text:
Hussein-Ali Montazeri

Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri (24 September 1922  – 19 December 2009) was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer and human rights activist. He was one of the leaders of the Iranian Revolution and one of the highest-ranking authorities in Shīʿite Islam. He was once the designated successor to the revolution's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, but they had a falling-out in 1989 over government policies that Montazeri claimed infringed on people's freedom and denied them their rights, especially after the 1988 mass execution of political prisoners. Montazeri spent his later years in Qom and remained politically influential in Iran, but was placed in house arrest in 1997 for questioning "the unaccountable rule exercised by the supreme leader", Ali Khamenei, who succeeded Khomeini in his stead. He was known as the most knowledgeable senior Islamic scholar in Iran and a grand marja (religious authority) of Shia Islam. Ayatollah Montazeri was said to be one of Khamenei's teachers.

For more than two decades, Hussein-Ali Montazeri was one of the main critics of the Islamic Republic's domestic and foreign policy. He had also been an active advocate of Baháʼí rights, civil rights and women's rights in Iran. Montazeri was a prolific writer of books and articles. He was a staunch proponent of an Islamic state, and he argued that post-revolutionary Iran was not being ruled as an Islamic state.

Early life and public career
Born in 1922, Montazeri was from a peasant family in Najafabad, a city in Isfahan Province, 250 miles south of Tehran.

His early theological education was in Isfahan. After Khomeini was forced into exile by the Shah, Montazeri "sat at the center of the clerical network" which Khomeini had established to oppose Pahlavi rule. He became a teacher at the Faiziyeh Theological School. While there he answered Khomeini's call to protest the White Revolution of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in June 1963 and was active in anti-Shah clerical circles. He was sent to prison in 1974 and released in 1978 in time to be active during the revolution. Montazeri then went to Qom where he studied theology.

Iranian Revolution

Montazeri was known as an Islamic jurist who was made to pay for his liberal-leaning beliefs. He supported a democratic republic as the best form of government; however in his ideal model for government, an Islamic jurist acts as a supervisor and advisor, what he, along with Ayatollah Khomeini, termed as velayat-e faqih. He was the author of Dirasāt fī wilāyah al-faqīh, a scholarly book advocating the supervision of the administration by Islamic jurists. He believed in the independence of the government and did not accept any executive and policy making role for the Islamic jurist. Montazeri asserted that the rule of the jurisprudent should not be an absolute rule; instead, it should be limited to the function of advisor to the rulers, who are elected by the people.

In 1979, following the overthrow of the Shah, he played a pivotal role in instituting Iran's new constitution. He was one of the leaders of the movement to replace the democratic and secular draft constitution proposed for the Islamic Republic with one where the supervision of Islamic jurists was recognized. He distributed "a detailed commentary and alternate draft" for Iran's new constitution. It included proposals to specify that Twelver Shi'ism—and not Islam in general—was the official religion of the state and to state that Islamic jurists should appoint judges with the right of veto over all laws and actions that are against the Islamic principles. Later he served on the Assembly of Experts (Majles-e-Khobregan) that wrote the constitution and that implemented many of his proposals.

During this time, Montazeri also served as Friday prayer leader of Qom, as a member of the Revolutionary Council and as deputy to Supreme Leader Khomeini. Khomeini began "to transfer some of his power" to Montazeri, in 1980. By 1983 "all government offices hung a small picture" of Montazeri next to that of Khomeini. In 1984, Montazeri became a grand ayatollah.

Montazeri initially rejected Khomeini's proposal to make him his successor, insisting that the choice of successor be left to the democratically elected Assembly of Experts. Later, Montazeri relented, and following a session of the Assembly of Experts in November 1985, he was officially appointed Khomeini's successor as Supreme Leader.

Some observers believe Khomeini chose him for this role solely because of his support for Khomeini's principle of theocratic rule by Islamic jurists. Khomeini's proposed form of administration called for the most learned, or one of the most learned, Islamic jurists to "rule", and of all those who might be considered a leading Islamic jurist, only Montazeri supported theocracy. In Montazeri's opinion, however the jurist would not act as an absolute ruler, instead, he would act as an advisor and consultant. "Montazeri fell short of the theological requirements of the supreme Faqih. He could not claim descent from the Prophet nor did he possess all the credentials of a revered scholar of Islamic law. His religious followers were few. And he lacked the all-important charisma. His selection had happened for one reason—he was the only one among the candidates for Faqih who totally endorsed Khomeini's vision of Islamic government."

In addition, traditionalists did not approve Montazeri's designation as successor due to several reasons, including his problematic persona in Shiite seminaries during the reign of the Shah and his support for Ali Shariati’s and for Nematollah Salehi Najaf Abadi's works. Montazeri's leadership qualifications were further hurt by not being a seyyed, or descendant of the Prophet Mohammed, traditionally wearing the black turban in Shiite Islam, like Khomeini and Khomeini's successor Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. In the early years of the revolution, he was not as popular as he was in the last two decades of his life. The middle class and elites would mock him in those early years.

Dispute with Khomeini and demotion
Montazeri was one of Ayatollah Khomeini's two favorite pupils. Khomeini trusted Montazeri with important responsibilities and referred to him as "the fruit of his life". Likewise, Montazeri respected and admired Khomeini's "sheer determination and unshakable faith."

Mehdi Karrubi claims that the tensions between Montazeri and Khomeini began in around October 1986 when Montazeri sent a letter to the latter, criticising and questioning the foundation of the state. Montazeri's troubles became further evident due to his association with Mehdi Hashemi who ran an organization out of Montazeri's office which sought to export the Islamic revolution. Hashemi is thought to have embarrassed Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani by leaking information of his connection with the Iran-Contra affair. Subsequently Hashemi was arrested, convicted and executed in September 1987 on charges of counterrevolutionary activities.

In November 1987, Montazeri created more controversy when he called for the legalization of political parties, though under strict regulation. He followed this by calling for "an open assessment of failures" of the Revolution and an end to the export of revolution, saying that Iran should inspire by example, not train and arm allied groups. Khomeini responded the next February by criticizing Montazeri and a month later called for a meeting of the Assembly of Experts to "discuss him."

Things came to a head following the mass execution of political prisoners in late summer and early autumn 1988, when Montazeri gave a series of lectures in which he indicated support for a "far more open" policy. In an interview published in Keyhan in early 1989, he criticized Khomeini in language that is said to have sealed "his political fate": "The denial of people's rights, injustice and disregard for the revolution's true values have delivered the most severe blows against the revolution. Before any reconstruction [takes place], there must first be a political and ideological reconstruction... This is something that the people expect of a leader."

Still worse for him were the publication abroad and broadcast on the BBC of his letters condemning the post-war wave of executions in March 1989. Montazeri also criticized Khomeini's fatwa ordering the assassination of author Salman Rushdie saying: "People in the world are getting the idea that our business in Iran is just murdering people."

On 26 March 1989, Khomeini strongly denounced Montazeri's actions, and two days later announced that Montazeri had resigned his post. Montazeri did not protest, issuing a message concluding, "I ask all brothers and sisters not to utter a word in my support."

In addition to losing his position as designated heir, Montazeri's title of Grand Ayatollah was withdrawn, publication of his lectures in the Kayhan newspaper and references to him on the state radio were stopped, his portraits were ordered by the then Prime Minister Mir Hossein Mousavi to be removed from offices and mosques, and his security guards were withdrawn. Articles and editorials appeared in various newspapers aimed at "dismantling" Montazeri's "impeccable" revolutionary credentials.

According to numerous sources, the amendment to Iran's constitution removing the requirement that the Supreme Leader be a Marja was instituted to deal with the problem of the lack of any remaining Grand Ayatollahs willing to accept "illimitable velayat-e faqih". However, others said the reason marjas were not elected was because of their lack of votes in the Assembly of Experts. For example, Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Golpaygani had the backing of only thirteen members of the assembly. Furthermore, there were other marjas present who accepted "illimitable velayat-e faqih".

Later dissent and house arrest
Khomeini died in June 1989 and another cleric, Seyed Ali Khamene'i, was selected by the Assembly of Experts to be the new Supreme Leader. Khamenei had been a high-ranking Hojatoleslam before Montazeri's removal. His promotion was accepted by many Shi'a, among the exceptions being Montazeri.

In December 1989, Montazeri's supporters in Qom distributed "night letters" questioning Khamenei's qualifications to be a Marja e Taqlid ("Source of Emulation"), or in other words, an Ayatollah. In retaliation Revolutionary Guards "detained and humiliated" Montazeri, "forcing him to wear his nightcap rather than his white turban."

In October 1997, after openly criticizing the authority of Khamenei, Montazeri was placed under house arrest under the pretext of protecting him from hardliners. He was freed from house arrest in 2003 after more than 100 Iranian legislators called on President Khatami to free him. Some thought that the government lifted the house arrest to avoid the possibility of a popular backlash if the ailing Montazeri died while in custody.

Criticism of the government
During the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners, Montazeri wrote to Khomeini saying "at least order to spare women who have children ... the execution of several thousand prisoners in a few days will not reflect positively and will not be mistake-free ... A large number of prisoners have been killed under torture by interrogators ... in some prisons of the Islamic Republic young girls are being raped ... As a result of unruly torture, many prisoners have become deaf or paralysed or afflicted with chronic disease."

On 22 January 2007, Montazeri criticized former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad for his nuclear and economic policies.

While agreeing Iran had the right to develop nuclear energy, he called Ahmadinejad's approach to the issue aggressive, saying, "One has to deal with the enemy with wisdom, not provoke it, ... his (provocation) only creates problems for the country" and asked, "Don't we have other rights too?", referring to individual and human rights. Montazeri also criticized the economic performance of Ahmadinejad's administration's, noting the rate of inflation—including a 50% increase in housing costs —arguing that a country cannot be run on "slogans".

Montazeri, in a 2008 interview with Voice of America concerning the 29th anniversary of the revolution, stated that the revolution had given Islam a bad name, arguing "Unfortunately, it is only by name that the revolution remains Islamic. Its content has changed, and what is taking place in the name of Islam gives a bad image of the religion. This is the religion of kindness and tolerance." He also issued a statement in 2008 in support of the rights of the persecuted Baháʼís in the Islamic Republic, saying that though Baháʼís were not People of the Book like Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians, nonetheless: "'they are the citizens of this country, they have the right of citizenship and to live in this country. Furthermore, they must benefit from the Islamic compassion which is stressed in Quran and by the religious authorities.'"

Montazeri again spoke out against Ahmadinejad on 16 June 2009 during the protests against his reelection. Ahmadinejad was controversially reelected as president after a closely contested and disputed election, which involved many candidates, but whose leading vote-getters were Ahmadinejad and former Prime Minister Mir Hossein Mousavi. The government reported that Ahmadinejad had won the election with 62 percent of the vote. Montazeri stated that "No one in their right mind can believe" the results were fairly counted. Montazeri called for three days of public mourning for the death of Neda Agha-Soltan and others killed during 20 June protests. He further declared that the then current ruling government was neither Islamic nor a republic, but military. In November 2009, on the day before the 30th anniversary celebration of the Iran hostage crisis, Montazeri said that the occupation of the American embassy in 1979 had been a mistake.

Human rights and gender
While Ayatollah Montazeri has been celebrated as a champion of the rights of political prisoners, and human rights associated with the public sphere, in an interview conducted in 2003 in Qom with the Iranian feminist academic Golbarg Bashi he said that while men and women enjoy the same dignity and respect in the eyes of God, women's rights must remain strictly under the domain of Shi'i fiqh rather than international human rights conventions such as CEDAW.

In response to Golbarg Bashi, Ayatollah Montazeri said:

"Women are humans too... When we say humans, it includes both men and women... you see, if people around the world want to say certain things about women for example being equal to men in matters of inheritance or legal testimony, because these issues pertain to the very letter of the Qur'an, we cannot accept them... Now, consider that God Almighty has made it incumbent upon men to cover the expenses of women... in Iran we cannot accept those laws that are against our religion... on certain occasions that these laws contradict the very clear text of the Qur'an, we cannot cooperate... Men in general (no'-e mard ha), all things considered, are productively more active—both intellectual activities and practical activities... All things considered, the intellectual and practical activities of men are more than women."

When Bashi informed him that currently (2003) in Iranian universities, "some 60% of students are women" and asked him "so in future generations, when the number of professors, physicians, high-ranking experts, etc, will be mostly women, will Islam be able to have an ijtihad and modify these unjust laws because they no longer correspond with reality?", Ayatollah Montazeri responded: "Those aspects of the Islamic law that are based on the very letter of the Qur'an, the answer is no. But certain other things yes, you can, and they can be subject to changing times. But those that are from the very letter of the Qur'an, no they cannot, and those have certain wisdom and subtleties in them."

Reputation
According to journalist Christopher de Bellaigue, Montazeri was regarded as "brilliant" by his allies, and even his opponents; de Bellaigue added that Montazeri "lives plainly, and equates Islam with social justice". Montazeri's detractors portrayed him as stubborn and naïve in his insistence that the Islamic republic find reconciliation with the "hypocrites" and "liberals" who are its "internal enemies."

Public image
In late 1960s, Montazeri gained influence and popularity in Isfahan Province after his speeches criticizing the Shah, moving SAVAK to banish and subsequently imprison him.

In 1980s, Montazeri was known by the pejorative nickname Gorbeh Nareh (, the masculine cat) after the Cat, a character in the Pinocchio animated series. According to Elaine Sciolino, this was due to his "poor public speaking skills, squeaky voice, round face and grizzled beard".

Personal life
On 4 September 1942, he married Mah-Sultan Rabbani (1926 – 26 March 2010) and had seven children, four daughters and three sons. One of his sons, Mohammad Montazeri, died in a bomb blast at Islamic Republican Party headquarters in 1981 which was carried out by the People's Mujahedin of Iran; another, Saeed Montazeri, lost an eye in the Iran-Iraq war in 1985. Another son, Ahmad Montazeri, is a cleric in Qom; during the 1970s Ahmad underwent military training in Fatah camps in Lebanon. The brother of Montazeri's son-in-law, Mehdi Hashemi, was sentenced to death and executed after the 1979 revolution due to his alleged involvement in the murder of Ayatollah Abul Hassan Shams Abadi, who had been a critic of Montazeri, in Isfahan.

He was described by Ayatollah Mohammad Guilani as "meticulous about, if not obsessed by, cleanliness."

Death

On 19 December 2009, Montazeri died in his sleep of heart failure at his home in Qom, at the age of 87. The Islamic Republic News Agency, the official news agency of Iran, did not use the Ayatollah title in its initial reports of his death and referred to him as the "clerical figure of rioters". The state television and radio broadcasters were similar, showing the tension between the government and its opponents.

Funeral and protests
Montazeri's funeral was said to have marked "a new phase" in Iran's 2009 uprising.

21 December
On 21 December, hundreds of thousands of mourners and the Green Movement supporters from across Iran turned out in Montazeri's funeral and turned the funeral to a massive protest against the Iranian government. The funeral service for him began at his house and funeral prayers were held at the Grand Mosque in Qom. After the special prayers by Ayatollah Mousa Shabiri Zanjani, his body was laid to rest in the Fatima Masumeh Shrine. He was buried alongside his son, Mohammad Montazeri.

The protesters chanted opposition slogans, including "Our shame, our shame, our idiot leader", and “Dictator, this is your last message: the people of Iran are rising!”

Although the police mostly stayed clear of the funeral, there were some skirmishes between protesters and the Basij militia. Also on 21 December, inside the Qom shrine where Montazeri’s body was laid to rest, opposition activists gathered and chanted “Death to the dictator.” When one group of pro-government basiji militiamen came toward them, chanting “Death to the hypocrites,” the crowd changed to an anti-basiji slogan. Then they took out money, offering it to the basiji, and chanted that they were acting as paid mercenaries of the government: “Where is the oil money? Spent on the Basiji,” and “Basij’s great pride, rape in prison.” On the same day, Mir-Hossein Mousavi stepped out from the compound of Grand Ayatollah Saanei, a fellow reformist, to cross the street to Montazeri’s house in Qom. At that moment, a group of 30 bearded men, holding Montazeri pictures to blend into the crowd, dropped the portraits, started attacking Mousavi and shouted “death to the hypocrite.” The former candidate had to be hustled quickly into the Montazeri compound. The same thing happened when cleric Mehdi Karroubi stepped into the street. This time, groups of reformists were ready and pushed back the vigilantes, so that Karroubi could pass.

As the funeral procession ended, security forces poured into the city, blocking roads to the Ayatollah's house and tearing down posters of the Ayatollah. Mourners were reported to have thrown stones at police who tried to stop them chanting pro-Montazeri slogans. Mourners responded defiantly when ordered by loudspeaker not to chant, breaking into shouts of "Ya Hossein, Mir Hossein" in support of Mir Hossein Mousavi. When a crowd of pro-government supporters chanted back: "I will give my life for the supreme leader," they were booed by mourners, a witness said. The security forces prevented the Ayatollah's family from holding a planned memorial ceremony in the grand mosque of Qom following the funeral.

According to the reformist website Kalameh, men on motorbikes, believed to be Ahmadinejad supporters, attacked the car carrying Mir Hossein Mousavi back from Qom to Tehran. They insulted Mousavi, smashed the back window and injured one of his aides.

There were also protests in Najafabad, birthplace of Ayatollah Montazeri. Internet videos showed protesters waving green banners and chanting, “Dictator, dictator, Montazeri is alive!” and “Oh Montazeri, your path will be followed even if the dictator shoots us all!”

22 and 23 December
On 22 December, Ahmadinejad continued his quest to strip his opponents of their last vestiges of political power. He interrupted a visit to Shiraz to return to Tehran and remove Mir Hossein Mousavi, the main opposition leader he defeated in the presidential election, as head of the state Academy of Arts and Culture- a post he had held for ten years. Hardliners also wanted Mousavi arrested for his role in inciting unrest since the disputed June election.

On 23 December, Iranian security forces clashed with tens of thousands of opposition supporters in the city of Isfahan, according to opposition website reports. Activists said police used tear gas, pepper spray and batons to disperse people gathering to commemorate Grand Ayatollah Montazeri in the Seyed mosque. People had gathered at the main mosque for the memorial service, but when they arrived the doors were closed and security forces told them to leave. Afterwards, security forces began beating people, including women and children with batons, chains and stones, used tear gas and pepper spray and arrested at least 50 people, including four journalists and a cleric, Masoud Abid, who was to deliver the sermon. Many were also injured. One witness said, "They took people in the shops and beat them up mostly out of public vision although some beatings happened outside on the streets." Security forces also sealed off the home of Ayatollah Jalal Al-Din Taheri, who organised the service and used to lead Friday prayers in Isfahan until he resigned in 2002 in protest at the government’s growing authoritarianism.

Meanwhile, footage sent to the BBC from Najafabad showed crowds chanting "Criminals, rapists, death to the leadership" and "We're not afraid, we're not afraid" as security men watched from rooftops.

Police severely attacked mourners and protesters in several cities, with many wounded and arrested. The government also announced that banknotes with anti-government annotation, which recently spread across the country, will be forbidden starting from 8 January.

24 December
On 24 December, opposition web sites reported that police in Tehran and the northwestern city of Zanjan clashed with protesters defying an order by the Iranian government banning memorial services for Montazeri. Protesters marched in Imam Khomeini Square in southern Tehran in a sign of mourning for Montazeri. The protesters chanted, "Today is a mourning day; the green nation of Iran is mourning today"—a reference to the trademark color of the opposition. The police attacked the protesters with clubs and tear gas. Older women tried to prevent the arrest of young men by throwing themselves on them, and were severely beaten by officers who intended to drag the young men away.

Meanwhile, the police in Zanjan, a city of mostly Turkish speakers, tried to prevent a mourning ceremony for Montazeri by locking the mosque where the ceremony was to be held and attacking mourners who chanted outside it. It was mentioned that: “The police beat people with such violence that many suffered from broken legs, arms and noses.” There were also many arrests.

26 December
Witnesses and opposition websites reported the following incidents:
 * There were protests in several areas of the capital, including the poorer areas of south Tehran, and government forces were using tear gas to try to disperse demonstrators.
 * Clashes were reported in northern Tehran near Jamaran mosque (where Khomeini used to address people), between thousands of opposition supporters (who shouted anti-government slogans) and riot police. Reformist ex-President Mohammad Khatami had been due to speak at the mosque to mark the Shiite holy day of Ashura. However, security officials cancelled the Ashura speech to be given by Khatami and also surrounded the mosque. A reformist website reported about 50 plainclothes forces breaking into Jamaran mosque and attacking people. Riot police also fired tear gas during the incident. Protesters shouted, "death to this dictatorship" and "if Khomeini was alive, he would sure be with us," according to witnesses. A witness also said, "Police told them they have five minutes to leave and, when they were still shouting slogans and persisted, policemen on motorbikes drove through the crowds and fired teargas." Riot police and members of the Basij also chased demonstrators into the nearby bustling Niavaran street and fired paintballs at them. The security forces also arrested several protesters. Clashes were also reported between police and protesters near another north Tehran mosque, Dar al-Zahra, which is known to host reformist clerics.
 * Opposition supporters had gathered in groups along a stretch of a main Tehran city centre route several kilometres long, but police were out in force and were not letting them join each other. Earlier, there were clashes at several points along Enghelab Street, a main thoroughfare where months earlier hundreds of thousands of opposition supporters had staged protest marches after Ahmadinejad's disputed re-election. Police also stopped and arrested the passengers of a bus near Enghelab Square because they were chanting pro-opposition slogans. Some protesters were reported to have chanted: "The dictator must know that he will soon be overthrown."
 * Tension was running high at rallies in which protesters were chanting anti-government slogans in three areas of central Tehran. Government forces, including soldiers of the elite Revolutionary Guard and the paramilitary Basiji, are said to have reacted aggressively—beating protesters with batons, firing warning shots into the air to disperse demonstrators, using teargas and pepper spray and smashing the windscreens of cars that were hooting in protest, as well as making numerous arrests.
 * Security forces chased protesters into a building housing the offices of the ISNA news agency, where some demonstrators had sought shelter during the clashes, ISNA said, adding one of its reporters had been injured when security forces had attacked the building. An eyewitness said at least two people were injured when police chased after protesters into the building. “They fractured the skull of one ISNA person and badly beat up another employee,” the witness said. ISNA's news service appeared to be working normally and it later issued a report on the incident, saying one of its reporters had been injured without specifying who was to blame.
 * An elderly woman travelling on a city bus in the area was heard urging passengers to chant slogans such as "Ya Hossein, Mir Hossein" in support of opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi, a witness said. The witness said passengers on the packed bus also chanted "Our Neda is not dead, it is the government which is dead," referring to protester Neda Agha Soltan, who bled to death during a 20 June protest in shocking scenes caught on video and viewed by millions around the world.
 * Witnesses said riot police fired warning shots in several areas of Tehran to deter demonstrators, many of whom chanted slogans increasingly against the country's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's most powerful figure, rather than President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
 * Clashes were reported in cities including Isfahan, Kermanshah and Shiraz, as opposition supporters used the Tasua and Ashura ceremonies to take to the streets.

Later events
In 2010, the office of Montazeri that had been run by his son Ahmad was closed on the orders of Ali Khamenei.

title: Hussein-Ali Montazeri


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David Drake

David A. Drake (September 24, 1945 – December 10, 2023) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy literature. A Vietnam War veteran, he worked as a lawyer before becoming a writer in the military science fiction genre.

Biography
Drake graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Iowa, majoring in history (with honors) and Latin. His studies at Duke University School of Law were interrupted for two years when he was drafted into the U.S. Army, where he served as an enlisted interrogator with the 11th Armored Cavalry (the Black Horse Regiment) in Vietnam and Cambodia. After the war, from 1972 to 1980 he worked as the assistant town attorney in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In 1981 he transitioned to full-time writing of science fiction literature. With Karl Edward Wagner and Jim Groce, he was one of the initiators of Carcosa, a small press company. He lived in Pittsboro, North Carolina.

In 2019, he announced that he may be suffering from Parkinson's disease. On November 17, 2021 he announced he was retiring from writing novels, due to unspecified cognitive health problems. Drake died on December 10, 2023, at the age of 78.

Works
His best-known solo work is the Hammer's Slammers series of military science fiction. His newer RCN Series was a space opera inspired by the Aubrey–Maturin novels. In 1997, Drake began his largest fantasy series, Lord of the Isles, using elements of Sumerian religion and medieval technology. In 2007, Drake finished the series with its ninth volume.

Drake co-authored novels with authors such as Karl Edward Wagner, S.M. Stirling, and Eric Flint. Typically Drake provided plot outlines (5,000–15,000 words) and the co-author did "the real work of developing the outline into a novel". He did not "consider [his] involvement to be that of a real co-author." Drake also contributed to the Heroes in Hell series.

A common element in most of his works was the focus on military, in particular, lives of regular soldiers. Drake's plots often use history, literature, and mythology; in his foreword to The Lord of the Isles, Drake explained that while he had an academic background in history, he regarded himself as an antiquarian rather than a historian and that this perspective informed his approach to writing. Starting with Northworld in 1990, he generally explained the background of each book in an afterword or preface. Additionally, Drake's plots frequently involve a contest of political systems.

Some of Drake's works are available for free download in the Baen Free Library.

Adaptations

 * Mayfair Games produced the licensed Hammer's Slammers board game (1984) based on David Drake's novel Hammer's Slammers.
 * Mongoose Publishing adapted Drake's novel as the licensed setting Hammer's Slammers (2009) for the Traveller role-playing game.
 * John Treadaway has adapted Hammer's Slammers into a wargame, of which several editions have been published. The game utilizes various miniatures from companies such as Brigade Models, Old Crow Models, and Ground Zero Games.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: David Drake


text:
Talk:IATA airport code

Initial comments
Should note that three-letter location codes in the United States are set by the FAA (and likely similarly in other countries by their regulatory agencies) and not by IATA. However, the code assignments are usually coordinated to reduce confusion (i.e., IATA codes are usually not duplicated by FAA codes, but not all three-letter FAA codes are also IATA codes). There are also four-letter codes (different from four-letter ICAO codes); the form of the location code is determined by its status and level of activity. See FAAO 7350.7K for more details. 18.24.0.120 03:16, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

The codes do not seem to be alphanumeric, merely alphabetical. I can see why 1,0 would want to be avoided, but 2-9 could be used. 26^3 means there are only 17576 possible codes, so with 20000 airports there are more than 323 overlaps? Any examples of the codes that do overlap? --/Mat 15:52, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps CBG is one, in practice at least: in the US it's largely used to represent Cambridge, Minnesota although IATA seems only to have allocated it to Cambridge, England. See my note at Talk:List_of_airports:_C for examples. Marnanel 00:08, Apr 11, 2004 (UTC)

dead link
Burgundavia reverted my edit of the external link

http://www.world-airport-codes.com/

yesterday as well as today I tried to acess this URL, from different computers. I always got the following error message:

The requested URL could not be retrieved

While trying to retrieve the URL: http://www.world-airport-codes.com/

The following error was encountered:

Unable to determine IP address from host name for www.world-airport-codes.com The dnsserver returned:

Server Failure: The name server was unable to process this query. This means that:

The cache was not able to resolve the hostname presented in the URL. Check if the address is correct.

Does this qualify for my statement on the wikipedia page that the link is dead??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Abarenbo (talk • contribs) 07:50, 19 May 2005
 * This seems like a local dns issue with you, as I can access the website fine. Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 10:21, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree, works fine for me. Bollar 15:56, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

I found that the link in the reference section give a "Page Not Found. Sorry, the page you have requested cannot be found on www.iata.org" error message. The dead link is http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/aircraft_operations/coding/index.htm  There is a similar link which does work: http://www.iata.org/whatwedo./aircraft_operations/codes/index.htm

The problem with the corrected link is that it provides Airline codes (Airline = companies operating aircraft.) For a list of the IATA airport codes the list can be obtained here: http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/ccd

Hopefully someone will sort this out as to what links should be cited in the main article.

CasR2207 (talk) 23:19, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Chicago O'Hare
The article on Airport ABC's incorrectly states that Chicago O'Hare (ORD) was originally named Orchard Field. It was originally named Orchard Depot. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.218.136.185 (talk • contribs) 11:09, 27 May 2005

http://www.ipsn.org/ohare.html

 * Actually it was called Orchard Field (FlyChicago's Official Website). Dbinder 13:57, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Canadian airports
Question Can anyone explain how and why Canadian airports got stuck with the Y prefix? Steelium 3:05, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

I was told they were based on some sort of railway code? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.90.95.165 (talk • contribs) 20:43, 7 August 2015

 * For some incomprehensible reason, the Diefenbaker government (1957-1963) agreed to have all Canadian airports start with Y. I don't know, maybe Dief's people wanted a single prefix letter for all of Canada and most of the Ys were unused?

 * Myself, I think IATA codes should be expanded to five characters by prefixing the two-character country code, e.g. YVR Vancouver would become CAYVR. This would eliminate duplication, and allow countries to choose IATA codes that more closely resemble the airport's identity, e.g. CALBP (or CATPA) for Lester B. Pearson Intl Airport in Toronto, CAPET (or CAMPT) for Montreal's Pierre Trudeau Intl Airport. It would also allow 17,576, (13,824 if I and O are not included) combinations per country, more than enough for all the airports, train stations, helicopter ports, etc. It would also provide standardized recognition of the country name. GBC 16:48, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * IATA codes are officially 5 character, but most only use the three character version. When I worked on airline flight operations software, the database and all software was designed to be 5 character aware and the plan, as explained at the time, was that IATA would roll out the 5 character version in the future.  I guess we're still waiting.

 * By the same token, the airline codes are officially 3 character, but most only use two. Michael Daly 06:12, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * BTW - not all Canadian station codes begin with Y. There are a few obscure ones that have other letters, but I can't remember one offhand. Michael Daly 22:42, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * You know that it's an important Canadian airport if its IATA code makes no sense whatsoever. The busiest airports in Canada in order by passenger numbers:
 * Toronto - YYZ - (by far the busiest)
 * Vancouver - YVR
 * Calgary - YYC
 * Montreal - YUL
 * Edmonton - YEG
 * Ottawa - YOW
 * So naturally Canadians are proud of their totally incomprehensible airport codes and use them to confuse international travelers wherever possible. RockyMtnGuy (talk) 06:27, 16 June 2014 (UTC)

There are now two sections where Canadian airport codes are explained. Unfortunately they say subtly different things - one is "Yes, there's an airport at the weather station" and one is "Yes, there's a weather station on the railway". Noting that here since I don't have time to fix it - please could someone do some research and establish what the accurate explanation is? Dichohecho (talk) 13:06, 2 October 2017 (UTC)

I do not at all believe the explanation "Y is for Yes, W is for Without" - the source is some arbitrary blog. I haven't been able to find corroborating evidence for any of the explanation offered in the article, so I have added a citation needed and an unreliable source tag.

I would be more likely to believe some explanation about radio call-signs or something. At least that would match up with ICAO codes (which are generally just IATA codes with an extra C at the beginning for most airports). But I wasn't able to find any corroborating evidence for that either. I spent 3 hours trying to find something haha... Hope someone can shed some properly-referenced light on this mystery.

--KitAFD (talk) 01:52, 23 July 2021 (UTC)

Mississippi airport

 * I agree, we are a new airport in Mississippi (Tunica) and our FAA ICAO code changed to KUTA or just UTA in the states, we tried to use UTA for our IATA code and it is already taken (in Zimbabwe). We were forced to use UTM for IATA code beacuse it was already taken. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 137.14.10.22 (talk) 01:53, 30 January 2007 (UTC).

City codes covering multiple airports

 * Should the article say something about these codes (e.g. LON, PAR, NYC)? I'm not sure how many of them exist, but I recall from somewhere that IATA decided to stop issuing them several decades ago. Grover Snodd (talk) 15:22, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I think it should -- in fact I came here looking for information about this. --81.178.31.210 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 15:18, 6 December 2011 (UTC).
 * The article mentions that, with good examples. Maybe a more comprehensive list is in order201.87.57.72 (talk) 02:56, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * See also the discussion on the talk page of the Airport code property (P238) -- Denis.arnaud (talk) 13:46, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

IATA codes used elsewhere?
Are IATA codes used by US or European bus lines? or passenger cruise ship lines? LanceBarber (talk) 04:44, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

 * IATA codes are also used in ticketing for major railway stations, like "XRJ" for Rome Termini station. Funandtrvl (talk) 18:23, 15 May 2022 (UTC)

Q
Why the Q?

Entwhiz (talk) 18:44, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

TYS
In the weird codes paragraph, the TYS (Knoxville) is probably because of Tyson in its name. I am not deleting it though, please discuss whether it should be removed from the list. — Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiRigby (talk • contribs) 23:03, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I found out that most are named after individuals, so never mind. ~ Wiki Rig by talksign! 23:06, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

List of city codes
Feature request: it would be nice if the list of airport codes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_by_IATA_code:_N had a sublist for "city codes" such as NYC and BER. I.E one code for multiple airports. 79.181.180.169 (talk) 14:48, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

US centric
This entry is quite US-centric. Would it make sense to divide into regions more clearly ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.90.95.165 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 7 August 2015
 * Not anymore, I guess - Toothswung (talk) 04:39, 7 August 2017 (UTC)

Marketing usage
This is probably WP:OR without a source, but I'd like to see some discussion about how airports create marketing slogans around their IATA codes. The three examples I have in mind are all somewhat non-intuitive codes for their respective cities, which I suspect is not a coincidence—the marketing push could also help create mnemonics for remembering the codes. Orlando Sanford and Spokane use "Simpler, Faster, Better" and "Generating Economic Growth", respectively, in marketing. Norfolk uses "Take ORF" (which I've always assumed to be a play on "Take off"). --BDD (talk) 19:36, 8 January 2016 (UTC)
 * The problem is that these are, essentially, nerdy jokes. And you will need to find somebody explaining those nerdy jokes in order to provide a source and avoid OR. And that will be tough. CapnZapp (talk) 18:49, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

methodology
The history and conventions section says the following:

 * Generally speaking, airport codes are named after the first three letters of the city in which it is located ... or a combination of the letters in its name.

It then proceeds to give "EWR for Newark" as an example of the latter. However, it then continues on by saying

 * For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above

But it gives "HNL for Honolulu" as an example. Now, could someone explain to me why Honolulu is in the second category while Newark is in the first? To me, they appear to have the exact same characteristics: three letters, in order, but not contiguous. Newark. Honolulu. What's the difference? CapnZapp (talk) 18:40, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

A "former name" is not the same thing as an "exonym".
A former name is not the same thing as an exonym - a name by which a place is known in one or more foreign languages,  other than those of it's inhabitants. Some exonyms have fallen out of common use, to a greater extent than others have,   but that still doesn't make it a "former name".Lathamibird (talk) 07:07, 7 November 2016 (UTC)

Number of possible codes
A source said it could be given IATA possibles codes (26 * 26 * 26). It assumes there is only letters in _ and _ and _. Are we sure there is no figures possibles in these codes ? --Bouzinac (talk) 10:05, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

Airports with multiple IATA codes?
Would it be interesting to add something about single airports that have multiple codes? The only example I know of is EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg (3 IATA codes: MLH, BSL, EAP) but I guess there are probably others. Sinkingpie (talk) 21:47, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

Colloquial reference
I'm trying to avoid getting embroiled in an edit war. Regardless of the the ultimate call on how the page should look, I would appreciate if we could be a little less rude in edit summaries.

There seems to me to be no good reason to blank out the colloquial references section. @2600:1700:F56:FE10:C5EB:2475:7674:52D8's objection appears to be that these colloquial references are done everywhere, and not just in the United States. This is indeed true; it strikes me as an even stronger argument for keeping the section. The section does not say or even imply that this is a strictly US practice, especially now that I have edited the examples section so it no longer says the American ones are "most common", and I have cited those examples (If someone would like to cite an example from outside the US I would welcome that; I couldn't find anything readily). AntiDionysius (talk) 21:07, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:IATA airport code


text:
Talk:Fark

Bannination?
I'm thinking there should be some mention of bannination.com, a site setup by fark.com users frustrated with its new moderation policies some years back. Users of fark.com cannot even hint that the site exists without their post and all posts quoteing it being removed. Surely Wikipedia can help keep fark.com users informed with more open information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.0.162.62 (talk) 20:49, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

LOL was this you too?

While Fark claims to be without political bias, conservative or right-wing comments are usually deleted by the moderators and the user who made those comments is usually banned from commenting on the site for a particular period of time. Right of center viewpoints are de facto censored on Fark. A simple perusal of the Fark Politics tab on any given day will show that the overwhelming majority of headlines favor the liberal or left-wing view on the topic.

Talk about butthurt.

Australia?
Just noticed this site: www.farkaustralia.com.au. It doesn't appear to have any connection to the US-based site, but the meaning of the term he's using appears similar. I'm not sure what his point is, though,. . . WTF? (talk) 16:14, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

Fark-TV
Hello WTF. Saw that you reversed my small edit to Fark-TV, since it was not supported. Fair enough. In reading the WP:RS page, it seems that a reference to a piece of work itself is a source, and that a "lightweight source" may be deemed acceptable to support a "lightweight claim". Therefore, would references to videos of each mentioned "piece of work" and an additional reference to a "lightweight source" such as the Fark-TV imdb page be sufficient to support my one sentence "lightweight claim"? Gulbenk (talk) 18:55, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Sorry, but IMDB is NOT an acceptable source in this case because that information was clearly added by a random user of IMDB and unverified. The "piece of work" verification does not apply in this case because the content in question is attributable only to what amounts now as an "Internet blog" and not a form of reputable media, due to the fact that Fark TV no longer exists. It is also completely out of the scope of this article to cover minor "programs" of a pseudo television "network" that no longer exists. WTF? (talk) 15:00, 9 August 2012 (UTC)

imdb is, unquestionably, a lightweight source. But I believe it is sufficient to at least substantiate the claim that there were at least 135 named episodes produced. I believe that is in line with the (direct) quote I cited from WP:RS. Also, I believe that "piece of work" verification can be perfected, with a direct link to one or more of the rare episodes still available online. I would have to strongly disagree with your "out of scope" comment...which I believe is the issue at the heart of this disagreement. These minor programs (regardless of their "pseudo television network" presentation) were a branded FARK product, with oversight by Drew. The venture didn't work, and it no longer exists, but you cannot simply assign it to the memory hole because it is inconvenient. If this article is about FARK, then it is proper to discuss all FARK branded products. It is certainly no mor out of scope than a Tennessee road sign.

 * Fark TV was really nothing more than a poorly conceived and produced blog, or "video blog". Specific episodes of it are about as notable as naval lint. Wikipedia doesn't cover blogs for that reason. WTF? (talk) 21:33, 9 August 2012 (UTC)

Sentence relevancy?
Is the last sentence of the "Photoshop contest" subsection under the Features section relevant? Or biased? Shrillpicc100 (talk) 20:37, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

"Drew Curtis' FARK.com" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drew_Curtis%27_FARK.com&redirect=no Drew Curtis' FARK.com] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 22:21, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

"Jailarity" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jailarity&redirect=no Jailarity] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 16:44, 14 April 2024 (UTC)

"Modmin" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modmin&redirect=no Modmin] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 06:56, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fark


text:
E-gold

e-gold was a digital gold currency operated by Gold & Silver Reserve Inc. (G&SR) that allowed users to make payments, which it called "spends", in grams of gold, silver, and other precious metals. e-gold was launched in 1996 and grew to five million accounts by 2009, when transfers were suspended due to legal issues. At its peak in 2006, e-gold processed more than US$2 billion worth of spends per year, backed by over US$85 million worth of gold, about 3.8 t. e-gold Ltd. was incorporated in Nevis, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and its operations were based in Florida.

Beginnings
e-gold was founded by Douglas Jackson, an oncologist, and Barry Downey, an attorney, in 1996. The pair originally backed e-gold accounts with gold coins stored in a safe deposit box in Melbourne, Florida. When e-gold was at its peak, the company stored its gold and platinum in bank vaults in London and Dubai.

By 1998, G&SR was an affiliate member of NACHA and a full member of NACHA's Internet council. The company experienced exponential growth starting in 2000. In a July 13, 1999 article in the Financial Times, Tim Jackson (no relation to Douglas) described e-gold as "the only electronic currency that has achieved critical mass on the web". In 2001, the company said that e-gold had more than 200,000 accounts and more than $14 million of digital gold currency in circulation. By 2004, there were over a million accounts.

By the early 2000s, the capability of immediate settlement, as implemented by e-gold, was recognized as key to the emergence of systems for peer-to-peer transfers of digital rights such as "smart contracts".

e-gold was a founding member of the Financial Coalition Against Child Pornography. In 2005 and 2006, the company took effective action to combat child exploitation.

Criminal abuse
e-gold was a target of financial malware and phishing scams by criminal syndicates and was used for illegal activities. In December 2005, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) raided G&SR's offices, seizing files and hardware, as part of an investigation into e-gold's use in criminal activities. A month later, no charges had been filed against Jackson or his businesses.

Hackers
Because of e-gold's hard money and non-repudiation policies, it was an early and particularly attractive target of phishing attacks against its users. Attackers also exploited flaws in the Microsoft Windows operating systems and Internet Explorer web browser to collect account details from millions of computers to compromise online accounts, including e-gold accounts. In the first half of 2004, e-gold implemented one-time passwords to improve its security.

Jackson said that e-gold is a book entry system with account histories, making it possible to identify users who had engaged in illicit activity. e-gold accounts were pseudonymous, allowing an account's creator to use any name. Law enforcement could use e-gold's account and transaction records, cross-referenced with data from exchangers, to identify criminal users of the service.

Fraud
In a lengthy article in BusinessWeek's January 9, 2006 issue, a reporter wrote that online payment systems, including e-gold, have become popular among merchants engaged in carding, identity theft, and money laundering. Jackson said that his company has an investigative staff that responds to inquiries from law enforcement agencies, and that his company does not cater to criminals.

The Western Express Cybercrime Group, a five-man fraud syndicate based in Eastern Europe, engaged in carding, selling illegally obtained goods and using e-gold and other digital currencies to store the proceeds.

Prosecution and closure
In 2007, a U.S. federal grand jury indicted e-gold, accusing it of money laundering, conspiracy, and operating an unlicensed money transmitting business, stating that it knew its service was being abused by identity thieves and child pornographers but did not do enough to stop them. The company denied the charges. In July 2008, the company and its three directors entered into a plea agreement. Douglas Jackson pleaded guilty to operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business and conspiracy to engage in money laundering. In November 2008, Jackson was sentenced to 300 hours of community service, a $200 fine, and three years of supervision, including six months of electronically monitored home detention. Jackson had faced a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison and a $500,000 fine. Judge Rosemary Collyer opted for a much more lenient sentence because of Jackson's significant personal debt. "Dr. Jackson has suffered, will continue to suffer, and may never be successful with e-Gold," said the judge.

Reid Jackson, Douglas's brother, and Barry Downey, a company director, were each sentenced to three years of probation and 300 hours of community service, and ordered to pay a $2,500 fine and a $100 assessment.

e-gold's plea agreement included a forfeiture of about $1.2 million to the government, a $300,000 fine, and a condition that Douglas Jackson impose know your customer (KYC) rules on e-gold customers. Customers who lived in high-risk countries or who had not completed KYC verification were limited to low or no transaction rates. e-gold announced a claims process in December 2010, and launched it in June 2013, for account holders to access the funds they had deposited. As of November 2013, users could not use e-gold's web site for other purposes. Jackson told the Financial Times in a November 2013 article that he had hoped to resurrect e-gold himself, but that he had not been able to obtain the licenses required in most US states.

title: E-gold


text:
User talk:Tim Ivorson

Feel free to [ leave me a message].

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello Tim Ivorson, welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for all your contributions. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them: If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
 * MediaWiki User's Guide
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

—Noldoaran (Talk) 03:18, Dec 14, 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Good luck getting health benefits.
 * Tim Ivorson 14:58, 20 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Admin nomination
G'day mate, thanks for your support on the request for adminship page! - Ta bu shi da yu 08:39, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Exploding whale
Thanks! - Ta bu shi da yu 21:26, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Blockquote
I fear you might have misunderstood the purpose of the  tag. In addition to the semantic message ("this chunk of text is quoted from somewhere") it also indents the left and right margins, unlike the normal wiki-indent which applies only to the left margin. HTH HAND --Phil | Talk 15:49, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)

Reggae category
Hi Tim: I saw that you removed the Reggae category on Reggaeton as there was a sub-category. What I'm trying to understand is why not have a sub-category entry show on the Category page, esp. for people browsing.

Nicky Dread

No worries :-)
Still can't work out the problem though. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:10, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

 * No worries. So am I. I really /should/ be doing something else right now ;) --Tagishsimon (talk)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Nomination
Hey, many thanks for all your work on hip hop stuff (and other stuff too). If it's alright with you, I'd like to nominate you for admin status. Would you accept such a nomination? It seems likely to me you'll pass, as you have many edits and have been around quite a while, and AFAIK you've never been in any serious disputes. Tuf-Kat 22:26, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * And you have been nominated! You'll have to accept your nomination formally at Requests for adminship. Tuf-Kat 03:46, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations!
Congratulations! It's my pleasure to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. You might find the new administrators' how-to guide helpful. Cheers! -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 04:37, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You're very welcome, and congratulations! Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 17:48, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Congrats and Happy New Year! : ) --MPerel 18:05, Jan 3, 2005 (UTC)

You're very welcome, -- R yan! |  Talk  06:56, Jan 4, 2005 (UTC)

Happy new year!
Welcome aboard :-) Ta bu shi da yu 03:52, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Don't abuse the minor edit box.
You made a substantive revert on Fox News, and labeled it a minor edit. Perhaps that would be OK for vandalism.--Silverback 12:11, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

How to read a poem
Hi Tim: This article has moved to Poetry analysis. You may wish to update your user page to bypass the redirect. --Theo (Talk) 11:27, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

FOX News
Thanks for doing the revert on where the story re Bush drunk driving came from - I was planning on doing that, got interrupted at work, and forgot until I saw you had done it Trödel| talk

I like the more concise version you put up. As you probably know - I think we should be as concise and fact based as possible, particularly when editing controversial aspects of articls. I agree re the source - it really isn't needed.

re FOX and its affiliates. The general reason people care is that FOX claims no oversight over its affiliates yet quotes conservative breaking stories in support of its contention that is does things to hurt conservatives as well - so I think the point is - FOX is really conservative since it had no control over those stories anyway. I have caught FOX News some since the major edit we did back in January, but still am not paying the extra $10 to get the channel with dish network. But a very liberal person in my office admitted to me that she loves watching FOX News because the personalities are more "real" and it is "interesting" compared to the other news stories. She also admitted that she gets angry sometimes with their opinions but that she still likes the channel better than the "bland" news from other sources. (I summarized the convo but she used all the quoted words). I was trying to figure out how to incorporate this into the article - and if it is just a one person thing - or if it could explain the trend for FOX News to gain viewers and have much better ratings despite the handicap of being available in fewer homes. Any thoughts? Trödel| talk 16:19, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hip hop
No probs, I could tell they were in major need of cleanup...glad to know you appreciate it. Bearcat 08:14, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Silverback
I'm wondering if Silverback's string of edits on Fox News might be actionable in some way. Could you check it out? crazyeddie 19:06, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hip hop
Hi there, sorry if I just reverted you by accident - edit conflict. Some anon user keeps removing any references to America from Hip -hop related articles. I'll fix it now. illWill 15:34, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

your Brit Hume revert
User:Collingsworth left this message without signing it:

Hello. I'm confused by this:

''I reverted this addition to the article. Here it is with some changes:

Hume's defenders point out that what he said had nothing to do with the pace of the negative adds from Bush and Kerry at different points of time but rather the total amount of negative adds taken together.

''I think that this is rubbish. Do others agree? Tim Ivorson 12:09, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)''

From Talk:Brit Hume

This post is ambiguous. Do you think this is rubbish "Hume's defenders point out that what he said ..." or do you think this is rubbish "what he said had nothing to do with the pace of the negative adds from Bush and Kerry at different points of time but rather the total amount of negative adds taken together."

I realize that it's been along time since you made this edit, but any clarification would be much appreciated.

Betty Boo
To answer your general question, certainly my research tends to support 1970 as her correct year of birth. There has been a little editing war on Wikipedia over this detail in recent times, but I am much more comfortable with 1970 than 1971. I do study these things - "pop star" dates of birth, that is (so I probably really should get out more).

Best Wishes

Derek R Bullamore 21:31, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Vikram Seth photo
Nice photo; I've searched myself for photos of Seth that aren't subject to copyright. The article previously contained a photo which was removed due to this issue; can you provide the necessary copyright information that will prevent this from happening again? Thanks. Masalai 16:12, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Barnstar (x2)

 * [[Image:Barnstar Hip hop.png|frame|right|Thanks for your contributions to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject hip hop|Hip hop]]-related articles!--Urthogie 07:38, 2 June 2006 (UTC)]]

Big L locations
I'm not sure this is a Wikipedia standard per se, although I can not find that many oppositions to it, particularly in infoboxes when referring to places of deaths and births, any time it takes place in the borough of Manhattan it is shown as either "New York City" or "New York, New York" and very rarely will be seen as "Manhattan, New York". Some exacples are Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Mario Elie, and Robert De Niro. In the article itself, I see no problem using Harlem or Manhattan to denote where he was born or died. But surely "Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA" is a little too much for an infobox. Obviously I am not an all-known Wikipedia god, and if you think I am wrong I guess you could put it up for a vote and see what the consensus is. --Zimbabweed 19:45, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I can see you wanting to emphasize the Harlem in the article (or infobox), but readers need look no further than the first line of the article to see Big L spent his entire life in Harlem. As infoboxed tend to be more "official" (for lack of a better word), Harlem is not really an official place, it is merely a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, and I believe putting a neighborhood as a place of birth or death would be unencyclopedic, however mentioning that he was spent his life there would be appropriate. --Zimbabweed 15:08, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Links
I notice from a comment on the Manual of style talk page that you are interested in date links. You may wish to use my monobook tool. It detects links to solitary years and solitary months with one click on a 'dates' tab in edit mode. You can then accept or reject the changes offered and/or do more editing before pressing 'Save'.

If you want to use it, simply copy the entire contents of User:Bobblewik/monobook.js to User:Tim Ivorson/monobook.js. Then follow the instructions in your monobook to clear the cache (i.e. press Ctrl-Shift-R in Firefox, or Ctrl-F5 in IE) before it will work. Hope that helps. bobblewik 17:58, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Year in Music
Whoa--are you going around removing all the YEAR in music|YEAR links? That strikes me as being singularly unhelpful. Nareek 17:09, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

I did follow your link to WP:PIPE. You'll note that it says at the top that it's a "proposed" policy. Going around unilaterally changing numerous pages on the basis of a proposed policy seems, I don't know, not such a good idea.

I also tried to follow the discussion of the "YEAR in" aspect of the proposed policy as far as I could trace it--it seems like wherever it was discussed, it was hotly contested, and I never found a point where any consensus had been reached. Nareek 19:40, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

I appreciate that--I apologize if I seemed pissy about this. Nareek 15:01, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

immortal technique mp3 bootlegs
why do you keep adding mp3 bootlegs to IT's discography? doesnt make any sense as theres a dozen out there and none of them was ever actually bootlegged and sold on cd. makes no sense. --80.134.138.176 13:01, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Gang Starr etc
You really know your stuff, its good to see people like you involved in hip-hop on wikipedia.

Peace, Samlich 08:31, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

RE: Immortal Technique
Thank ya brah. I try to lil bits to make the pages look better. --PDTantisocial 09:05, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

DJ Screw
I have addressed your comment on the DJ Screw talk page. - Zepheus (ツィフィアス) 17:40, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Punk music
Whats up? Hi, I'm trying to gather some more interest and support for the WikiProject Punk music. Please check out the topics and lets get our WikiProject to function better. Recently, I've taken an interest in the WikiProject hip hop and I consider that WikiProject to be better developed. I am now writing to usernames on the hiphopWP who might be interested in helping with the punkmusicWP. Hopefully we can all work together to improve articles relating to punk as has been done well with hip hop. Finally, I am trying to gather support and opinions concerning the punk house article and specifically the Theta Beta Potata article which is currently in AfD (x2) at Articles for deletion/Theta Beta Potata (second nomination). Please check it out and voice your opinion. Xsxex 09:18, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Cutting (music)
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Cutting (music), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of Cutting (music). Mbisanz (talk) 08:05, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:DoggPoundDoggFood.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:DoggPoundDoggFood.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Project FMF (talk) 21:45, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

The Middle Passage is up for deletion
As said in the title, The upcoming IT album is up for deleteion. Let's see if we can save it. The disscussion is hereJohan Rachmaninov (talk) 18:45, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

Simon Hoggart's affair with Kimberley Quinn
You may wish to comment on the discussion here: Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography  SilkTork  *YES! 10:50, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:PublicEnemyApocalypse91.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:PublicEnemyApocalypse91.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 02:08, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

Hip hop WikiProject Roll Call
Hello, fellow Hip Hop WikiProject members!

This message is being sent out to let all listed members of the project know to re-add your name to the members list, as all current names on the list have been erased in order to find out who is still active on the project. WikiGuy86 (talk) 19:27, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Sealab 2021
I want to thank you for your edit on Sealab 2021, i knew my wording was off but was struggling to find the proper phrase. 'Reuse' of characters fits perfectly and inline with what the quote was. Perfect! MrMacMan Talk  22:20, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

MSU Interview
Dear Tim Ivorson,

My name is Jonathan Obar user:Jaobar, I'm a professor in the College of Communication Arts and Sciences at Michigan State University and a Teaching Fellow with the Wikimedia Foundation's Education Program. This semester I've been running a little experiment at MSU, a class where we teach students about becoming Wikipedia administrators. Not a lot is known about your community, and our students (who are fascinated by wiki-culture by the way!) want to learn how you do what you do, and why you do it. A while back I proposed this idea (the class) to the communityHERE, where it was met mainly with positive feedback. Anyhow, I'd like my students to speak with a few administrators to get a sense of admin experiences, training, motivations, likes, dislikes, etc. We were wondering if you'd be interested in speaking with one of our students.

So a few things about the interviews:
 * Interviews will last between 15 and 30 minutes.
 * Interviews can be conducted over skype (preferred), IRC or email. (You choose the form of communication based upon your comfort level, time, etc.)
 * All interviews will be completely anonymous, meaning that you (real name and/or pseudonym) will never be identified in any of our materials, unless you give the interviewer permission to do so.
 * All interviews will be completely voluntary. You are under no obligation to say yes to an interview, and can say no and stop or leave the interview at any time.
 * The entire interview process is being overseen by MSU's institutional review board (ethics review). This means that all questions have been approved by the university and all students have been trained how to conduct interviews ethically and properly.

Bottom line is that we really need your help, and would really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you. If interested, please send me an email at obar@msu.edu (to maintain anonymity) and I will add your name to my offline contact list. If you feel comfortable doing so, you can post your nameHERE instead.

If you have questions or concerns at any time, feel free to email me at obar@msu.edu. I will be more than happy to speak with you.

Thanks in advance for your help. We have a lot to learn from you.

Sincerely,

Jonathan Obar --Jaobar — Preceding unsigned comment added by 35.9.115.210 (talk) 20:12, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for July 6
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee, you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages David Morris and Robert Neill. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Coop Bank

The article Coop Bank has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No indication of notability. No sources.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on |the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Coderzombie (talk) 09:03, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

Two-Factor Authentication now available for admins
Hello,

Please note that TOTP based two-factor authentication is now available for all administrators. In light of the recent compromised accounts, you are encouraged to add this additional layer of security to your account. It may be enabled on your preferences page in the "User profile" tab under the "Basic information" section. For basic instructions on how to enable two-factor authentication, please see the developing help page for additional information. Important: Be sure to record the two-factor authentication key and the single use keys. If you lose your two factor authentication and do not have the keys, it's possible that your account will not be recoverable. Furthermore, you are encouraged to utilize a unique password and two-factor authentication for the email account associated with your Wikimedia account. This measure will assist in safeguarding your account from malicious password resets. Comments, questions, and concerns may be directed to the thread on the administrators' noticeboard. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

A new user right for New Page Patrollers
Hi.

A new user group, New Page Reviewer, has been created in a move to greatly improve the standard of new page patrolling. The user right can be granted by any admin at PERM. It is highly recommended that admins look beyond the simple numerical threshold and satisfy themselves that the candidates have the required skills of communication and an advanced knowledge of notability and deletion. Admins are automatically included in this user right.

It is anticipated that this user right will significantly reduce the work load of admins who patrol the performance of the patrollers. However,due to the complexity of the rollout, some rights may have been accorded that may later need to be withdrawn, so some help will still be needed to some extent when discovering wrongly applied deletion tags or inappropriate pages that escape the attention of less experienced reviewers, and above all, hasty and bitey tagging for maintenance. User warnings are available here but very often a friendly custom message works best.

If you have any questions about this user right, don't hesitate to join us at WT:NPR. (Sent to all admins) .MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:48, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

A page you started (Tendra (disambiguation)) has been reviewed!
Thanks for creating Tendra (disambiguation), Tim Ivorson!

Wikipedia editor TheMagikCow just reviewed your page, and wrote this note for you:

"I have moved the page per WP:DABNAME and changed the text to fit with other disambig pages."

To reply, leave a comment on TheMagikCow's talk page.

Learn more about page curation.

TheMagikCow (talk) 14:57, 15 January 2017 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter - February 2017
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2017). This first issue is being sent out to all administrators, if you wish to keep receiving it please subscribe. Your feedback is welcomed.

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg NinjaRobotPirate • Schwede66 • K6ka • Ealdgyth • Ferret • Cyberpower678 • Mz7 • Primefac • Dodger67
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Briangotts • JeremyA • BU Rob13

Guideline and policy news
 * A discussion to workshop proposals to amend the administrator inactivity policy at Wikipedia talk:Administrators has been in process since late December 2016.
 * Pending changes/Request for Comment 2016 closed with no consensus for implementing Pending changes level 2 with new criteria for use.
 * Following an RfC, an activity requirement is now in place for bots and bot operators.

Technical news
 * When performing some administrative actions the reason field briefly gave suggestions as text was typed. This change has since been reverted so that issues with the implementation can be addressed. (T34950)
 * Following the latest RfC concluding that Pending Changes 2 should not be used on the English Wikipedia, an RfC closed with consensus to remove the options for using it from the page protection interface, a change which has now been made. (T156448)
 * The Foundation has announced a new community health initiative to combat harassment. This should bring numerous improvements to tools for admins and CheckUsers in 2017.

Arbitration
 * The Arbitration Committee released a response to the Wikimedia Foundation's statement on paid editing and outing.

Obituaries
 * JohnCD (John Cameron Deas) passed away on 30 December 2016. John began editing Wikipedia seriously during 2007 and became an administrator in November 2009.

Discuss this newsletter • Subscribe • Archive

13:38, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

Request for consensus on capitalization of "independent"
Hi, you may be able to provide insight on the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biography/Politics and government. It's clear that "independent" should not be capitalized in a sentence (except if it's the first word), as is the usage in Independent politician, because it is a common noun and not a proper noun, like Republican. Should it be capitalized in an infobox or when it's abreviated in parentheses, i.e. Bernie Sanders (i) vs Bernie Sanders (I)? I look forward to your thoughts at the talk page, above. Sincerely, HopsonRoad (talk) 22:06, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

ArbCom 2019 special circular

This message was sent to all administrators following a recent motion. Thank you for your attention. For the Arbitration Committee, Cameron11598 02:18, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Administrator account security (Correction to Arbcom 2019 special circular)
ArbCom would like to apologise and correct our previous mass message in light of the response from the community.

Since November 2018, six administrator accounts have been compromised and temporarily desysopped. In an effort to help improve account security, our intention was to remind administrators of existing policies on account security — that they are required to "have strong passwords and follow appropriate personal security practices." We have updated our procedures to ensure that we enforce these policies more strictly in the future. The policies themselves have not changed. In particular, two-factor authentication remains an optional means of adding extra security to your account. The choice not to enable 2FA will not be considered when deciding to restore sysop privileges to administrator accounts that were compromised.

We are sorry for the wording of our previous message, which did not accurately convey this, and deeply regret the tone in which it was delivered.

For the Arbitration Committee, -Cameron11598 21:04, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

"Meniscal" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Meniscal. Since you had some involvement with the Meniscal redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 18:36, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

Happy Adminship Anniversary!
 Happy Adminship Anniversary! Have a very happy adminship anniversary on your special day!

Best wishes, CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 07:02, 31 December 2019 (UTC)

Happy Adminship Anniversary!
 Happy Adminship Anniversary! Have a very happy adminship anniversary on your special day!

Best wishes, CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 00:41, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

"White(people)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect White(people). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 March 30 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Laterthanyouthink (talk) 23:01, 30 March 2021 (UTC)

Administrators will no longer be autopatrolled
A recently closed Request for Comment (RFC) reached consensus to remove Autopatrolled from the administrator user group. You may, similarly as with Edit Filter Manager, choose to self-assign this permission to yourself. This will be implemented the week of December 13th, but if you wish to self-assign you may do so now. To find out when the change has gone live or if you have any questions please visit the Administrator's Noticeboard. 20:07, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

How we will see unregistered users
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin will still be able to access the IP. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on better tools to help.

If you have not seen it before, you can read more on Meta. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can subscribe to the weekly technical newsletter.

We have two suggested ways this identity could work. We would appreciate your feedback on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can let us know on the talk page. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. /Johan (WMF)

18:12, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

New administrator activity requirement
22:53, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

"Gem corn" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Gem corn and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 November 27 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. MB 01:13, 27 November 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:25, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

Happy Eighteenth Adminship Anniversary!
 Happy Adminship Anniversary! Have a very happy adminship anniversary on your special day!

Best wishes, Chris Troutman  ( talk ) 17:47, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Administrative permissions and inactivity reminder
This is a reminder that established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have made fewer than 100 edits over a 60-month period. You are receiving this annual reminder since you have averaged less than 50 edits per year over the last 5 years.Inactive administrators are encouraged to reengage with the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for reengaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to be engaged with the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 00:20, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

"Mid Sussex(UK Parliament constituency)" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid_Sussex(UK_Parliament_constituency)&redirect=no Mid Sussex(UK Parliament constituency)] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Steel1943 (talk) 06:27, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

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 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:20, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Administrative permissions and inactivity reminder
This is a reminder that established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have made fewer than 100 edits over a 60-month period. You are receiving this annual reminder since you have averaged less than 50 edits per year over the last 5 years.Inactive administrators are encouraged to reengage with the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for reengaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to be engaged with the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 00:30, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tim Ivorson


text:
User talk:Darkaddress

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

you can sign your name using three tildes, like. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

title: User talk:Darkaddress