports.

1790
In 1790, King Gustav III revived the plan for a landing close to Saint Petersburg, this time near Vyborg. In addition, a determined effort was made to bolster the strength of the fleets as much as possible so as to be able to get them under sail as soon as possible. The coastal fleet especially was being reinforced with new and stronger ships, some of them donated by the various Swedish towns. The first action took place on 17 March 1790, when two Swedish frigates plundered the Russian-controlled port of Rågersvik (Baltiyskiy Port). Swedish squadrons from Stockholm started towards Sveaborg on 21 April and also from Pommern on 3 May. Even though the Swedish main effort was on the sea, they attacked also on land, where Swedes led by Colonel Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt defeated Russian defenders on 15 April in southern Savolax, while the army led by King Gustav III and Colonel Gustaf Wachtmeister won another victory in the Battle of Valkeala. A Russian attack on 5 May close to the Kymmene river gained some success, capturing Anjala, but was thrown back before the end of the month. Fighting on land, however, reached stalemate, and already in June had turned into static warfare.

The Swedish open sea fleet under Duke Charles arrived on 10 May at Hangö and moved on 12 May to the vicinity of Reval. As some ships of the fleet were still separated from the main body, Duke Charles refused to carry out the attack on 12 May, when favourable winds still existed, and instead chose to attack on 13 May, leading to the Swedish failure at the Battle of Reval. The Swedish fleet stayed near Reval until late May, when it set sail to protect the flank of the coastal fleet; this led to another naval engagement, at the Battle of Kronstadt. Failing to inflict a decisive defeat on the Russians, or to prevent separate Russian squadrons from joining, the open sea fleet sailed to Vyborg Bay.

The coastal fleet started its offensive on 8 May, under command of King Gustav III with de Frese as his flag-captain, without waiting for the coastal fleet's squadrons from Sweden or Pommern. The Swedish coastal fleet attacked the Russian fleet at Frederikshamn on 15 May, winning a clear victory over the defenders in the Battle of Fredrikshamn. However, attempts to capture the town and its fortifications failed. Instead of blockading the town, the Swedes chose to continue further towards Vyborg while raiding Russian supplies along the coast, and reached the Beryozovye Islands on 2 June, from where it attempted to support the open sea fleet in the Battle of Kronstadt.

The Russian fleet, under command of Admiral Vasily Chichagov, blockaded the Swedish fleets with their 30,000 men in Vyborg Bay. The blockade continued for a month and on 21–23 June, with supplies running out, the Swedes chose to attempt a breakout as soon as favorable winds would allow it. The Swedish coastal squadron under Lieutenant-Colonel Carl Olof Cronstedt arrived at Svensksund on 19 June and supported the ground forces of General Meijerfeldt in driving away Russian forces from its vicinity. However, Cronstedt's squadron could not get past a Russian frigate detachment under Captain Rowan Crown (orig. Robert Cronin) blocking the coastal sea route near modern-day Virolahti and had to return to Svensksund. The Swedish escape from Vyborg Bay started on 3 July and lost several ships when they ran aground due to bad visibility in the treacherous waters. The Swedish battle fleet retired to Sveaborg for repairs while the Swedish coastal fleet made for a strong defensive position at Svensksund. The Russian coastal fleet, led by Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen started its attack against the Swedes on 9 July 1790, in what became known as the second Battle of Svensksund, which ended in a decisive Swedish victory.

Despite recent success, King Gustav III believed that his chances of successfully continuing the war were low. His government was also rapidly suffering from ever-increasing debt caused by the war expenses. On the other hand, Empress Catherine II became convinced that the Swedes would not be easily defeated and was anxious for peace in a war which was not important for her. The Russian Vice-Chancellor Alexander Bezborodko immediately agreed to negotiations, and the war was ended by the Treaty of Värälä on 14 August.

Aftermath
The Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 was, overall, mostly insignificant for the parties involved. Catherine II regarded the war against her Swedish cousin as a substantial distraction, as her land troops were tied up in the war against Turkey, and she was likewise concerned with revolutionary events unfolding in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (the Constitution of 3 May 1791) and in France (the French Revolution). The Swedish attack foiled the Russian plans of sending its navy into the Mediterranean Sea to support its forces fighting the Ottomans, as it was needed to protect the capital, Saint Petersburg. The war solved Gustav III's domestic problems only briefly, as he was assassinated at the opera in Stockholm, in 1792.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)


text:
List of wars between Russia and Sweden

This is a list of wars between Russia, Sweden and their predecessor states.

title: List of wars between Russia and Sweden


text:
The Chain Gang (1930 film)

The Chain Gang is a 1930 Mickey Mouse animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions for Columbia Pictures, as part of the Mickey Mouse film series. It was the twenty-first Mickey Mouse short to be produced, the sixth of that year. It is one of a group of shorts of strikingly uneven quality produced by Disney immediately after Ub Iwerks left the studio.

The cartoon was primarily drawn by Norm Ferguson, and featured a pair of bloodhounds, who helped to track down Mickey after his escape from prison. Although these dogs were not named, the style in which they were drawn makes them clear forerunners of Pluto, who first officially appeared a few months later in The Picnic. The animation for one of the bloodhound scenes in The Chain Gang was recycled as Pluto in four later cartoons. Additionally, a few scenes contain reused animation from the Oswald The Lucky Rabbit cartoon Sagebrush Sadie.

Plot
Mickey Mouse is in prison, connected with a chain to six other prisoners as they are led out to the yard for hard labor. He keeps a cheery grin, banging on the iron ball and singing, until the guard, Peg-Leg Pete, tells him to shut up. The prisoners break rocks, but when the guard falls asleep at his post, Mickey plays Vernon Dalhart's "The Prisoner's Song" on his harmonica. The other prisoners join in with the song, singing and using their implements as instruments.

One of the inmates dances to the tune of Felix Mendelssohn's "Spring Song", but when he spits on the guard, Pete wakes up and whistles for help. This starts a riot, and the guards shoot at the prisoners. Mickey uses a seesaw to fly over the prison wall, and escapes into the nearby woods.

Mickey is chased into a swamp by a guard accompanied by two bloodhounds, and tries to get away by riding a pair of horses. With the horses out of control, Mickey flies off a cliff, which happens to be right above the prison. He falls through the roof into a cell, where two inmates happily sing "We're Here Because We're Here". Mickey joins in for the final iris out.

Legacy
In a scene animated by Norm Ferguson, Mickey is chased by two bloodhounds after his prison break, and we see each hound approach and sniff, then bark directly into the camera. According to Gijs Grob in Mickey's Movies: "These hounds are possibly the most elaborately designed and most naturally behaving animals in any theatrical cartoon hitherto, and would become the prototype of Pluto". In 1932, Disney's in-house art instructor Don Graham said: "The dogs were alive, real. They seemed to breathe. They moved like dogs, not drawings of dogs. The drawings explained not so much what a real dog looked like, but what a real dog did".

Voice cast

 * Bloodhounds: Lee Millar

Reception
Variety: "One of the most amusing cartoons released. Has to do with animal prison. "Volga Boatman" and "Prison Song" theming. Usual method of using each other's tails or hoofs for instruments. A jailbreak is used effectively."

Home media
The short was released on December 2, 2002, on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White and on December 7, 2004, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Pluto: 1930–1947.

title: The Chain Gang (1930 film)


text:
Justice League (TV series)

Justice League is an American animated television series which ran from November 17, 2001, to May 29, 2004, on Cartoon Network. The show was produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It is based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. It serves as a sequel to Batman: The Animated Series (including The New Batman Adventures) and Superman: The Animated Series, as well as a prequel to Batman Beyond, and is the seventh series of the DC Animated Universe. The series ended after two seasons, but was followed by Justice League Unlimited, a successor series which aired for three seasons.

Overview
Bruce Timm, who co-produced Batman: The Animated Series and Superman: The Animated Series in the 1990s, became producer on an animated series focusing on the Justice League. The roster consisted of Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern (John Stewart), The Flash (Wally West), Martian Manhunter (J'onn J'onzz), and Hawkgirl.

According to audio commentary on the DVD release of Season 2, the second-season finale "Starcrossed" was expected to be the final episode of the series. However, in February 2004, Cartoon Network announced a follow-up series, Justice League Unlimited, which premiered on July 31, 2004, and featured a larger roster of characters.

It is the first series in the DC Animated Universe to fully use digital ink and paint, also the first to be produced in widescreen starting in Season 2.

Production
Kevin Conroy reprised his voice role as Batman from Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1995), The New Batman Adventures (1997–1999), and Batman Beyond (1999–2001). Batman's costume was redesigned, but this time, his costume was a combination of his last three costumes. The same costume from The New Batman Adventures is retained, but with the blue highlights from the Batman: The Animated Series costume and the long-ears from the Batman Beyond costume are added to the costume. Tim Daly, who voiced Superman in Superman: The Animated Series (1996–2000), was initially involved, but he was unable to continue his role due to involvement with The Fugitive. He was replaced by George Newbern. Both Newbern and Daly have voiced the character in different DC projects outside the DCAU, with Newbern becoming the longest-running actor to portray Superman.

Alongside Kevin Conroy and George Newbern as Superman, joining the rest of the main cast is Susan Eisenberg as Wonder Woman, Maria Canals-Barrera as Hawkgirl, Phil Lamarr as John Stewart, Michael Rosenbaum as Wally West / The Flash and Carl Lumbly as J'onn J'onnz / Martian Manhunter.

Several actors in previous DCAU media also reprise their roles, including Dana Delany as Lois Lane, David Kaufman as Jimmy Olsen, Efrem Zimbalist Jr. as Alfred Pennyworth, Shelley Fabares and Mike Farrell as Jonathan and Martha Kent, Mark Hamill as The Joker, Clancy Brown as Lex Luthor, Corey Burton as Brainiac, Ron Perlman as Clayface, Arleen Sorkin as Harley Quinn, Peri Gilpin as Volcana, Diane Pershing as Poison Ivy, Mark Rolston as Firefly, Ted Levine as Sinestro, Brian George as Parasite, Michael Ironside as Darkseid, Michael Dorn as Kalibak, Lisa Edelstein as Mercy Graves, and Brad Garrett as Lobo. Due to budgetary reasons in the episode "Hereafter", Corey Burton served as a substitute for Bud Cort as Toyman and Malcolm McDowell as Metallo, although both Cort and McDowell would reprise their roles in Justice League Unlimited. Likewise, Maria Canals (who provides the voice for Hawkgirl) voiced Livewire in the same episode, instead of Lori Petty.

Most of the characters retained their general comic book origins and continuity, with some notable changes. In the Justice League series continuity, the premiere story arc "Secret Origins" revises the plot of Diana's competition against her fellow Amazons to be the ambassador of peace to man's world, and she is referred to as a "rookie" superhero during her first encounter with the League. (Subsequent episodes touched on her attempts to adjust to her new world). In an interview segment on the Season One DVD, Bruce Timm stated that he initially ran into some legal issues in using the Wonder Woman character, but he was adamant that she be used in the series. Additionally, the character of The Flash was portrayed as somewhat younger and significantly more brash than his comic book counterpart, taking on a number of personality traits of Wally West, who provides a similar comic relief function in the JLA comics. Major changes were also made to the Hawkgirl character. She became romantically involved with the John Stewart Green Lantern as the series progressed.

Superman was initially redesigned to have a bit of a squint to his eyes as well as cheekbones that were meant to make him look older than he did in Superman The Animated Series. Fans did not like the older appearance and in the second season the squint, grey streak and cheekbones were removed, in essence reverting Superman to his earlier animated look. As an in-joke, Superman's season one facial designs are used for an older Jor-El in the Justice League Unlimited episode "For the Man Who Has Everything". Furthermore, a common complaint in the first season of Justice League was Superman's powers being toned down even more than in Superman: The Animated Series. He was portrayed as unnaturally weak and vulnerable to harm with most episodes showing him being defeated by foes he should not have a problem with. This was changed from the second season onwards, where his strength and durability were increased.

Although the series itself is animated in traditional 2-dimensional style, the opening credits are rendered in 3D with toon shading. The intro is a "stock" intro used throughout the series until Justice League Unlimited premieres.

Main cast

 * Kevin Conroy - Batman
 * Maria Canals-Barrera - Hawkgirl
 * Susan Eisenberg - Wonder Woman
 * Phil LaMarr - Green Lantern
 * Carl Lumbly - J'onn J'onzz
 * George Newbern - Superman
 * Michael Rosenbaum - Flash

Home media
From 2006 to 2011, Warner Home Video (via DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) released the entire series of Justice League on DVD and Blu-ray, and presented in original broadcast version and story arc continuity order.

Season releases

Warner Home Video also released another DVD set titled Justice League: The Complete Series. It contained all 91 episodes of Justice League and Justice League Unlimited on a 15-disc set with the 15th disc containing a bonus documentary. This was later re-packaged and sold as a 10-disc set without the bonus documentary.

 * Individual releases

 * Boxsets

Soundtrack
A 4-disc soundtrack of musical highlights from both seasons of Justice League was released by La-La Land Records in July 2016. It is a limited edition of 3000 units and can be ordered at the La-La Land Records website. The set includes tracks from fan-favorite episodes like A Better World, Hereafter, Wild Cards and Starcrossed.

La-La Land are hoping to release a soundtrack for Justice League Unlimited as well, provided that sales of the Justice League soundtrack improve significantly and that there is sufficient demand from fans. A second Justice League volume may also follow if fans support the existing release.

Broadcast history
The series premiere on November 17, 2001, set a Cartoon Network record with over 4.114 million viewers. This made it the channel's highest rated premiere ever, a record it would keep until September 13, 2009, when the world premiere of Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins gathered over 6.108 million viewers.

The show was aired in the Republic of Ireland on TG4 in both Irish and English from 6 September 2002 to 2007.

Reception
Justice League and Justice League Unlimited has received critical acclaim and is often listed as one of the best animated shows of all time, with praise for its stories, writing, character development, and voice acting. IGN named Justice League/Justice League Unlimited as the 20th best animated television series of all time. Similarly Indiewire also ranked Justice League as the 20th best animated show of all time.

Many fans including the creative team felt that season one of Justice League was a mixed bag, with the crew admitting it was a learning curve for them. Producer Bruce Timm had remarked "some of the first season episodes I think were really good, but we had so many challenges inherent in the show. So many balls juggling in the air, and inevitably some of them dropped." He further added "I think we were making a conscious effort to make it a little more of a family-friendly show, but unfortunately by pulling back on some of the more adult storylines, we didn't really replace it with anything. Something of a blandness set in with the show. We made steps to remedy that situation in Season Two, and to the point where I think the Season Two episodes make a much better show across the board. We're constantly calling it new improved Justice League."

The second season of Justice League however, is considered to be one of the best seasons of the entire DC Animated Universe, with Oliver Sava from The A.V. Club writing "good enough isn't good enough." "That's the philosophy for Justice League season two, according to producer Bruce Timm on the DVD commentary, and this two-part season opener is the perfect example of that new attitude in action. Just as Batman: The Animated Series set a new standard for solo superhero cartoon excellence, Justice League season two is only eclipsed by Justice League Unlimited as the strongest superhero-team series. Everything is of higher quality this season: the direction, animation, music, sound effects, and most importantly, the stories."

Cancelled film
Circa 2004, Bruce Timm announced that a direct-to-video Justice League feature film was being planned. The film was intended to make a bridge between the second season of Justice League to the first season of Justice League Unlimited. The film was planned to reveal how Wonder Woman acquired her Invisible-Jet, and also planned to feature the Crime Syndicate as the main antagonists, an idea that was originally conceived for the two-part episode "A Better World", until the Syndicate was replaced by the Justice Lords. Dwayne McDuffie wrote the script and Andrea Romano assembled the cast, but Warner Bros. finally scrapped the project. In 2010, however, the film's plot was used for the non-DCAU film Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths with all references to the continuity of the DC Animated Universe removed. Most notably of these changes is the replacement of John Stewart with Hal Jordan as the Justice League's Green Lantern.

Justice League Adventures
DC Comics published a series of 34-issue numbered comics based on the television series, between 2002 and 2004.
 * #34 (2004-08-04): Guardians Against Darkness!

Compilations

 * Justice League Adventures: The Magnificent Seven (2004-01-01): Includes #3, 6, 10–12.

title: Justice League (TV series)


text:
List of Justice League members

The Justice League is a team of comic book superheroes in the. Over the years they have featured many characters in a variety of combinations.

The JLA members are listed here in order of their first joining the team, and none are listed twice. No retconned members are listed (except where they historically took part in the stories). No associates and unofficial members, or members of the Super Friends (except when they are also Justice League members in the mainstream comics) are listed.

Non-full members and staff are also listed below.

Characters in bold are current Justice League active members.

Pre-New 52/Rebirth
DC Comics had the first fictional universe of superheroes, with the Justice Society of America forming in the Golden Age of Comic Books in the 1940s. This shared continuity became increasingly complex with multiple worlds, including a similar team of all-star superheroes formed in the 1960s named the Justice League of America, debuting in The Brave and the Bold Volume 1 #28. This universe included several reboots and retcons starting with Crisis on Infinite Earths in 1986 and culminating in the Flashpoint storyline, leading to the New 52 in 2011.

Members
{| class="wikitable" !scope="col"| Character !scope="col"| Real name !scope="col"| Joined in !scope="col"| Notes
 * +Members of various iterations of the Justice League
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Original team: Justice League of America
Seven members were featured in the team's first appearance (The Brave and the Bold #28, February–March 1960), with new members added in the team's own series (Justice League of America launched in November 1960). This incarnation lasted until the mid-1980s.
 * Superman
 * Kal-El / Clark Kent
 * rowspan="7" |The Brave and the Bold #28
 * rowspan="5" |Founding members. Active.
 * Batman
 * Bruce Wayne
 * Wonder Woman
 * Princess Diana / Diana Prince
 * The Flash
 * Barry Allen
 * Green Lantern
 * Hal Jordan
 * Aquaman
 * Orin / Arthur Curry
 * Founding member. Active. The Emperor in Justice Arcana.
 * Martian Manhunter
 * J'onn J'onzz / John Jones
 * Founding member. Active. The Hermit in Justice Arcana.
 * Green Arrow
 * Oliver Queen
 * Justice League of America #4
 * Active. Judgement in Justice Arcana.
 * Atom
 * Ray Palmer
 * Justice League of America #14
 * Active in civilian identity as an agent of S.H.A.D.E
 * Hawkman
 * Katar Hol / Carter Hall
 * Justice League of America #31
 * Retconned as the Golden Age Hawkman (JLA: Incarnations #1). Active. One of The Lovers in Justice Arcana.
 * Metamorpho
 * Rex Mason
 * Justice League of America #42
 * Metamorpho is offered membership but refuses, willing to be a stand-by member. He is later called into action in issue #44 and appears with several superheroes in issues #100–102. He attends a funeral for Aquaman alongside other Leaguers in Aquaman #30.
 * Black Canary
 * Dinah Drake / Dinah Laurel Lance
 * Justice League of America #74
 * Active in Birds of Prey. For a period, after Crisis on Infinite Earths a retcon in Secret Origins (vol. 2) #32 (November, 1988) revealed she was a founding member instead of Wonder Woman. The latter was changed to being a fairly new hero who debuted several years after the League formed.
 * Phantom Stranger
 * Unknown
 * Justice League of America #103
 * Active. The Magician in Justice Arcana.
 * Elongated Man
 * Ralph Dibny
 * Justice League of America #105
 * Deceased in 52 #42. Post Flash-Point member of the Secret Six. Elongated Man is one of the few Justice League members who isn't a reimagined Golden Age hero, though he is similar to Quality Comics' Plastic Man; DC acquired the rights to all Quality characters in 1956 but editor Julius Schwartz was evidently ignorant of this when he had Elongated Man created in the pages of The Flash.
 * Red Tornado
 * Ulthoon / John Smith
 * Justice League of America #106
 * Post Flash-Point Status unknown
 * Green Lantern
 * John Stewart
 * Justice League of America #110
 * Stewart fills in for Earth's primary Green Lantern, Hal Jordan. He also appears with the League in Justice League of America Annual #1 in 1983 and the first Red Tornado mini-series.
 * Hawkgirl
 * Shayera Hol / Shiera Hall
 * Justice League of America #146
 * Retconned as the Golden Age Hawkgirl (JLA: Incarnations #1). Active.
 * Zatanna
 * Zatanna Zatara
 * Justice League of America #161
 * Active in Justice League Dark.
 * Firestorm
 * Ronnie Raymond and Martin Stein
 * Justice League of America #179
 * Ronnie Raymond (with Jason Rusch) Active. Martin Stein deceased in Brightest Day #22. The Sun in Justice Arcana.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Justice League of America #110
 * Stewart fills in for Earth's primary Green Lantern, Hal Jordan. He also appears with the League in Justice League of America Annual #1 in 1983 and the first Red Tornado mini-series.
 * Hawkgirl
 * Shayera Hol / Shiera Hall
 * Justice League of America #146
 * Retconned as the Golden Age Hawkgirl (JLA: Incarnations #1). Active.
 * Zatanna
 * Zatanna Zatara
 * Justice League of America #161
 * Active in Justice League Dark.
 * Firestorm
 * Ronnie Raymond and Martin Stein
 * Justice League of America #179
 * Ronnie Raymond (with Jason Rusch) Active. Martin Stein deceased in Brightest Day #22. The Sun in Justice Arcana.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Ronnie Raymond (with Jason Rusch) Active. Martin Stein deceased in Brightest Day #22. The Sun in Justice Arcana.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Detroit team
This team existed for a few years in the mid-1980s following the disbanding of the original team. It consisted of Aquaman, Zatanna, Elongated Man and J'onn J'onzz (and later Batman), plus the following members:
 * Steel
 * Hank Heywood III
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League of America Annual #2
 * Deceased in Justice League America #38.
 * Vixen
 * Mari Jiwe McCabe
 * Active in JLI
 * Vibe
 * Paco Ramone
 * Deceased in Justice League of America #258.
 * Gypsy
 * Cindy Reynolds
 * Justice League of America #236
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Justice League of America #236
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Justice League International
This group was formed in the late 1980s after the Crisis on Infinite Earths and lasted until the early 1990s. During this era the Justice League was split into several teams. Lineup changes were rather frequent. Most of the Silver Age members were at least briefly part of one of these teams, and in addition, the following characters joined for the first time during this period:
 * Blue Beetle
 * Ted Kord
 * rowspan="4" |Legends #6
 * Deceased in Countdown to Infinite Crisis #1.
 * Captain Marvel
 * Billy Batson
 * Inactive; depowered in Justice Society of America (vol. 3) #23.
 * Doctor Fate
 * Kent Nelson
 * Deceased in The Book of Fate #1.
 * Green Lantern
 * Guy Gardner
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps and JLI.
 * Mister Miracle
 * Scott Free
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League #1
 * Deceased in Death of the New Gods #8. Resurrected, but then displaced to Earth-51, in Final Crisis #7.
 * Doctor Light
 * Kimiyo Hoshi
 * Active.
 * Booster Gold
 * Michael Carter
 * Justice League #4
 * Active in JLI. The Devil in Justice Arcana.
 * Captain Atom
 * Nathaniel Adam
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League International #7
 * Active.
 * Rocket Red 7
 * Vladimir Mikoyan
 * Revealed as a Manhunter cyborg. Destroyed in Justice League International #9.
 * Rocket Red 4
 * Dimitri Pushkin
 * Justice League International #11
 * Deceased in The OMAC Project #5.
 * Fire
 * Beatriz da Costa
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League International #14
 * Active in JLI.
 * Ice
 * Tora Olafsdotter
 * Deceased in Justice League Task Force #14. Revived in Birds of Prey #104. Active in JLI.
 * Hawkman
 * Fel Andar
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League International #19
 * Retcon membership; originally the Silver Age Katar Hol. Revealed as a traitor. Deceased in Hawkman (vol. 4) #48.
 * Hawkwoman
 * Sharon Parker
 * Retcon membership; originally the Silver Age Shayera Hol. Deceased in Hawkworld (vol. 2) #23.
 * Huntress
 * Helena Bertinelli
 * Justice League America #30
 * Active in Birds of Prey.
 * Doctor Fate
 * Linda Strauss
 * Justice League America #31
 * Deceased in Dr. Fate Vol 2 #24 (1991).
 * Lightray
 * Sollis
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League America #42
 * Deceased in Countdown to Final Crisis #48. Resurrected, but then displaced to Earth-51, in Final Crisis #7.
 * Orion
 * Orion of Apokolips
 * Deceased in Final Crisis #1.
 * General Glory
 * Joseph Jones
 * Justice League America #50
 * Deceased in Justice League Quarterly #16.
 * Tasmanian Devil
 * Hugh Dawkins
 * Justice League America #56
 * Deceased in Justice League: Cry for Justice #3. Resurrected in Starman/Congorilla #1
 * Maxima
 * Maxima of Almerac
 * Justice League America #63
 * Deceased in Superman: The Man of Steel #117.
 * Ray
 * Ray Terrill
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League America #71
 * Active in the Freedom Fighters.
 * Black Condor
 * Ryan Kendall
 * Deceased in Infinite Crisis #1.
 * Agent Liberty
 * Benjamin Lockwood
 * Deceased in Action Comics #873.
 * Bloodwynd
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League America #78
 * Active.
 * Flash
 * Jay Garrick
 * Active in the JSA.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Maxima of Almerac
 * Justice League America #63
 * Deceased in Superman: The Man of Steel #117.
 * Ray
 * Ray Terrill
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League America #71
 * Active in the Freedom Fighters.
 * Black Condor
 * Ryan Kendall
 * Deceased in Infinite Crisis #1.
 * Agent Liberty
 * Benjamin Lockwood
 * Deceased in Action Comics #873.
 * Bloodwynd
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League America #78
 * Active.
 * Flash
 * Jay Garrick
 * Active in the JSA.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Flash
 * Jay Garrick
 * Active in the JSA.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Justice League Europe

 * Animal Man
 * Buddy Baker
 * rowspan="4" |Justice League International #24
 * Active.
 * Flash
 * Wally West
 * Active. The Chariot in Justice Arcana.
 * Metamorpho
 * Rex Mason
 * Active in the Outsiders.
 * Power Girl
 * Kara Zor-L / Karen Starr
 * Active.
 * Crimson Fox
 * Vivian and Constance d'Aramis
 * Justice League Europe #13
 * Vivian deceased in Justice League America #104. Constance deceased in Starman (vol. 2) #38.
 * Blue Jay
 * Jay Abrams
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League Europe #20
 * Active. Left for the Multiverse in Justice League of America (vol. 2) #53.
 * Silver Sorceress
 * Laura Neilsen
 * Deceased in Justice League Europe #35.
 * Maya
 * Chandi Gupta
 * Justice League Europe #50.
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Deceased in Justice League Europe #35.
 * Maya
 * Chandi Gupta
 * Justice League Europe #50.
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Justice League Antarctica
This was a one-shot team played exclusively for humor.
 * Major Disaster
 * Paul Booker
 * rowspan="8" |Justice League Annual #4.
 * Death confirmed in Blackest Night: Director's Cut #1.
 * G'nort
 * Gnort Esplanade G'neeshmacher
 * MIA, presumed dead as of Green Lantern: Sinestro Corps Secret Files and Origins #1.
 * Multi-Man
 * Duncan Pramble
 * Active.
 * Big Sir
 * Dufus P. Ratchett
 * Deceased in Suicide Squad (vol. 2) #1.
 * Cluemaster
 * Arthur Brown
 * rowspan="4" |Active.
 * Clock King
 * William Tockman
 * The Mighty Bruce
 * Bruce (presumably)
 * Scarlet Skier
 * Dren Keeg
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * The Mighty Bruce
 * Bruce (presumably)
 * Scarlet Skier
 * Dren Keeg
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Post-Zero Hour
Three teams would use the name Justice League in the early 1990s: Justice League America (led by Wonder Woman), Justice League Task Force (led by the Martian Manhunter), and Extreme Justice (led by Captain Atom). (Wonder Twins)
 * Triumph
 * William MacIntyre
 * Justice League International #67
 * Deceased in JLA #38. Strength in Justice Arcana.
 * Hawkman
 * (Modern Age) Katar Hol
 * rowspan="4" |Justice League America #0
 * Deceased in JSA #23.
 * Nuklon
 * Albert Rothstein
 * Active in the JSA as Atom Smasher.
 * Obsidian
 * Todd Rice
 * Active in the JSA.
 * Amazing Man
 * Will Everett, III
 * Deceased in Starman (vol. 2) #38.
 * Blue Devil
 * Daniel Cassidy
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League America #98.
 * Active.
 * Icemaiden
 * Sigrid Nansen
 * Inactive due to severe injuries.
 * L-Ron/Despero
 * L-Ron/Despero of Kalanor
 * Justice League Task Force #12
 * L-Ron/Despero now separated. L-Ron: Active in Robot Renegades. Despero: Active. Note: L-Ron, in his robot form, is also listed in the staff section.
 * Mystek
 * Jennifer Barclay
 * Justice League Task Force #26
 * Deceased in Justice League Task Force #32.
 * Zan & Jayna
 * L-Ron/Despero of Kalanor
 * Justice League Task Force #12
 * L-Ron/Despero now separated. L-Ron: Active in Robot Renegades. Despero: Active. Note: L-Ron, in his robot form, is also listed in the staff section.
 * Mystek
 * Jennifer Barclay
 * Justice League Task Force #26
 * Deceased in Justice League Task Force #32.
 * Zan & Jayna
 * Zan & Jayna
 * Zan & Jayna
 * Zan & Jayna of Exor
 * Extreme Justice #16
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

JLA
This team was formed in the September 1996 Justice League: A Midsummer's Nightmare written by Mark Waid and Fabian Nicieza. The JLA series, by Grant Morrison, was a return to the "Big Seven," with Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash (Wally West), Green Lantern (Kyle Rayner), Aquaman and J'onn J'onzz. New to the team were:
 * Green Lantern
 * Kyle Rayner
 * Justice League: A Midsummer's Nightmare #3
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps.
 * Tomorrow Woman
 * Clara Kendall
 * JLA #5
 * Destroyed in JLA #5 and revived as human in Trinity #52. The Empress in Justice Arcana.
 * Aztek
 * Uno / Curt Falconer
 * Aztek #10
 * Deceased in JLA #41.
 * Green Arrow
 * Connor Hawke
 * JLA #9
 * Active.
 * Oracle
 * Barbara Gordon
 * rowspan="5" |JLA #16
 * Active as Batgirl.
 * Plastic Man
 * Patrick O'Brien
 * Active. The Fool in Justice Arcana.
 * Steel
 * John Henry Irons
 * rowspan="2" |Active.
 * Zauriel
 * Wonder Woman
 * Hippolyta of Themyscira
 * Active as the Queen of the Amazons.
 * Big Barda
 * Barda Free
 * JLA #17
 * Deceased in Death of the New Gods #1. Resurrected, but then displaced to Earth-51, in Final Crisis #7.
 * Hourman
 * Matthew Tyler
 * JLA #26
 * Defunct in JSA #66.
 * Jade
 * Jennie-Lynn Hayden
 * Made reserve in JLA #27
 * Deceased in Rann/Thanagar War: Infinite Crisis Special #1 Resurrected in Blackest Night #8. Active.
 * Antaeus
 * Mark Antaeus
 * JLA: Superpower
 * Deceased in JLA: Superpower
 * Jesse Quick
 * Jesse Chambers
 * The Flash (vol. 2) #140
 * Active.
 * Dark Flash
 * Walter West
 * JLA #33
 * Last seen traveling through Hypertime to find his home dimension in The Flash (vol. 2) #159.
 * Moon Maiden
 * Laura Klein
 * JLA Giant Size Special #3
 * Retconned into the Silver Age team. Whereabouts unknown.
 * Nightwing / Batman
 * Dick Grayson
 * rowspan="3" |JLA #69
 * Active as Nightwing.
 * Faith
 * Active.
 * Hawkgirl
 * Kendra Saunders
 * Deceased in Blackest Night #1. Folded into the resurrected Shiera Hall. One of The Lovers in Justice Arcana.
 * Jason Blood (Etrigan)
 * JLA #69
 * Active.
 * Green Lantern
 * John Stewart
 * JLA #76
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps. Previously filled in for Hal Jordan in 1970s comics.
 * Manitou Raven
 * JLA #78
 * Deceased in Justice League Elite #8.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Active as Nightwing.
 * Faith
 * Active.
 * Hawkgirl
 * Kendra Saunders
 * Deceased in Blackest Night #1. Folded into the resurrected Shiera Hall. One of The Lovers in Justice Arcana.
 * Jason Blood (Etrigan)
 * JLA #69
 * Active.
 * Green Lantern
 * John Stewart
 * JLA #76
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps. Previously filled in for Hal Jordan in 1970s comics.
 * Manitou Raven
 * JLA #78
 * Deceased in Justice League Elite #8.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps. Previously filled in for Hal Jordan in 1970s comics.
 * Manitou Raven
 * JLA #78
 * Deceased in Justice League Elite #8.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Justice League Elite
Sister Superior organized the JL Elite for missions the JLA refused to do. Included JLA past core member Green Arrow, as well as JLA members Flash (Wally West), Manitou Raven and Major Disaster.
 * Sister Superior
 * Vera Lynn Black
 * rowspan="3" |JLA #100
 * Whereabouts unknown.
 * Menagerie
 * Sonja (last name unrevealed)
 * Last seen in Justice League custody.
 * Coldcast
 * Nathan Jones
 * rowspan="2" |Whereabouts unknown.
 * Naif al-Sheikh
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League Elite #1
 * Kasumi
 * Cassandra Cain
 * Active in Batman Inc. as Blackbat.
 * Manitou Dawn
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Cassandra Cain
 * Active in Batman Inc. as Blackbat.
 * Manitou Dawn
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Post-Infinite Crisis: during 52
Firestorm's brief Justice League from the pages of 52. This Justice League did not operate in any official capacity sanctioned by any previous incarnations of the team or previous members.
 * Firestorm
 * Jason Rusch (and other hosts)
 * rowspan="5" |52 #24
 * Active. Host Gehenna deceased in Blackest Night #3, currently merged with Ronnie Raymond.
 * Firehawk
 * Lorraine Reily
 * Active.
 * Super-Chief
 * Jon Standing Bear
 * Deceased in 52 #24.
 * Bulleteer
 * Alix Harrower
 * rowspan="2" |Active.
 * Ambush Bug
 * Irwin Schwab
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Ambush Bug
 * Irwin Schwab
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

One Year Later Recruits
A new Justice League of America was formed following the case entitled The Tornado's Path. Every hero who participated in the case was offered membership.
 * Black Lightning
 * Jefferson Pierce
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League of America (vol. 2) #7.
 * Originally offered membership in and declined in Justice League of America #173 and reiterated it the following issue.
 * Red Arrow
 * Roy Harper
 * Active in the Outlaws as Arsenal.
 * Geo-Force
 * Prince Brion Markov
 * Active. The World in Justice Arcana.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Active. The World in Justice Arcana.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Justice Arcana
In the Trinity series written by Kurt Busiek, a new team is formed based on the Major Arcana, including many other prior League members.
 * Black Adam
 * Teth-Adam
 * rowspan="19" |Trinity #31
 * Black Orchid
 * Susan Linden
 * The Moon.
 * Brainwave
 * Henry King, Jr.
 * Citizen Steel
 * Nathan Heywood
 * Active in the JSA.
 * Crimson Avenger
 * Jill Carlyle
 * Death. Active in the JSA.
 * Cyborg
 * Victor Stone
 * The Tower. Joins the League proper in Justice League of America (vol. 2) #41. Retconned as founding member post-Flashpoint. Active.
 * Deadman
 * Boston Brand
 * The Hanged Man.
 * Doctor Mid-Nite
 * Pieter Cross
 * Active in the JSA.
 * Gangbuster
 * Jose Delgado
 * Wheel of Fortune.
 * Green Lantern
 * Alan Scott
 * Active in the JSA.
 * Lex Luthor
 * Alexander Luthor
 * The Hierophant.
 * Mister Terrific
 * Michael Holt
 * Temperance.
 * Nightshade
 * Eve Eden
 * The Moon replacement.
 * Ragman
 * Rory Regan
 * Justice.
 * Raven
 * Rachel Roth
 * The High Priestess.
 * Sandmaster
 * Sandy Hawkins
 * The World replacement. Active in the JSA.
 * Skyrocket
 * Celia Forrestal
 * Starfire
 * Koriand'r
 * The Star. Joins the League proper in Justice League of America (vol. 2) #41. Active in the Outlaws.
 * Stargirl
 * Courtney Whitmore
 * Active in the JSA.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Raven
 * Rachel Roth
 * The High Priestess.
 * Sandmaster
 * Sandy Hawkins
 * The World replacement. Active in the JSA.
 * Skyrocket
 * Celia Forrestal
 * Starfire
 * Koriand'r
 * The Star. Joins the League proper in Justice League of America (vol. 2) #41. Active in the Outlaws.
 * Stargirl
 * Courtney Whitmore
 * Active in the JSA.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Stargirl
 * Courtney Whitmore
 * Active in the JSA.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Cry for Justice
In a mini-series written by James Robinson, Hal Jordan forms a more pro-active league with Oliver Queen and Ray Palmer, as well as new members.
 * Supergirl
 * Kara Zor-El / Linda Lang
 * Justice League: Cry for Justice #3
 * rowspan="3" |Active.
 * Starman
 * Mikaal Tomas
 * rowspan="2" |Justice League: Cry for Justice #5
 * Congorilla
 * William "Congo Bill" Glenmorgan
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * William "Congo Bill" Glenmorgan
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Post-Cry for Justice
New team which also includes Batman (Dick Grayson), Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), Green Arrow (Oliver Queen), Atom (Ray Palmer) and Dr. Light (Kimiyo Hoshi)
 * Guardian
 * Jim Harper
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League of America (vol. 2) #41
 * Retired Superman: War of the Supermen #4.
 * Mon-El
 * Lar Gand
 * Returned to the Phantom Zone, as seen in Adventure Comics (vol. 2) #11. Active in the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 31st century.
 * Donna Troy
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan="4" align="center" |
 * colspan="4" align="center" |

Generation Lost
In the maxi-series written by Keith Giffen and Judd Winick, Justice League International is re-established along with several new members.
 * Blue Beetle
 * Jaime Reyes
 * Justice League: Generation Lost #3
 * Active.
 * Rocket Red #7
 * Gavril Ivanovich
 * Justice League: Generation Lost #4
 * Deceased.
 * }
 * Deceased.
 * }

Post-New 52/Rebirth
After the New 52 universe was published for five years, DC merged several of their prior continuities again in the DC Rebirth event. The consequent universe contains elements of all previous DC publications.

Members
{| class="wikitable" !scope="col"|Character !scope="col"|Real name !scope="col"|Team membership !scope="col"|Joined in !scope="col"|Notes
 * +DC Rebirth Justice League members
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |

The New 52
The Justice League was rebooted in 2011.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center | Justice League
 * Batman
 * Bruce Wayne
 * Justice League, Justice League International, Justice League of America (Rebirth)
 * rowspan=7|Justice League (vol. 2) #6
 * Founding member of the Justice League and the second Justice League of America. Unofficial member of the Justice League International. Active.
 * Superman
 * Clark Kent / Kal-El
 * Justice League
 * rowspan=3|Founding member of the Justice League. Active.
 * The Flash
 * Bartholomew "Barry" Allen
 * Justice League
 * Aquaman
 * Orin / Arthur Curry
 * Justice League
 * Cyborg
 * Victor "Vic" Stone
 * Justice League, Justice League Odyssey
 * Founding member of the Justice League and Justice League Odyssey. Retired from the Justice League and active as a member of the Titans.
 * Wonder Woman
 * Princess Diana of Themyscira
 * Justice League, Justice League Dark (DC Universe)
 * Founding member of the Justice League; founding member and leader of the second Justice League Dark. Active.
 * Green Lantern
 * Harold "Hal" Jordan
 * Justice League
 * Founding member of the Justice League. Active in the Green Lantern Corps, and a reserve member of the League.
 * Booster Gold
 * Michael Jon Carter
 * Justice League International, Justice League
 * rowspan=8|Justice League International (vol. 3) #1
 * Founding member and appointed leader of the Justice League International. Active.
 * August General in Iron
 * Fang Zhifu
 * Justice League International
 * Founding member of the Justice League International. Active in the Great Ten.
 * Fire
 * Beatriz da Costa
 * Justice League International
 * colspan=3|Founding member of the Justice League International. Active.
 * Godiva
 * Dorcas Leigh
 * Justice League International
 * Ice
 * Tora Olafsdotter
 * Justice League International, Justice League
 * Reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Green Lantern
 * Guy Gardner
 * Justice League International, Justice League
 * Founding member of the Justice League International. Reserve member of the Justice League. Currently active in the Green Lantern Corps.
 * Rocket Red
 * Gavril Ivanovich
 * Justice League International
 * Founding member of the Justice League International. Dies in Justice League International #7.
 * Vixen
 * Mari Jiwe McCabe
 * Justice League International, Justice League of America (Rebirth), Justice Foundation, Justice League
 * Founding member of the Justice League International, the second Justice League of America and the Justice Foundation. Active as a reserve member of the Justice League and leader of the Justice Foundation.
 * Madame Xanadu
 * Nimue Inwudu
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * rowspan=5|Justice League Dark #1
 * Initially formed the Justice League Dark. Active.
 * colspan=2|John Constantine
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Founding member and later leader of the Justice League Dark. Active.
 * Deadman
 * Boston Brand
 * Justice League Dark (New 52). Reserve member
 * Zatanna
 * Zatanna Zatara
 * Justice League Dark (New 52), Justice League Dark (DC Universe), Justice League
 * Founding member and later leader of the first Justice League Dark; founding member of the second Justice League Dark.
 * Shade, the Changing Man
 * Rac Shade
 * Justice League Dark (New 52); Retired
 * Mind Warp
 * Jay Young
 * Justice League Dark (New 52); Retired
 * Justice League Dark #3
 * Martian Manhunter
 * J'onn J'onzz / John Jones
 * Justice League, Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Between Justice League (vol. 2) issues #6 and #7
 * Founding member of the Justice League of America, and Justice League United. Active.
 * Batwing
 * David Zavimbe
 * Justice League International
 * Justice League International (vol. 3) #8
 * Former member of Batman, Inc. Active.
 * O.M.A.C.
 * Kevin Kho
 * Justice League International
 * Justice League International (vol. 3) #9
 * Active.
 * colspan=2|Andrew Bennett
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * rowspan=3|Justice League Dark #9
 * Black Orchid
 * Alba Garcia
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Doctor Mist
 * Nommo Balewa
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Revealed to be working for Felix Faust in Justice League Dark #11.
 * colspan=2|Timothy Hunter
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Justice League Dark #11.
 * Olympian
 * Aristides Demetrios
 * Justice League International
 * rowspan=2|Justice League International (vol. 3) Annual #1
 * rowspan="2" |Briefly joined the Justice League International before it disbands.
 * Blue Beetle
 * Jaime Reyes
 * Justice League International, Justice League
 * colspan=2|Frankenstein
 * Justice League Dark (New 52), Justice League
 * rowspan=2|Justice League Dark Annual #1
 * Amethyst
 * Amaya
 * Justice League Dark (New 52); Reserve member of the Young Justice League Squad
 * The Atom
 * Rhonda Pineda
 * Justice League, Justice League of America (New 52)
 * rowspan=3|Justice League (vol. 2) #18
 * Revealed in vol. 2 issue #23 to secretly be a member of the Crime Syndicate. Died in Forever Evil #7.
 * Element Woman
 * Emily Sung
 * Justice League
 * Firestorm
 * Ronnie Raymond and Jason Rusch
 * Justice League
 * Active as a reserve member.
 * Col. Steve Trevor
 * Steve Trevor
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * rowspan=6|Justice League of America (vol. 3) #2
 * Founding member and field leader of the first Justice League of America. Active.
 * Hawkman
 * Katar Hol
 * Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Founding member of the first Justice League of America. Dies in Death of Hawkman #6.
 * Katana
 * Tatsu Yamashiro
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * rowspan=3|Founding member of the first Justice League of America.
 * Vibe
 * Francisco "Cisco" Ramon
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Catwoman
 * Selina Kyle
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Stargirl
 * Courtney Whitmore
 * Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Founding member of the first Justice League of America and Justice League United.
 * Green Arrow
 * Oliver "Ollie" Queen
 * Justice League, Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Justice League of America (vol. 3) #4
 * Acted as a spy for the Justice League within the first Justice League of America. Active as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Green Lantern
 * Simon Baz
 * Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League
 * Justice League of America (vol. 3) #5
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps and as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Doctor Light
 * Arthur Light
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #22
 * Killed by Superman in Justice League (vol. 2) #22.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * Firestorm
 * Ronnie Raymond and Jason Rusch
 * Justice League
 * Active as a reserve member.
 * Col. Steve Trevor
 * Steve Trevor
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * rowspan=6|Justice League of America (vol. 3) #2
 * Founding member and field leader of the first Justice League of America. Active.
 * Hawkman
 * Katar Hol
 * Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Founding member of the first Justice League of America. Dies in Death of Hawkman #6.
 * Katana
 * Tatsu Yamashiro
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * rowspan=3|Founding member of the first Justice League of America.
 * Vibe
 * Francisco "Cisco" Ramon
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Catwoman
 * Selina Kyle
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Stargirl
 * Courtney Whitmore
 * Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Founding member of the first Justice League of America and Justice League United.
 * Green Arrow
 * Oliver "Ollie" Queen
 * Justice League, Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League United
 * Justice League of America (vol. 3) #4
 * Acted as a spy for the Justice League within the first Justice League of America. Active as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Green Lantern
 * Simon Baz
 * Justice League of America (New 52), Justice League
 * Justice League of America (vol. 3) #5
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps and as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Doctor Light
 * Arthur Light
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #22
 * Killed by Superman in Justice League (vol. 2) #22.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * Justice League of America (vol. 3) #5
 * Active in the Green Lantern Corps and as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Doctor Light
 * Arthur Light
 * Justice League of America (New 52)
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #22
 * Killed by Superman in Justice League (vol. 2) #22.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * colspan=5 align=center |

Post-Trinity War

 * Nightmare Nurse
 * Asa
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Justice League Dark #24
 * Joined to help fight Blight during Forever Evil.
 * Swamp Thing
 * Alec Holland
 * Justice League Dark (New 52), Justice League Dark (DC Universe), Justice League
 * Justice League Dark #25
 * Active in the second Justice League Dark. Reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Pandora
 * Pandora
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * rowspan=2|Trinity of Sin: Phantom Stranger #14
 * Killed in DC Rebirth Special.
 * The Phantom Stranger
 * Judas Iscariot
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Zauriel
 * Zauriel
 * Justice League Dark (New 52)
 * Constantine #10
 * Animal Man
 * Bernhard "Buddy" Baker
 * Justice League United, Justice League
 * rowspan=2|Justice League United #1
 * Founding member of the Justice League United. Active as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Adam Strange
 * Adam Strange
 * Justice League United, Justice League
 * Died in Death of Hawkman #6; somehow resurrected in Justice League (vol. 4) #1. Active as a reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Supergirl
 * Kara Zor-El
 * Justice League United, Justice League
 * Justice League United #2
 * Active.
 * Equinox
 * Miiyabin Marten
 * Justice League United
 * Justice League United #5
 * Allied with the team in Justice League United #0–4 before officially joining in issue #5.
 * Shazam
 * William "Billy" Batson
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #31
 * colspan=2|Lex Luthor
 * Justice League
 * rowspan=2|Justice League (vol. 2) #33
 * Captain Cold
 * Leonard Snart
 * Justice League
 * Power Ring / Green Lantern
 * Jessica Cruz
 * Justice League, Justice League Odyssey
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #35 (as Power Ring)
 * Becomes a Green Lantern in Justice League (vol. 2) #50. Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * colspan=2|Lex Luthor
 * Justice League
 * rowspan=2|Justice League (vol. 2) #33
 * Captain Cold
 * Leonard Snart
 * Justice League
 * Power Ring / Green Lantern
 * Jessica Cruz
 * Justice League, Justice League Odyssey
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #35 (as Power Ring)
 * Becomes a Green Lantern in Justice League (vol. 2) #50. Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * Justice League, Justice League Odyssey
 * Justice League (vol. 2) #35 (as Power Ring)
 * Becomes a Green Lantern in Justice League (vol. 2) #50. Active.
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |

DC Rebirth

 * Super-Man
 * Kong Kenan
 * Justice League of China
 * rowspan=4|New Super-Man #2
 * rowspan=4|Founding Member. Active.
 * Wonder-Woman
 * Peng Deilan
 * Justice League of China
 * Bat-Man
 * Wang Baixi
 * Justice League of China
 * colspan=2 |Robinbot
 * Justice League of China
 * The Flash
 * Ho Avery
 * Justice League of China
 * New Super-Man #9
 * Active.
 * Black Canary
 * Dinah Drake Lance
 * Justice League of America (Rebirth), Justice Foundation, Justice League
 * rowspan=5|Justice League of America: Rebirth #1
 * Founding member of the second Justice League of America and the Justice Foundation. Active as a member of the Birds of Prey
 * Atom
 * Ryan Choi
 * Justice League of America (Rebirth), Justice Foundation, Justice League
 * Founding member of the second Justice League of America and the Justice Foundation. Reserve member of the Justice League. Active.
 * Killer Frost
 * Caitlin Snow
 * Justice League of America (Rebirth), Justice Foundation, Justice League
 * Founding member of the second Justice League of America and the Justice Foundation. Active.
 * Ray
 * Ray Terrill
 * Justice League of America (Rebirth), Justice Foundation
 * Lobo
 * Unpronounceable
 * Justice League of America (Rebirth)
 * Aztek
 * Nayeli Constant
 * Justice League of America (Rebirth), Justice Foundation
 * Justice League of America (vol. 5) #25
 * Founding member of the Justice Foundation. Active.
 * Dragonson
 * Ahn Kwang-Jo
 * Justice League of China
 * New Super-Man #20
 * Active.
 * Mera
 * Mera of Xebel
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 3) #24
 * Freedom Beast
 * Dominic Mndawe
 * Justice Foundation
 * rowspan="6" |Justice League of America (vol. 5) #29
 * rowspan="6" |Founding member. Active.
 * Extraño
 * Gregorio de la Vega
 * Justice Foundation, Justice League Queer
 * Insight
 * Mastrocola
 * Justice Foundation
 * colspan="2" |Lorraine Bedy
 * Justice Foundation
 * Strange Visitor
 * Sharon Vance
 * Justice Foundation
 * colspan="2" |Xenos
 * Justice Foundation
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * rowspan="6" |Justice League of America (vol. 5) #29
 * rowspan="6" |Founding member. Active.
 * Extraño
 * Gregorio de la Vega
 * Justice Foundation, Justice League Queer
 * Insight
 * Mastrocola
 * Justice Foundation
 * colspan="2" |Lorraine Bedy
 * Justice Foundation
 * Strange Visitor
 * Sharon Vance
 * Justice Foundation
 * colspan="2" |Xenos
 * Justice Foundation
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * colspan="2" |Xenos
 * Justice Foundation
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * colspan=5 align=center |

DC Universe

 * Hawkgirl
 * Kendra Saunders
 * Justice League
 * Dark Nights: Metal #6
 * Man-Bat
 * Robert Kirkland "Kirk" Langstrom
 * Justice League Dark (DC Universe), Justice League
 * rowspan="2"|Justice League Dark (vol. 2) #1
 * rowspan="2"|Founding member of the second Justice League Dark. Reserve member of the Justice League.
 * Detective Chimp
 * Bobo T. Chimpanzee
 * Justice League Dark (DC Universe), Justice League
 * Doctor Fate
 * Khalid Nassour
 * Justice League Dark (DC Universe), Justice League
 * Justice League Dark (vol. 2) #18
 * Initially joined as an adviser status and became a full-time member of the second Justice League Dark. Reserved member of the Justice League.
 * Hawkman
 * Carter Hall
 * Justice League
 * rowspan="3" |Justice League (vol. 4) #1
 * Reserve member.
 * Mister Terrific
 * Michael Holt
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Plastic Man
 * Patrick "Eel" O'Brian
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Green Lantern
 * John Stewart
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #2
 * Also active as leader in the Green Lantern Corps.
 * Starfire
 * Koriand'r
 * Justice League Odyssey; Currently active as a member of the Titans
 * rowspan="2"|Justice League Odyssey #1
 * Azrael
 * Jean-Paul Valley
 * Justice League Odyssey
 * Starman
 * Will Payton
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #14
 * Deceased.
 * colspan="2" |Arla Hax
 * Justice League Odyssey
 * rowspan="4" |Justice League Odyssey #14
 * Blackfire
 * Komand'r
 * Justice League Odyssey
 * Orion
 * Orion of Apokolips
 * Justice League Odyssey
 * Red Lantern
 * Dex-Starr
 * Justice League Odyssey
 * World Forger
 * Alpheus
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #25
 * Originally from the Sixth Dimension.
 * Gamma Knife
 * Suzi Starr
 * Justice League Odyssey
 * Justice League Odyssey #21
 * Erased from timeline in Justice League Odyssey #25.
 * Aquaman
 * Jackson Hyde
 * Justice League, reserve member of the Young Justice League Squad; Justice League (Dark Crisis)
 * rowspan="18" |Justice League (vol. 4) #30
 * Reserve member. Active in Jon Kent's Justice League.
 * Batgirl/Oracle
 * Barbara Gordon
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member; currently active as a member of the Birds of Prey
 * Beast Boy
 * Garfield Logan
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member; currently active as a member of the Titans
 * Black Lightning
 * Jefferson Pierce
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Blue Beetle
 * Ted Kord
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member. Former member of Jon Kent's Justice League.
 * Captain Atom
 * Nathaniel Adam
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * colspan="2" |Donna Troy
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member; currently active as a member of the Titans
 * Green Lantern
 * Kyle Rayner
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Jericho
 * Joseph Wilson
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Kid Flash
 * Wallace R. West
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member, currently active as a member of the Teen Titans.
 * Metamorpho
 * Rex Mason
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Miss Martian
 * M'gann M'orzz
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Phantom Girl
 * Linnya Wazzo
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * Raven
 * Rachel Roth
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member; currently active as a member of the Titans
 * Red Arrow
 * Emiko Queen
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member; currently active as a member of the Teen Titans
 * Robin
 * Damian Wayne
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member. Former member of Jon Kent's Justice League.
 * Steel
 * Natasha Irons
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * colspan="2" |Shayne J'onzz
 * Justice League
 * Originally from the Sixth Dimension. Reserve member.
 * Aztek
 * Uno
 * Justice League
 * rowspan="3" |Robin 2021 Annual #1
 * The Flash
 * Wally West
 * Justice League; currently active as a member of the Titans
 * Green Arrow
 * Connor Hawke
 * Justice League
 * Black Adam
 * Teth-Adam
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #60
 * Powerhouse
 * Naomi McDuffie
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #63
 * Queen Nubia
 * Nubia of Themyscira
 * Justice League
 * Nubia and the Justice League Special #1
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * Red Arrow
 * Emiko Queen
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member; currently active as a member of the Teen Titans
 * Robin
 * Damian Wayne
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member. Former member of Jon Kent's Justice League.
 * Steel
 * Natasha Irons
 * Justice League
 * Reserve member.
 * colspan="2" |Shayne J'onzz
 * Justice League
 * Originally from the Sixth Dimension. Reserve member.
 * Aztek
 * Uno
 * Justice League
 * rowspan="3" |Robin 2021 Annual #1
 * The Flash
 * Wally West
 * Justice League; currently active as a member of the Titans
 * Green Arrow
 * Connor Hawke
 * Justice League
 * Black Adam
 * Teth-Adam
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #60
 * Powerhouse
 * Naomi McDuffie
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #63
 * Queen Nubia
 * Nubia of Themyscira
 * Justice League
 * Nubia and the Justice League Special #1
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * Powerhouse
 * Naomi McDuffie
 * Justice League
 * Justice League (vol. 4) #63
 * Queen Nubia
 * Nubia of Themyscira
 * Justice League
 * Nubia and the Justice League Special #1
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * Justice League
 * Nubia and the Justice League Special #1
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |
 * - bgcolor="#dddddd"
 * colspan=5 align=center |

Dark Crisis

 * Superman
 * Jonathan Samuel "Jon" Kent
 * Justice League
 * rowspan="3" |Dark Crisis #1
 * Founding member of the team following the apparent death of his father.
 * Doctor Light
 * Kimiyo Hoshi
 * Justice League
 * Harley Quinn
 * Harleen Quinzel
 * Justice League
 * Wonder Girl
 * Yara Flor
 * Justice League
 * Dark Crisis #3
 * }
 * Wonder Girl
 * Yara Flor
 * Justice League
 * Dark Crisis #3
 * }
 * }
 * }

Arrowverse
In order of appearance:

DC Extended Universe
In order of appearance:

title: List of Justice League members