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Mike Ross (politician)

Michael Avery Ross (born August 2, 1961) is an American businessman and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the U.S. representative for AR's 4th congressional district from 2001 to 2013 and was his party's nominee for governor of Arkansas in 2014. He is currently the last Democrat to have represented Arkansas in the House of Representatives. He was also a member of the Arkansas Senate from 1991 to 2001, a member of the Nevada County Quorum Court from 1983 to 1985, and a small business owner.

On July 25, 2011, Ross announced that he would not seek reelection to the House in 2012. He instead became the Democratic nominee for governor of Arkansas in the general election scheduled for November 4, 2014. He faced the Republican nominee, former U.S. Representative Asa Hutchinson of Arkansas's 3rd congressional district, who had previously lost the 2006 gubernatorial election to Democrat Mike Beebe. Ross lost to Hutchinson, ending his undefeated electoral streak.

Ross is an officer and senior vice president at Little Rock-based Southwest Power Pool, which manages the electric grid and operates the wholesale electric market for all or parts of 14 states.

Early life, education, and career
Ross was born in Texarkana, Arkansas. A fifth-generation Arkansan, he lived for many years in Prescott until relocating in 2013 to the capital city of Little Rock. The grandson of farmers and a nurse and the son of two public school educators, he graduated from high school in Hope, Arkansas and earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, working his way through college as a local radio announcer.

Along with his wife Holly (divorced 2021), who is a pharmacist, they owned and operated a pharmacy and home medical equipment business in his hometown of Prescott, from 1993 until they sold it in 2007.

By the age of 20, Ross was driving and staffing then former governor Bill Clinton as he successfully waged his "come back" campaign for a second term as Governor of Arkansas. During the 1980s, Ross was also vice president for colleges for the Young Democrats of Arkansas and served for many years on the Democratic Party of Arkansas's state committee and its executive committee.

Ross previously served on the Nevada County Quorum Court from 1983 to 1985 and as chief of staff to then-lieutenant governor Winston Bryant from 1985 to 1989.

Ross was a member of the Arkansas State Senate for ten years (1991–2001), before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for Arkansas's 4th congressional district in 2000. Ross left Congress on January 3, 2013, after choosing not to seek a seventh term and after a brief stint in the private sector as an officer and senior vice president at the Little Rock-based non-profit Southwest Power Pool, he announced his candidacy for Governor of Arkansas on April 17, 2013. After an unsuccessful bid for governor, he returned to Southwest Power Pool, a regional transmission organization that manages the electric grid and operates the wholesale electric market for all or part of 14 states, where he currently serves as an officer and senior Vice President.

Arkansas State Senate
In 1990, Ross was elected to the Arkansas State Senate becoming the legislature's youngest member at that time, where he served as chair of the Senate Children and Youth Committee. During his tenure, Ross worked alongside future governor Mike Beebe to help pass the Arkansas Academic Challenge scholarship program.

Ross served in the state senate ten years, until his election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Energy and Commerce
 * Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade
 * Subcommittee on Health
 * Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
 * NATO Parliamentary Assembly

Caucus leadership and membership

 * Blue Dog Coalition (former co-chair)
 * Congressional Delta Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Congressional Sportsmen's Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Mississippi Valley Flood Control Association (former president)
 * Interstate 49 Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Interstate 69 Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Congressional Timber Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Congressional Cement Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Congressional Community Pharmacy Caucus (former co-chair)
 * Congressional Rice Caucus

 * Congressional Nursing Caucus
 * International Conservation Caucus
 * Congressional Arts Caucus
 * Congressional Humanities Caucus
 * Congressional MS Caucus
 * Congressional Rural Caucus
 * Congressional Fire Services Caucus
 * Congressional Waterways Caucus
 * Friends of Job Corps Caucus
 * Congressional Historic Preservation Caucus

Ross considered running for the position of Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman for the 110th Congress; however, he deferred to incumbent John Larson after Rahm Emanuel chose to run for caucus chair, which was the position for which Larson had been running.

Health care
Ross has consistently voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as Obamacare. He was one of three Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives to vote to repeal Obamacare and continued to vote to repeal the law throughout his tenure in Congress.

In a statement after his vote in January 2011, Mike Ross said: "I have said from the beginning that I believe we absolutely need health care reform, but we need commonsense health care reform that reflects Arkansas values. This law was more than 2,000 pages, cut Medicare by half a trillion dollars, placed huge unfunded mandates on our states and authorized the IRS to fine people who can't afford to buy health insurance. An overwhelming majority of my constituents continue to oppose this health care reform law and I believe we should repeal it, start over and listen to the majority of the American people—not the special interests and party leaders in Washington."

Ross supports Arkansas's bipartisan Medicaid expansion known as the "private option" – the state's plan to use federal Medicaid money to pay for private insurance for people earning up to 138 percent of the federal poverty level. Ross said that "although he voted against the Affordable Care Act, he supports the private option, which he called an 'Arkansas-specific, bipartisan and market-based solution' that helps working families. Arkansas' private option is a great example of what we can accomplish when we listen to one another and work together in a bipartisan way, and, as governor, I will support the law and its continued funding."

The Blue Dogs and health care
On June 19, 2009, Ross made clear that he and a group of other fiscally conservative, moderate Democrats, known as the Blue Dog Coalition, were increasingly unhappy with the direction that health-care legislation was taking in the House. They claimed the health care reform bill was being written behind closed doors without their input and that the proposals being consider fall short in reducing costs and increasing efficiency, outlining only a fraction of what will be required to achieve a product that does not add to the deficit.

Ross was thrust into the national spotlight on July 21 when he and a group of seven Blue Dog Democrats on Energy & Commerce bucked their party's leaders and brought the committee mark up process of H.R. 3200, America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009, to a halt. (This piece of legislation would eventually die and never receive a vote on the House floor. H.R. 3962, Affordable Health Care for America Act, is the House health care reform bill that would eventually be considered by the House of Representatives, and Ross voted against that bill.)  House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Henry Waxman postponed meeting publicly to discuss the health-care legislation to negotiate with the Blue Dogs, meeting privately with Ross and other members of the so-called Blue Dog Coalition, conservative Democrats who sit on the committee and could join Republicans and vote down a bill they don't like since the panel has 36 Democrats and 23 Republicans.

After days of back-to-back meetings and intense negotiations into the night, four of the seven Blue Dog Democrats on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, led by Ross, said they resolved their differences with Chairman Henry Waxman of California and were able to force House leadership to agree on several provisions, namely that the full House would not vote on the legislation until at least September so lawmakers would have time to read the bill and listen to constituents.

Other concessions won by Blue Dogs, which drew immediate opposition from liberals in the chamber, would shave about 10 percent from the health care overhaul's $1 trillion, 10-year price tag, in part by limiting subsidies to people who are not insured. The exemption for small businesses would be doubled so that only businesses with payrolls greater than $500,000 a year would be required to offer insurance or pay a tax equivalent to 8 percent of their payroll.

Because many Blue Dogs, especially Ross, had serious concerns about the bill's potential harmful effects on rural doctors and rural hospitals, the group forced House leadership to accept that the government would negotiate rates with health care providers instead of using Medicare rates in any so-called public option.

However, some of the concessions to Ross set off a revolt among members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, who said they feared that the public insurance plan was being weakened. "We do not support this," said Representative Lynn Woolsey, Democrat of California, co-chairwoman of the progressive caucus. "It's a nonstarter."

After Congress' August recess, Ross announced that he could not support a bill with a Public Option. In a letter to constituents, he claimed that "An overwhelming number of you oppose a government-run health insurance option, and it is your feedback that has led me to oppose the public option as well." However, a Research 2000 poll, commissioned by the left-leaning group Daily Kos, found that a majority of his district actually supported a Public Option. While a poll from the University of Arkansas only found support for the public option at 39 percent. Ross ultimately voted against the health care reform bill that passed the House on November 7, 2009. In January 2011, Ross was one of three Democrats to vote with the unified Republican caucus for the repeal of the recent health care reform law.

Other issues
Ross co-sponsored and voted for the Federal Reserve Transparency Act to audit the Federal Reserve System.

Ross is against gun control and is one of the few Democratic members of Congress to consistently earn an A+ rating from the NRA Political Victory Fund.

Throughout his time in the U.S. House of Representatives, Ross was consistently ranked as one of the most independent and moderate members of Congress by National Journal. When Ross left Congress in 2013, he was ranked as the sixth most conservative Democrat in the entire U.S. House of Representatives.

Political campaigns
Ross won a narrow victory against incumbent Republican Jay Dickey in 2000 by portraying himself as a moderate, like the political tendencies of his district. In contrast, Dickey was seen as controversial because of his comments on stem cell research and homosexuality. Additionally, he had voted to impeach Bill Clinton, which was a highly unpopular move in Clinton's home district. Clinton, who had won the district by wide margins in both of his presidential bids, campaigned on behalf of Ross. Ross was the only Democratic House challenger outside of California to defeat a Republican incumbent in 2000.

Ross easily defeated Dickey in a 2002 rematch, then ran unopposed in 2004. He picked up an easy victory in the 2006 election, defeating the similarly named Republican, real estate executive Joe Ross, 75 percent–25 percent.

In terms of a possible ballot initiative in Arkansas to allow the use of doctor-prescribed medical marijuana, Ross' campaign said "over the next several months, many issues will try to get on the 2014 ballot, and, like every other Arkansan, Mike Ross will carefully review each measure once it's certified and placed on the ballot."

2008
Ross had no Republican opponent but did face Hot Springs lawyer and Green Party candidate Joshua Drake, whom he beat with a decisive 87% of the vote.

During the 2008 presidential campaign, like most Arkansas Democrats, Ross endorsed former U.S. Senator and former First Lady of the United States Hillary Clinton (D-New York) for president.

2010
Winning 58% of the vote, Ross handily defeated Republican nominee Beth Anne Rankin (40%) and Green Party nominee Josh Drake (2%), despite that year's Republican wave. Ross was the only U.S. House member from Arkansas who sought reelection in 2010, as Democrats Robert Marion Berry and Vic Snyder retired, while Republican John Boozman ran successfully for the U.S. Senate. Ross became the only Democrat in Arkansas' House Delegation, as all three open seats were won by Republicans.

2014 gubernatorial campaign
On July 25, 2011, Ross announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of 2012. As for possibly running for Governor of Arkansas in 2014, he said: "Whether I run for Governor in 2014 is a decision I have not yet made and won't make until sometime after my term in this Congress ends. But I do know if I was re-elected to the U.S. Congress next year, my term in the Congress would overlap with the Governor's race. I believe it would be impossible to successfully run for Governor here at home, while effectively carrying out my congressional duties in Washington."

On May 14, 2012, Ross announced that he would not run for governor in 2014. Instead, he became senior vice president for government affairs and public relations at the Little Rock-based, nonprofit Southwest Power Pool.

However, Ross resigned his position as an officer and senior vice president with Southwest Power Pool on April 2, 2013, to "pursue another opportunity in public service." Ross said he received numerous calls and e-mails from all over the state to reconsider his decision not to run for governor and on April 17, 2013, Ross formally announced his campaign for governor in his hometown of Prescott.

On April 29, 2013, Ross tweeted that he had raised more than half a million dollars in the first ten days of the campaign.

During his campaign for governor, Ross made access to quality pre-kindergarten education a centerpiece of his campaign, introducing a plan to make pre-kindergarten accessible to every 4-year-old in Arkansas by 2025.

Ross also made reducing domestic violence and child abuse priorities in his crime reduction plan, which included increased support for shelters, more investigative money for child abuse and more training of police officers in coping with domestic situations. One key initiative in Ross' plan would have changed the way police respond to domestic violence calls. Under Ross's plan, Arkansas police would have been trained to screen victims for risk level by asking a series of research-based questions. If the victim was determined to be at high risk, police would have been required to inform her about the danger she is in, encourage her to seek help and connect her with key resources. Ross' plan also included the creation of a confidential address program to help survivors of sexual assault, rape, stalking or domestic violence keep their location secret from abusers; changing the law so it's easier for domestic violence survivors to terminate a housing lease without penalty; and directing the state to publish a comprehensive report on domestic violence every two years.

Ross also proposed a major overhaul of the state's personal income tax structure and said the plan would have to be phased in over time as allowed by the state's finances. The total price tag of the restructuring would cost an estimated $574.5 million, according to the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration. Ross said his tax cut plan, when fully implemented, would cut income taxes by as much as $465 for incomes at $30,000; $665 at $40,000; $880 at $50,000; and, $1,148 at $75,000 and up. He proposed mimicking Gov. Mike Beebe's phase-out of the sales tax on groceries as his blueprint for restructuring the tax code. Ross said, "I want to modernize our income tax code in a way that means lower, fairer taxes for working families and small businesses in Arkansas, and I want to do so in a fiscally responsible way that maintains our balanced budget and protects vital state services like education, Medicaid and public safety," Ross said. "Just like Governor Beebe did with the sales tax on groceries, I will also gradually phase in my tax cut plan as the state can afford to do so." The crux of Ross' plan would be to retroactively index Arkansas income tax brackets taking a 1997 state law and applying it to the 1971 realignment of the tax code. Act 328 of 1997 tied state income tax brackets to inflation on a forward-going basis.

Ross also announced a plan to create a "senior bill of rights," which would result in services for seniors centered on seven policy areas, including healthcare, food security and more simple access to information about government programs.

Personal life
Mike was married to the former Holly Hempen of Texarkana, Texas in 1983. They had two children. They were divorced in 2021. He married Krystal H. Thrailkill on August 6, 2022. He is a member of Pulaski Heights United Methodist Church in Little Rock, Arkansas where he has resided since 2012.

title: Mike Ross (politician)


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Kissing number

In geometry, the kissing number of a mathematical space is defined as the greatest number of non-overlapping unit spheres that can be arranged in that space such that they each touch a common unit sphere. For a given sphere packing (arrangement of spheres) in a given space, a kissing number can also be defined for each individual sphere as the number of spheres it touches. For a lattice packing the kissing number is the same for every sphere, but for an arbitrary sphere packing the kissing number may vary from one sphere to another.

Other names for kissing number that have been used are Newton number (after the originator of the problem), and contact number.

In general, the kissing number problem seeks the maximum possible kissing number for n-dimensional spheres in (n + 1)-dimensional Euclidean space. Ordinary spheres correspond to two-dimensional closed surfaces in three-dimensional space.

Finding the kissing number when centers of spheres are confined to a line (the one-dimensional case) or a plane (two-dimensional case) is trivial. Proving a solution to the three-dimensional case, despite being easy to conceptualise and model in the physical world, eluded mathematicians until the mid-20th century. Solutions in higher dimensions are considerably more challenging, and only a handful of cases have been solved exactly. For others, investigations have determined upper and lower bounds, but not exact solutions.

One dimension
In one dimension, the kissing number is 2:

Two dimensions
In two dimensions, the kissing number is 6:

Proof: Consider a circle with center C that is touched by circles with centers C1, C2, .... Consider the rays C Ci. These rays all emanate from the same center C, so the sum of angles between adjacent rays is 360°.

Assume by contradiction that there are more than six touching circles. Then at least two adjacent rays, say C C1 and C C2, are separated by an angle of less than 60°. The segments C Ci have the same length – 2r – for all i. Therefore, the triangle C C1 C2 is isosceles, and its third side – C1 C2 – has a side length of less than 2r. Therefore, the circles 1 and 2 intersect – a contradiction.

Three dimensions
In three dimensions, the kissing number is 12, but the correct value was much more difficult to establish than in dimensions one and two. It is easy to arrange 12 spheres so that each touches a central sphere, with a lot of space left over, and it is not obvious that there is no way to pack in a 13th sphere. (In fact, there is so much extra space that any two of the 12 outer spheres can exchange places through a continuous movement without any of the outer spheres losing contact with the center one.) This was the subject of a famous disagreement between mathematicians Isaac Newton and David Gregory. Newton correctly thought that the limit was 12; Gregory thought that a 13th could fit. Some incomplete proofs that Newton was correct were offered in the nineteenth century, most notably one by Reinhold Hoppe, but the first correct proof (according to Brass, Moser, and Pach) did not appear until 1953.

The twelve neighbors of the central sphere correspond to the maximum bulk coordination number of an atom in a crystal lattice in which all atoms have the same size (as in a chemical element). A coordination number of 12 is found in a cubic close-packed or a hexagonal close-packed structure.

Larger dimensions
In four dimensions, it was known for some time that the answer was either 24 or 25. It is straightforward to produce a packing of 24 spheres around a central sphere (one can place the spheres at the vertices of a suitably scaled 24-cell centered at the origin). As in the three-dimensional case, there is a lot of space left over — even more, in fact, than for n = 3 — so the situation was even less clear. In 2003, Oleg Musin proved the kissing number for n = 4 to be 24.

The kissing number in n dimensions is unknown for n > 4, except for n = 8 (where the kissing number is 240), and  n = 24 (where it is 196,560). The results in these dimensions stem from the existence of highly symmetrical lattices: the E8 lattice and the Leech lattice.

If arrangements are restricted to lattice arrangements, in which the centres of the spheres all lie on points in a lattice, then this restricted kissing number is known for n = 1 to 9 and n = 24 dimensions. For 5, 6, and 7 dimensions the arrangement with the highest known kissing number found so far is the optimal lattice arrangement, but the existence of a non-lattice arrangement with a higher kissing number has not been excluded.

Some known bounds
The following table lists some known bounds on the kissing number in various dimensions. The dimensions in which the kissing number is known are listed in boldface.

Generalization
The kissing number problem can be generalized to the problem of finding the maximum number of non-overlapping congruent copies of any convex body that touch a given copy of the body. There are different versions of the problem depending on whether the copies are only required to be congruent to the original body, translates of the original body, or translated by a lattice. For the regular tetrahedron, for example, it is known that both the lattice kissing number and the translative kissing number are equal to 18, whereas the congruent kissing number is at least 56.

Algorithms
There are several approximation algorithms on intersection graphs where the approximation ratio depends on the kissing number. For example, there is a polynomial-time 10-approximation algorithm to find a maximum non-intersecting subset of a set of rotated unit squares.

Mathematical statement
The kissing number problem can be stated as the existence of a solution to a set of inequalities. Let $$x_n$$ be a set of N D-dimensional position vectors of the centres of the spheres. The condition that this set of spheres can lie round the centre sphere without overlapping is: $$\exist x\ \left\{ \forall_n \{x_n^\textsf{T} x_n = 1\} \land \forall_{m,n: m \neq n} \{ (x_n - x_m)^\textsf{T}(x_n - x_m) \geq 1\} \right\}$$

Thus the problem for each dimension can be expressed in the existential theory of the reals. However, general methods of solving problems in this form take at least exponential time which is why this problem has only been solved up to four dimensions. By adding additional variables, $$y_{nm}$$ this can be converted to a single quartic equation in N(N − 1)/2 + DN variables: $$ \exist xy\ \left\{ \sum_n \left(x_n^\textsf{T} x_n - 1\right)^2 + \sum_{m,n: m<n}\Big( (x_n - x_m)^\textsf{T} (x_n - x_m) - 1 - (y_{nm})^2 \Big)^2 = 0 \right\} $$

Therefore, to solve the case in D = 5 dimensions and N = 40 + 1 vectors would be equivalent to determining the existence of real solutions to a quartic polynomial in 1025 variables. For the D = 24 dimensions and N = 196560 + 1, the quartic would have 19,322,732,544 variables. An alternative statement in terms of distance geometry is given by the distances squared $$R_{mn}$$ between the mth and nth sphere: $$ \exist R\ \{ \forall_n \{R_{0n} = 1 \} \land \forall_{m,n: m<n} \{ R_{mn} \geq 1\} \}$$

This must be supplemented with the condition that the Cayley–Menger determinant is zero for any set of points which forms a (D + 1) simplex in D dimensions, since that volume must be zero. Setting $$R_{mn} = 1 + {y_{mn}}^2$$ gives a set of simultaneous polynomial equations in just y which must be solved for real values only. The two methods, being entirely equivalent, have various different uses. For example, in the second case one can randomly alter the values of the y by small amounts to try to minimise the polynomial in terms of the y.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kissing number


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DuckTales (video game)

DuckTales is a platform game developed and published by Capcom and based on the Disney animated TV series of the same name. It was first released in North America for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1989 and was later ported to the Game Boy in 1990. The story involves Scrooge McDuck traveling around the globe collecting treasure and outwitting his rival Flintheart Glomgold to become the world's richest duck.

Produced by key personnel from the Mega Man series, DuckTales sold over a million copies worldwide on each system, becoming Capcom's best-selling title for both platforms. The game was praised for its tight control, unique and non-linear gameplay and bright presentation, and is often regarded as one of the best titles for the NES, appearing on numerous "Best of" lists.

DuckTales was followed by a sequel, DuckTales 2, in 1993. A remastered version of DuckTales developed by WayForward Technologies, featuring high resolution graphics and performances by the surviving members of the show's voice cast, named DuckTales: Remastered, was released in 2013 for PC, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii U. The original 8-bit version of the game was also included in The Disney Afternoon Collection compilation for PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.

Gameplay

Players control Scrooge McDuck as he travels around the world and outer space in search of five treasures to further increase his fortune. Scrooge is able to attack enemies and get around using his cane. On the ground, Scrooge can swing his cane to attack enemies and to break open or throw certain objects. While jumping, Scrooge can bounce on his cane similarly to a pogo stick and attack enemies from above. This also allows him to reach higher areas as well as bounce across hazardous areas that hurt his palmate. Along the way, Scrooge can find various diamonds, hidden inside treasure chests or appearing in certain areas, to increase his fortune and ice cream that can restore his health. Scrooge will also encounter various characters from the series who have a variety of roles, such as providing hints, offering useful items, opening access to new areas, or attempting to stop Scrooge's progress. Hidden in the game is a secret life-restoring cheat, accessed by pressing the select button while standing still, that will refill Scrooge's heart points for $3,000,000.

The game features five levels: African mines, The Amazon, The Himalayas, Transylvania, and the Moon. The player can visit any of the destinations to pursue the treasures in any order. However, The African mines and Transylvania must be revisited to acquire certain essential items. Two secret treasures are scattered between all five destinations. Each destination's treasure is protected by a boss that Scrooge must defeat to retrieve. When all five main treasures are collected, the player returns to Transylvania for a final boss fight against Dracula Duck. After defeating him, the player must contend with Flintheart Glomgold and Magica DeSpell for the final treasure.

Upon completing the game, players can receive one of three endings based on their performance: a regular ending for simply clearing the game, a great ending for clearing the game with at least $10,000,000, and a bad ending for clearing the game with $0. As the player is given $1,000,000 for each level's treasure, the bad ending is only achievable by spending all accumulated money on the life-restore cheat before the player ends the game. In order to do that, the player has to collect exactly $1,000,000 to get a total money of $6,000,000 because one gets a total of $5,000,000 from the bosses. Then, the player has to apply the life-restore cheat two times to end up with $0.

Development
Although Capcom had previously worked with Disney by publishing the Hudson-produced Mickey Mousecapade in North America in 1988, DuckTales became the first licensed game that the company developed, and shared many key personnel with the original Mega Man series including producer Tokuro Fujiwara, character designer Keiji Inafune, and sound programmer Yoshihiro Sakaguchi.

Revisions to the game included the removal of crosses from the coffins in the Transylvania stage, replacing them with the letters "RIP", replacing hamburgers as power-ups with ice cream, and the omission of an option for Scrooge to give his money up, an action deemed too "un-Scrooge-like". Scrooge McDuck's shirt sprite was changed from blue to red to make him stand out and pop more against the blue and dark backgrounds. A leaked prototype cartridge from a private collector reveals several differences between the original, unfinished version and the final release, such as different level names, unused music for the Transylvania stage, slower tempo on the music for the Moon stage, unused or altered text, and the character Gizmoduck going by his Japanese name "RoboDuck". Despite the changes, images of the unfinished beta version could be seen in the 1990 books Consumer Guide: Hot Tips for the Coolest Nintendo Games and the NES Game Atlas by Nintendo.

DuckTales was later ported to the Game Boy in late 1990. This version features the same gameplay, music and levels of the original console release, though the layout of each level was changed to accommodate the handheld's lower resolution screen.

Reception
DuckTales was a commercial success, with the NES and Game Boy versions selling approximately 1.67 million and 1.43 million copies worldwide respectively, each becoming Capcom's highest-selling titles for their respective platforms. It was released to generally positive reviews, with Electronic Gaming Monthly praising the NES version for its gameplay and colorful graphics, calling it "a prime example of very good game design". The magazine additionally commented that the title was probably made "with younger players in mind" due to its short length and relative lack of difficulty or complexity, declaring that "you'll probably enjoy this game but find it beaten after the first day of play". Conversely, Mean Machines magazine called the game "very tough and challenging", elaborating that "it requires plenty of skill to get all the way through the game in one go". Nintendo Power later called the Game Boy port "a faithful translation from the NES version".

Nintendo Power listed DuckTales as the 13th best Nintendo Entertainment System game in 2008, praising it as fun in spite of being a licensed product. The magazine later placed the game 44th in its list of the "285 Greatest Games of All Time" in 2012. In 2009, website IGN ranked the title 10th on its list of the 100 greatest NES games, remarking that "out of all of the games built on Capcom's famous Mega Man architecture (but wasn't an actual Mega Man game), Duck Tales is perhaps the best of the bunch". Official Nintendo Magazine also included the game at number 85 on their own list of the "100 Best Nintendo Games" that same year, and 9th in its "Top Ten Best NES Games" list in 2013. It also placed 9th on 1UP.com's "Top 25 NES Games" feature in 2010, 2nd in GamesRadar's own "Top 7 Disney Games" list in 2009, and 12th in GamesRadar's "Best NES Games of All Time" list in 2012.

Creative director of DuckTales Remastered, Matt Bozon, called the music of DuckTales "some of the best 8-bit music [he's] ever heard", with his developer team citing themes as that of the Transylvania and Himalayas stages as memorable. Polygon cites the "Moon Theme" as the most famous piece of music from the title, with Geekparty calling it "the most perfect piece of 8-bit music ever written". The "Moon Theme" appears in the 2017 animated series reboot during scenes set on the moon, most prominently as the basis for a lullaby that Della Duck sings in the second-season episode "What Ever Happened to Della Duck?!"

DuckTales: Remastered
A remake of the game, titled DuckTales: Remastered, was released in 2013 for PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U and in 2015 for iOS, Android and Windows Phone. Developed by WayForward Technologies, Remastered features updated graphics and music, expanded story content, and full voice-acting for the characters, including the surviving members of the animated series' cast. The original game's levels are included, but expanded with new areas and new boss patterns, along with two new levels exclusive to Remastered.

title: DuckTales (video game)


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Todd Tiahrt

William Todd Tiahrt (born June 15, 1951) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for KS's 4th congressional district from 1995 to 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected as part of the historic Republican Wave of 1994, defeating 18-year incumbent U.S. Representative Dan Glickman. He ran in 2010 for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Sam Brownback. He lost to fellow Republican U.S. Representative Jerry Moran of Hays, Kansas, 50%–45%.

Tiahrt twice sought to regain the 4th District House seat, representing a district which encompasses eleven counties in the south central region of the state, including the City of Wichita. In 2014, he ran against incumbent Mike Pompeo in the Republican primary but was defeated. Then, in 2017, after Pompeo vacated the seat to become President Donald Trump's CIA Director, Tiahrt sought the Republican nomination for the special election to fill it, but came in third, losing to Kansas state treasurer Ron Estes.

Early life, education and career
Tiahrt was born in Vermillion, South Dakota, the son of Marcine (née Steele) and Wilbur E. Tiahrt. He attended the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology where he played football as a running back. He went on to earn a bachelor's degree from Evangel College in 1975, and received a M.B.A. from Southwest Missouri State University in 1989. He was a teacher at Kansas Newman College and Evangel College and worked for Boeing as a proposal manager.

Elections
Tiahrt was elected to the Kansas State Senate in 1992. After only one term, in 1994, he won the Republican nomination for the 4th Congressional District and was elected in an upset over 18-year Democratic incumbent Dan Glickman. Over 1,800 people volunteered for Tiahrt's campaign which spent only $200,000, less than a quarter of Glickman's expenditures.

One factor in the win was the 1990s reapportionment, in which Hutchinson and surrounding Reno County were shifted to the "Big 1st" District. Hutchinson was replaced with more reliably Republican Montgomery County. After a tough reelection bid in 1996, Tiahrt was reelected to the U.S. House six more times with little difficulty, before his unsuccessful U.S. Senate bid in 2010.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Appropriations
 * Subcommittee on Defense
 * Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
 * Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
 * Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, and General Government
 * Subcommittee on District of Columbia
 * Subcommittee on Military Construction
 * Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch
 * House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

Leadership roles and caucus memberships

 * Dean of Kansas' delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives
 * Founder and chairman of the House Economic Competitiveness Caucus
 * Deputy Majority Whip

Impeachment of Bill Clinton
In November 1997, Tiahrt was one of eighteen Republicans in the House to co-sponsor a resolution by Bob Barr that sought to launch an impeachment inquiry against President Bill Clinton. The resolution did not specify any charges or allegations. This was an early effort to impeach Clinton, predating the eruption of the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal. The eruption of that scandal would ultimately lead to a more serious effort to impeach Clinton in 1998. On October 8, 1998, Tiahrt voted in favor of legislation that was passed to open an impeachment inquiry. On December 19, 1998, Tiahrt voted in favor of all four proposed articles of impeachment against Clinton (only two of which received the needed majority of votes to be adopted).

Tiahrt Amendment
Tiahrt is the author of the Tiahrt Amendment which prohibits the National Tracing Center of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) from releasing information from its firearms trace database to anyone other than a law enforcement agency or prosecutor in connection with a criminal investigation.

This precludes gun trace data from being used in academic research of gun use in crime. Additionally, the law blocks any data legally released from being admissible in civil lawsuits against gun sellers or manufacturers. Some groups, including the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, believe that having further access to the ATF database would help municipal police departments track down sellers of illegal guns and curb crime. These groups are trying to undo the Tiahrt Amendment.

Numerous police organizations oppose the Tiahrt Amendment, such as the Major Cities Chiefs Association (MCCA) and the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). Conversely, the Tiahrt Amendment is supported by the National Rifle Association of America, and the Fraternal Order of Police (although it allows municipal police departments only limited access to ATF trace data in any criminal investigation). The NRA has claimed that undoing the Tiahrt Amendment would lead to a rash of lawsuits against gun dealers.

In their 2010 letter of appreciation on behalf of the NRA Political Victory Fund and the 50,000 NRA members in Kansas, Tiahrt was honored with a 4th consecutive congressional race A+ rating for his contributions to the pro-gun efforts.

Tiahrt had earned the highest rating, by "voting for every pro-gun bill." This included "critical pro-gun reforms" like the 2005 Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA); "legislation to expand Right-to-Carry to national parks and wildlife refuges", the Tiahrt Amendment to reform the ATF, and "legislation to restore" Second Amendment rights to Washington, DC. The A+ ranking took into consideration the letter he submitted to court briefs that he signed as a "critical friend of the court briefs" in the 2008 landmark case District of Columbia v. Heller, in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home, and that Washington, D.C.'s handgun ban and requirement that lawfully-owned rifles and shotguns be kept "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock" violated this guarantee. and the 2010 SC case McDonald v. Chicago which found that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" is protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment against the states, clearing up any uncertainty left in the wake of the Heller case.

Tiahrt-Bilbray Bill Fairness for American Students Act
A bill was introduced by Tiahrt and Congressman Brian Bilbray (R-CA) called the Fairness for American Students Act that would close a loophole in current law that several states have used to provide lower-cost college tuition to illegal immigrants compared to tuition rates U.S. citizens from neighboring states have to pay. Kansas and Nebraska are two of the states that currently offer in-state tuition to illegal immigrants.

Former Tiahrt congressional staff
Matt Schlapp is chairman of the American Conservative Union and a Fox News political commentator. Schlapp began his political career as a campaign volunteer for Tiahrt in 1994 and following Tiahrt's election in November 1994, Schlapp moved to Washington, D.C. to serve as Tiahrt's communications director and eventually chief of staff for five years. He later served as White House Political Director for President George W. Bush.

Matthew Stroia serves as chief of staff to U.S. Representative Mike Kelly (R-PA). He served as a legislative counsel for Tiahrt from 2008 to 2011.

Joel Katz currently serves as district director for U.S. Representative Andrew Clyde (R-GA). He served as legislative correspondent for Tiahrt from 2009 to 2011, and then went on to serve as legislative assistant for U.S. House of Representatives Majority Leader Eric Cantor, and chief of staff to U.S. Representative Doug Collins (R-GA).

Jeff Kahrs began as an intern for Tiahrt in the Kansas State Senate from 1993 to 1994 and later served as Tiahrt's legislative director and chief of staff from 1995 to 2010. Kahrs currently serves as senior advisor to U.S. Representative Jake LaTurner (R-KS).

Josh Bell served as a legislative correspondent and aide for Tiahrt from 2002 to 2011. He currently serve as chief of staff to U.S. Representative Ron Estes (R-KS).

Robert Noland was the only employee of Tiahrt's congressional campaign in 1994 and worked for Tiahrt throughout his tenure in the U.S. House, mostly as his district director in Wichita. Noland later served as executive director of the Kansas Family Policy Council.

Abortion and family planning
Tiahrt opposed government-funded abortions. While serving in Congress, he spoke at the annual March for Life.

The "Tiahrt Amendment" of 1998, which was most recently included in the FY2020 State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, ensures that no government funding is used in connection with forcible sterilizations in foreign countries. The amendment ensures that in foreign countries where the U.S. government funds voluntary family planning projects, women are not denied the right to participate in any general welfare program or denied the right of access to health care. Further, the amendment requires that any experimental contraceptive drugs and devices and medical procedures are provided only in the context of a scientific study in which participants are advised of potential risks and benefits.

Concern that the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) was possibly funding a forced sterilization campaign in Peru led Tiahrt to enact the Amendment.

Government funding for needles
Tiahrt was cited as responsible for preventing the City of Washington D.C., from spending federal or District funding on "needle exchange programs" for drug users from 1998 through 2007.

Comments on the TSA
On November 23, 2010, Tiahrt spoke in Wichita against recent TSA security measures and how they affect citizens' privacy. In 2009, along with Kansas' then-U.S. Senators, he co-authored a letter to the Homeland Security Secretary expressing concerns over new rules for privately owned aircraft over 12,500 pounds, which critics feared would further burden the already hurting private aviation industry and in turn the local communities where the small aircraft are manufactured in Kansas.

Stimulus spending
Tiahrt voted against the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and spoke against the stimulus in the House, planning to introduce an act to repeal the stimulus.

Personal life
Tiahrt and his wife Vicki met while attending Evangel University. They have three children, Jessica, John and Luke, and five grandchildren. Jessica Tiahrt Healy graduated from George Mason University School of Law and is an attorney at the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. John Tiahrt graduated from Wichita State University. On July 24, 2004, the Tiahrts' youngest child, sixteen year-old Luke, died of an apparent suicide at the family home in Virginia. The family established the Luke Tiahrt Memorial Fund to provide grants to organizations that benefits teenagers.

Electoral history

 * 2017 Republican Convention for Kansas 4th District
 * Ron Estes, 66 votes, 2nd Ballot
 * Alan Cobb, 43 votes
 * Todd Tiahrt, 17 votes
 * 2014 Republican primary race for Kansas 4th District
 * Mike Pompeo (inc), 42,877 votes, 63%
 * Todd Tiahrt, 25,501 votes, 37%
 * 2010 Republican primary race for U.S. Senator – Kansas
 * Jerry Moran, 160,620 votes, 50%
 * Todd Tiahrt, 144,221 votes, 45%
 * 2008 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R), (inc.) 64%
 * Donald Betts (D), 32%
 * 2006 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R), (inc.) 64%
 * Garth McGinn (D), 34%
 * 2004 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R), (inc.) 66%
 * Michael Kinard (D), 31%
 * 2002 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R), (inc.) 61%
 * Carlos Nolla (D), 37%
 * 2000 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R), (inc.) 54%
 * Carlos Nolla (D), 42%
 * Steven Rosile (L), 4%
 * 1998 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R) (inc.) 58%
 * Jim Lawing (D) 39%
 * Craig Newland (T) 3%
 * 1996 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R), (inc.) 50%
 * Randy Rathbun (D), 47%
 * 1994 race for Kansas 4th District
 * Todd Tiahrt (R) 53%
 * Dan Glickman (D), (inc.) 47%

title: Todd Tiahrt


text:
RPL

RPL may refer to:

Public Safety

 * Registured Public Safety Leader (RPL) Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International

Medicine and biology

 * Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: recurrent miscarriages

Computing

 * Raptor Lake series Intel CPUs
 * Real-time Programming Language
 * Reciprocal Public License
 * Remote Program Load, a network boot protocol
 * RPL (programming language) for HP calculators 1984–2015
 * Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks, a networking protocol

Other uses

 * Ramped Powered Lighter, a British landing craft
 * Recognition of prior learning, to evaluate learning outside the classroom
 * Reichspropagandaleitung der NSDAP, propaganda department of the Nazi Party
 * Recycled plastic lumber
 * Richmond Public Library, in British Columbia, Canada.
 * Russian Premier League, association football league

title: RPL


text:
Martin Atkins

Martin Clive Atkins (born 3 August 1959) is an English drummer, best known for his work in post-punk and industrial groups including Public Image Ltd, Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, Pigface, and Killing Joke. He also works as a consultant, has written multiple books on the music industry, and is the music industry studies coordinator at Millikin University in Decatur, IL. Atkins is the owner and operator of the Museum of Post Punk and Industrial Music in Chicago, is an honorary board member of the Chicago-based nonprofit organization Rock For Kids, and a fellow of In Place of War.

Early life
Atkins was born in Coventry, England.

1979–1985
Atkins' first major exposure as a drummer was with John Lydon's post-Sex Pistols band, Public Image Ltd. He joined in 1979, just in time to contribute to the song "Bad Baby" on the album Metal Box. Atkins' first live show with PiL was recorded and released as a live album Paris au Printemps and his first year with the band included appearances on The John Peel Sessions for the BBC, American Bandstand and the BBC's live Old Grey Whistle Test.

In 1980, Atkins left Public Image Ltd to concentrate on his band Brian Brain with Pete Jones (who also played with Public Image Ltd in 1982 and 1983) on bass (in 1983 replaced by original Go-Gos' bassist Margot Olavarria) and Bobby Surgeoner on guitar (later replaced by Olavarria's husband, Geoff Smyth). Named after the Worcestershire and Gloucestershire seam bowler Brian Brain, the band released six singles and one LP (Unexpected Noises) on Secret Records, and continued to release singles and LPs on Atkins' own Plaid Records throughout the 1980s. The band had a minor indie chart hit in 1980 with "They've Got Me in the Bottle" (#39), and club hits with the singles "Jive Jive" (1981) and "Funky Zoo" (1982).

Atkins was hired in late 1980 by Public Image Ltd to perform on The Flowers of Romance, drumming on four tracks. In 1982 he re-joined as a full-time band member, co-producing and co-writing the album This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get. Atkins left PiL for the last time in 1985.

1985–2005
After leaving Public Image Ltd, Atkins revived his Brian Brain project and recorded an EP at Planet Sound Studios in New York for his own, short-lived label Plaid Records, which was released in July 1985. Throughout the late 1980s, the 1990s and early 2000s, Atkins performed with many bands, including Nine Inch Nails (appearing in the video for "Head Like A Hole"), as well as Ministry. The dual-drumming of Atkins and Bill Rieflin appears on the live Ministry album/video In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up. Atkins later joined Killing Joke, performing on 1990s Extremities, Dirt, and Other Repressed Emotions. He also managed the band for that time, and designed their live show scenery and some merchandise.

Atkins formed his industrial supergroup, Pigface, during a Ministry tour in 1989–1990. After joining Killing Joke for their 1990 recording, Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions, he went on to form Murder, Inc., a new band featuring Geordie Walker and Paul Raven from Killing Joke, and Chris Connelly, in 1992. During this time, he played with the Revolting Cocks and is credited alongside Chris Vrenna in Nine Inch Nails for performing extra drums on "Wish" and "Gave Up," tracks two and six of the Broken EP (as well as the aforementioned "Head Like A Hole").

In between creating albums and touring with Pigface he also formed The Damage Manual with Jah Wobble, Walker, and Connelly. Atkins later produced and released a collaborative album with Skinny Puppy's Nivek Ogre, the latter's first project outside of Skinny Puppy, under the moniker Rx. The resulting album was entitled Bedside Toxicology.

Between 2000 and 2002 he released four albums as Opium Jukebox featuring instrumental cover tunes done in a Bhangra style.

2006–present
In October 2006, Atkins visited Beijing to discover the emerging Chinese music scene. During his stay, Atkins recorded and signed a handful of Chinese bands to Invisible Records and recorded material for a new Pigface album.

Atkins has taught at Columbia College in Chicago where he instructed the course "The Business of Touring". He is also an active guest lecturer, speaking at such institutions as the University of Southern California, the Midi School in Beijing and Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pennsylvania. Atkins has since become an instructor at the Madison Media Institute in Madison, Wisconsin. Atkins has announced plans to take his lecturing further by eventually opening a school of his own. He is also a former department chairman for a music business program he designed at SAE Chicago. He now is the acting Music Business program coordinator at Millikin University in Decatur, IL.

Atkins has held a number of seminars at Tech Music Schools (Drumtech, Vocaltech, Guitar-X and Keyboardtech) in London, with more planned for the future.

Atkins has written what he calls "the first real book on touring". The book Tour:Smart, featured contributions from Henry Rollins, Cynthia Plastercaster, The Enigma, the Suicide Girls, Zim Zum (formerly of Marilyn Manson), Kevin Lyman, Curse Mackey, CPA Lisa Malina and various other managers, journalists, venues, agents, sponsors, and radio personalities.

Atkins was on the tenth annual Independent Music Awards judging panel, and was also a judge for the seventh annual season of Independent Music Awards to support independent artists.

Starting in 2015, Atkins has written and performed several podcast stories for The Martin Atkins Minute, included with the NPR All Songs Considered podcast.

In 2018 Martin released Band:Smart, the follow-up to his Tour:Smart book. This book covers record labels, book agents, crafting a stage show, band names, social media and lots more.

In 2021, Martin opened Chicago's "Museum of Post Punk and Industrial Music" documenting the history of the two movements with over 3000 items and ephemera. Displays include handwritten lyrics by Trent Reznor for Pigface, Martin's drum set, vintage rarities from Skinny Puppy, and a myriad of other rare items from the history of Industrial music.

In 2022, Martin was also inducted by Brian Eno as a fellow of In Place of War, a global organization that uses creativity in places of conflict as a tool for positive change.

Discography

 * with Public Image Ltd
 * 1979: Metal Box ("Bad Baby" only)
 * 1980: Paris au Printemps (live)
 * 1981:  The Flowers of Romance
 * 1983:  Live in Tokyo (live)
 * 1984: This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get
 * with Brian Brain
 * 1987: Time Flies When You're Having Toast

 * with Ministry
 * 1990: In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up (live)
 * with Killing Joke
 * 1990: Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions
 * with Pigface

 * Gub (1991)
 * Fook (1992)
 * Notes From Thee Underground (1994)
 * A New High in Low (1997)
 * Easy Listening... (2003)
 * 6 (2009)
 * with Nine Inch Nails
 * 1992:  Broken (EP)
 * with Swans
 * 1995: The Great Annihilator ("My Buried Child" only)

title: Martin Atkins


text:
DuckTales 2

DuckTales 2 is a platform video game developed and published by Capcom. It is a sequel to the original DuckTales based on the Disney animated series of the same name. It was released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in early 1993. The title was ported to the Game Boy handheld system in Japan and North America at the end of the year.

The game was included in The Disney Afternoon Collection compilation for PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One released in April 2017.

Gameplay
Like its predecessor, DuckTales 2 is non-linear and allows the player to choose and complete all levels in any particular order. The controls are the same as the previous game, albeit the cane jump is easier to perform. Scrooge can now use his cane to interact with various objects, such as pulling levers, firing cannons and using springy flowers to cross large gaps. Other new mechanics include hooks that Scrooge can hang from and rafts that can move Scrooge across water.

Unlike the first game, the player can return to a level that has already been completed to collect more money and items. In addition, upgrades for Scrooge's cane can be obtained from Gyro Gearloose to grant the player access to new and hidden areas in each level. When a level is completed, the player can visit a store to buy recovery items, extra lives, and other such items using any money the player has collected.

In addition to the unique treasures, each stage has a piece of the map that is hidden in a treasure chest. Locating all of the map pieces is not required to complete the game, but collecting all of them opens up an optional sixth stage in which the lost treasure of McDuck can be found.

Plot
As the game opens, Huey runs to his uncle Scrooge McDuck with a torn piece of paper, which is a piece of a treasure map drawn by Fergus McDuck. Inspired to discover the hidden treasure left by Fergus, Scrooge starts an expedition to find the missing pieces, unaware that his archenemy Flintheart Glomgold is also after the lost treasure of McDuck.

Scrooge travels to Niagara Falls, a pirate ship in the Bermuda Triangle, Mu, Egypt and Scotland. Each area has its own unique treasure that is guarded by a boss. After all five main stages are cleared, Webby is kidnapped by Glomgold and held for ransom on the pirate ship in the Bermuda Triangle. Scrooge arrives and gives Glomgold the treasures, only to discover that this "Glomgold" is actually a shapeshifting robot called the D-1000 programmed to destroy him. After the D-1000 is defeated, Glomgold sinks the ship and tries to take Scrooge and the treasures with it.

Scrooge and Webby escape the ship, but the treasures go down with the vessel. Despite the loss, Scrooge admits that at least he and his family are safe and that their friendship is what truly matters. The treasures are recovered by Launchpad, cheering everybody up. If the lost treasure of McDuck was found, Scrooge reveals that he hid it from Glomgold by putting it under his hat. However, if the player has no money left at all, a bad ending plays in which Glomgold finds the lost treasure and is named the greatest adventurer in the world, which infuriates Scrooge.

Reception
DuckTales 2's limited production run and relatively late release in June 1993, near the end of the Nintendo Entertainment System's life cycle, led to lower sales than its predecessor, and has become a rarity amongst collectors. The console version was generally well-received, with Nintendo Power praising the title's "great play control and graphics", but remarked that it was "more of the same" when compared to the original. GamePro similarly felt that "if it's more of the same you want, DuckTales 2 delivers", adding that the game "is fun while it lasts, but it's too short", nonetheless recommending it to new players.

The Game Boy version was panned by editors of Electronic Gaming Monthly, remarking that it only had "so-so" graphics and "OK" control, and didn't live up to Capcom's previous handheld titles such as the Mega Man games. GamePro, however, felt that the game was a faithful port of the console version, applauding its "sharp, clean graphics, innovative gameplay and engrossing storyline".

title: DuckTales 2


text:
User talk:Twiin

Hey Twiin, you still planning on doing a rewrite of industrial music? As a long-time fan of the genre, I find your proposed categorization on the talk page to be a lot more reasonable than what's currently there. There's a huge disagreement over what the genre "really" is, of course, but I think any taxonomy that completely omits bands like Cabaret Voltaire, Einstuerzende Neubauten, Coil, and Nurse With Wound has some problems. Yours at least is better in that respect. --Delirium 16:36, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:SkinnyPuppy-TooDarkPark.jpg)
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of File:Pneumatic.jpg

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Hello
Ella Dawn 	 20:42, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

Pupper-o
--Jesshmitchell (talk) 20:47, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Ant-Zen for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Ant-Zen is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Ant-Zen until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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title: User talk:Twiin


text:
Dennis Moore (politician)

Dennis Moore (November 8, 1945 – November 2, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer, a "Blue Dog" centrist who served for six terms as a U.S. Representative for KS's 3rd congressional district, from 1999 until 2011. He was a member of the Kansas Democratic Party.

He and Sharice Davids have been the only two Kansas Democrats to serve in Congress since January 2009.

Early life and education
Moore was born in 1945 in Anthony in southcentral Harper County, Kansas. He attended the University of Kansas, from which he earned a bachelor's degree, and was briefly enrolled at Southern Methodist University. He received a Juris Doctor degree from Washburn University School of Law in Topeka, Kansas.

Career
Moore served in the United States Army before becoming Assistant Kansas Attorney General. After a period in private practice, he was elected District Attorney in northeast Johnson County, serving in that capacity from 1977 to 1989. While a defense attorney at the practice of Moriarty, Erker & Moore, he represented Debora Green when she was charged with murder in 1995. The case ended in 1996 with Green pleading no contest to the charges.

Moore was first elected to the United States House in 1998, defeating the Republican incumbent, Vince Snowbarger. The district had traditionally elected moderate Republicans, but Snowbarger's unyielding conservatism caused many voters to shift to Moore. He thus became the first Democrat to represent the district in 37 years, after Democrat Newell A. George lost re-election to Republican Robert Fred Ellsworth, when it was the 2nd District. (It was renumbered the 3rd District by 1963.)

Moore faced Republican conservative Phill Kline in 2000. He narrowly held his seat, taking 50% of the vote. His margin of victory was fairly close believed to be due to George W. Bush's strong performance in the district. In 2002, he won another close race, this time against moderate Republican Adam Taff, an airline pilot. In 2004, Moore defeated law professor Kris Kobach, another conservative, in the general election, with 55% of the vote.

In the 2006 Congressional election, Moore successfully defended his seat against Republican Chuck Ahner, winning with 64% of the vote, a much larger margin than he had in the past.

In August 2007, Republican State Senator Nick Jordan of Shawnee announced he would challenge Moore for the 3rd District seat in 2008. Moore defeated Jordan by a vote of 56% to 40%.

On November 23, 2009, it was reported that after six terms, Dennis Moore would not seek re-election in 2010, when he would turn 65 years old. Moore's wife, Stephene Moore, became the Democratic nominee. She lost the election to Republican State Representative Kevin Yoder. The district was not represented by a Democrat again until 2019 after it was taken by Native American attorney Sharice Davids.

U.S. House of Representatives
While in office Moore represented Kansas's 3rd congressional district, the state's smallest and most affluent, which includes most of the Kansas side of the Kansas City metropolitan area, including Kansas City, Overland Park, Olathe, Shawnee, Lenexa and De Soto. During his early tenure the university town of Lawrence was located in the third district but was later redistricted to the 2nd District.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on the Budget
 * Committee on Financial Services
 * Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
 * Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations (Chairman)
 * Committee on Small Business
 * Subcommittee on Finance and Tax

Moore was the policy co-chair for the Blue Dog Coalition in the 110th Congress and a member of the New Democrat Coalition.

Budget, spending, and taxes
In 2005–2006, Representative Moore supported the interests of Citizens for Tax Justice, an organization supporting fair taxes for middle and low-income families and the closing of corporate tax loopholes, 83% of the time.

In 2007, the National Taxpayers Union, an organization favoring a flat tax or a national sales tax, gave Representative Moore its rating of F for his 4% rating. The NTU explains "A score significantly below average qualifies for a grade of 'F.' This failing grade places the Member into the 'Big Spender' category." Representative Moore did not support the agenda of the National Tax Limitation Committee and was given a rating of 0 percent in 2007–2008.

National security
In 2007–2008 the Center for Security Policy, a Washington, D.C. think tank that focuses on national security issues, gave Representative Moore a rating of 25%. Their Congressional Scorecard cites Representative Moore for voting against the CSP position on 18 of 24 key votes. Specifically, Rep. Moore voted to limit Iraq war funding, limit surveillance to FISA guidelines, and vote against Missile Defense funding.

Military
Representative Moore sponsored HR 5055, which would have raised the death gratuity paid to the family of a soldier who died in combat from $12,000 to $50,000. This amount was raised again to $100,000 and was added to "The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror and Tsunami Relief Act 2005" and signed into law as Public Law 109-13 on May 11, 2005.

Representative Moore sponsored House Resolution 387 in 2003, calling on the Department of Defense to cover all travel costs for troops from Iraq and Afghanistan granted leave under the Rest & Recuperation Program. The legislation was added to the Department of Defense Supplemental Spending Bill of 2004 and is now law.

Property rights
For 2007, with points assigned for actions in support of or in opposition to American Land Rights Association position, Representative Moore received a rating of 8 (out of 100). He received an 8% rating for voting on 11 of 12 key votes in opposition to the "Private Property Position".

Gun control
Through 2003, Representative Moore supported the interests of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence 88% of the time.

In 2008, the NRA Political Victory Fund gave Representative Moore a grade of F, in its scorecard for candidates seeking office in 2008. In 2007 the organization Gun Owners of America gave Representative Moore a rating of F.

Women's issues
Representative Moore was pro-choice and had a 100% rating with NARAL.

In 2007, Representative Moore voted with the League of Women Voters 100% of the time. The League of Women Voters presented Moore with the Making Democracy Work Award in 2010.

For 2007–2008, with points assigned for actions in support of or in opposition to National Right to Life Committee position, Representative Moore received a rating of 0. Representative Moore earned the rating of zero by voting against the Right-To-Life positions during his entire political career.

Environment and animal protection
The environmental watchdog group League of Conservation Voters gave Moore a score of 92% for 2006, citing pro-environment votes on eleven out of twelve issues deemed critical by the organization. The League praised Moore for supporting right-to-know legislation regarding the Toxics Release Inventory program, the Clean Water Act, and energy and weatherization assistance for low-income families, as well as for opposing oil drilling offshore and in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, opposing salvage logging, opposing logging roads in Alaska's Tongass National Forest, and for opposing measures designed to expedite the production of new oil refineries.

The Animal Welfare Institute a national animal protection organization founded in 1951 gave Representative Moore consistently high marks for supporting various animal protection issues on its Compassion Index.

Representative Moore received a rating of 91% in the 109th Congress, a 100% rating in the 110th Congress and a 78% in the 111th Congress.

Electoral history

 * 1998: defeated incumbent Vince Snowbarger 52%–48%
 * 2000: defeated Phill Kline 50%–47%
 * 2002: defeated Adam Taff 50%–47%
 * 2004: defeated Kris Kobach 55%–43%
 * 2006: defeated Chuck Ahner 64%–34%
 * 2008: defeated Nick Jordan 56%–40%

Health and death
In June 2011, Moore was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease at the St. Luke's Neuroscience Institute. His father also had the disease. After announcing the diagnosis the following year, Moore and his wife Stephene continued to be public about it, and Stephene has become a national advocate for families struggling with Alzheimer's disease.

On November 2, 2021, Moore died from cancer, aged 75, at a care facility in Overland Park, Kansas, where he had lived for the previous three years.

title: Dennis Moore (politician)


text:
Talk:Juvenile delinquency

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 26 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Tbyrd10.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:32, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2019 and 9 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Meaganitaa.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2021 and 20 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: AnonymousMaryland.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:32, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Row sal. Peer reviewers: Adrianecohen.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:33, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Possible vandalism and fix
In the first section the word "jucie" was in the text. This appears to be vandalism so I removed it, but it may be real. Could someone please take a second look at this edit? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.103.35.72 (talk) 17:26, 8 July 2016 (UTC)

Disambiguation of the term juvenile
I am working on the disambiguation list for the term juvenile. I hesitate to make any change to this page relating to the term because I don't believe that we have a precise definition. My choices on the disambiguation page for juvenile are child or adolescent. It appears to me that a link to one or the other of these is probably not precise. I believe that the actual definition should include both. I think that we probably need a topic that actually provides a legal definition for the term juvenile. IANAL, so, I'm not inclined to tackle the topic.

Crackerbelly

[-Ed] Both of these scholars have good theories as to why crime is committed and the factors that lead to the crime. Where they differ is one beliefs that crime is related to becoming poor, and the other believes that crime is due to lack of self control which is learned at the home. This puts us in a conundrum! At what point to we believe these theories. If abuse, neglect, alienation from school, race, and class all play a role in what influences juvenile delinquency then where do people, parents, social institutions begin to alleviate the ever growing problem of deviance in our society. I feel as though we need to start form the very top and make sure that neglect, abuse, and race are not filtering throuch our public institutions that we have set up for children shuch as schools, clubs, sports. What is overwhelming to think about is the fact that we will never be able to stop physical abuse in the home if it is not known about. I believe that we need to advocate that it is okay to discuss with teachers and counelors that something might be going on in the home. It is only at this level that we will be able to get to the bottom of the problem and stop it before it starts.

 * This is a great start to an important issue. I would like to raise the topic of color. Is there evidence to show that color is a factor in delinquency? Why is our system flooded with minorities? Are we, as a society, saying that minorites are the only juvenile delinquents?

Cvangelbeauty

age of juvenile delinquency
I think there should be a reference in here from which age on juveniles can receive a penalty for committing a crime. --85.74.164.156 20:24, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Kids Next Door???
Is it really neccesary to have that here?

There's waaay to many juvenile delinquents in fiction to be named anyway (it's a common theme) cobshighlander writes. but its quite good that we identify them and find the rememdies to the problem. currently i am trying to find out if the the level of moral development of juvenile delinquents are the same, higher or lower than the that of normal children and i hope this will help my country to tackle the problem well. to be precise the kids next door might be just troublesome one time or the other but here we are trying to identify the actual crime committing ones like a child that has even killed, fought someone and bitten off her breast, cashed out his or her masters wealth and others. these are the ones we are talking of and not the ones who playfully cross your path with a bicycle when you are driving home etc. lets be conscious of the way we label the kids next door for they might be the next rulers of the our country etc.

Juvenile Sexual Offenders
It is necessary to add information pertaining to juvenile sexual offenders as they fall within the category of delinquency. The OJJDP provides data on the prevalence of sexual offense occurrences in juveniles. It is also important to note the evidenced based interventions that are widely used to treat this group. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.253.50.16 (talk) 15:23, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Weasel words
I take exception to these claims:
 * Millions of tax dollars are expended each year to cover the costs of law enforcement, legal proceedings, victim assistance, and offender incarceration. A number of studies have found that prevention costs much less than the effects of delinquency itself.
 * The facts are that less that 1 percent of all criminal cases involve juveniles.

 * Many states have caught hold of this vision and have allocated funds for programs that serve an at-risk youth.
 * That is not why there are some programs for at-risk youth. The programs exist because of the influence of a very few dedicated persons. The public, which means the government as well, generally does not give a damn because juvenile delinquency is not a highly visible problem. Since I am not a so-called expert, my first-hand knowledge cannot be used directly in an article. However, I know how the system works. I know how perverts are attracted for employment in the juvenile corrections industry, and how they get away with rape and child abuse. They do this because nobody cares. Persons who are called juvenile delinquents are this country's throwaway children. They are disposed of in juvenile detention and correctional institutions as meat for the insatiable appetites of those who work in the industry.
 * There are juvenile delinquents because children cannot chose their parents, the places they will live, the schools they attend, the persons they encounter, nor the things they learn. Interested persons should read my book. http://www.LymanSchool.com is a link to read about it and possibly purchase a copy. -- LymanSchool 03:54, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism on this page?
"Juvenile Delinquency may refer ... inside influences that are believed to affect the way a child acts both POTATOES, some of which are as follows:

* Abandonment * Social institutions * Peer pressure volunteering in Fire Corps makes it impossible to get in trouble.

The page appears this way when first accessed - however, the added ridiculous parts (emboldened by me) are missing or altered to sensible text when I come to edit the page. What strange vandalism is at work here? Thurble 13:22, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

There appears to be another act of vandalism on this page. It reads now, at 19:22 est 7 December 2007: "poop-- can be driven to juvenile deliquency if neglected, abandoned or abused" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.175.67.50 (talk) 00:27, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Clarification
The act created the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) within the Justice Department to administer grants for juvenile crime-combatting programs (currently about only 900,00 dollars a year), gather national statistics on juvenile crime, fund research on youth crime and administer four anticonfinement mandates regarding juvenile custody. Can someone fix the bold part of the phrase, as it makes no logical sense. Is it 900,000 or 90,000? Bladesofhalo 02:59, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Article cleanup
I just cleaned up the article's syntax, added some information, and added references. Cheers ---LymanSchool 23:12, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This user, 216.124.244.139 decided to remove a reference. I put it back! Gawd, an article can't remain intact for a hour before somebody trashes it. --LymanSchool 00:51, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

 * made a few citation and grammatical corrections also, please feel free to change anything i may have incorrectly changed or that i missed. Bladesofhalo 19:56, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

'''DelinquencyPrevention.Org is a website which sells books and makes money off of Google Adsense and the like. Why is it listed as a reference and external link? 22 November 2007''' It also deals with status offenses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.113.3.66 (talk) 16:54, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Why is delinquencyprevention.org being restored to the external links when he has been banned several times for spamming Wikipedia? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.167.155.40 (talk) 10:26, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

There are references in the main article - shouldn't they be at the bottom in footnotes? It's just a query, I'm not sure.

Could someone have a look at the Juvenile Sex Offenses section at the beginning of the article? The English is *terrible*. I'd try and correct it myself but I wouldn't know where to begin. Why is that section at the beginning anyway? iPhil (talk) 22:18, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Proposal to Edit the 'Juvenile Delinquency in the US' Page
I propose to make edits to the current page titled ‘Juvenile Delinquency in the US’. Seeing as how important this issue is in America, I think the page is lacking a lot of important information. I plan to add the following sections: introduction to juvenile delinquency, recent statistics, the cradle to prison pipeline, and the juvenile justice debate, and preventing juvenile delinquency. It is very important to educate the Wikipedia world on this topic, and to show how much room there is for improvement. Showing the room for improvement, this page might have the ability of enacting social change and changing future generations of children for the better.MariaNunez (talk) 04:14, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

Editing
Hi, I'm a psychology student and will be editing the juvenile delinquency page. I will be adding the most recent information concerning juvenile delinquency theories and looking at it from a developmental perspective. Acanizar (talk) 01:10, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

Hi once again, I have finished editing the the juvenile delinquency page. I did not edit the section on Juvenile sex crimes, and for that reason placed it at the end of the article with a note that the references and statistics it quotes should be checked by the wikipedia community. Acanizar (talk) 08:06, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

contradiction in terms
Juvenile delinquent is a contradiction in terms. Delinquent means failing in duty. But duty is an adult virtue - indeed a juvenile becomes an adult when, and only when, he acquires a knowledge of duty and embraces it as dearer than the self-love he was born with. There never was, there cannot be, a juvenile delinquent. ☭  тдлжЅТЦФФ 17:11, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Just because a character in Starship Troopers asserted that doesn't make it true. "Delinquent" doesn't just mean "failing in duty" - etymologically it means "to fail; be wanting, fall short; do wrong, transgress, offend", and in general use it just means "tending to commit crime, particularly minor crime".  And "duty" isn't inherently an exclusively "adult" virtue - many (possibly most) cultures and jurisdictions impose legal and/or moral obligations on children before they reach the age of majority. Iapetus (talk) 11:59, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

Globalize?
Nearly all data on this page are from a U.S. perspective. Should a "Juvenile delinquency in the U.S." article be created, or can this article be globalized? I edited just one fact in the "sex crimes" section, but that is really just a tiny beginning. Cheers. Prof.Vandegrift (talk) 20:36, 11 September 2013 (UTC)

Editorial Tag
I put an editorial tag in. I am a wiki noob, and just googled how to do that. I have no idea how to fix the actual text so it doesn't read this way.

>>

There is also a significant skew in the racial statistics for juvenile offenders. When considering these statistics, which state that black and Hispanic teens are more likely to commit juvenile offenses it is important to keep the following in mind,from poverty to low parental monitoring, harsh parenting, and association with gangs, all of which are in turn associated with juvenile offending. The majority of adolescents who live in poverty are young black men, '''and for me it's sad to even have to say that it's not fair to anyone but why we have to put black men in this category. We as adults or our own community need to be more involved with our youths keep them off the streets offer more after school programs, the streets is were it all starts they see their fathers or older brothers making quick money so they want to follow but it only gets you in prison or dead. I see this first hand in my city. The most recent was an RTA driver got shot by some teenagers they quoted you have to kill a polar bear to be a full gang member, well the driver was a white man and he was shot three times and lived'''. hapter=Developmental criminology and risk-focused prevention |editor1-first=M. |editor1-last=Maguire |editor2-last=et al. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Criminology |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0199256098 }} Also, minorities who offend, even as adolescents, are more likely to be arrested and punished more harshly by the law if caught.[13] Particularly concerning a non-violent crime and when compared to white adolescents. While poor minorities are more likely to commit violent crimes, one third of affluent teens report committing violent crimes.[2]

Age of First Arrest
Curious...the article makes a claim that the age of first arrest for juvenile delinquents is declining and quotes a textbook by Steinberg. I don't have access to the Steinberg text to verify the claim. It may very well be true, but I had difficulty finding other references to it. I wonder, too if it may be out-of-date. It looks like juvenile arrests peaked in the early to mid 1990s and have declined significantly since then (I added a note about that to the article). It's still possible that we may be seeing earlier first arrest age due to things like zero-tolerance policies (and added a ref about that I found)...but could someone point me to some clearer data on this from a reliable source? Otherwise the claim may be poorly sourced. StoneProphet11 (talk) 03:19, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

Adrianecohen (talk) 15:38, 25 October 2018 (UTC)Adrianecohen (10/25/18 11:38am)

Editing Assignment
Hello, I am a student taking abnormal psychology and I will be editing the Prevention section of the juvenile delinquency page. I am adding information about the Scared Straight Intervention Treatment and discussing the contradictory effects of this treatment. Bpwell (talk) 20:21, 7 December 2014 (UTC)

sourcing comments
This article has information that I believe needs further elaboration in order to make it sound unbiased. I plan to add additional information pertaining to juvenile delinquency/race in Canada as well as edit grammatical errors. http://www.jstor.org.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/stable/pdf/2966235.pdf?acceptTC=true July.love30 (talk) 16:11, 12 March 2015 (UTC)

Esbensen, F., Freng, A., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. (2010). Youth violence: sex and race differences in	offending, victimization and gang membership. Philidelphia: Temple University Press

Office of juvenile justice. (2014). Statistical briefing book: law enforcement and juvenile crime. Retrieved	March 2nd, 2015, from	http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/JAR.asp

Owusu-Bempah, A. (2013). Race, crime and criminal justice in Canada. Retrieved March 2nd, 2015 from academia.edu July.love30 (talk) 22:05, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

July.love30 (talk) 20:46, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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This article is linked to a few WikiProjects. The highest rated one is rated C-Class of mid-importance for WikiProject Correction and Detention Facilities. There are also 3 other WikiProjects: WikiProject Psychology, WikiPorject Crime, and WikiProject Sociology which are all rated Start-class. All of these ratings are on the higher end of quality for the Wikipedia ratings scale.--Amjfish (talk) 22:59, 30 January 2018 (UTC)

Removal of content
The content i removed does not belong in the types section. Either keep it removed or move it and add sources.

Thanks --208.59.120.66 (talk) 14:29, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

 * This is what the IP removed. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 15:23, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

Interested in Editing
Hello, I am a student at Rice University currently enrolled in the Poverty, Justice, and Human Capabilities minor. I am considering revising this article for my semester project. Here are some of my thoughts. For more detailed information feel free to visit my user page.

- Add information in school to prison pipeline and the educational impacts - Reorganize the article for a clearer line of thought - Change the title to indicate that the article is more US-focused.

Examples of future references can also be found on my user page. Feel free to comment any suggestions or advice! Mkhurley19 (talk) 07:18, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

Proposed Edits
After reviewing the article, here are the main edits that I believe will enhance the quality of this article. I intend to address each of these areas of revision when editing this article.

- Add information in school to prison pipeline and the educational impacts

- Reorganize the article for a clearer line of thought

- Add information on delinquency centers and link this article to other relevant ones.

For a more comprehensive overview of my proposed edits and potential sources, feel free to visit my talk page. Mkhurley19 (talk) 02:34, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Edits Made to Risk Factors Section
I have edited the risk factor section and intend to make this into two distinct sections, "Personality factors" and "Situational Factors". I changed the heading of the section to Situational Factors to reflect the changes I will continue to make. Additionally, I revised the information on parenting syles to reflect current research and edited for grammatical and neutrality purposes. For more information on the ways I am planning to contribute to this article, feel free to visit my sandbox and user page. Mkhurley19 (talk) 23:06, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Schools and prisons
you've added some content that implies it's based on reliable sources, but did not include any actual citations to those sources. Please add those citations, and you can read Help:Referencing for beginners if you need assistance. Also, it seems like you may have missed the end of your last sentence. -- Fyrael (talk) 14:37, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

Juvenile jail
Juvenile deliquent has a separate ambiance.They treated different as compared to other criminals.They have separate jail named as BORSTAL JAIL. 119.155.60.109 (talk) 15:26, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: EDT 251 - Research Skills and Strategies
As part of my course assignment I have updated the first paragraph of this article to include more information and updated information. Additionally, citations and links have been incorporated to support the data that has been added. A few outdated citations were removed due to the rewriting. JB3R2BOO (talk) 22:03, 30 April 2022 (UTC)≤

Proposed merge of Young offender into Juvenile delinquency
wide overlap between act and actor. fgnievinski (talk) 03:30, 3 August 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 16:48, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Crime and Media
— Assignment last updated by Dmaccartney (talk) 18:32, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

209.6.97.101 (talk) 21:22, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

 * 0
 * 6 7 8 9 209.6.97.101 (talk) 22:48, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Juvenile delinquency