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Liberty Korea Party

The Liberty Korea Party was a conservative   political party in South Korea that was described variously as right-wing,  right-wing populist, or far-right. Until February 2017, it was known as the Saenuri Party, and before that as the Hannara Party from 1997 to 2012, both of which are still colloquially used to refer to the party. The party formerly held a plurality of seats in the 20th Assembly before its ruling status was transferred to the Democratic Party of Korea on 27 December 2016, following the creation of the splinter Bareun Party by former Saenuri members who distanced themselves from President Park Geun-hye in the 2016 South Korean political scandal.

In February 2020, the Liberty Korea Party merged with Onward for Future 4.0 and the New Conservative Party, launching the United Future Party to contest the 2020 South Korean legislative election.

1997: Foundation of Grand National Party
The party was founded in 1997, when the United Democratic Party and New Korea Party merged.

Its earliest ancestor was the Democratic Republican Party under the authoritarian rule of Park Chung Hee in 1963. On Park's death, and at the beginning of the rule of Chun Doo-hwan in 1980, it was reconstituted and renamed as the Democratic Justice Party. In 1988, party member Roh Tae-woo introduced a wide range of political reforms including direct presidential elections and a new constitution.

The party was renamed in 1993, during the presidency of Kim Young-sam, with the merger of other parties to form the Democratic Liberal Party (Minju Jayudang). It was renamed as the New Korea Party (Sinhangukdang) in 1995, and it then became the Grand National Party in November 1997 following its merger with the smaller United Democratic Party and various conservative parties.

1998–2007: Lost ten years
Three months later, in 1998, with the election of Kim Dae-jung of the National Congress for New Politics as president, the conservative party's governing role came to an end, and it began its first ever period in opposition, which would last ten years. In October 2012, the Advancement Unification Party merged with the Saenuri Party.

Following the 2000 parliamentary elections, it was the single largest political party, with 54% of the vote and 133 seats out of 271. The party continued to control the National Assembly.

The party was defeated in the parliamentary election in 2004 following the attempted impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun, gaining only 121 seats out of 299. The party's defeat reflected public disapproval of the attempted impeachment, which was instigated by the party. This was the first time in its history the party had not won the most seats. It gained back five seats in by-elections, bringing it to 127 seats as of 28 October 2005.

2008–2012: Recovering position of the ruling party and Lee Myung-bak government
On 19 December 2007, the GNP's candidate, former Seoul mayor Lee Myung-bak won the presidential election, ending the party's ten-year period in opposition.

In the April 2008 general election, the GNP secured a majority of 153 seats out of 299 and gained power in the administration and the parliament as well as most local governments, despite low voter turnout.

One of the main bases of popular support of the party originates from the conservative, traditionalist elite and the rural population, except for farmers. It is strongest in the Gyeongsang region. Former party head, and 2007 presidential candidate, Park Geun-hye is the daughter of former President Park Chung Hee who ruled from 1961 to 1979. Although Representative Won Hee-ryeong and Hong Jun-pyo ran for the party primary as reformist candidates, former Seoul mayor and official presidential candidate Lee Myung-bak gained more support (about 40%) from the Korean public.

The GNP suffered a setback in the 2010 local elections, losing a total of 775 local seats throughout the counties, but remained with the most seats in the region.

GNP-affiliated politician, Oh Se-hoon, lost his mayoral position in Seoul after the Seoul Free Lunch Referendum.

The Grand National Party celebrated its 14th anniversary on 21 November 2011, amid uncertainties from intra-party crises.

The DDoS attacks during the October 2011 by-election have become a central concern of the GNP as it could potentially disintegrate the party leadership.

Emergency Response Commission
The Hong Jun-pyo leadership system collapsed on 9 December 2011, and the GNP Emergency Response Commission was launched on 17 December 2011, with Park Geun-hye as commission chairperson, to prepare for the forthcoming Legislative Election 2012 on 11 April 2012, and the Presidential Election 2012 on 19 December 2012.

There was a debate with Commission members about whether to transform the Grand National Party into a non-conservative political party or not, but Park said the GNP would never become non-conservative and will follow the real values of conservatism.

2016–2019: 2016 South Korean political scandal and impeachment
The party's leader and South Korean President Park Geun-hye was impeached and convicted for her role in a corruption scandal.

Dissolution
The Liberty Korea Party merged with Onward for Future 4.0 and the New Conservative Party on 17 February, launching the United Future Party in time for the upcoming 2020 South Korean legislative election.

Official color
In February 2012, the party changed its political official color from blue to red. This was a change from the previous 30 years where blue was usually the symbol of the conservative parties.

Ideology and policies
The party supports free trade and neoliberal economic policies. It favors maintaining strong cooperation with the United States and Japan, and also believes that each Korean first level province needs to have a sustainable economy. The party is also conservative on social issues such as opposition to legal recognition of same-sex couples. The party supports equality between man and woman, as quoted, "and ensure that both men and women are equally guaranteed opportunities"

Four major rivers project
One of the party's important policies is to financially secure The Four Major Rivers Project since President Lee Myung-bak was in office. This project's budget disputes have sparked controversial political motions in the National Assembly for three consecutive years.

Sejong City project
The party has been less inclined toward the creation of a new capital city for South Korea, to be called Sejong City than the previous administration. As of 2012, the Saenuri Party has indicated that some governmental offices will be relocated to the new city, but not all.

Human rights activism
The party has been very active in promoting the North Korean Human Rights Law, which would officially condemn the use of torture, public executions and other human rights violations in North Korea.

Party representative Ha Tae Kyung is the founder of Open Radio for North Korea, an NGO dedicated to spreading news and information about democracy, to which citizens of North Korea have little access due to their government's isolationist policies. In April 2012, Saenuri member Cho Myung-Chul became the first North Korean defector elected to the National Assembly. In spring 2012, several Saenuri representatives took part in the Save My Friend protests, organized to oppose China's policy of repatriating North Korean defectors, and expressed their solidarity with Park Sun-young's hunger strike.

Online sockpuppetry
The party has records of secretly hiring and paying university students to generate online replies favorable to the GNP. GNP member Jin Seong-ho (진성호) formally apologized on 2 July 2009, for making a remark that "the GNP occupied Naver," one of the biggest South Korean internet portals.

8 December 2010, controversial bill-passing
The party passed a bill relating to the year 2011 national budget without the opposition parties' input on 8 December 2010. It had caused legislative violence before. This process of passing the budget bill sparked controversy over potential illegality. Due to this incident, many South Korean political, academic and citizen groups expressed their outrage against current mainstream politics. The reason for forceful passing of the bill was due mainly to the budget disputes over the controversial Four Major Rivers Project. Many Buddhists in South Korea criticized the budget bill for neglecting the national Temple Stay program. This has led the Jogye Order, the largest Buddhist order in South Korea, to sever ties with the GNP and becoming financially independent without any funding from the government. The interns and the staff working in the National Assembly officially complained on 17 December that their salary was unpaid after the passing of this bill.

Views of Individual Party Members
Certain members of the Liberty Korea Party have faced criticism for expressing anti-refugee, homophobic views and advocacy of authoritarian rules of the October Restoration.

Chairpersons

 * Note
 * $ERC$ - as head of Emergency Response Committee
 * * - as the de facto head of party

Party splits

 * Saenuri Party (2017) (2017-since)
 * Korean Patriots' Party (2017-since)

title: Liberty Korea Party


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Kansas Department of Corrections

The Kansas Department of Corrections (KDOC) is a cabinet-level agency of Kansas that operates the state's correctional facilities, both juvenile and adult, the state's parole system, and the state's Prisoner Review Board. It is headquartered in Topeka.

Correctional facilities

The Kansas Department of Corrections operates eight adult correctional facility sites, three satellite correctional facility sites, and one juvenile correctional facility.
 * El Dorado Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 1955)
 * Ellsworth Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 913)
 * Hutchinson Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 1862)
 * Kansas Juvenile Correctional Complex (offender capacity 270)
 * Lansing Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 1906)
 * Larned Correctional Mental Health Facility (inmate capacity 626)
 * Norton Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 975)
 * Topeka Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 903) – Women's facility
 * Winfield Correctional Facility (inmate capacity 554)
 * Wichita Work Release Facility (inmate capacity 250)

Community & Field Services
The community and field services division has two units - parole and community corrections.

Victim Services
The Office of Victim Services (OVS) provides confidential support and information to victims, survivors, and witnesses if the offender in the crime was sentenced to incarceration in the Kansas Department of Corrections. Services provided include victim notification, safety planning, victim restitution, parole comment session advocacy, Victim/Offender Dialogue (VOD) program, facility tours, and apology letters.

Kansas Correctional Industries
The department uses inmate labor to produce products such as office furniture, park equipment, and clothing for state government. Workers are paid very small sums allowing KCI to undercut conventional businesses.

Staffing
The department has suffered staff shortages for many years. In 2017, press reports indicated a turnover among KDOC officers of 46% per year. A 10% pay raise increased the hourly wage for uniformed employees to $14.66, but did not include non-uniformed staff. The El Dorado facility was authorized a staff of 682, but about a quarter of the positions were vacant.

By 2019, the department was forced to contract with CoreCivic to move six hundred prisoners to Arizona due to staff shortages. At that time, the department reported an overall inmate population of 10,002 indicating about ten percent of the population was to be moved out of state.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kansas Department of Corrections


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Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)

The Democratic Party (DP) was a political party in South Korea. Formerly named Millennium Democratic Party (MDP), it was renamed on 6 May 2005. After its dissolution, its members joined the Uri Party or the successor Democratic Party.

History
In 2000, the party officially founded, after it merged of National Congress for New Politics and New People Party led by Lee In-je and a number of conservative minded politicians joined it. In the 2000 Parliamentary election the party came second winning 115 seats.

Roh Moo-hyun was elected as president in 2002, but he subsequently left the party after he inaugurated as president and his supporters formed the Uri Party in 2003.

The MDP lost majority when Roh was impeached in March 2004 by the National Assembly for illegal electioneering and incompetence charges with support from the Grand National Party, losing 53 seats to a total of only 9 seats in the 2004 parliamentary election. Roh Moo-hyun was later re-instated by the Constitutional Court, and served as president until the end of his term.

By June 2007, much of the party joined the Uri Party, while the New People faction merged the party with the Central Reform United New Party to form a new Democratic Party.

Political position
The Democratic Party is a political party led by Kim Dae-jung individual charisma and is generally classified as "liberalism" or "conservative liberalism". Later in 2017, South Korea's centre-right conservative politician Ha Tae-keung said of Kim Dae-jung, "He devoted his life to democracy and the market economy in Korea", adding, "He is a big adult in the conservative camp".

South Korean centrist conservative-liberal politician Sohn Hak-kyu said "the (Democratic Party of Korea's) DJ period was a complete 'centrist', but the Roh Moo-hyun government and the Moon Jae-in government were on the 'left-leaning' side". (For your information, "DJ" is an abbreviation for "Dae-jung".)

Kim Dae-jung and the Democratic Party enacted the 'Domestic Violence Prevention Act' and the 'Anti Male and Female Discrimination Act', and established the 'Ministry of Gender Equality" . Also, Kim Dae-jung himself was a feminist. On the other hand, he pursued a typical conservative economic agenda and was called a "Neoliberal Revolutionist".

Candidates
This is a list of official pre-registered candidates that declared their 2007 presidential bid.

 * Kim Yeong-hwan(김영환), former Assembly member and also former Minister of Science and Technology of the Kim Dae-jung Administration has been declared not to run its presidential primary on 31 August 2007

title: Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)


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Iowa Department of Corrections

The Iowa Department of Corrections is a state agency operating prisons in Iowa. It has its headquarters in Des Moines.

Facilities
The Iowa Department of Corrections operates nine adult facilities through the state. Iowa does not contract with private prisons.

 * Anamosa State Penitentiary - Anamosa
 * Clarinda Correctional Facility - Clarinda
 * Fort Dodge Correctional Facility - Fort Dodge
 * Iowa Correctional Institution for Women - Mitchellville
 * Iowa Medical and Classification Center - Oakdale
 * Iowa State Penitentiary - Fort Madison
 * Mount Pleasant Correctional Facility - Mount Pleasant
 * Newton Correctional Facility - unincorporated Jasper County, near Newton
 * North Central Correctional Facility - Rockwell City

Fallen officers
Since the establishment of the Iowa Department of Corrections, 14 officers have died in the line of duty.

title: Iowa Department of Corrections


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Constitutionalist Liberal Party

The Constitutionalist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) is a political party in Nicaragua. At the Nicaraguan general election of 5 November 2006, the party won 25 of 92 seats in the National Assembly. However, the party suffered a devastating loss in the 2011 general election, losing 23 seats in the National Assembly.

History
The Constitutionalist Liberal Party is the political successor of the Democratic Party, a faction which has existed since Nicaragua became independent during the 1830s. After being defeated by the Legitimists (future members of the Conservative Party) in a civil war in the 1850s, the Democratic Party returned to power in 1893 under President José Santos Zelaya, who lost power in 1909.

Under pressure from American troops who had occupied Nicaragua, the Democrats lost power the following year, and remained out of power until 1926 when, following another revolt, they forced the Conservatives into a coalition government. Some factions of the Democratic Party, along with some factions of the Conservative Party, supported Anastasio Somoza García, who gained power in the 1930s, defeating another Democratic faction led by Augusto Sandino, who continued fighting after the 1926 coalition agreement. The Democrats and Conservatives were both marginalized by the Somoza family, who formed the Nationalist Liberal Party, and continued to be out of power when the Somozas were overthrown by the Sandinista National Liberation Front in 1979.

In 1968, Ramiro Sacasa Guerro, a relative of the Somozas and education minister, opposed Anastasio Somoza Debayle's re-election bid and formed the Constitutionalist Liberal Movement (MLC) faction within the Nationalist Liberal Party. The formation of this faction, which believed in opposing Somoza by political means instead of through armed struggle, led to Somoza dismissing Sacasa from his position. After the Sandinista victory in 1979, the MLC earned a seat on the Council of State which was founded following the end of Somoza's rule, but that seat was soon revoked following the FSLN's accusations of the MLC's lack of representation. After Sacasa's death in a car accident, the MLC became a political party in 1983, and again gained a seat in the Council of State, occupied by Public Prosecutor Julio Centeno.

The Democratic Party had by this time split into many Liberal groups, many of whom supported the United Nicaraguan Opposition which successfully opposed the Sandinistas in the 1990 elections. By the late 1990s, led by Arnoldo Alemán, most of the Democratic/Liberal groups consolidated to form the Constitutionalist Liberal Party, which was at first known as the Liberal Alliance. In 1996 Alemán won the presidential election and served as president until 2002, while the party won 42 of the 93 seats in the 1996 congressional elections, more than any other party. At the November 2001 elections, the party gained a majority in Congress, winning 47 of 92 seats. The same day, its candidate Enrique Bolaños won the presidential elections.

Though still a strong force in Nicaragua, there have been many disputes within it since 2001 which, by 2006, had caused it to lose its majority in Congress and the presidency. Bolaños broke with the PLC to form the Alliance for the Republic. José Rizo was nominated as the presidential candidate and José Antonio Alvarado was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate for the November 2006 elections. Eduardo Montealegre, another presidential candidate for the elections, was a former member of the Constitutionalist Liberal Party and formed the Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance which includes other former PLC members. Montealegre and Rizo were both defeated, as Sandinista Daniel Ortega finished far enough ahead of both of them to avoid a runoff. Rizo came in third place with 26% of the vote. The party came in second place in the congressional elections.

The party was a member of the Liberal International, but left that organization in 2005.

title: Constitutionalist Liberal Party


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Progressive Democratic Party

Progressive Democratic Party may refer to:

 * Progressive Democratic Party of Afghanistan, founded 1966
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Bangladesh), founded 2007
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Gibraltar), 2006–2013
 * Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe, founded 1991
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Kosovo), formed in 2014
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Liberia), formed in 2005
 * Progressive Democratic Party of the North, in Luxembourg, 1931–1937
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia), formed in 2002 as Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Montserrat), 1970–1987
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Paraguay), created in 2007
 * Progressive Democrats, in Ireland, 1985–2009
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Thailand), 2005–2007
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Trinidad and Tobago), 1946–1956
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Tunisia), 1983–2012
 * Progressive Democratic Party (South Carolina), in the United States, 1944–1948
 * Progressive Democratic Party (Spain), a Spanish conservative political party, founded in 1978

title: Progressive Democratic Party


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Star Wars Trading Card Game

Star Wars: The Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game produced by Wizards of the Coast (WotC). The original game was created by game designer Richard Garfield, the creator of the first modern trading card game, Magic: The Gathering. After its initial release in April 2002, the game was 'put on indefinite hold' by WotC in late 2005. The Star Wars Trading Card Game Independent Development Committee was created by a group of fans to continue development of the game. They design new cards that are available as free downloads at their website.

Gameplay
The Star Wars: TCG focuses on gaining control of in-game arenas. In this two-player game, each player controls units which battle in the arenas. The main way to win is to take control of two of the three arenas. Some cards also add new win conditions for the game.

The three arenas are Space, Ground and Character, and feature units from the Star Wars films, such as Star Destroyers, starfighters, AT-ATs, armies, and characters like Luke Skywalker, Anakin Skywalker, Padmé Amidala, Mara Jade, and Darth Vader. There is also a build zone, a draw pile (for your deck), and a discard pile. The two sides to the game are the Dark side and the Light side, representing the two sides of the Force. There are also neutral cards, which can be used by either side.

There are several types of cards. They are:
 * Units: these can control arenas and are the most plentiful card in any deck. Each unit can only be placed in a certain arena designated by color and subtype. All units have several statistics including: build cost, speed, power, health, alignment. Units must be built.
 * Space: These units have a blue border and represent the space ships throughout the Star Wars films and books.
 * Ground: These units have a green border and represent the ground forces in the Star Wars films and books.
 * Character: These units have a purple border and represent the people and aliens found throughout the Star Wars films and books.
 * Battle: These cards have special one time use effects and can only be used while your units are doing battle. They don't need to be built and some can be enhanced for an extra cost to give the user a better effect.
 * Mission: These cards are like battle cards, but must be built. Their effects differ and must be played in the build step.
 * Location: This type of card affects its arena until it is replaced with another Location card. Most location cards are colored like units and can only be placed in specific arenas. Some locations can be placed in any arena and are not colored like any normal unit.
 * Equipment:This card type represents the weapons and vehicle upgrades in the Star Wars universe. These cards have a silver border and enhance the unit they are equipped to.

Abilities
These are abilities that units have on them and are used by paying a cost (usually force). These abilities are on as long as the unit is in its arena (e.g. A unit has "Each of your other characters get +10 speed", as long as that unit is in its arena, all your characters gain 10 speed). These abilities contain a "when" or "whenever" (e.g. a unit has "When this unit is discarded draw three cards." "When this unit is discarded" is the trigger, and "draw three cards" is the ability).
 * Activated Abilities
 * Static Abilities
 * Triggered Abilities

Playing the game
This is a two-player game. The following is recommended for each player, but can be shared among friends and opponents in casual play:
 * two sixty-card decks (one Light side, one Dark side)
 * several dice (six sided)
 * a method of tracking Force points (counters, pen and paper, or a twenty sided die)
 * damage counters
 * build counters (can be the same as damage counters)

Reviews

 * Pyramid

title: Star Wars Trading Card Game


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Neumarkt (district)

Neumarkt is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Nürnberger Land, Amberg-Sulzbach, Schwandorf, Regensburg, Kelheim, Eichstätt and Roth.

History
In early medieval times the region was ruled by the counts of Wolfstein, while the city of Neumarkt was directly subordinate to the emperor and hence independent from the Wolfstein family. In the 14th century, the counts of Wolfstein, as well as the city of Neumarkt, became subordinate to the Electorate of the Palatinate, and in 1628 to Bavaria.

Below is an outline of the history of Neumarkt, from its founding in the 12th century to its destruction in World War II. The town's development can be divided into 5 periods:

The beginnings of Neumarkt: The "new market" is founded on an important long-distance trade route. Neumarkt falls under the rule of the Wittelsbach dynasty and is allotted to the Palatinate on the Rhine with the partitioning of the territory in 1329.

Neumarkt as seat of the Palatinate Counts: In the 15th century, Neumarkt become the seat of collateral lines of the Palatinate Counts. Count Palatine Frederick II transferred his residence from Amberg to Neumarkt and had constructed a palace.

The Reformation in Neumarkt: Neumarkt converts to the Lutheran faith. The introduction of Calvinism causes disturbance.

The rise of industry in Neumarkt: Reflecting the general development in Bavaria, the transition of Neumarkt from a country town to an industrial center during the 19th century proceeds rather slowly and in small steps.

The destruction of Neumarkt in World War II: On 23 February and 11 April 1945, Neumarkt is heavily bombed. The resistance of the SS results in the destruction of the town.

The district in its present shape was established in 1972, when the city of Neumarkt lost its status as an urban district and was incorporated into the district.

Geography
The district is located in the mountains of the Franconian Jura. The southern parts are occupied by the Altmühl Valley Nature Park.

Nature reserves

 * Deusmauer Moor
 * Albtrauf bei Pollanten
 * Weiße Laaber bei Waltersberg
 * Neumarkter Sanddünen
 * Tal der Weißen Laaber bei Deining
 * Vogelfreistätte Schwarzachwiesen bei Freystadt
 * Wolfsberg bei Dietfurt

Coat of arms
The coat of arms displays three lions. The yellow lion was the heraldic animal of the Electorate of the Palatinate. The red lions were the arms of the Wolfstein dynasty.

title: Neumarkt (district)


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The Nightmare Before Christmas

The Nightmare Before Christmas (also known as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American stop-motion animated musical fantasy film directed by Henry Selick in his feature directorial debut and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, the King of "Halloween Town", who stumbles upon "Christmas Town" and schemes to take over the holiday. Danny Elfman wrote the songs and score and provided the singing voice of Jack. The principal voice cast includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens, Glenn Shadix and Ed Ivory.

The Nightmare Before Christmas originated from a poem written by Burton in 1982 while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney Productions. With the critical success of Vincent that same year, Burton began to consider developing the film as either a short film or a half-hour television special, to no avail. Over the years, Burton's thoughts regularly returned to the project, and, in 1990, he made a development deal with Walt Disney Studios. Production started in July 1991 in San Francisco; Disney initially released the film through the Touchstone Pictures label because the studio believed the film would be "too dark and scary for kids".

The Nightmare Before Christmas premiered at the New York Film Festival on October 9, 1993, and was given a limited release on October 13, before its wide theatrical release on October 29. The film was met with commercial and critical success upon release, earning praise for its animation, particularly the innovation of stop-motion as an art form, as well as its characters, songs, and score. While initially a modest box office hit, it has since garnered a large cult following and is widely regarded as one of the greatest animated films of all time. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, a first for an animated film, but lost to Jurassic Park. The film has been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3-D from 2006 until 2010.

In 2023, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant."

Plot
Halloween Town is a fantasy world populated by various monsters and supernatural beings associated with the holiday. Jack Skellington, the well-respected "Pumpkin King," leads the town in organizing the annual Halloween celebrations. Unbeknownst to his subjects however, he has grown tired of the same annual routine this year and wants something new. Wandering in the woods the next morning, he discovers several trees containing doors, which lead to other holiday-themed worlds (Christmas, Easter, Thanksgiving, Independence Day, Valentine's Day and Saint Patrick's Day). Stumbling through the one leading to Christmas Town and awed by the unfamiliar holiday, Jack develops an obsession for it.

Jack returns home to share his discovery with his friends and neighbors. They relate to Christmas Town's ruler, Santa Claus, or "Sandy Claws" as Jack mistakingly knows him as, but are unfamiliar with the concept of Christmas and conflate its customs with the Halloween traditions that they are used to. Frustrated, Jack isolates himself in his house and studies Christmas further, intent upon finding a way to rationally explain it. When days of study and experimentation accomplish nothing, however, Jack abandons his attempts to understand Christmas and decides to "improve" the holiday instead.

Jack announces that Halloween Town will take over Christmas this year and assigns Christmas-themed jobs, such as singing carols, making presents and building a sleigh pulled by skeletal reindeer, to various residents. Sally, the feminine creation of local mad scientist Doctor Finkelstein, experiences a vision detailing that their efforts will end disastrously. Jack, whom she secretly loves, dismisses her warnings and instructs her to make a Santa Claus suit for him. He also tasks mischievous trick-or-treating trio Lock, Shock and Barrel with abducting Santa; however, he orders them not to involve his long-time rival and their superior, Oogie Boogie, a bogeyman with a passion for gambling, in their plot.

When Lock, Shock and Barrel bring Santa to Halloween Town, Jack tells Santa that he will take care of Christmas this year and orders the trio to keep Santa safe. However, they disobey Jack's orders and bring Santa to Oogie, who plots to play a game with Santa's life at stake. Meanwhile, despite her best efforts, Sally is unable to stop Jack from proceeding with his plan. As Jack departs to deliver presents in the real world, she attempts to rescue Santa from Oogie, only to be captured herself.

Unbeknownst to Jack at first, his presents terrify the real world's populace, who contact the local authorities and are instructed by them to lock down their homes and residences for protection. When word spreads about Jack's presumed wrongdoings, the military is alerted and Jack is shot down by them, causing him to crash into a nearby cemetery. While the residents of Halloween Town believe that he is dead, Jack actually survived the ordeal. Bemoaning the disaster that he has caused, he realizes that he enjoyed the experience nonetheless, reigniting his love for Halloween, but must act fast to set things right.

Upon returning home, Jack rescues Santa and Sally, then confronts Oogie and defeats him by unraveling a thread holding his cloth form together, causing all of the bugs inside Oogie to spill out and reduce him to nothing. Jack then apologizes to Santa, who scolds him for the trouble he caused, as well as ignoring Sally's warnings. As Santa departs, however, both he and Sally assure Jack that Christmas can still be saved.

Santa resumes his yearly duties as he replaces Jack's presents with genuine ones, while all of Halloween Town celebrates Jack's survival and return. To assure Jack that there are no hard feelings between them, Santa brings a snowfall to the town, thereby bringing the Christmas spirit upon it and, in a way, fulfilling Jack's original dream. The citizens finally realize the true meaning of Christmas, while Jack and Sally declare their love for each other.

Voice cast

 * Chris Sarandon (speaking voice) and Danny Elfman (singing voice) as Jack Skellington, a skeleton known as the "Pumpkin King" of Halloween Town. Elfman was initially cast as Jack's singing voice and, after the songs were recorded, Sarandon was cast to match Elfman's voice style.
 * Elfman also voices:
 * Barrel, one of the trick-or-treaters working for Oogie Boogie.
 * The Clown with the Tear-Away Face, a self-described clown who rides a unicycle.
 * Catherine O'Hara as Sally, a rag doll/Frankenstein's monster-like creation of Finkelstein and Jack's love interest. She is a toxicologist who uses various types of poison to liberate herself from the captivity of her "father." She is also psychic and has premonitions when anything bad is about to happen. O'Hara had previously co-starred in Burton's Beetlejuice.
 * O'Hara also voices Shock, one of the trick-or-treaters working for Oogie Boogie.
 * William Hickey as Doctor Finkelstein, a mad scientist and the loving but overbearing "father" of Sally. He is listed in the credits only as "Evil Scientist" and is only mentioned by name twice in the film.
 * Glenn Shadix as the Mayor of Halloween Town, an enthusiastic leader who conducts town meetings. His head spins between a "happy" and "sad" face, mirroring his wild mood swings; where some career politicians are described as figuratively two-faced, the mayor is literally so. Shadix and Burton had previously worked on Beetlejuice.
 * Ken Page as Oogie Boogie, a villainous bogeyman in Halloween Town, who has a passion for gambling and rivalry with Jack.
 * Ed Ivory as Santa Claus, the ruler of Christmas Town. Santa is responsible for the annual celebration of Christmas, in which he delivers presents to children in the real world. He is also referred to by Jack and Halloween Town's residents as "Sandy Claws." Ivory also provides the brief narration at the start of the film.
 * Joe Ranft as Igor, one of Dr Finkelstein's creations and his lab assistant.
 * Paul Reubens as Lock, one of the trick-or-treaters working for Oogie Boogie. Reubens and Burton had previously worked on Pee-wee's Big Adventure and Batman Returns.

The cast also features Kerry Katz, Carmen Twillie, Randy Crenshaw, Lisa Donovan Lukas, Debi Durst, Glenn Walters, Sherwood Ball, John Morris and Greg Proops voicing various characters. Patrick Stewart recorded narration for a prologue and epilogue. While not used in the final film, the narration is included on the soundtrack album.

Development
As writer Burton's upbringing in Burbank, California, was associated with the feeling of solitude, the filmmaker was largely fascinated by holidays during his childhood. "Anytime there was Christmas or Halloween, […] it was great. It gave you some sort of texture all of a sudden that wasn't there before," Burton would later recall. After completing his short film Vincent in 1982, Burton, who was then employed at Walt Disney Feature Animation, wrote a three-page poem titled The Nightmare Before Christmas, drawing inspiration from television specials of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, How the Grinch Stole Christmas! and the poem A Visit from St. Nicholas. Burton intended to adapt the poem into a television special with the narration spoken by his favorite actor, Vincent Price, but also considered other options such as a children's book. He created concept art and storyboards for the project in collaboration with Rick Heinrichs, who also sculpted character models; Burton later showed his and Heinrichs' works-in-progress to Henry Selick, also a Disney animator at the time. After the success of Vincent in 1982, Disney started to consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30-minute holiday television special. However, the project's development eventually stalled, as its tone seemed "too weird" to the company. As Disney was unable to "offer his nocturnal loners enough scope", Burton was fired from the studio in 1984 and went on to direct the commercially successful films Beetlejuice (1988) and Batman (1989) for Warner Bros. Pictures.

Over the years, Burton regularly thought about the project. In 1990, Burton found out that Disney still owned the film rights. He and Selick committed to produce a full-length film with the latter as director. Burton's own success with live-action films piqued the interest of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, who saw the film as an opportunity to continue the studio's streak of recent successes in feature animation. Disney was looking forward to Nightmare "to show capabilities of technical and storytelling achievements that were present in Who Framed Roger Rabbit." Walt Disney Pictures president David Hoberman believed the film would prove to be a creative achievement for Disney's image, elaborating "we can think outside the envelope. We can do different and unusual things."

Nightmare marked Burton's third consecutive film with a Christmas setting. Burton could not direct because of his commitment to Batman Returns, and he did not want to be involved with "the painstakingly slow process of stop motion". To adapt his poem into a screenplay, Burton approached Michael McDowell, his collaborator on Beetlejuice. McDowell and Burton experienced creative differences, which convinced Burton to make the film as a musical with lyrics and compositions by frequent collaborator Danny Elfman. Elfman and Burton created a rough storyline and two-thirds of the film's songs. Elfman found writing Nightmare's eleven songs to be "one of the easiest jobs I've ever had. I had a lot in common with Jack Skellington." Caroline Thompson had yet to be hired to write the screenplay. With Thompson's screenplay, Selick stated, "there are very few lines of dialogue that are Caroline's. She became busy on other films and we were constantly rewriting, re-configuring and developing the film visually."

Filming
Selick and his team of animators began production in July 1991 in San Francisco, California, with a crew of over 120 workers, utilizing 20 sound stages for filming. Joe Ranft was hired from Disney as a storyboard supervisor, while Eric Leighton was hired to supervise animation. At the peak of production, 20 individual stages were simultaneously being used for filming. In total, there were 109,440 frames taken for the film. The work of Ray Harryhausen, Ladislas Starevich, Edward Gorey, Étienne Delessert, Gahan Wilson, Charles Addams, Jan Lenica, Francis Bacon, and Wassily Kandinsky influenced the filmmakers. Selick described the production design as akin to a pop-up book. In addition, Selick stated, "When we reach Halloween Town, it's entirely German Expressionism. When Jack enters Christmas Town, it's an outrageous Dr. Seuss-esque setpiece. Finally, when Jack is delivering presents in the 'Real World', everything is plain, simple and perfectly aligned." Vincent Price, Don Ameche, and James Earl Jones were considered to provide the narration for the film's prologue; however, all proved difficult to cast, and the producers instead hired local voice artist Ed Ivory. Patrick Stewart provided the prologue narration for the film's soundtrack.

On the direction of the film, Selick reflected, "It's as though [Burton] laid the egg, and I sat on it and hatched it. He wasn't involved in a hands-on way, but his hand is in it. It was my job to make it look like 'a Tim Burton film', which is not so different from my own films." When asked about Burton's involvement, Selick claimed, "I don't want to take away from Tim, but he was not in San Francisco when we made it. He came up five times over two years, and spent no more than eight or ten days in total." Walt Disney Feature Animation contributed with digital effects and some second-layering traditional animation. Burton found production somewhat difficult, because he was simultaneously filming Batman Returns and pre-production of Ed Wood.

The filmmakers constructed 227 puppets to represent the characters in the movie, with Jack Skellington having "around four hundred heads", allowing the expression of every possible emotion. Sally's mouth movements "were animated through the replacement method. During the animation process, […] only Sally's face 'mask' was removed in order to preserve the order of her long, red hair. Sally had ten types of faces, each made with a series of eleven expressions (e.g. eyes open and closed, and various facial poses) and synchronized mouth movements." The stop-motion figurine of Jack was reused in James and the Giant Peach (also directed by Selick) as Captain Jack.

Soundtracks
The film's soundtrack album was released in 1993 on Walt Disney Records. The film's soundtrack contains bonus tracks, including a longer prologue and an extra epilogue, both narrated by Sir Patrick Stewart. For the film's 2006 re-release in Disney Digital 3-D, a special edition of the soundtrack was released, featuring a bonus disc that contained covers of five of the film's songs by Fall Out Boy, Panic! at the Disco, Marilyn Manson, Fiona Apple, and She Wants Revenge. Four original demo tracks by Elfman were also included. On September 30, 2008, Disney released the cover album Nightmare Revisited, featuring artists such as Amy Lee, Flyleaf, Korn, Rise Against, Plain White T's, The All-American Rejects, and many more.

American gothic rock band London After Midnight featured a cover of "Sally's Song" on their 1998 album Oddities.

LiLi Roquelin performed a French cover of "Sally's Song" on her album Will you hate the rest of the world or will you renew your life? in 2010.

Pentatonix released a cover of "Making Christmas" for their 2018 Christmas album Christmas Is Here!.

In 2003, the Disneyland Haunted Mansion Holiday soundtrack CD was released. Although most of the album's songs are not original ones from the film, one song is a medley of "Making Christmas", "What's This?", and "Kidnap the Sandy Claws". Other songs included are original holiday songs changed to incorporate the theme of the film. However, the last song is the soundtrack for the Disneyland Haunted Mansion Holiday ride.

Release
The Nightmare Before Christmas was originally going to be released under Walt Disney Pictures as part of the Walt Disney Feature Animation lineup, but Disney decided to release the film under the studio's adult-oriented Touchstone Pictures banner, because the studio thought the film would be "too dark and scary for kids," Selick remembered. "Their biggest fear, and why it was kind of a stepchild project, [was] they were afraid of their core audience hating the film and not coming." To convey Burton's involvement and attract a wider audience, Disney marketed the film as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas. Burton explained that, "…it turned more into more of a brand-name thing, it turned into something else, which I'm not quite sure about." The film made its world premiere on the opening day celebration of the New York Film Festival on October 9, 1993, and was given a limited release on October 13, 1993, before its wide theatrical release on October 29, 1993.

The Nightmare Before Christmas was reissued under the Walt Disney Pictures label and re-released on October 20, 2006, with conversion to Disney Digital 3-D, and was accompanied by Pixar's short film Knick Knack. Industrial Light & Magic assisted in the process. The film subsequently received three re-releases on October 19, 2007, October 24, 2008, and October 23, 2009. The El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, has been showing the film in 4-D screenings annually in October, ending on Halloween, since 2010. The reissues have led to a reemergence of 3-D films and advances in RealD Cinema.

In October 2020, The Nightmare Before Christmas was re-released in 2,194 theaters. It made $1.323 million over the weekend, finishing fourth behind Tenet. For the film's 30th anniversary and in commemoration of The Walt Disney Company's centennial, it was re-released in theaters across the United States and Canada on October 20, 2023, including engagements in 4DX.

Home media
With years of successful home video sales, The Nightmare Before Christmas later achieved the ranks of a cult film. Touchstone Home Video first released the film on VHS on September 30, 1994, and on DVD on December 2, 1997. The Nightmare Before Christmas was released on DVD a second time on October 3, 2000, as a special edition. The release included an audio commentary by Selick and cinematographer Pete Kozachik, a 28-minute making-of documentary, a gallery of concept art, storyboards, test footage and deleted scenes. Burton's Vincent and Frankenweenie were also included. Both DVDs were non-anamorphic widescreen releases. The film was released on UMD for PlayStation Portable on October 25, 2005.

Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on DVD again (this time with an anamorphic transfer) and on Blu-ray Disc (for the first time) on August 26, 2008, as a two-disc digitally remastered "collector's edition", but still containing the same special features.

Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released The Nightmare Before Christmas on Blu-ray 3D on August 30, 2011. The release included a Blu-ray 3D disc, Blu-ray disc and a DVD that includes both a DVD and digital copy of the film.

In 2018, Disney issued a singalong version of the film, accompanied by the theatrical cut and a Movies Anywhere copy, as a single-disc version for the film's 25th anniversary. The singalong version was also released on Disney+ on September 30, 2022.

In celebration of 30th anniversary, the film was remastered in 4K and was released on 4K Blu-ray, including extra content, on August 22, 2023.

Marketing
Disney has extensively marketed the film and its characters across many forms of media and memorabilia, including action figures, books, games, art crafts, and fashion products. Jack Skellington, Sally, Pajama Jack, and the Mayor have been made into bendable figures, while Jack and Sally even appear in fine art. Sally has been made into an action figure and a Halloween costume.

Various Disneyland and the branching theme parks host attractions featuring Nightmare characters, particularly during Halloween and Christmas seasons. Since 2001, Disneyland has given its Haunted Mansion Holiday attraction a Nightmare Before Christmas theme for the holiday season. It features characters, decorations and music from the film, in addition to Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party and Mickey's Halloween Party featuring the film's characters. Additionally, Jack hosts the Halloween Screams, HalloWishes, and Not So Spooky Spectacular! fireworks shows at Magic Kingdom (where the host is Ghost Host) and Disneyland (where the host is Jack himself), as well as the Frightfully Fun Parade.

Box office
Around the release of the film, Hoberman was quoted, "I hope Nightmare goes out and makes a fortune. If it does, great. If it doesn't, that doesn't negate the validity of the process. The budget was less than any Disney blockbuster so it doesn't have to earn Aladdin-sized grosses to satisfy us." The film earned $50 million in the United States in its initial theatrical run and was regarded as a moderate sleeper hit.

The Nightmare Before Christmas made an additional $11.1 million in box office gross in its 2006 reissue. The 2007, 2008, 2009, 2020, and 2023 reissues earned $15.8 million, $2.5 million, $2.3 million, and $10 million, respectively, increasing the film's total box office gross to $101.7 million.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 95% based on 106 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "The Nightmare Before Christmas is a stunningly original and visually delightful work of stop-motion animation." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert praised the film's visual inventiveness: "One of the many pleasures of Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas is that there is not a single recognizable landscape in it. Everything looks strange and haunting. Even Santa Claus would be difficult to recognize without his red-and-white uniform." He wrote that it presented a world "that is as completely new as the worlds we saw for the first time in such films as Metropolis, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Star Wars. What all of these films have in common is a visual richness, so abundant they deserve more than one viewing." He wrote that "The songs by Danny Elfman are fun too, a couple of them using lyrics so clever they could be updated from Gilbert & Sullivan. And the choreography, liberated from gravity and reality, has an energy of its own, as when the furniture, the architecture, and the very landscape itself gets in on the act." He notes that "some of the Halloween creatures might be a tad scary for smaller children, but this is the kind of movie older kids will eat up; it has the kind of offbeat, subversive energy that tells them wonderful things are likely to happen."

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called it a restoration of "originality and daring to the Halloween genre. This dazzling mix of fun and fright also explodes the notion that animation is kid stuff. … It's 74 minutes of timeless movie magic." James Berardinelli stated "The Nightmare Before Christmas has something to offer just about everyone. For the kids, it's a fantasy celebrating two holidays. For the adults, it's an opportunity to experience some light entertainment while marveling at how adept Hollywood has become at these techniques. There are songs, laughs, and a little romance. In short, The Nightmare Before Christmas does what it intends to: entertain." Desson Thomson of The Washington Post enjoyed the film's similarities to the writings of Oscar Wilde and the Brothers Grimm, as well as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and other German Expressionist films.

Michael A. Morrison discusses the influence of Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! on the film, writing that Jack parallels the Grinch and Zero parallels Max, the Grinch's dog. Philip Nel writes that the film "challenges the wisdom of adults through its trickster characters", contrasting Jack as a "good trickster" with Oogie Boogie, whom he also compares with Seuss' Dr. Terwilliker as a bad trickster. Entertainment Weekly reports that fan reception of these characters borders on obsession, profiling Laurie and Myk Rudnick, a couple whose "degree of obsession with [the] film is so great that … they named their son after the real-life person that a character in the film is based on." This enthusiasm for the characters has also been profiled as having spread beyond North America to Japan. Yvonne Tasker notes "the complex characterization seen in The Nightmare Before Christmas".

Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Nightmare won the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film, while Elfman won Best Music. Selick and the animators were also nominated for their work. Elfman was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. Most recently, the film ranked #1 on Rotten Tomatoes' "Top 25 Best Christmas Movies" list.

AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated

Legacy
Blink 182's 2003 song "I Miss You" makes reference to the film.

The third and fourth episodes of the fifth season of Fargo feature a group of characters that wear masks depicting characters from the movie, including Jack Skellington.

Possible sequel
In 2003, Disney began to consider producing a sequel, but rather than using stop motion, they wanted to use computer animation. Burton convinced Disney to drop the idea. "I was always very protective of [The Nightmare Before Christmas], not to do sequels or things of that kind," Burton explained. "You know, Jack visits Thanksgiving world or other kinds of things just because I felt the movie had a purity to it and the people that like it, because it's a mass-market kind of thing, it was important to kind of keep that purity of it." The 2004 video game The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge did serve as a sequel of the film, with Capcom's crew of developers going after Burton for advice and having the collaboration of the film's art director, Deane Taylor. In 2009, Selick said he would do a film sequel if he and Burton could create a good story for it.

In February 2019, it was reported that a new Nightmare Before Christmas film was in the works with Disney considering either a stop-motion sequel or live-action remake. In October 2019, Chris Sarandon expressed interest on reprising his role as Jack Skellington if a sequel film ever materializes.

On February 22, 2021, it was announced by Disney Publishing that a sequel was given to the 1993 film in the form of a young adult novel, released as Long Live the Pumpkin Queen. It was written by Shea Ernshaw and features Sally as the main character, told through her point-of-view, with events taking place after the film. The book was released on August 2, 2022.

In October 2023, Selick stated that he would like to do a prequel film about how Jack became king of Halloween Town. The following month, however, Burton said that he did not want to see any further projects in that universe.

Toys and games
A collectible card game based on the film called The Nightmare Before Christmas TCG was released in 2005 by NECA. The game was designed by Quixotic Games founder Andrew Parks and Zev Shlasinger. It consists of a Premiere set and 4 Starter Decks based on four characters, Jack Skellington, the Mayor, Oogie Boogie, and Doctor Finkelstein. Each Starter Deck contains a rule book, a Pumpkin King card, a Pumpkin Points card, and a 48-card deck. The game has four card types: Characters, Locales, Creations, and Surprises. The Cards' rarities are separated into four categories: Common, Uncommon, Rare, Ultra Rare.

Quixotic Games also developed The Nightmare Before Christmas Party Game that was released in 2007 by NECA.

A collector's edition The Nightmare Before Christmas-themed Jenga game was issued with orange, purple and black blocks with Jack Skellington heads on them. The set comes in a coffin-shaped box instead of the normal rectangular box.

A 168-card Munchkin Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas-themed Munchkin was developed by USAopoly featuring the citizens of Halloween Town such as Jack Skellington, Oogie Boogie, Doctor Finkelstein, and Lock, Shock and Barrel. The game comes with a custom die similar to the ones used by Oogie Boogie in the film.

On September 15, 2020, a Nightmare Before Christmas-themed tarot card deck and guidebook was released and the illustration was done by Abigail Larson. On October 27, 2023, Disney partnered with Mattel to produce a Jack and Sally doll under their Monster High toyline.

Books, comics, and manga
In 1993, a pop-up book based on the film was released on October 1. Another pop-up book calendar titled Nightmare Before Christmas Pop-Up Book and Advent Calendar was released September 29, 2020. Jack is the titular character in the short story "Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas: Jack's Story". Disney Press released a Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas Party Cookbook: Recipes and Crafts for the Perfect Spooky Party on August 21, 2017. A behind-the-scenes art book titled Tim Burton's Nightmare Before Christmas: The Film, the Art, the Vision was released on October 14, 1993, and a Disney Editions Deluxe edition was published July 28, 2009.

In 2006, a picture book containing the poem Tim Burton wrote that originated the film was released on August 15. In celebration of the film's 20th anniversary, the poem was re-released with a hardcover edition in 2013. On July 20, 2009, an illustrated book covering a rendition of "The Twelve Days of Christmas" song titled Nightmare Before Christmas: The 13 Days of Christmas was published. In celebration of the film's 25th anniversary, a book and CD, featuring narration and sound effects, was released on July 3, 2018.

In honor of the film's 25th anniversary, a Cinestory Comic made by Disney and published by Joe Books LTD was released on September 26, 2017. A graphic novel retelling of the film by Joe Books LTD was released on July 31, 2018, and digital and hardcover versions were released August 25, 2020. On November 26, 2020, a novel retelling of the film version was released as part of the Disney Animated Classics series. In 2021, another version of Nightmare Before Christmas 13 Days of Christmas came out on July 6 and was soon followed by Little Golden Books's release of their adaptation of Nightmare Before Christmas on July 13, 2021.

In 2017, Tokyopop secured exclusive licensing for two manga adaptions for Nightmare Before Christmas, with the first manga being an adaptation of the film's plot line, with art by Jun Asuka, released October 17. The second manga, a fully colored series illustrated by Kei Ishiyama and titled Zero's Journey, chronicles the adventures of Jack's dog, Zero, in his experiences beginning in Christmas Town after accidentally getting separated from Jack, who tries to find him, and acts as a sequel to the film, with Tim Burton's story approval. The 20 issues were first published monthly, starting on October 2, and then collected into four full-color graphic novels, with a black-and-white collector's edition manga edition as well. Starting on July 21, 2021, Tokyopop released another sequel manga centered around Sally, titled The Nightmare Before Christmas: Mirror Moon, written by Mallory Reaves and fully-colored series illustrated by Gabriella Chianello, and Nataliya Torretta. The first two issues will be collected into a graphic novel that is slated to be released on October 26.

A novelization of the film written by Daphne Skinner was published on January 1, 1994. On August 2, 2022, a young adult novel titled Long Live the Pumpkin Queen by Shea Ernshaw was released. With Sally as the protagonist, with the premise described as "...takes place shortly after the movie ends. It's the yet-to-be-told love story of Sally and Jack. But it's also a coming-of-age story for Sally, as we see her navigate her new royal title as the Pumpkin Queen of Halloween Town". The novel introduced new characters and explored Sally's past, as well as exploring other holiday worlds as Sally and Jack tackle a mysterious villain Sally has accidentally unleashed. On November 1, 2022, Tokyopop announced a full-colored graphic novel series titled Disney Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas: The Battle for Pumpkin King, which centers around the friendship and rivalry between a young Jack Skellington and Oogie Boogie. The graphic novel consisted of five issues, starting with the first release in May 2023, and the full graphic novel edition is available in September 2023.

A novelization for The Nightmare Before Christmas, written by Megan Shepherd was released on July 4, 2023, to celebrate the 30th anniversary. On July 20, 2023, Shepherd also revealed that she will be writing a sequel to Ernshaw's Pumpkin Queen book and is expected to be released in 2024.

On July 19, 2023, Disney announced that it is partnering with Dynamite Entertainment to publish new comics based on the film, with the first project being written by Torunn Grønbekk.

On August 22, 2023, Epic Ink published a cultural book titled "Disney Tim Burton’s The Nightmare Before Christmas Beyond Halloween Town: The Story, the Characters, and the Legacy'" by writer Emily Zemler.

Video games
The Nightmare Before Christmas has inspired video game spin-offs, including Oogie's Revenge and The Pumpkin King.

The Kingdom Hearts series includes Halloween Town as a world, appearing in the titles Kingdom Hearts, Chain of Memories, Kingdom Hearts II, and 358/2 Days, with Christmas Town also as a major area in Kingdom Hearts II. Jack Skellington appears as a party member of the protagonist, Sora, while other important characters from the film appear as supporting characters in the world. The games adapt parts of the plot of The Nightmare Before Christmas.

A Jack Skellington figurine is available for the Disney Infinity video game, allowing the character to be playable in the game's "Toy Box Mode". The main characters of the film (except Santa Claus) appear as playable characters in the video game Disney Magic Kingdoms, as well as in some attractions based on locations of the film, in new storylines in which the characters are involved. Jack and Oogie Boogie are featured as playable units in many Disney-related mobile games, such as Disney Heroes: Battle Mode, Disney Sorcerer's Arena, and Disney Mirrorverse.

In December 2021, a collaboration between Disney and Fall Guys released a seasonal challenge themed after The Nightmare Before Christmas, which was available from December 16 through December 27.

In September 2023, Disney Dreamlight Valley released a patch update featuring furniture, clothing and motifs inspired by the film.

In October 2023, Fortnite collaborated with Disney to make the Jack Skellington costume and other The Nightmare Before Christmas-themed cosmetics for the Fortnitemares 2023 event.

Rocket League released The Nightmare Before Christmas-themed cosmetics and items for their Haunted Hallows Event from October 18 to November 1, 2023.

Concerts
A live concert, produced by Disney Concerts, was held at the Hollywood Bowl in October 2015 and was followed by subsequent performances in 2016 and 2018. The shows featured Elfman, O'Hara, and Page reprising their roles from the film. In December 2019, this show came to Europe, with dates in Edinburgh, Glasgow, London and Dublin.

A one-night-only virtual benefit concert presentation of the film, presented by The Actors Fund and produced by James Monroe Iglehart with the cooperation of Burton, Elfman, Disney and Actors' Equity Association, streamed on October 31, 2020. 100% of the proceeds will benefit the Lymphoma Research Foundation, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the performing arts. The cast included Iglehart as Oogie Boogie, along with Rafael Casal as Jack Skellington, Adrienne Warren as Sally, Danny Burstein as Santa Claus and the Narrator, Nik Walker as Lock, Lesli Margherita as Shock and Rob McClure as Barrel. Rounding out the cast were Kathryn Allison, Jenni Barber, Erin Elizabeth Clemons, Fergie L. Phillipe, Jawan M. Jackson and Brian Gonzalez.

In October 2021, Disney hosted a live-to-film concert of Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas for two nights at LA's Banc of California Stadium on October 29 and 31. The show featured Billie Eilish singing as Sally and Danny Elfman reprising his role as Jack. Ken Page reprised the role of Oogie Boogie, while "Weird Al" Yankovic sang as Shock. The concert included a full orchestra led by acclaimed conductor John Mauceri to perform the film's score and songs live.

In October 2021, Disney announced that they were hosting another live-to-film concert at the OVO Arena Wembley in London on December 9 and 10, 2022. The show featured Elfman and Page reprising their respective roles, while John Mauceri returned as conductor alongside the BBC Concert Orchestra. Acclaimed singer and songwriter Phoebe Bridgers took on the role of Sally.

In October 2023, Disney hosted another concert from October 27–29 at the Hollywood Bowl. Elfman, Page, Catherine O'Hara, and other guest stars are set to appear, including Halsey, who is sharing the role of Sally with O'Hara. However, days before the concert, Halsey dropped out from her role due to a "scheduling conflict". The 2023 concert series was dedicated to Paul Reubens, the original voice of Lock, who died in July that year.

Other media
Disney Interactive Studios released an As Told by Emoji animated adaptation of The Nightmare Before Christmas in 2016, which can be found on their official YouTube channel.

In 2019, a behind-the-scenes podcast series about The Nightmare Before Christmas was made, featuring the animators, producers and other crew discussing the making of the movie, totaling 38 episodes.

title: The Nightmare Before Christmas


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User:Gestumblindi

I'm active mainly in the German-language Wikipedia, see de:Benutzer:Gestumblindi.

title: User:Gestumblindi


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Illinois Department of Corrections

The Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) is the code department of the Illinois state government that operates the adult state prison system. The IDOC is led by a director appointed by the Governor of Illinois, and its headquarters are in Springfield.

The IDOC was established in 1970, combining the state's prisons, juvenile centers, and parole services. The juvenile corrections system was split off into the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice on July 1, 2006.

Facilities
Crossroads and North Lawndale Adult Transition Centers are operated by the Safer Foundation.

Closed prisons

 * Alton Military Prison: open 1833 through 1857, replaced by Joliet; operated as a military prison during the Civil War
 * Decatur Adult Transition Center; closed 2012
 * Dwight Correctional Center: closed in 2013; maximum security
 * Hardin County Work Camp; closed 2015; low minimum
 * Jesse 'Ma' Houston Adult Transition Center: closed 2011; transitional facility
 * Joliet Prison: closed in 2002; 2.5 mi south of Stateville Correctional Center
 * Kankakee Minimum-Security Unit; low minimum, closed 2010
 * Southern Illinois Adult Transition Center; closed 2012
 * Tamms Correctional Center: closed in 2013; maximum security
 * Tamms Minimum Security Unit: low minimum
 * Thomson Correctional Center, a maximum security facility built in 2001 near Thomson, Illinois, was sold by the state to the federal government in 2012, and was subsequently renamed the Administrative United States Penitentiary, Thomson (AUSP Thomson). In January 2019, the prison facility was fully activated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. In March 2020, the prison facility was renamed the United States Penitentiary, Thomson (USP Thomson).

Security levels
The Illinois Department of Corrections uses a three level security designation system that encompasses three points of data. The initial classification is performed at one of the reception facilities located throughout the state. Classification reviews are performed periodically on offenders at their assigned facilities. The primary points of data are security level, offender grade, and escape level. Within each security level there are additional specifics that separate each security level into additional levels.

Security Levels: 1 – Maximum, 2 – Medium, 3 – Minimum, P – Pending (Reception/Classification Status)

Offender Grades: A, B, C

Escape Level: (L)ow, (M)oderate, (H)igh, (E)xtremely High, (P)ending (Reception/Classification Status)

The offender classification is designated in the example below:

2 (Security Level); A (Offender Grade); L (Escape Risk Level)

Within the Medium and Minimum security levels there are multiple levels of security as shown in the list of facilities above. There are several factors which determine the level of security at a facility level. A table below will highlight some of the most important distinctions. An offender can be housed at a facility one level lower than his current security classification for a limited period of time if located in the Segregation Unit while a transfer is pending after reclassification.

Offender grades are part of the discipline system utilized within the facilities. Offenders are initially assigned to A grade and afforded all privileges. B grade is a transitional grade for offenders moving back to A grade after demotion to C grade. C grade restricts telephone usage, commissary purchases to cosmetic/legal items, and prohibits many work and school assignments.

The escape risk system utilizes a metric to indicate the likelihood that an offender would attempt escape. Several factors are used to determine this metric including but not limited to crime of conviction, criminal history, history of escape attempts, and outstanding warrants. An oddity within the Moderate Escape Risk designation should be noted. This escape level is used for two completely different purposes. In one case this level is assigned to offenders who would otherwise be a low risk when placed in a higher security facility. For example, Dixon Correctional Center houses the majority of offenders with serious health problems. Offenders serving long sentences who are moved to this Level 3 facility will usually be assigned the moderate escape risk level as part of the reclassification performed to assign an offender with medical problems to this facility where they would otherwise remain at Level 1/2. The other use for this escape level is where an offender has an outstanding warrant or has absconded from parole or work release during the last 24 months. Offender identification cards indicate the escape level by utilizing a color coded background. Low escape risks have a white background, moderate escape risks have a blue background, high escape risks have a red background, and extremely high escape risks have a green background. Additionally, extremely high escape risks wear a green shirt and have a green stripe down their pant legs.

Offenders with special security clearances, such as outside clearance, special assignment clearances, or multi-level facility indicators (SMC for example at Dixon) will have data on the back of their offender identification cards.

Death row
Illinois had the death penalty until it was abolished in 2011. Illinois's last execution was Andrew Kokoraleis, on March 17, 1999.

Pontiac Correctional Center housed the male death row, while Dwight Correctional Center housed the female death row. Prior to the January 11, 2003 commutation of death row sentences, male death row offenders were housed at Pontiac, Menard, and Tamms correctional centers. The execution chamber was located at Tamms Correctional Center. Previously, inmates had been executed at Stateville Correctional Center. In March 1998, the site of executions was moved from Stateville Correctional Center to Tamms Correctional Center in Tamms, Illinois.

title: Illinois Department of Corrections


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St Michael (brand)

St Michael was a brand owned and used by British retailer Marks & Spencer between 1927 and 2000.

History
In 1875, the firm of N. Corah and Sons of Leicester registered the St Margaret brand for their hosiery products. The name originated because their factory, which became one of the largest hosiery factories in Europe, was in the parish of St Margaret in Leicester. In 1926, Corahs entered into an agreement to supply Marks & Spencer directly rather than through a wholesaler, and this had the potential to bring them into conflict with the Wholesale Textile Association. In order to protect their other distribution channels, Corahs sought to develop an alternative brand name for their goods sold through Marks & Spencer. The name agreed by Simon Marks was St Michael, possibly after his father and co-founder of Marks & Spencer, Michael Marks because it could be linked in the public mind with the St Margaret brand which had a reputation for quality.

The name was introduced in 1927 and registered as a trademark in 1928. At first it applied only to products produced by Corahs, but by 1950 and for the next fifty years, almost all goods sold by Marks & Spencer used the St Michael brand.

The brand was dropped in 2000 as part of a general rebranding. For the next few years, the St Michael name was adopted as the 'St Michael Quality Promise' on the back of food products, on the side of delivery vehicles and on in-store receipts.

In September 2021 Marks & Spencer announced they would begin selling clothes using the brand again after it gained popularity on vintage clothing resale websites.

title: St Michael (brand)


text:
Partido Socialista

Partido Socialista is Spanish and Portuguese for "Socialist Party". Used as a proper noun without any other adjectives, it may refer to:

 * Socialist Party (Argentina)
 * Socialist Party (Bolivia, 1971)
 * Socialist Party of Chile
 * Socialist Party (Guatemala)
 * Socialist Party (Panama)
 * Socialist Party (Peru)
 * Socialist Party (Portugal)
 * Socialist Party of Uruguay
 * Partido Socialista de Puerto Rico
 * Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño

title: Partido Socialista


text:
Talk:Acting Sheriff

Comment
See Talk:Acting Sheriff/Delete for archived discussions on whether this page should have been deleted. -- Angela 20:55, 15 December 2003 (UTC)

Times
When giving times, please give relevant timezone information. (Or do the X Eastern/Y Central thing that is done normally with TV times.) -- 128.104.112.147 (talk) 20:19, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acting Sheriff


text:
List of Arizona state prisons

There are currently 14 prison complexes and 2 correctional treatment facilities, for state prisoners in the U.S. state of Arizona. This number does not include federal prisons, detention centers for the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or county jails located in the state. There are 10 state prisons operated by the Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry (ADCRR), 4 private prisons and 2 private correctional treatment centers.

As of 2007 Arizona had exported more than 2000 prisoners to privately run facilities in Oklahoma and Indiana, a number that would have been higher if not for a riot of Arizona prisoners at the GEO Group's New Castle Correctional Facility on April 27, 2007, protesting the practice. As of 2013, the states of Vermont, California and Hawaii export prisoners to facilities in Arizona.

State-operated prisons

 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Douglas (capacity 2,148)   (Opened in 1984)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Eyman (capacity 4,549)     (Opened in 1991)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Florence (capacity 3,946)  (Opened in 1908)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Lewis (capacity 4,397)     (Opened in 1977)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Perryville (capacity 2,382) (Opened in 1981)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Phoenix (capacity 1,042)   (Opened in 1979)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Safford (capacity 1,717)   (Opened in 1968)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Tucson (capacity 4,358)    (Opened in 1978)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Winslow (capacity 1,928)   (Opened in 1990)
 * Arizona State Prison Complex – Yuma (capacity 2,245)      (Opened in 1987)

Privately operated prisons

 * Arizona State Prison – Kingman (operated by GEO Group)(capacity 3,508) (Opened 2004)
 * Arizona State Prison Florence-West (operated by the GEO Group) (capacity 500 male DUI and 250 Criminal Aliens(CA) Minimum Security) (Opened 1997)
 * Arizona State Prison Phoenix-West (operated by the GEO Group) (capacity 500) (Opened 1996)
 * Marana Community Correctional Treatment Facility (operated by Management and Training Corporation) (capacity 500) (Opened 1994)
 * Central Arizona Correctional Facility (operated by the CoreCivic) (capacity 1,280) (Opened 2006)
 * Red Rock Correctional Center (operated by the Corrections Corporation of America) (capacity 2,000) Medium Security. (Opened 2006)
 * La Palma Correctional Facility (Opened 2008)

title: List of Arizona state prisons


text:
Socialist Party (Portugal)

The Socialist Party (Partido Socialista,, PS) is a social-democratic political party in Portugal. It was founded on 19 April 1973 in the German city of Bad Münstereifel by militants who were at the time with the Portuguese Socialist Action (Acção Socialista Portuguesa). The PS is a member of the Socialist International, Progressive Alliance and Party of European Socialists, and has nine members in the European Parliament within the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group during the 9th European Parliament. It was the governing party of Portugal between November 2015 and April 2024, subsequently winning the 2019 and 2022 legislative elections.

A party of the centre-left, the PS is one of the two major parties in Portuguese politics, its rival being the Social Democratic Party (PSD), a centre-right, conservative party. The current leader of the PS is Pedro Nuno Santos.

Portuguese Socialist Action (1964–1973)
The Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP) was founded in November 1964, in Geneva, Switzerland, by Mário Soares, Manuel Tito de Morais and Francisco Ramos da Costa. The ASP was founded in exile by several Socialist members as political organizations during Salazar's Estado Novo regime were forbidden. In 1964, Mário Soares was elected leader of the ASP and the core principles and values of the ASP were approved.

Inspired by May 68 events, the Socialist Party (PS) was created at a conference of the Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP) on 19 April 1973, in Bad Münstereifel in West Germany:

! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Option ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
 * - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
 * align=left | In favour of a party
 * align=right | 20
 * align=right | 74.1
 * align=left | Against a party
 * align=right | 7
 * align=right | 25.9
 * - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
 * colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" |  Turnout
 * align=right | 27
 * align=right |
 * colspan="4" align=left|Source:
 * }
 * colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" |  Turnout
 * align=right | 27
 * align=right |
 * colspan="4" align=left|Source:
 * }
 * }

The twenty-seven delegates decided to found a party of socialism and political freedom, making an explicit reference to a classless society and with Marxism as a source of principal inspiration. However, seven delegates voted against the idea of creating a party, including Mário Soares' wife Maria Barroso.

Socialist Party (1973–present)
On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution brought down the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo, established in 1933, and democracy was restored. Mário Soares, the party's General-Secretary, returned to Portugal after being in exile in France and became Minister of Foreign Affairs, and António de Almeida Santos was appointed Minister of Interjurisdictional Coordination in one of the first provisional governments. After the revolution, elections were called for 25 April 1975 and the PS won the 1975 election for the Constituent Assembly and the 1976 elections for the National Assembly, then losing to the Democratic Alliance (AD) in the 1979 legislative election. In 1980, the PS made an electoral alliance, called the Republican and Socialist Front (FRS), between the Independent Social Democrats (ASDI), led by Sousa Franco, and the Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy (UEDS), led by Lopes Cardoso. The alliance failed to defeat the AD.

They won the 1983 general election but without an absolute majority, and the PS formed a grand coalition with the centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD), creating a Central Bloc. The new government began negotiations for Portugal to enter the European Economic Community (EEC). In 1985, the Central Block broke down and the PS, at the time led by António de Almeida Santos, lost the 1985 legislative election. Cavaco Silva's PSD won the 1985 elections, and again in 1987 and 1991 with an absolute majority. The PS was in opposition for more than ten years.

In the 1995 legislative election, the PS, then led by the already prominent António Guterres, won a general election for the first time in twelve years, and in the 1999 election failed to obtain what would have been a historic absolute majority for the party by only one MP. In 2001, after a massive defeat in the 2001 local elections, Guterres resigned as prime minister and called for new elections in 2002. The Socialist Party lost the 2002 general election by a small margin to the PSD, who formed a coalition government with the People's Party (CDS–PP). During this time, it has been argued that the Socialist Party moved towards the centre and adopted the Third Way.

In the early 2000s, the party cleaned up its membership database, resulting in a reduction of registered members from 120,000 in 2001 to 77,000 in 2002.

In June 2004, the PS won the 2004 European elections by a landslide, and a few weeks later, Durão Barroso, leader of the PSD and prime minister, resigned to become President of the European Commission. In December 2004, Jorge Sampaio, President of the Republic, called fresh elections for February 2005. These elections resulted in a landslide victory for the PS, winning for the first time since its foundation an absolute majority. José Sócrates, leader of the PS, became Prime Minister of Portugal.

In 2009, after $4 1/2$ years in power, the PS lost the 2009 European Parliament elections to the PSD. However, they won the general election held on 27 September 2009 but failed to renew the absolute majority they won in the previous general election. The PS later introduced and legislated same-sex marriage. The Eurozone crisis and financial crisis of 2011 hit Portugal very hard, prompting Sócrates' government to impose harsh austerity measures. On 23 March 2011, the entire opposition in Parliament said no to new measures proposed by the government. As a result of this, Sócrates resigned as prime minister and a snap election took place on 5 June 2011. In the elections, the PS suffered a huge setback, with 28.1 percent of the vote, ten points behind the PSD, who formed another coalition government with the CDS–PP. Sócrates resigned as General-Secretary on election night after the PS's worst result since 1987. On 23 July 2011, António José Seguro was elected as Sócrates' successor.

Under the leadership of Seguro, the PS won the 2013 local elections making significant gains over the PSD and the Socialists again won the European elections in May 2014 but this time only just. They won 31.5 percent of the vote against almost 28% of the alliance between the PSD and CDS–PP. The result was considered quite a disappointment to many PS members and supporters and on 27 May António Costa, the then-mayor of Lisbon announced that he would stand for the leadership of the PS. Seguro refused to call a new congress and leadership election and instead called for a primary election, to be held on 28 September, to elect the party's candidate for prime minister in the 2015 general elections. Costa, being endorsed by the left faction of the party and people like Mário Soares, Ana Catarina Mendes and Pedro Nuno Santos, easily defeated Seguro, who was supported by the more moderate and centrist wing of the party, by a 67% to 31% margin.

In the 2015 legislative elections, the PS polled a disappointing second place, capturing just 32 percent of the votes against the 38.6 percent of the PSD/CDS–PP electoral alliance Portugal Ahead. Despite the victory of the PSD/CDS-PP coalition, the centre-left and left-wing parties achieved a clear majority in the Portuguese parliament. After the second Passos Coelho cabinet fell in parliament, with the approval of a no-confidence motion, the PS forged a confidence and supply agreement with Left Bloc and Unitary Democratic Coalition to support a PS minority government. For the first time in Portuguese democracy, the leader of the second most voted political force became prime minister.

In order to avoid bankruptcy due to mounting debt, in 2017, the party, alongside the PSD, the Portuguese Communist Party, BE and the ecologist party PEV, voted in favour of abolishing party fundraising limits, thereby opening all portuguese parties to private political donorship, that they are not obligated to disclose. The new proposal was reluctantly approved by the Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.

Costa led a very successful first term as prime minister with a growing economy, low unemployment, and deficit cuts. Although he led a more left-leaning PS, Costa started to shift the party back to the centre in 2018, something that a younger and more left-wing faction, led by minister Pedro Nuno Santos, contested. In the 2019 European elections, the PS won a significant victory by achieving 33.4 percent, against the 22 percent of the PSD. The PS also won the October 2019 general election with 36 percent of the votes, against the 28 percent of the PSD, but by a closer margin than expected. The Second Costa cabinet was sworn in on 26 October 2019.

In October 2020, the PS lost power in the Azores region after the Socialists lost their majority in the region's 2020 October elections. The PS only got 39 percent of the votes, a drop of 7 pp, and 25 seats. The right-wing parties PSD, CDS, PPM, CHEGA, and IL won a majority of one seat over the whole left wing, and a few weeks after the election, they forged a deal that led the PSD to government. , the PS is now in opposition in both autonomous regions of the country.

For the 2021 Portuguese presidential election, Costa endorsed the incumbent Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, something that made some party members unsatisfied. Former PS MEP Ana Gomes, a critic of Costa and a member of the left faction of the party, ran for the presidency, declaring herself the candidate of democratic socialism and progressivism, stating that she has been disappointed with the leadership of the party for not having an official candidate. With the support of the left faction of the party and some more moderate members worried about corruption, Gomes finished in a disappointing second place behind de Sousa, who had many endorsements of party leaders like Lisbon's Mayor Fernando Medina, Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, and Carlos César. The party suffered a setback in the 2021 local elections by losing several cities to the PSD, but, the main defeat was the loss of Lisbon to the PSD candidate, Carlos Moedas, who defeated Fernando Medina by a narrow 34 to 33 percent margin. After the local elections, tensions between the PS and its left-wing allies, BE and CDU, led to the rejection of the 2022 budget which forced the calling of a snap election for January 2022. Despite polls predicting a close race between the PS and PSD, the Socialists won a surprise absolute majority, only the second in their history, with 41 percent of the votes against the 29 percent of the PSD, and winning 120 (52%) of the 230 seats in the Portuguese parliament.

In November 2023, António Costa resigned as Prime Minister and party leader following the Operation Influencer investigation, which investigates suspected corruption activities in the awarding of contracts for the lithium and hydrogen businesses. Following Costa's decision, an early election was called for 10 March 2024. A leadership election was called for 15 and 16 December 2023, which was won by Pedro Nuno Santos with almost 61 percent of the votes.

On the 10 March 2024 election, the Socialist Party was narrowly defeated by the Democratic Alliance (AD), headed by the Social Democratic Party, losing 42 seats and gathering 28 percent of the votes.

Ideology
The PS is a mainstream centre-left social democratic party with many internal factions, ranging from democratic socialism to social liberalism and centrism. It supports Keynesianism, Europeanism, and progressivism. Like many mainstream social democratic parties, it has previously adopted a Third Way outlook.

Assembly of the Republic
Seat share in the Portuguese legislative elections

Secretaries-General

 * Mário Soares: 19 April 1973 – 29 June 1986
 * António de Almeida Santos (ad interim): 13 June 1985 – 13 November 1985
 * António Macedo (ad interim): 13 November 1985 – 29 June 1986
 * Vítor Constâncio: 29 June 1986 – 16 January 1989
 * Jorge Sampaio: 16 January 1989 – 23 February 1992
 * António Guterres: 23 February 1992 – 19 January 2002
 * Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues: 19 January 2002 – 27 September 2004
 * José Sócrates: 27 September 2004 – 23 July 2011
 * António José Seguro: 23 July 2011 – 28 September 2014
 * Maria de Belém Roseira (ad interim): 28 September 2014 – 22 November 2014
 * António Costa: 22 November 2014 – 7 January 2024
 * Pedro Nuno Santos: 7 January 2024 – present

Party presidents

 * António Macedo: 19 April 1973 – 29 June 1986
 * Manuel Tito de Morais: 29 June 1986 – 14 January 1989
 * João Ferraz de Abreu: 14 January 1989 – 21 February 1992
 * António de Almeida Santos: 21 February 1992 – 9 September 2011
 * Maria de Belém Roseira: 9 September 2011 – 29 November 2014
 * Carlos César: 29 November 2014 – present

Presidents of the Assembly

 * Henrique de Barros: 3 June 1975 – 2 April 1976
 * Vasco da Gama Fernandes: 29 July 1976 – 29 October 1978
 * Teófilo Carvalho dos Santos: 30 October 1978 – 7 January 1980
 * Manuel Tito de Morais: 8 June 1983 – 24 October 1984
 * António de Almeida Santos: 31 October 1995 – 4 April 2002
 * Jaime Gama: 16 March 2005 – 21 June 2011
 * Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues: 23 October 2015 – 29 March 2022
 * Augusto Santos Silva: 29 March 2022 – 25 March 2024

Parliamentary Leaders

 * António Lopes Cardoso (Beja): 1975–1976
 * Salgado Zenha (Porto): 1976–1983
 * Walter Rosa (Lisbon): 1983–1985
 * José Luís Nunes (Porto): 1985–1986
 * João Ferraz de Abreu (Aveiro): 1986–1987
 * Jorge Sampaio (Lisbon): 1986–1988
 * António Guterres (Castelo Branco): 1988–1991
 * Jaime Gama (Lisbon): 1991–1994
 * António de Almeida Santos (Porto): 1992–1993
 * Jorge Lacão (Santarém): 1995–1996
 * Francisco Assis (Porto): 1997–2002, 2009–2011
 * António Costa (Leiria): 2002–2003
 * António José Seguro (Lisbon): 2004
 * Alberto Martins (Porto): 2005–2009, 2013–2014
 * Maria de Belém Roseira (Lisbon): 2011
 * Carlos Zorrinho (Évora): 2011–2013
 * Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues (Lisbon): 2014–2015
 * Carlos César (Azores): 2015–2019
 * Ana Catarina Mendes (Setúbal): 2019–2022
 * Eurico Brilhante Dias (Leiria): 2022–2024
 * Alexandra Leitão (Santarém): 2024 - present

Prime Ministers

 * Mário Soares: 23 July 1976 – 28 August 1978; 9 June 1983 – 6 November 1985
 * António Guterres: 28 October 1995 – 6 April 2002
 * José Sócrates: 12 March 2005 – 21 June 2011
 * António Costa: 26 November 2015 – 2 April 2024

Presidents of the Republic

 * Mário Soares: 9 March 1986 – 9 March 1996
 * Jorge Sampaio: 9 March 1996 – 9 March 2006

title: Socialist Party (Portugal)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Acting Sheriff

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of a page entitled Acting Sheriff.

Further comments should be made on the talk page rather than here as this page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to keep the page as there was no consensus on deletion.

Summary of votes
Delete:
 * Anthropos
 * Dogface
 * Daniel Quinlan
 * Tempshill
 * Tualha
 * Kingturtle
 * Minesweeper
 * dave

Keep:
 * Oliver P.
 * BL
 * The Cunctator
 * Alfio
 * Cyan
 * Angela

Discussion
Acting Sheriff - orphan, an unsold tv pilot from 1991 -Anthropos 13:12, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. At best, it should be a sentence in an entry on the actor mentioned.  Deserves no entry on its own.Dogface 20:24, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Merge, then delete. Daniel Quinlan 04:29, Dec 10, 2003 (UTC) Mistaken vote, I don't know what I was thinking.  This is an advert, delete.  Daniel Quinlan 22:16, Dec 13, 2003 (UTC)
 * If content from a page is merged into another, the page should be kept as a redirect firstly in order to preserve the information on authorship (this is a legal requirement, as well as a Good Thing), secondly to enable people to find the content, and thirdly to enable people to link to that content. Having said that, I don't know that this couldn't become a larger article over time, so I would recommend leaving it alone for now. -- Oliver P. 18:12, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * An advert? Of an unsold programme that was made in 1991? You think that that this is their attempt to sell it, now, twelve years later? -- Oliver P. 17:40, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tempshill 18:31, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is exactly the stuff WP was made for. BL 20:17, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Why? It is not a subject of interest to anyone, other than, presumably, the writer who wants to sell it and probably posted the article.  If an unsold script for a TV pilot is great for Wikipedia, then so would be an entry on every high school in the world -- in fact, any high school in the world has a higher probability of being looked-up on wikipedia than does Acting Sheriff.  I would add that the article is not encyclopedic.  Tempshill 18:59, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with BL. Well, Wikipedia's also made for Albert Einstein too. --The Cunctator 04:28, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. Come on, an unsold pilot? Tualha 23:29, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. Maybe someday they will sell it. But not yet. Kingturtle 08:17, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. What more could be said about it since it never sold? --Minesweeper 10:49, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Does my placing the page on VFD count as a vote to delete? If not, please consider my vote to be "Delete". -Anthropos 11:22, Dec 14, 2003 (UTC)
 * But why? The fact that you're not interested in it, or that there isn't much information on it is not a reason to delete something. If you're not interested in it, then don't read it. Other people (including me) are, so leave it for them to read. If there is little to say about it, merge it into a more general article, when a suitable candidate has been identified. -- Oliver P. 17:40, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * There must be, and has been, some discernment as to what trivia gets included in these pages as a separate article. Generally, the topic must be of interest to "enough" people to warrant an article. My assertion is that this does not meet that criteria. As evidence, please consider this Google Search for goulet "acting sheriff", which finds 5 hits: one is Wikipedia derived, two are lists of Goulet's work, and 2 are from the website of someone who collects old (and mostly obscure) video and audio tapes. I have no objection to including the info from the article into an article on Goulet. But it just doesn't warrant its own article. -Anthropos 09:06, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Keep. It does no harm. Alfio 19:58, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is trivia, but I don't think it is unencyclopedic as I define the term. -- Cyan 20:10, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Delete. dave 02:48, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * More rationale for my "Delete" vote above. The Hollywood Reporter runs a list of the scripts and pitches that sell.  Last week's issue listed 31 such scripts.  If Wikipedia's mission includes providing information that will actually be looked up by someone, then each of those 31 scripts is in line ahead of Acting Sheriff.  For fun, let's assume that about 30 scripts a week sell to production companies or studios,.  In this case, there is a minimum of 18,720 scripts that are more important than this one.  Acting Sheriff is ridiculous trivia, relevant to nobody, and the only possible reason it exists in Wikipedia is as an advert.  Tempshill 19:21, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * I agree with Cyan than this is not unencyclopedic. Angela. 20:57, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)


text:
2004 in American television

In American television during 2004 notable events included television series debuts, finales, cancellations, and new channel initiations.

title: 2004 in American television


text:
Constantine II, King of Armenia

Constantine II (Կոստանդին Բ), (also Constantine IV; Western Armenian transliteration: Gosdantin or Kostantine; died 17 April 1344), born Guy de Lusignan, was elected the first Latin King of Armenian Cilicia of the Poitiers-Lusignan dynasty, ruling from 1342 until his death in 1344.

Life
Guy de Lusignan was the son of Isabella, daughter of Leo II of Armenia, and Amalric, a son of Hugh III of Cyprus, and was governor of Serres from 1328 until 1341. When his cousin Leo IV, the last Hethumid monarch of Cilicia, was murdered by the barons, the crown was offered to his younger brother John, who urged Guy to accept it. Guy was reluctant — his mother and two of his brothers had been murdered by the Armenian regent Oshin of Corycos — but he eventually accepted and took the name Constantine.

Guy was killed in an uprising in Armenia on April 17, 1344 and was succeeded by a distant cousin, Constantine III.

Marriages and issue
Guy married twice, firstly to a Kantakouzene (died c. 1330), without issue, and secondly in 1330–1332, Theodora Syrgiannaina (died 1347/1349), with whom he fathered:
 * Isabella of Lusignan (c. or after 1333 – in Cyprus, 1382–1387), Lady of Aradippou, married after February 26, 1349 Manuel Kantakouzenos (c. 1326 – April 10, 1380), Despot of Morea.

title: Constantine II, King of Armenia