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Bill Bruford

William Scott Bruford (born 17 May 1949) is an English former drummer and percussionist who first gained prominence as a founding member of the progressive rock band Yes. After leaving Yes in 1972, Bruford spent the rest of the 1970s recording and touring with King Crimson (1972–1974), Roy Harper (1975), and U.K. (1978), as well as touring with Genesis (1976). In 1978, he formed his own group, Bruford, which was active until 1980.

During the 1980s, Bruford returned to King Crimson for three years (1981–1984), collaborated with several artists (including Patrick Moraz and David Torn), and formed his own electric jazz band Earthworks in 1986. He then played with his former Yes bandmates in Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe, which eventually led to a very brief second stint in Yes. Bruford played in King Crimson for his third and final tenure from 1994 to 1997, then continued with a new acoustic configuration of Earthworks.

On 1 January 2009, Bruford retired from professional drumming, only briefly returning for a few private gigs. He has pursued other projects since then, including the operation of his two record labels, Summerfold and Winterfold, releasing an autobiography in 2009, and speaking and writing about music. In 2016, after four and a half years of study, Bruford received a PhD in Music from the University of Surrey. That year, Bruford ranked No. 16 on Rolling Stone list of the "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time". In 2017, Bruford was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.

Early life
Bruford was born on 17 May 1949 in Sevenoaks, Kent, the third child of Betty and John Bruford, a veterinary surgeon. He has a brother, John, and a sister, Jane. He attended New Beacon School in Sevenoaks, followed by Tonbridge School in Tonbridge, a boarding school. Bruford decided to take up drumming at thirteen after watching American jazz drummers on the BBC2 television series Jazz 625, and practised the instrument in the attic of his house. He cites Max Roach, Joe Morello, Art Blakey and Ginger Baker as the most influential drummers on him as a young man. Around this time, Bruford's sister bought him a pair of drum brushes as a birthday present, and Bruford would practise using them on album sleeves after he was told the sound resembled a snare drum while watching Jazz 625. Bruford recalled it as "a perfect education". Though he was given a single snare drum at first, Bruford gradually built a full drum kit. He later took a few lessons from Lou Pocock, a member of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.

During his time at boarding school, Bruford befriended several fellow jazz fans, one of them a drummer who gave Bruford lessons in improvisation and a tutorial book by American jazz drummer Jim Chapin. In 1966 and 1967, Bruford performed in the Breed, an R&B/soul four-piece with Stu Murray on guitar, Mike Freeman on saxophone, Ray Bennett (who would later play with Peter Banks's Flash) on bass, and Doug Kennard on guitar and vocals. After leaving school, Bruford took a gap year before he intended to study economics at Leeds University. In January 1968, he unsuccessfully auditioned for a place in Savoy Brown at a pub in Battersea, but he "hung around until the end and told them they had the wrong guy ... I talked my way into it". His tenure only lasted three gigs because he "messed with the beat", and followed this with a brief stint in the psychedelic rock band Paper Blitz Tissue. Bruford then spotted an ad in a music shop from the Noise, who were looking for a drummer to play with them for a six-week residency at the Piper Club in Rome, Italy. He remembered the experience as "ghastly", felt his bandmates could not play properly, and had to hitchhike back to London with his kit.

1968–1974: Yes and King Crimson
Following his return to London, the 19-year-old Bruford settled into a flat in north London and placed an advertisement for drum work in Melody Maker. It was spotted by singer Jon Anderson of the psychedelic rock band Mabel Greer's Toyshop, formed of bassist Chris Squire and guitarist Clive Bayley, who sought a replacement for their departing drummer, Bob Hagger. The four met on 7 June 1968; Anderson was so impressed with Bruford that he invited him to play with the band that evening at the Rachel McMillan College in Deptford. Their entire set consisted of "In the Midnight Hour" by Wilson Pickett as it was the only song they all knew how to play through, but Bruford was impressed with the band's ability to sing in harmony. Following the gig, Bruford had several offers to join soul bands, one of which earned as much as £30 a week, but chose to remain with Anderson and Squire, who took charge in forming a new band. The four entered rehearsals, which ended in Peter Banks replacing Bayley on guitar, Tony Kaye on keyboards, and the group changing their name to Yes.

Bruford played on Yes's first five studio albums during his initial tenure: Yes (1969), Time and a Word (1970), The Yes Album (1971), Fragile (1971), and Close to the Edge (1972). He received a writing credit on just five tracks: "Harold Land", "Yours Is No Disgrace", "Heart of the Sunrise", "And You and I", and "Five Per Cent for Nothing", a 35-second track on Fragile that was his first attempt at composition. His main interest was allowing the drums to "be heard" as Squire played his bass often in the higher register, and so developed a style that involved "unusual beat placement" and time signatures. He developed his musical understanding during this time, learning "how to read the horizontal lines, but not the vertical notes." Bruford recalled Yes being hot blooded and argumentative, with personality conflicts being the eventual reason for his exit. These, for him, included problems in understanding other members' accents, differences in social backgrounds, and many other issues that set the band in a constant state of friction between Anderson, Squire, and himself.

In July 1972, after Close to the Edge had been recorded, Bruford quit to join King Crimson, later explaining: "King Crimson was one of the only gigs for a rock drummer where you could play in 17/16 and still stay in decent hotels". Rehearsals began in September 1972, followed by an extensive UK tour. His instinct to remember complicated drum parts was shown when he learned how to play the long percussion and guitar part in the middle of "21st Century Schizoid Man", "by listening to it and just learning it." Bruford cites the six months free jazz percussionist Jamie Muir was in the band as highly influential on him as a player. Bruford is featured on Larks' Tongues in Aspic (1973), Starless and Bible Black (1974), Red (1974) and the live album USA (1975). Robert Fripp disbanded King Crimson in September 1974.

1974–1980: Genesis, Bruford, and U.K.
After leaving King Crimson, Bruford felt his "sense of direction was rather stymied" and was unsure on his next step. In late 1974, he became a temporary member of the Anglo-French band Gong for a European tour after drummer Laurie Allan was busted for drugs at a border. Bruford then chose to wait for an appealing offer while earning money as a session musician. The sessions were few, however, and the ones that he was a part of he called "unmitigated disasters". In 1975, Bruford played drums on Fish Out of Water by Chris Squire, HQ by Roy Harper, and At the Sound of the Bell by Pavlov's Dog. Later in the year, he performed as guest percussionist for the jazz fusion band Brand X, featuring Phil Collins on drums. Bruford then joined National Health for several live performances, but declined an offer to join full-time as there were already many writers in the group, and felt his contributions to the music, the majority of which was already written, would have caused problems.

By mid-1976, Bruford had rehearsed with Ray Gomez and Jeff Berlin in the US but plans to form a group failed, partly due to the members living far away from each other. He wished not to force a band together, so he decided to "watch, wait, observe and absorb". From March to July 1976, Bruford toured with Genesis on their 1976 tour of North America and Europe, supporting A Trick of the Tail. It was their first album and tour after original frontman Peter Gabriel had left, leaving drummer Phil Collins to sing lead vocals. Bruford had known Collins for several years and suggested sitting in the drum seat until Genesis found a permanent replacement. Bruford is featured on the Genesis: In Concert film and the live albums Seconds Out (1977) and Three Sides Live (1982). In late 1976, Bruford became involved in a tentative rock trio with Rick Wakeman and John Wetton, but they soon disbanded. According to Bruford, "A&M Records was unwilling to let its 'star,' Wakeman, walk off with a used, slightly soiled King Crimson rhythm section, and the idea folded." Bruford then rejoined National Health for a short stint.

In 1977, Bruford recorded his debut solo album Feels Good to Me (1978), with Dave Stewart (keyboards), Jeff Berlin (bass), and Allan Holdsworth (guitar). This was Bruford's first attempt at songwriting on a substantial level, and he spent a lot of time developing tunes on the piano. The four stuck together and became a full-time band named Bruford, which also featured Annette Peacock on vocals, Kenny Wheeler on flugelhorn, and John Goodsall on rhythm guitar. Later in 1978, Bruford reunited with John Wetton and formed the progressive rock group U.K. After their debut album U.K. (1978) and several tours, Holdsworth and Bruford left the group due to disagreements on the group's musical direction. Bruford resumed activity in his own group to release One of a Kind (1979). Almost entirely instrumental, the album contains some spoken lines by Bruford during the introduction to "Fainting in Coils". Subsequent gigs spawned the live releases Rock Goes to College and The Bruford Tapes (1979). Their final album, Gradually Going Tornado (1980), features backing vocals from Canterbury scene stalwarts Barbara Gaskin and Amanda Parsons, as well as Georgina Born on cello. Unfinished songs for a projected fourth album were recorded in 1980, but remained unreleased until 2017.

1981–1993: King Crimson, Earthworks, ABWH, and Yes
In 1981, Bruford returned to King Crimson in a new formation with Fripp, Tony Levin, and Adrian Belew. The four recorded Discipline (1981), Beat (1982), and Three of a Perfect Pair (1984), all featuring Bruford on an acoustic and Simmons electronic hybrid kit. Bruford embraced the Simmons drums for the next fifteen years as it allowed him to play programmed chords, samples, tuned pitches, and sound effects, which expanded his musical palette. In 1984, Fripp disbanded the group; Bruford picked the live album Absent Lovers: Live in Montreal (1998) as one of the best rock albums he played on.

In 1983, Bruford formed a duo with Swiss keyboardist and former Yes member Patrick Moraz after he learned that Moraz was living close to him in Surrey. The project had Bruford develop a "real taste for improvising". Under the name Moraz/Bruford, the two released Music for Piano and Drums (1983) and Flags (1985), two albums recorded on acoustic instruments. The albums were supported with several live shows, including a tour of Japan. Also in 1985, Bruford was approached by Jimmy Page to be the drummer for his new band with Paul Rodgers and Pino Palladino named the Firm. He recalled: "We rehearsed briefly, but I think decided we were mutually unsuited!"

In 1986, Bruford formed his jazz group Earthworks with Django Bates, Iain Ballamy and Mick Hutton (later replaced by Tim Harries), with initial assistance from Dave Stewart. By then, electronic drum technology had improved to Bruford's satisfaction and he resumed using the Simmons kit. The band toured the US club circuit through 1987.

Bruford put Earthworks on hold in late 1988, after Jon Anderson invited him to play on a new album that also featured past Yes members Rick Wakeman and Steve Howe. Bruford was under the impression that he was performing on an Anderson solo album, but the four went on to become a group and named themselves Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (ABWH). Bruford later remarked that while ABWH could have been an interesting group had they been given time to develop instead of being pushed immediately into a recording studio, for him it was primarily a business-motivated arrangement which he took on so that he could pay for Earthworks. Bruford was attracted to the idea of recording on Montserrat, and convinced Anderson to have Tony Levin on bass. Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (1989) was supported by a world tour, and in 1990, while recording a second album, ABWH merged with Yes to become an eight-member formation. Union (1991), featuring tracks from both groups, was criticised by almost the entire band; Bruford called it "the worst record I've ever been on". He took part in the subsequent Union Tour in 1991 and 1992, and though he enjoyed the enthusiastic audiences in large venues and performing with former bandmates, he found the experience "pretty horrible". After the tour, Bruford and Howe became involved in an orchestral project that reinterpreted Yes songs with an orchestra, entitled Symphonic Music of Yes (1993).

Bruford resumed with Earthworks in January 1991, and the group released a studio and live album. After Bates left, Bruford disbanded the group in 1993. After this, their record label pushed for Bruford and Holdsworth to form a new band, but neither were too keen on the idea and the idea fell through. In the early 1990s, Bruford became an active drum clinician and taught small groups in several universities.

1994–2009: King Crimson, Earthworks II, final collaborations, and retirement
King Crimson re-emerged once more in 1994 as a six-piece band, consisting of its 1980s line-up with the additions of Pat Mastelotto sharing drumming duties with Bruford, and Trey Gunn on Chapman Stick. Dubbed the "double trio" configuration, they released Vrooom (1994), Thrak (1995), and two live albums, B'Boom: Live in Argentina (1995) and Thrakattak (1996). After Bruford and Fripp discussed the idea of holding improvisational performances together and invited Gunn and Levin to join them, Fripp conceived the ProjeKcts idea of having different subsets of King Crimson working separately as a way of developing new material for the band. The first group, ProjeKct One, performed live at the Jazz Cafe in London from 1–4 December 1997. Bruford then left the group, and King Crimson altogether, mainly due to his frustration with rehearsals, which he felt came to nothing. This also marked the end of Bruford using the Simmons electronic drums due to the high overhead costs, the time required to program the kit, and the lackluster Japanese model that was made after the original manufacturer went bankrupt.

After King Crimson, Bruford focused on acoustic jazz, partly because he felt jazz required a return to a beginning jumping-off point. In 1997 he formed a new line-up of Earthworks, using the group as a base for British musicians and to give them experience of performing internationally. This line-up involved pianist Steve Hamilton, saxophonist Patrick Clahar, and double bassist Geoff Gascoyne, soon replaced by Mark Hodgson. Although Earthworks underwent further line-up changes with Tim Garland replacing Clahar as saxophonist in 2001, Gwilym Simcock replacing Hamilton as pianist in 2004, and Laurence Cottle replacing Hodgson on bass circa 2005, the revived band maintained a consistent, predominantly acoustic post-bop approach focusing on Bruford's compositions. During 2005, Earthworks temporarily combined with Garland's Underground Orchestra to form the Earthworks Underground Orchestra.

During his final stint with Earthworks, Bruford collaborated with others in the final twelve years of his career. These included a collaboration with Americans Eddie Gomez and Ralph Towner in 1997, the jazz-rock band Bruford Levin Upper Extremities in 1998, a duo with Dutch pianist Michiel Borstlap from 2002 to 2007, the contemporary composer Colin Riley with the Piano Circus collective in 2009, and presenting drum clinics. In 2003, Bruford established two record labels: Winterfold Records, which cover his early releases including his guitar and rock-oriented music, and Summerfold Records, focusing on his jazz output, mostly from post-1987. Both are distributed by Voiceprint Records.

Bruford's final public gig was with Earthworks on 31 July 2008 at Ronnie Scott's in London. In January 2009, at the age of 59, Bruford announced that he was retiring from performing and recording, after 41 years, effective from 1 January. Among the various reasons for retiring were his growing performance anxiety that "was making life intolerable", his diminishing stamina required to tour and perform on an international scale, and what he perceived as a bleak future for the style of drumming that appealed to him. The final studio album he played on was Skin and Wire: Play the Music of Colin Riley (2009) by Piano Circus. Bruford had kept a diary of his gigs throughout his career, and logged 2,885 gigs.

2009–present: Post-retirement
In early 2009, Bruford published his autobiography. Not long into his retirement, Bruford had a brief, low key stint in Ann Bailey's Soul House, a nine-piece band performing Motown and soul covers in Ewhurst, Surrey.

In February 2016, after four and a half years of study, Bruford received a PhD degree in Music from the University of Surrey. He had wanted to do something related to music following his retirement, and considered his missed opportunity in pursuing higher education in the late 1960s as a factor in his decision to enter academia. The University of Surrey offered to award Bruford an honorary doctorate, but he wanted to put in the effort and work for his degree, which focused on creativity and music performance, specifically with a drum kit. Bruford's thesis, "Making it work: Creative music performance and the Western kit drummer", was posted online in May 2016. Bruford has since written various journal articles, book chapters and liner notes, and presented guest lectures at universities and music institutions in Europe and North America.

In April 2017, Bruford was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a former member of Yes. He attended the ceremony, but did not perform or deliver an acceptance speech. In March 2018, Bruford introduced Yes at their two London shows during their 50th Anniversary Tour. Later that year, Bruford published his second book, Uncharted: Creativity and the Expert Drummer. It is an adaptation of his PhD dissertation.

In October 2020, Bruford put much of his personal collection of instruments, microphones, tour cases and other equipment from his career up for sale, totalling 258 separate listings. In August 2021, Bruford's back catalogue of music from Bruford, Moraz/Bruford, and Earthworks were made available on digital streaming platforms for the first time. In January 2022, Bruford launched his own YouTube channel to share videos from his career with additional "thoughts and anecdotes". A 6-CD career-spanning box set of tracks on which Bruford played was released on 29 April 2022.

On 3 August 2023, Bruford performed at the John Wetton tribute concert in East Sussex. He was not billed at the event, but performed a live run-through of Bryan Ferry's cover of "Let's Stick Together", which Wetton had played on, with Phil Manzanera, Guy Pratt, and Chris Difford.

Band timeline

 * Yes (1968–1972, 1991–1992)
 * King Crimson (1972–1974, 1981–1984, 1994–1997)
 * Gong (Nov–Dec 1974)
 * National Health (1975–1977)
 * Trigger (Roy Harper Band) (1975)
 * Genesis (as concert drummer on A Trick of the Tail Tour 1976)
 * Absolute Elsewhere (1976)
 * Bruford (1977–1980)
 * U.K. (1978)
 * Bill Bruford's Earthworks (Mark I: 1986–1993, Mark II: 1997–2008)
 * Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (1988–1990)
 * ProjeKct One (1997)
 * Network Of Sparks (1999)
 * Bruford Levin Upper Extremities (1998–2000)

Personal life
Bruford married his wife Carolyn in March 1973; they live in Surrey. They have three children, Alex, Holly, and Jack; Alex was formerly the drummer of the indie rock band Infadels.

It was at Bruford's wedding reception where Jon Anderson met Jamie Muir, who inspired Anderson to read Autobiography of a Yogi which became the origin of Yes's double album Tales from Topographic Oceans (1973).

Bruford described himself as a "lapsed atheist".

Songwriting
When interviewed in 1982, Bruford commented on his ability to compose for King Crimson. "It's very hard to know how to communicate in a band like that where the individuals are competent enough to produce their own kinds of sounds, it's very hard to write for a band like that."

Legacy
Many other drummers have cited Bruford as an influence, including Danny Carey, Mike Portnoy, Matt Cameron, Brann Dailor, Tim "Herb" Alexander, Gene Hoglan, Aaron Harris, Chad Cromwell, Ben Koller, Chris Pennie, Steve Arrington, Mac McNeilly, Morgan Simpson of Black Midi, Eric Kretz, and Martin Dosh. In addition, other artists have been quoted expressing admiration for his work including Neil Murray, Jimmy Keegan, and Adrian Younge.

Awards
In 1990, the readers of Modern Drummer voted him into that magazine's Hall of Fame.

Books

 * Bill Bruford: The Autobiography. Yes, King Crimson, Earthworks and More (2009)
 * Uncharted: Creativity and the Expert Drummer (2018)

Solo
Bruford
 * Feels Good to Me (1978)
 * One of a Kind (1979)
 * The Bruford Tapes (1979, live recording)
 * Gradually Going Tornado (1980)
 * Rock Goes to College (2006, live recording)

Compilations
 * Master Strokes: 1978–1985 (1986)
 * Making a Song and Dance: A Complete-Career Collection (2022)

As band member
• Yes

• Yes (1969)

• Time and a Word (1970)

• The Yes Album (1971)

• Fragile (1971)

• Close to the Edge (1972)

• Yessongs (1973, live recording)

• Yesterdays (1975; compilation)

• Union (1991)

• Symphonic Music of Yes (1993)

• Union Live (2011, live recording)

• King Crimson

• Larks' Tongues in Aspic (1973)

• Starless and Bible Black (1974)

• Red (1974)

• USA (1975, live recording)

• Discipline (1981)

• Beat (1982)

• Three of a Perfect Pair (1984)

• Absent Lovers (1998, live recording)

• VROOOM (1994)

• THRAK (1995)

• B'Boom: Live in Argentina (1995, live recording)

• THRaKaTTaK (1996, live recording)

• Live at the Jazz Café (1999, live recording as part of The ProjeKcts box set)

• VROOOM VROOOM (2001, live recording)

• U.K.

• U.K. (1978)

• Concert Classics, Vol. 4 (1999, re-released as Live in America and Live in Boston)

• Ultimate Collector's Edition (2016)

• Moraz/Bruford

• Music for Piano and Drums (1983)

• Flags (1985)

• In Tokyo (2009, live recording)

• Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe

• Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (1989)

• An Evening of Yes Music Plus (1993)

• Live at the NEC (2012)

• Earthworks

• Earthworks (1987)

• Dig? (1989)

• All Heaven Broke Loose (1991)

• Stamping Ground: Bill Bruford's Earthworks Live (1994, live recording)

• Heavenly Bodies (1997)

• A Part, and Yet Apart (1999)

• The Sound of Surprise (2001)

• Footloose and Fancy Free (2002, live recording)

• Random Acts of Happiness (2004, live recording)

• Earthworks Underground Orchestra (2006, live recording)

• Bruford with Ralph Towner and Eddie Gomez

• If Summer Had Its Ghosts (1997)

• Pete Lockett's Network of Sparks featuring Bill Bruford

• One (1999)

• Bruford Levin Upper Extremities

• Bruford Levin Upper Extremities (1998)

• B.L.U.E. Nights (2000, live recording)

• Duo with Michiel Borstlap

• In Concert in Holland (2004, live recording)

• Every Step a Dance, Every Word a Song (2004)

• In Two Minds (2007)

Guest appearances
• Rick Wakeman – The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973)

• Chris Squire – Fish Out of Water (1975)

• Steve Howe – Beginnings (1975)

• Roy Harper – HQ (1975)

• Various Artists – Peter and the Wolf (1975)

• Pavlov's Dog – At the Sound of the Bell (1976)

• Absolute Elsewhere – In Search of Ancient Gods (1976)

• Genesis – Three Sides Live (1982; live recording)

• Genesis – Genesis Archive 2: 1976-1992 (2000; live recording)

• Genesis – Seconds Out (1977, live recording)

• Annette Peacock – X-Dreams (1978)

• Steve Howe – The Steve Howe Album (1979)

• The Roches – Keep on Doing (1982)

• Al Di Meola – Scenario (1983)

• Annette Peacock – Been in the Streets Too Long (1983)

• Jamaaladeen Tacuma - Renaissance Man (1984)

• Patrick Moraz – Time Code (1984)

• David Torn – Cloud About Mercury (1986)

• Dave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin – Up from the Dark (1986)

• Akira Inoue – Tokyo Installation (1986)

• Anri – Trouble in Paradise (1986)

• The New Percussion Group of Amsterdam, Bill Bruford, and Keiko Abe – Go Between (1987)

• Kazumi Watanabe – The Spice of Life (1987)

• Dave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin – As Far as Dreams Can Go (1988)

• Kazumi Watanabe – The Spice of Life Too (1988)

• Nobuhide Saki - Yume O Yobe (1988)

• David Torn – Door X (1990)

• Steve Howe – Turbulence (1991)

• Joe Hisaishi – Paradise on Earth (1994)

• Tony Levin – World Diary (1995)

• National Health – Missing Pieces (1996)

• Steve Hackett – Genesis Revisited (1996)

• Buddy Rich Big Band – Burning for Buddy: A Tribute to the Music of Buddy Rich, Vol. 2 (1997)

• Gordian Knot – Emergent (2003)

• World Drummers Ensemble – A Coat of Many Colours (2006)

• Piano Circus – Skin and Wire, The Music of Colin Riley (2009)

• Leon Alvarado – Strangers in Strange Places (2010)

title: Bill Bruford


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User talk:Denis Barthel

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

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Dori | Talk 07:45, Dec 9, 2003 (UTC)

Thank you very much Denis, you've been very kind. Your help is much appreciated, maybe you could watch User:Curtis Clark/Inflorescence, feel free to correct my edits as you want. As you can see on my user page, I'm not even a native English speaker! Aelwyn 16:09, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Pinedrops.jpg
I note that you have moved the image I uploaded, Pinedrops.jpg, to the Commons. The information seems to have transferred correctly, but the name should be changed to Pterospora andromedea. Perhaps you can figure out how to do that. Cstaffa (talk) 03:25, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

ICN
Hi, we have a bit of a problem. There is already a page called International Code of Nomenclature FOR algae, fungi, and plants. Please see BEN 441; the "for" is correct. I've been meaning to get around to citing that on the relevant pages, but haven't had time yet. To explain why I made a new page without moving the old one: it was rather a mess and this seemed like a good opportunity to start some cleanup. Nadiatalent (talk) 15:19, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi Nadia, I got the title from http://www.pensoft.net/journals/phytokeys/article/1850/outcomes-of-the-2011-botanical-nomenclature-section-at-the-xviii-international-botanical-congress and I assumed it to be quite reliable. Seems to be some uncertainty in the title still ...
 * Your explanation for a new start sounds pretty reasonable, the old page is indeed a mess. But as it is now, it seems as if there were two codes and not a single one being renamed only. This seems to me ... strange. Maybe you can find a solution for this? Denis Barthel (talk) 17:16, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

Hi Denis, how marvellous. I'll send email to James Miller and John McNeill ... I was hoping to either delete the old page eventually, or have so much added to the new one that they would become rather different in time. Nadiatalent (talk) 18:01, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi again, John McNeill sent a response stating that the correct form, as in the Norvell & Funk proposal that was voted on at the IBC reads: International Code of Nomenclature FOR algae, fungi, and plants.

 * Dr McNeill also points out another problem with the phytokeys article that perhaps you are thinking about: it states that the changes with regard to "registration" of fungal names take effect from 1 January 2012, but that is not the case. "This requirement takes effect from 1 January 2013, as stated in the original proposal that was not amended."
 * Many authors, much chaos, as in Wikipedia. Nadiatalent (talk) 19:58, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much, Nadia, for mailing McNeill. So this is cleared now (and I can fix the things in the German article too, where I originally came from). But still open is, if these should be two articles or just one? I'd prefer one as it is basically the same, but I am not to much in en-WP and thus don't want to intervene to much in it. Best regards, Denis Barthel (talk) 09:07, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!
- against image filters, sayz former EFF member and former activist: --Emeritus (talk) 14:11, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Patton
hallo Denis Barthel,

danke vielmals für deine Unterstützung. Jedoch liegt es vollkommen an dir ob du es möchtest oder nicht. Ich fühle mich unwohl nachdem ich mich so ausgedrückt habe, und wenn ich diesen Link zu der Diskussion anklicke, fühle ich mich zutiefst beschämt. Meine E-mail lautet einfallslos: GreatOrangePumpkin@hotmail.com. Viele Grüße.-- ♫GoP♫ T C N 21:20, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok, try googlemail.com instead of hotmail :P. (Thanks for doing this!)-- ♫GoP♫ T C N 20:30, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

Browse without images button
Hi Denis,

On Requests for comment/Muhammad images, you opposed the functional hatnote on the grounds of "NOTCENSORED and In an encyclopedia, sensibilities don't count".

I was a little confused by this, because if I had to pick a single policy or value that inspired the functional hatnote, it would be NOTCENSORED. While the functional hatnote looks similar to the alternative hatnote, it's quite different.

In particular, the hatnote is "content-neutral"-- it treats all images identically. The note does not specific WHICH images are upsetting, WHY they're upsetting, or IF they're upsetting. It doesn't mention Muhammad, it isn't specific to Muhammad. It just offers users the chance to view a imageless version of the current page.

In short, I agree 100% that "sensibilities don't count". The best way to protect NOTCENSORED is for our editors be able to point to the "hide images" button any time someone tries to delete controversial images (or make them smaller, or fewer).

The foundation wanted a personal image filter, some people want to delete images, some people want to add a disclaimer. I feel like the alternative we came up-- a simple "hide images" button, is vastly more compatible with our philosophy than any other option. It just gives novices the ability to browse without images-- something every experienced user has always been able to do.

That's my pitch. :) --HectorMoffet (talk) 10:47, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

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Wikipedia Stories Project
Hi!

My name is Victor and I'm a storyteller with the Wikimedia Foundation, the non-profit organization that supports Wikipedia. I'm chronicling the inspiring stories of the Wikipedia community around the world, including those from readers, editors, and donors. Stories are absolutely essential for any non-profit to persuade people to support the cause, and we know the vast network of people who make and use Wikipedia have so much to share.

I'd very much like the opportunity to interview you to tell your story, with the possibility of using it in our materials, on our community websites, or as part of this year’s fundraiser to encourage others to support Wikipedia. Please let me know if you're inclined to take part in the Wikipedia Stories Project.

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Victor Grigas (talk) 22:35, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

DYK for Hypothallus
Graeme Bartlett (talk) 08:03, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

DYK for Lindbladia tubulina
Yngvadottir (talk) 16:06, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

DYK for Barbeyella minutissima
— Crisco 1492 (talk) 16:03, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

DYK for Listerelliidae
Graeme Bartlett (talk) 21:20, 4 July 2012 (UTC) 08:04, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

Credo Reference Update & Survey (your opinion requested)
Credo Reference, who generously donated 400 free Credo 250 research accounts to Wikipedia editors over the past two years, has offered to expand the program to include 100 additional reference resources. Credo wants Wikipedia editors to select which resources they want most. So, we put together a quick survey to do that:

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Your free 1-year Questia online library account is approved ready
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JSTOR
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Thank you! Steven Walling (WMF) • talk   21:34, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

Selli Engler
Hi, this is just to let you know that I've translated your article Selli Engler from the German Wikipedia. Regards,  Sandstein   08:32, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Sandstein, that's great to hear. I'd appreciate if you would additionally request an import for the completion of page history. Best wishes, Denis Barthel (talk) 09:55, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

 * OK, I've made the import.  Sandstein   11:15, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for your efforts! Denis Barthel (talk) 11:34, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

DYK for Selli Engler
Graeme Bartlett (talk) 23:47, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

Books and Bytes: The Wikipedia Library Newsletter
Books and Bytes Volume 1, Issue 1, October 2013 by , Greetings Wikipedia Library members! Welcome to the inaugural edition of Books and Bytes, TWL’s monthly newsletter. We're sending you the first edition of this opt-in newsletter, because you signed up, or applied for a free research account: HighBeam, Credo, Questia, JSTOR, or Cochrane. To receive future updates of Books and Bytes, please add your name to the subscriber's list. There's lots of news this month for the Wikipedia Library, including new accounts, upcoming events, and new ways to get involved... New positions: Sign up to be a Wikipedia Visiting Scholar, or a Volunteer Wikipedia Librarian Wikipedia Loves Libraries: Off to a roaring start this fall in the United States: 29 events are planned or have been hosted. New subscription donations: Cochrane round 2; HighBeam round 8; Questia round 4... Can we partner with NY Times and Lexis-Nexis?? New ideas: OCLC innovations in the works; VisualEditor Reference Dialog Workshop; a photo contest idea emerges News from the library world: Wikipedian joins the National Archives full time; the Getty Museum releases 4,500 images; CERN goes CC-BY Announcing WikiProject Open: WikiProject Open kicked off in October, with several brainstorming and co-working sessions New ways to get involved: Visiting scholar requirements; subject guides; room for library expansion and exploration Read the full newsletter ''Thanks for reading! All future newsletters will be opt-in only. Have an item for the next issue? Leave a note for the editor on the Suggestions page. --The Interior 20:51, 27 October 2013 (UTC)''

The Wikipedia Library Survey
As a subscriber to one of The Wikipedia Library's programs, we'd like to hear your thoughts about future donations and project activities in this brief survey. Thanks and cheers, Ocaasit | c 15:19, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

JSTOR Survey (and an update)
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SURVEY

Cheers, Ocaasi via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:47, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

Please fill out your JSTOR email
As one of the original 100 JSTOR account recipients, please fill out the very short email form you received just recently in order to renew your access. Even though you signed up before with WMF, we need you to sign up again with The Wikipedia Library for privacy reasons and because your prior access expired on July 15th. We do not have your email addresses now; we just used the Special:EmailUser feature, so if you didn't receive an email just contact me directly at jorlowitz@undefinedgmail.com. Thanks, and we're working as quickly as possible to get you your new access! Jake (Ocaasi) 19:48, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for your movie upload
I saw that you effectively cooperated in Quds Day by uploading a movie. Don't stop and add other information such as text, picture and movie to this section. Mhhossein (talk) 07:04, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

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Kamera lens
Apologies for PRODing the article that you created. None of my searches yielded anything and even your ref quoted in your edit summary failed for me - but that URL did give me access to a reputable source. It did me pause for thought when I reviewed your editing history but even the most emminent scientists (and presumably Wikipedia editors) have fallen for hoaxes in the past. I am not sure that modern taxonomic nomenclature would allow such a name today? Sorry to have caused you angst and additional effort. Regards  Velella  Velella Talk 13:23, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Celeste (band)

The article Celeste (band) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:NBAND"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. heyitsben!! talk 18:25, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

Die BIF – Blätter Idealer Frauenfreundschaften
Thanks for this and related articles. I've tried to brush up the translation a bit. Look forward to the DYK. If you are going to continue along these lines, you might like to become a member of Women in Red. Please let me know if you need further assistance with translations.--Ipigott (talk) 11:27, 5 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for your help, Ipigott, your efforts are highly appreciated. Comparing the versions, I can see clearly, how much the article needed this kind of help. Thanks for the invitation too, I'm considering it too. A question: you marked the page as reviewed, but I can't see any review notes on DYK? As I am just an occasional guest at en.wikipedia I might misunderstand something? All the best from Berlin, Denis Barthel (talk) 21:00, 5 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Hiya I just reviewed the DYK submission for BIF - what Ipigott did was to review the page itself as a new page, an internal wikiprocedure for all new pages, if that makes sense. Nice one it's an interesting article! Since this looks like being your sixth DYK nom, you'll need to review another nomination as quid pro quo and also i had a few queries which i left on the submission. Feel free to ask if something's not clear. Mujinga (talk) 18:13, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi Mujinga, thanks a lot for your explanation and your review. I like your recommendations and changed the proposal accordingly. I will check to find out about the QPQ-guidelines and will make my review. Thanks a lot for your help! Denis Barthel (talk) 19:20, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

DYK for Die BIF – Blätter Idealer Frauenfreundschaften
— Amakuru (talk) 00:01, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

Precious
You are recipient no. 2423 of Precious, a prize of QAI. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:50, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

The article is still featured on Portal:Germany, and Next time, you can add one yourself ;) --Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:25, 4 August 2020 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Die BIF
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Die BIF you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by Legobot, on behalf of Buidhe -- Buidhe (talk) 05:02, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Die BIF
The article Die BIF you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Die BIF for comments about the article. Well done! If the article has not already appeared on the main page as a "Did you know" item, or as a bold link under "In the News" or in the "On This Day" prose section, you can nominate it within the next seven days to appear in DYK. Bolded names with dates listed at the bottom of the "On This Day" column do not affect DYK eligibility. Message delivered by Legobot, on behalf of Buidhe -- Buidhe (talk) 11:03, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Concern regarding Draft:Basler Afrika Bibliographien
Hello, Denis Barthel. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Basler Afrika Bibliographien, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Draft space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for article space.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion under CSD G13. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it. You may request userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available here.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 23:02, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Basler Afrika Bibliographien

Hello, Denis Barthel. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Basler Afrika Bibliographien".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. If you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 22:42, 12 May 2021 (UTC)

Sonja (novel)
Just a friendly heads-up that you should familiarize yourself more with WP:Notability requirements at Wikipedia, and beef up the references at Sonja (novel) to demonstrate sufficient significant coverage to merit an article at Wikipedia. After a cursory initial look, it doesn't appear to be notable based on the seven references that are there now. I plan to nominate it for deletion unless you can prevent that by demonstrating that the article topic is notable. How much time do you think you'll need to do that? Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 23:39, 20 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your heads-up. Please bear in mind that the extensive contemporary reception of the novel has been reported and summarized in Marti's Hinterlassene Botschaften, a scientific resource, that has been published at Springer Link, spends more than 30 pages on the novel and has been my main source to quote from. The novel's publication in one of the most renowned German publishing houses, it's (for Germany) significant sales, it's nomination for one of the most renowned German literary awards and it's reception by nationwide leading magazines, national TV-stations and journals of both Germany and Switzerland from 1980 to the presence give me trust, that this is a notable topic. Let me know, if you have further doubts on the notability and what you would like me to do. Denis Barthel (talk) 01:31, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thirty pages on it should definitely be enough to establish notability accompanied by the literary award. Which reference was it that named the award nom, I didn't see that. Along with those two, plus one other writeup in a major magazine or TV stations will be enough; can you add those? Mathglot (talk) 01:36, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * It is not so hard to see, it's right behind the mentioning of the award. The amount of pages was visible too already and the Tageszeitung-ref is already in it too. No offense meant, but it would be less stressful to know, that you gave the text a solid read already. Denis Barthel (talk) 01:55, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The following articles you created also appear to be on non-notable topics, or at least, do not currently demonstrate significant coverage via the sources they have now:
 * Amicus-Briefbund – passing mentions only
 * Das 3. Geschlecht – The Third Sex has one good source (Birkhold); please get two more. (MQH has one paragraph on it; not strong enough, but better than nothing.) By the way, based on Birkhold, this article should probably be renamed The Third Sex (magazine) per WP:COMMONNAME and WP:USEENGLISH, but more investigation on that point is needed.
 * The Quorum (magazine) – nothing demonstrating notability
 * Celeste (band) – only one of the six references is independent (#5); please get at least two more solid ones like that
 * Spook Hunters – passing mention (one sentence) in one source; the other source is dead, and the url for it is "excluded" from the Internet Archive, which is a bad sign. This article is essentially entirely unsourced.
 * I don't see how you can work on all of these at once, and some of them have been around for a while, so they may not be subject to being moved to Draft space at this point, but I have to check on some others, maybe they can be. How do you wish to proceed with this?
 * In my opinion, you should not create any more articles directly in main space; rather, you should be using WP:Draft space for all of your new articles, and when they are ready, submit them via the WP:Afc process to verify that they are ready for main space. Please let me know if you have any questions. If you disagree, you could raise a discussion at Wikipedia talk:Notability about this, or ask at the WP:Tea house or WP:Help desk. Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 00:13, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for your opinion, and I respectfully disagree, I understand my work in general to be good enough to continue. I will take care in my further work to add a sufficient number of good sources though. Best, Denis Barthel (talk) 01:31, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I almost didn't see your individual responses, because you interleaved them within the lines of my previous comment; please don't do that, it makes it hard to know who is responsible for writing what, as the timestamped signature at the end of a comment is supposed to refer to everything above it, up to the previous timestamped signature. I've boxed up your responses, to set them off as your work, and not mine. See WP:INTERPOLATE. Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 01:53, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Sure, thank you. Denis Barthel (talk) 01:56, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I just see, that your remark concerning the Spook Hunters is actually somewhat pointless. Even if the URLs are invalid or dead, the journals are fully valid scientific sources, there are even two different ones. I will update the refs now. Denis Barthel (talk) 02:14, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * You perhaps misunderstand my intent: I don't wish to see *any* of these deleted if they can be saved (especially not Quorum and Das dritten Geschlecht, which seem to have historic importance). This is a call to action (i.e., find more sources!), not a call to deletion. With respect to Geschlecht, thanks for the additional sources you added to "Further reading"; that helps. (I did not understand this sentence above: "Concerning the name I do not see, that there is a significant "overweight" of translations for the name due to the new sources, but I leave this up to you", if it's important, can you restate that in German (which I presume you speak)? "Spook Hunters" can probably be merged into some article on L.A. gangs, if there is one, and I believe there is a list-article about LGBT publications that could hold some of the content of Quorum if sufficient independent sourcing can't be found to establish it as a standalone article. Mathglot (talk) 02:11, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * "Den Namen des Artikels betreffend: ich denke nicht, das er übersetzt werden sollte. Vor allem angesichts der neuen Quellen scheint mir WP:DONTUSEENGLISH eher zuzutreffen. Aber die Entscheidung überlasse ich dir."
 * I was unable to find further sources for The Quorum and Amicus-Briefbund, that are more than "passing mentions". My mistake was to bring the routines from working in the German WP, where the point of multiple, extensive coverage is not as important as you state it to be the case at EN-WP, else the topic's importance has more weight. As this seems to be different here, I'll have to adapt and the both regrettably have to go. I updated Spook Hunters, as far as I could, but it wasn't a lot.
 * I hope we are fine now with Sonja and Das dritte Geschlecht and I don't want to put more work in Celeste, so I will call it a night now. Best, Denis Barthel (talk) 02:57, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah, now I understand. I think it *probably* should be, but that remains to be seen, with how the majority of sources deal with it. If there isn't enough coverage, then my understanding of WP:USEENGLISH is that we should use the best English translation of the title that we can, based on these parts of WP:Article title policy:
 * On the English Wikipedia, article titles are written using the English language.
 * If there is no established English-language treatment for a name, translate it if this can be done without loss of accuracy and with greater understanding for the English-speaking reader.
 * I don't think there's any question that "The Third Sex/Gender" will be clearer to users here, than the German version, where even the "3." will be interpreted as "Number 3" (because of the period after the '3') by non-German speaking readers here. Your link WP:DONTUSEENGLISH does not apply here, because 1) it's on a guideline page, not a policy page, so in case of a conflict, WP:Article title policy takes precedence; but more importantly, 2) the guideline applies to names only; i.e., it's about whether we say "Gauss" or "Gauß" for the German mathematician (answer: "Gauss", because there are plenty of sources in English, and that's how they spell it) and we say, "Cologne" not "Köln" (same reason); but we also write, "Böðvar Böðvarsson" because nothing much is written about this Icelandic football player in English. So, if there's nothing about the group and we want to write about it here, it should be rendered in English, because it's not a name, like  Köln, or Böðvarsson.
 * I think you hit the nail on the head, with this:
 * Exactly! It's very important to understand and follow en-wiki's policies and guidelines, not the ones from any other Wikipedia that you might be used to. This was a point of concern to me, as I occasionally work on other Wikipedias, so I started to build out something to help me. I didn't go as far as I had planned to (it's a lot of work) but I created a kind of model, or proof of concept, and although it's very far from complete, maybe it will be useful to you anyway. thanks, Mathglot (talk) 03:46, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I am rather sure that translating the title would not be the right decision. According to the Article title policy "The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage, e.g. the non-anglicized titles Besançon, Søren Kierkegaard, and Göttingen are used because they predominate in English-language reliable sources, whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms Nuremberg, delicatessen, and Florence are used (as opposed to Nürnberg, Delikatessen, and Firenze, respectively).
 * As all of the linked English sources (with the exception of MQH) use the current form, the German name with a translation right after the title, I am convinced that we should go with this.
 * If you are in doubt, that this is sufficient to make it an "established usage", the policy says If there are too few reliable English-language sources to constitute an established usage, follow the conventions of the language appropriate to the subject (German for German politicians, Portuguese for Brazilian towns, and so on).
 * This policy, the guideline and the fact, that this is common practice in non-english periodical articles should make clear, that this is the right thing to do. Best, Denis Barthel (talk) 09:36, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, you're quoting the wrong guideline—that's the one that goes with names, like Besançon, Søren Kierkegaard, and Göttingen, not words, like The + Third + Sex/Gender, none of which are names. I already pointed this out to you above that it "applies to names only", and you even quoted the relevant part yourself just now: "German for German politicians, Portuguese for Brazilian towns", politicians and towns are both names of people or places, and yes, if there is nothing in English about them, then we follow local usage (but not if the name is in a non-Latin script—there's a guideline for that, too). The guiding policy for an article title is WP:Article title, and when the article title is not the name of somebody or someplace, then WP:USEENGLISH applies. Please follow English Wikipedia policies and guidelines when developing new articles, not the guidelines from any other Wikipedia. I realize these guidelines can be complex—they have evolved over many years—and if you're not sure, you can ask someone for help. Please don't just go off doing it your own way or the way you think it ought to be; by and large these policies boil down to common sense, and the policy about translating "word" titles into English but not rewriting "name" titles when there is no model in English sources makes perfect sense, if you think about it. We have to consider the fact that many readers of English Wikipedia are monolingual native speakers, and many other readers are Japanese, or Finnish, or Indonesian, with varying levels of English, but very likely no facility in German at all. For all of these readers, the current policy on translating "word" titles is indeed the best one. When there *is* plenty of usage in English, we follow it: so in English Wikipedia we say, Mein Kampf and Das Kapital, because that is what *English* sources say, but we say The Tin Drum, All Quiet on the Western Front, and The Neverending Story, because *that* is what English sources say. When English sources don't say anything, we translate into English. You could think of it this way: in every case, whether very common or unheard of, we choose the title that English speakers are going to understand best, so which will they understand better: Die Blechtrommel or The Tin Drum? Well, that one is obvious, but how about this one: My Struggle or MK? In fact, nobody in English will recognize the term "My Struggle" or know who wrote it or what it is about, so we choose the German title, because that is what English readers will understand best. Finally, for Das 3. Geschlecht—what will English readers understand best? The answer should be obvious. Alles klar jetzt? mfG, Mathglot (talk) 17:19, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Please answer just one question to me: if all this is true, why am I unable to find even a single magazine name that has been translated in Category:Magazines published in France, Category:Magazines published in Albania, Category:Magazines published in the Netherlands or especially in Category:Magazines published in Germany (I did not go through all other categories, but I am 99% sure that the same goes for all other categories of Category:Periodicals by country)?
 * Personally I think that the policy has a broader understanding of the term "name" than expressed above. The term is used there in the sense of the topic name and article name, not restricted to names of persons or places. And as such a periodical/magazine/journal has a name, which is not supposed to be translated as the article name.
 * Concerning this case, I additionally want to point out, that almost all "reliable English-language sources" use the German name, followed by a translation in parentheses, as the article does. Let's not forget the weight of these sources discussing your proposal. Denis Barthel (talk) 20:01, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * If there is coverage in English sources and they use the German name, then that's your answer: the German name should be used. Mathglot (talk) 20:03, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I already mentioned that before and it was clearly visible in the linked sources too. May I suggest to prepare your proposals better before you start unnecessary discussions? Thank you, Denis Barthel (talk) 20:08, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Regarding "The term is used there in the sense of the topic name and article name, not restricted to names of persons or places." I understand your belief, but that is not the case. (For one thing, if that were true, then it would be in direct conflict with WP:USEENGLISH policy.) As a demonstration: if you look at any of the approximately twenty examples given on the page, you will see that they are all names of people or places, and no example is of anything else but that. However, I agree that it is not phrased very well, and can fairly easily be misunderstood, and other users are likely to be led astray in the same way, so for that, I am sorry. I will see what I can do to get that page fixed, so it doesn't create further problems like this one. Probably clearer language at that one page could've forestalled the need for this entire conversation. Happy editing! Mathglot (talk) 02:04, 22 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, you're quoting the wrong guideline—that's the one that goes with names, like Besançon, Søren Kierkegaard, and Göttingen, not words, like The + Third + Sex/Gender, none of which are names. I already pointed this out to you above that it "applies to names only", and you even quoted the relevant part yourself just now: "German for German politicians, Portuguese for Brazilian towns", politicians and towns are both names of people or places, and yes, if there is nothing in English about them, then we follow local usage (but not if the name is in a non-Latin script—there's a guideline for that, too). The guiding policy for an article title is WP:Article title, and when the article title is not the name of somebody or someplace, then WP:USEENGLISH applies. Please follow English Wikipedia policies and guidelines when developing new articles, not the guidelines from any other Wikipedia. I realize these guidelines can be complex—they have evolved over many years—and if you're not sure, you can ask someone for help. Please don't just go off doing it your own way or the way you think it ought to be; by and large these policies boil down to common sense, and the policy about translating "word" titles into English but not rewriting "name" titles when there is no model in English sources makes perfect sense, if you think about it. We have to consider the fact that many readers of English Wikipedia are monolingual native speakers, and many other readers are Japanese, or Finnish, or Indonesian, with varying levels of English, but very likely no facility in German at all. For all of these readers, the current policy on translating "word" titles is indeed the best one. When there *is* plenty of usage in English, we follow it: so in English Wikipedia we say, Mein Kampf and Das Kapital, because that is what *English* sources say, but we say The Tin Drum, All Quiet on the Western Front, and The Neverending Story, because *that* is what English sources say. When English sources don't say anything, we translate into English. You could think of it this way: in every case, whether very common or unheard of, we choose the title that English speakers are going to understand best, so which will they understand better: Die Blechtrommel or The Tin Drum? Well, that one is obvious, but how about this one: My Struggle or MK? In fact, nobody in English will recognize the term "My Struggle" or know who wrote it or what it is about, so we choose the German title, because that is what English readers will understand best. Finally, for Das 3. Geschlecht—what will English readers understand best? The answer should be obvious. Alles klar jetzt? mfG, Mathglot (talk) 17:19, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Please answer just one question to me: if all this is true, why am I unable to find even a single magazine name that has been translated in Category:Magazines published in France, Category:Magazines published in Albania, Category:Magazines published in the Netherlands or especially in Category:Magazines published in Germany (I did not go through all other categories, but I am 99% sure that the same goes for all other categories of Category:Periodicals by country)?
 * Personally I think that the policy has a broader understanding of the term "name" than expressed above. The term is used there in the sense of the topic name and article name, not restricted to names of persons or places. And as such a periodical/magazine/journal has a name, which is not supposed to be translated as the article name.
 * Concerning this case, I additionally want to point out, that almost all "reliable English-language sources" use the German name, followed by a translation in parentheses, as the article does. Let's not forget the weight of these sources discussing your proposal. Denis Barthel (talk) 20:01, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * If there is coverage in English sources and they use the German name, then that's your answer: the German name should be used. Mathglot (talk) 20:03, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I already mentioned that before and it was clearly visible in the linked sources too. May I suggest to prepare your proposals better before you start unnecessary discussions? Thank you, Denis Barthel (talk) 20:08, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Regarding "The term is used there in the sense of the topic name and article name, not restricted to names of persons or places." I understand your belief, but that is not the case. (For one thing, if that were true, then it would be in direct conflict with WP:USEENGLISH policy.) As a demonstration: if you look at any of the approximately twenty examples given on the page, you will see that they are all names of people or places, and no example is of anything else but that. However, I agree that it is not phrased very well, and can fairly easily be misunderstood, and other users are likely to be led astray in the same way, so for that, I am sorry. I will see what I can do to get that page fixed, so it doesn't create further problems like this one. Probably clearer language at that one page could've forestalled the need for this entire conversation. Happy editing! Mathglot (talk) 02:04, 22 July 2023 (UTC)

Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:30, 26 July 2023 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Denis Barthel


text:
LGBT slang

LGBT slang is a set of English slang lexicon used predominantly among LGBTQ+ people. It has been used in various languages since the early 20th century as a means by which members of the LGBTQ+ community identify themselves and speak in code with brevity and speed to others. The acronym LGBT was popularized in the 1990s and stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender. It may refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender, instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, , adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual or gender identity.

LGBT slang has played an integral part in LGBTQ+ culture for decades. Slang language initially emerged as a way for queer people to communicate with one another while avoiding detection by mainstream society. Queer people have always existed, but historically, they have had to be discreet about their identities and lives, particularly when being LGBTQ+ was illegal and or socially condemned.

LGBT slang is used as a way to signal one's identity and build solidarity within the community. When queer people use these certain words and phrases, they demonstrate to others that they are part of the LGBTQ+ community and share a common experience. This connection can create a sense of belonging for those historically rejected and isolated by mainstream society.

LGBT slang is also used by the community as a means of reclaiming language and deconstructing oppressive norms. Queer slang often includes playful references to sexual acts, which can serve as an assertion of sexual agency and a rejection of shame.

History and context
Because of sodomy laws and threat of prosecution due to the criminalization of homosexuality, LGBT slang has served as an argot or cant, a secret language and a way for the LGBT community to communicate with each other publicly without revealing their sexual orientation to others. Since the advent of queer studies in universities, LGBT slang and argot has become a subject of academic research among linguistic anthropology scholars.

During the first seven decades of the 20th century, a specific form of Polari was developed by gay men and lesbians in urban centres of the United Kingdom within established LGBT communities. Polari was featured on the BBC radio programme Round the Horne in 1964, exposing the wider public to the secret language. Although there are differences, contemporary British gay slang has adopted many Polari words. The 1964 legislative report Homosexuality and Citizenship in Florida contains an extensive appendix documenting and defining the homosexual slang in the United States at that time. SCRUFF launched a gay-slang dictionary app in 2014, which includes commonly used slang in the United States from the gay community. Specialized dictionaries that record LGBT slang have been found to revolve heavily around sexual matters.

Slang is ephemeral; terms used in one generation may pass out of usage in another. For example, in the 1960s and 1970s, the terms "cottage" (chiefly British) and "tearoom" (chiefly American) were used to denote public toilets used for sex. By 1999, this terminology had fallen out of use to the point of being greatly unrecognizable by members of the LGBT community at large.

Many terms that originated as gay slang have become part of the popular lexicon. For example, the word drag was popularized by Hubert Selby Jr. in his book Last Exit to Brooklyn. Drag has been traced back by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) to the late 19th Century. Conversely, words such as "banjee", while well-established in a subset of gay society, have never made the transition to popular use. Conversations between gay men have been found to use more slang and fewer commonly known terms about sexual behavior than conversations between straight men.

In the Philippines, many LGBT people speak with Swardspeak, or "gay lingo", which is a more extensive use of slang as a form of dialect or way of speaking. Other argots are spoken in southern Africa (Gayle language and IsiNgqumo) and Indonesia (Bahasa Binan). More specifically, in a country like Thailand, LGBT slang was always present in their history due to their religious, behavioral, and social nature. However, before the term LGBT was introduced, the Thai community would use the terms Kathoey and Tom. The term Kathoey was used to describe transgender women who dress, act, or partake in surgery to become female, and the term Tom as well as "handsome girls" in Thai was used to describe women who liked women. Homosexuality and transgenderism has always existed throughout their history, as their behavioral nature did not align with heterosexual ideals.

General slang terms

 * 100-footer – an obviously gay or lesbian person (as if visible from 100 feet away) (US)
 * or (man-loving-man) – an umbrella term for attractions and relationships between men, regardless of their sexual or romantic orientation, sometimes including non-binary androphiles
 * baths – bathhouses frequented by gay men for sexual encounters (US)
 * beach bitch – a gay man who frequents beaches and resorts for sexual encounters (US)
 * beard – a person used as a date, romantic partner, or spouse to conceal one's sexual orientation
 * beat – an area frequented by gay men, where sexual acts occur (Australia)
 * bent – gay, as opposed to straight (UK)
 * bender – someone who has homosexual intercourse (UK)
 * binding – a technique in which individuals wear tight clothing, bandages, or compression garments, known as binders, to hide and flatten their breasts
 * bottom – a receptive partner in intercourse; also used as a verb for the state of receiving sexual stimulation
 * – someone who dominantly or energetically plays the receptive role in intercourse
 * – portmanteau of "boy pussy"; a male anus, in the context of anal sex. Also used to refer to a trans man's vulva
 * – in ball culture, a gay male who presents as a gay male; that is, neither as a trans individual nor a heteronormative male. This mostly refers to someone who looks the part of what most would identify as “gay”
 * butchy femme – a gender expression between femme and futch
 * camp, campy – exaggerated and amusing, in a way that is typically associated with gay men or femininity
 * clone – a San Francisco or New York Greenwich Village denizen with exaggerated macho behavior and appearance (US)
 * closeted – keeping one's sexuality or gender identity a secret from others
 * cocksucker – a person who practices fellatio, usually a gay male
 * come out (of the closet) – to admit or publicly acknowledge oneself as non-heterosexual/non-cisgender
 * cottaging – having or seeking anonymous gay sex in a public toilet, or 'cottage' (UK)
 * cruising – seeking a casual gay sex encounter (historically from ancient Rome)
 * down-low – homosexual or bisexual activity, kept secret, by men who have sex with men (US)
 * en femme, en homme – the act of wearing clothes stereotypically of the opposite sex
 * femboy – a feminine or androgynous male
 * femme – a feminine homosexual
 * – a shorter alternative to folks
 * – a gender expression between femme and butch, or a feminine butch
 * Game of Flats – an 18th-century English term for sex between women
 * gaydar – the supposed ability to detect someone's sexual orientation (from gay + radar). Corresponding terms include, , , and . Bidar is also called , a jocular pun on Wi-Fi.
 * gaymer – an LGBTQIA+ person who plays video games (from gay + gamer)
 * gaysian – a gay Asian person
 * – a woman attracted to gay/bisexual men, also may refer to some gay men or non-binary people
 * gold star – a homosexual who has never had heterosexual sexual intercourse
 * gouinage (Brazil) – non-penetrative sex. Named after gouine, similar to side.
 * g0y – men attracted to men but don't identify as gay and isn't willing to anal intercourse
 * guydyke or lesboy – a man attracted to lesbian/bisexual women, also may be used to refer to a non-binary person
 * heteroflexible – to be mostly heterosexual
 * homoflexible – to be mostly gay
 * Molly/Tommy – In 18th century England, the term "molly" was used for male homosexuals, implying effeminacy; "tommy", a slang term for a homosexual woman in use by 1781, and may have been coined by analogy. See Molly house
 * – being "neither/nor" when it comes to normative taboos and self-centered communities
 * platinum star gay – gay men who were born by a C-section procedure
 * poz – HIV-positive person (US)
 * queer – originally a slur against homosexuals, transgender people, and anyone who does not fit society's standards of gender and sexuality; later reclaimed and used as umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities
 * sapphic or (woman-loving-woman) – used to encompass attractions and relationships between women, regardless of their sexual or romantic orientation, sometimes including non-binary gynephiles
 * scissoring – used to refer to lesbian intercourse, though is often derogatory
 * side – a homosexual male who does not enjoy anal penetration (giving or receiving), but will engage in other forms of same-sex activity (fellatio, frottage, handjobs, etc.).
 * swish – effeminate or effeminacy (US)
 * switch – a person who enjoys both topping and bottoming, or being dominant and submissive, and may alternate between the two in sexual situations, adapting to their partner. Synonymous with vers
 * – especially in ball culture to dress or be fashionable and flawless
 * tomgirl – the equivalent of a tomboy, but for boys with feminine traits
 * top – the dominant or inserting sexual partner, usually in a homosexual relation or activity
 * – a submissive top, someone who applies sensation or control to a bottom, but does so at the bottom's explicit instructions
 * tongzhi (同志, "comrade", lit. "same will, same purpose") – a term used to describe members of LGBTQ+ communities in some Chinese languages
 * trade – a straight-passing male partner, commonly used by gay men or trans women (derived from Polari) (US)
 * vers – a person who enjoys both topping and bottoming, or being dominant and submissive, and may alternate between the two in sexual situations, adapting to their partner

Terms describing gay men

 * artiste – a gay man who excels at fellatio
 * auntie – an older, often effeminate and gossipy gay man
 * bathsheba – a gay man who frequents gay bathhouses
 * boykisser
 * chicken – a youthful gay man
 * chubby chaser – a man who seeks overweight males
 * daddy – a typically older gay man
 * flit
 * flower – a typically effeminate gay man
 * friend of Dorothy – a gay person. Historically used as a shibboleth to identify other LGBT people. Likely a reference to Judy Garland, who portrayed Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz (1939) and had a large gay fan-base
 * gaysian – a gay Asian
 * light in the loafers / light in the pants / light in the fedora
 * punk – a smaller, younger gay man who, in prison settings, is forced into a submissive role and used for the older inmate's sexual pleasure
 * queen – a flamboyant or effeminate gay man. Alternatively, short for drag queen
 * bean queen (also taco queen or Salsa queen), gay man attracted to Hispanic men
 * brownie queen – obsolete slang for gay man interested in anal sex (used by men who disliked anal sex)
 * chicken queen – an older gay man interested in younger or younger appearing men
 * grey queen – a gay person who works in financial services; grey flannel suits)
 * potato queen – a gay Asian man attracted mainly to white men
 * rice queen – a gay man attracted mainly to East Asian men
 * twink − a youthful, flamboyant gay man with a slim physique

Slurs

 * anal assassin (UK) or "anal astronaut"
 * arse bandit or ass bandit
 * backgammon player (late 18th century Britain)
 * batty boy – a slur for gay or effeminate man (Jamaica and United Kingdom)
 * bent, bentshot or bender
 * bixa/ (Brazil)
 * brownie king / brown piper
 * bufter, bufty (mainly Scottish) or booty buffer
 * bum boy / bum chum, also bum robber
 * butt pirate, butt boy, butt rider, butt pilot, or butt rustler
 * chi chi man (Jamaica and the Caribbean)
 * cockstruction worker – a gay, bi or queer man who works in construction industry
 * faggot / fag – slur against gay men. First recorded in a Portland, Oregon publication in 1914
 * fairy – a slur reclaimed by gay men in the 1960s
 * finocchio (from Italy, meaning fennel)
 * flamer
 * fruit (also fruit loop, fruit packer, butt fruit) – a slur against gay men; originally a stereotype of gay men as "softer" and "smelling good"
 * fudge packer
 * homo – shortening of homosexual, it is sometimes derogatory, though also used in a reclaimed sense by some LGBTQ people
 * homo thug
 * maricón or (in Spanish)
 * nancy boy
 * pansy
 * poof/poofta/ (Commonwealth)
 * sod (from sodomy)
 * or veado – a gay male or an effeminate man (lit., a corrupted form of "deer", derived from desviado, meaning deviant) (Brazil)

Terms describing lesbians

 * baby butch – a young, boyish lesbian
 * baby dyke – a young or recently out lesbian
 * bambi lesbian – a lesbian who prefers cuddles, hugs, kisses, and other affectionate and sensual non-sexual acts over sexual acts
 * bean flicker – Likening the clitoris to a bean
 * bluff – butch fluff
 * boi – a boyish lesbian (UK)
 * – a lesbian with male presentation
 * bull dyke – a masculine lesbian, as opposed to a baby butch or dinky dyke (UK (somewhat archaic), US)
 * butch – a masculine lesbian
 * long-haired butch (LHB) – a butch with long hair
 * carpet muncher (or "rug muncher")
 * dyke ("bull dyke", "bull dagger", alternatively "bulldagger", "bulldicker" ), from 1920s black American slang. A slur reclaimed by women who are attracted to women in the 1950s
 * diesel dyke
 * drag dyke
 * dykon – portmanteau of dyke + icon. A celebrity woman who is seen as an icon by lesbians; may or may not be a lesbian herself
 * fluff – femme
 * (in French)
 * / has-bian – a woman who previously identified as lesbian but now identifies as heterosexual or bisexual.
 * kiki – a term used primarily from the 1940s until the 1960s to indicate a lesbian who was not butch or femme and did not have a preference for either butch or femme partners
 * kitty puncher / pussy puncher – with both "kitty" and "pussy" referring to a woman's vulva/vagina, and "puncher" as a variation on various derogatory terms for gay men, such as "donut puncher"
 * four year lesbian - see lesbian until graduation
 * lesbian until graduation (LUG) – a young woman who is assumed to be temporarily experimenting with same-sex behavior, but will ultimately adopt a heterosexual identity
 * lipstick lesbian – a lesbian/bisexual woman who displays historically feminine attributes such as wearing make-up, dresses, and high heels
 * muff-diver – a lesbian
 * pillow princess – a lesbian who likes to receive sexual stimulation, rather than giving it (to bottom)
 * (Brazil) or (Portugal)
 * soft butch – an androgynous lesbian, in between femme and butch
 * stem, stemme – someone whose gender expression falls somewhere between a stud and a femme
 * stone butch – a very masculine lesbian, or a butch lesbian who does not receive touch during intercourse, only giving (US)
 * stud – a black butch

Terms describing bisexual or pansexual people

 * AC/DC – reference to "swinging both ways" (US)
 * – euphemism for bisexual, derived from ambidextrous
 * bicon – portmanteau of bisexual + icon. Used to refer to a bisexual celebrity
 * byke – a bisexual dyke
 * Gillette Blade – a 1950s era term for bisexual women, whose sexuality "cuts both ways"
 * Horatian – in Lord Byron's circle at Cambridge, a code word for "bisexual", more specifically bisexual men.
 * unicorn – a bisexual, usually a woman, who desires multiple partners and is willing to join an existing couple and sexually satisfy both members of the couple. So-named because bisexuals willing to enter such an arrangement are considered rare or non-existent, while couples seeking such a partner ("unicorn hunters") are common.

Terms describing androgynous or intersex people

 * "to be of two kinds" (ふたなり) – Japanese word for hermaphroditism, which is also used in a broader sense for androgyny.  The term is also heavily associated with a genre of hentai defined by sexualization of characters simultaneously possessing breasts, a penis and a vulva, and has gained a negative connotation for the sexual connotations
 * hermie – an androgynous or intersex person, though the term is often considered a slur.
 * altersex – a term describing people who alter their sex, such as through hormone replacement therapy or gender-affirming surgery, who were not born intersex. This term is especially used in the case of people who do not describe their sex as male or female due to their medical transition, without appropriating intersex terminology. Considered derogatory if used to deny the validity of someone's medical transition to male or female
 * Salmacian – named after Salmacis, standing for someone who acquires, or wishes to acquire, mixed genitalia

Terms describing transgender and non-binary people

 * baby trans – a recently out trans person. The term is a noun
 * – a transgender woman or girl who socially presents in a masculine gender role, typically in places where transgender individuals are discriminated against, or due to not being out as transgender. The equivalent for a trans guy is 'girlmoder'
 * Copenhagen capon – a transsexual; someone who has undergone sex reassignment surgery. The term alludes to Christine Jorgensen, a trans woman who underwent sex reassignment surgery in Copenhagen in the 1950s. A capon is a neutered rooster
 * diamoric – a term for attractions and relationships involving at least one non-binary individual
 * egg – a transgender person who has not yet realized they are trans; used by transgender people when aspects of one's personality or behavior remind them of gender-related aspects of themselves before they realized they were trans. As such, the realization that one is trans is referred to as one's "egg cracking"
 * or NBLNB (also NLN) – a term for attraction and relationship between non-binary people
 * – a non-binary person. Derived from the abbreviation NB.
 * girlmoder – a trans guy who socially presents in a feminine gender role, typically in places where transgender individuals are discriminated against, or due to not being out as transgender. The equivalent for a trans girl is 'boymoder'
 * lady boy – English translation of kathoey, similar or equivalent to transgender woman, but may refer to feminine gay men or intersex people
 * M2B – male to butch, alluding male-to-female (MtF, also called M2F)
 * repressor – a person who is fighting the wish to change their gender expression
 * sapatrans or sapatrava (portmanteau of sapatão + trans) – a term used in Brazil for trans lesbians and lesbian travestis
 * – a trans woman (short for "trans girl"). It is often derogatory, due to its association with transgender pornography
 * / – a trans man (short for "trans boy" and "trans guy")
 * tranarchist – a transgender anarchist
 * (portmanteau of trans + lesbian) – a transgender lesbian. See also.
 * transfag – a transgender gay man
 * – trans dyke

Slurs

 * shemale – a trans woman with male genitalia and possibly female secondary sex characteristics. Primarily a term used in pornography and often derogatory
 * hon – a non-passing transgender woman. This term is primarily used by trans women in online communities (mostly 4chan). It is derogatory
 * tranny – slur used for transgender people
 * — slur for someone whose perceived gender is opposite their anatomical sex, particularly a trans woman or feminine boy. Implies that others who are attracted to them (typically heterosexual men) are maliciously deceived (i.e. "trapped") regarding their "real" gender. Is derogatory and dehumanizing
 * — portmanteau of "trans" and "goon". Originally a term for members of the Something Awful forum ("goons") who are transgender. Used as a slur for trans women, connoting violent or sinister ulterior motives for transitioning
 * or / – a female-to-male (FtM) and male-to-female (MtF) transgender/transsexual person, respectively, who has not had genital surgery. It is often derogatory

Terms related to transgender and non-binary people

 * clock – to recognize someone as being transgender
 * deadname – as a noun, a transgender person's birth name. As a verb, to refer to someone by their deadname. The etymologically identical term necronym is also sometimes used with the same meaning
 * – a transfeminine person's penis, especially one changed by hormone use. Also known as gick, girlcock, or gock
 * malefail – to be gendered as feminine when trying to present in a masculine gender role
 * packing – the act of wearing padding or a phallic object to present the appearance of a penis
 * passing – to be perceived as a gender one is attempting to pass as. Usually in relation to trans people
 * skoliosexual – to describe attraction to non-binary people
 * stealth – passing to the extent that most people can't tell that you are trans
 * TERF – acronym for "trans-exclusionary radical feminist"; a feminist whose advocacy excludes or opposes the rights of trans people. It also, more infrequently, used to refer to someone hostile to transgender people
 * or TMA/TMC – transmisogyny-exempt or transmisogyny-affected/confined, ascribing those who are, or not, target of transphobia directed at trans women
 * transgenderism – a term used by anti-trans extremists seeking to dehumanize transgender people by saying that being transgender is an ideology rather than an identity. In the past (the mid to late 20th century), the term was used non-derogatorily to refer to being transgender, though this meaning has become obsolete

Terms describing cisgender or heterosexual people

 * breeder – a heterosexual person, especially one with children
 * (portmanteau of cis + lesbian) – a cisgender lesbian
 * – someone who is cisgender and heterosexual and/or heteroromantic
 * – someone who is cisgender and queer, such as cis lesbians, cis gay men, and cis bisexuals
 * – someone attracted to transgender people who value them for their trans status alone, rather than being attracted to them as a person
 * fag hag – a heterosexual woman who specifically associates with gay men
 * fag stag – heterosexual man who enjoys company of gay men

Terms describing asexual or aromantic people

 * ace – short for asexual
 * – asexual + sexy
 * aro – short for aromantic
 * , aro-ace, aro/ace – both aromantic and asexual
 * ace of spades – an aromantic asexual
 * ace of hearts – a romantic asexual
 * ace of diamond – a demiromantic demisexual
 * ace of clubs – a greyromantic greysexual
 * SAM – split attraction model – a model that sexual and romantic orientation can be split, often used within the aromantic and asexual community
 * – a non-romantic or platonic version of crush
 * queerplatonic relationship – committed intimate relationships which are not romantic nor (necessarily) sexual in nature
 * zucchini – queerplatonic partner

LGBT subgroups
The following slang terms have been used to represent various types of people within the LGBT community:

 * bear – a larger and often hairier man. The bear subgroup is among the oldest and largest of the LGBT community. Pride.com states "Bears are on the heavier side, either muscular, beefy, or chunky. They wouldn't dream of shaving their body hair (which comes in abundance) and they usually have a full beard to match." Attitude magazine describes bears as "typically older" with a big build, a belly, and lots of hair. There are many bear 'subtypes', including the black bear (Black or African American men), the brown bear (Hispanic men), the grizzly bear ("dominant bears of extreme stature or hairiness"), the koala bear (Australian men), the panda bear (men of Asian descent), and the polar bear, which represents an older bear with white hair
 * cub – a younger bear. Pride.com describes cubs as "baby bears" or "large, hairy guys in their teens and 20's who are on their way to becoming a bear"
 * bear chaser – a man who pursues bears
 * otter – a man who is slender and hairy
 * wolf – Pride.com says, "Similar to an otter, a wolf has some hair and is in between a twink and a bear. However, there are some key differences between wolves and otters. Wolves typically have a lean, muscular build and are sexually aggressive." Attitude says wolves are "typically older and masculine" with a "muscular/athletic build"
 * bull – Pride.com says a bull is a "hunky, muscular" bodybuilder who weighs 200 pounds or more. The website says, "These men are big, strong and have muscles you didn't even know existed." Attitude says bulls have a "super-muscular build" with any hair style, and can be any age
 * chicken – a young twink. Attitude says chickens are "hairless and young" with a slim or skinny build
 * chickenhawk – a typically older man who seeks younger men. From chickenhawk, a designation for several birds which are thought to hunt chickens
 * pig – someone who is "more focused on sex than anything else, often into kinkier and somewhat seedier sexual practices", according to Pride.com
 * pup / puppy – in animal roleplay, someone who wants to be treated like a puppy, "with love and affection", by a handler. Attitude says pups are "young and submissive" with a slender build and little hair
 * silver fox – an older man with gray hair
 * twink – a young or young-looking gay man, with little body hair and a slender build
 * twunk – a twink with well-developed physique (from twink + hunk)

title: LGBT slang