text:
Talk:Glossary of names for the British

"Hun" and "Norn Irish"
I'm not going to prove that the sky is blue here. My additions were reverted with an explanation that there were no sources. Two reasons for reintroducing the terms: 1. Very few of the rest of the terms have sources. Why single those specific ones out? 2. A simple web search will quickly turn up results. There is not need to give citations for every single word in every single article. --82.2.5.153 (talk) 18:29, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I took them out again. Not noticing you started a discussion here, but I would have done so otherwise. I am sorry if your upset. I must run off to real life or I would say more.
 * Here is my edit summary: See WP:BURDEN. You are suppose to produce the citation. I did check the article. If it was in the article and cited there I would have left it. There is also the question of notability. See WP:ONUS. "Hun" seems too obscure to include. "Norn Irish" seems a little more likely, but that is a judgement call made by consensus.
 * Also see Other stuff exists. Most likely the other things on the list are cited in the target articles. But if not, I will happily remove those too. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 18:56, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

 * I am not "upset" (I am, however, slightly puzzled) and I hope you're not being cheeky with your with your statement and your reference to "real life".

 * Speaking of "real life", I actually grew up in the specific country in which these terms are not only used, but are very commonly used and widely known. Just because you are not aware of them, that doesn't mean they are not notable.

 * Here's an example for you: Had I come from South America or Africa, it's fairly likely that I wouldn't know what a "Pom" or a "Jock" was. Considering both terms are quite confined to the English-speaking world, and to Commonwealth nations, I might consider them to be not notable. However, I can tell you (even though I'm not a valid 'source' under Wikipedia rules) that both these terms need no consensus and nor are they "obscure".

 * I understand the 'rules' of Wikipedia, but I also understand common sense. Frankly, the amount of effort needed to edit articles here is one of the reasons I stopped being an editor. Here is the text of the common sense wiki article:

Wikipedia has many policies or what many consider "rules". Instead of following every rule, it is acceptable to use common sense as you go about editing. Being too wrapped up in rules can cause loss of perspective, so there are times when it is better to ignore a rule. Even if a contribution "violates" the precise wording of a rule, it might still be a good contribution. Similarly, just because something is not forbidden in a written document, or is even explicitly permitted, doesn't mean it's a good idea in the given situation. Our goal is to improve Wikipedia so that it better informs readers. Being able to articulate "common sense" reasons why a change helps the encyclopedia is good, and editors should not ignore those reasons because they don't include a bunch of policy shortcuts. The principle of the rules—to make Wikipedia and its sister projects thrive—is more important than the letter. Editors must use their best judgment.

 * What I'm suggesting here is that combined with a quick websearch, there was no need for you to remove the information in the first place. Once I had re-added the information, then perhaps you might have thought it wise to think, "Hang on - maybe this guy is on to something. Maybe I'll do a quick check and see if these terms actually exist." Instead, what has happened is that you've put quite a lot of energy into removing my supplied information, instead of getting on with your important "real life", and you have also wasted quite a bit of my time. And you may say a similar thing to me, after I have finished writing this.. essentially essay: "Why don't you just provide citations/sources, instead of writing a lot of crap on a discussion page?"

 * Well, here's the thing.. will those sources be deemed by you to be ample, suitable, worthy? Within the rules? In assuming 'good faith', I have to believe that you only want the best for the article. But sometimes, I get the feeling that some editors are bureaucrats who aren't concerned with anything other than keeping others in line. And yeah - I'm sure you've done a fair amount of work for this place, just as I have. And yeah - rules are needed. But you also need to let go sometimes! And apply common sense. In my opinion, you may have "lost perspective" here. And then there's the other thing: I don't like articles that have too many [1][3][6][11] all over the place.

 * "Target article" - I'm not sure what that is. All I see is that, for example, the terms Jimmy, Scotty, Scott, Brummie, Southron and many other either have no article of their own or have no sources. Indeed, the article itself has a refimprove tag. So my question to you would be, are you going to go through all of them to either remove uncited ones, or find sources for each? I would suggest you're probably not because you've been editing since something like 2008, and your first edit to this article was about six years ago. (Incidentally, my first edit to it was over ten years ago).

 * So here we are, fighting about something that is basically irrelevant with regard to 'real life'. With my first addition of these terms to the article, I simply thought: Oh - there are these two terms which are pretty common here. I'll just put them in the article so I can improve it. Anyway, here are two links to the usage of the words. You can do what ever you like with them because, just at the minute, I don't really care too much.

 * Hun The term is also offensively in Scotland to refer to Protestants

 * Norn Irish --82.2.5.153 (talk) 20:20, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

 * OK, I found a citation I like and one you suggested as well for Norn Iron and added it with a small blurb. Adding it to the list without a citation or some description to my mind is useless only a bit better than useless. The citation, the blurb and links to other articles gives it some context. Perhaps I will work on Hun tomorrow. I will want to include why Irish are called a name associated with Germans and will want a citation to support it. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 08:46, 3 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Hi - thanks for adding 'Norn Irish' back in. You restored my faith in this place a little! Also thanks for putting up with my rant!

 * I will say that the origin of the word 'Hun' as applied to people in Northern Ireland and Scotland who are from a Protestant background is complicated, to say the least. I'm not sure myself. My earliest memory of it having been explained to me was that it was a reference to Nazi Germany, whereby Protestants and/or loyalists were offensively equated with that authoritarian regime. I think the QUB PDF probably explains it best, as it goes through the rationales from each 'side' (particularly with reference to why it is used by Glasgow Celtic football supporters). I hope that helps. --82.2.5.153 (talk) 20:47, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Hun is being problematic for me. Huns and List of terms used for Germans explain the origins of its use for Germans. Regarding its uses in Ireland I found this:
 * It seems the reason for using the word is vague. So a clean, concise statement to give context as to why this word is used is difficult. While I will not use it all, here is what I have so far:
 * "Hun" derives ultimately from the Huns of the 4th and 6th century AD. The nomadic tribes that came under the control of Attila were seen as ruthless, brutal, savage barbarians. It is used in 19th and 20th centuries as propaganda against the Germans to depict them as ruthless, brutal, savage barbarians. It was used so during World War I, and less so during World War II, but did become associated with Nazism and oppressive fascism. But the Queen of England is descended from the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a cadet branch of the Saxon House of Wettin. So it is used to tease and/or insult Protestants and/or British people and then by connection and/or loyalty Northern Irish and/or Ranger Fans to imply they are ruled by a descendant of Germans and/or oppressive fascists and/or just plain ruthless, brutal, savage barbarians.
 * Maybe if the hatred that drove the use of this word was a little more focused, we could eke out a clearer description here. I have been looking at this for over an hour now and am tired of it. I will look again tomorrow.
 * By the by, I removed Jimmy, Scotty, and Scott because they are unsourced. Thanks for pointing them out. I seem to remember wanting to remove them when they were added, but then thought maybe I or someone else will find citations for them later. That never happen; now I am removing them.
 * Meanwhile another editor did add a link to the description of "Taffy" to the River Taff, which I thought was nice. Until I looked at the target article (in other words the article the link targets) and found River Taff mentions a different source for the word and specifically mentions the description given in this article is erroneous. So that needs to be fixed and that is why we do not let uncited material get added to articles. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 08:57, 4 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Meanwhile another editor did add a link to the description of "Taffy" to the River Taff, which I thought was nice. Until I looked at the target article (in other words the article the link targets) and found River Taff mentions a different source for the word and specifically mentions the description given in this article is erroneous. So that needs to be fixed and that is why we do not let uncited material get added to articles. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 08:57, 4 July 2019 (UTC)

Limey
the OED and the New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English both state that lime-juicer were first used in Australia, in the sense English immigrant (attested 1888) and who has lately made the voyage from England (1859), respectively, without any nautical connotation, and later in NZ and SA. The nautical meaning craft sailing under the Union Jack or seaman of the Royal Navy seems to have originated much later in the US Navy, around 1918. --89.12.65.211 (talk) 21:08, 23 November 2019 (UTC)

Similar articles needed for other nationalities
That we only have one about Britons is an embarassingly clear-cut instance of our usual Anglocentric systemic bias. RadioactiveBoulevardier (talk) 11:38, 11 August 2023 (UTC)

"Britisher" is used in Indian English too - probably worth noting
I would add it, but first need to hunt down a more Wikipedia-policy-friendly source than 1. my own personal experience as a Brit interacting with Indians and 2. this Reddit thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskIndia/comments/174jwuj/what_are_some_examples_of_indian_english_youve/ ExplodingCabbage (talk) 20:13, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glossary of names for the British


text:
User talk:M1shawhan

Greetings
Welcome Matt,

Great job on Dipteronia. We're very glad that you've joined us. I can see that you're a serious Wikipedian interested in improving our project. If you stay for a while, you'll discovered that collectively, we're a cooperative and friendly community. We are all here to learn, and hopefully can give something back. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include:
 * How does one edit a page
 * Manual of style
 * Naming conventions

Just keep in mind that while relevant discussions and constructive criticisms and are welcome, unproductive and/or destructive insults are not (see Wikiquette & Neutral point of view).

Who knows? Perhaps you'll soon become a Wikipediholic! :-) --Menchi 02:05, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC) p.s. Simply type four tildes ( ~ ), then you can sign you name and date like I just did with mine. And please always do so after your post in Talk/discussion pages and Village Pump.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:M1shawhan


text:
User:Khranus/ban

from: http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-November/012985.html :

Well, Khranus made it easy for me.

>From his User_talk page: >In response to Kosebamse's complaint about "ramblings, contempt, >insults, hostility", etc. -- the owner of this website user:Jimbo >Wales, asks that you contact him via e-mail. > >See his letter about this matter here. --Uncle Ed 15:55, 12 Nov 2003 >(UTC) > >So now there's a wikipedia gestapo? I don't think I have to reply to >any of this non-sense. If you have some sort of a problem with the >memes I distribute, you can go ahead and distribute yours--but please, >don't decrease the overall amount of information being >transmitted. Khranus

His refusal, above, to email me about this, coupled with his accusing me (or Ed?) of being a "gestapo" conveniently eliminates the need for a long drawn out process of discussion and attempts at reformation. If he isn't willing to talk about it, we can just end this right here.

I just banned him. As usual, my offer that he can email me to discuss our behavioral and editorial standards remains open, and who knows, maybe reform is possible.

But I see no reason to subject the rest of you to this nonsense in the meantime, so for now he's history.

This applies across all languages and meta, but does not apply to the mailing list, as he's welcome to come here and state his case. It applies to ip's and any followup username he may want to try to use.

--Jimbo

Summary
Uncle Ed and Kosebamse have asked Jimbo to intervene, and User:Pakaran (who was also involved in the discussion) posted to the list. Various users have posted long lists of contraversal edits by Khranus. Jimbo asked Khranus to e-mail him privately.
 * Khranus is refusing to do so according to his talk page. Secretlondon 19:00, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)
 * He's now apparently banned, according to a message left by Jimbo on his user page: User:Khranus. --Delirium 22:36, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)

Details
Left this message on my talkpage: "I strongly suggest you stop mutilating the Skull and Bones article. If you are a member of the Black Lodge, you can fuck off, and if you are, even worse, just an uninformed idiot propogating his dogma, you can shut your fucking mouth. Khranus:.

For the Love of God, stop mutilating everyone else's comments in that article! The 'facts' which you leave in the article are no more supported than the conspiracy theories! Khranus

Fuck your 'etiquitte'... You've directly attacked that article, so I directly attack you, motherfucker. Get used to it. Khranus. See Skull and Bones, Reptilian humanoid and other contributions. -- Someone else 07:27, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

He also added this on his talk page: ''I usually respect your policy, but I also have a VERY relativistic view of the world, and in this relative case, I was quite justified in making 'comments' about him. He nonverbally insulted the several people involved in the S&B article, and such insult can only be returned with insult. Silly obsession with 'policy' can't make up for the hassles this guy has caused all over the 'pedia. He has a bad reputation'' and many more comments of a rather unpleasant nature. The idea that "insult can only be returned with insult" is in blatant violation of our policies. If Khranus cannot be convinced to change his attitude fundamentally, Wikipedia would be happier without him. Kosebamse 11:01, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Most of his edits are throwing in badly-phrased pseudoscience and whatnot... see the insane Dolphin intelligence where he says dolphins can cause cold fusion. -- Jake 11:11, 2003 Nov 7 (UTC)

I have to admit, if we could somehow confine him to posting on talk pages and keep him from abusing other users, I find User:Khranus an unbelievably amusing troll. His rants about memes and Timothy Leary in an attempt to make the rest of us feel goodness-knows-what (inferior? unintelligent? larval?) really do tickle my funny bone. But alas, Khranus cannot be cornered thus, and honestly he seems far too hostile and counter-productive to become a contributor here. If he makes apologies to those he has insulted, I might change my mind, but as it stands, I don't see why we should long suffer the railings of someone who openly announces his opposition to NPOV--after all, if Khranus doesn't like NPOV, then Khranus really shouldn't be an editor here. Just my two cents...Jwrosenzweig 23:52, 10 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I don't mind the stuff on talk pages - but it does lead me to question his NPOV ability - not to mention that some of it is uhm interesting, and makes me wonder about his rationality. On Talk:Cold fusion a few minutes ago, he commented that cold fusion was real, but was being covered up by (among others) the British royal family and Enron in order to make money. Somewhere else he mentioned that the dolphins may be using cold fusion. -- Pakaran 02:28, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Khranus gets reverted for POV and factual problems very often. He often leaves offensive quotes on various pages. Many users have tried talking to him with little or no positive effect, see User talk:Khranus. I think banning may be the best option for this user. Daniel Quinlan 02:59, Nov 11, 2003 (UTC)
 * on User talk:The_Anome: My God... You seriously are policing me! You'd think you have something better to do... But it seems that every article I edit, you fuck around with... What in the name of God is your problem with me? and Get a fucking life... Stop policing me...
 * on Talk:Dick Cheney: There's nothing positive to say about this sick motherfucker. He's the real dictator of the United States at the moment (why we see so little of him and so much of Bush), and has used Bush as a frontman to divert attention from himself--considering that that would most likely immediately lead to investigation of his corporate corruption. He's nothing but a power-driven, genocidal, cold-blooded, inhuman fucknut who deserves to be put behind bars.

He's now defending his views further on Talk:Cold fusion. See also the first revision of Dolphin intelligence for his "interesting" statements that dolphins may be using ultrasound to create cold fusion via cavitation. -- Pakaran 03:44, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I would leave a message on his talk page, but enough people have already done so, and he already left bad math on my user talk page. If he doesn't change really soon (think before Tuesday night server time) I will be strongly tempted to start a thread about him on wikien-l and try and get Jimbo's opinion. I'm reluctant to do this as a new user myself, but the extent of the science he makes up, and the personal insults he uses, are getting out of hand. :( -- Pakaran 05:46, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Regarding his motives, he wrote on Talk:Ordo Templi Orientis: ''I once worked to keep sacred knowledge secret, concealed, hidden... But now, I realise my err in doing this... Now, I work to reveal knowledge to the masses--to spread the memes--to set humanity free... I think perhaps that I believed in secrecy once because I didn't believe in Humanity. Either that or it was the arrogant rush I got when feeling as though I knew something that someone else did not...But all that is so childish, so senseless... Esotericism is dead--or at least dying. If it's not dead yet, I'm going to work to help kill it.'' Kosebamse 08:00, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

And furthermore (in Talk:Ordo Templi Orientis revision 09:28, 11 Nov 2003):

(...) ''Crowley did indeed literally sacrifice children. Though this may come off as socially unacceptable, one must think relativistically of the matter. Whilst he sacrificed children and other humans(as did Winston Churchill and the Ancient Order of Druids), perhaps numbering in the hundreds by his death, literal hundreds of millions of people were dying during the First and Second World Wars--mass sacrifices in the name of silly political dogmas. All who ascend the XI degree also do indeed engage in anal intercourse--and at some point, in some ritual, almost certainly will have homosexual contact with another human being. There is of course nothing wrong with this, but somehow it has created a fuss among the masses (at least for a time, perhaps not so much now)...It's amazing how people have focussed on the White Lodge, claiming that they are somehow 'evil', when, for instance, the Black Lodge, which controls the Catholic Church, not only have been behind the mass murder of an infinitely higher number of humans than the White, but are also aimed almost purely at the subjugation and control of the human species as a Whole. The Black Lodge was also responsible for the rise of Adolf Hitler AND Josef Stalin--both dicatators were manipulated into power by the Lodge. Humans need to wake up and smell the roses--there is a secret, ancient war occuring on Earth, between several generally unacknowledgeed groups with immense social influence.''

There may be a small chance that Khranus acts in good faith and believes this kind of things, but I will take the liberty of applying Occam's razor here and make a diagnosis of advanced trollicism. It's enough. We can't waste our time with him any more. I propose to give him a final warning and then go on to banning procedures. Kosebamse 08:38, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Most of his stuff is 'bog standard' David Icke-style conspiracy theory. I'm amazed he said he hadn't heard of Lyndon LaRouche though. As for whether he's paranoid, a true believer or merely trolling I don't know. Secretlondon 10:08, Nov 11, 2003 (UTC)

He also added a somewhat hidden link to User:Kosebamse linking a period character to Rosicrucian. Do we really have time for this crap? Daniel Quinlan 10:42, Nov 11, 2003 (UTC)

So you think it's time to draw Jimbo's attention to him? -- Pakaran 16:40, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * He's continuing to spam Wikipedia with his conspirology (see this for an example) and it does not look like he will listen to advice. Therefore, yes, I think this needs to be taken to the list as a case of trolling, outspoken disregard of NPOV, outspoken disregard of Wikiquette, and of continued insulting of users (not to mention lack of contributing anything remotely useful). Kosebamse 16:55, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I just posted - but I accidentally posted as a (valid) variant of the address I am subscribed under, so I'll need to wait for moderator approval (my mailer doesn't keep a copy of outgoing messages). Anyhow, I couldn't help BUT be amused to see that last edit, where Khranus quotes a co-author of the Illuminatus trilogy as defense of his beliefs!  -- Pakaran 17:13, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Perhaps if discussion with him is avoided he will go away? He appears to be a troll (if it walks like a... talks like a... acts like a...) so by responding to his nonsense he is being given the attention he craves yet doesn't deserve. Maybe if the troll is no longer fed, he crawl to back to whence he came. If this works, it may be more permanent than harsher alternatives that are harder to enforce. Just my 2 cents. Maximus Rex 14:53, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

This user repeatedly (after removal) scribbles his opinions on Talk:Robert Mugabe (also on Talk:David Icke). Not using the talk page as intended (to improve the article), but as a personal soapbox. --snoyes 18:53, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Further Discussion
Khranus is clearly Michael. He's used these IPs:

* 152.163.252.134 * 64.12.96.79 and 64.12.96.139 * 205.188.209.40

These ranges are listed on User:JohnOwens:Most Wanted

Evercat 02:24, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Another list: User:Snoyes/check --snoyes 02:33, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Have these already been added?

* 129.173.208.155 and 129.173.208.180

Thanks in advance. --Viriditas 20:48, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I guess it could just be another AOLer... irrelevant if he's banned anyway. Evercat 02:36, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I really doubt he was Michael - note that AOL uses a fairly small range of proxy IPs for a lot of users. Also, Michael's command of English wasn't in the same ballpark as Khranus'. Michael was more into music than conspirology. I suppose it's *possible* that this is Michael trying to deliberately hide his writing style, but I don't perceive him as that industrious. -- Pakaran 05:19, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

To ban or not to ban
As a general rule, I oppose banning Wikipedians for breaches of civility. In cases like the present one, where the offender was clearly spoiling for a fight, a much simpler approach would be for Jimbo to protect the user's userpage and post a general warrant on said userpage that would allow any and all Wikipedians to revert any and all said breaches of civility by said offendor without comment. Such a course of action would demonstrate to the offender that the offender's actions were an unacceptable breach of community standards. It would also demonstrate that Jimbo's decisions are recognized as persuasive authority and are supported by a large cross-section of the Wikipedia community. -- NetEsq 21:59, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: User:Khranus/ban


text:
Carnotite

Carnotite is a potassium uranium vanadate radioactive mineral with chemical formula K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O. The water content can vary and small amounts of calcium, barium, magnesium, iron, and sodium are often present.

Occurrence
Carnotite is a bright greenish-yellow mineral that occurs typically as crusts and flakes in sandstones. Amounts as low as one percent will color the sandstone a bright yellow. The high uranium content makes carnotite an important uranium ore. It is a secondary vanadium and uranium mineral usually found in sedimentary rocks in arid climates.

In the United States it is an important ore of uranium in the Colorado Plateau region of the United States where it occurs as disseminations in sandstone and concentrations around petrified logs. It also occurs in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, South Dakota, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. It also occurs incidentally in Grants, New Mexico, and Carbon County, Pennsylvania.

Carnotite is reported in Congo (Kinshasa), Morocco, Australia (Radium Hill) and Kazakhstan. In Pakistan carnotite occurs in the Upper Miocene middle Siwaliks sandstone (Dhokpathan Formation), in the vicinity of Takhat Nasrati, Karak District.

Name and discovery
The mineral was first described in 1899 by French scientists M. M. C. Freidel and E. Cumenge, who identified it in specimens from Roc Creek in Montrose County, Colorado, United States. It is named for Marie Adolphe Carnot (1839–1920), French mining engineer and chemist.

Uses
Carnotite is an ore of uranium. At times in the early 20th century, it was mined primarily for radium or vanadium.

The mineral was used to produce quack devices involving radioactive substances.

Related mineral species
Several related mineral species exist, including: margaritasite ((Cs,K,H3O)2(UO2)(VO4)2·H2O) and tyuyamunite, (Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2·5-8H2O).

title: Carnotite


text:
Talk:Tokyo Station

Revenue : per day or per year?
"Tokyo Station does hold the distinction of being the highest revenue-earning station in Japan, with ¥247m ($2.13m US) in ticket sales in 2005." This is ambiguous: if the units are correct (million of JPY), it must be the revenue per day. Or if it's for the full year 2005, if the figure of 247 is correct, then the unit has to be billion of JPY. In any event, clarification needed.

How old is image of Tokyo station?

 * I'd like to know when this image was taken. The cars seem like 80s model cars.  Has the building changed in appearance since this photo was taken?

 * Judging from the surrounding buildings, I would say they are both recent. There is a new tower being built opposite side on the north, and it appears the construction crane visible in Marunouchi side photo is at that location so that would date it to around 2005 or early 2006. jcp 12:26, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The photo of the Yaesu side with the taxis is from January or February 2005, I believe. If that's the photo you're interested in, I can look it up for you. Fg2 12:33, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Ownership
Which part of Japan Railways is the station owned - JR East or JR Tokai? Big  top  08:58, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * JR East jcp 12:27, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Please format names uniformly
Whichever way you want it, please be consistent: Tatsuno Kingo (Family-Given) Terunobu Fujimori (Given-Family) Hara Takashi (Family-Given)

 * The name order is set by WP:MOS-JA. If Tatsuno and Hara were born before the Meiji era, then, Family-Given is correct; while Fujimori was born after that, so, Given-Family is correct.  Sometimes, consistency within an article is a real problem, and, it might be worth a discussion at the manual of style to see if we should bend the rules for links to people in articles like this.  I don't have any idea how that discussion would turn out. Neier 02:17, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

I viewed wikipedia a lot and see many different styles about japan train lines and train stations are used. Wouldn't it be wise to add everything in a XML file and generate a uniform layout from it ? I did some work already. It can be found at mobiletraveler xml file. I also wrote an application ussing this information. If people would help me to complete the XML file. I will take some effort to write a small application that can generate uniform HTML code from it so it can be used in wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ron.verheij (talk • contribs) 11:35, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Passenger statistics date inconsistency
I have noticed that this article gives passenger statistics for FY1913 whereas the station itself did not open until 1914. Is there a reason for this? Thank you in advance, JTST4RS (talk) 11:10, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

 * You're right. It was me that added the statistics, and I've rechecked the source, which definitely says "1913" (Taisho 2), but as that conflicts with the fact that the station did not open until late 1914, it might be better just to snip the figures for that year completely as being suspect. --DAJF (talk) 10:12, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your reply. I have tracked down the sources that the ja article uses for the passenger statistics as a digital copy on the National Diet Archives. Indeed according to p. 241 (126 in the digital copy) there is no indication of passenger statistics for a Tokyo station in 1913, but  p. 756 (386 in the digital copy) indicates an annual boarding figure of 553,105 in 1914 (which the ja article divides by 102, the number of days it was open in FY1914, to give 5423 per day). I have decided to replace the "1913" data with this 1914 data but I have kept it as an annual average to avoid the confusion over division. I hope this is OK, JTST4RS (talk) 12:27, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree that looks like the best solution. Thanks for finding that source. --DAJF (talk) 09:15, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

platforms on different levels
I have noticed while looking at the station on google earth that platforms 1-2, and shinkansen platforms are about one level higher than the main platform level. should this be noted in the article? Also, i will change the section of the platform maps that says "ground level" to "main level", since there are actually no platforms at ground level. Bajor9 (talk) 15:23, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

The Chuo line platforms are indeed one level up, but the Shinkansen are only about 2-3m above the others, so you get a good view, but it's not a whole floor. Alex Sims (talk) 01:09, 31 March 2015 (UTC)
 * This photo on Flickr shows what I mean Alex Sims (talk) 01:21, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Yaesu part is in Chuo-ku
Please note that the Yaesu part of Tokyo station is in Chuo-ku. Yaesu is a district within Chuo-ku. Please note this address: Yaesu Central Exit JR東京駅 八重洲中央口 1 Chome-10-1 Yaesu, Chūō, Tōkyō-to 103-0028 |link 126.209.200.51 (talk) 17:26, 28 January 2018 (UTC)
 * It’s true that Tokyo Station has some exits named Yaesu, but Tokyo Station including those parts should be within Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku. See the official website.
 * If you disagree, please provide a reliable source. (Google Maps is not reliable, I think.) Thank you.—Chiro08 (talk) 23:18, 28 January 2018 (UTC)

The address itself I think should be reliable enough. If you zoom in, you'll see the Yaesu Underground Central Exit branches all the way into Yaesu, Chuo. This is the Chuo Tourist Office's guide to the Yaesu underground area: https://centraltokyo-tourism.com/en/spot/detail/100302021 126.209.206.205 (talk) 05:50, 29 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Yaesu Shopping Mall is not a part of Tokyo Station. Would you show another source?--Chiro08 (talk) 07:43, 29 January 2018 (UTC)

Maronouchi side or frontage?
I do acknowledge that previous revisions of the page says "Maronouchi frontage" as the first image's description. I want a clarification to why the term "frontage" is used and why are people insisting that the term is more preferrable than "side", even if Tokyo station does indeed have two sides and no front?

title: Talk:Tokyo Station


text:
Negative and positive atheism

Negative atheism, also called weak atheism and soft atheism, is any type of atheism where a person does not believe in the existence of any deities but does not necessarily explicitly assert that there are none. Positive atheism, also called strong atheism and hard atheism, is the form of atheism that additionally asserts that no deities exist.

The terms "negative atheism" and "positive atheism" were used by Antony Flew in 1976 and have appeared in George H. Smith's and Michael Martin's writings since 1990.

Scope of application
Because of flexibility in the term god, it is possible that a person could be a positive/strong atheist in terms of certain conceptions of God, while remaining a negative/weak atheist in terms of others. For example, the God of classical theism is often considered to be a personal supreme being who is omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent, caring about humans and human affairs. One might be a positive atheist for such a deity, while being a negative atheist with respect to a deistic conception of God by rejecting belief in such a deity but not explicitly asserting it to be false.

Positive and negative atheism are frequently used by the philosopher George H. Smith as synonyms of the less-well-known categories of implicit and explicit atheism, also relating to whether an individual holds a specific view that gods do not exist. "Positive" atheists explicitly assert that it is false that any deities exist. "Negative" atheists assert they do not believe any deities exist, but do not necessarily explicitly assert it is true that no deity exists. Those who do not believe any deities exist, but do not assert such non-belief, are included among implicit atheists. Among "implicit" atheists are thus included the following: children and adults who have never heard of deities; people who have heard of deities but have never given the idea any considerable thought; and those agnostics who suspend belief about deities, but do not reject such belief. All implicit atheists are included in the negative/weak categorization.

Under the negative atheism classification, agnostics are atheists. The validity of this categorization is disputed, however, and a few prominent atheists such as Richard Dawkins avoid it. In The God Delusion, Dawkins describes people for whom the probability of the existence of God is between "very high" and "very low" as "agnostic" and reserves the term "strong atheist" for those who claim to know there is no God. He categorizes himself as a "de facto atheist" but not a "strong atheist" on this scale. Within negative atheism, philosopher Anthony Kenny further distinguishes between agnostics, who find the claim "God exists" uncertain, and theological noncognitivists, who consider all talk of gods to be meaningless.

title: Negative and positive atheism


text:
Six Days, Seven Nights

Six Days, Seven Nights is a 1998 American action-adventure comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman, produced by Reitman and Roger Birnbaum, and starring Harrison Ford and Anne Heche. The screenplay was written by Michael Browning. It was filmed on location in Kauai, and released on June 12, 1998. The film received overall mixed reviews, with praise directed towards Ford's and Heche's performances and chemistry, but criticism directed towards the screenplay's predictability. The film was a box-office success, grossing $164.8 million worldwide.

Plot
Robin Monroe, a New York fashion magazine editor, and her boyfriend Frank, are spending a week-long vacation in Makatea, an island in the South Pacific. The final leg of their journey to Makatea is piloted by middle-aged American Quinn Harris. Quinn's girlfriend Angelica, accompanies them. On their first night on the island, Frank proposes to Robin. Later, a drunken Quinn, failing to recognize Robin, unsuccessfully hits on her.

The next morning, Robin's boss Marjorie calls and wants her to briefly interrupt her vacation to supervise a fashion shoot in Tahiti. Robin hires Quinn to fly her there. While en route, a sudden thunderstorm forces Quinn to turn back to Makatea. Lightning strikes the plane, damaging the transmitter and radio. Quinn is forced to land on a deserted island but the plane hits a large rock that damages the landing gear. The next day, Frank and Angelica join an aerial search party for their missing partners.

Believing the island has a signal beacon, Quinn and Robin climb a high hill to disable it and bring a repair crew, only to discover this is a different island. They spot a yacht off the coast and row out in Frank's life raft. Using binoculars, Quinn witnesses a man being killed and thrown overboard and realizes that a second boat there belongs to pirates. The pirates see them and pursue the duo back to the island. After briefly getting captured, Quinn and Robin narrowly escape by jumping off a cliff into the ocean, then hide in the jungle. They discover a crashed World War II Japanese floatplane. Meanwhile, Quinn and Robin grow romantically attracted.

Back in Makatea, after a few days of unsuccessful searching, a depressed Frank, believing Robin is dead, gets drunk and sleeps with Angelica after she seduces him. Soon after, the search is ended and a beachside memorial service is planned for Quinn and Robin.

Meanwhile, Quinn and Robin salvage the floatplane's pontoons and modify Quinn's plane to leave the island. As they are about to take off, the pirates reappear and fire shells onto the beach, injuring Quinn. The duo are able to take off and fly over the pirates, who, shooting directly up into the air, accidentally destroy their boat when the shell lands on them. Quinn quickly instructs Robin on how to land the plane before passing out due to his injury, leaving Robin to fly it herself. Arriving at Makatea, she crash lands the plane close to the beach where the memorial service is in progress. Frank is ecstatic that Robin is alive, but secretly despises himself for sleeping with Angelica. Robin visits Quinn in the hospital and confesses her feelings for him, but he says their lives are too different and they part ways.

As Robin and Frank are about to fly back to New York, Frank confesses he slept with Angelica; Robin then reveals she feels something for Quinn. Both realize they are not in love, and Robin returns Frank's engagement ring.

Having a change of heart, Quinn rushes to the airport to find Robin, but is apparently too late as the New York-bound plane is taking off. Quinn then encounters Robin, who deboarded the plane and is surprised to see him. Quinn confesses his feelings for her, and they are happily reunited.

Production
The film was acquired by Caravan Pictures for Disney's Hollywood Pictures as a vehicle for Julia Roberts. Following Roberts' departure from the film, Anne Heche was cast.

The film features stunt work with aircraft. The effects were produced without CGI assistance. The crash scene of the de Havilland Beaver was performed with a Huey helicopter suspending the unmanned aircraft with a 200-foot cable with the engine running.

Harrison Ford is a certified pilot and did his own flying in the film, after fulfilling the insurance company's training requirements.

Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, Six Days, Seven Nights holds an approval rating of 38% based on 42 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critics consensus states: "A generally enjoyable, if completely forgettable piece of Hollywood fluff." At Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 $1/2$ -stars-out-of-4. He wrote highly of the films leads, saying Ford had "an easy appeal" and Heche exhibited "unforced charm", yet the film overall "seems cobbled together out of spare parts". Leonard Maltin called the film "an entertaining romantic comedy", and gave it three out of four stars, while observing "an obvious setup is played out with great verve by the stars."

Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat of Spirituality & Practice called the film a "humorous romantic comedy" and also praised the leads: "Harrison Ford is perfectly cast as the kind of man anyone would want around in a jeopardy situation. Anne Heche displays plenty of spunk and sparkle as a woman whose life is altered by her adventures as a castaway."

Box office
Six Days, Seven Nights grossed $74.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $90.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $164.8 million.

In its opening weekend the film made $16.5 million and finished in second, then made $10.7 million and $7.7 million the following two weekends.

title: Six Days, Seven Nights


text:
Gotthelf Bergsträsser

Gotthelf Bergsträsser (5 April 1886, in Oberlosa, Plauen – 16 August 1933, near Berchtesgaden) was a German linguist specializing in Semitic studies, generally considered to be one of the greatest of the twentieth century. Bergsträsser was initially a teacher of classical languages before deciding to approach Semitic.

He was a professor at Istanbul University during World War I, when he was an officer in the German army stationed in Turkey. While there, he studied the spoken dialects of Arabic and Aramaic in Syria and Palestine. One of his most well-known works is the 29th (and final) edition of Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1918–1929), which remained incomplete, containing only phonology and morphology of the verb. Also widely admired was his Introduction to the Semitic Languages (1928, English 1983). These brought him international fame as a scholar. His last position was professor of Semitic languages at the University of Munich.

Bergsträsser mostly engaged in the study of Arabic, focusing on the history of the text of the Qur'an. He worked alongside Arthur Jeffrey, a Methodist minister and professor at the American University in Cairo, filming early Qur'anic manuscripts and studying qira'at literature in preparation to produce a critical edition of the Qur'an. Bergsträsser left many of his planned works unfinished (including the rest of his Hebrew grammar and his grammar of spoken Aramaic), when he disappeared while mountaineering in Bavaria in 1933.

He was also a historian of Islamic law as evinced by his Grundzüge des islamischen Rechts (Basics of Islamic Law), which was edited and published posthumously by the famous scholar of Islam, Joseph Schacht (Columbia University). He covers topics such as the indigenous history of Islamic law, contractual law, personal law, family law, criminal law, business law, inheritance law, procedural law, etc.

Bergsträsser was an outspoken anti-Nazi and helped to save German Jewish scholars. Gotthelf Bergsträsser died on the 16th of August in 1933. His companion Friedrich Thiersch recorded an account of his death in a 16 page typed statement to the local authorities recounting that Bergsträsser had fallen off a sharp incline during the excursion and had injured his head. Thiersch had remained with him through the night until Bergsträsser died. His death though was the subject of speculation with some arguing that he was killed by a student for his anti-Nazi views while mountaineering in Bavaria.

title: Gotthelf Bergsträsser


text:
List of dances

This is the main list of dances. It is a non-categorized, index list of specific dances. It may also include dances which could either be considered specific dances or a family of related dances. For example, ballet, ballroom dance and folk dance can be single dance styles or families of related dances.

See following for categorized lists: Categories listed on these specialized (categorized) lists should also be included in this general index.
 * List of dance style categories
 * List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin
 * List of national dances

A

 * Abayı
 * Abbots Bromley Horn Dance
 * Acharuli (Georgian folk dance)
 * Acro dance
 * Adana
 * Adowa dance
 * Affranchi (Haiti)
 * Agbadza
 * Agir Karadagi
 * Agwara
 * Ai Georgis
 * Akogo
 * Alanta dance
 * Alkayida
 * Allemande
 * Amaggunju
 * An Dro
 * Angaliastos
 * Angama (from Japan's Yaeyama Islands)
 * Angelica
 * Animal dance
 * Antikristos
 * Antipatitis
 * 'Aparima
 * Apu Inka
 * Arab dance
 * Aragonaise
 * Arcan
 * Ardah (Arab tribal war dance)
 * Argentine Tango
 * Arkan (Ukrainian, Hutsul)
 * Armenian line dance
 * Asma kasma
 * Assiko
 * Assyrian folk dance (Assyrian folk dances)
 * Asyik
 * Atilogwu
 * Atsiapat
 * Attan (Pashtun)
 * Awki awki
 * Azonto (Ghanaian dance)

B

 * Baagh Naach
 * Bacchu-ber
 * Bachata (Dominican Republic, Latin Club, Folk)
 * Bachatango
 * Baagh Naach (Folk dance from Odisha, India)
 * Bagurumba (Folk dance of Assam, North-east India)
 * Baile de la Conquista
 * Baishou Dance
 * Bajidor Kahot
 * Bakisimba
 * Bal-musette
 * Baladi
 * Balboa (Swing)
 * Ball dels Cossiers
 * Ballet
 * Ballo
 * Ballos (Burçak tarlası oyunu) (Greece), (Turkey)
 * Ballroom dance
 * Ballu tundu (Sardinia)
 * Bamboula
 * Bandari dance
 * Bar
 * Barachum
 * Bardo Chham (Folk dance of Arunachal, North-east India)
 * Baris
 * Barn dance
 * Baroque dance
 * Barynya (Russian, folk)
 * Basse danse (also Basse-dance, Bassadanse,Bassadanze. French and Italian Renaissance dances)
 * Basque dance
 * Baton Twirling
 * Batuque
 * BBoying (Breakdance)
 * Bear Dance
 * Béarnaise dance
 * Bedara Vesha
 * Bedhaya
 * Bélé
 * Belly dance
 * Beguine, dance of Caribbean origin
 * Berd
 * Bereznianka
 * Bergamask (Be dance, from Bergamo, Italy)
 * Bhagavata Mela
 * Bhairab Naach
 * Bhangra (Folk Dance of Northern India)
 * Bharatanatyam (Indian classical dance)
 * Big Apple (Line dance)
 * Bihu dance (Folk dance of Assam, India)
 * Binasuan
 * Biyelgee (Mongolian)
 * Bizhu dance
 * Black Bottom (see Lindy Hop)
 * Blues (Club dance, Swing)
 * Bolero (American Ballroom, Cuban, European)
 * Bollywood (Indian)
 * Bomba (Ecuador)
 * Bomba (Puerto Rico) (African, Caribbean)
 * Bon Odori (Japanese)
 * Bondar
 * Boogaloo
 * Boogie-woogie (Swing)
 * Borborbor
 * Border Morris
 * Borrowdale (Zimbabweean, see Museve music)
 * Bossa nova (Brazil, see Bossa nova music)
 * Boston
 * Walking Boston
 * Bourrée (historical)
 * Branle (Bransle) (historical)
 * Brazilian Zouk
 * Breakaway (see Lindy Hop)
 * Breakdancing
 * Breton dance
 * Buchaechum
 * Bugaku
 * Bugg (a swing dance from Sweden)
 * Bump
 * Bunny Hop
 * Burlesque dance
 * Buta Kola
 * Butoh (Japanese)
 * Butterfly dance (American contemporary)
 * Buyō (Japanese)
 * Bwola
 * Byeongsin chum
 * Bygdedans

C

 * Cabbage Patch
 * Cachucha
 * Cajun dance (Louisiana, United States Regional, Cajun)
 * Cajun Jig or Cajun One Step
 * Cajun Jitterbug and Two Step
 * Cakalele
 * Cakewalk (Swing)
 * Calabrian Tarantella
 * Calypso (Caribbean)
 * Can-can (Cancan, can can)
 * Canaries dance (historical, Renaissance, court)
 * Candle dance
 * Candombe (Uruguayan)
 * Capoeira (dance and martial art, Brazil)
 * Caporales (Bolivia)
 * Carabinier (Haiti)
 * Carimbó
 * Cariñosa (dance of love) Philippines
 * Carioca
 * Carnavalito
 * Carpaea
 * Castle Walk
 * Cat Daddy
 * Căluş (Romanian ritual dance)
 * Ceili dance
 * Cendrawasih
 * Ceroc (Modern Jive, Club)
 * Chaabi (Moroccan Berber dance)
 * Chacarera (Argentina)
 * Cha cha cha or Cha cha (Cuba, Latin Ballroom Social)
 * Chaconne
 * Chaiti ghoda dance
 * Chakacha
 * Chakkirako
 * Chamamé (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
 * Chang Lo
 * Chapelloise
 * Charikawi
 * Charkula
 * Charleston
 * Chasapiko (Greece)
 * Cheerleading
 * Cheoyongmu
 * Cheraw dance
 * Chicken Dance
 * Chicken Noodle Soup
 * Chhau dance (Folk dance of Odisha, India)
 * Chhayam
 * Chholiya
 * Choobazi
 * Choreia
 * Choreography
 * Chukano horo
 * Chukchu
 * Ch'unchu
 * Chula (Southern Brasil)
 * Chumak
 * Chumba (Garifuna people in several Central America)
 * Chunaengjeon
 * Cibi
 * Cilveloy
 * Cinquepace, Cinque-pace
 * Circassian Dance
 * Circle dance
 * Cirebon mask dance (Java, Indonesia)
 * Clog dance (British)
 * Clogging
 * Clowning
 * Clutha
 * Cocek
 * Cocolo
 * Collegiate shag
 * Compas (Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique)
 * Competitive dance
 * Condong
 * Conga
 * Contact improvisation
 * Contemporary dance
 * Contra dance
 * Cordax Greek / Roman erotic dance
 * Cornish dance
 * Corridinho
 * Corrido
 * Cossack dance
 * Cotillion
 * Country/western dance
 * Country dance
 * Country/Western Two-step
 * Coupé-décalé
 * Courante (historical)
 * Court dance
 * Crip walk
 * Crnogorka (dance)
 * Crpi voda, Jano
 * Csárdás (Folk, Hungarian; also variants in Slovak dances, Rusyn dances, (Ukrainian dances, Lemko dances))
 * Cuarteto (Argentina)
 * Cuban rumba
 * Cuban salsa
 * Cueca (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile)
 * Cumbia (Colombia, Club)
 * Cumbia Villera (Argentina)
 * Cupid Shuffle

D

 * Dab (America)
 * Dabke (Arab folk dance native to the Levant)
 * Daggering
 * Dalkhai (Folk dance from Western Odisha, India)
 * Dance of Osman Taka
 * Dance video games (emotes from video games)
 * Dancer's Delight (Scottish)
 * Dances of Universal Peace
 * Danda Nata (Folk dance from Odisha, India)
 * Dandiya Raas
 * Danza de los Viejitos
 * Danza de los Voladores
 * Danza de tijeras (Peru)
 * Danzantes de Levanto
 * Danzón
 * Dappankuthu
 * Dashing White Sergeant
 * Daychovo horo
 * Deer dance
 * Deknni
 * Deodhani dance
 * Devil's Sword Dance
 * Dhaanto
 * Dhalo (from Goa, éIndia)
 * Dhamail or Dhamal (from Sylhet, Bangladesh)
 * Dhimsa
 * Diablada (Bolivia, Chile, Peru)Dab
 * Dilan (a Kurdish dance, Iran, Turkey, Iraq)
 * Dingi dingi
 * Dipat
 * Diplos horos
 * Dirk dance
 * Disco
 * Discofox
 * Djolé
 * Do-si-do
 * Dollu Kunitha
 * Domkach
 * Domni
 * Double bugg (a swing dance from Sweden)
 * Dougie
 * Dragon dance
 * Duke of Perth
 * Dumhal
 * Dunhuang dance
 * Duranguense
 * Dutty Wine - a West Indian, Dancehall-inspired dance

E

 * Earsdon Sword Dance
 * East Coast Swing
 * Écossaise
 * Ecstatic dance
 * Edonga
 * Egg dance
 * Eisa
 * Ekitaguriro
 * Ekizino
 * Electro dance
 * Electric Slide
 * Endeka Kozanis
 * English Country Dance
 * Engolo (combines dancing and martial arts)
 * Entarisi ala benziyor
 * Entogoro
 * Errenzhuan
 * Eskista
 * Espringale
 * Etighi
 * Ewoya Dance

F

 * Fa'ataupati
 * Fan dance (Chinese or burlesque)
 * Fandango (Spain)
 * Fanga
 * Farandole (Provençal)
 * Faroese dance
 * Farruca
 * Festejo
 * Figure skating
 * Fisounis
 * Flamenco (Spanish/Roma)
 * Floss (Western)
 * Folk dance
 * Formation dance
 * Forró (dance from northeast of Brazil)
 * Foxtrot (Ballroom Social)
 * Freak dancing
 * The Freddy
 * Frevo
 * Frug
 * Freestyle
 * Freeze Dance
 * Fugdi
 * Funaná
 * Furiant
 * Furlana
 * Fusion

G

 * Gainjeonmokdan
 * Gair dance
 * Gaitanaki
 * Galliard
 * Galop
 * Gambuh
 * Gammaldans
 * Gandrung
 * Ganggangsullae
 * Gankino (Bulgaria)
 * Gangnam Style
 * Gankino horo
 * Ganggangsullae
 * Garadi
 * Garba (folk dance of state of Gujarat, India)
 * Garland dance
 * Gato (Argentina, Uruguay)
 * Gaudiya Nritya (West Bengal, India)
 * Gaur Maria Dance
 * Gavotte (Brittany), Gavot (historical)
 * Gay Gordons
 * Gending Sriwijaya
 * Geommu
 * Gerontikos
 * Ghoomar (Folk Dance of Rajasthan, Northern India)
 * Ghumura Dance (Folk dance of Kalahandi, Orissa/Odisha, India).
 * Giddha (Folk dance of Northern India)
 * Gigue
 * Giknas
 * Gluvo-nemo
 * Gombey (Bermuda)
 * Gombhira
 * Goravara Kunitha
 * Goria dance
 * Goseong ogwangdae
 * Gotipua (Odisha, India)
 * Grancharsko horo
 * Grida dance
 * Griddy
 * Grinding
 * Grizzly Bear
 * Guaguancó
 * Guapacha
 * Gumboot dance (Africa)
 * Gusharaveli

H

 * Hacha'a
 * Hai-hak dance
 * Haka
 * Hakken (Dutch)
 * Halay (Turkish, Folk)
 * Halling
 * Hambo (Scandinavian, Folk)
 * Hand jive
 * Hardcore Dancing (Urban American Hardcore)
 * Harlem Shake
 * Hasapiko (Greece)
 * Hatzichristos
 * Headbanging
 * Highland dancing
 * Hip hop dance
 * Hiragasy
 * Historical dance
 * Hitch hike
 * Hivinau
 * Hoedown
 * Hojagiri
 * Hokey Pokey, also known as Hokey-cokey, Okey-cokey
 * Holubka
 * Hootchy-Kootchy
 * Hopak (Ukrainian)
 * Hopak-Kolom
 * Hop-tu-Naa
 * Hora (many named versions; folk, Bulgarian, Israeli, Romanian, Ukrainian)
 * Horon (Turkish, Folk)
 * Hornpipe (Ireland)
 * House dance
 * Huaconada
 * Huapango
 * Huayno (Peru)
 * Hula
 * Hulivesha
 * Hully Gully
 * Humppa (see Music of Finland)
 * Hunguhungu
 * Hustle and its variant, New York Hustle (Club)
 * Latin Hustle
 * Hutsulka
 * Hyporchema

I

 * Ikariotikos (Greece)
 * Improv Tribal Style Belly Dance
 * Indlamu
 * Innaby
 * Intercessory dance
 * International folk dance
 * Interpretive dance
 * Irish dance
 * Irish Sean-Nós Dance
 * Irish Stepdance
 * Isios
 * Isos Sinasos
 * Israeli folk dancing

J

 * Ja'i
 * Janger
 * Jangi
 * Jarabe tapatío
 * Jarana yucateca
 * Java
 * Jazz dance
 * Jenkka
 * Jerkin'
 * Jhijhiya
 * Jhum dance
 * Jhumair
 * Jhumar
 * Jig Ireland
 * Jig (Scottish country)
 * Jitterbug (Swing)
 * Cajun Jitterbug
 * Jitterbug Stroll (Line dance, Swing)
 * Jive (Ballroom, International Latin)
 * Joged (Indonesian)
 * Joget
 * John Wall dance
 * Jookin
 * Jota (Spanish dance)
 * Jove Malaj Mome (Bulgarian folk dance)
 * Juego de maní
 * Jumpstyle (Techno based dance)

K

 * Kabasaran
 * Kachāshī (Okinawa, Japan)
 * Kakilambe
 * Kalamatianos (Greece)
 * Kalbelia
 * Kalikapatadi
 * Kalymnikos (Greece)
 * Kamarinskaya (Russia)
 * Kamilierikos
 * Kamrupi dance
 * Kancet Papatai
 * Kanella
 * Kangeli
 * Kangilu
 * Kaosikii dance
 * Kapitan Louka
 * Karakattam
 * Karana
 * Karikázó
 * Karma Naach
 * Karsilamas
 * Entarisi ala benziyor
 * Kastorianos
 * Kaşık Havası
 * Kathak (Classical Indian dance)
 * Kathakali (India, incorporates dance)
 * Katsabadianos
 * Kebyar duduk
 * Kecak
 * Kechagiadikos
 * Keisabadi (Folk dance from Odisha, India)
 * Kenshibu
 * Kerala Natanam (Indian dance created by Guru Gopinath)
 * Kerkiraikos
 * Khaleegy
 * Khanchobany
 * Khasapiko (Greece)
 * Khattak Dance (Pashtun)
 * Khigga (Assyrian folk dance)
 * Khon (Thai dance)
 * Khorovod (Russia)
 * Khorumi
 * Kikkli
 * Kinigitos
 * Kizomba (Angola)
 * Kleistos (Greece)
 * Klezmer (Israeli Jewish)
 * Klompendansen (Dutch)
 * Kochari
 * Koftos (Greece)
 * Kolannalu
 * Kolata
 * Kolbasti (Turkey)
 * Kolo (Slavic)
 * Kolomyjka (Ukrainian)
 * Kontradans (Haiti)
 * Kopačka
 * Kopanitsa (Bulgaria)
 * Körtánc
 * Kotsari or Kochari (Քոչարի; Koçari; Κότσαρι; ქოჩარი; Laz: Koçari; Köçəri)
 * Koutsos
 * Kōwakamai
 * Kozachok (Ukrainian)
 * Kpanlogo
 * Krakowiak (Poland)
 * Krishnanattam (India)
 * Kromanti dance
 * Krumping
 * Kuchipudi (Classical Indian dance)
 * Kuda Lumping
 * Kuduro
 * Kujawiak (Poland)
 * Kullawada
 * Kumi Odori
 * Kumina
 * Kummi
 * Kurdish dance (Iran and Iraq)
 * Kwassa kwassa

L

 * Lafina
 * Lahasua
 * Lakalaka
 * Lambada
 * Lambeth Walk
 * Lambri Kamara
 * Lap dance
 * Larakaraka
 * Lasya
 * Latin dance
 * Lavani (Indian, Maharashtra)
 * Ländler (Austria)
 * Lebang Boomani dance
 * Legényes
 * Legong
 * Lerikos (Greece)
 * LeRoc (Modern Jive, Ceroc)
 * Les Lanciers
 * Letkajenkka (also known as Letkis, Letkajenka, Letkiss, Letka-Enka, Let's Kiss Jenka, La Yenka)
 * Leventikos (Greece)
 * Lezginka (Russian Caucasus Region)
 * Lezim
 * Likok Pulo
 * Limbo (dancers pass under horizontal pole)
 * Linđo
 * Lindy Hop (Swing)
 * Line dance
 * Lion dance
 * Lipothymiarikos
 * Liscio (Italian traditional music and dance inspired to Waltz, Polka and Mazurka)
 * Llamerada
 * Locking
 * Long Sword
 * Loulouvikos
 * Loure (historical)
 * Luri dance (Iran and Iraq)
 * Lyrical dance

M

 * Maanch
 * Macarena (Spain)
 * Maculelê
 * Madison (Line dance)
 * Maglalatik (Folk Dance of Philippines)
 * Mahari dance
 * Mak Inang
 * Makedonia
 * Makedonikos antikristos
 * Makrinitsa dance
 * Mak Sa'moa
 * Mako
 * Malaguena
 * Malhão
 * Malwai Giddha
 * Mambo (American Ballroom, of Cuban origin)
 * Mamita
 * Mandilatos
 * Maniatikos
 * Manipuri (Classical Indian Dance)
 * Mapalé
 * Mapouka
 * Mardana Jhumair
 * Marinera (Peru)
 * Mascherata
 * Mashed Potato
 * Masque
 * Matachin (Matachines)
 * Matki dance
 * Māʻuluʻulu
 * Maypole dance
 * Maxixe (Social)
 * Mazur (dance) (Poland)
 * Mazurka (Poland)
 * Mchogoro (Mayotte)
 * Medieval dance
 * Meʻetuʻupaki
 * Meke
 * Melbourne Shuffle (Australia)
 * Menora
 * Merengue (Latin Club)
 * Méringue (Haiti)
 * Metelytsia ((Ukrainian), khorovod)
 * Metsovitikos
 * Mihanikos
 * Milonga (see Argentine Tango)
 * Minuet
 * Mirzayi
 * Mixer dance
 * Mizmar
 * Modern dance
 * Modern Jive
 * Mohiniyattam (Indian classical dance)
 * Molly dance
 * Monferrina
 * Monodiplos
 * Moonwalker
 * Moraego
 * Morenada (Bolivia)
 * Moresca
 * Moreška
 * Morris dance
 * Mosak sulmani dance
 * Moshing
 * Mpougatsas
 * Mugo
 * Muiñeira (Galicia, Spain)
 * Mujra
 * Mule
 * Murga (Argentina, Uruguay, Spain)
 * Mussoll
 * Mwanzele

N

 * Nabichum
 * Nacnī (Folk dance from Odisha/Orissa)
 * Nae Nae
 * Naleyo
 * Namgen
 * Napoloni
 * Nati
 * Newa dance
 * New Vogue
 * Niiko
 * Nijemo Kolo
 * Nizamikos
 * Novelty and fad dances
 * Ntames
 * Ntournerakia
 * Nutbush

O

 * O Nikolos
 * Oberek (also called Obertas or Ober, Poland)
 * Odissi
 * Okemea.k.a. * Orissi (Odisha, India)
 * Odzemek
 * Ohafia War Dance
 * Ohangla dance
 * Ojapali (folk dance from Assam, India)
 * Okayama
 * Okumkpa
 * Oleg
 * Omal
 * One-Step
 * Oro (eagle dance)
 * Orunyege-Ntogoro
 * Oruro Diablada
 * 'ote'a
 * Otole dance
 * ʻotuhaka
 * Owa dance

P

 * P'aquchi
 * Pa'o'a
 * Pachanga
 * Padayani
 * Padhar dance
 * Pagode
 * Paidushko horo
 * Pakurumo
 * Palamakia
 * Palo de Mayo (Nicaragua), Afro-Caribbean influence, not to be confused with Maypole dance
 * Pambiche
 * Pandanggo
 * Pangalay
 * Panthi (Folk dance of Chhattisgarh, India)
 * Pantsula (South Africa)
 * Panyembrama
 * Para Para
 * Parai Attam
 * Partalos
 * Participation dance
 * Partner dance
 * Passacaglia (Passacaille) (historical)
 * Passepied (historical)
 * Pasillo
 * Pasodoble (Spanish Ballroom, International Latin)
 * Pavane (historical)
 * Pavri Nach
 * Peabody (ballroom)
 * Peacock dance
 * Peewee style (originated by Pee-wee Herman in Pee-wee's Big Adventure)
 * Pembe
 * Pendet
 * Pentozali (Greece)
 * Perini Shivatandavam
 * Perinița
 * Perkhuli
 * Persian dance (Iran)
 * Petrunino Horo
 * Phulpati dance
 * Pidikhtos (Greece)
 * Pilioritikos
 * Pirgousikos
 * Piva
 * Pizzica
 * Plataniotiko Nero
 * Plena
 * Poco-poco
 * Podaraki
 * Pogo (A punk dance, consisting of jumping up and down)
 * Pogonishte
 * Pole dancing
 * Polka - many named versions (Ballroom, Folk, Historical)
 * Polka-mazurka
 * Polonaise
 * Pols (Norway, Folk, see Polska)
 * Polska (pl.: Polskor; Sweden, Folk)
 * Pom Squad
 * Pony
 * Popping
 * Pop, Lock, and Drop It (Hip hop dance)
 * Potrčulka
 * Poustseno
 * Povrateno
 * Pravo
 * Prophetic dance
 * Proskinitos
 * Pryvit (Ukrainian)
 * Puliyattam
 * Pung cholom
 * Punta (Honduras)
 * Pyrrhichios (Dance from Pontos; Greek Black Sea)

Q

 * Qhapaq Qulla
 * Quadrille
 * Queer Tango
 * Quickstep (Ballroom)
 * Quebradita (Mexico)

R

 * Raas
 * Raibenshe
 * Rain dancing
 * Ramvong (Cambodia)
 * Rapper sword
 * Raqs sharqi
 * La Raspa
 * Raut Nacha (Folk dance of Chhattisgarh, India)
 * Rebetiko dances (Greece)
 * Red River Jig (Canadian Métis)
 * Redowa
 * Reel (Irish and Scottish)
 * Regency dance
 * Reggada
 * Rejang dance
 * Renaissance dance
 * Reog
 * Rhumba (a.k.a. ballroom rumba; International Latin & American Rhythm)
 * Cuban rumba (Cuba)
 * Rigaudon
 * Rinkafadda
 * Robam Meh Ambao
 * Robam Neary Chea Chuor
 * Robam Tep Apsara
 * Robot dance
 * Rock and Roll
 * Acrobatic Rock'n'Roll
 * Rodat
 * Roger de Coverley
 * Rom kbach
 * Romvong
 * Ronggeng
 * Round dance (two kinds: circular chain, couples)
 * Rougatsiarikos
 * Rudl
 * Rugovo

S

 * Sadi Moma
 * Sagayan
 * Salegy
 * Salsa (Latin Club)
 * Salsa Rueda (Latin Club, Round)
 * Saltarello
 * Saman
 * Samba
 * Samba de Gafieira
 * Samba (ballroom dance)
 * Sambai
 * Sammi
 * Sanding
 * Sanghyang
 * Sangini
 * Sangrai dance
 * Sapera
 * Sarabande (Saraband)
 * Sârbă
 * Sardana (Catalonia)
 * Sattriya dance (Assam, India)
 * Schottische
 * Schuhplattler
 * Scottish country dance
 * Scottish highland dance
 * Sean-Nós Dance (Ireland - Irish Dance in Sean Nós "Old Style")
 * Seann triubhas
 * Seguidilla (Spanish, folk)
 * Semba (Angola)
 * Sequence dance
 * Serpent dance
 * Serra (Greece)
 * Set Dance Ireland
 * Seungjeonmu
 * Seungmu
 * Sevillanas (Spain)
 * Sewang dance
 * Shag (Swing)
 * Carolina shag
 * Collegiate shag
 * St. Louis shag
 * Shake
 * Shalakho
 * Shim Sham (Line dance)
 * Shimmy
 * Shota
 * Sianos
 * Siklla
 * Simd
 * Simeriani
 * Singhi Chham
 * Singkil
 * Single Swing (Single Time Swing)
 * Singo Ulung
 * Sirmpa
 * Sirtaki (Syrtaki, Zorba) (Greece)
 * Sivas bar
 * Skank (dance)
 * Ski ballet
 * Skip jive
 * Skočná
 * Slängpolska (Sweden, Folk, see Polska)
 * Slip jig (Ireland)
 * Slow dance
 * Slow Foxtrot - also known as Foxtrot and Slowfox (Ballroom)
 * Snoa
 * Social dance
 * Soke
 * Sokkie
 * Solomon Islands dance
 * Son (Mayan, Guatemala/Mexico)
 * Šopka
 * Sōran Bushi
 * Sousedská
 * Sousta (Greece)
 * Špacírka
 * Sperveri
 * Springar
 * Square dance
 * Square dance (Modern western)
 * Square dance (Traditional)
 * Stage diving
 * Stamoulo
 * Stanky Legg (GS Boys)
 * Starotikveško
 * Stave dancing
 * Step dance (Ireland)
 * Stiletto dance (American contemporary solo dance)
 * Stomp dance
 * Strathspey
 * Street dance
 * The Strictly (British television dance)
 * Striptease
 * Strip the willow
 * Subli
 * Suleiman Aga
 * Sundanese dance
 * Surra de Bunda
 * Suscia
 * Swing (both as family of dances and as specific Texas dance)
 * Sword dance
 * Syrtos (Greece)
 * Kalamatianos Syrtos (Mainland Syrtos) (Greece)

T

 * Taepyeongmu
 * Tahtib
 * Tambor
 * Tambourin (Provençal)
 * Tamena Ibuga
 * Tamure
 * Tamzara
 * Tandava (India)
 * Tanggai dance
 * Tango (Argentina) (Ballroom, Social, Club)
 * Argentine Tango - also known as Tango Argentino (Social)
 * Uruguayan Tango - also known as Tango Uruguayo (Social)
 * Ballroom Tango - competitive and social dance styles
 * Brazilian Tango - see Maxixe
 * Finnish tango
 * Thirayattam (Indian Ethnic dance)
 * Thiriyuzhichil
 * Tanggai dance
 * Tanoura (Egyptian dance)
 * Tap Charleston (see Lindy Hop)
 * Tap dance
 * Tapeinos horos
 * Tarakama
 * Tarantella (Italian, folk)
 * Tatsia
 * Tau'olunga (Tongan or Samoan - Polynesian origins)
 * Tautoga
 * Ta Xila
 * Tecktonik ("tck")
 * Teke zortlatmasi
 * Tello
 * Temani (Israeli Jewish dance)
 * Temuraga
 * Tertali
 * Teshkoto
 * Texas Tommy (see Lindy Hop)
 * Thabal chongba
 * Thidambu Nritham
 * Thirayattam
 * Thirra
 * The Thistle (Scottish ladies' solo step dance))
 * Tiger dance
 * Tinikling (Philippines)
 * Time Warp
 * Tinku (Bolivia, Peru)
 * Tobas
 * Tondero (Peru)
 * Topeng dance
 * Tourdion (historical)
 * Toycular yarcan
 * Toyi-toyi
 * Traditional dance
 * Tranky Doo (Swing, Line dance)
 * Tranos Choros
 * Trata (Greece)
 * Trepak (The Nutcracker) (Russian dance; character dance from the ballet The Nutcracker)
 * Tropak (folk)
 * Tresenica
 * Tribal Style Belly Dance
 * Tripuri dances
 * Trizalis
 * Troika (Folk, Russian, Cajun)
 * Trojak
 * Tromakton
 * Tropanka
 * Tropotianka
 * Tsakonikos (Greece)
 * Tsamiko (Greece)
 * Tsestos
 * Tsifteteli (Tsifte-Teli) (Çifte-telli)  (Turkish) (Greece)(Romani)(Arabic)
 * Tsiniaris
 * Tufo
 * Tumba francesa
 * Tutsa Naga
 * Tutting
 * Twerking
 * Twist
 * Two-step
 * Cajun Two Step
 * Country/Western Two-step
 * Nightclub two-step - also known as California Two-step, abbrn: NC2S
 * Progressive Double Two
 * Twoubadou (Haiti)
 * Tyrolienne

U

 * Ukrainian dance
 * Ula
 * Ulek mayang
 * 'upa'upa, claimed to be the origin of merengue music and dance
 * Uprock (as known as Rock Dance or Rocking)
 * Ura
 * Urban Dance
 * Uzundara

V

 * Vallja e cobanit
 * Valse à deux temps
 * Van papuri
 * Varsovienne
 * Vayia Strose kai Louloudia
 * Veeragase
 * Veeranatyam
 * Verbunkos
 * Vesnianky
 * Vintage dance
 * Vira
 * Virginia reel
 * Vlečenoto
 * Vogue (dance)
 * Volkspele
 * Volta (dance)

W

 * Waacking
 * Waka waka
 * Waltz
 * Cross-step waltz
 * International standard waltz
 * Peruvian waltz
 * Venezuelan waltz
 * Viennese waltz
 * War dance
 * Wari
 * Watusi (fad dance)
 * Wayang wong
 * Weapon dance
 * West Coast Swing ("WCS"; Swing, United States)
 * Western swing (United States)
 * Sophisticated Swing (an older name of WCS)
 * Western promenade dance
 * Whirling
 * Wilt thou go to the barracks, Johnny?
 * Winterguard
 * Wolosso (Ivory Coast)
 * Worship dance

X

 * Xaxado
 * Xibelani (traditional Shangaan (South Africa))

Y

 * Yablochko (Russian, folk)
 * Yakshagana (Karnataka, India)
 * Yangge
 * Yarkhushta
 * Yein
 * Yingge dance
 * YMCA
 * Yosakoi (Japanese)
 * Youz bir
 * Yove male mome
 * Yowlah (rifle dance from UAE)
 * Yup'ik dancing
 * Yurukikos

Z

 * Zaharoula
 * Zamacueca
 * Zamba (Argentina)
 * Zambra
 * Zaouli
 * Zapateado (Mexico)
 * Zapateado (Spain)
 * Zapin (Malay traditional dancing, Malaysia)
 * Zarambeque
 * Zaramo
 * Zeybek dance
 * Zeibekiko
 * Zervodexios
 * Zervos
 * Zeybek dance
 * Zonaradiko (Thrace)
 * Zorba's dance, another name for Sirtaki (of Greek origin)
 * Zouk (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Haiti, Brazil)
 * Zwiefacher (Germany)
 * Zydeco (Louisiana, U.S.)

title: List of dances


text:
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title: User:Vanu


text:
Woodlands, South Yorkshire

Woodlands is a model village 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. The village lies adjacent to Highfields and Adwick le Street within the City of Doncaster. The colliery village was designed and built in the early 20th century by the architect Percy Houfton as tied cottages for the miners of the neighbouring Brodsworth Colliery. In an era of model villages such as Saltaire, Port Sunlight and Bournville, Woodlands, with extensive open spaces, many different designs of houses, and overall living conditions excellent for their time, possibly represents the height of the model village movement. The village is a conservation area.

Topography
Lying between the historic Great North Road (the former A1, now the A638) and a Roman Road, the houses in the village are in short terraces, typically of four, and face each other across wide avenues. At the back they typically overlook a large square open space. The Roman Road is Ermine Street, the branch from Lincoln to York via Doncaster and Tadcaster. Locally, it is colloquially known as the Roman Rigg, more correctly as the Roman Ridge.

Between the village and Highfields, the former country house of Woodlands has been adapted as a social club. Nearby is the Woodlands wildlife park, with Highfields Lake (an ornamental lake on the Pick Burn) and Hanging Wood (or Highfields Wood). In Highfields Wood is a stream, known as Robin Hood's stream, which springs near the Roman Rigg, and runs into Pick Burn. The stream may be so named as Robin Hood is reputed to have roamed in Barnsdale Forest, of which Highfields Wood was part.

In "The Park" a green of 24 acres is surrounded by about 120 of the workers' houses. The houses back on to woodland or to green open space and, instead of facing each other across a narrow street, look across perhaps 200 yards of parkland to the houses opposite. The nearby country house Brodsworth Hall, built in the 1860s for Charles Augustus Thellusson, was acquired by English Heritage in the late 1980s and is operated as a house museum.

Community facilities
The largest community facility is one built in 1924 for the miners and the community which is the miners welfare which originally stood on 15 acres of land and now provides the sporting and recreational facilities in woodlands The village has five public houses, The Woodlands (locally known as the swinger, now closed and rebuilt as assisted housing), Park Club, The Officials, Rhinos (formally Woodlands Working Mens Club known as the bomb) and The Highwayman (previously The Broad highway). There is one restaurant (Aagrah), three fish and chip shops, two Chinese takeaways, a snooker hall, cafe, post office, fire station, library, four hairdressers, a tanning shop, and one computer shop.

Education
Woodlands schools are Woodlands Infants School, and Woodlands Junior School, which are now known as Woodlands Primary School. There's also adwick infant and adwick primary school, and St Joseph & St Teresa's school which is an infant and primary catholic school. Outwood Academy Adwick is the only secondary school in the area.

Religious sites
There are two churches, Woodlands All Saints' Church and St. Joseph & St. Theresa's Catholic Church (with community hall).

All Saints Church (1913) is a red brick parish church built for this mining community by the Thellusson family, owners of Brodsworth Hall. The church's distinctive spire is visible from central Doncaster, the A1(M), and the main East Coast railway-line. The church is unusual for having a small baptistry positioned behind the font at the back of the church, for baptising adults by immersion. (In practice this baptistry requires candidates to squat or kneel down in it, and there is barely enough space for the priest to be in the tank with the candidate - though that has not prevented it being used for a number of adults and young people in recent years). All Saints was one of a few late Oxford Movement churches to be built with baptistries. All Saints is a Grade II listed building.

Sport
Brodsworth Welfare A.F.C. play at the Welfare Ground in the village; Brodsworth Main Cricket Club and Brodsworth Bowing Club are also within the Welfare Grounds. Bowling Fishing Darts Snooker and Pool all happen at Woodlands Park Sports & Social Club. There is also a gym in the club upstairs called Eco Fitness that does all different outdoor sports.

Refurbishment
The local council, DMBC, is using Green Corridor Money to give the Squares a facelift and to give the houses a back garden. 4 Squares had been completed by October 2009. The Brodsworth Informer, a Bi-Monthly, 16 page news journal, is delivered free to almost 4,000 homes in the area. 2003 saw the revival of the old May Festival, started in 1910 when mine owner Sir Arthur Markham was persuaded to give the miners a day off with pay for the Festival.

The village was featured on Thursday 30 August 2007 (at 6.30pm) on the BBC Look North's A-Z of the region.

Notable residents

 * Thomas Howes, actor.
 * David Pegg, former Manchester United player.

title: Woodlands, South Yorkshire


text:
Ginger Snaps (film)

Ginger Snaps is a 2000 Canadian supernatural horror film directed by John Fawcett and written by Karen Walton, from a story they jointly developed. The film stars Emily Perkins and Katharine Isabelle as Brigitte and Ginger Fitzgerald, two morbid teenage sisters whose relationship is tested when Ginger (who has started her period for the first time) is attacked and bitten by an unknown animal, and then later, during the next full moon, slowly starts to transform into a lycanthrope (werewolf). The supporting cast features Kris Lemche, Jesse Moss, Danielle Hampton, John Bourgeois, Peter Keleghan, and Mimi Rogers.

After premiering at the Munich Fantasy Filmfest in August 2000 and screening at the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival, Ginger Snaps received a limited theatrical release in May 2001. Despite modest box office receipts, the film was a critical success. It has since amassed a cult following and has been reexamined for its feminist themes. It was followed by a sequel, Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed, and a prequel, Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning, which were filmed back-to-back and both released in 2004.

Plot
In Bailey Downs, a rash of dog killings has been occurring. Brigitte and Ginger Fitzgerald are teenage sisters who harbor a fascination with death, and as children, formed a pact to move out of the suburb or die together by the age of 16. One night, while on the way to kidnap a dog owned by school bully Trina Sinclair, Ginger begins her first period. The scent of blood results in the girls being attacked by the creature responsible for the maulings. The creature bites Ginger. As the girls flee, the creature is run over by a van belonging to Sam Miller, a local drug dealer.

Following the attack, Ginger undergoes transformations that concern Brigitte. Her wounds heal quickly, and she starts to behave aggressively, grow hair from her scars, sprout a tail, and menstruate heavily. She begins dating her classmate Jason McCardy. One night, Ginger bites Jason's neck and has unprotected sex with him, despite his insistence to use protection. Later, she furiously beats Trina in public, and kills a neighbor's dog. Brigitte seeks out Sam to obtain information on what his van struck, and they agree that Ginger was attacked by a werewolf and is transforming into one. Sam suggests infusing an extract of monkshood, also known as wolfsbane, a perennial plant often referred to in lycanthrope folklore.

Trina accuses Ginger of kidnapping her dog. She fights with Ginger and is accidentally killed. The sisters hide the body in a freezer. Brigitte accidentally breaks off two of Trina's fingers, and the fingers are misplaced. On Halloween, Brigitte brings monkshood to Sam and he creates an extract of the herb. Brigitte is attacked by Jason (who was infected by Ginger when they had sex), and defends herself by using the monkshood syringe on him. She witnesses his immediate change in behavior, which proves it is a cure. At school, she discovers Ginger's murder of a faculty member and witnesses her killing another. Ginger discloses her intent to target Sam next at the Greenhouse Bash, a Halloween party hosted by him.

The girls' mother finds the fingers and Trina's corpse. She drives Brigitte to the Greenhouse Bash, saying that she will protect them. Brigitte arrives to find Ginger hurting Sam for rejecting her sexual advances. Brigitte wounds Ginger's and her own palm and clasps their hands together, infecting herself with Ginger's blood. She convinces Ginger of her loyalty and willingness to help her. As the sisters leave, Brigitte decides to abandon her mother. Ginger feels her transformation approaching and Sam knocks her unconscious with a shovel. They take Ginger back to the Fitzgerald house to prepare more of the cure for her.

Ginger transforms into a werewolf on the way home and escapes the van. Sam and Brigitte hide in the pantry as Sam makes the cure. When he goes to find Ginger, a transformed Ginger attacks him. After finding Sam, injured and bloody, Brigitte tries to save him by drinking his blood to calm Ginger, but is unable to go through with it. Ginger senses Brigitte's insincerity, and kills Sam.

As Ginger chases Brigitte, Brigitte returns to the room where they grew up. Brigitte defends herself while holding the syringe in one hand and a knife in the other. Ginger lunges at Brigitte and into the knife, fatally wounding herself. Brigitte lays her head upon her dying sister's chest and weeps.

Cast
Nick Nolan portrayed both the initial werewolf (nicknamed "the Beast of Bailey Downs" by the town's residents) and the "Gingerwolf", the werewolf which Ginger becomes.

Development
Director John Fawcett has said: "I knew that I wanted to make a metamorphosis movie and a horror film. I also knew that I wanted to work with girls". In January 1995, he talked to screenwriter Karen Walton, who was initially reluctant to write the script due to the horror genre's reputation for weak characters, poor storytelling, and a negative portrayal of women. However, Fawcett convinced Walton the film would re-interpret the genre. Walton has said, "a lot of werewolf movies seemed very much the same. My favourite was of course An American Werewolf in London, because it was at least a little punk about it, but it was still two white dudes grappling with the beast inside of them... I love stories that work on a lot of different levels, for a whole bunch of different kinds of people. That it turned out to be OK in the marketplace as just one girl's voice – and a director who really wanted to support that – is remarkable, I think, for the day".

Fawcett and Walton encountered trouble financing the film. They approached producer Steve Hoban, with whom they had worked before, and he agreed to produce the film. Hoban employed Ken Chubb to edit and polish the story, and after two years they were ready to seek financiers.

Motion International committed to co-financing and Canadian distribution, and Trimark Pictures agreed to be the co-financier, U.S. distributor, and international sales agent. The film seemed ready to go into production by fall of 1998; however, negotiations with Trimark caused the producers to miss the budgeting deadline for Telefilm Canada, the Canadian federal film funding agency. Rather than go ahead with only 60% of the funding, Hoban decided to wait a year for Telefilm's funding. During this interval, Trimark dropped the film. Lionsgate Films, who Trimark would end up merging with in 2000, took Trimark's place, and Unapix Entertainment agreed to distribute the film on DVD, along with Artisan Entertainment for the American DVD release. The film's budget was $4.5 million.

Casting
Casting the two leads met with substantial difficulty. While a casting director was easily found for Los Angeles, Canadian casting directors proved to be appalled by the horror, gore, and language. When one finally agreed to pick up the film, the Columbine shooting and another school shooting in Alberta suddenly thrust the public spotlight on violent teenagers. The Toronto Star's announcement that Telefilm was funding a "teen slasher movie" met with a flurry of debate and outrage in the media, which generated a significant amount of adverse publicity in proportion to the size of the project.

Casting took place in Los Angeles, New York, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Perkins and Isabelle auditioned on the same day at their agency in Vancouver, reading to one another off-camera. When their taped auditions arrived, screenwriter Karen Walton said that they were exactly as she had pictured the characters.

Coincidentally, both actresses were born in the same hospital, attended the same preschool, elementary, and private schools, and are at the same agency. Perkins was twenty-two at the time and Isabelle four years younger, but Perkins was cast as the younger sister.

Attention then turned to the next most important characters: the drug dealer and the mother roles. Mimi Rogers readily agreed to play the mother, Pamela, saying that she liked the black humour and comic relief in the role. Robin Cook, the Canadian casting director, put forward one of her favourites, Kris Lemche, for the role of drug dealer Sam. After seeing Kris's audition, Fawcett hired him.

In 2021, Fawcett revealed that Scarlett Johansson was originally offered the role of Brigitte, but her mother did not want her involved after reading a National Post article about a boycott of the film by casting directors in Canada.

Shooting
Principal photography took place between October 25 and December 6, 1999, lasting a little over six weeks. Three of Toronto's suburbs, Etobicoke, Brampton (Kris Lemche's hometown), and Scarborough served as the suburb of Bailey Downs. Shooting outside during Toronto's winter for sixteen hours a day, six days a week meant that sicknesses would make their rounds through the cast and crew every few weeks.

On the first day of shooting in the suburbs, all the still photographs for the title sequence were created. The bloody, staged deaths drew a crowd and Fawcett worried about upsetting the neighbours. The girls were covered in fake blood for the shots, and at the time, a homeowner's basement served as their changing room. Each time they needed to change, someone had to distract the homeowner's four-year-old child.

Long shooting days pushed the earliest possible start later each day until the scenes written for day were being shot after late into the night. Director of photography Thom Best solved the problem by using diffusion gel and four eighteen kilowatt lamps which generated enough light to be seen a mile high in the sky.

The special effects proved to be a major hardship, as Fawcett eschewed CGI effects and preferred to use more traditional means of prosthetics and make-up. Consequently, Isabelle had to spend up to seven hours in the makeup chair to create Ginger's metamorphosis and a further two hours to remove them. Often covered in sticky fake blood that required Borax and household detergent to remove, she further endured wearing contacts that hindered her vision and teeth that meant she could not speak without a lisp. The most aggravating thing was the full facial prosthetic which gave her a permanently runny nose that she had to stop with cotton swabs.

Post-production
Beginning in December 1999, Brett Sullivan worked with Fawcett for eight weeks to create the final cut of the film. Despite the short time for editing, the film was nominated for a Genie in editing. Despite a similarly tight schedule in the sound department, the film would also be nominated for a Genie in sound editing.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released on Roadrunner Records.

Release
Ginger Snaps premiered at the Munich Fantasy Filmfest in August 2000. The following month, it played at the Toronto International Film Festival, where it briefly received media attention following the positive word-of-mouth it had built up from Munich. Although called one of the stand-outs of the Toronto festival, attention died off and the film followed an unfocused release strategy, playing at various film festivals and building up more word-of-mouth. Ginger Snaps was released to Canadian cinemas in May 2001. It grossed CAD $425,753 domestically, making it the fifth highest-grossing Canadian film between December 2000 and November 2001. Owing to a cult following, it has achieved significant video and DVD sales. These earnings, combined with moderate theatrical success abroad, led to the production of two further films.

Reception
The film has a 90% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 58 reviews; the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensus reads: "The strong female cast and biting satire of teenage life makes Ginger Snaps far more memorable than your average werewolf movie – or teen flick". Critics' praise was centered on the quality of acting by the two leads, the horrific metamorphosis reminiscent of Cronenberg, the use of lycanthropy as a metaphor for puberty, and the dark humour. Scott Tobias of The A.V. Club wrote that the film was "seemingly left for dead" after playing at the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival but is now considered a cult film. It is ranked 78 on Time Out London's list of 100 best horror films, Tom Huddleston calling it "the best teenage werewolf movie, period".

Critics who panned the film thought the puberty metaphor was too obvious, the characters too over-the-top (especially the mother), and the dark humour and horror elements unbalanced.

Because the film links lycanthropy to menstruation and features two sisters, Ginger Snaps lends itself to a feminist critique. Feminist scholar Bianca Nielsen wrote: "By simultaneously depicting female bonds as important and fraught with difficulties, Ginger Snaps portrays the double-binds teenage girls face. Ginger is an embodiment of these impossible binaries: she is at once sexually attractive and monstrous, 'natural' and 'supernatural', human and animal, 'feminine' and transgressive, a sister and a rival".

Sequel, prequel, television series, and influenced works
Based on successful DVD sales, both a sequel, Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed, and a prequel, Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning, were filmed back-to-back in 2003. Even though Ginger Snaps 2 had a wider release than the original, it underperformed at the box office. Consequently, Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning went direct-to-video. In October 2020, a television series was announced to be in development.

The 2009 film Jennifer's Body draws frequent comparisons to Ginger Snaps. Their plots, and the relationship between the two main female characters, are strikingly similar in many ways. Despite this, Jennifer's Body writer Diablo Cody and director Karyn Kusama have controversially not referenced it as an influence.

title: Ginger Snaps (film)


text:
Bolivian

Bolivian may refer to:

 * Something of, or related to, Bolivia
 * Bolivian people
 * Demographics of Bolivia
 * Culture of Bolivia
 * SS Bolivian, later SS Alfios, a British-built standard cargo ship

title: Bolivian


text:
Talk:Bartolomeu Dias

{{WikiProject banner shell|class=Start|vital=yes|living=no|listas=Dias, Bartolomeu|1= {{WikiProject Biography}} {{WikiProject Portugal|importance=High}} {{WikiProject South Africa |importance=Mid}} {{On this day|date1=2005-02-03|oldid1=9926079|date2=2006-02-03|oldid2=37995592|date3=2007-02-03|oldid3=105268709|date4=2008-02-03|oldid4=188880493|date5=2012-02-03|oldid5=474696083}}

Bartolomeu Dias
bartholomew dais is how his name is spelled not bartholomeu dias {anon 1}

 * Bartolomeu Dias is the correct and proper spelling...{anon 2}

The original spelling is Bartolomeu Dias. The anglicized version is Bartholomew Diaz. --XX7 12:04, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

u know that if ya'll argue about it some more, the name might totally change completely, i likewise am doing a project but there's no need in starting WWIX on here about the name (which can be spelt either way...

Reply
Hey guys i have a project due on this guy and a whole bunch of other explorers and where they travled on a map! and i can't seem to find any thing on here that shows where he traveled on a actual map! I need more information! 69.22.87.71 01:58, 25 September 2005 (UTC)Samantha

well if you go to either google or yahoo and tipe in dias's exploration route then you should get what your looking for —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.100.20.210 (talk • contribs).

"the first European known to do so since ancient times"
The above line in the first paragraph needs at least some form of explanation, and preferably a link. I had always thought that Dias was the first person to sail from Europe all the way around the Cape, adn I doubt that I'm alone. --Dantheox 21:35, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Herodotus reported that a Phoenician expedition working for the Pharaoh Necho sailed around Africa sometime around 600 B.C.; the veracity of the claim has been hotly debated. Pirate Dan (talk) 01:37, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Phoenicians were not from Europe, but from Phoenicia, basically modern day Lebanon. The Ogre (talk) 13:47, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

--== Spelling Issues == His name can be spelled "Bartolomeu Dias" or "Bartholomew Diaz"; both ways are fine.{anon}

no you cant or if you look it up it wont pop up it will say did you mean bartolomeu dias —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.100.20.210 (talk • contribs).

The opinion from another reader: There's nothing wrong in anglicizing well known names of persons and places. Lisbon in Portuguese is Lisboa, London in Portuguese is Londres. I just think it is wrong to anglicize a Portuguese name by using a third language such as Spanish. Dias is a common Portuguese surname, equivalent to the Spanish Diaz. You, English speaking people, should either keep the Portuguese spelling, or use the English pronunciation system for the word: something like Bartholomeu Deeash?

You do not Anglicize those Dutch names containing the word Van by using the German Von, don't you? Another example: In Ukraine, common place names such as Kyiv are used in English as Kiev, which is the Russian word. Because the official language in Ukraine is Ukrainian, not Russian, Ukrainians are urging that Kiev should be spelled in English Kyiv instead of Kiev, and the English are beginning to accept that. So, please do the same to Portuguese names wrongly anglicized by using Spanish words.

Bartholomeu DIAS, not Diaz

TRISTAO da Cunha, not Tristan

FERNAO de MAGALHAES, not Ferdinand Magellan (this can be however accepted as Magalhaes, albeit Portuguese, became famous by serving Spain)

Antonio GUTERRES, not Gutierrez

Catherine of BRAGANCA (or Catherine of BRAGANSA, for the Portuguese Catarina de Bragança), not Catherine of Braganza

How do you pronounce his name?

Bartolomeu Dias died in the mega-storm on the same waters and shores of the Cape and of South Africa wich he had discovered 12 years before, in 1500, when Cabral`s fleet crossed the Cape of Good Hope and Southern African seas.

He discoveed South Africa - Diogo Cão had explored-discovered southwards at Namibia´s shores - Discovery for Eurasian and North African point of view, not for Native People point of view. Its a classical portuguese word and than spanish, dutch, english, french etc. for these deeds.

Bartolomeu was one of the influente Captains(and Pilot) in the fleet of 1500 and he was one of the oficial Discoverers of Brazil in 22 Aril 1500(Historical and documented event) with Pedro Álvares Cabral as Principal Captain.

Bartolomeu Dias discovered the connection between Atlantic and Indian Oceans (two Oceans) - Bartolomeu Dias discovered South Africa and Brazil - its History - two very important Nations today and tomorrow. His explorations and discoveries were central to modern Globalization.

- And maybe before, from 1487 to 1498, when he explored west Atlantic misterious waters with Pacheco Pereira also, in order to prepare Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral´s important voyages wich both had follow alisian winds and chains in west Atlantic near Brasil in order to avoid contrary chains wich Bartolomeu Dias had faced in 1488 southwards along the African coast (Very Important also in west Atlantic explorations) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.132.210.86 (talk) 15:14, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

Did Bartholomeu Dias's exploration around the Cape of Good Hope influence the native people?72.69.70.40 (talk) 20:17, 16 February 2010 (UTC)

I found the answer in google.(It had a link to the source I originally used, which is the "Original internet source" shown below.) I then answered my question on wiki answers. If anyone is interested, here is the answer:                       Yes. He originally named it the "Cape of Storms". It was later renamed the "Cape of Good Hope" by King John II of Portugal. Original internet source: Wikipedia: Bartolomeu Dias Here is a link to this answer in wiki answers: wiki answers: answer 72.69.70.162 (talk) 23:45, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

''If you want to reply, I will probably not see it, because I am now leaving this website and I will do the rest of my homework. I did not have school since Friday, but right now, the news says that we have a 2 hour delay tomorrow, so I need to finish my homework. I was only on this website to research this question.'' 72.69.70.162 (talk) 00:23, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

João Afonso de Aveiro (or Afonso de Paiva)
About: Another purpose of the expedition was to try to revisit the countries reported by João Afonso de Aveiro (probably Ethiopia and Aden) with which the Portuguese desired friendly relations.

João Afonso de Aveiro (or Afonso de Paiva) left Portugal in May 1487 on a mission to the Indies and Ethiopia, together with Pêro da Covilhã. Diaz left only a few months later, so the purpose of his expedition cannot be a revisit of countries reported by João Afonso de Aveiro, especially as Aveiro died 2 years later before he could report anything. Pêro da Covilhã is a more interesting connection to Diaz' story. Both are part of a connected Portuguese plan to find the Indies. Pêro da Covilhã travelled the East African coast as far south as Sofala and Madagascar (within 2500 km of Diaz' farthest point in South Africa). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.212.244.53 (talk) 10:22, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

 * You're right, and the information was uncited. I've deleted it.  Pirate Dan (talk) 13:19, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 12 December 2011
sixteen months should be changed to six months, if you look at the logic.

BlademanZX (talk) 20:37, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: The Catholic Encyclopedia states that the absence was 16 months and 17 days. The Wikipedia article is a bit vague about the departure date, but it was certainly in 1487, and they returned in December 1488, making for an absence of more than a year. Favonian (talk) 13:18, 13 December 2011 (UTC)}}

astrolabe
– — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.54.2.85 (talk) 03:28, 15 January 2012 (UTC)

Why, was vartolomeo sentence when he arrived in the guinea golf
Why — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.79.86.46 (talk) 20:29, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

help!!!!!!
when was bartolomeu dias born and where? thanks!

Using the map of Cabral's Voyage on this page
What am I missing? This page is about Bartolomeu Dias, the map is about Cabral's voyage and there are pages on Cabral and his voyages, which mention that Dias was part of that expedition. So, there is no justification for including the map here, not to mention possibility of users scanning the page without reading in detail and getting the wrong idea of what the map is about. Regards, Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 12:28, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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First navigator in HISTORY to round the Cape of good hope
He was not just the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope, but the first navigator, period. The notion that the Phoenicians might have done it before is completely unsubstantiated and there is no hard evidence for it. Not only didn't they possess the capable ships for such long voyages, it would have been impossible to do so in a single voyage without proper knowledge of the winds and currents. It took the Portuguese more than 50 years with the best naval technology available up to that point in history to be able to do so, so it is highly unlikely that someone would have succeeded in a single try 2000 years before, it is nonsensical. 81.84.171.239 (talk) 09:45, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

Brazil?
It says "This flotilla was the first to reach Brazil" which can't be right? 188.154.5.233 (talk) 20:22, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

 * The matter appears to be a subject of dispute, partially laid out in Discovery of Brazil. -- Pemilligan (talk) 20:26, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

What country did Dias and his crew sail to
What country did Dias and his crew sail to 41.122.69.148 (talk) 19:05, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

 * The articles states, Dias's expedition reached its furthest point on 12 March 1488, when it anchored at Kwaaihoek, which is in South Africa. Is that what you're asking? -- Pemilligan (talk) 20:29, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bartolomeu Dias