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Pioneering (scouting)

Pioneering is the art of using ropes and wooden spars joined by lashings and knots to create a structure. Pioneering can be used for constructing small items such as camp gadgets up to larger structures such as bridges and towers. These may be recreational, decorative, or functional.

Pioneering is used to teach practical skills, teamwork and problem solving. It is widely used in Scouting and Girl Guiding. Many Scout and Guide groups train their members in pioneering skills and construct projects, both small and large. In camp, they may construct functional items like tables, camp dressers and gadgets, as well as decorative camp gateways. Pioneering is a common merit badge in many countries, and was required for the Eagle Scout rank in the 1920s and 1930s.

The name comes from the 18th and 19th century military engineers who went ahead of an army to "pioneer" a route, which could involve building bridges and towers with rope and timber (for example the Royal Pioneer Corps).

Pioneering skills include knot tying (tying ropes together), lashing (tying spars together with rope), whipping (binding the end of a rope with thin twine), splicing (joining or binding the end of a rope using its own fibres), and skills related to the use, care and storage of ropes, spars and related pioneering equipment.

History
Pioneering was initially adopted into the structure of the Boy Scouts of America's (BSA) by Lord Robert Baden-Powell, who was influenced by the Sons of Daniel Boone. Daniel Beard, the founder of the Sons of Daniel Boone, founded his organization to keep the pioneer spirit alive after the closing of the American frontier in 1890. Daniel Beard later became a founding member of the Boy Scouts of America upon its inception in 1910. Baden-Powell kept the pioneer spirit teachings of the Sons of Daniel Boone as a way to instill structure and honor the tradition of the American frontier.

Girl Scouts and Girl Guides in Pioneering
Both the Girl Guides Association in England and the Girl Scouts of America similarly adopted pioneering as a skill-building activity in their program upon its inception. The Girl Guides Association in England was founded in 1910 after Robert Baden-Powell asked his sister, Agnes Baden-Powell, for help starting an organization similar to his Boy Scouts, for girls. In the same spirit, Juliette Gordon Lowe, a friend of the Baden-Powell's, founded the Girl Scouts of America shortly thereafter in 1912. Both of these programs, modeled after the original spirit of the Boy Scouts of America, adopted its emphasis on pioneering as well.

Basic knots
There are a number of basic knots used in pioneering:

There are also a number of specialized pioneering knots that are used to add safety and functionality to pioneering projects:
 * Bowline
 * Clove hitch
 * Reef knot
 * Sheet bendSquare lashings.jpg]]
 * Timber hitch
 * Common whipping

 * Butterfly Loop
 * Carrick Bend
 * Rolling hitch
 * Roundturn and Two Half Hitches

Basic lashings
Pioneering uses these basic lashings as a foundation upon which to build. Using these key lashings, countless pioneering projects can be created.
 * Square lashing: Bind poles that cross each other at any angle from 45° to 90°
 * Diagonal lashing: Secures two poles together at the point in which they cross, but are not initially touching
 * Round lashing: Used to join two poles together to extend their length
 * Sheer lashing: (also spelled Shear Lashing) Joins two poles in a scissors shape, to be spread out, most often to form the legs of an A-frame
 * Floor lashing: Secures poles lying down in a straight line to form a deck or a "floor"
 * Tripod lashing: (also known as a Figure of Eight Lashing) Is used to connect three or more spars together to form a self standing structure such as a tripod or quadpod.

Pioneering structures
These basic structures are the building blocks for a number of pioneering projects:
 * A-Frame: Forms the basis of many tower structures. A-frames are constructed using a round lashing for the two poles forming the "A" and a horizontal pole across to maintain stability. The horizontal pole of the A-frame also makes a convenient springing point for a deck to form a table-top. Tied using either diagonal or square lashings.
 * Trestle: Forms the modular element for building bridges and towers. Also used as a 'chariot' for inter-patrol Boy Scout chariot races. Tied using diagonal and/or square lashings.
 * Tripod: Forms a sturdy and versatile base for pioneering projects. To secure the structure, cross braces are usually attached to the legs of the tripods. Tied using a tripod lashing.
 * Quadpod (colloquial): Forms a sturdy base upon which to build. A tripod with four legs. Tied using a figure of eight lashing- a tripod lashing, but with an extra pole.

Pioneering projects

 * Aerial runways
 * Ballistae
 * Benches
 * Bridges
 * Camp gadgets
 * Camp gateways
 * Catapults
 * Chairs
 * Chippewa Kitchens
 * Dressers
 * Entrance Ways
 * Ferris Wheel
 * Flagpoles
 * Fences
 * Ferris Wheels
 * Merry-Go-Rounds
 * Rafts
 * See Saws
 * Swing Sets
 * Swinging Ships
 * Tables
 * Towers
 * Trebuchets
 * Tacky Taun-Taun

title: Pioneering (scouting)


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User:Jacques2

hello there

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Jacques2


text:
Talk:Kallisti

Rewrote this stub. Scooter 02:14, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kallisti


text:
Drive time

Drive time is the daypart in which radio broadcasters can reach the most people who listen to car radios while driving, usually to and from work, or on public transportation. Drive-time periods are when the number of radio listeners in this class is at its peak and, thus, commercial radio can generate the most revenue from advertising. Drive time usually coincides with rush hour.

Content
Mainstream stations employ high-status presenters for drive time shows. In the United States, popular national hosts who are associated with morning drive include Howard Stern, Ryan Seacrest and Steve Inskeep, while Sean Hannity is associated with afternoon drive on the East Coast.

Drive time often includes a heavier run of traffic reports, for which many stations employ their own helicopters or hire a third-party traffic reporting service.

For popular music-oriented stations, morning drive-time is typically dominated by the "morning zoo" genre of radio program, with the afternoon portion is often given over to music (often in commercial-free blocks, especially in markets with long commute times) and light entertainment features. For talk radio stations, drive time is characterized by regular news updates, as well as extremely frequent updates on traffic and weather forecasts to help commuters get to and from work. Primary news radio stations are almost always local during this time period.

Variations
In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term drive time is used almost exclusively to refer to the peak evening period (most commonly 16:00–19:00); the term used for the period of peak morning listening is breakfast, akin to the phrase breakfast television used for morning TV shows. In circumstances where the phrase drive time may be ambiguous, the term home time may also be used for afternoon drive.

In the United States drive time consists of the morning hours when listeners wake up, get ready, and head to work or school, and the afternoon hours when they are heading home and before their evening meal. The exact times vary: morning drive times typically include 6–10 a.m.; afternoon drive times typically include 3–7 p.m. In the United States, these are the time slots as defined by Nielsen Audio for audience measurement.

With the rise of podcasting since the early 2000s, many morning shows also post their daily episodes online with now-superfluous news and traffic segments edited out, which are not restricted to drive time and can be listened to at a listener's leisure. This does come with the loss of interactivity outside of listener questions which are screened for the next show.

Drive time programming is almost exclusively restricted to during the work week. On weekends, because driving habits are much less uniform, lower profile programs typically air in the respective time slots, usually "best-of" compilations of moments from the station's morning show through the past week, other niche syndicated programming, or brokered programming. Sunday mornings usually feature faith and religious programming, including live broadcasts of local church services or public service programming.

Multiple time zones
Depending on the station, morning drive can start as early as 5 a.m. local time, although rarely any earlier. Because the contiguous United States, Canada, and Mexico span four to seven time zones, what constitutes drive time on one coast does not broadcast in drive time on the other, which can cause issues for nationally syndicated programs; this is not as much of an issue in morning drive, which usually incorporates a tape delay to air at the same time in all time zones, as it is for afternoon drive. However this effectively means that morning shows are heavily New York or East Coast–centric to allow time-shifting in all time zones, with some Central Time Zone shows making some additional headway. For all intents and purposes though, morning shows originating west of the Rockies must additionally plan to be mid-morning offerings for the rest of the country and adjust accordingly to be office-appropriate for those stations which take the shows in the east. National satellite networks typically air their morning drive programs from 6–11 a.m. Eastern Time, with heavy repetition. A similar situation exists in Russia, which spans nine time zones. This issue is mitigated somewhat in Canada and Mexico, where most drive time programs are local and are unaffected by these problems.

These issues are not present in the United Kingdom or New Zealand, where the entire country is in the same time zone. In Australia, there is a two-hour time zone difference between the eastern and western coasts; and three time zones; however, other than Greater Perth, most of the country's population is located in the southern and eastern portions of the country, and its time zones are only a half-hour apart.

title: Drive time


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User talk:Jacques2

Hello Jacques2! Welcome to the 'pedia. :)

Good starting place is here if you haven't seen it yet. - Hephaestos 02:17, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Erika Steinbach
List of people you contributed to Erika Steinbach article seems to be distortion of the facts. Please explain on Talk page. Thanks Wikimol 06:44, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

The source is http://www.z-g-v.de/aktuelles/?id=31. See under "Menschen an unserer Seite" Jacques2

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title: User talk:Jacques2


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The Weekenders

The Weekenders (also known as Disney's The Weekenders) is an American animated television series created by Doug Langdale that ran on February 26, 2000, with the last episode airing on February 29, 2004, spanning four seasons. It centers on the weekend life of four 12-year-old 7th graders: Tino, Lor, Carver, and Tish. The series originally aired on ABC (Disney's One Saturday Morning) and UPN (Disney's One Too), but was later moved to Toon Disney.

Premise
The Weekenders details the weekends of four best friends: Tino Tonitini (voiced by Jason Marsden), a friendly and ambitious Italian-American boy; Lorraine "Lor" MacQuarrie (voiced by Grey DeLisle), a hyperactive and dull-witted Scottish-American girl; Carver René Descartes (voiced by Phil LaMarr), a vain and materialistic African-American boy who is of Haitian descent; and Petratishkovna "Tish" Katsufrakis (voiced by Kath Soucie), a highly intelligent and bibliophilic Jewish-American girl of Eastern European descent (the fictional country where she was born is identified throughout the series simply as "the Old Country"). Every episode is set over the course of a weekend, with little to no mentions of school life. Friday sets up the adventure of the episode, Saturday escalates/develops it, and the climatic third act happens on Sunday. The implied "ticking clock" is used to signify the characters running out of time and the problem must be solved before going back to school Monday.

Tino serves as a narrator of each episode, providing his own insight into what he's experiencing as well as his friends, and will sum up the moral of the story at the end, always ending with a sign off of, "Later days".

A running gag in most episodes is that when the group goes out for pizza, the restaurant they go to has a different theme each time, such as a prison, where each table is its own cell, or the American Revolution, where the waiters look like the Founding Fathers and give rousing speeches about the pizzas.

Production
The show was known for its distinctive animation style, similar to Nickelodeon's shows produced by Klasky-Csupo such as Rocket Power and As Told by Ginger, and also for being one of the few animated series where characters' outfits change from episode to episode. The series takes place in the fictional city of Bahia Bay, California ("Bahia" is Spanish for "bay"), which is based on San Diego, California where the creator lived.

Theme music
The show's theme song, "Livin' for the Weekend", was performed by Wayne Brady and written by Wayne Brady and Roger Neill.

Broadcast and home media
The Weekenders premiered on February 26, 2000, as part of Disney's One Saturday Morning on ABC. From 2001 to 2002, it also aired as part of Disney's One Too on UPN on Sunday mornings. In September 2002, the series moved to Toon Disney, and new episodes began airing on October 19, 2003, finishing on February 29, 2004.

Reruns of the series continued to air on Toon Disney from 2004 to 2006, and also on Disney Channel in 2003.

In the United States, the entire series is now available on DVD on two volume sets sold exclusively through the Disney Movie Club, which makes The Weekenders the first Disney animated television show to have a full release on DVD. Due to the first-sale doctrine in the United States, the discs can be legally resold and are regularly available from sellers on eBay and other similar sites. As of February 2024 the series is not available for streaming on Disney+.

Critical reception
The Weekenders has received very positive reviews from critics and fans for its solid writing, upbeat energy and multi-dimensional characters.

Ratings
TV Guide called The Weekenders as "the show that killed Pokémon", because ABC stole the ratings when they aired it at 10:00 am – the same time Pokémon aired on Kids' WB. In addition, Variety reported that The Weekenders took the number one rating on Saturday morning television, which knocked off Pokémon from its 54 consecutive weeks as the top spot.

title: The Weekenders


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I quatro rusteghi

I quatro rusteghi (The Four Curmudgeons, The Four Ruffians, in Edward J. Dent's translation School for Fathers, also translated by James Benner as Foolish Fathers ) is a comic opera in three acts, music by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari to a libretto by Luigi Sugana and Giuseppe Pizzolato based on Carlo Goldoni's 18th-century play I rusteghi. The opera is written in Venetian dialect, hence "quatro" instead of "quattro".

Performance history
The opera was first performed as Die vier Grobiane in German at the Hoftheater in Munich on 19 March 1906. Its first performance in Italian was on 2 June 1914 at the Teatro Lirico in Milan under Ettore Panizza. The work was first performed in the United States by the New York City Opera on 19 October 1951 with Laszlo Halasz conducting. Wolf-Ferrari's most successful full-length work, it is still regularly performed.

Synopsis
The action takes place in 18th century Venice.

Four curmudgeonly husbands vainly attempt to keep their women in order. The women decide to teach their menfolk a lesson by allowing Lunardo's daughter Lucieta to see Filipeto, the son of Maurizio, before their pre-arranged marriage, even though the men have forbidden this.

title: I quatro rusteghi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Student Pugwash USA

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of a page entitled Talk:Student Pugwash USA.

Further comments should be made on the talk page rather than here as this page is kept as an historic record.

'''The result of the debate was to delete the page as it was an inappropriate use of a talk page. 6 votes to delete, 2 abstain, only original author voted to keep. However, the original content has been removed and replaced with information more relevant to a talk page, so there was no 'hard delete' of the page.'''

 * Talk:Student Pugwash USA. As I just said in the mailing list, I normally don't object to things on Talk pages, but this is an exception.  RickK 03:44, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Can you expand a little on your resons for objection? Anjouli 05:22, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a chat room. RickK 04:18, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. It looks like the author of Student Pugwash USA used the talk page of the article as a forum for some of the org's members to review a proposed "mission statement". Accepting this would not be a good precedent. Wikipedia is not a discussion forum. (oops, forgot to sign. This is my comment. Anthropos 13:38, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC))
 * I abstain. Seems a worthy cause and there are worse things happening on WP. I agree it should be discouraged, but I would not go so far as to delete.Anjouli 13:28, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. Can you say off-label use of Wikipedia?  Daniel Quinlan
 * Delete. Clear abuse of the talk page for non-article related purpose. If for some strange reason someone thinks this should be kept, imagine the terrible precedent it would set. Maximus Rex 04:22, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete Abstain. I left a note on the creator's talk page, so maybe that will help... -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 03:11, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ortonmc 05:00, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * KEEP! Dear RickK, Ortonmc et al.: There is no clear Deletion Policy guidance with respect to what is acceptable or not on talk pages. Wikipedia's own Purpose of Talk Pages article (which I recommend be linked from the Deletion_Policy page) indicates that our discussion was clearly within the scope of what a Wikipedia talk page should do:
 * 1) As noted from the outset of the Student Pugwash talk page, the purpose of the discussing therein was precisely to "improve the contents of the main page" and to provide "commentary on the main page".
 * 2) The entire dialog on that page is about how to better frame the mission statement for this 20 year-old organization. Consensus on this talk page (just on as operates on wikipedia as a whole) will result in an update of the wiki article it is talking about -- i.e., to revise the mission statement expressed in that article. Thus, this dialog also directly meets Wiki's Talk_Page standard for "arguments relevant to changing the text".
 * 3)If it is the cultural concept of framing that concensus in terms of a "memo" which offends Ortonmc, I can remove all reference to the term "memo," but please keep the overall discussion intact. The alternative of censorship is counter to Wikipedia's intent of allowing for pertinent (inoffensive) free speech on an article's Talk page, including "commentary on the main page."
 * People discussing clarifying communication about the subject of a wikipedia article is clearly within the scope of what a Talk_Page is expected to do. I urge my fellow "wikipeople" not to err on the side of censorship with regards to such communication.
 * Thank for your thoughtful consideration of this matter. Dann 14:00 to 16:30, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Hmmm... I'm not sure why I got singled out by name here, as I was by no means the first one to bring this up. But I feel bound to respond now.  (I'm speaking for myself here.  Et al are going to have to voice their own opinions.)
 * It appears Dann and I have different impressions of various things. Granted, Deletion Policy isn't crystal clear about talk pages.  If it were, there would be no need for this discussion.
 * I do not agree that the discussion on Talk:Student Pugwash USA is "clearly within the scope of what a Wikipedia talk page should do." It may be clear to Dann, but it's not at all clear to me.  As I see it, the guiding principle is this simple statement in talk page:  "Talk about the article, not about the subject."  In the discussion on Talk:Student Pugwash USA, the article is not mentioned, except briefly to say if changes are made by the organization it will be reflected in the Wikipedia article.  The discussion is entirely about SPUSA itself.
 * I think it's incorrect to assert that the purpose of the discussion was to "improve the contents of the main page." It looks as if the purpose of the discussion was to effect a change in the SPUSA organization.  Improving the main page is more of a side-effect.
 * It's not a question of censorship. Nobody here wants to stifle the discussion on the subject.  It's just that Wikipedia isn't the place for the discussion.  I'd suggest setting up a Yahoo group or something.  It seems like the kind of thing they'd be good for.   Ortonmc 01:38, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * I would just add that improving the mission statement of the organization has absolutly nothing to do with improving the article. If the organization's mision statement changes, then it could result in a change to the article. But even if the mission statement went from pitiful to brilliant, it would have no effect on the quality of the article, because the quality of the article is not in any way dependent upon the quality of the mission statement. -Anthropos 01:45, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I misunderstand the intent of a Wikitalk page -- my understanding from what I read at (check it out) seems to indicate an intent to breathe life into the overall process of developing a Wikipedia article.
 * IM[H]O, What makes Wikipedia different than a "traditional" encyclopedia is not just the community authorship, but also the opportunity to use the Talk pages to collaborate and innovate.
 * The express purpose of the discussion here, as previously mentioned, was to explore and refine the essential description of this organization (i.e., its mission statement). This has direct bearing on the article itself. I firmly believe that a description of an organization's mission, i.e., its purpose, should be part of an encyclopedia's article on a given organization. Could you imagine describing the UN High Commission for Refugees without stating its purpose? (It's the very first sentence of that wikipedia article.)
 * If community consensus on that purpose were evolving (just as a wiki article does) isn't Wikipedia an ideal medium to explore, document and clarify such evolution before inclusion in the article itself?
 * Further, as our total dialog here nearly exceeds the length of the talk itself, are we really contributing to anything substantive in this "delete" discussion or just blowing off steam and wasting time regarding a benign (or perhaps even innovative and beneficial?) use of wiki's functionality?
 * Finally, the fact that wikipedia's policy sanctions this use of the talk page - given evidence and citations I presented above - it seems bizarre that a few people's impressions should override such policies. If the policy is unacceptable, update the policy. Otherwise, attacks voiced on this page appear arbitrary and capricious -- a hedgemony of the most active, not aligned with or supported by any Wikipedia usage statements nor any rule of law. Such hedgemony for censorship does not bode well for an information service which thrives upon the contributions of many enthusiastic volunteers. - Dann 04:05, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Dann, could you please explain how changing the Pugwash USA mission statement will help to improve the article, or Wikipedia? -Anthropos 16:22, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The discussion appears to be about changing the mission statement, not changing the article's description of the group's mission. Tuf-Kat 03:04, Dec 15, 2003 (UTC)

 * Anthropos says "Talk about the article, not about the subject" and I must agree with that. However it's a rule that's much abused. There are any number of remarks about the subject itself on talk pages. But they are mostly brief asides. I think what's different here is the volume of text, and I'm sorry Dann, but I think it could be the thin end of the wedge if everybody is allowed to do it. WP does not have infinite bandwidth or storage resources and they must be mostly concentrated on the core task. In the interests of peace and harmony, I hope you will now voluntarily move the text to a more suitable host, perhaps a Yahoo group. Nothing to stop you from linking to such a group from the Talk (or main) page. Anjouli 16:59, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Dann To respond to Anthropos: Any change in the mission should be reflected in the article, otherwise the article would no longer correctly reflect the organization and its purpose. Meanwhile, I understand the community has spoken - I don't agree with you, nor do I feel like Wikipedia's stated rules provide sufficient justification for your verdict - but you guys are the cultural establishment here and I am the newbie. So, I'll respect your verdict, back down and take it somewhere else.  Finally, I am not clear to what extent I have the authorization to erase what other people have freely contributed to the "talk" page. Could someone please provide clarification/guidance to me? (I.e., just because I agree to remove the stuff doesn't mean the others do nor that I have the right to delete their contributions.)  Thanks to Brian for his efforts at making this a more civil process and to Anjouli for being so kind as to suggest I take care of this voluntarily instead of its forced deletion from on high. ~ Dann 7:00, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC) PS: After contributing 4 new articles and many edits to WP in my first month, I've found this dogpile (the process if not the result) has put a damper on my enthusiasm for contributing to Wikipedia in the future.

Regretfully, Dann 8:00, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Dann As I was editing this talk page over the past hour to reflect your collective will, it was deleted. Given my previous conciliatory message (above), I find this highly disrespectful. I am posting the text I'd prepared to my own page, with hopes that someone will either place this text at Talk:Student_Pugwash_USA or else inform me of having restored my ability to do so.

WP, like the world, is a constant struggle between persons of different intellect and intent. Sometimes the disrespectful are more pro-active. But you can always Revert! I think you have shown yourself to be intelligent and responsible, even if you disagree with the majority opinion in some cases. I hope you stay with WP. Anjouli 17:15, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)


text:
Johnny Nash

John Lester Nash Jr. (August 19, 1940 –October 6, 2020) was an American singer and songwriter, best known in the United States for his 1972 hit "I Can See Clearly Now". Primarily a reggae and pop singer, he was one of the first non-Jamaican artists to record reggae music in Kingston.

Early life
Nash was born on August 19, 1940, in Houston, Texas, the son of Eliza (Armstrong) and John Lester Nash. He sang in the choir at Progressive New Hope Baptist Church in South Central Houston as a child. Beginning in 1953, Nash sang covers of R&B hits on Matinee, a local variety show on KPRC-TV; from 1956 he sang on Arthur Godfrey's radio and television programs for a seven-year period. Nash was married three times, and had two children.

1950s
Signing with ABC-Paramount, Nash made his major label debut in 1957 with the single "A Teenager Sings the Blues". He had his first chart hit in early 1958 with a cover of Doris Day's "A Very Special Love". Marketed as a rival to Johnny Mathis, Nash also enjoyed success as an actor early in his career, appearing in the screen version of playwright Louis S. Peterson's Take a Giant Step in 1959. Nash won a Silver Sail Award for his performance from the Locarno International Film Festival. Nash continued releasing singles on a variety of labels such as Groove, Chess, Argo, and Warner Bros. The song "The Teen Commandments" by Paul Anka, George Hamilton IV, and Johnny Nash reached #14 on Canada's CHUM Charts, December 15, 1958.

1960s
Nash sang the theme song to the syndicated animated cartoon series The Mighty Hercules, which ran on various television stations from 1963 to 1966.

In 1964, Nash and manager Danny Sims formed JoDa Records in New York. JoDa released The Cowsills' single "All I Really Want to Be Is Me". Although JoDa filed for bankruptcy after only two years, Nash and Sims moved on to marketing American singers to Jamaica, owing to the low cost of recording in that country.

In 1965, Nash had a top five hit in the US Billboard R&B chart, the ballad "Let's Move and Groove Together". It was just outside the Top 40 in Canada at #44. That year, he and Sims moved to Jamaica. Their lawyer Newton Willoughby was the father of Jamaican radio host Neville Willoughby. After selling off his old entertainment assets in New York, Sims opened a new music publishing business in Jamaica, Cayman Music. Nash planned to try breaking the local rocksteady sound in the United States. Around 1966 or 1967, Neville Willoughby took Nash to a Rastafarian party where Bob Marley & The Wailing Wailers were performing. Members Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, and Rita Marley introduced Nash to the local music scene. Nash signed all four to an exclusive publishing contract with Cayman Music for J$50 a week.

In 1967, Nash, Arthur Jenkins, and Sims collaborated to create a new label, JAD Records (after their first names Johnny, Arthur, and Danny), and recorded their albums at Federal Records in Kingston. JAD released Nash's rocksteady single "Hold Me Tight" in 1968; it became a top-five hit in both the U.S. and UK, and number 1 in Canada. The record sold well in Argentina. According to the January 25 issue of Cash Box, both Nash's version and a version by Anthony Swete were selling strongly. It was charting alongside a version by Anthony Swete in the Argentina's Best Sellers chart.

1970s
In 1971, Nash scored another UK hit with his cover of Marley's "Stir It Up".

Nash's 1972 reggae-influenced single "I Can See Clearly Now" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. in November 1972. "I Can See Clearly Now" reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 4, 1972, and remained atop the chart for four weeks, spending the same four weeks atop the adult contemporary chart. The I Can See Clearly Now album includes four original Marley compositions published by JAD: "Guava Jelly", "Comma Comma", "You Poured Sugar on Me", and the follow-up hit "Stir It Up". "There Are More Questions Than Answers" was a third hit single taken from the album.

Nash was also a composer for the Swedish romance film Want So Much to Believe (1971), in which he portrayed 'Robert'. The movie soundtrack, partly instrumental reggae with strings, was co-composed by Bob Marley and arranged by Fred Jordan.

JAD Records ceased to exist in 1971, but it was revived in 1997 by American Marley specialist Roger Steffens and French musician and producer Bruno Blum for the Complete Bob Marley & the Wailers 1967–1972 ten-album series, for which several of the Nash-produced Marley and Tosh tracks were mixed or remixed by Blum for release. In the UK, his biggest hit was with the song "Tears on My Pillow" which reached number one in the UK Singles Chart in July 1975 for one week.

After a cover of Sam Cooke's "Wonderful World" in 1976 and "Let's Go Dancing" in 1979, for many years Nash seemed to have dropped out of sight.

1980s–1990s
Nash had a brief resurgence in the mid-1980s with the album Here Again (1986), which was preceded by the minor UK hit, "Rock Me Baby". Younger audiences were introduced to Nash's music with the appearance of Jimmy Cliff's cover of "I Can See Clearly Now" in Disney's 1993 hit film Cool Runnings, and Nash's original version appeared over the opening scene of John Cusack's 1997 film, Grosse Point Blank.

2000s
In May 2006, Nash was singing again at SugarHill Recording Studios and at Tierra Studios in his native Houston. Working with SugarHill chief engineer Andy Bradley and Tierra Studios' Randy Miller, he began the work of transferring analog tapes of his songs from the 1970s and 1980s to Pro Tools digital format.

Acting
Nash has four acting credits in film and television. In 1959, he had the lead role as Spencer Scott in Take a Giant Step, directed by Philip Leacock, one of the first black family films written by a black writer. In 1960, he appeared as "Apple" alongside Dennis Hopper in the crime drama Key Witness. In 1971, he played Robert in the Swedish romance Vill så gärna tro.

Death
Nash died of natural causes in his home, surrounded by close family in Houston on October 6, 2020, after a period of declining health. He was 80.

Albums
Source: AllMusic

Compilations
Source: AllMusic

Soundtrack
Nash sang the theme song for the television cartoon series The Mighty Hercules, which aired in first-run syndication from 1963 to 1966.

Singles
Source: AllMusic

title: Johnny Nash


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User:ChagallGuevaraBoy

Chagall Guevara Boy is in fact Elias Joel Coblentz, a young comedian and musician. Inspired by the likes of Steve Taylor, Chagall Guevara, Bill Cosby, Jesus and Jim Gaffigan, Elias is one of the funniest youth around today. His rock band, LYF was going to go somewhere, but unfortunately split up. However, he has formed a band named BLT, which includes most of the same members of LYF and they are currently working on some covers of Steve Taylor and Chagall Guevara, even though Elias is currently in college and unattained.

title: User:ChagallGuevaraBoy


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Papa John Creach

John Henry Creach (May 28, 1917 – February 22, 1994), better known as Papa John Creach, was an American blues violinist who also played classical, jazz, R&B, pop and acid rock music. Early in his career, he performed as a journeyman musician with Louis Armstrong, Fats Waller, Stuff Smith, Charlie Christian, Big Joe Turner, T-Bone Walker, Nat King Cole and Roy Milton.

Following his rediscovery by drummer Joey Covington in 1967, he fronted a variety of bands (including Zulu and Midnight Sun) in addition to playing with Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna, Jefferson Starship, the San Francisco All-Stars (1979–1984), Dinosaurs (1982–1989) and Steve Taylor.

Creach recorded a number of solo albums and guested at several Grateful Dead and Charlie Daniels Band concerts. He was a regular guest at the early annual Volunteer Jams, hosted by Charlie Daniels, which exposed him to a new audience that was receptive to fiddle players.

Early life education
Creach was born in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. As a child, he was introduced to the violin by an uncle, and he received both tutoring in the instrument and conservatory training. Creach and his family moved to Chicago in 1935.

Career
Once he relocated to Chicago, the teenager began playing violin in bars. He performed some symphonic work when he was in his early 20s, which was unusual for a black musician at the time. At one point, he joined a local cabaret trio called the Chocolate Music Bars and toured the Midwest with them.

According to Creach, knowing how to play in a variety of styles was a necessity to survive as a musician in Chicago at the time: "[B]ecause of all the nationalities [there], I had to learn to play everything. At some jobs it was strictly German music, or Polish. Now, they used to dance and knock holes in the floor."

He had some difficulty in learning to play jazz violin, having to adjust his bowing technique, but was helped when he purchased an electric violin in 1943. Moving to Los Angeles in 1945, he played in the Chi Chi Club, worked on an ocean liner for five years, appeared in several films, including with Nat King Cole in Fritz Lang's The Blue Gardenia, and performed as a duo with Nina Russell.

Creach initially met and befriended drummer Joey Covington at a union hiring hall in Los Angeles in 1967. When Covington joined Jefferson Airplane in 1970, he introduced Creach to them. In autumn 1970, he was invited to join both Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna, Jorma Kaukonen and Jack Casady's side band. He remained with both groups while also recording and touring as a solo artist for Jefferson Airplane's Grunt Records. During this period, his backing band Zulu included guitarist Keb' Mo'.

Creach left Hot Tuna in 1973, but remained on board when Jefferson Airplane was reorganized as Jefferson Starship in 1974. He toured and recorded with Jefferson Starship from 1974 to 1975, a period that included platinum selling album Red Octopus (1975). In August 1975, Creach left the band to focus on his solo career. Nevertheless, he remained on amicable terms with the group and briefly returned as a touring member for the band's spring 1978 engagements.

A year later, Creach renewed his working relationship with Covington as a member of the San Francisco All-Stars. He also performed with Covington's Airplane predecessor Spencer Dryden as a member of Dinosaurs. Creach continued to make occasional guest appearances with Hot Tuna. He was performing with them at the Fillmore Auditorium in 1988 when Jack Casady and Jorma Kaukonen of Hot Tuna reunited with Paul Kantner and Grace Slick for the first time on stage since 1972.

In 1992, Creach joined Kantner as a member of the relaunched Jefferson Starship and performed with them until his death.

Personal life and demise
Creach succumbed to congestive heart failure on February 22, 1994. Creach had been suffering from a heart condition that had been causing continual fluid build-up in his lungs, resulting in bouts of pneumonia. He was 76 years old.

Jefferson Starship performed a benefit concert to raise money for his family after his death and released tracks from their performances as the album Deep Space/Virgin Sky.

Discography

 * First Pull Up, Then Pull Down – Hot Tuna (1971)
 * Bark – Jefferson Airplane (1971)
 * Sunfighter – Paul Kantner & Grace Slick (1971)
 * Papa John Creach (1971)
 * Burgers – Hot Tuna (1972)
 * Long John Silver – Jefferson Airplane (1972)
 * Filthy! (1972)
 * Thirty Seconds Over Winterland – Jefferson Airplane (1973)
 * Baron Von Tollbooth & the Chrome Nun – Paul Kantner, Grace Slick & David Freiberg (1973)
 * Playing My Fiddle for You (1974)
 * Dragon Fly – Jefferson Starship (1974)
 * Red Octopus – Jefferson Starship (1975)
 * I'm The Fiddle Man (1975)
 * Rock Father (1976)
 * The Cat and the Fiddle (1977)
 * Volunteer Jam III and IV – Charlie Daniels Band (1978)
 * Inphasion (1978)
 * Volunteer Jam VI – Charlie Daniels Band (1980)
 * Historic Live Tuna – Hot Tuna (1985)
 * I Predict 1990 – Steve Taylor (1987)
 * Papa Blues (1992)
 * Best of Papa John Creach (1994)
 * Long Branch Park 1983 (2011)

title: Papa John Creach


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Var

Var usually refers to Var (department), a department in Southern France. Var or VAR may also refer to:

Places

 * Var (river), France, which gave its name to the department
 * Vār, Iran, village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
 * Var, Iran (disambiguation), other places in Iran
 * Vár, a village in Obreja commune, Caraș-Severin County, Romania
 * Var, a village in Jibou town, Sălaj County, Romania
 * Var (Olt), a river in Harghita County, Romania
 * VAR, the IATA airport code for Varna Airport, Bulgaria

Mythology, arts and entertainment

 * Vár, a goddess in Norse mythology
 * Var or vara, an enclosure built by Jamshid (Yima) in Zoroastrian mythology
 * Var (poetry), a type of Punjabi poem
 * Var the Stick, a character of the Battle Circle trilogy by Piers Anthony

Science and technology

 * /var, a directory on Unix-like computer systems, see Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
 * , an HTML tag
 * Vacuum arc remelting (VAR), a process for production of steel and special alloys
 * Value-added reseller (VAR), an economic term primarily used in the technology industry
 * Variable (computer science), in programming languages
 * Variance, often represented Var(X), in statistics
 * Variety (botany) (var.), a taxonomic rank
 * Value at risk (VaR), in economics and finance
 * Vector autoregression (VAR), an econometric method of analysis
 * Visual Aural Radio Range (VAR), a radio navigation aid for aircraft
 * Volt-ampere reactive (var), a unit which is the imaginary counterpart of the watt

Sport

 * Video assistant referee (VAR), in association football (soccer)
 * Van Amersfoort Racing, an auto racing team based in the Netherlands

Other uses

 * Vara, an old Spanish and Portuguese unit of length; see Spanish customary units
 * Free Anti Revolutionary Party (Vrije Anti Revolutionaire partij), a former political party

title: Var


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User:Saulisagenius

Hello Wikipedians, here are some facts about myself I'd like to share with you:
 * Name Saul Taylor.
 * Location Auckland, New Zealand''.
 * Age ''19'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'.
 * Sex male.

Articles started by me

 * Bananaman
 * D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd
 * Generation Terrorists
 * Gold Against the Soul
 * Have I Got News For You episode list
 * List of BBC Radio 4 Programmes
 * Lipstick Traces (A Secret History Of The Manic Street Preachers)

Articles I've helped write

 * Horrible Histories
 * Manic Street Preachers
 * Mark Steel
 * The News Quiz

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 * This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it.

 * Warning: Spoilers follow

 * This page has been listed on Votes for deletion. Please see that page for justifications and discussion.

 * #REDIRECT article

Wikipedia pages
Pages needing attention, Cleanup, Votes for deletion,

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:Saulisagenius


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Genesis (Marvel Comics)

Genesis is the name of three separate fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first and most well known is Tyler Dayspring, a mutant and foe of Cable and Wolverine. He first appeared in a flashback in X-Force #1 (August 1991), and appeared as Mister Tolliver is in X-Force #5 (1992) and his first appearance as Genesis was in Cable #19. Some sources state that he is Cable's son, while others state that he is actually Cable's 'nephew' since his father was Stryfe.

The second genesis is a clone of En Sabah Nur raised in the virtual reality known as the World. Known as Evan Sabahnur, he first appeared in Uncanny X-Force #7.

The third Genesis is a female mutant and the long lost wife of Apocalypse. She first appeared in a drawing in Free Comic Book Day 2020 (X-Men/Dark Ages) #1 (2020), and made her full appearance in X-Men (Vol. 5) #12 and as Annihilation in X of Swords: Stasis #1 (2020).

Tyler Dayspring
Tyler Dayspring was born two thousand years in the future as the son of Nathan Summers and his wife Aliya Dayspring (though some accounts claim that Nathan was not the actual father and has adopted Tyler). He was raised by the Summers as part of the Askani Clan Chosen. As a young teenager, Tyler was abducted by the villain Stryfe and corrupted. He reappeared as one of Stryfe's soldiers and took Dawnsilk, a friend of Nathan, as a hostage. Seeing no other solution, Nathan shot Tyler, freeing Dawnsilk (though she received brain damage from the mental link between her and Tyler). Tyler was thought to be dead, but he survived and escaped from Stryfe's service. He had grown bitter against his father for shooting him.

He used time travel to come to the present, following his father. He created the identity of "Tolliver", an illegal weapons merchant who always appeared wearing a rubber mask. "Mister Tolliver" was initially an unseen character, as his face (actually his mask) was never fully shown. Tyler wanted to punish everybody who had ever hurt him, first and foremost his father, who was now calling himself Cable. He hired the Six Pack, his father's group of mercenaries, and sent them on a mission that would bring them into conflict with Stryfe, who had also traveled back in time. This mission would result in the Six Pack disbanding and most of the members hating Cable afterwards.

After the Six Pack disbanded, Cable became part of New Mutants, turning them into X-Force. During this time, Cable told Cannonball about Tyler, but said he was just a friend who had joined Stryfe's Mutant Liberation Front and was killed on a mission. Tolliver hired the mercenary Deadpool and his girlfriend Copycat to kidnap Domino. Copycat took Domino's place and infiltrated X-force, but she was later found out and Cable freed Domino. In the fight, Tolliver's helicopter exploded and many assumed that Tolliver had died.

Various mercenaries began looking for Tolliver's legacy, known only as the ultimate weapon. It turned out to be the futuristic android Zero. After the X-Cutioner's Song, Stryfe's body was destroyed and Cable returned from the future. Cable told X-Force the truth about Tyler being his son. He also found out from the cyborg Sinsear that Tolliver had been another time-traveler, known simply as "the Other", who had come from the same future. Tyler, now working with Zero, used his mutant powers to discover the truth about the exact relationship between Cable and Stryfe. He revealed this knowledge to Cable, who was possessed by Stryfe's spirit. The truth that Stryfe was a clone of Cable, was too much for Stryfe to bear and Cable was released, while Stryfe's spirit died. Tyler disappeared with Zero, but Zero left him shortly afterward.

Under his "Genesis" identity, Tyler considered himself the new heir of Apocalypse and chose Wolverine to turn him into a Horseman of Apocalypse. He attempted to erase Wolverine's mind and re-bond adamantium to Wolverine's skeleton. On both accounts he failed; Wolverine's mutation was sent into overdrive and he reverted into a feral state. Wolverine killed Genesis.

During a near-death experience, Cable met the spirit of his son, who told him that he had found peace in the afterlife, but this may have been a hallucination on Cable's part. It is revealed that the Sports Arena on Cable's Providence Island is named "The Tyler Dayspring Stadium" after him.

Wife of Apocalypse
The third known person to take on the alias of Genesis was a female mutant who was Apocalypse's long-lost wife. She was also the mother of the first incarnation of the Horsemen of Apocalypse.

Powers and abilities
The Tyler Dayspring version of Genesis was a mutant with the ability to form a psionic link with another consciousness and visually project those memories as solid holograms. As Genesis, he absorbed the energy of many mutants to increase his power, but he never displayed any increased mutant powers afterwards; instead, somewhat like his father, he relied on powered armor and advanced weaponry. His first appearance, drawn by Rob Liefeld, has Tyler has dark hair, but all his later appearances have Tyler as blond.

The third Genesis was a mutant who possesses chlorkinesis and has advanced longevity. She is also an expert at armed combat.

Reception

 * In 2018, CBR.com ranked Genesis 2nd in their "8 X-Men Kids Cooler Than Their Parents (And 7 Who Are Way Worse)" list.

In other media

 * Tyler Dayspring appears in the X-Men: The Animated Series episodes "Time Fugitives" and "Beyond Good and Evil". This version was depicted as Cable's young son and fellow member of Clan Chosen as an adult. He helps his father in obtaining a time machine which would help stop Apocalypse.
 * An action figure of the Tyler Dayspring version of Genesis was produced by Toy Biz as part of the merged X-Men/X-Force line. He was packaged with a miniature version of Spyne.
 * The Tyler Dayspring version of Genesis is a playing piece in the Heroclix game system. He gains the Horsemen of Apocalypse keyword, and is played at 114pts.

title: Genesis (Marvel Comics)


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Alfred Schnittke

Alfred Garrievich Schnittke (24 November 1934 – 3 August 1998) was a Russian composer. Among the most performed and recorded composers of late 20th-century classical music, he is described by musicologist Ivan Moody as a "composer who was concerned in his music to depict the moral and spiritual struggles of contemporary man in [...] depth and detail."

Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic Symphony No. 1 (1969–1972) and his first concerto grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad with the publication of his second (1980) and third (1983) string quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet Peer Gynt (1985–1987); the third (1981), fourth (1984), and fifth (1988) symphonies; and the viola concerto (1985) and first cello concerto (1985–1986). As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.

Early life
Schnittke's father, (1914–1975), was Jewish and born in Frankfurt. He moved to the Soviet Union in 1927 and worked as a journalist and translator from the Russian language into German. His mother, Maria Iosifovna Schnittke (née Vogel, 1910–1972), was a Volga German born in Russia. Schnittke's paternal grandmother, Tea Abramovna Katz (1889–1970), was a philologist, translator, and editor of German-language literature.

Alfred Schnittke was born in Engels in the Volga German ASSR of the Russian SFSR. He began his musical education in 1946 in Vienna, where his father had been posted. It was in Vienna, Schnittke's biographer Alexander Ivashkin writes, where "he fell in love with music which is part of life, part of history and culture, part of the past which is still alive." "I felt every moment there," the composer wrote, "to be a link of the historical chain: all was multi-dimensional; the past represented a world of ever-present ghosts, and I was not a barbarian without any connections, but the conscious bearer of the task in my life." Schnittke's experience in Vienna "gave him a certain spiritual experience and discipline for his future professional activities. It was Mozart and Schubert, not Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff, whom he kept in mind as a reference point in terms of taste, manner and style. This reference point was essentially Classical ... but never too blatant." In 1948, the family moved to Moscow.

Career
In 1961 Schnittke completed his graduate work in composition at the Moscow Conservatory and taught there from 1962 to 1972. Evgeny Golubev was one of his composition teachers. Thereafter, he earned his living chiefly by composing film scores, producing nearly 70 scores in 30 years.

After his mother's death in 1972, he began to compose his Piano Quintet in her memory. During its composition, he began to seek solace in Catholicism; he converted on 18 June 1983. He possessed deeply held beliefs in predestination and mysticism which influenced his music.

Schnittke and his music were often viewed suspiciously by the Soviet bureaucracy. His First Symphony was effectively banned by the Composers' Union. After he abstained from a Composers' Union vote in 1980, he was banned from travelling outside the USSR.

Ill health and death
On 21 July 1985, Schnittke suffered a stroke that left him in a coma. He was declared clinically dead on several occasions, but recovered and continued to compose. In 1990, Schnittke left the Soviet Union and settled in Hamburg, Germany. His health remained poor, however. He suffered several more strokes before his death on 3 August 1998, in Hamburg, at the age of 63. He was buried, with state honors, at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Music
Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich, but after the visit of the Italian composer Luigi Nono to the USSR, he took up the serial technique in works such as Music for Piano and Chamber Orchestra (1964). However, Schnittke soon became dissatisfied with what he termed the "puberty rites of serial self-denial." He created a new style which has been called "polystylism", where he juxtaposed and combined music of various styles past and present. He once wrote, "The goal of my life is to unify serious music and light music, even if I break my neck in doing so." His first concert work to use the polystylistic technique was the second violin sonata, Quasi una sonata (1967–1968). He experimented with techniques in his film work, as shown by much of the sonata appearing first in his score for the 1968 animation short The Glass Harmonica. He wrote the music for Aleksandr Askoldov's Commissar, combining and juxtaposing European, ethnic Russian and Jewish musical patterns. He continued to develop the polystylistic technique in works such as the epic First Symphony (1969–1972) and First Concerto Grosso (1977). Other works were more stylistically unified, such as his Piano Quintet (1972–1976, later orchestrated and retitled as In Memoriam…), written in memory of his mother, who had died in 1972.

In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad, thanks in part to the work of émigré Soviet artists such as the violinists Gidon Kremer and Mark Lubotsky, the cellist and conductor Mstislav Rostropovich, but also by the conductor Gennady Rozhdestvensky. Despite constant illness, he produced a large amount of music, including important works such as the Second (1980) and Third (1983) String Quartets and the String Trio (1985); the Faust Cantata (1983), which he later incorporated in his opera Historia von D. Johann Fausten; the ballet Peer Gynt (1985–1987); the Third (1981), Fourth (1984) and Fifth (1988) Symphonies (the last of which is also known as the Fourth Concerto Grosso), the Concerto for Piano and String Orchestra (1979) and the Viola (1985) and First Cello (1985–1986) Concertos. This period was also marked by a turn in Schnittke and his music to Christian themes, exemplified in his deeply spiritual unaccompanied choral works, the Concerto for Mixed Chorus (1984–1985) and the Penitential Psalms (1988), and alluded to in various others works, including the Fourth Symphony and the Faust Cantata.

As his health deteriorated from the late 1980s, Schnittke started to abandon much of the extroversion of his earlier polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style, quite accessible to the lay listener. The Fourth Quartet (1989) and Sixth (1992), Seventh (1993) and Eighth (1994) symphonies are good examples of this. Some Schnittke scholars, such as Gerard McBurney, have argued that it is the late works that will ultimately be the most influential parts of Schnittke's output. After a stroke in 1994 left him almost completely paralysed, Schnittke largely ceased to compose. He did complete some short works in 1997 and also a Ninth Symphony; its score was almost unreadable because he had written it with great difficulty with his left hand due to his strokes.

The Ninth Symphony was first performed on 19 June 1998 in Moscow in a version deciphered – but also 'arranged' – by Gennady Rozhdestvensky, who conducted the premiere. After hearing a tape of the performance, Schnittke indicated he wanted it withdrawn. After he died, though, others worked to decipher the score. Nikolai Korndorf died before he could complete the task, which was continued and completed by Alexander Raskatov. In Raskatov's version, the three orchestral movements of Schnittke's symphony may be followed by a choral fourth, which is Raskatov's own Nunc Dimittis (in memoriam Alfred Schnittke). This version was premiered in Dresden, Germany, on June 16, 2007. Andrei Boreyko also has a version of the symphony.

title: Alfred Schnittke


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Kamen Rider (1971 TV series)

Kamen Rider (仮面ライダー) is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series and weekly science fiction manga created by manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori. The original airing consisted of a total of 98 episodes and were broadcast from April 3, 1971, to February 10, 1973, on Mainichi Broadcasting System and NET (now TV Asahi). The manga adaptation was also featured in Shōnen Magazine around the same period. The series has evolved into a franchise with many subsequent annual iterations.

The series spawned a second boom in tokusatsu shows, and was Toei's first commercialised series. During its run the brand sold 620 million bags of popcorn (branded Kamen Rider Snack), 3.8 million transformation belts and 300,000 bikes.

Story
The series takes place in a world plagued by Shocker, a mysterious worldwide terrorist organization formed mostly by remaining members of the Nazis. To further its plans for world domination, Shocker recruited its agents through kidnapping, turning their victims into mutant cyborgs (改造人間) and, ultimately, brainwashing them. However, one victim named Takeshi Hongo escaped just before the final brainwashing. With his sanity and moral conscience intact, Takeshi wages a one-man war against Shocker's minions as the grasshopper-themed cyborg superhero Kamen Rider. Another victim of the cyborg process, freelance photographer Hayato Ichimonji, became Kamen Rider 2 after Kamen Rider, who eventually renamed himself "Kamen Rider 1", saved him from Shocker's brainwashing. Assisted by motorcycle race team manager Tobei Tachibana and FBI agent Kazuya Taki, the Kamen Riders fought in both solo and partnered missions against Shocker while later getting help from Tobei and Kazuya's Kamen Rider Kid Corps. Later, after many battles with Shocker the organization was wiped out and its leader created Gel-Shocker to fulfill his goals. After many battles with Gel-Shocker the Kamen Riders defeated the organization's leader and stopped Gel-Shocker. With Kazuya returning to America peace was restored, or so it seems.

Manga
Many manga based on the original Kamen Rider series have been published, but only one was penned and drawn by Ishinomori himself. Ishinomori was also the author of one chapter of the Kamen Rider Amazon manga and the entire Kamen Rider Black manga. However, those manga were based on sequels to Kamen Rider, rather than the original series.

The original manga, published in 1971, initially follows a path resembling the first few episodes of the TV series, from basic plot to creature designs. However, when Takeshi leaves the story, the series diverge greatly. In the TV show, Takeshi travels abroad to fight Shocker in other countries, leaving Japan's protection to Hayato Ichimonji, a freelance cameraman who was experimented on by Shocker but saved by Takeshi, becoming the second Kamen Rider. In the manga, Takeshi never left Japan. He was confronted by twelve "Shocker Riders" and was subsequently mortally wounded during his battle against them. Hayato Ichimonji, one of the twelve Shocker Riders, receives a head injury during the fight and regains his conscience as a result. He then turns against Shocker and takes Takeshi's role as Kamen Rider. In spite of the damage to his body, Takeshi's brain survives and guides Hayato, the two fighting as one.

Takeshi eventually returns as a Rider in both stories, but starting with Hayato's debut, villains and even basic story development greatly diverge between the two versions. The manga portrays a seemingly hopeless battle against Shocker, an organization with ties to governmental conspiracies that seems much bigger than either of the two Riders. The live action TV shows portray the Riders as heroes strong enough to bring down Shocker, only to see it replaced by similar organizations led by Shocker's mysterious leader. The Shocker Riders eventually appear in the TV series, too, but they looked different and had different abilities. There were also only six Shocker Riders, rather than the manga's 12.

In February 2021, Seven Seas Entertainment announced they licensed the original manga for publication in one omnibus edition.

Kamen Riders

 * Takeshi Hongo/Kamen Rider 1 (本郷 猛/仮面ライダー1号): The first main protagonist. A biochemistry lab student at Jonan University who also races motorcycles as part of the Tachibana Racing Club.
 * Hayato Ichimonji/Kamen Rider 2 (一文字 隼人/仮面ライダー2号): The other main protagonist. A freelance photographer who becomes the second Kamen Rider after Takeshi saves him from Shocker.

Allies

 * Tobei Tachibana (立花 藤兵衛): Takeshi's racing mentor and confidant. He is often called "Boss" by other members of his racing club. He runs a small café named Snack Amigo where Hongo and other members of Tachibana's racing club gather in early episodes, and its employees occasionally assist Hongo in countering Shocker's plans. At the same time as Takeshi's departure, he opens a motorcycle goods shop named Tachibana Auto Corner and sets up the Tachibana Racing Club. He is often seen smoking a pipe.
 * Kazuya Taki (滝 和也): An FBI agent assigned to investigate Shocker activities in Japan. While not himself a cyborg, Kazuya was skilled in martial arts and often used them alongside both Kamen Riders to battle the combatants who invariably accompanied a Shocker commander.
 * Hiroshi Midorikawa (緑川 弘): Takeshi's teacher at university and an authority on biochemistry. He is a Shocker scientist, but freed Takeshi and was killed by Man Spider, an agent of Shocker.
 * Ruriko Midorikawa (緑川 ルリ子): The daughter of Doctor Midorikawa, she initially blames Takeshi for her father's death, but eventually learns the truth and becomes his ally. In episode 14, it is revealed that she accompanied Takeshi on his quest to defeat Shocker activities in Europe.
 * Hiromi Nohara (野原 ひろみ): Ruriko's fellow student, who works as a waitress at Snack Amigo.
 * Shiro (史郎): A bartender at Snack Amigo.
 * Rider Girls (ライダーガールズ): Female members of the Tachibana Racing Club who assist both Kamen Riders.
 * Yuri (ユリ): Hiromi's friend who is a first-degree black belt in karate.
 * Mari (マリ): Hiromi's friend who has experience in fencing.
 * Michi (ミチ): Hiromi's friend who has experience in aikido and is a small-displacement rider.
 * Emi (エミ): Takeshi's assistant from Switzerland who has experience in aikido.
 * Mika (ミカ): Takeshi's assistant from Switzerland who is good at fortune-telling by playing cards.
 * Tokko (トッコ): She is in charge of cooking in the Tachibana Racing Club.
 * Yokko (ヨッコ): After the Kamen Rider Kid Corps was set up, she was in charge of communication and administration.
 * Choko (チョコ): She likes food.
 * Goro Ishikura (石倉 五郎): A bright boy who frequents the Tachibana Racing Club.
 * Kamen Rider Kid Corps (少年仮面ライダー隊): A nationwide organization, with Tobei as the president and Kazuya as the captain, that is composed of boys and girls in episode 74.
 * Naoki & Mitsuru (ナオキ&ミツル): Boys who serve as leading members.

Shocker
Shocker (ショッカー) is a terrorist organization formed by former Nazis. Shocker's goal is to conquer the world. To this end, their scientists turn humans into superhuman cyborgs by surgically altering them with animal and insect DNA with robotic cybernetics. Virtually all of its members are modified the same way. Even a Shocker Combatant is tougher, faster, and stronger than an ordinary human civilian. The original manga showed that Shocker had influence over the governments of the world. Its founders had ties to the Nazis, Illuminati and the Kamen Rider Spirits manga makes references to the group's support by the Badan Empire.

Ruthless and merciless, Shocker would often kidnap prominent scientists and force them to work for the organization, then kill them when their usefulness was at an end, or if they attempted to escape. The decision to kidnap and modify college student Takeshi Hongo proved to be their undoing. He was intended to be another of Shocker's powerful cyborg warriors, a grasshopper-human hybrid, but he escaped and opposed them as Kamen Rider 1. A later attempt to create a second, more powerful Kamen Rider backfired when the intended victim, Hayato Ichimonji, was rescued by the original Rider before he was brainwashed. Hayato joined Takeshi as Kamen Rider 2. The pair, known as the Double Riders, put an end to Shocker, and later its remnants, who formed Gelshocker after their disbandment.

In OOO, Den-O, All Riders: Let's Go Kamen Riders, Shocker, although with a membership and leadership covering Gelshocker members from the original TV series, obtained a Core Medal and modified it into the Shocker Medal. Though they were originally unable to use it, the appearance of the Greed Ankh in their time enabled the organization to obtain one of his Cell Medals and create the Shocker Greed. This altered time so that Shocker defeated the Double Riders and managed to conquer all of Japan and eventually the world, setting up a union with many of the other organizations that originally emerged after Shocker's destruction. The group is ultimately defeated by the Kamen Riders.

But as revealed in Kamen Rider OOO onwards, there are some surviving members of the Shocker organization, even from Badan Empire who went into hiding to gather data of the Kamen Riders' battles against some of their respective monsters many years ago. But during the events of Super Hero Taisen GP: Kamen Rider 3, Shocker's remaining scientists created a History Modification Machine that they use to send a time displaced cyborg called Kamen Rider Three back in time to destroy the Double Riders in the aftermath of Gelshocker's defeat, creating a new timeline where Shocker rules the world with some Kamen Riders in their service. Luckily, the apparent destruction of the History Modification Machine restores the timeline (with the exception of Go Shijima/Kamen Rider Mach who was killed by Cheetahkatatsumuri), only to be found out during the events of D-Video Special: Kamen Rider Four that Shocker secretly uses it to create time loops and alters the timeline once more, allowing to create Kamen Rider Four, as well as the revelation that they have been targeting Takumi Inui, due to his sacrifice-less wish to ensure that no one dies like what happened to one of his old allies to create a loop. As Takumi is about to destroy the machine, the Shocker Leader appears with an appearance identical to Takumi's. In the end, Takumi destroys the machine and disappears alongside the modified timeline, restored back to its original timeline once more. Though most of his allies who do not originate from the Kamen Rider 555 TV series like from Kamen Rider Drive, and even Kamen Rider Den-O's Kamen Rider Zeronos don't remember if they had encountered Takumi, only some of Takumi's old friends from the Kamen Rider 555 TV series, including Naoya Kaido still remember Takumi.

In the movie Kamen Rider 1, there is a civil war between the original Shocker and a newly formed organization called Nova Shocker in an attempt to kidnap Mayu, Tobei Tachibana's granddaughter, and release the Alexander Gamma Eyecon from her body, in order to obtain its power. As all of the revived Ambassador Hell's Shocker faction had been annihilated completely, leaving only himself, and also after he witnessed how dangerous the Alexander Gamma Eyecon is, he makes an uneasy alliance with Kamen Riders Ghost, Specter and a newly improved Kamen Rider 1.

 * Shocker Leader (ショッカー首領): The high ruler of the organization and main antagonist of the series. He appears for the first time in short video footage shown in episode 34, although his appearance there is mostly hidden by shadows. He talks with his followers through speakers on Shocker's emblems in the multiple outposts. The Shocker Leader is a cruel being who does not have qualms in sacrificing his minions during moments of crisis or failure. The Shocker Leader would later become the Gel-Shocker Leader (ゲルショッカー首領) when Shocker merges with Geldam to form Gel-Shocker. He takes various forms, his first being a cyclopean gorgon in crimson robes in the original series, his second being a skeletal creature in Kamen Rider V3, following a skull-faced insect who leads a mini-restoration of Shocker known as Black Satan, and his true form is known as the Great Leader Rock (岩石大首領) in Kamen Rider Stronger where he is a giant humanoid rock man controlled by a large one-eyed cybernetic brain.
 * Colonel Zol/Wolf-Man (ゾル大佐/狼男) (a.k.a. Golden Wolf-Man (黄金狼男)): From Shocker's Near and Middle East Branch, his true form was a wolf-like monster. He was also a disguise specialist, able to mimic Taki's appearance almost perfectly using only makeup during his debut. His personal mark, worn by the Combatants of his own Shocker outpost and used in his official correspondence, was the Shocker emblem, but with the bird's head replaced by a wolf's. He confronted Kamen Rider 2 himself in episode 39 and after a lengthy fight was toppled off a cliff by Kamen Rider 2's Rider Punch, destroying him. Gold Wolf-Man briefly appeared in Kamen Rider vs Shocker among the members of the resurrected monster army. In Kamen Rider V3, episode 27, Colonel Zol is resurrected alongside the other three great Shocker and Gelshocker commanders from the original TV series by Destron. He aims to become a Destron commander, replacing Doctor G. However, in episode 28, after Kamen Rider V3 escaped from Destron's base, a self-destruction sequence was activated, and Colonel Zol was unable to escape, dying again with it. In the Kamen Rider Spirits manga, he is revived with other Shocker commanders as a soulless pawn of the Badan Empire.
 * Doctor Death/Ikadevil (死神博士/イカデビル): From Shocker's branch in Switzerland, he took over Japan's command after Zol's death until Ambassador Hell appeared. However, he returned to Japan in episode 61, working together with Ambassador Hell and also attempting his own plans. He had cold and calculating behavior. In episode 68, he captured Tobei to help train him for his battle with Kamen Rider 1, but that only resulted in Tobei learning about his weak point, his head. Discarding his cape when he faced Takeshi for the last time, Death assumed his squid-like monster form to fight Rider 1 with his tentacle whip, while Taki was held off by the Shocker Combatants. With Tobei's guidance, Kamen Rider 1 managed to overpower Ikadevil and weaken him with a Rider Chop before sending Squiddevil falling to his death with his Rider Drill Shoot. Ikadevil tried to rise once more, only to fall down and explode. Doctor Death was resurrected by Destron in Kamen Rider V3, episode 27, and speculated about how he had been brought back to replace Doctor G, only to learn that he was there just for a new operation. Shortly afterwards, in episode 28, he died when Destron's base accidentally self-destructed. He is revived as a soulless pawn of the Badan Empire alongside Colonel Zol and Ambassador Hell in the Kamen Rider Spirits manga.
 * Ambassador Hell/Garagaranda (地獄大使/ガラガランダ): Summoned from Shocker's branch in Southeast Asia, he took command of the organisation in Japan. His true name was Damon (ダモン) according to Kamen Rider Spirits. He used an electromagnetic whip and an iron claw as his weapons. In episode 79, after capturing the Riders' friends, he called Hongo out as he assumed his rattlesnake-like monster form, able to burrow underground and use his whip arm as a weapon. Kamen Rider 1 battled Garagaranda while Kazuya freed Tobei and the others, managing to use his Rider Kick on the monster. Reverting to his normal form, Hell cursed the Riders and screamed to Shocker's perseverance before he died, exploding. Afterwards, the Shocker Leader destroyed the original Shocker. In spite of his failure, Ambassador Hell was resurrected by Destron in Kamen Rider V3, episode 27. In episode 28, his sneaky behavior ended up leading to the prisoner V3 capturing him and escaping from the Destron base. Soon afterwards, Ambassador Hell returned to the base, only to die in its self-destruction. Ambassador Hell returns in the Kamen Rider Spirits manga, working for the Badan Empire. But his difference among the other revived members is that he had his own consciousness, and it is revealed that the Silver Skull used to revive him is capable of bringing back the dead person's memories. In Kamen Rider ZX, the Ambassador of Darkness, Ambassador Hell's younger cousin, appeared as a Badan Empire leader.
 * Shocker Combatants (ショッカー戦闘員): Black uniformed soldiers, some of the later versions having skeleton markings on their torsos. They are normally easily defeated by the Riders, often without even needing to transform. Their trademark is a high-pitched battle-cry.
 * Big Machine (ビッグマシン): A character who only appears in Ishinomori's original Kamen Rider manga. Big Machine is Shocker's highest commander and main antagonist in the manga. He also seems to be the one called "Shocker Leader" by some of the lower ranking Shocker members. He has a fully mechanized body and is behind Shocker's "October Project", which involves using a supercomputer to brainwash the population of Japan. He's able to match up the Riders in combat and launch attacks that disrupt electronic equipment, including Rider 1's and 2's own bodies. The design of his body was the base of Ambassador Hell's design in the TV show, although it was altered to allow a human face and, unlike Big Machine, Ambassador Hell was kept a separate character from the Shocker Leader. In Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Superhero Taisen, Big Machine is reimagined as a project of the Shocker/Zangyack Alliance to create a giant robot from the Crisis Fortress and the Gigant Horse.

Shocker Kaijin
The Shocker Kaijin are monsters used by Shocker who are formerly humans who were enhanced with animal DNA and cybernetics.

 * Spider Man (蜘蛛男) – A spider kaijin with heightened strength and agility. Spider Man was responsible for the capture of Takeshi Hongo, who would later become the first Kamen Rider. Not to be confused with the Marvel Comics character with a similar name.
 * Bat Man (蝙蝠男) (a.k.a. Human Bat (人間蝙蝠)) - A bat monster. Not to be confused with the similarly named DC Comics character.
 * Scorpion Man (さそり男) (a.k.a. Scorpion Human (さそり人間)) - A scorpion monster.
 * Sarracenian (サラセニアン) (a.k.a. Sarracenia Human (サラセニア人間)) - A sarracenia monster.
 * Mantis Man (かまきり男) - A mantis monster.
 * Grimreaper Chameleon (死神カメレオン) (a.k.a. Chameleon Man (カメレオン男)) - A chameleon monster.
 * Wasp Woman (蜂女) - A female bee monster armed with a rapier as her weapon.
 * Cobra Man (コブラ男) - A cobra monster.
 * Gebacondor (ゲバコンドル) - A condor monster.ider vs Shocker movie, but did not actually have an active participation there.
 * Yamogeras (ヤモゲラス) - A gecko monster.
 * Tokageron (トカゲロン) - Originally an arrogant soccer player named Ken Nomoto (野本健), he fell into Shocker's sights due to his leg strength. Though he escapes Grimreaper Chameleon, Nomoto is captured by Spider Man as he was then converted into a lizard cyborg. Retaining his arrogance, Togakeron is used in Shocker's scheme down the Tokyo Atomic Energy lab's barrier with Shocker's "Barrier Destruction Ball" bomb for the Revived Kaijin Corps (再生怪人軍団) to storm in and get the materials within. Though he defeats Kamen Rider #1's Rider Kick, Hongo musters the new Lightning Rider Kick and uses it to kick the Barrier Destruction Ball back to Tokageron and the defeated Revived Kaijin Corps, destroying them all as the bomb detonates.
 * Saboteguron (サボテグロン) - A cactus monster.
 * Phirasaurus (ピラザウルス) (a.k.a. Phirasaurus Human (人間ピラザウルス)) – A piranha/dinosaur monster.
 * Hitodanger (ヒトデンジャー) - A giant starfish monster.
 * Kanibubbler (カニバブラー) - A crab monster.
 * Dokugandar's Caterpillar Form (ドクガンダー) – A caterpillar monster.
 * Dokugandar's Imago Form (21, Rider vs Shocker) - Dokugandar's moth monster form. The form Dokugandar took after breaking from its white cocoon.
 * Amazonia (アマゾニア) - A piranha monster.
 * Musasabeedle (ムササビードル) - A Japanese giant flying squirrel monster.
 * Kinokomorgu (キノコモルグ) – A mushroom monster.
 * Colonel Zol's Kaijin - These are the Kaijin used by Colonel Zol.
 * Antlion Thunder (地獄サンダー) - An antlion monster.
 * Mukaderas (ムカデラス) - A centipede monster.
 * Mogurang (モグラング) – A mole monster.
 * Kuragedarl (クラゲダール) - A jellyfish monster.
 * Zanburonzo (ザンブロンゾ) - A trilobite monster.
 * Arigabari (アリガバリ) - A giant anteater monster.
 * Dokudahlian (ドクダリアン) – A flower monster.
 * Armadillong (アルマジロング) – An armadillo monster.
 * Gamagirah (ガマギラー) – A toad monster.
 * Arikimedes (アリキメデス) - A queen ant monster.
 * Egyptas (エジプタス) – An Egyptian mummy altered into a mummy monster by Shocker Japan under Colonel Zol's orders.
 * Torikabuto (トリカブト) – An aconitum monster.
 * Eiking (エイキング) - A stingray monster.
 * Wolf Man (狼男) (a.k.a. Experimental Wolf Man (実験用狼男)) - An experimental wolf monster created by the wolf virus.
 * Doctor Death's Kaijin - These are the Kaijin used by Doctor Shinigami.
 * Snowman (スノーマン) - A yeti monster.
 * Ghoster (ゴースター) - A magma monster.
 * Fly Man (ハエ男) - A fly monster.
 * Pranodon (プラノドン) - A pteranodon monster.
 * Kabibinga (カビビンガ) - A mold monster
 * Namekujira (ナメクジラ) - A slug monster.
 * Bearkonger (ベアーコンガー) - A brown bear/cougar monster.
 * Todogirah (トドギラー) - A steller sea lion monster.
 * Hiruguerrilla (ヒルゲリラ) - A leech monster.
 * Isoginchak (イソギンチャック) - A sea anemone monster.
 * Kamestone (カメストーン) - A turtle monster.
 * Unicornos (ユニコルノス) - A unicorn monster.
 * Gilgalass (ギルガラス) - A jungle crow monster.
 * Namazugiller (ナマズギラー) - An electric catfish monster.
 * Saigang (サイギャング) - A rhinoceros monster.
 * Ambassador Hell's Kaijin - These are the Kaijin used by Ambassador Hell.
 * Jaguarman (ジャガーマン) - A jaguar monster.
 * Sea Snake Man (海蛇男) - A sea snake monster.
 * Cockroach Man (ごきぶり男) - A cockroach monster.
 * Dokumondo (ドクモンド) - A ground spider monster.
 * Poison Lizard Man (毒トカゲ男) - A frilled lizard monster.
 * Earthworm Man (ミミズ男) - An earthworm monster.
 * Owl Man (フクロウ男) - An owl monster.
 * Harinezuras (ハリネズラス) - A hedgehog monster.
 * Semiminga (セミミンガ) - A cicada monster.
 * Kabutorong (カブトロング) - A Japanese rhinoceros beetle monster.
 * Kamikirikid (カミキリキッド) - A longhorn beetle monster.
 * Girizames (ギリザメス) - A sawshark monster.
 * Gillerkorogi (ギラーコオロギ) - A cricket monster.
 * Elekibotaru (エレキボタル) - A firefly monster.
 * Abugomens (アブゴメス) - A horse-fly monster.
 * Mosquiras (モスキラス) - A mosquito monster.
 * Shiomaneking (シオマネキング) - A fiddler crab monster.
 * Shiracuras (シラキュラス) - A crab louse monster.
 * Bararanga (バラランガ) - A rose monster.
 * Seadragon I (シードラゴンⅠ世) - A seahorse monster.
 * Seadragon II (シードラゴンⅡ世) - A seahorse monster.
 * Seadragon III (シードラゴンⅢ世) - A seahorse monster.
 * Imoriges (イモリゲス) - A newt monster.
 * Unidogma (ウニドグマ) - A sea urchin monster.

Gel-Shocker
Gel-Shocker (ゲルショッカー) was formed after the disbandment of Shocker, with the remnants of the organization absorbing another organization Geldam (ゲルダム団) trained in the deserts of Africa. After Ambassador Hell's defeat, the Shocker Leader reorganized the organization from the ground up, destroying all remaining secret bases and even killing the remaining troop contingent in a bloody forest massacre witnessed by unfortunate campers.

 * General Black (ブラック将軍): The leader of Gel-Shocker. General Black is a commander originally from Geldam who had a monstrous leech/chameleon hybrid form called Hilchameleon (ヒルカメレオン) who had the ability to suck blood by hugging humans, which was later used to revive Gel-Shocker monsters after already being defeated by the Double Riders, throwing leeches which cause the target to follow his orders and turn himself invisible. Later, he fought the Double Riders on a roller coaster and was defeated by their Rider Double Chop while turning invisible. Weakened, he reverted to his human form and cursed the Double Riders before exploding. Eventually, General Black was resurrected and worked for Destron in an important operation but ended up dying in the self-destruction of a Destron base. Black returned as a soulless pawn of the Badan Empire in the Kamen Rider Spirits manga, but he was defeated by a Rider Double Kick performed by Kamen Riders 2 and ZX.
 * Gel-Shocker Combatants (ゲルショッカー戦闘員): Gel-Shocker Combatants wore bright purple and yellow costumes, were capable of traveling from one place to another by transforming into sheets that would drop down onto unsuspecting victims, and were capable of taking more blunt abuse than their predecessors.
 * Shocker Riders (ショッカーライダー): There were 12 of them instead of the 6 created by Gel-Shocker that later appeared in the TV series. Hayato Ichimonji was one of them. In episode 15, Hayato had a brief flashback about his capture by Shocker. A Shocker surgeon told him that he'd become a cyborg to fight against the Kamen Rider. Afterwards, Hayato mentioned that he was saved by Kamen Rider #1, but the specific circumstances of that event are not clear.

Gel-Shocker Kaijin
The Gel-Shocker Kaijin are the Kaijin of Gel-Shocker who are hybrids of two different animals or an animal and a plant.

 * Ganikoumoru (ガニコウモル): A crab/bat monster who is the only monster of Geldam before it combined with the remnants of Shocker. Destroyed by Kamen Rider 1. He was later revived in a new appearance called Revived Ganikoumoru (再生ガニコウモル)
 * Sasori Tokagues (サソリトカゲス): A scorpion/lizard monster.
 * Kurage Wolf (クラゲウルフ): A jellyfish/wolf monster.
 * Ino Kabuton (イノカブトン): A wild boar/Japanese rhinoceros beetle monster.
 * Isoguin Jaguar (イソギンジャガー): A sea anemone/jaguar monster created from a man named Yosuke Katsurojou.
 * Utsubo Games (ウツボガメス): A moray eel/turtle monster.
 * Washi Kamaguilli (ワシカマギリ): An eagle/mantis monster.
 * Kumo Lion (クモライオン): A golden silk spider/lion monster.
 * Neko Yamori (ネコヤモリ): A cat/gecko monster.
 * Nezcondor (ネズコンドル): A house mouse/condor monster. He was later enhanced into Remodeled Nezcondor (改造ネズコンドル).
 * Mukade Tiger (ムカデタイガー): A centipede/tiger monster.
 * Haetori Bachi (ハエトリバチ): A Venus flytrap/bee monster.
 * Ei Dokugar (エイドクガー): A ray/moth monster.
 * Namekuji Kinoka (ナメクジキノコ): A slug/mushroom monster.
 * Garaox (ガラオックス): A jungle crow/ox monster.
 * Saboten Bat (サボテンバット): A cactus/bat monster.

Films

 * 1971: Go Go Kamen Rider (ゴーゴー仮面ライダー) - A movie version of episode 13.
 * 1972: Kamen Rider vs. Shocker (仮面ライダー対ショッカー)
 * 1972: Kamen Rider vs. Ambassador Hell (仮面ライダー対じごく大使)
 * 2005: Kamen Rider: The First
 * 2007: Kamen Rider: The Next
 * 2011: OOO, Den-O, All Riders: Let's Go Kamen Riders (オーズ・電王・オールライダー レッツゴー仮面ライダー)
 * 2014:
 * 2016: Kamen Rider 1 (仮面ライダー1号)
 * 2021: Saber + Zenkaiger: Super Hero Senki (セイバー＋ゼンカイジャー スーパーヒーロー戦記)
 * 2021: Kamen Rider: Beyond Generations (仮面ライダー ビヨンド・ジェネレーションズ)
 * 2023: Shin Kamen Rider

S.I.C. Hero Saga
Published in Monthly Hobby Japan, the S.I.C. Hero Saga stories illustrated by S.I.C. figure dioramas portray stories featuring the characters from the Shotaro Ishinomori series. Kamen Rider has had three different stories: Missing Link, Special Episode: Escape (SPECIAL EPISODE -脱出-), and From Here to Eternity (ここより永遠に). Missing Link ran in the July to October 2002 issues, From Here to Eternity was featured in the special issue HOBBY JAPAN MOOK S.I.C. OFFICIAL DIORAMA STORY S.I.C. HERO SAGA vol.1 Kakioroshi, and Special Episode: Escape was featured in the October 2006 issue of Hobby Japan.

New characters introduced during the Missing Link story are the twelve Shocker Riders (ショッカーライダー) and the Shocker Tank (ショッカータンク).

 * Missing Link chapter titles
 * 1) Infiltration (潜入)
 * 2) Disappearance (失踪)
 * 3) Awakening (覚醒)
 * 4) Puppet (傀儡)

Cast

 * Takeshi Hongo: Hiroshi Fujioka (藤岡 弘)
 * Hayato Ichimonji: Takeshi Sasaki (佐々木 剛)
 * Kazuya Taki: Jirō Chiba (千葉 治郎)
 * Tōbei Tachibana: Akiji Kobayashi (小林 昭二)
 * Ruriko Midorikawa: Chieko Maki (真樹 千恵子)
 * Hiromi Nohara: Yoko Shimada (島田 陽子)
 * Shiro: Jō Honda (本田 じょう)
 * Yuri: Wakako Oki (沖 わか子)
 * Mari: Linda Yamamoto (山本 リンダ)
 * Michi: Katsumi Nakajima (中島 かつみ)
 * Goro Ishikura: Yasuharu Miura (三浦 康晴)
 * Emi: Emily Takami (高見 エミリー)
 * Mika: Yōko Sugibayashi (杉林 陽子)
 * Tokko: Machiko Nakajima (中島 真智子)
 * Naoki: Tomonori Yazaki (矢崎 知紀)
 * Mitsuru: Yoshikazu Yamada (山田 芳一)
 * Yokko: Yoshiko Nakada (中田 喜子)
 * Choko: Mimi Hagiwara (ミミ萩原)
 * Colonel Zol: Jirō Miyaguchi (宮口 二朗)
 * Doctor Death: Hideyo Amamoto (天本 英世)
 * Ambassador Hell: Kenji Ushio (潮 健児)
 * General Black: Matasaburō Niwa (丹羽 又三郎)
 * Shocker/Gelshocker Leader (Voice): Gorō Naya (納谷 悟朗)
 * Narration: Shinji Nakae (中江 真司)

International Broadcasts

 * In the Philippines, it was aired on RPN-9 as Masked Rider from 1975 to 1977 with an English dub.

Staff

 * Creator: Shotaro Ishinomori
 * Scriptwriters: Masaru Igami, Shinichi Ichikawa, Masayuki Shimada, Mari Takizawa, Hisashi Yamazaki, Takao Nagaishi, Masahiro Tsukada, Ikurō Suzuki, Takeo Ōno, Fumio Ishimori, Kimiyuki Hasegawa, Kimio Hirayama, Minoru Yamada, Gorō Oketani, Shotaro Ishinomori
 * Directors: Kōichi Takemoto, Itaru Orita, Hidetoshi Kitamura, Minoru Yamada, Issaku Uchida, Katsuhiko Taguchi, Masahiro Tsukada, Shotaro Ishinomori, Atsuo Okunaka
 * Music: Shunsuke Kikuchi

Songs

 * Opening themes
 * "Let's Go!! Rider Kick" (レッツゴー!!ライダーキック)
 * Lyrics: Shotaro Ishinomori
 * Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 * Artist: Hiroshi Fujioka / Masato Shimon (as Koichi Fuji) & Male Harmony (メール・ハーモニー)
 * Episodes: 1–13 (Fujioka), 14–88 (Fuji)
 * "Rider Action" (ライダーアクション)
 * Lyrics: Shotaro Ishinomori
 * Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 * Artist: Masato Shimon
 * Episodes: 89–98

 * Ending themes
 * "Kamen Rider no Uta" (仮面ライダーの歌)
 * Lyrics: Saburō Yatsude
 * Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 * Artist: Koichi Fuji, Male Harmony
 * Episodes: 1–71
 * "Rider Action"
 * Lyrics: Shotaro Ishinomori
 * Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 * Artist: Masato Shimon
 * Episodes: 72–88
 * "Lonely Kamen Rider" (ロンリー仮面ライダー)
 * Lyrics: Mamoru Tanaka
 * Composition & Arrangement: Shunsuke Kikuchi
 * Artist: Masato Shimon
 * Episodes: 89–98

Legacy
The Kamen Rider original series famously spearheaded launched the "Second Kaiju Boom" or "Henshin Boom" on Japanese television in the early 1970s, greatly impacting the superhero and action-adventure genre in Japan. The famous "henshin sequence", in which the title hero performs ritualistic poses and shouting a keyword to transform into his superhero form has since become a staple in Japanese pop-culture, inspiring superheroes, and magical girl genres. Kamen Rider went later produce a great number of spin-offs which remain in production today. Several Kamen Rider series were aired in Japan after the first Kamen Rider finished. After Kamen Rider Black RX ended production in 1989, the series was put on hold.

There were three movies released as the 1990s "Movie Riders", which were Shin Kamen Rider: Prologue, Kamen Rider ZO and Kamen Rider J. After the original creator Shōtarō Ishinomori's death in 1998, the Kamen Rider franchise continued in 2000 with Kamen Rider Kuuga. As of 2023, thirty-four Kamen Rider series have been made, with the newest being Kamen Rider Gotchard which premiered in September 2023.

As of 2005, a remake of the Kamen Rider series in the Heisei era was made and reimagined with Kamen Rider The First and continued with Kamen Rider The Next released in 2007.

The cultural impact of the series in Japan resulted in astronomer Akimasa Nakamura naming two minor planets in honor of the series: 12408 Fujioka, after actor Hiroshi Fujioka, known for his portrayal of Takeshi Hongo/Kamen Rider 1, and 12796 Kamenrider, after the series itself.

As of 2021, starting from Kamen Rider: Beyond Generations, Hiroshi Fujioka's son, Maito portrays Takeshi Hongo's younger self.

As of 2023, another remake of the Kamen Rider series in the Reiwa era was made and reimagined with Shin Kamen Rider.

title: Kamen Rider (1971 TV series)


text:
Sons of Poland

The Sons of Poland (Synowie Polski) is a Polish-American fraternal benefit society which was organized in 1903. In addition to selling life insurance to members, it supports charities in the United States and Poland as well as activities in the Polish-American community in New Jersey and New York.

History
The Association of the Sons of Poland was established in 1903 as a Fraternal Benefit Society. At the onset of existence the Association's goals were to provide benefits for Polish-American families and send financial help to their relatives in Poland. The Association grew both in membership and financial stability becoming a leader in upholding the traditions of Polish Heritage and patriotism as well as continuing an active contact with Poland. During the first World War while Russia and Germany were systematically destroying Poland, the Delegates to the Quadrennial Convention voted to tax each member 2¢ each month to be sent to feed hungry war victims in Poland. In the 1930s, large sums of money were sent to assist flood victims in southern Poland followed by tremendous donations to assist the poor in Polish cities. Just prior to World War Two, the Association was recognized for being the most active organization in the Polish-American Community and was decorated by the Second Republic of Poland with the coveted Złoty Medal Zasługi (Gold Medal of Service). The Association continued assisting Poland during her most devastating years of war.

Today the Association of the Sons of Poland is the only Polish American Fraternal domiciled in New Jersey. It supports Polish language courses and organizations that promote Polish Culture and Heritage, such as the Polish Singers Alliance of America and an exhibit of art at Seton Hall University. It continues to sponsor the Polish Children’s Heartline and the Polish Gift of Life, charities that provide medical care for Polish children. The Association was directly involved in the establishment of the Polish-American Congress and Pulaski Memorial Parade Committee, both of which still receive support. Major Foundations like the Kosciuszko Foundation and the Polish Cultural Foundation also receive support. It also gives financial and material support to Polish Orphans, mentally and physically disabled children, the homeless and un-wed mothers both in Poland and the United States through the Sons of Poland Benevolent Foundation, a 501(c)(3) charity.

Organization
Local units are referred to as "Lodges/Groups". Twenty persons who apply for membership may establish their own group however, a minimum of fifty members of the lodge/group is required to send a Delegate to the Convention. The highest national structure is the Supreme Convention, which meets quadrennially. The headquarters of the group is located at 333 Hackensack Street, Carlstadt, New Jersey 07072, while the organization was originally established in Jersey City.

Membership
Membership is through the purchase of life insurance with the minimum amount at $2,000 up to a maximum of $20,000, as a non-medical limit but with an exam, the maximum coverage is $50,000. Benefits of insured membership include a subscription to the monthly Polish American Journal; Scholarships and Achievement awards for High School Seniors; prescription cards that can offer up to a 30% discount on prescription medications for members and even their guests from Poland or any other country; LifeLine Screenings to detect a possible tendency for stroke or aneurisms; group health care discounts that includes a dental/vision plan, and a choice of wellness plans from a health mart and accidental death/dismemberment insurance.

title: Sons of Poland