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American Impressionism

American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth. The style is characterized by loose brushwork and vivid colors with a wide array of subject matters but focusing on landscapes and upper-class domestic life.

Emerging style
Impressionism emerged as an artistic style in France in the 1860s. Major exhibitions of French impressionist works in Boston and New York in the 1880s introduced the style to the American public. The first exhibit took place in 1886 in New York and was presented by the American Art Association and organized by Paul Durand-Ruel. Some of the first American artists to paint in an impressionistic mode, such as Theodore Robinson and Mary Cassatt, did so in the late 1880s after visiting France and meeting with artists such as Claude Monet. Others, such as Childe Hassam, took notice of the increasing numbers of French impressionist works at American exhibitions.

Impressionism was initially unpopular in the United States. At the first exhibit in 1886, Americans were attracted to the landscape paintings but were offended by the realist figures and nudity depicted in other paintings. American artists were hesitant to adopt the style of Impressionism while studying in France as it was created as a radical rejection of tradition at the Academy and American artists hoped to gain acceptance through their traditional academy studies. Over time, American patrons began to accept the abstract forms of Impressionism, especially as American artists, such as Mary Cassatt, began to adopt the styles of French Impressionism.

Mary Cassatt
Mary Cassatt played a large role in the adoption of Impressionism by American patrons. Mary Cassatt formed a close relationship with Edgar Degas, who, impressed by her work, invited her to show with the French Impressionists in 1877. She was the only American to ever exhibit her work alongside the original Impressionists in France. Through her connections to wealthy upperclass Americans, Cassatt convinced many of her friends of the artistic merits of Impressionism and encouraged the purchase of French works.

Characteristics of American Impressionism
Unlike early Renaissance painters, American Impressionists favored asymmetrical composition, cropped figures, and plunging perspectives in their works in order to create a more "impressionist" version of the subject. In addition, American impressionists used pure color straight from the tubes to make the works more vibrant, used broken brushstrokes, and practiced "impasto"- a style of painting characterized by thick raised strokes. European impressionists painted tranquil scenes of landscapes or the lower and middle classes. American impressionists focused on landscapes like the European impressionists, but unlike their European counterparts, American impressionists also painted scenes of quiet domesticity, in contrast to the emergence of industrialization.

Impressionism in the Industrial Age
As railroads, automobiles, and other new technology emerged, American impressionists often painted vast landscapes and small towns in an effort to return to nature. Before the invention of collapsible paint tubes artists were often confined to using subjects in their studios or painting from memory. With the invention of paint tubes in 1841, artists could transport their paint and easily paint in nature.

Trailblazers
From the 1890s through the 1910s, American impressionism flourished in art colonies—loosely affiliated groups of artists who lived and worked together and shared a common aesthetic vision. Art colonies tended to form in small towns that provided affordable living, abundant scenery for painting, and relatively easy access to large cities where artists could sell their work. Some of the most important American impressionist artists gathered at Cos Cob and Old Lyme, Connecticut, both on Long Island Sound; New Hope, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River; and Brown County, Indiana. American impressionist artists also thrived in California at Carmel and Laguna Beach; in New York on eastern Long Island at Shinnecock, largely due to the influence of William Merritt Chase; and in Boston where Edmund Charles Tarbell and Frank Weston Benson became important practitioners of the impressionist style.

Jazz Age decline
Some American art colonies remained vibrant centers of impressionist art into the 1920s. But with the advent of the Ashcan School in 1910, the tides of the American art world started change. Impressionism in America further lost its cutting-edge status in 1913 when a historic exhibition of modern art took place at the 69th Regiment Armory building in New York City. The “Armory Show”, as it came to be called, heralded a new painting style regarded as more in touch with the increasingly fast-paced and chaotic world, especially with the outbreak of World War I, The Great Depression and World War II.

Notable American impressionists
Prominent impressionist painters, from the United States include:

 * John White Alexander (1856–1915)
 * J. Ottis Adams (1851–1927)
 * Lucy Bacon (1857–1932)
 * George Herbert Baker (1878–1943)
 * John Noble Barlow (1861–1917)
 * Thomas P. Barnett (1870–1929)
 * Reynolds Beal (1867–1951)
 * Marilyn Bendell (1921-2003)
 * Frank Weston Benson (1862–1951)
 * Johann Berthelsen (1883–1972)
 * Warren Eugene Brandon (1916–1977)
 * John Leslie Breck (1860–1899)
 * Matilda Browne (1869–1947)
 * John Elwood Bundy (1853–1933)
 * Dennis Miller Bunker (1861–1890)
 * Theodore Earl Butler (1861–1936)
 * Mary Cassatt (1844–1926)
 * William Merritt Chase (1849–1916)
 * Alson S. Clark (1876–1949)
 * Colin Campbell Cooper (1856–1937)
 * Paul Cornoyer (1864–1923)
 * Joseph DeCamp (1858–1923)
 * Thomas Dewing (1851–1938)
 * George Dinckel (1890–1976)
 * Frank DuMond (1865–1951)
 * John Joseph Enneking (1841–1916)
 * Carl Eytel (1862–1925)
 * Pedro Figari (1861–1938)
 * Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874–1939)
 * Daniel Garber (1880–1958)
 * Robert F. Gault (1898–1977) AWS
 * Arthur Hill Gilbert (1893–1970)
 * Edmund Greacen (1877–1949)
 * Richard Gruelle (1851–1914)
 * Childe Hassam (1859–1935)
 * William Samuel Horton (1865–1936)
 * Wilson Irvine (1869–1936)
 * Charles S. Kaelin (1858–1929)
 * Joseph Kleitsch (1882–1931) (California Impressionist)
 * Albert Henry Krehbiel (1873–1945)
 * William Langson Lathrop (1859–1938)
 * Hayley Lever (1876–1958)
 * Laura Muntz Lyall (1860–1930)
 * Theodore Lukits (1897–1992)
 * Victor Matson (1895–1972)
 * Willard Metcalf (1858–1925)
 * Richard Edward Miller (1875–1943)
 * Abram Molarsky (1879–1955)
 * Robertson Kirtland Mygatt (1861–1919)
 * George Loftus Noyes (1864–1954)
 * Frank Nuderscher (1880–1959)
 * Leonard Ochtman (1854–1935)
 * Julian Onderdonk (1882–1922)
 * William McGregor Paxton (1869–1941)
 * Edgar Alwin Payne (1883–1947)
 * Clara Elsene Peck (1883–1968)
 * Van Dearing Perrine (1869–1955)
 * Lilla Cabot Perry (1848–1933)
 * Fritz Poock (1877–1945)
 * Edward Henry Potthast (1857–1927)
 * Edward Willis Redfield (1869–1925)
 * Robert Reid (1862–1929)
 * Theodore Robinson (1852–1896)
 * Edward Francis Rook (1870–1960)
 * Guy Rose (1867–1925)
 * Porfirio Salinas (1910–1973)
 * John Singer Sargent (1856–1925)
 * Paul Sawyier (1865–1917)
 * Christian von Schneidau (1893–1976)
 * Edward Simmons (1852–1931)
 * Sueo Serisawa (1910-2004) (California Impressionist)
 * Tim Solliday (born 1952)
 * George Sotter (1879–1953)
 * Anna Huntington Stanley (1864–1907)
 * Otto Stark (1859–1926)
 * T. C. Steele (1847–1926)
 * Edmund Charles Tarbell (1862–1938)
 * John Henry Twachtman (1853–1902)
 * Edward Charles Volkert (1871–1935)
 * Robert Vonnoh (1858–1933)
 * Clark Voorhees (1871–1933)
 * Marion Wachtel (1875–1954)
 * Fred Wagner (1860–1940)
 * Martha Walter (1895–1976)
 * J. Alden Weir (1852–1919)
 * Catherine Wiley (1879–1958)
 * Robert William Wood (1889–1979)
 * Mary Agnes Yerkes (1886–1989)

title: American Impressionism


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John Henry Twachtman

John Henry Twachtman (August 4, 1853 – August 8, 1902) was an American painter best known for his impressionist landscapes, though his painting style varied widely through his career. Art historians consider Twachtman's style of American Impressionism to be among the more personal and experimental of his generation. He was a member of "The Ten," a loosely-allied group of American artists dissatisfied with professional art organizations, who banded together in 1898 to exhibit their works as a stylistically unified group.

Studies
Twachtman was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and received his first art training there, including studying under Frank Duveneck. Like many other gifted and driven artists of his generation, including Henry Ossawa Tanner and Diego Rivera, he sought his training in Europe. He enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich in 1875 and visited Venice with Duveneck and William Merritt Chase in 1878. His landscapes from this time exhibit the loosely brushed, shadowy technique taught at Munich. Twachtman also learned etching, and sometimes carried etching plates with him that he could use to spontaneously record a scene.

After a brief return to America, Twachtman studied from 1883 to 1885 at the Académie Julian in Paris, and his paintings dramatically shifted towards a soft, gray and green tonalist style. During this time he painted what some art historians consider to be his greatest masterpieces, including Arques-la-Bataille, in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and Springtime, in the collection of the Cincinnati Art Museum.

Maturity
In 1886 he returned to America. In 1890, he bought a farm in Greenwich. He often painted and exhibited with fellow artist Julian Alden Weir, and spent considerable time at the art colony in Cos Cob. His presence was vital to the colony, says art historian Susan G. Larkin:

"Twachtman's temperament—by turns gregarious and introspective, restless and serene—was a major factor in preventing the Cos Cob art colony from becoming a backwater of nostalgic complacency. Ironically, his lack of commercial success contributed to his artistic independence, freeing him from the temptation of producing salable pictures according to a proven formula. His art, conversation, and teaching fueled the creative fires of his friends and students in Cos Cob."

In addition to his oil paintings, Twachtman produced drawings in pastel. He taught painting at the Art Students League from 1889 until his death in 1902. Twachtman was close friends with Julian Alden Weir and the two often painted together.

In Connecticut his painting style shifted again, this time to a highly personal impressionist technique. Twachtman painted many landscapes of his farm and garden in Greenwich, often depicting the snow-covered landscape. He executed dozens of paintings of a small waterfall on his property, capturing the scene in different seasons and times of day. In the summers of 1900–1902, Twachtman visited Gloucester, Massachusetts, another center of artistic activity in the era, and produced a series of vibrant scenes that anticipated a more modernist style yet to gain prominence in American art. Twachtman died suddenly in Gloucester of a brain aneurysm, aged 49. Today, his works are in many museum collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John Henry Twachtman


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Large cardinal

In the mathematical field of set theory, a large cardinal property is a certain kind of property of transfinite cardinal numbers. Cardinals with such properties are, as the name suggests, generally very "large" (for example, bigger than the least α such that α=ωα). The proposition that such cardinals exist cannot be proved in the most common axiomatization of set theory, namely ZFC, and such propositions can be viewed as ways of measuring how "much", beyond ZFC, one needs to assume to be able to prove certain desired results. In other words, they can be seen, in Dana Scott's phrase, as quantifying the fact "that if you want more you have to assume more".

There is a rough convention that results provable from ZFC alone may be stated without hypotheses, but that if the proof requires other assumptions (such as the existence of large cardinals), these should be stated. Whether this is simply a linguistic convention, or something more, is a controversial point among distinct philosophical schools (see Motivations and epistemic status below).

A large cardinal axiom is an axiom stating that there exists a cardinal (or perhaps many of them) with some specified large cardinal property.

Most working set theorists believe that the large cardinal axioms that are currently being considered are consistent with ZFC. These axioms are strong enough to imply the consistency of ZFC. This has the consequence (via Gödel's second incompleteness theorem) that their consistency with ZFC cannot be proven in ZFC (assuming ZFC is consistent).

There is no generally agreed precise definition of what a large cardinal property is, though essentially everyone agrees that those in the list of large cardinal properties are large cardinal properties.

Partial definition
A necessary condition for a property of cardinal numbers to be a large cardinal property is that the existence of such a cardinal is not known to be inconsistent with ZF and that such a cardinal Κ would be an uncountable initial ordinal for which LΚ is a model of ZFC. If ZFC is consistent, then ZFC does not imply that any such large cardinals exist.

Hierarchy of consistency strength
A remarkable observation about large cardinal axioms is that they appear to occur in strict linear order by consistency strength. That is, no exception is known to the following: Given two large cardinal axioms A1 and A2, exactly one of three things happens: These are mutually exclusive, unless one of the theories in question is actually inconsistent.
 * 1) Unless ZFC is inconsistent, ZFC+A1 is consistent if and only if ZFC+A2 is consistent;
 * 2) ZFC+A1 proves that ZFC+A2 is consistent; or
 * 3) ZFC+A2 proves that ZFC+A1 is consistent.

In case 1, we say that A1 and A2 are equiconsistent. In case 2, we say that A1 is consistency-wise stronger than A2 (vice versa for case 3). If A2 is stronger than A1, then ZFC+A1 cannot prove ZFC+A2 is consistent, even with the additional hypothesis that ZFC+A1 is itself consistent (provided of course that it really is). This follows from Gödel's second incompleteness theorem.

The observation that large cardinal axioms are linearly ordered by consistency strength is just that, an observation, not a theorem. (Without an accepted definition of large cardinal property, it is not subject to proof in the ordinary sense.) Also, it is not known in every case which of the three cases holds. Saharon Shelah has asked, "[i]s there some theorem explaining this, or is our vision just more uniform than we realize?" Woodin, however, deduces this from the Ω-conjecture, the main unsolved problem of his Ω-logic. It is also noteworthy that many combinatorial statements are exactly equiconsistent with some large cardinal rather than, say, being intermediate between them.

The order of consistency strength is not necessarily the same as the order of the size of the smallest witness to a large cardinal axiom. For example, the existence of a huge cardinal is much stronger, in terms of consistency strength, than the existence of a supercompact cardinal, but assuming both exist, the first huge is smaller than the first supercompact.

Motivations and epistemic status
Large cardinals are understood in the context of the von Neumann universe V, which is built up by transfinitely iterating the powerset operation, which collects together all subsets of a given set. Typically, models in which large cardinal axioms fail can be seen in some natural way as submodels of those in which the axioms hold. For example, if there is an inaccessible cardinal, then "cutting the universe off" at the height of the first such cardinal yields a universe in which there is no inaccessible cardinal. Or if there is a measurable cardinal, then iterating the definable powerset operation rather than the full one yields Gödel's constructible universe, L, which does not satisfy the statement "there is a measurable cardinal" (even though it contains the measurable cardinal as an ordinal).

Thus, from a certain point of view held by many set theorists (especially those inspired by the tradition of the Cabal), large cardinal axioms "say" that we are considering all the sets we're "supposed" to be considering, whereas their negations are "restrictive" and say that we're considering only some of those sets. Moreover the consequences of large cardinal axioms seem to fall into natural patterns (see Maddy, "Believing the Axioms, II"). For these reasons, such set theorists tend to consider large cardinal axioms to have a preferred status among extensions of ZFC, one not shared by axioms of less clear motivation (such as Martin's axiom) or others that they consider intuitively unlikely (such as V = L). The hardcore realists in this group would state, more simply, that large cardinal axioms are true.

This point of view is by no means universal among set theorists. Some formalists would assert that standard set theory is by definition the study of the consequences of ZFC, and while they might not be opposed in principle to studying the consequences of other systems, they see no reason to single out large cardinals as preferred. There are also realists who deny that ontological maximalism is a proper motivation, and even believe that large cardinal axioms are false. And finally, there are some who deny that the negations of large cardinal axioms are restrictive, pointing out that (for example) there can be a transitive set model in L that believes there exists a measurable cardinal, even though L itself does not satisfy that proposition.

title: Large cardinal


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Warwickshire

Warwickshire ( abbreviated Warks) is a ceremonial county in the West Midlands of England. It is bordered by Staffordshire and Leicestershire to the north, Northamptonshire to the east, Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire to the south, and Worcestershire and the West Midlands county to the west. The largest settlement is Nuneaton and the county town is Warwick.

The county is largely rural; it has an area of 763 sqmi and a population of 571,010. After Nuneaton (88,813), the largest settlements are Rugby (78,125), Leamington Spa (50,923), Warwick (37,267), Bedworth (31,090) and Stratford-upon-Avon (30,495). For local government purposes, Warwickshire is a non-metropolitan county with five districts. The county historically included the city of Coventry and the area to its west, including Sutton Coldfield, Solihull and a significant part of Birmingham, including the city centre.

Warwickshire is a flat, lowland county, but its far south contains part of the Cotswolds AONB. The River Avon, a major tributary of the Severn, flows through the south of the county.

The region was part of Roman Britain and later the Roman road called Watling Street became the boundary between the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia and the Danelaw. The county was relatively settled during the rest of the Middle Ages and Early Modern period; Coventry developed as a major centre of the textiles trade. The playwright William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564, living much of his life there, and the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was planned near Snitterfield. During the Industrial Revolution, the Warwickshire coalfield was exploited and Coventry and the west of the county became manufacturing centres; Leamington Spa developed as a tourist resort at the same time. The Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans, better known as George Eliot, was born just outside Nuneaton in 1819.

Geography
Warwickshire is bordered by Leicestershire to the northeast, Staffordshire to the northwest, Worcestershire and the West Midlands to the west, Northamptonshire to the east and southeast, Gloucestershire to the southwest and Oxfordshire to the south. The northern tip of the county is only 3 mi from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of 1,975 km2, it runs some 56 mi north to south.

The majority of Warwickshire's population live in the north and centre of the county. The market towns of northern and eastern Warwickshire were industrialised in the 19th century, and include Atherstone, Bedworth, Coleshill, Nuneaton, and Rugby. Major industries included coal mining, textiles, engineering and cement production, but heavy industry is in decline, being replaced by distribution centres, light to medium industry and services. Of the northern and eastern towns, Nuneaton and Rugby (as the birthplace of rugby football) are best known outside of Warwickshire. The prosperous towns of central and western Warwickshire, including Leamington Spa, Warwick, Stratford-upon-Avon, Kenilworth, Alcester, Southam and Wellesbourne, harbour tourism, gaming and services as major employment sectors.

The north of the county, bordering Staffordshire and Leicestershire, is mildly undulating countryside (rising to 178m / 581 ft near Hartshill) and the northernmost village, No Man's Heath, is only 34 mi south of the Peak District National Park's southernmost point.

The south of the county is largely rural and sparsely populated, and includes a very small area of the Cotswolds, at the border with northeast Gloucestershire. The plain between the outlying Cotswolds and the Edgehill escarpment is known as the Vale of Red Horse. The only town in the south of Warwickshire is Shipston-on-Stour. The highest point in the county, at 261 m, is Ebrington Hill, again on the border with Gloucestershire, at the county's southwest extremity.

There are no cities in Warwickshire since both Coventry and Birmingham were incorporated into the West Midlands county in 1974 and are now metropolitan authorities in themselves. According to the 2011 United Kingdom census, the largest towns (+20,000 pop.) in Warwickshire were: Nuneaton (pop. 81,900), Rugby (70,600), Leamington Spa (49,500), Bedworth (32,500), Warwick (30,100), Stratford (25,500) and Kenilworth (22,400)

Arden and Felden
Much of western Warwickshire, including the area now forming part of Coventry, Solihull and Birmingham, was covered by the ancient Forest of Arden (most of which was cut down to provide fuel for industrialisation). Thus the names of a number of places in the central-western part of Warwickshire end with the phrase "-in-Arden", such as Henley-in-Arden, Hampton-in-Arden and Tanworth-in-Arden. The remaining area, not part of the forest, was called the Felden – from fielden - and is now an undulating and agricultural landscape, through which the rivers Avon and Leam flow.

Historic county boundaries
Areas historically part of Warwickshire include Coventry, Solihull, Sutton Coldfield, and some of Birmingham including the city centre, Aston, Castle Bromwich, Digbeth, Edgbaston, Erdington, Hodge Hill, Ladywood, Nechells, Saltley, Shard End, Sheldon, Small Heath and Sparkbrook. These areas also became part of the metropolitan county of West Midlands (and Sutton Coldfield became part of Birmingham) following local government re-organisation in 1974. In 1986 the West Midlands County Council was abolished and Birmingham, Coventry, and Solihull became effective unitary authorities. However, the West Midlands county name has not been altogether abolished, and still exists for ceremonial purposes. Since 2016, it has been used as part of the West Midlands Combined Authority, with powers over transport, economic development and regeneration. Some organisations, such as Warwickshire County Cricket Club, which is based in Edgbaston, in Birmingham, observe the historic county boundaries.

The flag of the historic county was registered in October 2016. It is a design of a bear and ragged staff on a red field, which is long associated with the county.

Coventry is effectively in the centre of the Warwickshire area, and still has strong ties with the county. Coventry and Warwickshire are sometimes treated as a single area and share a single Chamber of Commerce, Local Enterprise Partnership and BBC Local Radio Station (BBC Coventry & Warwickshire).

Coventry was administered separately from the rest of Warwickshire between 1451 and 1842. It formed the County of the City of Coventry, a county corporate from 1451. In 1842 the county corporate of Coventry was abolished and remerged with the rest of Warwickshire.

The town of Tamworth was historically divided between Warwickshire and Staffordshire, but since 1888 has been fully in Staffordshire.

Green belt
Warwickshire contains a large expanse of green belt area, surrounding the West Midlands and Coventry conurbations, and was first drawn up from the 1950s. All the county's districts contain some portion of the belt.

Places of interest

 * Anne Hathaway's Cottage
 * Arbury Hall
 * Battle of Edgehill
 * The Belfry
 * Brinklow Castle
 * British Motor Museum
 * Burton Dassett Hills
 * Caldecotte Park
 * Charlecote Park
 * Charlecote Water Mill
 * Chesterton Windmill
 * Compton Verney House
 * Compton Wynyates
 * Coombe Abbey
 * Coombe Country Park
 * Coughton Court
 * Coventry Canal
 * Draycote Water
 * Grand Union Canal
 * Guy Fawkes House
 * Hartshill Hayes Country Park
 * Hatton Country World
 * Jephson Gardens
 * Kenilworth Castle
 * King Edward VI School
 * Kingsbury Water Park
 * Ladywalk Reserve
 * Lunt Roman Fort
 * Lord Leycester Hospital
 * Lowsonford
 * Mary Arden's House
 * Midland Air Museum
 * Newbold Quarry Park
 * Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery
 * Oxford Canal
 * Ragley Hall
 * River Avon
 * Rollright Stones
 * Royal Pump Rooms
 * Royal Shakespeare Theatre
 * Rugby Art Gallery and Museum
 * Rugby School
 * Ryton Pools Country Park
 * Shakespeare's Birthplace
 * Shakespeare's New Place
 * St. Nicholas' Park
 * Swift Valley Nature Reserve
 * The Forest Hermitage
 * University of Warwick
 * Warwick Castle
 * Warwick School
 * Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum
 * Wellesbourne Wartime Museum

Economy
Warwickshire has a strong and growing economy with the automotive industry being a major contributor. In the north, BMW's Hams Hall plant employs over 1,000 people, while Jaguar Land Rover and Aston Martin Lagonda have headquarters, including a giant advanced production creation centre, at Gaydon in the south.

Warwickshire is also establishing a growing reputation as a global hub of the video game industry. One of Britain's oldest still-running game studios, Codemasters, has operated out of Southam for decades; the greater "Silicon Spa" area, including Southam, Royal Leamington Spa and Warwick, is now home to dozens of game studios which employ a combined total of over 2,000 highly skilled people, equating to more than 10% of the UK's games development workforce.

Increasingly the region is establishing itself as one of the leading areas in battery technology with major developments announced in 2021 that include a £130 million UK Battery Industrialisation Centre (UKBIC) based in Coventry.

Tourism is also a key area of employment with country parks, rural areas and historic towns across the county. It generates a total business turnover of over £1 billion to the local economy and supports almost 20,000 jobs.

Settlements
Main Warwickshire towns:
 * Bedworth
 * Kenilworth
 * Nuneaton
 * Leamington Spa
 * Rugby
 * Stratford-upon-Avon
 * Warwick

Smaller towns and large villages include:
 * Alcester
 * Atherstone
 * Bidford-on-Avon
 * Bulkington
 * Coleshill
 * Henley-in-Arden
 * Kingsbury
 * Polesworth
 * Shipston-on-Stour
 * Southam
 * Studley
 * Water Orton
 * Wellesbourne
 * Whitnash

History

Warwickshire came into being as a division of the kingdom of Mercia in the early 11th century. The first reference to Warwickshire was in 1001, as Wæringscīr, named after Warwick. The prefix wara- is the genitive plural of the Old English noun waru, which means "those that care for, watch, guard, protect, or defend". It was used as an endonym by both Goths and Jutes. The suffix -wick is an Old English cognate (-wic) for the Latin word for village, vicus. Near Warwick are the villages of Long Itchington and Bishop's Itchington along the River Itchen.

During the Middle Ages Warwickshire was dominated by Coventry, at the time one of the most important cities in England because of its prominence in the textiles trade. Warwickshire played a key part in the English Civil War, with the Battle of Edgehill and other skirmishes taking place in the county. During the Industrial Revolution Warwickshire became one of Britain's foremost industrial counties, with the large industrial cities of Birmingham and Coventry within its boundaries.

Boundary changes

 * 1844: The Counties (Detached Parts) Act transferred a township to, and two parishes from, the county.
 * 1888: Those parts of the town of Tamworth lying in Warwickshire were ceded to Staffordshire.
 * 1891: Harborne became part of the County Borough of Birmingham and thus was transferred from Staffordshire to Warwickshire by the Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (No. 13) Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. clxi) (local act).
 * 1891: The district of Balsall Heath, which had originally constituted the most northerly part of the Parish of King's Norton in Worcestershire, was added to the County Borough of Birmingham, and therefore Warwickshire, on 1 October 1891.
 * 1909: Quinton was formally removed from Worcestershire and incorporated into the County Borough of Birmingham, then in Warwickshire, on 9 November 1909.
 * 1911: The Urban District of Handsworth, in Staffordshire, and the Rural District of Yardley along with the greater part of the Urban District of King's Norton and Northfield, both in Worcestershire, were absorbed into Birmingham, and thus Warwickshire, as part of the Greater Birmingham Scheme on 9 November 1911.
 * 1928: Perry Barr Urban District was ceded to Birmingham from Staffordshire.
 * 1931: The boundaries between Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire were adjusted by the Provisional Order Confirmation (Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire) Act which transferred 26 parishes between the three counties, largely to eliminate exclaves. The town of Shipston-on-Stour was gained from Worcestershire and several villages, including Long Marston and Welford-on-Avon, from Gloucestershire.
 * 1974: Under The Local Government Act 1972, Birmingham, Coventry, Solihull and Sutton Coldfield were ceded to the new West Midlands county, with Sutton Coldfield becoming part of Birmingham.

Local government
Like most English shire counties, Warwickshire has a two-tier local government of a county council, and five districts each having a district or borough council. These districts are: North Warwickshire, Nuneaton and Bedworth, Rugby, Stratford, and Warwick (see map). The county and district councils are responsible for providing different services.

Atherstone is the headquarters of the North Warwickshire district, Nuneaton is headquarters of the Nuneaton and Bedworth District and Leamington Spa is the headquarters of the Warwick district.

Warwickshire County Council, based in Warwick is elected every four years. The last election was the held on 6 May 2021 and resulted in a Conservative majority. The county council operates a cabinet-style council. The county council is made of 57 councillors, who decide upon the budget and appoints the council leader. The council leader selects 8 councillors and together they form the cabinet. The Leader assigns portfolios on which cabinet members make decisions. Key decisions are made by the whole cabinet while others are made only by the portfolio holders for relevant areas.

In addition many small towns and villages have their own town council or parish council as the most local tier of local government.

Warwickshire is policed by the Warwickshire Police. The force is governed by the elected Warwickshire Police and Crime Commissioner.

Proposed local government reorganisation
In August 2020 Warwickshire County Council put forward proposals for the five district and borough councils in the county to be abolished and replaced with a single county-wide unitary authority. This prompted a backlash from the district and borough councils who commissioned their own report, which argued in favour of Warwickshire being split into two unitary authorities, one for the north of the county, covering the current districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton and Bedworth and Rugby, and one for the south of the county, covering Warwick and Stratford districts. In September 2020, it was agreed that both proposals would be sent for consideration to the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government.

Education
In the state sector, children start school in the school year in which they turn five. They stay at primary school for seven years (although this varies even within the county, as some people have previously gone for four years and then spent another four years at a 'middle school') until they are eleven. Warwickshire is one of 36 local authorities in England to still maintain the grammar school system in two districts: Stratford-on-Avon and Rugby. In the final year of primary school, children are given the opportunity of sitting the 11-plus exam to compete for a place at one of the 5 grammar schools: Stratford-upon-Avon Grammar School for Girls; King Edward VI School, a boys' school from year 7–11 with a mixed Sixth-Form; Lawrence Sheriff Grammar School for Boys; Rugby High School for Girls and Alcester Grammar School (mixed). The Warwickshire 11+ selection test consists of two papers, each containing a mixture of verbal reasoning, numerical reasoning and non-verbal reasoning multiple-choice questions.

Warwickshire contains four colleges of further education: North Warwickshire & Hinckley College, King Edward VI Sixth Form College (K.E.G.S) in Nuneaton, Stratford-upon-Avon College and the Warwickshire College Group an institution made up of six main separate colleges that have merged (Leamington Centre, Rugby Centre, Moreton Morrell Centre, Pershore College, Henley-in-Arden Centre and the Trident Centre in Warwick).

There are also six independent senior schools within the county, namely: Rugby School, Warwick School, Princethorpe College, Kingsley School, Arnold Lodge School (both in Leamington Spa), and the King's High School For Girls (in Warwick).

A number of the Warwickshire grammar and independent schools have historical significance. King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon still uses 13th century school buildings and is the likely school of William Shakespeare, Rugby School was founded in 1567 and Warwick School was founded c. 914 AD, which makes it the oldest surviving boys' school in the country. Rugby School is one of nine schools that were defined as the "great" English public schools by the Public Schools Act 1868, and is a member of the Rugby Group. Rugby School, Princethorpe College and Warwick School are HMC schools, with the Headmaster from each school attending the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

There are no universities per se in Warwickshire, though the University of Warwick forms part of the border with Warwickshire on the southern edge of the city of Coventry. Some areas of the University of Warwick are within the boundaries of Warwickshire including Lakeside Village and Warwick Business School The university has a small campus near Wellesbourne which houses the Warwick Horticultural Research Centre and an Innovation Centre.

Roads
Several major motorways run through Warwickshire; these are:

 * The M40 motorway, which connects London to Birmingham, runs through the centre of the county; it serves Leamington Spa, Warwick and Stratford.
 * The M6 motorway, which connects North West England and the West Midlands to the M1 motorway (and then on to London), runs through the north of Warwickshire; it serves Rugby, Nuneaton and Bedworth on its way to Birmingham.
 * The M69 Coventry to Leicester motorway serves Nuneaton.
 * Other motorways pass briefly through Warwickshire including the M45 (a short spur south of Rugby connecting to the M1), the southern end of the M6 Toll and the M42; it passes through the county at several points.

Other major trunk routes in Warwickshire include:
 * A45 takes a route through Birmingham, Coventry and Rugby, then east into Northamptonshire
 * A46 connects the M40 to the M6 via Warwick, Kenilworth and Coventry
 * A452 Leamington to Birmingham route
 * A5 passes through Atherstone and then east of Nuneaton, and then east of Rugby, it marks the county boundary with Leicestershire.
 * A444 goes through Nuneaton and Bedworth.

Main line routes
Two main railway lines pass through Warwickshire:

 * The Chiltern Main Line takes the former Great Western Railway route from London Paddington to Birmingham Snow Hill. It passes through the centre of Warwickshire on a route similar to the M40 motorway and has stations at Leamington Spa, Warwick, Warwick Parkway, Hatton and Lapworth. Services are provided by Chiltern Railways and West Midlands Trains (Birmingham to Leamington only). There are also two branches off the Chiltern line: the Leamington to Coventry and Leamington-Stratford lines.

 * The West Coast Main Line (WCML) runs through Warwickshire. At Rugby, the WCML splits into two parts: one runs west through to Coventry and Birmingham, and the other the Trent Valley Line runs north-west towards Stafford, North West England and Scotland. This section has stations at Nuneaton, Atherstone and Polesworth (northbound services only). There is one branch off the WCML from Nuneaton to Coventry, with there are stations at Bermuda Park, Bedworth and Coventry Arena.

Other lines
Other railway lines in Warwickshire include:

 * Birmingham-Nuneaton section of the Birmingham to Peterborough Line, which continues east of Nuneaton towards Leicester and Peterborough. Nuneaton has direct services to Birmingham and Leicester on this line; there are two intermediate stations at Water Orton and Coleshill in the extreme north-west of the county.

 * North Warwickshire Line from Birmingham to Stratford-upon-Avon. This line used to continue southwards to Cheltenham, but is now a dead-end branch. There is an intermediate station on this line at Henley-in-Arden and at several small villages. Stratford also has direct rail services to London via the branch line to Warwick.

Between 1965 and 2018, the only major town in Warwickshire without a station was Kenilworth. The Leamington to Coventry line passes through the town, but the station was closed as part of the Beeching cuts. Kenilworth railway station was rebuilt and opened in April 2018, with an hourly service to Coventry and to Leamington provided by West Midlands Trains.

High Speed 2

The new High Speed 2 (HS2) line is a long-distance route that is being constructed through Warwickshire; however, there will be no stations in the county. It will pass south of Southam, then between Kenilworth and Coventry, before running into the West Midlands towards Birmingham.

Air
Coventry Airport is located in the Warwickshire village of Baginton.

Canals and waterways

Canals and navigable waterways in Warwickshire include:
 * The Coventry Canal, which runs through the north of the county from Coventry through Bedworth, Nuneaton, Atherstone and Polesworth, and then onwards to Tamworth.
 * The Ashby-de-la-Zouch Canal passes briefly through Warwickshire from a junction with the Coventry Canal at Bedworth.
 * The Oxford Canal runs from near Coventry, then eastwards around Rugby and through the rural south of the county towards Oxford.
 * The Grand Union Canal runs through Leamington and Warwick, then onwards to Birmingham.
 * The restored Saltisford Canal Arm is close to the centre of Warwick and is now a short branch of the Grand Union Canal. The arm is the remains of the original terminus of the Warwick and Birmingham Canal; it dates back to 1799.
 * The Stratford-upon-Avon Canal runs from the Grand Union west of Warwick to Stratford, where it joins the Avon.
 * The River Avon runs through Warwickshire on a south-west to north-east axis, running through Stratford, Warwick and Rugby. It is navigable for 47 mi from the River Severn at Tewkesbury to Alveston weir just east of Stratford-upon-Avon, making it the only navigable river in Warwickshire. There have been proposals to extend the Avon navigation 13 mi to Warwick. However, as of 2019, these plans look unlikely to proceed.

Television
The county is covered by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central from its studios in Birmingham. Television signals are received from either the Lark Stoke or Sutton Coldfield TV transmitters.

Radio
BBC Local Radio for the county is served by BBC CWR which broadcast from its studios in Coventry. However, the North Warwickshire area is served by BBC Radio WM. County-wide commercial radio stations are Capital Mid-Counties, Free Radio Coventry & Warwickshire, Fresh (Coventry & Warwickshire), Heart West Midlands and Greatest Hits Radio Midlands.

Cycling
Warwickshire's rural roads, canal towpaths and historic towns are increasingly popular with cycling enthusiasts. Its reputation as a major cycling destination has been bolstered in recent years having hosted a stage of the Women's Tour since 2016 and the Men's Tour of Britain in 2018 and 2019.

In 2022, St Nicholas Park in Warwick hosted the Elite Men's and Women's Road Race as part of the Commonwealth Games that took place in Birmingham.

Association football
Warwickshire has no Football League clubs. As of the 2022–23 season, the highest-placed team is Leamington, who play in the National League North, the sixth tier of English football. A level below, in the Southern Football League Premier Division Central, are Nuneaton Borough and Stratford Town. Other clubs include Rugby Town, Bedworth United, Southam United, Racing Club Warwick, Coleshill Town, Atherstone Town and Nuneaton Griff; all of these are affiliated to the Birmingham FA.

Aston Villa, an English Premier League team, and Football League clubs Birmingham City and Coventry City are located within the historic boundaries of Warwickshire; National League club Solihull Moors and Southern League Division One Central club Sutton Coldfield Town are also sited in this area.

Parkrun
There are six Saturday morning 5km parkruns in Warwickshire for all ages and abilities: Leamington, Stratford upon Avon, Rugby, Bedworth, Southam and Kingsbury. There are also three Sunday 2km junior events at Stratford upon Avon, Rugby and Warwick.

Cricket
Warwickshire County Cricket Club play at Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Birmingham, which was historically part of Warwickshire. Notable English players for the side have been Eric Hollies, M.J.K. Smith, Bob Willis, Dennis Amiss, Jonathan Trott, Ian Bell, Moeen Ali and Chris Woakes. Overseas players have included Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Brian Lara, Allan Donald and Shaun Pollock. In 2014, the club partly severed its links to the county by renaming its Twenty20 side the Birmingham Bears, much to the chagrin of many supporters.

Other grounds in modern-day Warwickshire which have hosted first-class cricket matches are:
 * Griff and Coton Ground, Nuneaton – 26 matches (most recently 1980)
 * Arlington Avenue, Leamington Spa – 4 matches (most recently 1910)
 * Swan's Nest Lane, Stratford-upon-Avon – 3 matches (most recently 2005)
 * Weddington Road, Nuneaton – 3 matches (most recently 1914)

Gaelic sports
The Warwickshire County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (or Warwickshire GAA) is one of the county boards outside Ireland and is responsible for Gaelic games in Warwickshire. The county board is also responsible for the Warwickshire inter-county teams. They play their home games at Páirc na hÉireann.

Polo
The Dallas Burston Polo Club is a six-pitch polo club located near Southam.

Water polo
Warwick Water Polo club play in the Midland League, and train in Warwick, Banbury and Coventry.

Freedom of the county
In March 2014 the freedom of the county was bestowed on the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. The honour was officially bestowed following a parade through Warwick on 6 June 2014.

People
Warwickshire was the birthplace of William Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon. Road signs at the county boundary describe Warwickshire as "Shakespeare's County". The county has produced figures such as Aleister Crowley (from Royal Leamington Spa), George Eliot and Ken Loach (from Nuneaton), Rupert Brooke (from Rugby), and Michael Drayton (from Hartshill). The poet Philip Larkin lived in Warwick (born in nearby Coventry). Folk musician Nick Drake lived and died in Tanworth-in-Arden. Frank Whittle the inventor of the jet engine was born in Coventry and was closely associated with Warwickshire, growing up in Leamington Spa, and carrying out much of his work at Rugby.

title: Warwickshire


text:
Talk:Barney Frank

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Barney Frank. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/11/barney-frank-to.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111219095920/http://www.seanbielat.org/news/2010-09-22/poll-support-barney-frank-drops-below-50-bielat-within-10 to http://www.seanbielat.org/news/2010-09-22/poll-support-barney-frank-drops-below-50-bielat-within-10
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120228232737/http://www.nhtf.org/template/page.cfm?id=40 to http://www.nhtf.org/template/page.cfm?id=40
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110726065359/http://www.fresnocountybar.org/files/Ikeda-Japanese_Internment-Redress.doc to http://www.fresnocountybar.org/files/Ikeda-Japanese_Internment-Redress.doc
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000448/http://www.out4immigration.org/immigration/page.html?&mimid=N3DE98KBUMQ39M4WNKSS16LKM7MD3C0A&cid=1136 to http://www.out4immigration.org/immigration/page.html?&mimid=N3DE98KBUMQ39M4WNKSS16LKM7MD3C0A&cid=1136

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:19, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

request to edit;
Under "external links / articles" an article is listed with an inflammatory description rather than the actual title of the article. The actual article title is: "Guest post on ENDA from Congressman Barney Frank"

it is titled in the article by an editor as "Congressman Frank defends trans-exclusive Employment Non-Discrimination Act". If a description of the article is more appropriate than the actual title of the article, then something like "Congressman Frank explains his position on ENDA".

I'd also note that this is a very minor part of Congressman Frank's long record on a very wide range of national and state issues, and this Wikipedia article should reflect a broader range of his positions and achievements in the articles section. In fact most of the articles are generally biographical in scope, and this is the only topic specific article. I'd add more (eg financial) if I could edit. 209.237.80.218 (talk) 17:46, 20 August 2018 (UTC)JennyC 8/20/18

Please delete a certain sentence in the introduction.
At the end of the introduction to this article about Barney Frank, there is a sentence that claims Frank served a term in the Massachusetts Senate from 1979 to 1981. That statement is inconsistent with other info found throughout the article and it is incorrect. Frank never served any terms in the state Senate; he was elected to four terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving in that body from 1973 to 1981, before he then got elected to Congress. I suggest that the entire sentence be deleted. Vincent Labine (talk) 22:29, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ Removed Senate statement and reworded his Massachusetts House of Representatives service and added citations to the rosters --P37307 (talk) 06:37, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

The censorship in this country is horrific. People don't want to know the truth. They would rather believe lies. Someday, the truth WILL come out. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cybil T. (talk • contribs) 03:02, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

Facts
Barney Franks was a law abiding citizen who had "relations" only with adult men, not with underage boys during the late 1970s to early 1980s. No need to fact check this. It has already been confirmed by multiple sources. He never committed sex crimes against children. Cybil T. (talk) 03:11, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

 * @Cybil T., do you have an issue with the page that needs changed. Wikipedia is not a forum. P37307 (talk) 03:56, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

Matthews Hall, Kirkland House, Winthrop House
Why is it important to know and mention which residence halls/ houses Frank inhabited while at Harvard? Toddcs (talk) 03:34, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

The name by which he's universally known
This man is known in virtually all circumstances as "Barney" Frank, yet there's no indication of it in the article and it can only be found (seemingly incongruously) in the Infobox. I would suggest inserting, within the parentheses after his birthdate, "commonly known as Barney Frank" (the nickname and last name emboldened). Could there be any objection to this? 05:58, 4 March 2024 (UTC) Rontrigger (talk) 05:58, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barney Frank


text:
Telluric current

A telluric current, or Earth current, is an electric current that flows underground or through the sea, resulting from natural and human-induced causes. These currents have extremely low frequency and traverse large areas near or at Earth's surface. Earth's crust and mantle are host to telluric currents, with around 32 mechanisms generating them, primarily geomagnetically induced currents caused by changes in Earth's magnetic field due to solar wind interactions with the magnetosphere or solar radiation's effects on the ionosphere. These currents exhibit diurnal patterns, flowing towards the Sun during the day and towards the geomagnetic poles at night.

Both telluric and magnetotelluric methods exploit these currents for subsurface exploration, aiding in activities like geothermal and mineral exploration, petroleum prospecting, fault zone mapping, groundwater assessment, and the study of tectonic plate boundaries. The phenomenon has also captured the imagination of authors, finding its way into fiction. In Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum, the search for a mystic center of the Earth connects to telluric currents, while Thomas Pynchon's Mason & Dixon incorporates them as enigmatic communication conduits alongside Hollow Earth theories. These fictional representations mirror the scientific intrigue and creative potential linked with telluric currents.

Description
Telluric currents are phenomena observed in the Earth's crust and mantle. In September 1862, an experiment to specifically address Earth currents was carried out in the Munich Alps (Lamont, 1862). Including minor processes, there are at least 32 different mechanisms which cause telluric currents. The strongest are primarily geomagnetically induced currents, which are induced by changes in the outer part of the Earth's magnetic field, which are usually caused by interactions between the solar wind and the magnetosphere or solar radiation effects on the ionosphere. Telluric currents flow in the surface layers of the Earth. The electric potential on the Earth's surface can be measured at different points, enabling the calculation of the magnitudes and directions of the telluric currents and hence the Earth's conductance. These currents are known to have diurnal characteristics wherein the general direction of flow is towards the Sun. Telluric currents continuously move between the sunlit and shadowed sides of the Earth, toward the equator on the side of the Earth facing the Sun (that is, during the day), and toward the poles on the night side of the planet.

Both telluric and magnetotelluric methods are used for exploring the structure beneath the Earth's surface (such as in industrial prospecting). For mineral exploration the targets are any subsurface structures with a distinguishable resistance in comparison to its surroundings. Uses include geothermal exploration, mining exploration, petroleum exploration, mapping of fault zones, ground water exploration and monitoring, investigation of magma chambers, and investigation of boundaries of tectonic plates. Earth batteries tap a useful low voltage current from telluric currents and were used for telegraph systems as far back as the 1840s.

In industrial prospecting activity that uses the telluric current method, electrodes are properly located on the ground to sense the voltage difference between locations caused by the oscillatory telluric currents. It is recognized that a low frequency window (LFW) exists when telluric currents pass through the Earth's substrata. In the frequencies of the LFW, the Earth acts as a conductor.

In fiction
The main plot of the 1988 novel Foucault's Pendulum by Umberto Eco revolves around conspiracy theorists who believe that they are searching for the Umbilicus Mundi (Latin for "The Navel of the World"), the mystic "Center of The Earth" which is supposed to be a certain point from where a person could control the energies and shapes of the Earth, thus reforming it at will. The novel takes this even further by suggesting that (in the view of the conspiratorialists) monuments like the Eiffel Tower are nothing more than giant antennas related to these energies.

Telluric currents, along what are effectively ley lines, are discovered to be a means of mysterious communication in Thomas Pynchon's 1997 novel Mason & Dixon and are associated with the book's Chinese-Jesuit subplot. As with Eco, cited above, Pynchon also reflects upon Hollow Earth theories in this work.

title: Telluric current


text:
User talk:Cathie Tranent

Hey there! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place--I sure do--and want to stay. If you need help on how to title new articles check out Naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and The FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check The Village pump or The Reference Desk! Happy wiki-ing! Alexandros

Hi Cathie, welcome to Wikipedia. I am wondering whether you have permission to take articles from the Australian Idol website. If not, it may well be a copyright violation. Also, please note that our policy is to be, insofar as possible, NPOV. We cannot begin an article by saying that someone is a singing goddess, since that is opinion and not verifiable fact. You might want to edit this before someone else does. Thanks, Danny 16:26, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

You cannot copy content from other websites unless you actually wrote the material on the website yourself. See Copyrights. Copyrighted material where the copyright does not belong to you will be removed, I'm afraid. Thanks Dysprosia 22:11, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cathie Tranent


text:
User talk:Chucker

Hello new user and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date
 * Ask questions on Village pump
 * Have fun.

-- Alexandros 16:26, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I suppose I'll just leave those hints in just for reference :-)

Anárion
Shorah, fellow traveler ^.^ Are you perchance a regular on one of the Myst fora? Anárion 12:50, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * !shorah :-)
 * Why, yes, I founded MYSTcommunity back in late 2000 and still administrate it, although I delegated most of the work to others. I also do the hosting of various other sites, such as the D'ni Linguistic Fellowship, D'ni Explorer Guild and the Verenia fan-game project, and I used to contribute to MYSTerium.ch a lot (and still do so by hosting their large files to help bandwidth). I'll stop bragging now ;-) I'm not as involved as I used to be, for lack of time, but my IM contact list is still 90% Myst people, and I've even got to know my girlfriend from that. -- Chucker 13:17, 2004 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * So, uh, how 'bout you? Nickname doesn't seem to ring a bell. Quite a few nice contributions there, though. :-) -- Chucker 15:48, 2004 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * Oh, I’m new to the Myst community on the ’net — currently only post at the Guild of Greeters. But I read the other fora (and wam well used to MYSTerium.ch). Anárion 17:17, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Nick04: Linking book (Myst) fails to mention fictionality
Hi! I was reading through your new (and interesting) article Linking book (Myst) - it's standard convention on Wikipedia to state an article is based on fictional circumstances at the start. This helps avoid obvious confusion when people believe a fictional article to be fact - although you did mention the characters were "featured in the computer game", nothing was said about the characters themselves being fictional (after all, non-fictional characters are also featured in computer games). Just thought I'd let you know (after all, I quite enjoyed Myst, it being the first game I ever played on a CD-ROM) :) I've amended your article as such, and added the Myst franchise box. Nick04 13:43, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi, and thanks for your review. You're right, it should certainly be made clear that, as being part of the Myst franchise fiction, linking books of course do not exist in the "real" world (neither do the D'ni in general). Also, I can't believe I forgot adding the Myst franchise box template, considering I'm the one who created it in the first place :-) Thanks again. -- Chucker 14:16, 2004 Jun 14 (UTC)

Keta
Thanks for the note. I completed the sentence now. I believe Kate is Richard's wife but am not certain, so I left it ambigiously. Anárion 10:41, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Ages
I propose a change in how we do the articles on the D'ni ages, please see Talk:D%27ni_ages. Cheers Anárion 09:10, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Copyright violations
Not sure if you've noticed yet, but Lovanion's contributions are all flagged as copyvios. I have begun rewrites of articles, but will not rewrite all (many are not needed in any case I believe). Hope your watchlist hasn't exploded... 09:25, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * "Hope your watchlist hasn't exploded"
 * It has. IANAL, but DPWR is a fan site of a sorta-friend of mine, and if I'm not very mistaken, DPWR does not claim copyright for these texts. Whether this was legal or not, though, I would have preferred if we were to have our own texts online here. I wasn't aware much of the content was just copied over (none of my contributions have copyright issues). -- Chucker 12:36, 2004 Sep 2 (UTC)
 * It has. IANAL, but DPWR is a fan site of a sorta-friend of mine, and if I'm not very mistaken, DPWR does not claim copyright for these texts. Whether this was legal or not, though, I would have preferred if we were to have our own texts online here. I wasn't aware much of the content was just copied over (none of my contributions have copyright issues). -- Chucker 12:36, 2004 Sep 2 (UTC)

 * The problem is that it must not only be free for use, but also available under the GPL. The first I think is secure, but the second probably not. It has given me an excuse to do some long-needed rewrites though. [[Image:Anarion.png]] 12:44, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

All copy vios have now been found, and my rewrites should be ended now. Can you think of any good "merge" articles for Aitrus’ parents? 19:42, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Many articles still need work, though. Especially the character pages. [[Image:Anarion.png]] 19:43, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm kinda busy with other stuff right now but I'll try and get back to Wikipedia work in the next few days. -- Chucker 01:02, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:J'nanin_Age.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the imagesand I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 01:25, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Image:Ae'gura Age.jpg needs a tag also. Also, from the looks of things, might be appropriate. --Ricky81682 (talk) 22:50, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi Ricky, sorry about that and thanks for the heads-up. I'm kinda busy lately but I'll try and fix those. I've made a general information page at User:Chucker/Myst Copyright; I could turn a summary of that into a template and put it underneath all the screenshots and box covers related to the Myst franchise - does that sound good? :-)

 * A happy 2005 to you, -- Chucker 19:54, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)

 * Happy 2005 to you, and a template sounds fine to me. It seems like Lovanion has some images related to Myst too.  Is this just two random people working on the same stuff?  =) Would the copyright apply to some of the images he has uploaded?  Anyways, thanks for uploading them, as these images really help fill out some of the pages regarding Myst. --Ricky81682 (talk) 00:12, Jan 2, 2005 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Wikipedians/Germany is being replaced by a category
Hello! You were listed on the Wikipedians/Germany page as living in or being associated with Germany. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, or one of the Bundesland-based subcategories, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Germany for instructions. --Angr ( tɔk ) 14:51, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:Rand Miller.jpg
Hello Chucker, an automated process has found an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, such as fair use. The image (Image:Rand Miller.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Chucker/Workspace. This image or media will be removed per statement number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. The image that was replaced will not be automatically deleted, but it could be deleted at a later date. Articles using the same image should not be affected by my edits. I ask you to please not readd the image to your userpage and could consider finding a replacement image licensed under either the Creative Commons or GFDL license or released to the public domain. Thanks for your attention and cooperation. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 06:20, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Rand Miller.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Rand Miller.jpg. I noticed the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that fair use images which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 7 days after this notification, per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. — Carl (CBM · talk) 15:43, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Yeesha
Yeesha, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Yeesha satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Yeesha and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Yeesha during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Ridernyc 15:58, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of D'ni Ages
D'ni Ages, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that D'ni Ages satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/D'ni Ages and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of D'ni Ages during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Ridernyc 16:01, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Ages of Riven
Ages of Riven, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Ages of Riven satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Ages of Riven and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Ages of Riven during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Ridernyc 16:02, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of D'ni Restoration Council
D'ni Restoration Council, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that D'ni Restoration Council satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/D'ni Restoration Council and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of D'ni Restoration Council during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Ridernyc 16:03, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:K'veer Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:K'veer Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:42, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Tomahna Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Tomahna Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:43, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Tay Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Tay Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:49, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Riven Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Riven Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:57, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Ae'gura Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ae'gura Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 15:14, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Age 233.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Age 233.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 15:21, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Channelwood Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Channelwood Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 03:34, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Selenitic Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Selenitic Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 03:35, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Rime Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Rime Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 14:47, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Stoneship Age.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Stoneship Age.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 15:07, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Narayan Age.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Narayan Age.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 14:36, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Uru Box.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Uru Box.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  « ₣ull Metal ₣alcon »  19:35, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:RealMyst Box.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:RealMyst Box.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  « ₣ull Metal ₣alcon »  19:40, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Riven Box.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Riven Box.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  « ₣ull Metal ₣alcon »  19:40, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Voltaic Age.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Voltaic Age.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 03:25, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:RealMyst Box.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:RealMyst Box.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 05:18, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Amateria Age.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Amateria Age.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's escription page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --10:06, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:RealMyst Box.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:RealMyst Box.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 12:02, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: Image:J'nanin Age.jpg
Image:J'nanin Age.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:Image:Jnanin Age.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all MediaWiki wiki's. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 10:41, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Atrus heritage (Myst)
Template:Atrus heritage (Myst) has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. Judgesurreal777 (talk) 22:22, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Narayan Age.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Narayan Age.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 07:07, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

File:Voltaic Age.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Voltaic Age.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. SchuminWeb (Talk) 19:41, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

File:Narayan Age.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Narayan Age.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. SchuminWeb (Talk) 19:47, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Richard A. Watson

The article Richard A. Watson has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No indication of notability, no sources.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Qwyrxian (talk) 13:31, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chucker