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Republican People's Party

The Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi,, acronymized as CHP ) is a Kemalist and social democratic political party in Turkey. It is the oldest political party in Turkey, founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president and founder of the modern Turkish Republic. The party is also cited as the founding party of modern Turkey. Its logo consists of the Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalism: republicanism, reformism, laicism (Laïcité/Secularism), populism, nationalism, and statism. It is currently the second largest party in Grand National Assembly with 127 MPs, behind the ruling conservative Justice and Development Party (AK Party).

The political party has its origins in the various resistance groups founded during the Turkish War of Independence. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, they united in the 1919 Sivas Congress. In 1923, the "People's Party", soon adding the word "Republican" to its name, declared itself to be a political organisation and announced the establishment of the Turkish Republic, with Atatürk as its first president. As Turkey moved into its authoritarian one-party period, the CHP was the apparatus of implementing far reaching political, cultural, social, and economic reforms in the country.

After World War II, Atatürk's successor, İsmet İnönü, allowed for multi-party elections, and the party initiated a peaceful transition of power after losing the 1950 election, ending the one-party period and beginning Turkey's multi-party period. The years following the 1960 military coup saw the party gradually trend towards the center-left, which was cemented once Bülent Ecevit became chairman in 1972. The CHP, along with all other political parties of the time, was banned by the military junta of 1980. The CHP was re-established with its original name by Deniz Baykal on 9 September 1992, with the participation of a majority of its members from the pre-1980 period. Since 2002 it has been the main opposition party to the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). Özgür Özel is the chairman of the CHP since 5 November 2023.

CHP is an associate member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), a member of the Socialist International, and the Progressive Alliance. Many politicians of CHP have declared their support for LGBT rights and the feminist movement in Turkey. The party is pro-European and supports Turkish membership to European Union and NATO.

Establishment: 1919–1923
The Republican People's Party has its origins in the resistance organizations, known as Defence of Rights Associations, created in the immediate aftermath of World War I in the Turkish War of Independence. In the Sivas Congress, Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) and his colleagues united the Defence of Rights Associations into the Association for the Defence of National Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia (Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti) (A–RMHC), and called for elections in the Ottoman Empire to elect representatives associated with the organization. Most members of the A–RMHC were previously associated with the Committee of Union and Progress.

After the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, A–RMHC members proclaimed the Grand National Assembly as a counter government from the Ottoman government in Istanbul. The Grand National Assembly forces militarily defeated Greece, France, and Armenia, overthrew the Ottoman government, and abolished the monarchy. After the 1923 election, the A–RMHC was transformed into a political party called the People's Party (Halk Fırkası) soon changing its name to Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası, and then Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) (CHP). With a united parliament, the republic was proclaimed with Atatürk as its first president, the Treaty of Lausanne was ratified, and the Caliphate was abolished the next year.

Atatürk era
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's People's Party began as a de facto successor of the Young Turks–Unionism movement. In 1924, a right-wing opposition to Atatürk led by Kâzım Karabekir, reacting against the abolition of the Caliphate, formed the Progressive Republican Party. The life of the opposition party was short. The Progressive Republican Party faced allegations of involvement in the Sheikh Said rebellion and for conspiring with remaining members of the CUP to assassinate Atatürk in the İzmir Affair. Atatürk's prime minister, İsmet İnönü, proposed the passage of the Law on Ensuring Peace which gave the government extraordinary powers. Martial law was declared, all political parties except the CHP were banned, all newspapers beyond state approved papers were banned (this ban would be lifted by 1930), and Karabekir's partisans were purged from the government. Republican Turkey was the third one-party state of Interwar Europe, after the Soviet Union and Fascist Italy. For the next two decades Turkey was under a paternalist one-party authoritarian dictatorship, with one interruption; another brief experiment of opposition politics through the formation of the Liberal Republican Party.From 1924 to 1946, the CHP introduced sweeping social, cultural, educational, economic, and legal reforms that transformed Turkey into a republican nation state. Such reforms included the adoption of Swiss and Italian legal and penal codes, the acceleration of industrialization, land reform and rural development programs, forced assimilation policies, strict secularism, women's suffrage, and switching written Turkish from Arabic script into Latin script, to name a few. With the Ottomanism question settled, Turkish nation-building was prioritized which saw nationalist propaganda, language purification, and pseudo-scientific racial theories propagated. In the party's second ordinary congress in 1927, Atatürk delivered a thirty-six hour long Speech of his account of the pivotal last 10 years of Turkish history, which ended with an appeal to the Turkish youth to protect the Republic. Its narrative has served as the basis of a growing cult of personality associated with Atatürk and the historiography of the transition to the Republic from the Sultanate. In the period of 1930–1939, Atatürk's CHP clarified its ideology from a vague left-wing-Unionism for 'The Six Arrows': republicanism, reformism, laïcité, populism, nationalism, and statism, as well as borrowing tenets from Communism and (Italian) Fascism. They defined Atatürk's principles, which were soon known as Kemalism, and were codified into the constitution on 5 February 1937. Opposition to Atatürk's reforms were suppressed by various coercive institutions and military force, at the expense of religious conservatives, minorities, and communists. The party-state cracked down on Kurdish resistance to assimilation, suppressing multiple rebellions and encouraging the denial of their existence. Anti-clerical and anti-veiling campaigns peaked in the mid-1930s. In the party's third convention, it clarified its approach towards the religious minorities of the Christians and the Jews, accepting them as real Turks as long as they adhere to the national ideal and use the Turkish language. However under the state sanctioned secularist climate Alevis were able to make great strides in their emancipation, and to this day make up a core constituency of the CHP. With the onset of the Great Depression, the party divided into statist and liberal factions, being championed by Atatürk's prime minister İnönü and his finance minister Celal Bayar respectively. Atatürk mostly favored İnönü's policies, so economic development of the early republic was largely confined to state-owned enterprises and five-year plans. Further left-wing Republicans centered around the Kadro circle were deemed to be impermissible, so they were also suppressed.

İnönü era
On 12 November 1938, the day after Atatürk's death, his ally İsmet İnönü was elected the second president and assumed leadership of the Republican People's Party. İnönü's presidency saw heavy state involvement in the economy and further rural development initiatives such as Village Institutes. On foreign affairs, the Hatay State was annexed and İnönü adopted a policy of neutrality despite attempts by the Allies and Axis powers to bring Turkey into World War II, during which extensive conscription and rationing was implemented to ensure an armed neutrality. Non-Muslims especially suffered when the CHP government implemented discriminatory "wealth taxes," labor battalions, and peon camps. Over the course of the war, the CHP eventually rejected ultranationalism, with pan-Turkists being purged in the Racism-Turanism Trials.

In the aftermath of World War II, İnönü presided over the democratization of Turkey. With the crisis of war over, factionalism between the liberals and statists again broke out. The Motion with Four Signatures resulted in the resignation of some CHP members, most prominently Bayar, who then founded the Democrat Party (DP). İnönü called for a multi-party general election in 1946 – the first multi-party general election in the country's history, in a contest between the DP and CHP. The result was a victory for the CHP, which won 395 of the 465 seats, amid criticism that the election did not live up to democratic standards. Under pressure by the new conservative parliamentary opposition and the United States, the party became especially anti-communist, and retracted some of its rural development programs and anti-clerical policies. The period between 1946 and 1950 saw İnönü prepare for a pluralistic Turkey allied with the West. A more free and fair general election was held in 1950 that led to the CHP losing power to the DP. İnönü presided over a peaceful transition of power. The 1950 election marked the end of the CHP's last majority government. The party has not been able to regain a parliamentary majority in any subsequent election since.

Road to the center-left: 1950–1980
Due to the winner-take-all system in place during the 1950s, the DP achieved landslide victories in elections that were reasonably close, meaning the CHP was in opposition for 10 years. In the meantime, the party began a long transformation into a social democratic force. Even before losing power İnönü created the ministry of labor and signed workers protections into law, and universities were given autonomy from the state. In its ninth congress in 1951, the youth branch and the women's branch were founded. In 1953, the establishment of trade unions and vocational chambers was proposed, and support for a bicameral parliament, the establishment of a constitutional court, election security, judicial independence, and the right to strike for workers was added to the party program.

Though the DP and CHP were rivals, the DP was founded by Republicans and mostly continued Kemalist policies. But despite its name, the Democrat Party became increasingly authoritarian by the end of its rule. İnönü was harassed and almost lynched multiple times by DP supporters, and the DP government confiscated CHP property and harassed their members. The DP blocked the CHP from forming an electoral alliance with opposition parties for the 1957 snap election. By 1960, the DP accused the CHP of plotting a rebellion and threatened its closure. With the army concerned by the DP's authoritarianism, Turkey's first military coup was performed by junior officers. After one year of junta rule the DP was banned and Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and two of his ministers were tried and executed. Right-wing parties which trace their roots to the DP have since continuously attacked the CHP for their perceived involvement in the hanging of Menderes.

The CHP emerged as the first-placed party at the general election of 1961, and formed a grand coalition with the Justice Party, a successor-party to the Democrat Party. This was the first coalition government in Turkey, which endured for seven-months. İnönü was able to form two more governments with other parties until the 1965 election. His labor minister Bülent Ecevit was instrumental in giving Turkish workers the right to strike and collective bargaining. As leader of the Democratic Left movement in the CHP, Ecevit contributed to the party adopting the Left of Centre (Ortanın solu) programme for that election, which they lost against the Justice Party.

İnönü favored Ecevit's controversial faction, resulting in Turhan Feyzioğlu leaving the CHP and founding the Reliance Party. When asked about his reasoning for his favoring Ecevit, İnönü replied: "Actually we are already a left-to-center party after embracing Laïcité. If you are populist, you are (also) at the left of center." With Feyzioğlu's departure, the CHP participated in the 1969 election with a Democratic Left program without qualms, though it achieved a similar result as its performance from last election due to the growing perception that the party primarily appealed to the educated urban elite. İnönü remained as opposition leader and the leader of the CHP until 8 May 1972, when he was overthrown by Ecevit in a party congress, due to his endorsement of the military intervention of 1971.

Ecevit adopted a distinct left wing role in politics and, although remaining staunchly nationalist, attempted to implement democratic socialism into the ideology of CHP. His arrival saw support for the party increase in the 1973 election. After establishing a coalition arrangement with an Islamist party, Ecevit made the decision to invade Cyprus. The 1970s saw the party solidify its relations with trade unions and leftist groups in an atmosphere of intense polarization and political violence. The CHP achieved its best ever result in a free and fair multi-party election under Ecevit, when in 1977, the party received 41% of the vote, but not enough support for a stable government. Ecevit and his political rival Süleyman Demirel would constantly turnover the premiership as partisan deadlock took hold. This ended in a military coup in 1980, resulting in the banning of every political party and major politicians being jailed and banned from politics.

Recovery period: 1980–2002
Both the party name "Republican People's Party" and the abbreviation "CHP" were banned until 1987. Until 1999, Turkey was ruled by the centre-right Motherland Party (ANAP) and the True Path Party (DYP), unofficial successors of the Democrat Party and the Justice Party, as well as, briefly, by the Islamist Welfare Party. CHP supporters also established successor parties. By 1985, Erdal İnönü, İsmet İnönü's son, consolidated two successor parties to form the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP), while the Democratic Left Party (Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP) was formed by Rahşan Ecevit, Bülent Ecevit's wife (Bülent Ecevit later took over the DSP in 1987).

After the ban on pre-1980 politicians was lifted in 1987, Deniz Baykal, a household name from the pre-1980 CHP, reestablished the Republican People's Party in 1992, and the SHP merged with the party in 1995. However, Ecevit's DSP remained separate, and to this day has not merged with the CHP. Observers noted that the two parties held similar ideologies and split the Kemalist vote in the nineties. The CHP held an uncompromisingly secularist and establishmentalist character and supported bans of headscarves in public spaces and the Kurdish language.

From 1991 to 1996, the SHP and then the CHP were in coalition governments with the DYP. Baykal supported Mesut Yılmaz's coalition government after the collapse of the Welfare-DYP coalition following the 28 February "post-modern coup." However, due to the Türkbank scandal, the CHP withdrew its support and helped depose the government with a no confidence vote. Ecevit's DSP formed an interim-government, during which the PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan was captured in Kenya. As such, in the election of 1999, the DSP benefited massively in the polls at the expense of CHP, and the party failed to exceed the 10% threshold (8.7% vote), not winning any seats.

Main opposition under Baykal: 2002–2010
In the 2002 general election, the CHP came back with 20% of the vote but 32% of the seats in parliament, as only it and the new AKP (Justice and Development Party) received above the 10% threshold to enter parliament. With DSP's collapse, CHP became Turkey's main Kemalist party. It also became the second largest party and the main opposition party, a position it has retained since. Since the dramatic 2002 election, the CHP has been racked by internal power struggles, and has been outclassed by the AKP governments of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Many of its members were critical of the leadership of CHP, especially Baykal, who they complained was stifling the party of young blood by turning away the young who turn either to apathy or even vote for the AKP.

In 2007, the culmination of tensions between Turkey's secularist establishment and AKP politicians turned into a political crisis. Since Baykal proclaimed the party to be the bulwark of the secularist establishment, the CHP assisted undemocratic attempts by the army and judiciary to shut down the newly elected AKP. The crisis began with massive protests by secularists supported by the CHP in reaction to the AKP's candidate for that year's presidential election: Abdullah Gül, due to his background in Islamist politics and his wife's wearing of the hijab. The CHP's campaign focused on the alleged İrtica (Islamic reaction) that the AKP victory would bring into government, which served to alienate liberals and democrats from the party. The CHP chose to boycott the (indirect) election. Without quorum, Erdoğan called for a snap election to increase his mandate, in which the CHP formed an electoral alliance with the declining DSP, but gained only 21% of the vote. During the campaign season, a memorandum directed at the AKP was posted online by the Turkish Armed Forces. The CHP boycotted Gül's second attempt to be voted president, though this time Gül had the necessary quorum with MHP's participation and won. The swearing-in ceremony was boycotted by the CHP and the Chief of the General Staff Yaşar Büyükanıt.

The party also voted against a package of constitutional amendments to have the president elected by the people instead of parliament, which was eventually put to a referendum. The "no" campaign, supported by the CHP, failed, as a majority of Turks voted in favor of direct presidential elections. The final challenge against the AKP's existence was a 2008 closure trial which ended without a ban. Following the decision, the AKP government, in a covert alliance with the Gülen movement, began a purge of the Turkish military, judiciary, and police forces of secularists in the Ergenekon and Sledgehammer trials, which the CHP condemned.

Between 2002 and 2010, Turkey held three general elections and two local elections, all of which the CHP received between 18 and 23% of the vote.

In the lead up to the US-lead coalition invasion of Iraq, AKP leadership failed to come to a consensus whether to participate. By a thin margin, parliament vetoed invading Iraq, due to half of the AKP's parliamentary group voting with the CHP against war. CHP leadership briefly held a soft Euroscepticism as the AKP government came close to an assension plan with the European Union (see Ulusalism).

Main opposition under Kılıçdaroğlu: 2010–2023
On 10 May 2010, Deniz Baykal announced his resignation as leader of the Republican People's Party after a sex tape of him was leaked to the media. Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu was elected to be the new party leader. Kılıçdaroğlu returned the CHP to its traditional social-democratic image and cast away its secularist-establishmentalist character. This involved building bridges to voters it has traditionally not attracted: the devout, Kurds, and right-wing voters. However even with Kılıçdaroğlu at the helm, after five general elections, the CHP still did not win an election, receiving between only 22 and 26% of the vote in parliamentary elections. The CHP supported the unsuccessful "no" campaign in the 2010 constitutional referendum. In his first general election in 2011, the party increased its support by 25% but not enough to unseat the AKP. The 2013 Gezi Park protests found much support in the CHP. The 2014 presidential election was the first in which the position would be directly elected and came just after a massive corruption scandal. The CHP and MHP's joint candidate Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu still lost to Erdoğan with only 38% of the vote. The two parties were critical of the government's negotiations for peace with the PKK, which lasted from 2013–July 2015. In the June 2015 general election, the AKP lost its parliamentary majority due to the debut of the pro-Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP), which was possible because of strategic voting by CHP voters so the party could pass the 10% threshold. Coalition talks went nowhere. MHP ruled out partaking in a government with HDP in a CHP lead government and the CHP refused to govern with the AKP after weeks of negotiations. In a snap election held that November, the AKP regained their parliamentary majority as well as MHP's support.

Kılıçdaroğlu supported the government in the 2016 coup d'état attempt, the subsequent purges, and incursions into Syria. This support went so far as to help the government pass a law to lift parliamentary immunities, resulting in the jailing of MPs from the HDP, including Selahattin Demirtaş, as well as CHP lawmakers. The party lead the unsuccessful "no" campaign for the 2017 constitutional referendum.

By 2017, dissidents from MHP founded the Good Party. Kılıçdaroğlu was instrumental in the facilitating the rise of the new party by transferring MPs so they would have a parliamentary group to compete in the 2018 election. In the 2018 general election the CHP, Good Party, Felicity, and Democrat Party established the Nation Alliance to challenge the AKP and MHP's People's Alliance. Though CHP's vote was reduced to 22%, strategic voting for the other parties yielded the alliance 33% of the vote. Their candidate for president: Muharrem İnce, lost in the first round, receiving only 30% of the vote. The Nation Alliance was re-established for the 2019 local elections, which saw great gains for the CHP, capturing nearly 30% of the electorate. A tacit collaboration with the HDP allowed for CHP to win the municipal mayoralties of İstanbul and Ankara.

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu was nominated as the CHP and the Nation Alliance candidate for the 2023 presidential election. Ekrem İmamoğlu and Mansur Yavaş, mayors of İstanbul and Ankara respectively, along with other party leaders in Nation Alliance, ran to be his vice-presidents. Despite the government's lackluster response to the economic crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, and the Kahramanmaraş earthquake, Kılıçdaroğlu lost his bid to Erdoğan after taking the race to a run-off and receiving 48% of the vote. The Nation Alliance again lost the parliamentary election to the ruling People's Alliance. Smaller parties to the CHP's right ran on its lists, which resulted in them receiving 35 seats in parliament for minimal electoral gains. At the 38th ordinary party congress held shortly after the election, Özgür Özel was elected leader of the CHP, defeating the incumbent Kılıçdaroğlu who had held the position since 2010.

Main opposition under Özel: 2023–present
The party won a major victory in the 2024 local elections. CHP mayors were reelected in Istanbul and Ankara, along with new victories in rural Aegean and Central Anatolian provinces. Since 1977, this was the first time the CHP won the popular vote winning 37.8% of the electorate, and was the AKP's first nation-wide defeat.

Ideology and political positions
The Republican People's Party is a centre-left political party that espouses social democracy and Kemalism. The CHP describes itself as a '' modern social-democratic party, which is faithful to the founding principles and values of the Republic of Turkey".

The distance between the party administration and many leftist grassroots, especially left-oriented Kurdish voters, contributed to the party's shift away from the political left. Some leftists critical of Kemalism criticize the party's continuous opposition to the removal of Article 301 of the Turkish penal code, which caused people to be prosecuted for "insulting Turkishness" including Elif Şafak and Nobel Prize winner author Orhan Pamuk, its conviction of Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, its attitude towards minorities in Turkey, as well as its Cyprus policy.

Numerous politicians from the party have espoused support for LGBT rights,  and the feminist movement in Turkey.

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu and then Özgür Özel have repeatedly called for Selahattin Demirtaş and Osman Kavala to be released from jail.

Foreign policy
The party holds a significant position in the Socialist International, Progressive Alliance and is an associate member of the Party of European Socialists. In 2014, the CHP urged the Socialist International to accept the Republican Turkish Party of Northern Cyprus as a full member.

During its latest war with Hamas, Chairman Özgür Özel accused Israel of committing state sanctioned terrorism on the Palestinian people, declaring "The Turkish left is never far from the Palestinian cause."

The CHP has supported Turkey's interventions in the Middle East. While it still supports Turkish intervention in Libya, it has voted against intervention in Iraq since 2021; since 2023, it has also voted against intervention in Syria.

The party is pro-European and supports Turkish membership to the European Union. They also support Turkish membership to NATO and the expansion of the alliance. The party MPs voted overwhelmingly in favor of both Finland's and Sweden's accession into NATO.

Electorate
The CHP draws its support from professional middle-class secular and liberally religious voters. It has traditional ties to the middle and upper-middle classes such as white-collar workers, retired generals, and government bureaucrats as well as academics, college students, left-leaning intellectuals and labour unions such as DİSK.

The party also appeals to minority groups such as Alevis. According to The Economist, "to the dismay of its own leadership the CHP's core constituency, as well as most of its MPs, are Alevis." The party's former leader, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, was also an Alevi.

The CHP also draws much of their support from voters of big cities and coastal regions. The party's strongholds are the west of the Aegean Region (İzmir, Aydın, Muğla), the northwest of the Marmara Region (Turkish Thrace; Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale), the east of the Black Sea Region (Ardahan and Artvin), and the Anatolian college town of Eskişehir.

title: Republican People's Party


text:
Talk:Wildebeest

Untitled
I think that a link to the GNU project is NOT completely irrelevant. The only difference between gnu and GNU is the case and there is a reference to this page in the GNU article.

On the other hand, no matter what the subject matter being discussed, one must not be afraid to bring GNU into the mix. connor rocks, if you will, the link that gnus would probably not be as insanely popular as they are today *without* the GNU project.

gnus aren't insanely popular you silly popular animals are fierce bears and cuddly penguins -- The opening line

''"GNU" redirects here. ''

is untrue: GNU has (as then stated) its own article and typing that with double quotes takes you there also. But it is output by a redirect macro and I don't know how to remove 1st 3 words without removing other referral to the uppercase acronym software topic by breaking the macro. Iph (talk) 16:05, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Is the XXXX wildebeest the largest wildebeest?

Yes like the XXXX whale, the XXXX wildebeest is the largest of all wildebeests.

Taxobox Species List
Currently the species box at the bottom of the taxobox lists the two Connochaetes species and three out of the five sub-species. Personally I think only the two species should be listed. What are your thoughts? -Rooivalk 07:34, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed - Rooivalk 02:49, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion
This article has rather poor formating, the text and pictures should be re-positioned to make the paragraphs more uniform. I dont know how to do this myself, otherwise I would. Harley peters 02:53, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Needing Confirmation
Anybody have a source for the claim that "implausibility of gnu" is the usual collective? This expression only gets eight google-hits: one is this article, and the other seven could well have this article as their source (they are not reliable sources themselves). Rhyolite 00:58, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Removed the link to collective animal names since the list does not include gnu and lists wildebeests as a herd not an implausibility 152.17.125.167 (talk) 16:58, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Wildebeest stampeding at 65mph? I find this very hard to believe that they run at only 5mph slower than cheetahs. Is there a reference to this? This - http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004737.html site suggests 50mph max, a considerable reduction.

No, Wildebeest and Lions have reached never in reality a speed so high, are data cabaret artist or of fanatic, and they make exceeded by many even faster ground animals.

Cheetah: 65 mph (105 km/h)

Springbok and Grant's Gazelle: 60 mph (96 km/h)

Hartebeest Tiang (Topi): 50 mph (80 km/h)

Thomson's Gazelle: 47 mph (76 km/h)

Ostrich: 46 mph (74 km/h)

Wildebeest: 43 mph (70 km/h)

Zebra: 40 mph (64 km/h)

Lionness and Tiger : 37 mph (60 km/h)

Leopard: 36 mph (58 km/h)

Sable Antelope: 35 mph (57 km/h)

Giraffe: 35 mph (56 km/h)

Lion: 34 mph (55 km/h)

--85.170.228.20 (talk) 09:43, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

While Wildebeest are of the antelope family and can run pretty fast, I have never observed them, even stampeding, at anything close to 65 MPH. My observations have been about 35-45 mph when stampeding. I have no reference otherwise I would correct and cite. LDEBarnard (talk) 03:34, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation of Gnu
This article contradicts itself. In the opening sentence, it declares that it is pronounced with a silent G (/nu/). However in the next section, it tells us the Dutch pronounce it [xu:] and the English pronounce it [gnuː] (as in the song). So who, exactly, pronounces it /nu/? Patch86 13:43, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Not me! Practically anyone I have ever heard say it uses /gnuː/ --Harris Morgan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.104.190.115 (talk) 21:44, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

The Dutch pronunciation is [ɣnu] or [xnu]. Xhosa has ingqu with a voiced nasalized aspirated palatal click. I would guess that that is Khoisan in origin and closed to the origin of the word. Could anybody confirm? 76.182.122.19 (talk) 12:40, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * /gnuː/ 193.44.6.146 (talk) 16:44, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Before the 1980's I never encountered the hard G pronunciation of gnu (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Space_Coaster). I have always known the G to be silent, like gnat, gnome, and gnostic. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_and_soft_G, which cited gnu (the animal) to be pronounced with a silent G. I think this is probably one of those many words in modern English which has changed how it is pronounced. My "The New Century Dictionary" D Appleton, New York / London 1946 says that "gnu" is pronounced "nü" or "nö".

Other words in the same dictionary that start with "gn" are gnar, gnarl, gnash, gnat, gnathic, gnathion, gnaw, gneiss, gnome, gnomon, gnosis, and gnostic. All of which are silent G. No "gn" word in this dictionary has a hard G. (BTW, this is the oldest dictionary I have, and its my go-to reference to quick check how words have changed)

http://dictionary.reference.com/dic?q=gnu&search=search has an audible pronunciation, which sounds like "noo".

My opinion is that it is clear that the "proper" pronunciation has a silent G. However, it has been mispronounced for so long, by so many, that either is probably acceptable in modern usage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mcphja2 (talk • contribs) 17:29, 28 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm asking for a citation for the /g@"nu:/ pronunciation. I've never heard it outside the Flanders and Swann song, where it is clearly jocular. +Angr 10:37, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
 * The Gnu song has an article - it say that the silent G is pronounced to deliberately comment on silent letters in the English language. It's passed into common usage and will probably end up in the dictionary. This is how language changes. Miriam webster has noo rather that g-noo and dates it to 1777, from the Khoisan t'gnu (which makes it sound Yorkshire...) Totnesmartin (talk) 11:25, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I hear it mispronounced about half the time. People try to pronounce the G. 'gah-new', 'gh-new', 'ga-new'. Some even try to pronounce the G without adding a syllable, ghnoo (ussually resulting in a word that is 1.$\overline{3}$ to 1.$\overline{7}$ syllables long). Darn speakers of Americonian, always putting the hack-cent on the wrong suh-lă-bull. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.106.46.59 (talk) 09:01, October 9, 2015 (UTC)

Conservation status
i request that the Conservation status, should be placed here, in fact to any animal for that matter.

Pece Kocovski 10:36, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

origin of name "wildebeest"
The name seems to be derived simply from "wild beast", but the spelling with 'ee' instead of 'ea' suggests a Dutch origin. Does anyone have any information about this? 84.198.246.199 (talk) 19:43, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * That's pretty much all correct, but it's more like savage beast/animal. Sillyfolkboy (talk) (edits) WIKIPROJECT ATHLETICS NEEDS YOU!  12:59, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * The article English words of Afrikaans origin lists it as being from the Cape Dutch, a forerunner of the Afrikaans language. The modern Afrikaans name for the animal is wildebees. It may be worth noting that bees in Afrikaans is cattle, which may make more sense than beast or animal. Booshank (talk) 20:39, 7 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Same goes for Dutch. beesten = cattle.-- DasRakel  〒 ''' 21:04, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Beast sometimes means cattle in English as well: cattlebeast, beast. Rmhermen (talk) 01:17, 12 February 2011

(UTC) Actually 'bees' in Afriikaans would be the genderless singular of cattle - thus wildebees, whilst the plural is 'beeste', thus wildebeeste. I suspect a faulty anglicisation of the Afrikaans in the etymology of this word. It would be interesting to know at exactly which point it became an accepted term for 'Gnu' in the English language. I imagine it would have been some time after the coming into being of Afrikaans as a language.
 * None of which explains why Microsoft used "Wildebeest!!" as a password for its Excel add-ins ATPVBAEN.XLA and FUNCRES.XLA (VBA/Excel Analysis Toolpack). -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 05:23, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

Predators
I think it is extremely unlikely that the cheetah, a slender and vulnerable cat, preys on Wildebeest. They must prey only on very young animals. Should this be explicitly stated? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.159.164.142 (talk • contribs) 19:42, 4 June 2009

3rd Jan 2010: Have removed " A predator in the middle would get trampled. " - this is nonsense! To the person above - cheetah do hunt down wildebeest. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.201.218.226 (talk) 09:38, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

No, the cheetah attacks only the calfs, only a group of 3 or 4 males can attack an adult, and still, it is risked for cheetahs. The cheetah is very fragile and a grown-up gnu could kill him easily, especially that gnus are considered the strong and aggressive antelopes, in the same way as an common eland, an oryx or a sable antelope.

Even a leopard cannot kill a healthy grown-up gnu, it attacks the pre-adults, has aprt if the animal would be hurt or patients. And I have already seen a male gnu in fight with a lioness, and he eventually escaped him. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Angel310 (talk • contribs) 21:21, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

2012
And a happy gnu year to one & all.

(Sorry, I could have resisted, but I didn't.)

87.74.73.172 (talk) 18:19, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

«This female-dominated sex ratio may be due to illegal hunting and human disturbance as higher male mortality has been attributed to hunting»

Or maybe because that´s what happens with all the other bovids known. Why one would expect a 1/1 ratio (adult male/adult female)?

Males dominate a small group of females, does this sound natural or unnatural?

Though I´m not necessarily denying that trophy hunting on males can have an impact.

Just me 5 cents. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 5.249.98.188 (talk) 19:01, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

Wielder-Beast vs Wildebeest
There is a group of Earthlings that protest in order Wildebeests are renamed as WielderBeasts.

No government supports that change because of economic reasons and dark deals with Wildebeest bribed trade unionists — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.84.199.7 (talk) 08:26, 27 June 2014 (UTC)

rinderpest
In the article it is stated that "Wild individuals can be competitors of commercial livestock, and can transmit fatal diseases like rinderpest". As of 2011 rinderpest has been completely eradicated. This part of the article should be changed to reflect that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.189.169.139 (talk) 16:20, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

"Wildebeest"
The lemma "wildebeest" sounds really funny to a speaker of the Low Countries' languages, because it simply means "wild animal". It's not a perfect lemma, could you please consider it being switched to "gnu" which apparently makes more sense, in spite of Afrikaans' special expression? --Ghettobuoy (talk) 03:04, 26 December 2019 (UTC)
 * The title of the article depends on the name most commonly used in reliable independent sources, and in this case is "wildebeest" rather than "gnu". Cwmhiraeth (talk) 07:39, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

Most used is Wildebeest, so article name should follow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chuka Chief (talk • contribs) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)

Broken template?
There is 2 (?) broken template on this page, and it messes up with the preview, can someone fix this?

36.80.25.44 (talk) 09:54, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thank you. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 11:47, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

"Lawton’s ñu"?
The taxobox template has the name "(Lawton’s ñu)" in it. I'm not sure where this is coming from. Additionally, "Lawton" is not mentioned in the article. Somerandomuser (talk) 01:26, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure where it came from. The name does not seem to be widely used so I have removed it. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 12:22, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

I love it 31.215.71.221 (talk) 20:11, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

CSS seems messed up
it's all wonky! 38.49.72.99 (talk) 16:18, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Wildebeest


text:
Talk:Gibraltar, Buckinghamshire

Untitled
"Today the life of the whole community of Gibraltar is the public house" sounds more like an opinion (a POV) than a fact. True, it's not the worst POV I've ever seen :-) but it's doesn't really add to the article.

Also, the WP style guide cautions against phrases that will date - so I removed "The building is still undergoing renovations". It might be true when it was written but will it be true when it's read in a year's time! :-)

Spellbinder 21:15, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * The idea was to update it once it's been done. I'm not planning on going anywhere.  Francs2000 21:37, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Hi Francs
 * That policy is Avoid_statements_that_will_date_quickly - it's not the biggest deal, but you need to remember that a reader will have no idea whether such statements have been updated to be current or not. BTW, I see you've written lots of articles on villages around Bucks; the ones I've read look really good so don't take my nit-picking to heart! Spellbinder

 * I'm a Buckinghamshire historian. It's taking a while, but there'll be one for every place in Bucks eventually.  Francs2000 18:07, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Gibraltar, Buckinghamshire


text:
USS Triton (SS-201)

USS Triton (SS-201) was the fourth Tambor-class submarine to be commissioned in the United States Navy in the years leading up to the country's December 1941 entry into World War II. Her wartime service was in the Pacific Ocean. She completed five patrols in the following 14 months, and is credited with the sinking of over 20,000 tons of Japanese shipping and warships. She was lost with all hands on or around March 15, 1943. Of the twelve Tambor-class submarines, only five survived the war.

Her keel was down on 5 July 1939 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard. She was launched on 25 March 1940 sponsored by Mrs. Martha E. King, wife of Rear Admiral Ernest J. King, and commissioned on 15 August 1940 with Lieutenant Commander Willis A. "Pilly" Lent (Class of 1925) in command. She was the first submarine and third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Triton, a mythological Greek god, the messenger of the sea.

The new submarine held her shakedown training in the Caribbean Sea from 14 January to 26 March 1941 and then conducted training and minelaying exercises in the Portsmouth, New Hampshire - New London, Connecticut area. Triton departed Portsmouth on 1 July, transited the Panama Canal on 12 July, and arrived at San Diego, California, on 20 July. Nine days later, she and sister ship USS Trout (SS-202) headed for Hawaii and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 4 August 1941.

First patrol
Assigned to Submarine Division 62, Triton made a training cruise to Midway from 30 August to 15 September, then participated in local and fleet operations in the Hawaiian area. On 19 November, the submarine headed west to conduct a practice war patrol and arrived off Wake Island on 26 November. On 8 December, she saw columns of smoke rising over the island but assumed it was caused by construction work being done ashore. That night, when she surfaced to charge her batteries, she was informed by radio Wake that Pearl Harbor had been bombed and was ordered to stay out of range of Wake's guns. The next morning, Triton observed the Japanese bombing the island. On the night of 10 December, she was surfaced, charging her batteries, when flashes of light from Wake revealed a destroyer or light cruiser on a parallel course. The submarine was silhouetted against the moon, and the enemy ship turned towards her. Triton went deep and began evasive action. When the Japanese ship slowed astern, the submarine came to 120 ft and fired four stern torpedoes—the first American torpedoes shot during World War II—on sonar bearings. She heard a dull explosion 58 seconds later and believed one had hit the target, then went to 175 ft and cleared the area. (No sinking was recorded, and she was not credited with one.) After their initial repulse on 11 December, the Japanese returned with two aircraft carriers, Hiryū and Sōryū; Triton was not informed, and made no attacks on them. Neither did she make any effort to evacuate the 350 Marines. On 21 December, the submarine was ordered to return to Hawaii, and she arrived back at Pearl Harbor on 31 December.

Second patrol
On 25 January 1942, Triton got underway for the East China Sea and her second war patrol, covering the sealanes to Dairen, Shanghai, and Korea. She was off Kyūshū on 17 February when she contacted a freighter. The submarine launched four torpedoes and scored one hit in the stern. The target stopped for a few minutes and then slowly got underway. That evening, Triton attacked another freighter with two torpedoes at a range of 1200 yd. One hit the Japanese cargo ship aft of her well deck, and the maru went dead in the water and began settling. Soon, several heavy explosions marked the end of Shinyo Maru Number 5. Four days later, the submarine intercepted two cargo ships. She sank Shokyu Maru with two torpedoes but could not attack the second ship because of its speed and the appearance of a four-engine patrol plane. On the night of 27 February, the submarine was on the surface for a battery charge when she sighted a ship approximately three miles away. She closed to attack and launched two torpedoes. One torpedo hit, but haze over the water and smoke from the damaged ship prohibited a second attack. Triton made no further contacts and returned to Pearl Harbor on 17 March, where she was praised for an aggressive patrol, earning credit for two ships totalling 12,000 tons (reduced to 5,982 tons postwar), but criticized for excessive use of torpedoes, which were in extremely short supply.

Third patrol
Triton (now in the hands of C.C. Kirkpatrick, Class of 1931) got underway on 13 April to return to the East China Sea. Ten days later, the submarine contacted a 2,000-ton trawler near Marcus, astonishingly stopped and not blacked out. After missing with two torpedoes (at point blank range), she surfaced to engage with her deck guns, firing 19 rounds of three-inch (76 mm) and "a hurricane of small-arms", leaving the trawler a sinking wreck, giving Triton the first confirmed sinking of an enemy vessel by deck gun fire by an American submarine.

Amid shallow, glassy seas and poor sonar conditions, on 1 May, she sighted six freighters, in two columns, escorted by a single torpedo boat. She launched two torpedoes, and both hit the leading ship, Taei Maru (2,200 tons), which sank, then two more at the next freighter; both missed. She fired at a third cargoman but the torpedo ran deep; a second torpedo, set shallow and aimed at a different ship, broke the back of Calcutta Maru (5,300 tons), which promptly sank.

Triton contacted an escorted convoy on 6 May and launched two torpedoes at the trailing ship; one sank soon after leaving the tube, the other missed ahead. She next spotted a destroyer coming to the rear of the convoy, fired two more (both set shallow) at this same ship from 1200 yd, and went deep to elude. Her sonar heard two violent explosions; Taigen Maru (5,600 tons) had sunk. At that point, the submarine maneuvered around and ahead of the convoy to position for another attack. When she attained the desired position, she launched four torpedoes—two at the third ship and two at a fourth. Triton heard two explosions from the first spread (one in the third ship), none from the second (which had avoided), as she was forced to take evasive action from the escort. The submarine later returned to periscope depth, but no ships were in sight. The convoy had cleared the area. On 15 May, she sank two deep-sea fishing boats with her deck guns.

The next day, after monitoring orders to other boats attempting to intercept without success, Triton ran into position and at 15.20 spotted the crippled Shōkaku and a destroyer, returning from the Battle of the Coral Sea. At 6700 yd, with the target making 16 kn, Triton could not close the range, despite surfacing and bending on 19½ knots (36 km/h). She sent a contact report, but it was not acknowledged.

One day later, 17 May, in "one of the luckiest finds of the war", I-64 surfaced right in front of Triton; she fired her last bow torpedo from 6200 yd and parts of the target were blown 100 ft into the air. I-64 (1,700 tons), the fourth Japanese sub sunk by the Pacific Fleet Sub Force, went down by the stern. Four days later, Triton fired her last four torpedoes at another enemy submarine; all missed. The patrol earned her credit for five ships of 24,200 tons (reduced to 15,800 postwar), terminating at Pearl Harbor on 4 June, as the Battle of Midway began.

Fourth patrol

Triton's fourth war patrol took her to Alaskan waters and lasted from 25 June to 24 August. On 4 July, she was patrolling in a heavy fog, in the vicinity of Cape Sabok, when the fog lifted enough to reveal a Japanese destroyer. The submarine trailed the enemy for ten hours, in and out of patches of fog, until she had closed the range to 3000 yd. Triton then launched two torpedoes, and one hit amidships. The Japanese destroyer Nenohi {right} (1,370 tons) capsized to port and slid under the waves in five minutes. Triton sighted a freighter on 28 July, but lost it in a fog bank. The same thing happened the next day. On 9 August, Triton saw an enemy submarine's periscope and prepared to attack. However, the Japanese sub struck first, forcing Triton to go deep as enemy torpedoes passed overhead. On 15 August, Triton launched four torpedoes at a darkened ship from a range of 1500 yd. There were two consecutive explosions, and flames shot over 200 ft into the air. To Triton, the enemy ship appeared to be larger than a destroyer. However, there is no official record of a sinking on that date. The submarine made no further contacts before returning to Pearl Harbor on 7 September, and was credited with two ships for 3,100 tons (postwar, only Nenohi, at 1,600 tons). She then entered Pearl Harbor Navy Yard for an overhaul until 6 December.

Fifth patrol
On 16 December, Triton got underway for a position 20 mi east of Wake on the Midway–Wake route. She was one of three submarines stationed between the two islands to mark the way for United States Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator bombers in strikes on Wake and to rescue the crews of any planes forced down at sea. She made no rescues, but, on the night of 23 December, she aided in guiding the Liberators in a night bombing attack on the island. On 24 December, the submarine sighted the mast of a ship on the horizon, headed for Wake anchorage. Triton (alerted by ULTRA ) closed to 1000 yd and launched two torpedoes. One hit under the stack, the other under the foremast. Amakasu Maru Number 1 was obliterated in a cloud of smoke and steam as she went under. The submarine then set a course for Brisbane. On 28 December, she sighted an enemy ship, closed to 7000 yd, and launched three torpedoes into the transport Omi Maru. The ship sank almost immediately and, although there was much wreckage, no survivors were seen.

Triton was then ordered to patrol the Truk–Rabaul–New Guinea shipping lanes, north and northwest of New Ireland, arriving on 30 December 1942. On 10 January 1943, Triton stalked an unidentified vessel but withheld her attack upon observing it was marked as a hospital ship. Three days later, she launched four torpedoes at a tanker and scored one hit. When the enemy began firing at her periscope, she went deep to begin an end around. About 20 minutes later, the submarine returned to periscope depth and launched a spread of four torpedoes. Two geysers of water rose amidships as high as the target's bridge, but no explosions followed. The next day, Triton attempted to attack a freighter, but an escort forced her down where she was subjected to a two-hour depth charge attack. On 16 January, she attacked two cargo ships, scoring two hits on the first and one on the second; but her victims forced her to submerge before she could evaluate the damage. Later that day, Triton fired her last three torpedoes at a large freighter but heard no explosions. She then headed for Australia and reached Brisbane on 26 January, with a total of 6,500 tons for the trip.

Final patrol
Falling under the strict tactical control of Admiral James Fife, Jr., Triton (now in the hands of George K. MacKenzie) on 16 February began her sixth and final war patrol, hoping to destroy enemy shipping between the Shortland Basin and Rabaul. She reported smoke on 22 February and a new Japanese radar at Buka. On 6 March, the submarine attacked a convoy of five destroyer-escorted ships, sinking the cargo ship Kiriha Maru and damaging another freighter. One of her torpedoes made a circular run, and Triton went deep to evade it. She attacked another convoy on the night of 8 March and claimed that five of the eight torpedoes she had fired scored hits. She could not observe the results or make a follow-up attack because gunfire from the escorts forced her down. On 11 March, Triton reported she was chasing two convoys, each made up of five or more ships. She was informed USS Trigger (SS-237) was operating in an adjoining area and ordered to stay south of the equator. On 13 March, Triton was warned that three enemy destroyers, including the Akikaze were in her area either looking for a convoy or hunting American submarines.

On 15 March, Triton reported she had attacked a convoy and had been depth charged. Even though attacks on her ceased, she could still hear distant depth charging for about an hour. No further messages from Triton were ever received. Post-war examination of Japanese records revealed on 15 March 1943, three Japanese destroyers attacked a submarine a little northwest of Triton's assigned area and subsequently observed an oil slick, debris, and items with American markings. On 10 April 1943, Triton was reported overdue from patrol and presumed lost, one of three lost in a month. This gave her 6,500 tons for the trip to Brisbane.

Awards
Triton received five battle stars for World War II service.

Legacy
Triton is the subject of an episode of the syndicated television anthology series, The Silent Service, which aired in the United States during the 1957–1958 season.

Triton′s ship's bell was not aboard the submarine when she was lost. It was located in 2011 and is on display at Naval Station Great Lakes in Lake County, Illinois.

title: USS Triton (SS-201)


text:
USCGC Triton (WPC-116)

USCGC Triton (WPC-116), a steel-hulled, diesel-powered Thetis-class patrol boat of the United States Coast Guard, was the fourth commissioned ship of the United States to be named for Triton, a Greek demigod of the sea who was the son of Poseidon and Amphitrite. She served almost simultaneously with the submarine of the same name. Today, she serves as a tour boat in New York City for Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises, and carries the name Circle Line XVII.

Coast Guard service
The contract for her construction was let on 17 November 1933 to the Marietta Manufacturing Company, Point Pleasant, West Virginia. She was commissioned as Coast Guard Patrol Boat No. 16 on 20 November 1934.

Assigned to the homeport of Gulfport, Mississippi, Triton operated in the Gulf of Mexico from at least 1 January 1935. On 1 July 1941, four months in advance of the directive whereby the United States Coast Guard was transferred from the United States Department of the Treasury to the United States Navy, Triton and five of her sister ships were turned over to the Navy. This action occurred simultaneously with the establishment of the four Sea Frontiers.

Four Thetis-class patrol boats, including Triton, were assigned to the East Coast Sound School, Key West, Florida, for duty as patrol and training vessels. Their collateral duties included operating under the aegis of Commander, Task Force 6, on Gulf patrol duties.

World War II
At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941, Triton was operating out of Key West. In or around February 1942, Triton was classified as a patrol craft and given the hull classification symbol WPC-116.

Although American warships had been actively engaged in patrol and escort missions in the Battle of the Atlantic even before Pearl Harbor, their techniques for combating the dangerous German U-boats were, in January and February 1942, still far from adequate. U-boats operating off the eastern seaboard experienced what they called "the happy time," before American convoys could be organized. In some cases, Allied ships would be sunk because they were silhouetted by lights in non-blacked out cities along the shoreline.

Triton's antisubmarine warfare (ASW) training missions were conducted along with local patrol and escort duties out of Key West from 1941 into 1945. She had her first brush with what she presumed to be an enemy submarine on 21 February 1942. On that day, she made one attack but without success. Over the next few days, upon occasion joined by USS PC-445 and USS Hamilton (DD-141), Triton conducted more attacks but did not make any strikes.

On 9 June 1942, when SS Lake Ormoc reported an enemy submarine on the surface in her vicinity, Triton directed Thetis to make the search. Triton, meanwhile, contacted the submarine R-10 which had been conducting exercises with the patrol vessels in that same area. When USS PC-518 took over the job of escorting R-10 back to Key West, Florida, Triton joined Thetis in search of the submarine. Eventually, PC-518 and Noa joined the hunt. Triton attacked with depth charges but, after a further search, concluded that the target was probably a tidal rip in the Gulf Stream, not a submarine.

Triton's next recorded ASW operation came soon thereafter, during the concentrated search and destroy mission mounted to find the U-boat which torpedoed the American steamer SS Hagan on the night of 10 June. The hunt, which involved radar-equipped United States Army Air Forces B-18 Bolo bombers, three destroyers, several PCs, and Triton and Thetis, took three days. On 12 June, in an area well known for false contacts, Triton attacked what she thought to be a submarine but later evaluated to be otherwise. Later that day, although not picking up propeller noises, the contact seemed strong to Triton's sonar operator, and the ship attacked. Again, the result was the same—negative.

The next day, however, was different. Thetis picked up GS U-157 (1941) trying to escape the "dragnet" and destroyed her in a single depth charge attack. That patrol craft recovered two pairs of leather submariner's pants and a tube of lubricant marked "made in Düsseldorf." There were no survivors. Triton took part in further attacks, along with the other ships of the hunter-killer group based on Key West; but, by that point, the enemy submersible had already been killed.

Triton remained with the Sound School, apparently, into 1945. On 10 February, while USS PC-1546 was engaged in "Robot Bomb Patrol," she picked up what she evaluated as a submarine contact. She and Triton, also in the vicinity, then conducted attacks but found no evidence that a kill had been made.

Post World War II
Triton apparently remained in the Gulf of Mexico region for the remainder of her active service in the Coast Guard. Reverting to Treasury Department control after the end of World War II, Triton was reclassified from WPC-116 to WMEC-116 (Medium Endurance Cutter) sometime in 1966. Her post-war duty station was at Corpus Christi, Texas, until 1967.

Tour ship
She was sold as government surplus and converted into a twin-deck passenger excursion vessel for Circle Line Sightseeing in New York City. Her two Winton 158-6 direct-drive diesels were replaced with two quad sets of four GM 6-71 diesels per shaft. Her electrical system was converted to AC with two 60 kW generators each powered by a GM 6-71. She has been a passenger excursion vessel named Circle Line XVII since 1973 and is still running as of March 2016.

Awards

 * American Defense Service Medal with "Fleet" clasp
 * American Campaign Medal
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * National Defense Service Medal with star

title: USCGC Triton (WPC-116)