text:
Lady May Abel Smith

Lady May Helen Emma Abel Smith (formerly Lady May Cambridge, Princess May of Teck; 23 January 1906 – 29 May 1994) was a member of the British royal family. On her mother's side she was a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and on her father's side she was a great-great-granddaughter of King George III (grandfather of Queen Victoria) and the niece of Queen Mary (née Princess Mary of Teck). She led a private life in Britain. From 1958 until 1966, she lived in Brisbane, while her husband, Sir Henry Abel Smith, served as the governor of Queensland.

Early life
She was born as Her Serene Highness Princess May Helen Emma of Teck at Claremont House, near Esher in Surrey, England. Her parents were Prince Alexander of Teck, great-grandson of King George III, and the former Princess Alice of Albany, granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She was named May after her paternal aunt Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (later Queen Mary) who was married to King George V, Helen after her maternal grandmother Princess Helena, Duchess of Albany and Emma after her maternal great-aunt Queen Emma of the Netherlands. During the First World War, anti-German feeling led her family to abandon their German titles. Princess May of Teck thus became known as Lady May Cambridge, after her father assumed the last name Cambridge and was granted the Earldom of Athlone.

Lady May served as a bridesmaid in 1919 to Princess Patricia of Connaught; in 1922 to her first cousin Princess Mary; and in 1923 to Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon on her marriage to Mary's brother the Duke of York (later King George VI).

Marriage
On 24 October 1931 in St Mary's Church, Balcombe, Sussex, the parish church of the Athlone residence of Brantridge Park, Lady May married Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith, then a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards serving as aide-de-camp (ADC) to Lady May's father the Earl of Athlone. He was the eldest son of Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Abel Smith (1861–1908) of Wilford House, Nottinghamshire, of Coleorton Hall, Leicestershire, and of Selsdon Park, a member of the prominent Smith family of bankers. One of Lady May's bridesmaids was the 5-year-old Princess Elizabeth of York, the future Queen Elizabeth II, her first cousin-once-removed. Another of the bridesmaids, Princess Ingrid of Sweden, introduced her brother, Prince Gustaf Adolf to his future wife, Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who was also a bridesmaid.

In 1958 Sir Henry Abel Smith was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as Governor of Queensland in Australia and served in that office until 1966. The marriage of Sir Henry and Lady May was long-lived and the couple celebrated their 61st wedding anniversary a few months before Sir Henry's death in January 1993. They had three children:
 * Anne Mary Sibylla Abel Smith (born 28 July 1932), who married David Liddell-Grainger of Ayton Castle, Scottish Borders on 14 December 1957 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. Amongst the bridesmaids were Princesses Beatrix and Irene of the Netherlands and Princess Christina of Sweden. They were the parents of four sons (including Conservative MP Ian Liddell-Grainger) and one daughter, before divorcing in 1981.
 * Colonel Richard Francis Abel Smith (11 October 1933 – 23 December 2004)
 * Elizabeth Alice Abel Smith (born 5 September 1936), who married Peter Ronald Wise (1929–2021) in 1965. They divorced in 1975, after having had one daughter who died in infancy.

Later life
Lady May, being only a distant relative of the royal family, did not carry out any royal duties. She attended some major royal events such as the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II and the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer. Between 1958 and 1966, Sir Henry Abel Smith served as the governor of Queensland. Lady May accompanied him to Brisbane as vice-regal consort. They retired in 1975 to Barton Lodge at Winkfield in Berkshire, England.

Lady May died in hospital one year after her husband. They are both buried at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, not far from Windsor Castle. Her funeral was held at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, on 9 June 1994. It was attended by the Duke of Gloucester and Princess Alexandra, representing the royal family.

title: Lady May Abel Smith


text:
TEU

TEU may refer to:

 * Tertiary Education Union, an education trade union in New Zealand
 * Manapouri Aerodrome, New Zealand (IATA code: TEU)
 * Treaty on European Union, formal name of the Maastricht Treaty (1992), one of the primary treaties of the EU
 * Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit, a measure used for capacity in container transportation
 * Mount Teu, highest point on Merelava, an island in Vanuatu in the South Pacific
 * Soo language of Uganda (ISO 639-3 code: teu)
 * Theux, Wallonia, Belgium, a municipality (Walloon name: Teu)
 * Chú Tễu, a puppet in Vietnamese water puppetry

People

 * Gregory Teu (1951–2021), Tanzanian politician
 * Teu Ó hAilpín, Irish Gaelic footballer and Australian rules player
 * Teu Fakava, Tongan footballer; see List of Tonga international footballers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: TEU


text:
User talk:Millis

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hello Millis, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Noldoaran 18:22, Nov 20, 2003 (UTC)

Hi there, welcome to Wikipedia! Our policy is to delete articles which contain only external links, so I've removed your recent contribution User Mode Linux from the article namespace. It's preserved at User:Millis/User Mode Linux; when the article has been fleshed out (at least to stub status), please move it back. Cheers, Cyan 22:04, 20 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Wikiproject Law Enforcement
Since you are a police officer, I hope you don't mind me leaving a polite invitation to join and work with the Law Enforcement Wikiproject. Many thanks --SGGH 15:04, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Just a thought
Hi Millis. Just a thought, but as a police officer, wouldn't it be more appropriate to use the professional first aider userbox rather than lay first aider? I assume first aid training would be a requirement for your job, and this is exactly what the professional box is for. If so, the code is | user professional first aider | in. Lima Golf 17:53, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Law Enforcement Barnstar Proposal Poll
 Hello there ,

We here at Wikiproject Law Enforcement are currently in the process of deciding wither or not to make this WikiProject Law Enforcement's official Barnstar award. Being that you are a member of Wikiproject Law Enforcement, we are humbly asking you to voice your opinion here about our new Barnstar.

Thank You and All the Best, Mifter (talk) 20:31, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

--Mifter (talk) 20:31, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Kimbolton Kart Club for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article Kimbolton Kart Club, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kimbolton Kart Club until a consensus is reached, and you are welcome to contribute to the discussion.

You may edit the article during the discussion, including to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Student7 (talk) 00:00, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

Wiltshire Police hubs
Millis, perhaps you can help with the Wiltshire Police page. An edit has been made claiming that Chippenham is not a hub, but a 'sub station' (?!) in the 'Melksham Sector'?! Since 2007?! I know this is wrong, surely? --aliw136 16:33, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

only taken me 3.5 years, but finally put a few updates there. --Millis (talk) 13:51, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Photo request for Wikipedia: UK Space Agency HQ
Hi! Do you take photographs for Wikipedia? If so, I found that the UK Space Agency headquarters are here: Is Swindon convenient to your location? Are you interested in taking a photograph of the building so it can be used in the Wikipedia article?
 * Polaris House North Star Avenue Swindon Wiltshire SN2 1SZ (Directions here)

Thank you WhisperToMe (talk) 04:51, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

I'm not there often, but if I get a chance I will see what I can do. --Millis (talk) 13:50, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for April 22
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Wiltshire Police, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Mere. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 10:49, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of FREESCO

The article FREESCO has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
 * Fails WP:GNG and guidelines at WP:NSOFT due to lack of available reliable sources.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. —  Quasar  G.  09:18, 1 June 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Millis


text:
Talk:Comics Code Authority

Clarification?
In 2001, Marvel Comics withdrew from the CCA in favor of their own ratings system which was yet another step in the organization's decline into irrelevance.

Er, Marvel's or the CCA's? I assume the latter, but it's not entirely clear. --Charles A. L. 18:24, Nov 20, 2003 (UTC)

Hayes Code reference?
I wonder if someone should add a mention or "see also" link to the (Hayes) Production Code that controlled the content of motion pictures from 1934-1967. It had many of the same themes: no drugs, no sex, villains must always be defeated, etc.

I hesitate to do this myself, have no experience with wikipedia aside from that as a reader.

- Nolan W., 2004-08-11

Banning of innocent words for fear of ink run
I remember reading that the words "FLICK" and "CLINT" were not used in comics as there was a high chance in strip text that the L and I would merge thus forming a naughty word in each case. I don't recall if this was an enforced regualtion or just something marvel and other groups had as internal policies. Does anyone know?
 * This must have been a problem for Clint Barton... -leigh (φθόγγος) 09:15, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

Incidently what is the code the prescribes that all US telephone numbers in TV/film/comis should have the ficticious area code 555? Dainamo 08:08, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I bet there is probably an article referencing this somewhere, but I believe the 555 phone number was mandated, possibly by government, in the 1970s because of people being harassed when their phone numbers were used in a TV show or movie. Incidentally, it isn't a 555 area code, but rather a 555 exchange, as in 555-1234. The only real-life use of the 555 exchange that I know if is for directory assistance. 23skidoo 18:29, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC) P.S. I was right - see North American Numbering Plan for more information about 555.

Where were their offices?
Questions: So where did and does the code reside? Had to take up physical space somewhere. Anyone notable in their offices? What sort of person got the job of having to read unchosen comics ad nauseum? -AC 10/15/04

They are supposedly a part of the Comics Magazine Association of America, but I can't find an "official" site for either of them. It's good to see they're in decline, but I'd at least want the chance to contact some of their members to ask what they have to say for themselves. McCarthy was dead before he had to see the consequences of his self-righteousness, but they should have the decency not to hide and fade away after the damage they've done. -SJD 12/01/04

Logo?
Can we get a copy of the CCA logo to put here? Is that fair use? DS 18:57, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The Code
I wonder if we can actually quote the code and it's revs on this page. The given likes are on a Geocities page that allows the host so many hits. --Discordian 20:28, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps the best solution would be to create a seperate Comic Books Code (it currently redirects to the CCA page) with the full text. It's probably too long to add to this page, but worth including in the Wikipedia. Koweja 03:25, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Speculation
RE: William Gaines, head of EC Comics — whose best selling titles included Crime SuspenStories, The Vault of Horror and The Crypt of Terror — complained about clauses prohibiting titles with the words "Terror", "Horror", or "Crime", as well as the clause banning vampires, werewolves, and zombies.  Indeed, these restrictions quickly made EC unprofitable,... Two issues. First, accuracy: DC did not have many, if any, titles with "Terror", etc. in the titles, nor much, if any, in the way of vampires, werewolves, etc. It was EC that had a plethora of such titles and characters.

Second: "all seemed targeted to put DC [or even EC] out of business" is speculation, as per the phrase "seemed targeted". This really needs a source & citation; for example only: "Max Gaines told the subcommittee he believed Wertham's book was designed to drive EC out of business," or "Gerard Jones in his book Men of Tomorrow contends that Wertham's book..." — Tenebrae 16:26, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * For a longer discussion of this, with a few source quotations, see my entry here:

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Seduction_of_the_Innocent#Voluntary_establishment_of_Comics_Code.3F
 * --AC 18:49, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, the Wikipedia guidelines don't allow us to use other Wiki articles as cites, but to include those other articles' citations in the article in question. Overall, I think this article could use more specific cites.--Tenebrae 16:09, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * That URL was not meant as a citation, rather it was in answer to your well-meaning assertion that certain text was speculative.  Why burden two discussion threads quoting the same passages from Frank Jacobs' book about Gaines?  'Talk:' threads aside, you're right about the value of more citations in the article.

 * First however, I should learn enough citation syntax to add one. Citation pending...  --AC 06:58, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Cool!--Tenebrae 23:41, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

OK, the Gaines cites are in, but please check the formatting, I don't yet grasp how Magazine cite formats work. Here's a quote from Comics Journal #81, (cited), if anyone's interested:

GAINES: ...After the Senate Subcommittee hearings, and this isn't very well known, but I can prove it again, I sent a letter to every comics publisher, invited them to a meeting and footed the bill for the hall. We took a big place somewhere, and all these people showed up and I tried to convince them that we should form an association and hire the Gleuks of Harvard or anybody else we could find who could do some sort of independent, honest research into whether comic books in truth were the horrendous things that people said they were. And since I really didn't think they were, I figured, such a study would exonerate us. None of these guys wanted to do that, and right away the whole thing was taken away from me, and they turned it into a situation where they wrote a Code, and the Code forbade the use of the words horror, terror, or crime -- this was all my books -- and weird, even weird, [laughter], so that would wipe me out. --AC 06:25, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

"References" vs. "External links"
Hi, all. The reason I've changed "External links" to "References" comes from these sections of Cite_sources, quoted verbatim below. (Please note in Item 2 below that the italics are theirs, and not inserted by me.) Thanks!

1)
 * Complete citations in a "References" section

 * Complete citations, also called "references," are collected at the end of the article under a ==References== heading. Under this heading, list the comprehensive reference information as a bulleted (*) list, one bullet per reference work.

2)
 * External links/Further reading

 * The ==External links== or ==Further reading== section is placed after the references section, and offers books, articles, and links to websites related to the topic that might be of interest to the reader, but which have not been used as sources for the article. Where there is a references section, editors may prefer to call the external links section "further reading," because the references section may also contain external links, and the further reading section may contain items that are not online.

So sources used to write an article go under "References", and other helpful citations go under "External links" if they're linkable and "Further reading" if they're not online. — Tenebrae 15:58, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Tobacco and knives too?
I was under the impression that those things weren't as taboo back then as they are now.

1954 Code highlights quote style
While reading the 1954 Code highlights the word werewolfism sorta jumped out at me. "Sounds like a political party for candidate Larry Talbot -- which Wikipedia editor coined that neologism?", I sneered, having assumed one of us wanted an ad hoc English synonym for lycanthropy. Mistakenly assumed: it turns out werewolfism is actually in the 1954 Code.

The current style of formatting for those highlights leaves it visually uncertain whether that text is an editors summary, (with recent paraphrasing and condensing), or actual quotations. The bullet listing format omits the section headings and numbering of the original text, which might add context if included. Either the 1954 text should be put in quotation marks, or formatted to better distinguish it from the article text proper. Is there a standard better way of formatting such quotes? --AC 06:52, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that it would be very helpful to clarify that the text is actually excerpted from the code, in such a way that it is also clear that what is presented is a selection rather than the entired text of the code. Whatever formatting is done should probably also be applied to the Production Code article, which presents a very similar case. The articles for Magna Carta and the Ten Commandments suggest some formatting approaches. -- Shunpiker 12:26, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Good hints, I added the Magna Carta style formatting as per your advice. The pink background seems a bit upbeat though -- perhaps a more neutral background color would be apropriate?  --AC (talk) 06:32, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Comics with "Terror" in title circa 1954
Lawrence Watt-Evans writes:

And when people suggest that the Comics Code was written specifically to kill E.C. by banning the words horror, terror, crime, and weird from comic-book titles, I sometimes wonder whether they're really thinking about what they're saying. E.C. didn't have a comic book with terror in the title in 1954; Crypt of Terror had been changed to Tales from the Crypt back in '50.

But Harvey was still publishing Tomb of Terror. The Code was aimed at Harvey and others as well as E.C.

The current article reads ( mostly my own text ):

Publisher William Gaines believed[1][2] that clauses forbidding the words "crime", "horror" and "terror" in comic book titles had been deliberately aimed at his own best-selling titles Crime SuspenStories, The Vault of Horror and The Crypt of Terror.

So if LWE is correct, then the article is wrong about 'Crypt of Terror'.

I looked up on GCD comics up to 1955 with "Terror" in the title:

Title                 Series Issues  Publisher      Published Black Terror, The     1942    27     Better

Adventures Into Terror 1950    2     Marvel         November 1950 -                                                    February 1950 Crypt of Terror, The  1950     3     EC

Adventures Into Terror 1951   29     Marvel         April 1951 - May 1954

Blue Bolt Weird Tales 1951     9     Star           November of Terror                            Publications   1951 - [1949-1954]   May-June 1953 Tales of Terror Annual 1951    3     EC             1951 - 1953 Strange Terrors       1952     7     St. John       June 1952 - March 1953 Terrors of the Jungle 1952     5     Star Publications [1949-1954] Weird Terror          1952    13     Comic Media

Startling Terror Tales 1952    6     Star           May 1952 - Publications  February [1949-1954]   1953 Tomb of Terror         1952    16     Harvey

Beware! Terror Tales  1952     8     Fawcett

Tales of Terror       1953     1     Toby

Terrors of the Jungle 1953     7     Star Publications [1949-1954] Startling Terror Tales 1953    8     Star           April 1953 Publications  - 1954 [1949-1954] House of Terror, The  1953     1     St. John

Terror Illustrated    1955     2     EC

Clearly there were several relatively long-running series that fit the bill. The longest being Marvel's Adventures Into Terror. Gaines also published Tales of Terror Annual (4 rebound comics) as late as 1953, so he still might have been publishing at least one 'Terror' title. Revision pending further thought, unless somebody does it first... --AC 05:44, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

DC still using Code?
I haven't seen the seal on any recent DC Comics. It was on Archie Comics last I can recall, but the claim says "As of 2007"--and I simply have not seen the seal on any 2007 DC covers. Can someone show an example, particularly from one not as part of a younger readers line? --Scottandrewhutchins 21:18, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Relevance of undergrounds to CCA?
The current article includes this vague paragraph:

In the late 1960s, the underground comics scene arose, with artists creating comics that delved into subject matter explicitly banned by the Code. However, these comics were distributed largely through unconventional channels, such as head shops, making CCA approval unnecessary for their success.

So if undergrounds never needed the code, then why mention them? I suspect some editor may have believed that it was somehow connected, as if the freedom of the undergrounds made mainstream comics producers envious and more liberal. But I'm just guessing at somebody else's speculation. Also puzzling is the "subject matter explicitly banned by the Code" bit, as said artists were never members of the CCA so its rules wouldn't apply to them.

Is there any merit in the above quoted underground text? If not, it should be removed. --AC 22:36, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you're right that the paragraph is poorly worded. I'd say it's relevant to note that comics did exist during this time that did not have the Comics Code seal, and rewrite this graf to which include both underground comics and the black-and-white comics magazines of Warren Publishing, Skywald Publications etc. I can tackle that later if someone else doesn't volunteer in the meantime; it's getting late where I am and I'm a bit tired. --Tenebrae 23:03, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The CCA sells cover seals to subscribing publishers. (Is/was it a nonprofit?)  These seals vouchsafed publishers lacking reputation (e.g. 1950s Marvel, EC...) to do business with timid, leery or cautious distributors.  Even in the 1950s some "mainstream" publishers who had "good" reputations (e.g. Dell, Gilberton...) didn't need to buy, (and did not buy), memberships or seals.  The CCA wasn't universal, just predominant.  The article should make that clear, but details about undergrounds and head shops still seem irrelevant.

 * However, in an article on American Comic Book Distribution such info would be wholly relevant. It'd list the history of distributors, their fortunes, their policies and how these influenced the publishers.  --AC (talk) 05:40, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps they are mentioned because people might assume that ALL American-made (or even sold? did foreign things like The Beano have to be approved retrospectively before they could be sold?) comics had to be approved before they could be sold at all, at the time 82.153.230.138 (talk) 13:30, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Let's avoid hypothesizing and stick to facts. Regarding the notion that readers might assume the CCA applied to all comics -- if so, that would be the fault of vague writing in the article, rather than a plausible inference based on insufficient data. On Beano: as far as I know Beano never had newsstand distribution in the US, (or much US circulation at all), so the CCA wouldn't apply.  --AC (talk) 21:12, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * "On Beano: as far as I know Beano never had newsstand distribution in the US, (or much US circulation at all)"-Then the USA is indeed a great country. This is irony, but it's not sarcasm.

Image copyright problem with Image:Astonishing30.jpg
The image Image:Astonishing30.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --23:28, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * FUR added --Tenebrae (talk) 03:32, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

Title of 1954 JD hearings?
This recent description seems a bit roundabout:

The Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency hearings in 1954, which focused specifically on comic books...

The article United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency refers to "1954 Comic Book Hearings", which is short and descriptive. The same article cites an OCL reference to Juvenile Delinquency (Comic Books) hearings before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency in the U.S., Eighty-Third Congress, second session, on Apr. 21, 22, June 4, 1954, which agrees with Coville's online edition. Is there an 'encyclopedic' way to construct or choose between such titles? --AC (talk) 07:18, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I know of know authoritative rules, rather, there are myriads of conventions used by different encyclopedias. Seems like an area to use various re-directs? The idea would be to ensure that someone typing in something like "1954 Comic Book Hearings" or even just "Comic Book Hearings" would retrieve the appropriate entry. -- Quartermaster (talk) 13:41, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 16:11, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Done - needs a lot more references, the founding section in particular has none (and neither does the 21st century section) and there needs to be more scattered throughout the article. I'm also pretty sure there must be an infobox that could work here. (Emperor (talk) 17:57, 17 February 2009 (UTC))

Wolfman section
This section remains flawed. Wolfman was never denied the right to have his name in the credit boxes by the CCA. The catch to this particular incident is that Wolfman and Conway found a way to reference the term "wolfman" within the context of a story since Marv penned the tale. There may be quotes from Marv Wolfman here, but they seem to be taken out of context. Just click the footnote that points to CBR for some additional clarity. I would add the following bit of speculation to Marv's telling of the tale. Dick Giordano took over editorship of House of Secrets from Joe Orlando with issue #82. His editorial policies probably had more to do with credits being given on this title going forward that this tale. In fact there is a Marv Wolfman story in issue #82, fully credited to him. He also has several fully credited stories in Teen Titans and elsewhere that predate this tale by several months.

Infobroker (talk) 22:46, 6 January 2009 (UTC)
 * It is definitely an exaggeration to claim that this tale was a key incident that opened up credit policy across the entire DC line. Too many creators were already being given credits, years before this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.42.161.36 (talk • contribs)

 * According to WP:VERIFY, Wikipedia does not expect to provide "truth" — whatever that is, given different parties' accounts of the same event — but verification that information included here has appeared in a reliable source. The points in that section come from the source himself, in two instances decades apart. As an example of the CCA's reach and its effect on major comic-book publishers, it is pertinent.

 * I'm sure you understand that "probably" speculation isn't usable. Cocaine or heroin (I forgot which) slipped into the first Deadman story without the CCA noticing. Wolfman's name likewise may have appeared previously without the CCA's notice. The point of the example is the publisher's and CCA's reaction when use of the term "Wolfman" was then brought to the CCA's attention. -- Tenebrae (talk) 01:25, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

 * That said, the issue of writers credits is tangential and off-topic, so I've removed it. We do have common ground!  :-)  --Tenebrae (talk) 01:28, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

If you want a source for what actually happened, see http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2007/09/06/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-119/ Ken Arromdee (talk) 19:20, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

 * A footnote to that source has been in this Wikipedia article since January 2009. I'd like to take your comment in good faith; I note, however, you've added another link to that site further down on this page. Given that the link was already footnoted for nearly a year-and-a-half, and that you're linking multiple times to the same site, I think it's reasonable to question whether these edits are promotional linkspam.--Tenebrae (talk) 17:47, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
 * In other words, you're not going to assume good faith, however you're going to mention the good faith policy for plausible deniability that you're following the policy by not following it. Ken Arromdee (talk) 18:09, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Other non code comics
I have a collection of Gold Key comics going all the way back into the late 1960s and the one thing I noticed is there is no Comics Code Authority logo on any of them, even the stuff with Disney characters. If the code was supposedly so powerful how was Gold Key able to sale comics in general distribution outlets without the Code logo?--BruceGrubb (talk) 07:39, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Gold Key was even MORE powerful. They published adaptations of basically EVERYTHING: TV, movies, literature. They had comics, books, puzzles, etc. They were Disney before Disney was Disney. They had their own standards and the comics buying public knew what to expect from a Gold Key book. So, no code seal needed. Khajidha (talk) 17:41, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Tony Stark?
Clearly Iron Man does not seem to meet the codes original format (due to Tony's Alcoholic trait before and most likely after becoming Iron Man not sure I never read the comic or saw that movie)... Was it a non-code comic? Or was it a code comic as the subject was most likely not brought up again? 71.165.9.55 (talk) 06:25, 4 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Though Iron Man debuted in 1963, Tony Stark's alcoholism wasn't established until 1979, well after the Code had been revised. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_in_a_Bottle WaxTadpole (talk) 16:22, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

MAD
I deleted text which says that MAD "was changed to magazine format to circumvent the code". There is no source for that claim and http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2006/04/06/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-45/ not only says that it's not true, but quotes an interview with William Gaines to back this up. Ken Arromdee (talk) 19:18, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

Newer info?
Could we get some info on this from later than 2007? Is this still in effect at all? It's 2010, now, so this is 3 years out of date. 75.176.108.7 (talk) 03:21, 1 June 2010

the spider-man section and DC overall
it's all bullshit, i mean i respect the story with spidey for what it is, but the statement by the DC guy is taken out of the companys context, because in august 71 they started the influential snowbirds don't fly story in green lantern / green arrow, and the big difference between the two storys is, and that's also why the DC story is more relevant overall, in thw words of dennis o neal:

"I went home and decided I really wanted to do the drug story," the artist recalls, "so I pencilled and inked the cover, and it's exactly as you've seen it, with Speedy and his works on the table. I took it into [editor] Julie Schwartz's office, put it on his desk, and he dropped it like a hot potato. "He was very clear that if we did the story, we would have to make Speedy into a heroin junkie. Not a pot smoker, not a pill popper like they did at Marvel; he would have to be a hard drug user. It was an interesting situation. Denny wanted to write the story, I wanted to draw it, Julie came around after he had calmed himself down. And then, Stan Lee did his Spider-Man story...

Within a few weeks, remembers Adams, while DC staffers debated the prospects of doing the drug story, Lee got the jump on them by publishing a drug abuse story in Spider-Man #96-98 (illustrated by Gil Kane) that was a first; originally rejected by the Comics Code Authority, Marvel published the story anyway without the seal of approval.

"We could have done it first and been the ones to make a big move. Popping a pill and walking off a roof isn't the sort of thing that really happens, but heroin addiction is; to have it happen to one of our heroes was potentially devastating. Anyway, the publishers at DC, Marvel and the rest called a meeting, and in three weeks, the Comics Code was completely rewritten. And we did our story."

here's the link for reference in the rewriting of this article, i hope somebody with better englich than me does it:

http://titanstower.com/source/libearly/drugsroy.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.173.175.67 (talk) 21:26, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Is The Code Dead?
In light of the Tipper Gore putting lables on CDs and such and the TV rating system, would the code have to change again, or fold up?DLN7762 (talk) 23:30, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

for defying the code
In the Updating the Code section:

 * "Lee and Marvel drew criticism from DC head Carmine Infantino "for defying the code", stating that DC will not "do any drug stories unless the code is changed"."

Who is doing the "stating" - Lee and Marvel or Infantino? Could this be clarified? Heavenlyblue (talk) 22:39, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * From context, it must have been Infantino. Stan Lee at Marvel Comics would not have known what DC would or would not do, whereas Infantino was the publisher of DC Comics and could make decisions about what DC would or would not allow. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 06:19, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

Larger Social Context
This article could use a section explicitly dealing in detail with the larger social context of the CCA's inception. The Founding section has only the overly vague "...was formed in September 1954 in response to a widespread public concern...". Who organised, motivated, and expressed this "widespread public concern"? There is no mention here of right-wing populism, the Red Scare, or any other movements, organisations, or social currents. This very much needs to be remedied. I suggest a section entitled Social and Political Context. Heavenlyblue (talk) 22:59, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

 * The whole thing definitely has aspects of a Moral panic.   Heavenlyblue (talk) 23:10, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

Top Importance?
There's a discussion on which comic-related articles should be listed as "Top Importance" on the importance scale, and I feel this article should not be included. If any user disagrees or wishes to contribute, please do so there. Argento Surfer (talk) 14:48, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

Contradiction
One section says distributors were the de facto enforcement arm of the CCA, refusing to carry comics without the seal. Yet the section immediately above says distributors carried Dell and Gold Key Comics without it. This needs to be explained, with citing. --Tenebrae (talk) 14:20, 1 November 2013 (UTC)
 * This has been addressed. Argento Surfer (talk) 17:30, 21 December 2016 (UTC)

A 1973 Chicago Tribune article that may be useful here
I found this article from July 28, 1973 on the Chicago Tribune archives site. It may be of some use to this article. Both Steve Englehart and Mike Royer are quoted in it. http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1973/07/29/page/45/article/peoples-fine-art-or-porn

Mtminchi08 (talk) 18:39, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

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1976??
"He established the Comics Code Authority (CCA), basing its code upon the largely unenforced code drafted by the Association of Comics Magazine Publishers in 1976, which in turn had been modeled loosely after the 1940 Hollywood Production Code."

The date 1976 in this context must be wrong. Whatever date is intended must be prior to 1954, does anybody know the actual date of this earlier, unenforced code?

J Edward Malone (talk) 20:54, 2 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you. The correct date is 1948. I've fixed it in the article. Newyorkbrad (talk) 21:00, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

Uncited material in need of citations
I am moving the following uncited material here until it can be properly supported with inline citations of reliable, secondary sources, per WP:V, WP:NOR, WP:CS, WP:NOR, WP:IRS, WP:PSTS, et al. This diff shows where it was in the article. Nightscream (talk) 18:05, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

Founding
This code banned graphic depictions of violence and gore in crime and horror comics, as well as the sexual innuendo of what aficionados refer to as "good girl art". Fredric Wertham's 1954 book Seduction of the Innocent had rallied opposition to this type of material in comics, arguing that it was harmful to the children who made up a large segment of the comic book audience. The Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency hearings in April 1954, which focused specifically on comic books, had many publishers concerned about government regulation, prompting them to form a self-regulatory body instead.

Like the previous code, the CCA prohibited the presentation of "policemen, judges, government officials, and respected institutions … in such a way as to create disrespect for established authority." But it added the requirements that "in every instance good shall triumph over evil" and discouraged "instances of law enforcement officers dying as a result of a criminal's activities." Specific restrictions were placed on the portrayal of kidnapping and concealed weapons. Depictions of "excessive violence" were forbidden, as were "lurid, unsavory, gruesome illustrations". Vampires, werewolves, ghouls and zombies (the staple monsters of the horror comics) were banned outright, and, in addition, comics could not use the words horror or terror in their titles. The use of the word crime was subject to numerous restrictions. Where the previous code had condemned the publication of "sexy, wanton comics", the CCA was much more precise: depictions of "sex perversion", "sexual abnormalities", and "illicit sex relations" as well as seduction, rape, sadism, and masochism were specifically forbidden. In words echoing the Hollywood Production Code, love stories were enjoined to emphasize the "sanctity of marriage" and those portraying scenes of passion were advised to avoid stimulating "lower and baser emotions".

Criticism and enforcement
These restrictions, as well as those banning vampires, werewolves and zombies, helped make EC Comics unprofitable; all of its titles except Mad were cancelled in the year following the code's introduction, and attempts by EC to launch code-friendly replacement titles were unsuccessful. Mad itself survived only because Gaines had converted the publication to a magazine format, to which the code did not apply.

Underground comics
In the late 1960s, the underground comics scene arose, with artists such as Robert Crumb creating comics that delved into graphic subject matter banned by the Code. Since these comics were distributed largely through unconventional channels, such as head shops, they were able to skirt the problem of mainstream distributors who were wary of carrying non-CCA-approved comics. This allowed underground comics to achieve moderate success without CCA approval.

Magazine comics
The code was not mandatory, as there was no law requiring its use. Warren Publishing published horror stories as magazines and never submitted its stories to the Comics Code Authority. Marvel published its first magazine edition of the Spectacular Spider-Man (July 1968) without submitting it to the code. However, the second issue (November 1968) was submitted to the code and displayed its logo on the cover.

1980s–present
By the 1980s, greater depiction of violence had become acceptable. For example, Moon Knight #21 (July. 1982) encounters zombies, and Elvira's House of Mystery #2 (Feb. 1986) contained numerous decapitations but was still Code-approved. A 1989 code revision provided more permissiveness but also authorized members to publish unapproved titles labeled as mature fare.

Bongo Comics, established in 1993 primarily to publish comics based upon The Simpsons television series, also chose to display the seal.

1980s and 1990s
There was a period of winding down and the CCA being more and more irrelevant over the 80s and 90s before people fully pulled out. The entire Vertigo imprint was without the Comics Code stamp, and this was a pattern that had started in the 80s (it's easy to see from the covers which comics weren't CCA approved). Swamp Thing 29 is a good example when 28 had been; this is already mentioned on the Swamp Thing page. Neonchameleon (talk) 01:09, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

Abandonment
DC Comics, Marvel Comics, and other CCA sponsors began publishing comics intended for adult audiences, without the CCA seal, and comics labeled for "mature readers" under imprints such as DC's Vertigo and Marvel's Epic Comics, and the DC imprints Helix and WildStorm were not submitted to the CCA.

...and implemented its own rating system designating appropriate age groups.

Wiki Education assignment: ENGL A120 Critical Thinking
— Assignment last updated by DBowie (talk) 19:49, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comics Code Authority


text:
Twenty-foot equivalent unit

The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20 ft intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.

Forty-foot equivalent unit
The standard intermodal container is 19 ft long and 8 ft wide. The height of such containers is most commonly 8 ft but ranges from 4 ft to 9 ft.

Another standard container is slightly more than twice as long: 40 ft, dubbed a forty-foot equivalent unit (often FEU or feu).

The reason the smaller container is 1.5 inches short of 20 feet is to allow it to be stacked efficiently with 40-foot containers. The twistlocks on a ship are set so that two standard 20-foot containers have a gap of three inches, allowing a single 40-foot container to fit precisely on top.

The 40-foot containers have found wider acceptance, as they can be pulled by semi-trailer trucks. The length of such a combination is within the limits of national road regulations in many countries, requiring no special permission. As some road regulations allow longer trucks, there are also variations of the standard 40-foot container; in Europe and most other places a container of 45 ft may be pulled as a trailer. Containers with a length of 48 ft or 53 ft are restricted to road and rail transport in North America. Although longer than 40 feet, these variants are put in the same class of forty-foot equivalent units.

Equivalence
The carrying capacity of a ship is usually measured by mass (the deadweight tonnage) or by volume (the net register tonnage). Deadweight tonnage is generally measured now in metric tons (tonnes). Register tons are measured in cu. ft, with one register ton equivalent to 100 cuft.

As the TEU is an inexact unit, it cannot be converted precisely into other units. The related unit forty-foot equivalent unit, however, is defined as two TEU.

It is common to designate a 45 ft container as 2 TEU, rather than 2.25 TEU.

The most common twenty-foot container occupies a space 20 ft long, 8 ft wide, and 8 ft high, with an allowance externally for the corner castings; the internal volume is 1172 cuft. However, both 9 ft High cube and 4 ft half height containers are also reckoned as 1 TEU. This gives a volume range of 680 to 1520 cuft for one TEU.

While the TEU is not itself a measure of mass, some conclusions can be drawn about the maximum mass that a TEU can represent. The maximum gross mass for a 20 ft dry cargo container is 24000 kg. Subtracting the tare mass of the container itself, the maximum amount of cargo per TEU is reduced to about 21600 kg.

Similarly, the maximum gross mass for a 40 ft dry cargo container (including the 9 ft High cube container) is 30480 kg. After correcting for tare weight, this gives a cargo capacity of 26500 kg.

Twenty-foot "heavy tested" containers are available for heavy goods such as heavy machinery. These containers allow a maximum weight of 67200 lb, an empty weight of 5290 lb, and a net load of 61910 lb.

title: Twenty-foot equivalent unit


text:
Talk:Science journalist

Untitled
Shouldn't this properly be called science journalist? :-)

 * And shouldn't it be merged with Category:Science writers? Peak Freak 11:16, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Links
Two quick comments: HTH ---CH 02:04, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * David Bradley is a disambig page which doesn't even include the science reporter. Someone more familiar than I with the blog should decide whether he is sufficiently notable for a wikibio and if so write it or if not delete the link.
 * William Broad is one of the most active science reporters for the NYT and has written several books; isn't he notatable?

title: Talk:Science journalist


text:
Postage stamps and postal history of the Falkland Islands

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Falkland Islands.

Early mails
Early mail service depended on occasional calls by ships connecting to the Brazil packet via Montevideo; the earliest recorded letter dates from 15 February 1800. From 1852 to 1880 a schooner (either a government boat or a contractor) called about every two months.

In October 1877, the Secretary of State of the Colonial Office, the Earl of Carnarvon began the process of application for the Falkland Islands to join the General Postal Union (renamed Universal Postal Union in 1879). No sooner than the Falklands had joined the GPU; an announcement was made that the postage rates would be reduced from 6d per ½ ounce to 4d per ½ ounce.

Before 17 July 1861 postage costs could not be prepaid, and from 1869 prepaid franks are known, used by the local postmaster.

First stamps
The first stamps, 1d and 6d values featuring the profile of Queen Victoria, were issued 19 June 1878. Unusually for a British colony, the first stamps were not on watermarked paper, but this was rectified in 1883. Additional values of this design appeared from time to time until 1902.

In 1880, carriage of mail was made mandatory for any ship calling at Stanley, and regular service was contracted to the German Kosmos Line, which operated steamships on a route from Hamburg to Callao, Peru. The first post office opened in Stanley in 1887.

On 1 January 1891 a need for 1/2d stamps resulted in the authorization of bisection and surcharge of existing 1d stamps. 1/2d stamps arrived in September, but the bisects were allowed until 11 January 1892.

The twentieth century
In 1900, the Pacific Steam Navigation Company got the contract, which operated until 1914, when the opening of the Panama Canal made Cape Horn roundings unnecessary, and regular mail service to the Falklands was not resumed until 1927.

In 1904 new stamps of the same general design, but depicting Edward VII, were issued, and likewise after 1912 for George V. Shortages of dyes due to World War I led to considerable color variations in the wartime printings of George V stamps.

The 2d purple stamp was surcharged 2$1/2$d in 1928 for use on the island of South Georgia only during a stamp shortage.

In 1929 the first pictorial design appeared, featuring small images of a whale and penguins beneath the profile of George V. This was followed up by the much-admired centennial issue of 1933, a series of 12 stamps featuring local scenes and wildlife evocatively rendered; a full set is today priced at about US$3,000.

Starting in the 1930s, the Falklands took part of the omnibus issues of the Empire; the Silver Jubilee issue of 1935, Coronation issue for George VI in 1937, and so forth. The new king also meant a need for a new definitive series, which came out in 1938 and featured scenes, wildlife, and ships, though in a somewhat plainer design than the pictorials of 1933.

A last definitive series for George VI appeared in 1952. Of the 14 stamps of the issue, six were re-issued between 1955 and 1957 with a portrait of Elizabeth II. The next definitive series did not come out until 1960, the 15 values depicting various native birds.

In 1964, a series of four stamps commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Falkland Islands became notable for the HMS Glasgow error, in which the wrong warship was printed on a few of the six-pence value.

The Falklands War
During the Falklands War of 1982, occupied islands used stamps of Argentina, and postmarks with the wording "Islas Malvinas". Since that time, a British garrison has been maintained; while forces mail to home is free, mail to other destinations requires postage franked with British stamps, and as of 2003 was cancelled with two intertwined circles saying "Falkland Islands BFPO 655 Post Office".

Post codes
In 2003, the Islands were given their own UK postcode, FIQQ 1ZZ. This was in response to complaints that mail to the Falklands was being sent to the wrong destination (usually either Falkland in Fife, where postcodes have the letters 'FK', or to the Faroe Islands). The introduction of the postcode, valid for all local addresses, also helped Islanders to fill in mail order forms online, many of which insisted on a valid ZIP or postal code.

Privatisation
On 1 August 2014 the Falkland Islands postal and philatelic bureau services were privatised by a decision of the Falkland Islands Government as the Falklands Post Service Ltd.


text:
User talk:SonofRage

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Dori 18:35, Nov 20, 2003 (UTC)

Hi. I noticed that ANSWER has many of the same problems as Workers World Party. I'm in the UK and have no idea whether answer really is controlled by Workers World Party or whether it is a slur. Could you have a look at it? Thanks. Secretlondon 12:47, Jan 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Was trying to work out if it was a right-wing slur or not. I can now see that it isn't. Secretlondon 18:18, Jan 16, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Eugene Debs.jpg and Image:AntonPannekoek.jpg
Hello SonofRage! I'm writing you becuase two images you uploaded, Image:Eugene Debs.jpg and Image:AntonPannekoek.jpg, do not have any licensing information associated with them. Wikipedia's goal is to remain free content, so all images used in articles must have a free license. If these images were not released under a free license, they need to be removed from Wikipedia. Because of the lack of any license, the images have been listed for possible deletion. Please supply any license information you may have for these images on the image's page, and drop me a note on my talk page. Thanks! Whosyourjudas 21:22, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Great. I'll update the image pages.  Thanks for the timely response (and free licenses!), Whosyourjudas 20:47, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Socialist stubs
Hiya. I've proposed a socialist/social democratic stub category, and it's currently up for discussion. I'd much appreciate your thoughts on it. The discussion is taking place here. Thanks. aliceinlampyland 13:23, 30 November 2005 (UTC).

Unspecified source for Image:AntonPannekoek.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Oprah Winfrey (2004)2.jpg
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Image licensing
Hey there...

I am going through a number of images that have some minor licensing issues. I came across Image:David mcreynolds.jpeg which you uploaded. The licensing on this image is not complete as it was uploaded many years ago. I wonder if you could follow the link to the image page and correct the licensing with a GFDL license (or other free license). If you have any questions or issues, please drop me a note on my talk page. Thanks. --Jordan 1972 (talk) 01:33, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

File source problem with File:David mcreynolds.jpeg
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File source problem with File:DanielDeLeon.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:DanielDeLeon.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 23:37, 11 July 2009 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 23:37, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Bring the Ruckus
I have nominated Bring the Ruckus, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Bring the Ruckus. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Oo7565 (talk) 18:22, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

File:Son ninja av.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Son ninja av.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Kelly hi! 03:27, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of New Union Party for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article New Union Party is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Toa Nidhiki05 12:35, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:SonofRage


text:
User talk:Rholton

For older content, see:

 * User talk:Rholton/archive01
 * User talk:Rholton/archive02
 * User talk:Rholton/archive03

Are you anti-Catholic?
I noticed you recently deleted an article about an anti-Pope in the Catholic Church. I was wondering if it was because of any anti-Catholic sentiments that you might have? If not, I do apologize. (posted by user:RichardMarcJ 22:30, February 11, 2006)

 * No. I am not anti-Catholic. I don't recall the particular article in question, but I don't delete articles based on my personal beliefs anyway. If I deleted the article without an AFD vote, it must have appeared to me to meet the criteria for speedy deletion. -Rholton 00:51, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

A simple CMS
Hi Rholton, I read your question about a CMS for your community. I spent many months last year going into the available open source systems, and there are two which attracted me the most:
 * [CMSimple] - really simple, with most of the commonly required plugin functions available.
 * [Joomla] - more versatile but much more to learn and "administrate". Can be kept very basic, or expanded to a large commercial size undertaking. You will probably find templates that suit your purpose, ready-made, and there is an enthusiastic and helpful (and very large!) support community.

Joomla can do streaming audio/video, I'm not sure about CMSimple. If you are looking to expend in the future, Joomla would be my recommendation, but it has a longer learning curve than CMSimple. I hope this helps --Seejyb 22:33, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Pavlos Hatzipantelidis
Thanks with that. —  Κ aiba  02:25, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

deletion
Mr. Rholton,

I found the section above about reversion titled FELA KUTI appropriate to my situation where you deleted my new article on Alan Scott Kaufman. The deletion was done so quickly you couldn't have had time to read any articles referenced therein. Surely you could have discussed with me any concerns or offered advice before the instant deletion.

AlanSKaufman 01:58, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Could I echo this with regards to William O. Eareckson. You allowed a grand total of 4 yes FOUR minutes from my creating the article to putting on a speedy deletion notice. This is not reasonable. Nickhk 01:40, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Dylan Services
Thanks for the hint to use my user page to develop the content. User:Pet-ro/Dylan Service Framework

(Oh: I now understand the move command in the wiki better )

If you like you can delet the old page Dylan services. Maybe I in the next time publish this a subpage of Dylan programming languages.

Greetings, pet-ro

thanks
for fixing the bold title on special needs. Hello as well. cpswarrior 04:05, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

National Myth. Thanks
Thanks for National Myth correction. vkvora 14:32, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

re:your vandalism in Plymouth Brethren article
I spend many time and money,adding needed citations and sources there,and you deleted it?. How an article must to be written according you?. If it hadn`t sources you delete it,if it is original reaserach you claims Wikipedia is no the place for it;if it had links you call it excessives and delete it. Stop now your vandalism or you will be blocked. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eliecer (talk • contribs)

Misspelling redirects
Hi, I just wanted to say nice work fixing the links to redirects from misspellings. Keep it up! Wmahan. 02:25, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Fondón
Will you add to these redirects? User:Emijrp/Almería User:Emijrp/Cádiz User:Emijrp/Huelva, I think that it is unnecessary. --Emijrp 06:39, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I mean that in those tables there are a lot of redirects, then why to put in Fondón, Spain and not in Serón, Spain, Vélez-Blanco, Spain, and many many more....? --Emijrp 12:23, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The question is that, "will someone use that huge categories?" I'm not sure, but happy job!. I have seen that articles in Category:Redirects to Wiktionary dont use {wi} template, then it counts as a valid article. What about this? --Emijrp 12:53, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * When an article uses more than one line, it is a real article, then {NUMBEROFARTICLES} rises. All that articles with {subst:wi} template is overloading that variable, do you understand? It's a small problem, but if those articles are going to stay in Wikipedia, they must use {wi} and not {subst:wi}. Cheers. --Emijrp 15:22, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

my name
The guidelines suggest a note sent to me first, explaining the cause for your alarm at my handle, unless of course it's just plain obvious, I guess. I think you are mistaken, and could take a moment to exaplain, but you need to voice some specific cause for offense. "Sounds like something offensive" doesn't cut it, I'm afraid, but if you have a bone to pick with category theory, for example, I'm interested to hear it! :) happy regulating. MotherFunctor 09:33, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Not Vandlism
I'm sorry I reverted an edit that was not vandalism but did not help the page either. I probably saw it using VandalProof and did not want to go through the hassle of reverting it manually. I guess I'll log it as a mistake.Gdo01 15:26, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks ..
.. for your endorsement of my Board candidacy. I especially appreciate your comment, though I must confess that I don't remember what we disagreed about in the past.--Eloquence* 09:58, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * We disagreed over whether a particular image of Nick Berg's execution should appear on the Main Page, or rather, over how we should determine when such images should appear. This was a mailing list conversation. Unless I've got you confused with someone else, in which case maybe you'd better not say...;) –RHolton ≡ – 14:10, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It does sound like the kind of thing I would comment on, though I'm slightly worried my position today might be completely different ..--Eloquence* 14:15, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for proofreading
Thanks for the good job at fixing mistakes in the Vincent van Gogh article. Stumps 17:59, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Reference to this article
It is true, even if it is sickening to think about. Hope this clears up everything! Arbiteroftruth 01:53, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I read that article, and the guy had his you-know-what cut off after he walked into a trap that was set up by some thief. I don't find that comforting either. I think I will spare you the rest of the details. Arbiteroftruth 04:25, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

User Gene Nygaard
Gene Nygaard appears to be on a strange mission to remove all accent marks and other non-English punctuation from Wikipedia. His behavior seems rather abrasive, too, as can be seen from his talk page. This may explain his seemingly irrational comments in the talk sections of 1181 Lilith and 7796 Jaracimrman. Apparently, he opposes renaming 1181 Lilith simply because he is not getting his way when he wants to rename articles.

Since you are an administrator, could you tell me whether his behavior (which seems more disruptive in other parts of Wikipedia) warrants action by an administrator, and if so, could you please take appropriate actions?

Thank you, George J. Bendo 08:56, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

BKWSU Discussion
RHolton, thanks for dropping by and I really appreciate you restoring the NPOV tag. It’s a small step towards fairness, but if it survives the night then it will be a significant one, as it will easily be the most substantial edit to do so other than that made by 244 or Talkabout, since I’ve been looking in. I am not best placed to discuss the article content. I am not a member of the BK nor an ex member. However, my support for the NPOV was because others who were qualified to contest the articles content and attempted to do so, where either stonewalled by proven sockpuppets or had their comments removed from the discussion section and their citation requests pulled down. I have supplied detailed links of examples of where I saw this happening, in a 9 point reply to the user Talkabout in the Searchin Man complaint section of the Sept – Oct 2006 discussion archive. searchin man 03:04, 12 October 2006 (UTC) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brahma_Kumaris_World_Spiritual_University"

Posting this here as it's been edited already where I originally placed it on the bkwsu discussion page by 195.82.106.244    searchin man 03:35, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, Mr Holton. It was archived. You also removed my addition. Was this intentional?

 * I spent some time archiving all the previous discussion, in two lots because it had become so long and mixed up [people posting at the top instead of bottom] and I am asking you allow it to be archived so that we can put the past behind us and start afresh doing exactly what you said we should. Focusing on the topic.

 * I am sorry but what both contributors did was continue on the slurs, allegations and non-content related dialogue - which is now fully documented in the archives as per policy. From the copy of what was written, you can see this.

 * If you can fault the logic of a fresh start - or if you want to remove any elements of the fresh start because they appear conentious, then please do. But give us the fresh - on topic - start.

 * Thank you, 195.82.106.244 10:41, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Mr Holton, I chose not to engage in the previous slurs. If you look back at the archives, you will see that I added I think it was close to 25 citations answering all the points that had been raised which had not been addressed, merely buried in the usual slur and allegations which you allow.

 * They are still archived, here; . There are many references included in the article and discussion pages which he has obviously not checked. I then went back and added another just a few days ago. So if I responded to his slur, a) do you allow that b) does it not present a NPOV/continuation itself?

 * searchin man states he is not a BK to you and yet elsewhere he states that he has been associated for 5 years and recommended or many people to them, his upset being that a recent recommendee had been put off by this Wiki topic. That would not appear to be honest or unbiased.

 * I wanted to entirely avoid getting back into that cycle of allegation and counter allegation by archiving all previous discussion but it has to go both ways.

 * I suggest that you accept any contentious or prejudicial discussion is archived where it is less likely to cause offense, draw the line to the past, and start on a clean slate and that you too join in the discussion page. Thank you. 195.82.106.244 18:12, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I checked and the Nine points have nothing to do with actual content.

 * We are going to have problems Mr Holton because you have admin status to throw around but your opening comments are factually inaccurate. The BKWSU was not founded in 1937, the precursor Om Mandali was. World Renewal Trust followed. The "University" is not a real university and as such not founded, it might be misleading. Additionally, the founder was not Brahma Baba but Shiva Baba. And the citation are clearly available and non-contentious. So caution please if we are to be accurate. 195.82.106.244 18:15, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Rich, I agree you have used real tact and reserve but I would like you to allow the contentious comments remain in the archive, as they are, and remove the copies on the front discussion. Or I would like the opportunity to respond to them as they are prejudicial and incomplete. If I remove them I am going to be accused.

 * Folks seem to have got the message and settled down which is positive. I agree to a clean start without any personal digs, do not want to be dug at and agree that "digging" is not the way forward.
 * Thanks. 195.82.106.244 13:50, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Mr.Holton, This note is regarding the discussion in the Talk page in Brahma Kumaris.
 * Questions:When a reliable source is requested and it is not offered by the editor of the article, what is an adequate amount of time to wait for a satisfactory reply (reliable source)? what should be the next step after that? Thank you.

 * avyakt7

 * Disappearing discussion archive history
 * I just noticed that all the discussion archives for the BKWSU article from July up to the October have had their histories blanked on 12th Oct 06. Is this normal and acceptable? I wanted to refer to something on the previous discussion but it seems to have disappeared since I first read it.
 * Thanks Bksimonb 12:59, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes
Hi. I removed your context tag from Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes after having completely rewritten the article. I hope that addresses the problem. Disneyfile 00:13, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

WP India
Hi,

If you are interested in assessing article for WikiProject India, please add yourself to the list. Regards, — Ambuj Saxena (talk) 19:15, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Interstate 74
The standards for Interstate Highways can be found at WikiProject Interstate Highways. Abbreviated state names are used in many situations in the US roads projects. In the routeboxes, standardisation is important, and ideally, each junction should be one line in the routebox. On Interstate 95, for example, adding the state name would extend the routebox significantly. Also, in the browse boxes, abbreviated state names are used to keep the browse box size to a minimum, which is particularly necessary when the browse box is at the bottom of the routebox, such is the case on Interstate 66. The abbreviated state names in the external links section (excluding the browse boxes), was an oversight on my part, and for that I apologise. Also, from what I can find, the Manual of Style is not too helpful on state abbreviations, particularly in the abbreviations page. But I would argue that since the junctions in the routebox are listed in more detail further in the article, it's not that big of a deal. --MPD01605 (T / C) 22:25, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, it's hardly a decision for me to make. It would be best to bring it up on the Interstate Highways talk page, and just see what happens.  Otherwise, the status quo is going to remain.  That's the best I can give.  --MPD01605 (T / C) 23:01, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

User:Rholton/Denis the Carthusian
I noticed that this article has a lot of links leading to it from article-space... is it something that's acceptable to move back to article space? I'm doing article⇒userspace redirect cleanup, and the redirects could potentially be speedy deleted, but if this was a sandbox article that got forgotten, it may be better to move it back to article space? --Interiot 18:09, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I was going to ask the same thing. Since it is derived from the Catholic Encyclopedia, anyone could duplicate the work, and create an article-space version. But why duplicate the effort? Seems it has been there from 2004. There are red links such as Denis of Rykel that need this also. Charles Matthews 10:04, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Sure! I have no objection to moving this into the article-space. I created the page back in 2004, and I had no idea it was being redirected to from the article-space (something which seems to have taken place in August of 2006). Of course it needs lots of work, but that's all the more reason to put it somewhere where people will not hesitate to work on it. –RHolton ≡ – 12:28, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Update: I have now moved the page and fixed the double-redirects. Thanks for the promptings, Interoit and Charles. –RHolton ≡ – 12:34, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Pentagrid Converter
Thank you for your comment. It least you give feedback in a mature style, unlike some of the other children.

Do you have a link to the article style you have a problem with, because I can't find it? I B Wright 16:52, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

commons:User:Rholton
This is to confirm that I am also commons:User:Rholton. –RHolton ≡ – 05:36, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
Very helpful link, the one about the javascript about editing section 0... It's one of the better parts of the wiki-world, there's always something to learn. Cheers, Niels |en talk-nl talk (faster response)| 04:25, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Sorry
I am sorry about having made you delete that page that I created in idiocy. Check my talk page for an explanation. Billy go zoom 05:38, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Talk:Diabetes mellitus
My edit there was a total mistake. I didn't notice I was on a talk page. Thank you for catching it and reverting my edit. --Mdwyer 18:04, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * No problem. It was apparent to me that it was a mistake. Thanks for admitting a mistake -- something not everyone is willing to do. –RHolton ≡ – 19:30, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Your RfA
Good grief, that's all it took? Even I might have gotten adminship back then. KP Botany 22:52, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Big change, huh? You tell me, has there been a change in the Wikipedia culture? –RHolton ≡ – 04:48, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Please do me a favor...
If you get the chance, would you please delete the page Marlboro Township School District, then move Marlboro Public Schools to that page? Thanks a lot! --aido2002 02:01, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

AfD: Ctime
FYI, I've nominated ctime for deletion. — Loadmaster 15:09, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Trevor Loflin
Please note that the section of SAT to which the page on Trevor Loflin was merged has been deleted, and for good reason; the information on Trevor Loflin was entirely inappropriate in that article. I have nominated the article on Mr. Loflin for deletion a second time. Based on your participation either in the article on Trevor Loflin or in the previous afd, you may wish to participate in the article's present deletion discussion. Thanks. Niffweed17, Destroyer of Chickens 19:23, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

My Right To Vanish
Please Do Not Respond To This On My Page. I Asked Another Admin To Make Me Vanish Before And He Wrote That I Retired On My Talk Page. That Is All Fine And Dandy But I Would Like My History And Contributions Erased As Well, Erase Me From Wikipedia Please. Thankyou.-- GorillazFan  Adam  03:31, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Cativolcus
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Cativolcus, and it appears to include a substantial copy of. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot 04:41, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Articles of Religion (Methodist)
You were absolutely right (imho) to remove the text from the above article, and I now know about wikisource as well :-) (Yes you might ask yourself how anybody could miss it but hey I did)

I obviously added hyperlinks (see old version Articles of Religion (Methodist) to the wrong place - but would they be appropriate on the wikisource article or is that not done.

Thanks in anticipation of advice - IcarusGeek 20:17, 5 September 2007 (BST)

WikBack
Welcome to the WikBack! I've just approved your registration, and I look forward to you contributing to the boards.

If you have no idea what this is about, or if you did not register, please contact me right away as the account may have been created by an imposter.

The Uninvited Co., Inc. 21:41, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Lifetime
Template:Lifetime has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. — Magioladitis (talk) 01:23, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Deletion?
Hi, I was just wondering why exactly you decided to remove my addition to the article for "Don't Worry Baby". Is it because the version I spoke of has not come out yet? If so, why is that grounds for deletion? Just trying to understand a little better, as I'm pretty new around here. Thanks. Pkmntrainerred (talk) 05:26, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

question about the Gens Aemilia
I'm currently making a family tree for the Julian-Claudian dynasty with over 100 names, as I want to to include some related families, too. As you noticed yourself, the gens aemilia is very confusing. In the English Wikipedia, Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus is said to have two sons, one would be the father of Varus' wife Claudia Pulchra and the other of Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 1) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 6). Both are said to have the same praenomen: Lucius - isn't it totally weird to name two (surviving sons) like this? Which source says Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus had two sons and not only one as stated in the German wikipedia (Paullus Aemilius Lepidus). Here they also say that Claudia Pulchra wouldn't belong to the gens aemilia, but the daughter of Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus. Fulcher (talk) 09:28, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Brian Giovannini
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Brian Giovannini, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern:
 * Notability not verified. All Google hits for ""Brian Giovannini" "postage due"" appear to be mirrors of the Wikipedia article, or self-published sources such as wikis. The impressive number of mirrors is due to the article's creation date: 2003...

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Edcolins (talk) 19:00, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Brian Giovannini
An article that you have been involved in editing, Brian Giovannini, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Brian Giovannini. Thank you.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Edcolins (talk) 20:03, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your attention to Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes History2007 (talk) 11:54, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

AfD
I've nominated List of former Jews, List of former Christians, and List of former Muslims together for deletion: Articles for deletion/List of former Jews.Kitfoxxe (talk) 16:31, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Hi! A request for your input
Per wp:CANVASSING, this is a neutrally worded notice being sent, without any type of "selection" bias, to everyone that edited fairly recently the MOS page about how to term the Latter Day Saints denominations on Wikipedia in the belief that your various and collective expertise or expertises, if that's a plural, can help us improve its wording, if possible. a bit. The most pertinent section is here. And the issue is to what degree the terms "Mormon church" and "LDS church" relate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in specific, and to what kind of sourcing should be used to document this. Thanks, if you find time and the interest to look into the matter and offer your opinion or commentary.--Hodgson-Burnett's Secret Garden (talk) 23:32, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

Suspension of admin privileges due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative privileges of users who have been inactive for one year, meaning administrators who have made neither any edits nor any logged actions in over one year. As a result of this discussion, your administrative privileges have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these privileges reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. RL0919 (talk) 22:16, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

- Ichthus is the newsletter of Christianity on Wikipedia • It is published by WikiProject Christianity For submissions contact the Newsroom • To unsubscribe add yourself to the list here
 * From the Editor
 * What are You doing For Lent?
 * Fun and Exciting Contest Launched
 * Spotlight on WikiProject Catholicism

Notice of change
Hello. You are receiving this message because of a [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Administrators&oldid=526254016#Restoration_of_the_tools_.28proposal.29 recent change] to the administrator policy that alters what you were told at the time of your desysopping. The effect of the change is that if you are inactive for a continuous three year period, you will be unable to request return of the administrative user right. This includes inactive time prior to your desysopping if you were desysopped for inactivity and inactive time prior to the change in policy. Inactivity is defined as the absence of edits or logged actions. Until such time as you have been inactive for three years, you may request return of the tools at the bureaucrats' noticeboard. After you have been inactive for three years, you may seek return of the tools only through WP:RFA. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 00:20, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:12, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Lifetime
Template:Lifetime has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. ~ RobTalk 06:08, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Line of rulers
Template:Line of rulers has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 02:14, 30 September 2017 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
 Happy Birthday! Have a very happy birthday on your special day!

Best wishes, CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 07:10, 28 November 2019 (UTC)

"Adlib" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Adlib. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 November 9 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Robert McClenon (talk) 23:29, 9 November 2021 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
 Wishing Rholton a very happy birthday on behalf of the Birthday Committee!   Chris Troutman  ( talk ) 19:31, 28 November 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rholton


text:
Supermoto

Supermoto is a form of motorcycle racing held on race tracks that alternate between three kinds of track surfaces: the hard packed dirt of flat track, the irregular jumps and obstacles of motocross, and the paved tarmac of road racing. Supermoto was originally conceived by Gavin Trippe in 1979 as a segment of the TV show Wide World of Sports. It was something like an all-star game, in which the best riders from the three separate genres of motorcycle racing could temporarily leave their normal race class to come together and compete for the title of best all around racer. Today supermoto is a distinct genre of its own and riders in the other classes do not routinely cross over into supermoto.

Races are commonly held on road racing or medium-sized go-kart tracks with an off-road section in the infield. Most supermoto race tracks have a tarmac size of 50-75% and the remaining percentage of the course is off-road. The dirt sections are usually constructed of packed clay and feature motocross style obstacles like bermed corners and jumps. This type of racing is also very portable in that an entire track can be constructed anywhere there is a large area of open asphalt and an availability of dirt. Supermoto races have also been successfully held in busy urban centers using closed city streets for the road course and a vacant lot for the dirt sections.

The motorcycles used are frequently custom-created combinations of off-road motorcycles and road-racing wheels/tires, known as 'supermotard' bikes. Riders also wear a combination of road race and offroad equipment, normally road racing leathers and motocross helmets and boots. Unlike normal motorcycle racing, the emphasis lies on slower speeds—typically less than 100 mph— on short, technical tracks. Here, where flat-out acceleration and high top-speeds are less common, rider skill can more easily overcome a disparity in machine performance.

History
Supermoto has its origins in the 1970s when ABC’s Wide World of Sports was the highest-rated sports show in the United States. In 1979, ABC commissioned a made-for-TV event called "Superbikers," created by motorcycling journalist and promoter Gavin Trippe, intended to find the ultimate all-around motorcycle racer by putting all star riders from different genres of racing on a single track that combined three genres of racing: flat track racing, motocross and road racing. Superbikers was then manifested as a yearly event run at southern California's Carlsbad Raceway. The show's tarmac-and-dirt courses were intended to draw on talent from the worlds of off-road, flat track and road racing. World and National Championship-winning motorcycling greats such as Kenny Roberts and Jeff Ward, whose respective sports at the time were road-racing and motocross, participated in the races. The Superbikers quickly became a huge Nielsen ratings contender, running until 1985, at which point ABC was forced to cancel the show due to new management and cuts; its cancellation also initiated a long sabbatical of the sport in the USA.

The European racers who participated in the sport at Carlsbad, however, brought it back to Europe with them, where it quickly gained popularity in countries such as France.

The 2000s signalled the resurrection of the sport in the United States, with the birth of the AMA Supermoto Championship in 2003 and with the event to the X Games in 2004. Both competitions were cancelled after the 2009 season.

The American Flat Track series in 2019 announced the Daytona International Speedway TT round to be held during Bike Week will become a Supermoto-style tarmac and dirt course. The motorcycles will ride up the 18-degree tri-oval (tarmac) before going to the traditional TT-style racing on dirt with the esses and jump. The Arizona round, which moved from Turf Paradise (mile) to the off-road track at Wild Horse Pass Motorsports Park, was billed as the Super TT, and featured an all-dirt race similar to Superbikers. Ward raced, in his 50s, at both the Daytona and Arizona Supermoto-style rounds.

The Supermoto World Championship was born in 2002 in a unique free displacement category. The first to win a world title is the French rider Thierry Van Den Bosch. Since 2006 there has been the mono-tyre, initially run by Dunlop, then Goldentyre in 2010 and Michelin in 2016. Since 2004 it has been divided into several classes, and since 2010 it has been raced in a single S1 class again.

Machines
Prior to the 1990s, supermoto bikes, including the precursor motorcycles used in Superbikers, were converted open-class two-stroke motocross or enduro bikes desired for their light weight and jumping abilities. The motorcycles currently used for supermoto racing are predominantly single-cylinder four-stroke-powered dirtbikes with 17 in, sometimes with 16.5 in front wheels. The 17 in wheels allow the use of up to 7.0 in superbike road racing slick tires. These are often hand-grooved on the rear tire to facilitate slightly better acceleration on the dirt stretches of a supermoto course. Suspension is lowered and slightly stiffened in comparison with a stock dirt bike, and braking power is improved with oversize front brake rotors and calipers. Despite the lack of trees on supermoto courses, hand guards are frequently added to supermoto bikes due to the extreme cornering angles achieved by riders. Hand guards also greatly improve survivability of the brake & clutch levers during a fall making supermoto bikes highly crash resistant and often able to quickly re-enter the fray during a race following a crash.

In 1991, Italian manufacturer Gilera released the Nordwest model, the first factory-produced supermoto. Other European manufactures quickly followed suit, among them KTM, Husqvarna, Husaberg and CCM; all manufacturers whose emphasis were off-road models at the time. Models were developed for both track and road use. It took another ten years, until the mid-2000s for Japanese manufacturers, such as Yamaha (2004), Honda (2005) and Suzuki (2005) to start introducing supermoto models in the European market. The Italian factory TM Racing in Pesaro has started to produce a supermoto MX450F (2008) with the aluminum frame and racing character. Most of the supermoto bikes sold to the public are more domesticated models for road use rather than outright racing, for example the Suzuki DR-Z400SM.

Due to the popularity, versatility, excitement and durability of these motorcycles, some owners modify them for street use. In order to do this, headlights, tail lights, horn, mirrors and street-legal tires among other occasional modifications are needed. Some state motor vehicle departments take a dim view of turning off-road bikes into street legal bikes, such as California, which requires an on-road emissions designation from the manufacturer. In countries like South Africa it is not possible to convert a dirt bike to road legal, as the bike is registered as a recreational vehicle. In Europe, most Supermotos are sold street legal from the factory and later tuned for race use. Supermoto type bikes, sometimes described as motards, make excellent city-goers as their upright seating position provides great visibility in traffic. Their narrow frames and light weight also make them incredibly maneuverable, as well as easier to ride on less than ideal road surfaces that force most sportbike riders to slow down.

A number of manufacturers continue to tap into the popularity of supermoto bikes and currently produce models. Examples include: KTM 640 LC4 Supermoto, KTM 690 SMC R, KTM 450 SMR, Husqvarna FS450, Husqvarna 701 Supermoto, Suzuki DR-Z400 SM, Ducati Hypermotard 939/950, Yamaha WR250X, Honda CRF450, Zero FXS, Aprilia SXV550, Kawasaki KLX300 SM, and the TM Racing SMX 450Fi 4T.

title: Supermoto