text:
Sheriff of Nottingham (position)

The Sheriff of Nottingham was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Nottingham and bringing criminals to justice. For years the post has been directly appointed by the Lord Mayor of Nottingham and in modern times, with the existence of the police force, the position is entirely ceremonial and sustained to boost tourism due to the legendary connection with the fictional Sheriff of Nottingham in the tales of Robin Hood. However, the historical position goes back to Anglo-Saxon times. The office is sometimes confused with that of the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire (that office had previously existed, from 1068 until 1568, as Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests).

Historical
Responsibility for enforcing the law and keeping the peace in Anglo-Saxon England fell to the sheriff or shire-reeve (which is a contraction of the Old English word for county and reeve or greave). Different types of reeves attested before the Conquest include the high-reeve, town-reeve, port-reeve, shire-reeve (predecessor to the sheriff), reeve of the hundred and the reeve in charge of a manor, its post-conquest meaning. England in the early 11th century employed the services of shire reeves to assist in the detection and prevention of crimes. Groups of 10 families or "tithings" under a hundredman (later constable) could call upon them. The reeve of an entire shire was a shire-reeve, predecessor to the sheriff.

After the Norman Conquest, specific counties appointed sheriffs to enforce the law (such as Yorkshire for example), although sometimes the duties of these sheriffs would cross the border of their respective counties. Nottingham would have come under the "High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire" after the Norman Conquest.

The Sheriff during the reign of King John was Philip Marc. Marc was so unpopular that he was specifically mentioned in the Magna Carta, which demanded his removal.

The first Sheriffs of Nottingham
In 1449, the city of Nottingham itself appointed its own sheriff for the first time (although the post was held simultaneously between two men, William Sadler and Thomas Lyng). The sheriffs at that time may have been responsible for "the delivery of prisoners to the courts, the collection of rents and taxes and generally keeping the 'King's Peace'".

From 1450 until 1835, the office was shared between two people, one of whom may have been chosen by the Mayor, the other by the town council. The reversion to a single sheriff was explained by the mayor and aldermen of Lincoln as "Local Government changes" (possibly the Municipal Corporations Act 1835).

Present sheriff
Liaqat Ali was elected Sheriff on May 20, 2024.

Past sheriffs
The office is considered largely ceremonial, expected to attend local events when the monarch is present and promoting the city in tourism and business. There are interviews with Joan Casson, John Hartshorne and Leon Unczur all recent sheriffs, describing the role of the present-day Sheriff of Nottingham. The first female sheriff was appointed in 1931.

List of sheriffs
Source

15th Century

 * 1449/50 William Sadler / Thomas Lyng
 * 1450/51 John Clarke / Richard Bedal
 * 1451/52 John Jowett / John Chaloner
 * 1452/53 Robert Polson / John Holyock
 * 1453/54 Thomas Bradmore / Thomas Smith
 * 1454/55 Thomas Lovatt / Robert Shewood
 * 1455/56 John Peringon / Henry Fisher
 * 1456/57 William Strelly / Richard Hanson
 * 1457/58 Ralph Hall / Henry Higyn
 * 1458/59 No known names
 * 1460/61 Hugh Smith / Thomas Garner
 * 1461/62 John Ody / John Hyne
 * 1462/63 John Mapperley / Roger Hewson
 * 1463/64 Richard Knight / Walter Hilton
 * 1458/59 No known names
 * 1465/66 Richard Ody / John Hardy
 * 1466/67 Richard Burton / John Taverner
 * 1467/68 John Cooke / John Draper
 * 1468/69 Robert Hanson / William Bithway
 * 1469/70 William Barnes / Thomas Woodhouse
 * 1472/73 Thomas Kendal / Richard Mellor
 * 1473/74 John Gotham / John Holyock
 * 1475/76 John Hilton / William Skevyngton
 * 1476/77 William Allyn / John Cowper
 * 1477/78 Walter Watnall / William Hurst
 * 1478/79 Robert Ratcliffe / John Wederley
 * 1479/80 John Clarke / John Alred
 * 1480/81 John Cost / John Wood
 * 1481/82 Thomas Cost / Ralph Hill
 * 1482/83 John Howitt / William Johnson
 * 1483/84 John Mellor / John Burton
 * 1484/85 Thomas Ball / Edward Hilton
 * 1485/86 John Bolton / John Williamson
 * 1486/87 John Turner / William Wright
 * 1487/88 Edmund Milnes / John Sergeant
 * 1488/89 Richard Pyckard / Richard Fisher
 * 1489/90 Richard Essett / Thomas Balderby
 * 1490/91 Thomas Watt / William Congerton
 * 1491/92 Richard Clough / Thomas Clifton
 * 1492/93 Thomas Williamson / William Shirley
 * 1493/94 Robert Coytus / John Pyerson
 * 1494/95 Robert Toft / John Webster
 * 1495/96 John Shaw / Christopher Pickard
 * 1496/97 John Cost / Alexander Elvington
 * 1497/98 John Walton / Alexander Elvington
 * 1498/99 Robert Norwood / Henry Hobbes
 * 1499/1500 William Turner / William Benbow

16th Century

 * 1500/01 Thomas Camworth / John Town
 * 1501/02 John Wilkinson (mayor 1517) / John Fisher
 * 1502/03 John Rose / Thomas Willoughby (mayor 1518)
 * 1503/04 Henry Plumptre / Ranulph Bulkley
 * 1504/05 Nicholas Rodes / James Brasenby
 * 1505/06 William Kirkby (mayor 1523) / William Johnson
 * 1506/07 Richard Caunt / Richard Halton
 * 1507/08 John Hames / Thomas Stables
 * 1507/09 Thomas the Curren
 * 1508/09 William Cost / Thomas Wass
 * 1509/10 William Hegyn / Thomas Mellers (mayor 1529)
 * 1510/11 Thomas Cockayne / William Parmaton (mayor 1527, 1534)
 * 1511/12 Robert Mellers / Thomas Morton
 * 1512/13 Henry Cost / Robert Shemald
 * 1513/14 Richard Lister / Robert Fisher
 * 1514/15 John Doubleday / John Dorand
 * 1515/16 John Yates / Richard Stanley
 * 1516/17 Richard Selyoke / Thomas Hunt
 * 1517/18 Robert Hesilrig (mayor 1539) / Henry Green
 * 1518/19 Robert Rossel / Robert Stables
 * 1519/20 John Alynson (mayor 1540) / Thomas Meryel
 * 1520/21 William Holden / Hugh Oldham
 * 1521/22 Thomas Dokker / Ralph Palmer
 * 1522/23 Robert Lovatt / Robert Moody
 * 1523/24 Thomas Hobbes / Robert Nedham
 * 1524/25 William Warner / Thomas Harpham
 * 1525/26 Henry Shepherd / William Sherpington
 * 1526/27 William Colville / Robert Elton
 * 1527/28 Thomas Gregory / Thomas Dawson (mayor 1547)
 * 1528/29 Richard Richardson / Laurence Wirehorn
 * 1529/30 James Mason / Robert Clattercoats
 * 1530/31 Richard Willoughby / Anthony Garland
 * 1531/32 William Clattercoats / Richard Nedham
 * 1532/33 William Edmondson / Laurence Marriott
 * 1533/34 William Mellers / Randell Bland
 * 1534/35 Humphrey Quernby (mayor 1549) / William Coke
 * 1535/36 Thomas Cockayne / John Smith
 * 1536/37 Richard Bunting / John Collinson
 * 1537/38 John Revell / Thomas Wallis
 * 1538/39 Richard Kyte / John Newbold
 * 1539/40 Robert Freeman / Christopher Stocks
 * 1540/41 Richard Crewe / John Sladen
 * 1541/42 Humphry Byrd / William Foster
 * 1542/43 John Haskett / Nicholas Bonner (mayor 1559, 1565)
 * 1543/44 Henry Wincell / Henry Fosbrooke (mayor 1560, 1566)
 * 1544/45 Richard Alyson / Richard Burton
 * 1545/46 John English / William Goodwin
 * 1546/47 Robert Cockayne / Robert Stanley
 * 1547/48 John Stanley / Edward Crewe
 * 1548/49 John Simpson / John Presse
 * 1549/50 Randolph Glossop / John Gregory (mayor 1561)
 * 1550/51 John Nix / Nicholas Gorstan
 * 1551/52 John Alcocke / John Brownley (mayor 1567)
 * 1552/53 John Elton / Edward Newton
 * 1553/54 John Collin / Walter Dawson
 * 1554/55 Edward Edmundson / Richard Askew
 * 1555/56 Francis Colman / William Gelstrop (mayor 1583, 1590)
 * 1556/57 Hugh Smith / Mathew Hallam
 * 1557/58 Peter Clarke (mayor 1591, 1597) / Robert Burton
 * 1558/59 Henry Dand / Robert Alvey (mayor 1580, 1587, 1594)
 * 1559/60 William Wilson / Thomas Clarke
 * 1560/61 Richard James (mayor 1577) / Thomas Kettering
 * 1561/62 Richard Welsh / James Rawlinson
 * 1562/63 William Ball / Gilbert Scale
 * 1563/64 Robert Jepson / John Parr
 * 1564/65 Thomas Atkinson / George Rotherham
 * 1565/66 Simon Wilson / Robert Marsh
 * 1566/67 William Scott / Henry Sherwood
 * 1567/68 James Hartley / John Townrow
 * 1568/69 Thomas Barwell / Fabian Mellers
 * 1569/70 Thomas Nix / William Glossop
 * 1570/71 Thomas Cadman / William Stansal
 * 1571/72 Robert Cowper / Richard Morhag (mayor 1596, 1603, 1610)
 * 1572/73 William Dodgson / Roger Wood
 * 1573/74 Michael Bell / Henry Brightmore
 * 1574/75 Robert Phipps / William Parlby
 * 1575/76 Nicholas Alvey / William Bell
 * 1576/77 Edmund Burton / Thomas Donycliffe
 * 1577/78 Humphrey Bonner (mayor 1600, 1607) / George Hutchinson
 * 1578/79 George Widdowson / George Curzon
 * 1579/80 Thomas Reeve / Richard Tomlinson
 * 1580/81 Robert York / Simon Pyckard
 * 1581/82 William Pyggin / Roger Wood
 * 1582/83 William Greaves / Richard Hurt (mayor 1602)
 * 1583/84 Robert Smales / Robert Hallam
 * 1584/85 Thomas Huthwaite / Anker Jackson (mayor 1598, 1605, 1612)
 * 1585/86 John Hall / Thomas Wallis
 * 1586/87 Hezekiah Newbold / Henry Dunne
 * 1587/88 John Nodin / Nicholas Sherwin
 * 1588/89 Edward Goodwin / Robert Stables (mayor 1601, 1608)
 * 1589/90 Richard Parleby / Ralph Shaw
 * 1590/91 William Freeman (mayor 1606, 1613) / Nicholas Baguley
 * 1591/92 Edmund Jowett / Leonard Nix (mayor 1617, 1624, 1631)
 * 1592/93 Richard Johnson / Richard Welsh (mayor 1604, 1611)
 * 1593/94 Thomas Drury / Richard Reckless
 * 1594/95 James Martin / William Widdowson
 * 1595/96 William Langford / William Wilson
 * 1596/97 William Kniveton / George Stokely
 * 1597/98 John Scott / William Pinder
 * 1598/99 Francis Rolleston / Henry Alvey
 * 1599/1600 James Hobson / Richard Parker

17th century

 * 1600/01 James Woolfe / John Parker
 * 1601/02 Thomas Hill / Marmaduke Gregory (mayor 1620)
 * 1602/03 Robert Sherwin / James Rotherham
 * 1603/04 William Littlefare / William Hynde
 * 1604/05 Thomas Nix (mayor 1616) / Robert Parker (mayor 1626, 1633)
 * 1605/06 Robert Freeman / Anthony Gamble
 * 1606/07 Richard Reckless / George Riley
 * 1607/08 Thomas Morley / Richard Heald
 * 1608/09 Nicholas Sherwin / John Dalton
 * 1609/10 James Seeley / Richard Hare
 * 1610/11 Lewis Oxley / Stephen Hill
 * 1611/12 George Walker / Henry Baguley
 * 1612/13 William Clark / Pervcival Millington
 * 1613/14 Richard Jowett / John Alvey
 * 1614/15 John Perry / William Ludlam
 * 1615/16 William Ricket / William Hunt
 * 1616/17 Samuel Burrows / William Hunt
 * 1617/18 Michael Cook / Hugh Verden
 * 1618/19 William Gregory / John James
 * 1619/20 Nicholas Mastyn / William Nix
 * 1620/21 Robert Briggs / Edward Morris
 * 1621/22 Gabriel Bateman / Cuthbert Weyn
 * 1622/23 William Parker / Roger Darbyshire
 * 1623/24 William Hopkins / William Lupton
 * 1624/25 Thomas Cook / William Littlefare Jnr.
 * 1625/26 Richard Cowlishaw / John Dodsley
 * 1626/27 William Stanley / Robert Egginton
 * 1627/28 Alexander Staples / Robert Greaves
 * 1628/29 Richard Hardmett (mayor 1635, 1642) / Robert Harris
 * 1629/30 Edward Richards / John Poynton
 * 1630/31 Richard Dring / William Frost
 * 1631/32 Francis Toplady (mayor 1653, 1660) / Richard Hare
 * 1632/33 Gabriel Groves / James Beardsley
 * 1633/34 Edmund Bampton / William Watson
 * 1635/36 William Richards / William Drury (mayor 1640)
 * 1636/37 Thomas Wooley / Richard Turpin
 * 1637/38 Thomas Malin / Henry Miller
 * 1638/39 Joseph Winfield / Thomas Jackson
 * 1639/40 Henry James / Thomas Gamble
 * 1640/41 John Cooper / William Parker
 * 1641/42 John Sherwin / William Sumner
 * 1642/43 John Tomlin / George Alsebrooke
 * 1643/44 Richard Hides / Paul Hooton
 * 1644/45 Thomas Smith / William Bailey
 * 1645/46 John Fillingham / Adrian Garner
 * 1646/47 John Parker / Thomas Huthwaite
 * 1647/48 Richard Whitby / William Riley
 * 1648/49 Thomas Green / Robert Smith
 * 1649/50 John Reckless / Richard Watkinson
 * 1650/51 Joshuah Hill / William Hall
 * 1651/52 Edmund Richards / Robert Malin
 * 1652/53 Robert Saxon / Barnaby Wartnaby
 * 1653/54 Thomas Cooper / Brownlow Eggington
 * 1654/55 Daniel Sulley / Francis Cooke
 * 1655/56 Roger Riley / Richard Smith
 * 1656/57 Richard Crampton / John Smalley
 * 1657/58 William Petty / William Lealand
 * 1658/59 William Parker / John Toplady
 * 1659/60 Isaac Malin / William Drury
 * 1660/61 Samuel Riley / Adrian Cooke
 * 1661/62 Richard Hodgkin / William Burton
 * (superseded by Edward / Greaves)
 * 1662/63 William Toplady / John Greaves
 * 1663/64 Christopher Hall / Gervase Rippon
 * 1664/65 Robert Bate / William Ashers
 * 1665/66 William Sheppard / John Parker
 * 1666/67 Thomas Walker / Roger Riley
 * 1667/68 Robert Kirkby / John Rawson
 * 1668/69 Joseph Clay / Edward White
 * 1669/70 Gervase Wyld* / Samuel Richards*
 * 1670/71 Benjamin Riccards / Ralph Bennet
 * 1671/72 Arthur Riccards / William White
 * 1672/73 Richard Smith / Robert Coulstone
 * 1673/74 William Wilde / John Parker
 * 1674/75 Samuel Smith / Francis Salmon
 * 1675/76 Hugh Walker / Adrian Gamble
 * 1676/77 Thomas Muxlow / Robert Wortley
 * 1677/78 William Coulton / Harold Smyth
 * 1678/79 William Hardy / Robert Hewitt
 * 1679/80 William Woolhouse / Francis Sumners
 * 1680/81 John Sherwin / Samuel Lealand
 * 1681/82 Robert Green / John Malin
 * 1682/83 Robert Peach / John Whitby
 * 1683/84 John Peak / John Huthwaite
 * 1684/85 Thomas Le / John Shipman
 * 1685/86 William Jackson / John Unwin
 * 1686/87 Henry Hardy / Thomas Partridge
 * 1687/88 John Scattergood / Richard Wright
 * 1688/89 Thomas Boote / Samuel Smith
 * 1689/90 Samuel Watkinson / William Cockle
 * 1690/91 William Orme / William Barnes
 * 1691/92 James Huthwaite / Benjamin Green
 * 1692/93 John Hoe / Edward Hickling
 * 1693/94 Samuel Smith / Francis Armstrong
 * 1694/95 John Kitchen / William Barke
 * 1695/96 Roger Radford / Robert Lindley
 * 1696/97 Robert Harrison / John Greaves
 * 1697/98 Thomas James / Robert Allcock
 * 1698/99 Thomas Lovett / John Riccards
 * 1699/1700 Francis Metham / George Frith

18th Century

 * 1700/01 Joseph Cooke / William Bilby
 * 1701/02 Richard Bearn (mayor 1719, 1725) / Alexander Burden
 * 1702/03 John Reynolds / John Collin
 * 1703/04 William Greaves / Theodore Fosbrooke
 * 1704/05 William Johnson / Thomas Hawkesley (mayor 1715)
 * 1705/06 William Drury (mayor 1707)/ Robert Brentnall
 * 1706/07 William Rippon / Francis Smith
 * 1707/08 Lionel Lamb / Thomas White
 * 1708/09 Jacob Tibson / Thomas Fillingham
 * 1709/10 Alvery Dodsley / Matthew Hoyland
 * 1710/11 Robert Hoyes / Thomas Trigge (mayor 1717, 1723)
 * 1711/12 John Sherwin / John Sweetapple
 * 1712/13 Gervase Pilkinton / Joseph Hemus
 * 1713/14 John Huthwaite (mayor 1732) / Bartholomew Hallam
 * 1714/15 Marmaduke Pennell (mayor 1718, 1724) / William Trigge (mayor 1730, 1748)
 * 1715/16 John Newton / William Shepherd
 * 1716/17 Robert Egginton / Laurence Bourne
 * 1717/18 John Radforth / Joseph Walters
 * 1718/19 Jonathon Truman / Richard Smith
 * 1719/20 William Garton / Samuel Poe
 * 1720/21 William Robinson / Edmund Wildbore
 * 1721/22 John Burton / Robert Egginton
 * 1722/23 James Hoe / James Huthwaite
 * 1723/24 Nathaniel Charnels / John Hornbuckle (1743, 1749, 1754)
 * 1724/25 Samuel Harris / John Poe
 * 1725/26 John Morley / William Bilbie Jnr.
 * 1726/27 Richard Wheldon / Roger Radforth
 * 1727/28 John Farnhill / Joseph Inglesant
 * 1728/29 Jonathon Truman Jnr. / Henry Butler
 * 1729/30 John Wood / Samuel Fellows
 * 1730/31 Stephen Egginton / Cornelius Huthwaite (mayor 1757, 1763, 1771)
 * 1731/32 John Foxcroft / John Bilbie
 * 1732/33 Thomas Langford (mayor 1733, 1747, 1753, 1759)/ Lewis Sherwin
 * 1733/34 Isaac Wyld (mayor 1759) / Joseph Finch
 * 1734/35 Francis Parkin / Joseph Smith
 * 1735/36 Joseph Wright / Joseph Bilbie
 * 1736/37 James Dymock / Robert Huish (mayor 1760)
 * 1737/38 Charles Morley / James Hornbuckle (mayor 1761, 1767)
 * 1738/39 Thomas Shaw / Joseph Wright
 * 1739/40 Humphrey Hollins (mayor 1762) / Samuel Wood
 * 1740/41 William Cooper (mayor 1765) / John Sherbrooke
 * 1741/42 Alexander Burden / Benjamin Bull
 * 1742/43 James Huthwaite Jnr. / Robie Swann (mayor 1766)
 * 1743/44 William Goodwin / William Foulds
 * 1744/45 John Killingley / Thomas Haywood
 * 1745/46 John Oldknow / John Sands
 * 1746/47 Thomas Cotes / Thomas Oldknow
 * 1747/48 John Plumptre / William Cotton
 * 1748/49 John Egginton / Humphrey Cox
 * 1749/50 Benjamin Mather / Richard Butler
 * 1750/51 Johnathon Dodson / William Seagrave
 * 1751/52 Thomas Worthington / John Caruthers
 * 1752/53 John Blackwell / Thomas Spilby
 * 1753/54 John Fellows / Thomas Sands
 * 1754/55 William Huthwaite / Robert Seagrave
 * 1755/56 John Mellie / John Inglesant
 * 1756/57 Mark Huish / Alexander Foxcroft
 * 1757/58 John Wilson / Robert Foulds
 * 1758/59 Robert Hall / John Wells
 * 1759/60 John Foxcroft / Joseph Stubbins
 * 1760/61 James Foxcroft / George Dodson
 * 1761/62 John Padley / William Howitt
 * 1762/63 Benjamin Foxcroft / Matthew Whitlock
 * 1763/64 Isaac Wylde / Joseph Lowe
 * 1764/65 Benjamin Hornbuckle / John Sands
 * 1765/66 William Bettison / Benjamin Mather
 * 1766/67 John Doncaster / William Smith
 * 1767/68 Henry Hollins / George Sands
 * 1768/69 Thomas Oldknow Jnr. / Michael Kayes
 * 1769/70 Joseph Heath / Joseph Oldknow
 * 1770/71 Samuel Eaton / John Oldknow
 * 1771/72 William Wells / Henry Green
 * 1772/73 John Wells / Richard Cox
 * 1773/74 George Burbage / John Collishaw
 * 1774/75 Ralph Newman / William Heath
 * 1775/76 Edward Chatteris / Samuel Newham
 * 1776/77 Smith Churchill / Tertius Dale
 * 1777/78 Sir George Smith, Bt / Samuel Statham
 * 1778/79 Samuel Heywood / Robert Summers
 * 1779/80 Samuel Worthington / Samuel Green
 * 1780/81 John Buxton / John Ball Mason
 * 1781/82 John Fellows (mayor 1790) / John Hancock
 * 1782/83 Thomas Caunt (mayor 1794) / Thomas Watson
 * 1783/84 Henry Keyworth / John Need
 * 1784/85 Edward Swann / Alexander Strahan
 * 1785/86 John Heath / George Dodson Jnr.
 * 1786/87 Stokeham Huthwaite / Thomas Hawkesley
 * 1787/88 John Davison / Thomas Nelson
 * 1788/89 Timothy Fellows / William Huthwaite Jnr.
 * 1789/90 Joseph Hurst Lowe / Joseph Heath
 * 1790/91 John Whitlock / Ehlm Samuel Fellows
 * 1791/92 William Doncaster / John Stone
 * 1792/93 Thomas Wylde / Thomas Pepper
 * 1793/94 Nathaniel Whitlock / Thomas Smith
 * 1794/95 Thomas Richards / Henry Green Jnr.
 * 1795/96 John Allen / John Ashwell
 * 1796/97 Thomas Richards / Nathaniel Need Jnr.
 * 1797/98 Cornelius Huthwaite / William Dawson
 * 1798/99 Wright Coldhan / William Wilson
 * 1799/1800 Robert Hall / Jonathan Dunn

19th Century

 * 1800/01 George Nelson / Henry Enfield
 * 1801/02 John Allen / Thomas White
 * 1802/03 William Howitt (mayor 1808) / William Hickling
 * 1803/04 George Nelson / Thomas Williams
 * 1804/05 Charles Lomas Morley (mayor 1815, 1821) / John Houseman Barber (mayor 1817)
 * 1805/06 Charles Mellor / Edward Stavely
 * 1806/07 Octavius Thomas Oldknow (mayor 1822)/ Alexander Strahan
 * 1807/08 John Bates / Wright Coldham (mayor 1809)
 * 1808/09 John Carr / Francis Wakefield Jnr.
 * 1809/10 Kirk Swann / William Morley
 * 1810/11 Charles Wakefield / John Stevens Howitt
 * 1811/12 Isaac Woolley (mayor 1818)/ Samuel Hall
 * 1812/13 Edward Allatt Swann / Alfred Joseph Lowe
 * 1813/14 Charles Lomas Morley / John Michael Fellows
 * 1814/15 John Allen Jnr. / William Soars (mayor 1819)
 * 1815/16 Richard Hopper Jnr. / Thomas Wakefield
 * 1816/17 George Gill / Roger Allen
 * 1817/18 A.T. Fellows / C. Huish
 * 1818/19 N. Barnsdall / John Theaker
 * 1819/20 C. Huish / Mr. Deverills
 * 1820/21 Robert Seals / J. Heard
 * 1821/22 J. Heard / W. Rowarth
 * 1822/23 J. Wells / T. Wilson
 * 1823/24 Henry Leaver / Thomas Guildford
 * 1824/25 F. Hart / James Fellows
 * 1825/26 William Walker / S. H. Swann
 * 1821/22 J. Heard / W. Rowarth
 * 1822/23 J. Wells / T. Wilson
 * 1823/24 Henry Leaver / Thomas Guildford
 * 1824/25 F. Hart / James Fellows
 * 1825/26 William Walker / S. H. Swann
 * 1826/27 William Enfield / Thomas Shipman
 * 1827/28 Samuel Hollins / Kirke Swann
 * 1828/29 Nathaniel Barnsdall / Henry Homer
 * 1829/30 William Cartledge / R. Davison
 * 1830/31 T. Allen / R. C. Barber
 * 1831/32 John Harrison / T. Guildford
 * 1832/33 George Harvey / John Rogers
 * 1833/34 Thomas Roberts / T. Bishop
 * 1834/35 Charles Leavers / John Birkhead
 * 1835/36 Henry Moses Wood
 * 1836/37 George Bacon
 * 1837/38 Benjamin Morley
 * 1838/39 Francis Butcher Gill
 * 1839/40 Johnathon Neville
 * 1840/41 Thomas Roberts Jnr.
 * 1841/42 Thomas Gilbert Carver (mayor 1848)
 * 1842/43 Jonathon Reckless (mayor 1853)
 * 1843/44 William Galloway
 * 1844/45 William Knight
 * 1845/46 Nathan Hurst Jnr.
 * 1846/47 John Barber
 * 1847/48 James Roe
 * 1848/49 Edward Steegman
 * 1849/50 Thomas Ashwell
 * 1850/51 S. Wilmot
 * 1851/52 T. Ball
 * 1852/53 W. Page
 * 1853/54 Anthony John Mundella
 * 1854/55 W. V. Copeland
 * 1855/56 F. E. Shipley
 * 1856/57 C. Felkin
 * 1857/58 W. Bradbury
 * 1858/59 John Manning (mayor 1870)
 * 1859/60 William G. Ward (mayor 1871)
 * 1860/61 William Lambert (mayor 1874)
 * 1865/66 R. B. Bond
 * 1866/67 M. I. Preston
 * 1867/68 G. C. Hill
 * 1868/69 G. C. Hill
 * 1869/70 John W. Bowers (mayor 1876)
 * 1870/71 J. G. Woodward
 * 1871/72 C. A. Boot
 * 1872/73 G. Trevitt
 * 1873/74 James Carver
 * 1874/75 William Sulley
 * 1875/76 John Renals (mayor 1888)
 * 1876/77 Leonard Lindley (mayor 1882)
 * 1877/78 Alfred J.Jacoby
 * 1878/79 John Turney (mayor 1886/87)
 * 1879/80 Frederick Acton
 * 1880/81 H. S. Cropper
 * 1881/82 T. Bayley
 * 1882/83 J. P. Ford
 * 1883/84 F. F. Cleaver
 * 1884/85 Edward Henry Fraser (mayor 1896/97)
 * 1885/86 John Benjamin Walker
 * 1886/87 Robert Dennett
 * 1887/88 John Jelly
 * 1888/89 John Robinson
 * 1889/90 Frederick Pullman
 * 1890/91 Anderson Brownsword
 * 1891/92 John Alfred H. Green (mayor 1906)
 * 1892/93 Abraham Pyatt
 * 1893/94 Joseph Bright (mayor 1894/95, 1904)
 * 1894/95 Forbes R. Mutch
 * 1895/96 John Bright
 * 1896/97 Frederick R. Radford
 * 1897/98 Arthur William Black
 * 1898/99 Frederick W. Gregory
 * 1899/1900 James Black Roberts

20th century

 * 1900/01 James Brown Sim
 * 1901/02 Edward G. Loverseed
 * 1902/03 John White
 * 1903/04 Robert Fleeman
 * 1904/05 Thomas James Dabell
 * 1905/06 Samborne Cook
 * 1906/07 Frederick Ball
 * 1907/08 William Henry Carey
 * 1908/09 Edwin Mellor
 * 1909/10 Thomas Ward
 * 1910/11 Frank Newton Hobson/ Albert Reuben Atkey (Lord Mayor 1928)
 * 1911/12 John Pycroft
 * 1912/13 Harry Baker Halford
 * 1913/14 John Henry Gregg
 * 1914/15 John Godfrey Small
 * 1915/16 James Clarkson
 * 1916/17 Richard Henry Swain
 * 1917/18 Henry Offiler
 * 1918/19 John Morris
 * 1919/20 Herbert Offiler
 * 1920/21 John H. Freckingham
 * 1921/22 Abraham Parkes
 * 1922/23 John Farr (Lord Mayor 1933)
 * 1923/24 Arthur Judd
 * 1924/25 Robert A. Young
 * 1925/26 Samuel Geo. Ward
 * 1926/27 John Hopkin
 * 1927/28 Arthur Pollard (Lord Mayor 1930)
 * 1928/29 William Green (Lord Mayor 1931)
 * 1929/30 William Hooley (Lord Mayor 1937)
 * 1930/31 Richard E. Ashworth (Lord Mayor 1934)
 * 1931/32 Mrs. C. M. Harper
 * 1932/33 William Walter Weldon
 * 1933/34 Ernest Purser (Lord Mayor 1936)
 * 1934/35 Wallis Smith
 * 1935/36 Frederick Mitchell (Lord Mayor 1943)
 * 1936/37 Arthur E. Savage
 * 1937/38 Walter Halls (Lord Mayor 1940)
 * 1938/39 Louis Pilsworth (Lord Mayor 1941)
 * 1939/40 Ernest A. Braddock (Lord Mayor 1942)
 * 1940/41 Lazarus J. Levin
 * 1941/42 A. H. Billingham
 * 1942/43 John E. Mitchell (Lord Mayor 1947/48)
 * 1943/44 Francis Carney (Lord Mayor 1944)
 * 1944/45 Wilfred B. Blandy
 * 1945/46 Thomas R. Scott
 * 1946/47 Harry O. Emmony (Lord Mayor 1950)
 * 1947/48 William Sharp (Lord Mayor 1949)
 * 1948/49 William Sharp
 * 1949 Joseph Littlefair (Died)
 * 1949/50 Leon Willson (Lord Mayor 1952)
 * 1950/51 Walter Murby
 * 1951/52 Sidney Hobson (Lord Mayor 1954)
 * 1952/53 John W. Kenyon (Lord Mayor 1959)
 * 1953/54 William J. Cox (Lord Mayor 1956)
 * 1954/55 Leonard Mitson (Lord Mayor 1955)
 * 1955/56 William E. Maltby
 * 1956/57 Roland E. Green (Lord Mayor 1960)
 * 1957/58 John L. Davies (Lord Mayor 1961)
 * 1958/59 Frank W. Wootton (Lord Mayor 1964)
 * 1959/60 Sidney P. Hill (Lord Mayor 1962)
 * 1960/61 Cornelius Cameron (Lord Mayor 1963)
 * 1961/62 A. E. Greenaway
 * 1962/63 Arthur William Norwebb
 * 1963/64 Percy Holland (Lord Mayor 1966)
 * 1964/65 William George Ernest Dyer (Lord Mayor 1969)
 * 1965/66 C. McReed
 * 1966/67 E. M. Durham
 * 1967/68 Mr. J. H. Bryan
 * 1956/69 B. W. Goddard
 * 1969/70 L. Whitehouse
 * 1970/71 C. W. Judge
 * 1971/72 Edwin Bernard Bateman (Lord Mayor 1977)
 * 1972/73 Norman Hemmington
 * 1973/74 Arthur G. Wright (Lord Mayor 1983)
 * 1974/75 L. F. Squires
 * 1975/76 G. H. Elliott
 * 1976/77 Mrs. G. Roberts
 * 1977/78 Rex Rolling
 * 1978/79 Percy Holland
 * 1979/80 George Howe
 * 1980/81 Frank Dennett
 * 1981/82 Frank Dennett
 * 1982/83 Frank Dennett
 * 1983/84 Frank Dennett
 * 1984/85 Frank Dennett
 * 1985/86 Frank Dennett
 * 1986/87 Barrie Parker (Lord Mayor 1996)
 * 1987/88 Royce Young
 * 1988/89 B. A. Marshall
 * 1989/90 A. F. Robinson
 * 1990/91 Alfred T. Stone
 * 1991/92 Shaukat Khan
 * 1992/93 Brent Charlesworth (Lord Mayor 2003)
 * 1993/94 A. F. Robinson
 * 1994/95 R. McIntosh
 * 1995/96 Roy Greensmith (Lord Mayor 1997, 2001)
 * 1996/97 Malcolm A. Wood (Lord Mayor 1992)
 * 1996/97 Mrs. S. Briggs
 * 1997/98 A. F. Robinson
 * 1998/99 Christopher Gibson (Lord Mayor 1990)
 * 1999/2000 Mike Whittall

21st Century

 * 2000/01 John Hartshorne (Lord Mayor 2004)
 * 2001/02 Joan Casson
 * 2002/03 Ali Asghar
 * 2003/04 John Hartshorne
 * 2004/05 Derek Creswell
 * 2005/06 Derek Creswell
 * 2006/07 Jeannie Packer (Lord Mayor 2009)
 * 2007/08 Jeannie Packer
 * 2008/09 Brian Grocock (Lord Mayor 2010)
 * 2009/10 Leon Unczur (Lord Mayor 2012)
 * 2010/11 Penny Griggs
 * 2011/12 Merlita Bryan (Lord Mayor 2013)
 * 2013/14 Ian Malcolm (Lord Mayor 2014)
 * 2014/15 Jackie Morris (Lord Mayor 2015)
 * 2015/16 Mohammed Saghir
 * 2016/17 Jackie Morris
 * 2017/18 Glyn Jenkins
 * 2018/19 Catharine Arnold
 * 2019/20 Patience Uloma Ifediora
 * 2019/21 Patience Uloma Ifediora
 * 2021/22 Merlita Bryan
 * 2022/23 Nicola Heaton
 * 2023/24 Shuguftah Quddoos

title: Sheriff of Nottingham (position)


text:
User talk:199.216.220.2

October 2017
Please do not remove content or templates from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to Talk:Social media, without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. If you only meant to make a test edit, please use the sandbox for that. Thank you. Captain Sweden 14:51, 23 October 2017 (UTC)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to George Armstrong Custer, you may be blocked from editing. Serols (talk) 14:55, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

IP I am on holiday sometimes inside Hoyle WiFi sometimes hot spot
What did I vandalised ? Gelyang18 (talk) 05:36, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:199.216.220.2


text:
DIC Entertainment

DIC Entertainment Corporation (also known as DIC Audiovisuel, DIC Enterprises, DIC Animation City, DIC Entertainment, L.P., and DIC Productions, sometimes stylized as DiC), branded as the Incredible World of DIC, was an international film and television production company that was mostly associated as an animation studio. As a now former division of The Walt Disney Company, DIC produced live-action feature films and licensed numerous anime series.

On June 20, 2008, DIC was acquired by and later folded into Cookie Jar Group. As of 2023, most of the DIC library is currently owned by WildBrain (formerly DHX Media) after the company acquired Cookie Jar on October 22, 2012.

1971–1982: DIC Audiovisuel
Diffusion, Information Communications (DIC) was founded in France in 1971 by Jean Chalopin as part of Radio Television Luxembourg (RTL Group), a well-established media company. DIC primarily focused on producing television content.

In 1981, DIC formed a partnership with Tokyo Movie Shinsha, a Japanese animation studio. As part of this collaboration, DIC assisted in animating several TMS programs, including the popular series Ulysses 31. Additionally, DIC created an unaired pilot called Lupin VIII during this period.

This partnership between DIC and TMS continued until 1996, contributing to the production of numerous animated television shows and pilots.

1982–1986: U.S.
DIC Audiovisuel's U.S. division, DIC Enterprises, was established in April 1982 in Burbank, California by Andy Heyward, a former writer at Hanna-Barbera. This division was created to adapt DIC productions into English for American audiences. DIC Enterprises focused on producing animated television content for both network broadcast and syndication. To reduce costs, DIC outsourced non-creative tasks overseas and employed staff on a per-program basis. Despite its success, some industry insiders referred to DIC as "Do It Cheap."

Under the direction of Bruno Bianchi and Bernard Deyriès, DIC became known for its effective yet cost-conscious approach to animation production. Shortly after its formation, DIC introduced Inspector Gadget, which became one of its most successful productions. DIC also collaborated with toy and greeting card companies to develop character-based product lines that could be adapted into animated series, providing built-in advertisers and financial backers. With hits like Inspector Gadget, The Littles, and Heathcliff, DIC became profitable.

In 1983, DIC established its own animation facility in Japan, known as K.K. DIC Asia, to handle animation production for its shows independently. Despite facing a unionization effort in 1984, DIC remained the only non-union animation firm. Over time, DIC expanded its operations through syndication deals with companies like LBS Communications, Columbia Pictures Television, and Access Syndication. Additionally, DIC secured home video rights for its shows through agreements with Karl-Lorimar Home Video, CBS/Fox Video in the US, and The Video Collection in Great Britain. and Access Syndication.

1987–1993: Move to North America
Between late 1986 and 1987, Heyward, in collaboration with investors Bear Stearns & Co. and Prudential Insurance Co., acquired Chalopin and Radio Television Luxembourg's 52 per cent stake in DIC, resulting in the transformation of DIC into DIC Animation City, Inc. This acquisition, amounting to $70 million in a leveraged buyout, relocated the company's headquarters to the United States. Following the transaction, key personnel such as Chalopin, Bianchi, Deyriès, and producer Tetsuo Katayama departed DIC, making way for Robby London and Michael Maliani to assume pivotal roles within the organization. Additionally, Chalopin retained control of DIC's original offices in France and its Japanese animation facility, establishing the entity Créativité et Développement (C&D) in 1987 to continue producing animated content. Meanwhile, the Japanese studio was renamed K.K. C&D Asia, operating until 1996.

Subsequent to the buyout, DIC encountered significant financial indebtedness, partly stemming from their competitive strategy of underbidding on projects to outmaneuver rival animation firms, coupled with an overestimation of the market demand for children's television shows. Consequently, DIC's debt escalated, prompting the sale of foreign rights to their library to Saban Productions in 1987, which were later transferred to Chalopin's C&D. This transaction strained the relationship between DIC and Saban, leading to legal disputes culminating in a settlement in 1991. Despite these challenges, DIC expanded its collaborations, partnering with NBC and Coca-Cola Telecommunications to produce and distribute television programs. DIC also ventured into toy manufacturing with the introduction of the Old MacDonald talking toyline.

Amidst legal battles and strategic maneuvers, DIC continued to navigate the evolving landscape of the animation industry. Legal disputes with Family Home Entertainment and LBS/Lorimar Home Video were resolved, paving the way for DIC to forge partnerships with Golden Book Video and pursue distribution agreements with Bohbot Communications. Furthermore, DIC diversified its international collaborations, teaming up with Reteitalia, Reteitalia, S.p.A. and Telecinco, among others, to co-produce animated content. By the early 1990s, DIC expanded its operations to include subsidiaries such as Rainforest Entertainment and embarked on educational initiatives.

DIC's growth trajectory was marked by a landmark licensing agreement with Buena Vista Home Video in 1993, facilitating the distribution of over 1,000 half-hours of animated content and the establishment of a dedicated home video label. This deal bolstered DIC's presence in the home entertainment market, heralding a new phase of expansion and consolidation within the animation industry. DIC subsequently signed a deal with Golden Book Video to market titles under the DIC Video brand.

1993–2000: Limited partnerships
During the early 1990s, DIC attracted attention within the industry. The company engaged in discussions regarding a potential merger and buyout with PolyGram and Capital Cities/ABC. However, no agreements materialized with either entity.

On July 26, 1993, DIC Animation City announced the establishment of a limited partnership with Capital Cities/ABC Video Enterprises, Inc., forming a joint venture named DIC Entertainment, L.P. This venture aimed to oversee DIC's production library and supply content for international distribution through CAVE. DIC Animation City held 95% of the shares, while CAVE held the remaining 5%. At the end of the year, the two companies formed another Delaware limited partnership called DIC Productions, L.P., with Capital Cities/ABC holding a 95% majority stake and Heyward retaining the remaining 5%. Both limited partnerships became the successor to the former parent company DIC Animation City, coinciding with the relocation of DIC's headquarters to a larger facility in Burbank, California.

DIC continued its expansion and diversification efforts throughout the early 1990s. In November 1993, it established DIC Interactive, a multimedia unit. Subsequently, the company ventured into live-action television production in 1994. In response to the success of Saban's Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers, DIC collaborated with Tsuburaya Productions to adapt the Japanese series Gridman the Hyper Agent into Superhuman Samurai Syber Squad. DIC also initiated partnerships in China and engaged in syndication agreements with SeaGull Entertainment.

In July 1995, The Walt Disney Company announced its intention to acquire Capital Cities/ABC, including all of its assets, including DIC. By October 1995, DIC announced plans to establish an animation studio in France in partnership with Hamster Productions. Following the completion of the merger between Capital Cities/ABC and Disney in January 1996, DIC became a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Subsequently, DIC collaborated closely with Disney, launching DIC Films and signing a first-look deal with Walt Disney Pictures in 1996.

In March 1997, DIC's French animation studio commenced operations as Les Studios Tex S.A.R.L. DIC continued its expansion into various markets and mediums, extending its first-look deal with Walt Disney Pictures in March 1998 and announcing the launch of its direct-to-video division in April 1998. Additionally, DIC secured a programming agreement with Pax TV during this period.

2000–2004: Return to independence
In September 2000, Andy Heyward, backed by investment firms Bain Capital and Chase Capital Partners, began to purchase DIC from The Walt Disney Company. Disney agreed to sell back the company and the deal was closed on November 25, officially allowing DIC to produce shows alone again without the limitations of Disney, coinciding with the relaunch of DIC's international sales division at MIPCOM that year.

In 2001, DIC announced their return to the home video market, forming a new division titled DIC Home Entertainment; they intended to begin releasing products starting that May. This was delayed due to DIC's issues in finding a distribution partner, which eventually happened in July when DIC signed a deal with Lions Gate Home Entertainment for North American distribution of DIC Home Entertainment products. In June, DIC announced a planned purchase of Golden Books Family Entertainment for $170 million, but they eventually backed out of the deal due to the high costs of the purchase; the company was instead co-purchased by Random House for the book rights and Classic Media for the entertainment rights.

In July 2002, DIC purchased the Mommy & Me preschool label.

In January 2003, DIC announced three syndicated children's programming E/I blocks called DIC Kids Network. In April, DIC sued Speed Racer Enterprises, alleging that SRE had sub-licensed the worldwide exploitation rights for Speed Racer to DIC the previous year and then ended the agreement without DIC knowing. Later in July, DIC signed a television production deal with POW! Entertainment for Stan Lee's Secret Super Six, a series about teens with alien superpowers who are taught about humanity by Lee (this show never made it to air).

2004–2008: Going public and final years
In 2004, Heyward acquired Bain Capital's share in DIC Entertainment and subsequently oversaw the company's public offering on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market in 2005, trading under the symbol DEKEq.L. In March 2006, DIC regained international rights to 20 of its shows from The Walt Disney Company and Jetix Europe, previously owned by Disney since their acquisition of Saban Entertainment in 2001. The same month, DIC acquired the Copyright Promotions Licensing Group (CPLG) and welcomed Jeffrey Edell as president and COO.

DIC, AOL's KOL, and CBS Corporation joined forces to introduce a new three-hour programming block for Saturday mornings on CBS called KOL Secret Slumber Party on September 15, 2006. A year later, on September 15, 2007, DIC, CBS, and American Greetings launched another programming block named KEWLopolis.

In April 2007, DIC Entertainment, Nelvana, and NBC Universal Global Networks announced the establishment of KidsCo, an international children's entertainment network. In October of the same year, DIC filed a lawsuit against the Dam company, alleging fraud and negligent misrepresentation regarding Dam's troll doll and DIC's Trollz television series, which was created under a license from Dam. Dam counter-sued DIC, accusing the company of misrepresenting its financial status and harming the troll doll's image and reputation.

2008–2012: Cookie Jar Group and DHX Media
In June 2008, DIC Entertainment and Canadian media company Cookie Jar Group announced a merger valued at $87.6 million. President Jeffrey Edell played a key role in finalizing the deal, which was completed on July 23 of the same year. Following the merger, DIC became a subsidiary of Cookie Jar, and the company was subsequently folded into Cookie Jar's operations. DIC Entertainment Corporation was rebranded as Cookie Jar Entertainment (USA) Inc. In 2012, Cookie Jar was acquired by DHX Media, later rebranded as DHX Media. on October 22, 2012.

The DIC Kids Network was renamed Cookie Jar Kids Network in 2009 and ceased operations in 2011. Cookie Jar also produced the final season of Sushi Pack, one of DIC's last shows, which aired until 2009. KEWLopolis on CBS was renamed Cookie Jar TV in 2009 and closed down in 2013, replaced by CBS Dream Team. Cookie Jar Toons, a block on This TV featuring shows from Cookie Jar and DIC, ran from 2008 to 2013. In 2014, Cookie Jar ceased operations.

Programming blocks
DIC operated many programming blocks for various television stations across the United States.

Kideo TV
Kideo TV was an anthology series that was produced as a joint-venture between DIC Enterprises and their US syndicator LBS Communications, with Mattel handling sponsorships. The block aired on syndicated television stations, with Metromedia stations agreeing to carry the block by January 1986., and launched in April 1986.

Kideo TV aired for 90 minutes and consisted of live-action material with three cartoons from DIC's library used as framing material. Rainbow Brite, Popples and Ulysses 31 first aired on the block, while The Get Along Gang and Lady Lovely Locks were added later on.

The "Kideo" brand was also used by LBS as a joint-venture home video line which released various DIC cartoons on VHS.

Weekend Funday
Weekend Funday was a 90-minute weekend strand produced by DIC that was syndicated through Coca-Cola Telecommunications during the Fall of 1987. Weekend Funday normally ran on Sundays under the name of Funday Sunday. However, it would also run on Saturdays as Funtastic Saturday, if it wanted to go head-to-head with the other kidvid blocks.

It consisted of various half-hour cartoons from the DIC lineup, including Sylvanian Families and Starcom: The U.S. Space Force.

Funtown
Funtown was a daily children's programming block on the CBN Family Channel that launched on September 11, 1989. It ran for 26 hours a week, broadcasting from 7:00am–9:00am on weekdays, and 8:00am–11:00am and 4:00pm–6:00pm on weekends. DIC handled the advertising sales of the block, while the CBN Family Channel handled the distribution and marketing.

The lineup of shows was a mix of formats, from live-action-animated hybrids to live-action, and programs ranging from original to off-network shows, whether produced by DIC or other companies. In addition, a companion club program was supposed to be developed. DIC also planned to produce four specials each quarter with the launching of Funtown, combined with the others, mostly holiday specials, for the fourth quarter of 1989. However, nothing came out of these initial plans.

Dragon Club
Dragon Club (Chinese: 小神龙俱乐部 ( Little Dragon Club )) was a daily television strand operated and distributed through Capital Cities/ABC through various syndicated television stations in China. It launched on September 19, 1994, and broadcast various DIC and ABC programs in addition to third-party, live-action and local offerings.

After the Disney purchase of Capital Cities/ABC, the strand transitioned to airing Disney-produced content and continued to broadcast until the start of 2019.

Panda Club
Panda Club (Chinese: 熊猫俱乐部) was the short-lived sister strand of Dragon Club that launched on October 2, 1994, and broadcast on a smaller selection of stations. Its programming was similar to that of Dragon Club, and broadcast until 1999.

Freddy's Firehouse
Freddy's Firehouse (FFH) was a planned children's educational programming block that would broadcast various programs from DIC Entertainment's library, initially announced in May 1998. In the United States, it was planned to air on Pax TV after DIC signed a deal with the broadcaster to become the exclusive supplier of animated programming on the network. The plan was for the block to run on weekends, running for three hours on Saturday and two hours on Sunday. Buena Vista International Television handled syndication sales, and would also allow for the strand to be sold to other outlets internationally.

However, the block was rejected in favor of Pax producing the children's block in-house, with "Cloud 9" (later renamed "Pax Kids") launching with Pax TV on August 31, 1998, and broadcasting until the end of the contract with DIC in 2000.

National and syndicated broadcast blocks

 * DiC Kids Network – a set of three syndicated children's programming E/I blocks launched on September 1, 2003.
 * KOL Secret Slumber Party – a three-hour long block launched on September 16, 2006, a programming block with partner KOL (AOL's kids online).
 * KEWLopolis – launched on September 15, 2007, a programming block with partner American Greetings.

title: DIC Entertainment


text:
Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas

Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas is a Christmas television special, featuring characters from the animated series Inspector Gadget. The special was produced by DIC Animation City, and aired on NBC on December 4, 1992. The special serves as a series finale for the original TV series.

Synopsis
The special opens up at the North Pole, where Santa Claus and his elves are working on all the toys that Santa will deliver at Christmas. Doctor Claw has managed to sneak into the factory and disguise himself as Santa. He has also managed to install mind-control devices on all the elves, which he then activates, and orders them to capture Santa. His plan is to use the mind-controlled elves to make defective toys, for which the world will blame Santa. Meanwhile, he orders his MAD agents to destroy Gadget. Several attempts are made in the opening credits, all of which fail.

Meanwhile, Gadget has been going around with his Christmas doings, completely oblivious to the MAD agents attempting to do him in. Later, he visits the local mall Santa, actually Chief Quimby in disguise. The Chief gives Gadget a self-destructing note containing his mission (and of course, Gadget leaves it to blow up in the Chief's face).

Gadget, along with Penny and Brain, heads off to the North Pole, taking with him the assumption that Doctor Claw has not made his move yet. Upon entering the factory, Gadget firmly believes there is nothing wrong. He does not even get suspicious when he is staring the Santa-disguised Doctor Claw right in the face. Penny and Brain, on the other hand, are not so easily fooled. But when they try to tell Gadget about it, he is sideswiped by a claw from the factory and thrown onto the conveyor belt with all the bad toys the elves are manufacturing where Gadget sings a parody of "The Twelve Days of Christmas" using the things he winds up crashing into. When this does not finish him off (thanks to Brain's meddling), Claw instead has Gadget dropped down the manhole he dropped Santa through at the beginning. There, Gadget comes upon the real Santa Claus, but arrests him, thinking this Santa is the fraud.

Meanwhile, Penny is snooping around the whole factory and hides in a giant jack-in-the-box. Penny sees the elves destroying the toys. Penny calls Brain to tell him that Doctor Claw plans to ruin Christmas. Brain then reports that the elves tried to eliminate Gadget, he found the real Santa and accused him of being Doctor Claw. However, the elves find Penny and trap her in the jack-in-the-box. Penny calls Brain to tell him that she will escape somehow and he has to save Gadget.

Brain manages to snatch the keys away from Doctor Claw and open the cell where Gadget has been interrogating "the fake Santa" using lines of The Night Before Christmas for reference. Gadget mistakes Brain for "the fake Santa's" accomplice, lassos the both of them and heads off to tell "the real Santa" he has caught the criminals. Meanwhile, Penny uses her computer book to find out how the elves are being mind controlled. Penny manages to escape and she finds herself in a place where Doctor Claw hidden Santa's real toys.

As Gadget helps "Santa" load the broken toys onto the sleigh, Brain springs himself and the real Santa loose, and then follows Penny to the control room that Doctor Claw has left vacant. Penny immediately deactivates the mind control on the elves, but Doctor Claw quickly gets into his jet and prepares to take off with the sleigh full of broken toys. But the real Santa shows up with his reindeer and foils him by unhooking the sleigh from the MAD Jet. Then for good measure, Gadget, still not realizing he has been helping his nemesis the whole time, ties the hook to a candy cane prop. Then the reindeer break up the ice behind the MAD Jet, sending him drifting into the distance. After the Chief makes his obligatory appearance to congratulate Gadget and company for saving Christmas, Santa gives them a ride in his sleigh.

Voice cast

 * Don Adams - John Brown / Inspector Gadget (speaking voice)
 * Frank Welker - Brain, Sanford Scolex / Dr. Claw, MAD Cat, Santa Claus
 * Maurice LaMarche - Chief Quimby, Inspector Gadget (singing voice)
 * Erica Horn - Penny

Home Media Releases
The special was first released on VHS in 1993 by Buena Vista Home Video. The VHS was re-released on October 16, 2001 by Lions Gate Home Entertainment through the DIC Home Entertainment label.

The special was released on DVD for the first time by Sterling Entertainment in 2004. Three episodes of the original Inspector Gadget series, "The Weather in Tibet", "So It is Written" and "Birds of a Feather" were also included. The special was re-released on DVD again by New Video in 2013 without the bonus episodes.

title: Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas


text:
Missing square puzzle

The missing square puzzle is an optical illusion used in mathematics classes to help students reason about geometrical figures; or rather to teach them not to reason using figures, but to use only textual descriptions and the axioms of geometry. It depicts two arrangements made of similar shapes in slightly different configurations. Each apparently forms a 13×5 right-angled triangle, but one has a 1×1 hole in it.

Solution

The key to the puzzle is the fact that neither of the 13×5 "triangles" is truly a triangle, nor would either truly be 13x5 if it were, because what appears to be the hypotenuse is bent. In other words, the "hypotenuse" does not maintain a consistent slope, even though it may appear that way to the human eye.

A true 13×5 triangle cannot be created from the given component parts. The four figures (the yellow, red, blue and green shapes) total 32 units of area. The apparent triangles formed from the figures are 13 units wide and 5 units tall, so it appears that the area should be S = $13×5⁄2$ = 32.5 units. However, the blue triangle has a ratio of 5:2 (=2.5), while the red triangle has the ratio 8:3 (≈2.667), so the apparent combined hypotenuse in each figure is actually bent. With the bent hypotenuse, the first figure actually occupies a combined 32 units, while the second figure occupies 33, including the "missing" square.

The amount of bending is approximately $1⁄28$ unit (1.245364267°), which is difficult to see on the diagram of the puzzle, and was illustrated as a graphic. Note the grid point where the red and blue triangles in the lower image meet (5 squares to the right and two units up from the lower left corner of the combined figure), and compare it to the same point on the other figure; the edge is slightly under the mark in the upper image, but goes through it in the lower. Overlaying the "hypotenuses" from both figures results in a very thin parallelogram (represented with the four red dots) with an area of exactly one grid square (Pick's theorem gives 0  + $4 ⁄2$ − 1 = 1), so the "missing" area.

Principle
According to Martin Gardner, this particular puzzle was invented by a New York City amateur magician, Paul Curry, in 1953. However, the principle of a dissection paradox has been known since the start of the 16th century.

The integer dimensions of the parts of the puzzle (2, 3, 5, 8, 13) are successive Fibonacci numbers, which leads to the exact unit area in the thin parallelogram. Many other geometric dissection puzzles are based on a few simple properties of the Fibonacci sequence.

Similar puzzles
Sam Loyd's chessboard paradox demonstrates two rearrangements of an 8×8 square. In the "larger" rearrangement (the 5×13 rectangle in the image to the right), the gaps between the figures have a combined unit square more area than their square gaps counterparts, creating an illusion that the figures there take up more space than those in the original square figure. In the "smaller" rearrangement (the shape below the 5×13 rectangle), each quadrilateral needs to overlap the triangle by an area of half a unit for its top/bottom edge to align with a grid line, resulting overall loss in one unit square area.

Mitsunobu Matsuyama's "paradox" uses four congruent quadrilaterals and a small square, which form a larger square. When the quadrilaterals are rotated about their centers they fill the space of the small square, although the total area of the figure seems unchanged. The apparent paradox is explained by the fact that the side of the new large square is a little smaller than the original one. If θ is the angle between two opposing sides in each quadrilateral, then the ratio of the two areas is given by sec2 θ. For θ = 5°, this is approximately 1.00765, which corresponds to a difference of about 0.8%.

A vanishing puzzle is a mechanical optical illusion showing different numbers of a certain object when parts of the puzzle are moved around.

title: Missing square puzzle


text:
Solaris (video game)

Solaris is a space combat video game for the Atari 2600 published in 1986 by Atari. The game involves a player seeking out the planet Solaris via their starship. To accomplish this, the player must navigate the galactic scanner to explore quadrants of a map. Doing so allows them to explore Federation planets to refuel their ship, and engage in combat with hostile aliens known as the Zylons.

The game was programmed by Doug Neubauer, who had previously made Star Raiders (1980) for Atari and various film tie-in games for the Atari 2600 for Fox Video Games. Neubauer pitched this game to Atari in 1984, who planned to make it a tie-in to the film The Last Starfighter (1984). Following Jack Tramiel's purchase of Atari in 1984, Atari's production of console games was halted. Neubauer was only contacted in 1986 to complete his work on Solaris following the release of a new remodeled Atari 2600.

Contemporary and retrospective reviews of Solaris have seen critics from AllGame, Computer Entertainer and Retro Gamer praise it as having some of the best graphics for an Atari 2600 game. Reviewers in Retro Gamer went as far to proclaim it as one of the best games for the system.

Gameplay
In Solaris, the goal of the game is to survive battles with enemy aliens called Zylons as they seek out the planet Solaris. The player pilots a starship exploring outer space and visiting the surface of planets. The game contains a map of 16 total quadrants with 48 sectors. It is navigated via the Galactic Scanner map screen, which represents where the player is located within the galaxy. The player can utilize the map to identify sectors they would like to travel to. If the player picks a Zylon-infested sector, they must destroy all the enemy ships, allowing them to return to the map. Other areas feature star clusters, mine fields and traversable wormholes that lead to other quadrants. If the player chooses to travel to a planet, they navigate its surface, allowing them to attack aliens, rescue humans, and dock at refueling stations.

Federation planets appear with docking stations to refuel the spaceship. If a Federation planet is invaded by Zylons, the player must use their ship to shoot all the aliens and rescue the occupied planet. When Zylons attack a federation planet within the current quadrant, the player has 40 seconds to defend the planet before the aliens successfully occupy it. If the player fails to do so, the Galactic Scanner quadrant will become red. Zylon planets feature stranded space cadets, which can be rescued for bonus points. They also feature corridors protected by Zylon guardians. Once inside a corridor, the player must fly over a key to ensure safe passage through, which will result in the destruction of the planet and additional points.

Production
Prior to working on Solaris, Doug Neubauer worked at Atari, Inc., where he made the computer game Star Raiders (1980), and later as an independent contractor for 20th Century Fox's new video game division, making film tie-in games for the Atari 2600. Among the games he developed for Fox were Alien, Mega Force and M*A*S*H. Neubauer hoped that making several film tie-in games would lead to him developing a game based on Star Wars. He found later that "just because a company makes a movie doesn't mean they have the rights to make a video game of the movie, Case in point, Star Wars. They didn't have the rights to it." Douglas Neubauer pitched Solaris to Atari in 1984. The company suggested making it into a video game tie-in for the film The Last Starfighter (1984). Atari flew Neubauer to Los Angeles for a screening of the film, but he soon found out that Jack Tramiel had bought the company and most of the staff was laid off. Neubauer described these lay offs as appearing like "the end of video games for Atari." Upon Tramiel's acquisition of the Atari consumer division and launch of the Atari ST computer line, Tramiel began focusing on reviving the Atari 2600. He hired Michael Katz from Epyx in November 1985 to take on the role of president for Atari's new Entertainment Electronics Division. The Atari 2600 was experiencing what video game historian Brett Weiss described as "a resurgence of sorts" following the video game company Nintendo's financial success with their Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) console. Atari would respond with re-releasing the Atari 2600 as a smaller, budget-priced revision in January 1986. In the same year, Atari would reconnect with Neubauer to revive his game, now titled Solaris.

Mike Bevan wrote in Retro Gamer that fans of Neubauer's game Star Raiders (1980) sometimes considered Solaris to be the "true successor" to that game. Neubauer responded that the game is not a sequel. Solaris was made with 16K of bank-switching ROM and 256 bytes of RAM. Neubauer had his cousin, professional comic artist Randy Emberlin, help him with the graphics for the game. Solaris was completed by October 1986. Neubauer said that he gave Atari the "master EPROM" of the game and his engineering notes. He then found himself surprised that his brief write-ups and what he described as his "primitive little sketches" were taken nearly verbatim for the games manual. Neubauer joked decades later in an interview that "apparently Atari was cash-strapped at the time, but so strapped they couldn't afford a graphics artist?" The cover art of the game also reused illustrations from the Atari 2600 box art of Star Raiders (1982).

Release
At the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1986, Atari's promotion booth included console games for both the Atari 7800 and Atari 2600 consoles. Three games (Midnight Magic, Pac-Man Jr. and Solaris) were showcased in playable form at the event and were set to be available to consumers before the end of the 1986. Solaris was released for the Atari 2600 in November 1986. In June 1989, Electronic Gaming Monthly reported that it was the top-selling available game for either the Atari 2600 or Atari 7800 in the United States during that month.

Solaris was re-released in various Atari-themed compilations years later. These included being on the first release of the Atari Flashback series of dedicated consoles in November 2004. It was later released to other devices and software such as the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Steam services as part of Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration (2022).

Reception and legacy
From contemporary reviews, a reviewer in The Video Game Update gave Solaris their highest rating of four stars for both graphics and gameplay. The review proclaimed the game was "strong enough to hold its own in an era of game systems far greater capabilities than the modest 2600" and that "Without question Solaris is the best space game ever done for this system." A reviewer in the German magazine PowerPlay wrote that Solaris surprised them, and while they did not find the gameplay original, they complimented the beautiful and varied graphics, finding it superior to the similarly themed Atari 2600 game Starmaster (1982). From retrospective reviews, several reviewers complimented the graphics as being among the best for the Atari 2600. An anonymous reviewer in the British magazine Retro Gamer said that "the real feature of Solaris that will make your jaw drop is the visuals. You would have never thought it was possible for the 2600 to display high-res graphics in so many colours." and that the game was "widely regarded as the console's most technically impressive commercial release." Kieren Hawken, also of Retro Gamer, praised the sound, visuals and gameplay depth, stating that "Solaris is quite simply the best game for the 2600 bar none." In the magazine's list of the top 25 Atari 2600 games, Stuart Hunt and Darran Jones listed Solaris; they noted that, while the gameplay would take some getting used to, the game "can be heralded as one of the finest pieces of code written for the 2600." Weiss wrote in his book Classic Home Video Games 1972-1984 that Solaris was one of the more ambitious games in the Atari 2600 library in terms of graphics and gameplay, specifically noting the multi-colored enemies, beautifully illustrated planets, and variety of sound effects. Jonathan Sutyak, writing for the online game database Allgame, found the graphics were "the Atari 2600 at its best" but disliked the gameplay. Sutyak found it overtly complicated and concluded that "trying to make sense of everything [in Solaris] is not worth your time or effort."

Following its release, Neubauer went on to make other Atari 2600 games, including Super Football and Radar Lock. He had attempted to make a space-oriented game for the NES that was never published, saying that "the days of one programmer doing a complete game were over, and by the time I got the game done, the NES was obsolete." When comparing the game to Star Raiders, Neubauer thought the original Star Raiders had better game play and preferred its cockpit point of view over Solaris. He later summarized his career in video games development, concluding that "the best games I did were the ones I did for fun rather than money. Probably a lesson there."

title: Solaris (video game)


text:
Gadget & the Gadgetinis

Gadget & the Gadgetinis is an animated television series and the sequel of the 1983 series Inspector Gadget. The series was a co-production between Fox Kids Europe, DIC Entertainment Corporation, French animation studio SIP Animation, French broadcaster M6 Métropole Télévision, the British Channel 5 and the Italian Mediatrade S.P.A. The show was first screened at MIPTV 2002.

Gadget & the Gadgetinis is currently a property of WildBrain, which holds the rights to most of DIC's library.

Plot
Having been recruited by an elite international peacekeeping group called the World Organization of Mega Powers (or WOMP for short), Lieutenant Gadget (promoted from his previous position of Inspector), now fights crime with a pair of mechanical assistants called the Gadgetinis, small robot versions of Gadget who were created by Penny (due to Brain retiring from active duty) and who are the unintended victims of Gadget's bumbling.

As a member of WOMP, Lieutenant Gadget and his Gadgetinis still have to tangle with Doctor Claw and his organization M.A.D.

Characters

 * Lieutenant Gadget (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) – Now working for WOMP as a Lieutenant, Gadget is still the same cyborg he was in the 1983 series, except he has been upgraded with several new gadgets. He is usually blind to MAD's interference in missions or their presence, sometimes making it easier for them to continue with Dr. Claw's evil plans, but they are nearly always thwarted, usually by accident. Gadget's appearance is somewhat different from his original design, as his hat and coat are now dark grey, his gloves are yellow, his tie and pants are a brighter blue and looks a lot younger. He also wears green sunglasses in most episodes.
 * The Gadgetinis (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) – Fidget (orange) and Digit (blue) are two small robots created by Penny who are miniature versions of Gadget. They frequently aid Gadget on his missions and each one has their own arsenal of hidden gadgets and devices, including video communicators in their chest-pieces. Penny created them after Brain retired due to a nervous breakdown. Fidget is the most easily spooked of the pair. He does things robots cannot do, such as feeling pain or sneeze, which Digit usually questions. Digit is the smarter, sarcastic, and more literal of the Gadgetinis. He often reminds Fidget that he is a robot when Fidget does something that robots can't do.
 * Penny Gadget (voiced by Tegan Moss) – Gadget's know-it-all 12-year-old niece is the creator of the Gadgetinis. Instead of secretly following Gadget, she contacts the Gadgetinis to offer advice and information from home. She usually does this from the attic, using her laptop computer and many other hi-tech tools, which replace her computer book and video watch. She also usually corrects Fidget about being a robot when he does something robots can't do, is less patient than she was in the original series, and has a bit of a short temper. Penny wears her hair in pigtails as she did in the original 1983 series.

WOMP

 * General Sir (voiced by Alvin Sanders) – The leader of WOMP, the General assigns missions to Gadget. He is completely oblivious to Gadget's incompetence and antics. General Sir favors Gadget over Nozzaire because he's kinder than Nozzaire.
 * Ms. Miffet – Secretary of General Sir.
 * Colonel Nozzaire (voiced by Colin Murdock) – Colonel Nozzaire is a former member of the French Foreign Legion and Gadget's new superior. Nozzaire hates Gadget and barely tolerates him, because he is extremely stupid, repeatedly hurts him and/or wrecks his office. Nozzaire constantly tries to partake in missions himself, only to get captured by M.A.D. or become badly injured as a result of Gadget's interference or incompetence.

M.A.D.

 * Dr. Claw (voiced by Brian Drummond) – Unlike the original series, viewers can actually see his legs and torso from time to time, his gauntlets are now gold with black joints and knuckles, and with the M.A.D. logo printed on them. Most of the time instead of banging his hand on his desk and hitting his cat, he scratches the arm of his chair when angered. In addition, he also has a brother named Doctor Thaw and a nephew named William who is Doctor Thaw's son.
 * MAD Cat (vocal effects provided by Ellen Kennedy and Frank Welker) – Doctor Claw's pet cat who now has a chair of his own.
 * Maryland Claw (voiced by Teryl Rothery) – Doctor Claw and Doctor Thaw's mother and William's grandmother. She first met Claw's father in jail, the same day Gadget's parents met. Maryland has higher authority over her son even going as far as to stop him in his evil deeds. Doctor Claw once had his M.A.D. agents turned invisible so that they could try to rob her house, apparently to get some childhood trophies from her. Like her son, only Maryland's right hand is seen. Though in the episode "Erasing Gadget," her face does appear when Gadget travels back in time.

Other characters

 * Brain (vocal effects provided by Lee Tockar) – After years of Gadget repeatedly mistaking him for M.A.D. Agents and trying to apprehend him, Brain is now phobic and nervous when he hears Gadget's name and has taken refuge in a shack by a lake.
 * Chief Quimby – Now he's an agent of WOMP working as General Sir's top informant of the Cryptic Intelligence Agency (a parody of the real-life Central Intelligence Agency, or CIA). He uses self-destructing messages, much like the previous series.
 * Jools & Annie Tamare – Gadget's parents and Penny's grandparents who first met each other by crashing their bicycles.
 * Jeanette Sir – The General's daughter whom the lieutenant fell in love with.

Production
The original creators of Inspector Gadget reunited for this series. Andy Heyward initiated the concept and was one of the executive producers; Jean Chalopin created/developed the show and wrote or co-wrote every episode; while Bruno Bianchi designed the main characters as well as directing and producing the series. Gadget & the Gadgetinis follows basically the same plot as the original series, with the clueless Gadget attempting to fight crime while Penny and her helpers do all the work and he takes full credit for it, when he had no idea what happened. Dr. Claw appears less frequently and there are new villains for the group to contend with. Each episode would be budgeted at approximately $400,000 per episode. Saban was originally intended to distribute internationally Gadget & the Gadgetinis. There were also going to be more Gadgetinis as the show would progress.

While Brain and Chief Quimby are mainly absent from the show, they do appear in pictures in Gadget's house. Each also appears as a special guest in one episode. Brain appears in episode 36, No Brainer, which reveals that, having been traumatized after years of pain while saving Gadget and Gadget mistaking him for M.A.D. Agents, he retired from crime-fighting to live in a riverside house, which only Penny knows about. The mere mention of the word "gadget" is enough to drive him frantic. Brain is also mentioned in the episode, Roverre. Chief Quimby appears in episode 45, Super Boss Gadget. They both appear on television in the episode, Too Many Gadgets.

The French end credits to the series show a series of sketches of Penny going to visit Brain at his riverside home. The pair enjoy an emotional reunion.

Maurice LaMarche continued as Gadget's voice, reprising his role from the Sunday Movie Toon, "Inspector Gadget's Last Case", as did Brian Drummond (Dr. Claw) and Tegan Moss (Penny).

Jean-Michel Guirao composed the musical underscore, and the main title song for the English-speaking version was written and performed by Mike Piccirillo. However, the European and French theme songs for "Gadgetinis" were explicitly different: The French version's theme, composed by Noam Kaniel and David Vadant, sounded very close to Shuki Levy and Haim Saban's original Inspector Gadget theme, and was in fact based on the original series' theme song. (The French end credits for the show state: "Musique des génériques: Noam Kaniel, David Vadant, K.I.A. productions. D'après le "Thème de l'Inspecteur Gadget". Musique originale de Haim Saban et Shuki Levy.") The reason this was possible - even though DiC Entertainment (which owned Inspector Gadget) no longer had the rights to Levy and Saban's theme music - is probably that Gadget & the Gadgetinis was produced primarily by the French animation studio SIP Animation, which at the time of production was owned by Haim Saban.

Broadcast
The show was broadcast across various European countries on Fox Kids starting in late 2002, and remained on some stations after the Jetix rebranding.
 * In the United Kingdom, the show aired on Channel 5, who were one of the co-producers. They first aired the show in August 2002, a month before it aired in France on M6.
 * In the United States, the show was planned to air on Fox Family; but since Fox Family Worldwide was purchased by Disney, it never did.
 * In countries where the channel operated from, it also re-ran on Jetix Play.
 * The show was airing in Canada on Family Channel.

Merchandise
An event was held at Quick restaurants in France in April 2003.

Video game
A video game based on the series, titled Gadget & Gadgetinis  was released for the PlayStation 2 and PC in November 2004. The game developed by Eko Software and published by Hip Games, who had acquired the Inspector Gadget video game license after acquiring Light & Shadow Production in February of that year. It was first unveiled at E3 2004, following an announcement on May 5, 2004; further, the game was only released in PAL regions, much like with Mad Robots Invasion.

The game's gameplay was mostly criticized for its unoriginality, as well as the character designs and the music. The controls and the game's appeal to children received praise.

title: Gadget & the Gadgetinis


text:
Staufen

Staufen refers to:

 * Hohenstaufen, a dynasty of German emperors
 * Staufen im Breisgau, a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
 * Staufen, Aargau, in Switzerland
 * Staufen (protein), a protein found in the egg of Drosophila
 * Staufen, Austria, a mountain in the western part of Austria

title: Staufen


text:
User:Manaskb

It's just stub page for now.

Read my blog at http://luhit.com/. I update this quite often.

- Manas

title: User:Manaskb


text:
Felix Dennis

Felix Dennis (27 May 1947 – 22 June 2014) was an English publisher, poet, spoken-word performer, and philanthropist. His company, Dennis Publishing, pioneered computer and hobbyist magazine publishing in the United Kingdom. In more recent times, the company added lifestyle titles such as its flagship brand The Week, which is published in the UK and the United States.

Early life
Felix Dennis was born on 27 May 1947 in Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, the son of a part-time jazz pianist who ran a tobacconist's shop. He grew up poor in northeast Surrey, for a time living in his grandparents' tiny terrace house in Thames Ditton, not far from his birthplace, with his mother, Dorothy, and brother Julian. A place with "no electricity, no indoor lavatory or bathroom ... no electric light, but gas and candles".

In 1958, he passed his 11+ exam to enter St Nicholas Grammar School in Northwood Hills, Middlesex. His first band, the Flamingos, was formed with friends at school.

In 2006, Dennis said in an interview with Oliver Marre of The Observer newspaper: "I was brought up in rather unusual circumstances. When I was twelve, my father emigrated to Australia and for reasons I've never wanted to know, my mother didn't follow him. Eventually they got divorced, which was incredibly unusual at that time. So I was brought up by a very strong woman who set out to prove that her early failure, which is how she must have seen it, was not going to blight her children's lives. She went to nightschool, trained as a chartered accountant, and turned us middle-class. Meanwhile, I was the alpha male in the family. When I was about 14, my mother remarried a gentle giant. He was a wonderful man, but for me he was a second alpha male in the house and that meant I left home very early."

In 1964, Dennis moved into his first bedsit at 13 St Kildas Road, Harrow, earning rent playing in R&B bands and working as a window display artist in department stores. Briefly working as a sign-painter, he also enrolled at Harrow College of Art.

OZ
In 1967, Dennis began selling copies of the counterculture OZ magazine on the streets of London's Kings Road. Later, Dennis became a designer and worked with Jon Goodchild, the magazine's art director.

In 1969, Dennis wrote a world exclusive for OZ, the first ever review of Led Zeppelin's debut album. He was quickly promoted to co-editor and became involved in the longest conspiracy trial in English history over the infamous "Schoolkids OZ" issue. While Richard Neville was on holiday, Jim Anderson and Dennis had invited fifth- and sixth-form kids to edit the issue. They included a sexually explicit Rupert the Bear cartoon strip, which proved too much for the authorities and resulted in the arrest of Anderson, Neville and Dennis, who were charged with "conspiracy to corrupt public morals". The OZ offices in Princedale Road, Notting Hill, and the homes of its editors were repeatedly raided by Scotland Yard's Obscene Publications Squad.

John Lennon recorded the single God Save Oz/Do The Oz to raise money for a legal defence fund.

At the conclusion of the trial, the "OZ Three", defended by John Mortimer, were found not guilty on the charge of "Conspiracy to deprave and corrupt the Morals of the Young of the Realm", but were convicted on two lesser offences and sentenced to imprisonment. Dennis received a more lenient sentence than his co-defendants because he was, in the opinion of the judge, "much less intelligent" and therefore less culpable. These convictions were later quashed on appeal. Dennis later told author Jonathan Green that on the night before the appeal was heard, the OZ editors were taken to a secret meeting with the Chief Justice, Lord Widgery, who told them that they would be acquitted if they agreed to give up work on OZ. It is alleged that MPs Tony Benn and Michael Foot had interceded on their behalf.

Underground comix
In 1973, following acquittal by the Court of Appeal, Dennis went on to found his own magazine publishing company. When OZ closed down the following year the cOZmic was continued by Dennis and his company, Cozmic Comics/H. Bunch Associates (which published from 1972 to 1975). UK-based cartoonists published by Dennis included Edward Barker, Michael J. Weller, Dave Gibbons, Bryan Talbot, and Brian Bolland.

With the rising popularity of martial arts with the film Enter the Dragon, Dennis's Kung-Fu Monthly became a success just two years after the OZ trial, making over £60,000 in its first year. The magazine was published in 17 countries and ran for 13 years.

Computer magazines
Dennis was the second publisher of Personal Computer World which he later sold to VNU. He established MacUser, the worldwide rights of which he sold to Ziff Davis Publishing in the mid-1980s, but Dennis continued to publish the UK publication until its demise in 2015. In 1987, with Peter Godfrey and Bob Bartner, he co-founded MicroWarehouse, a company that pioneered direct IT marketing via high quality catalogues. The computer mail order company eventually went public on the NASDAQ in 1992. At the time it had 3,500 employees in 13 countries with worldwide sales in 2000 of $2.5 billion. It was sold to a private investment group in January 2000. This created the bulk of Dennis' personal wealth. Dennis also launched the successful UK IT title Computer Shopper.

1990s and 2000s
In 1995, Dennis Publishing created Maxim, a title that began on the back of a beer mat and became the world's biggest selling men's lifestyle magazine and global brand. In 1996, Dennis acquired a majority stake in what is now Dennis Publishing's flagship brand The Week which is published in the UK and US and translates to a global circulation of over 700,000 (ABC audited). Over the following years it purchased the remainder of shares from original founder Jolyon Connell and Jeremy O'Grady. 2003 saw the purchase of IFG Limited (I Feel Good) from Loaded founder James Brown. The purchase involved titles Viz, Fortean Times and Bizarre being added to the Dennis Publishing stable.

In June 2007, Dennis sold his US magazine operation, which published the magazines Blender, Maxim and Stuff to Alpha Media Group for a reported US$250 million although exact details were never disclosed.

In 2008, Dennis Publishing established digital magazines iGizmo, iMotor and Monkey along with the purchase of The First Post from the Kensington-based First Post Group for an undisclosed sum. The award-winning online magazine which gained a D&AD nomination for viral marketing was headed-up by former Daily Telegraph editor Mark Law and Evening Standard editor Nigel Horne. This title later morphed into The Week.

In 2013, Dennis was the sole owner of Dennis Publishing, with offices in both London and New York City. At that time, the company held over 50 magazine titles, digital magazines, websites and mobile sites in the UK including The Week, Auto Express, PC Pro, CarBuyer and Viz. The Week continued to be published in the US alongside Mental Floss magazine.

Writing and performance
In 2001, while at hospital, Dennis wrote his first poem on a post-it note. Within a year, he wrote his first book of verse A Glass Half Full, published by Hutchinson in the UK. The launch of this book was accompanied by the first of Dennis's UK-wide poetry reading tours entitled "Did I Mention the Free Wine?". Audiences were offered fine French wine from Dennis's personal cellar while watching him perform his poetry on stage. Dennis's poetry was featured on radio interviews and in the national press, and was the subject of television documentaries in both the UK and US.

In October 2003, Dennis appeared with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), along with RSC actors, reading from his work at the Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon. With the second publication of A Glass Half Full, by Random House in the US in 2004, Dennis embarked on a 15-date coast-to-coast tour of the US (including another RSC performance in New York). The same year Lone Wolf, Dennis's second book of verse came out, again accompanied by a 14-date UK tour.

In 2006, Dennis wrote a best-seller on how he became a multi-millionaire in How to Get Rich. As well as anecdotes from his life, the book describes his crack cocaine addiction and admission to spending over $100 million on drugs and women. 2010 saw the release of Dennis's follow-up to wealth creation book, 88 The Narrow Road, republished in 2011, as How To Make Money.

Five more poetry books have followed, When Jack Sued Jill: Nursery Rhymes for Modern Times, Island of Dreams, Homeless in my Heart. and Tales From The Woods At the end of 2008, Dennis again toured the UK and Ireland, 12-date tour coinciding with the release of Homeless in my Heart.

Both the 2008 and a further 21-date 2010 Did I Mention the Free Wine? tour were filmed and the footage used by Endemol for a one-off documentary Felix Dennis: Millionaire Poet. During production in early 2012, Dennis was diagnosed with throat cancer. As a result, production halted while he underwent treatment. During this time, Dennis compiled Love, Of A Kind, After his operation and radiotherapy, Dennis gave a TV interview with broadcaster Jon Snow. This was incorporated into the final cut of Felix Dennis: Millionaire Poet, aired on Sky Arts HD in 2012. In 2013 Dennis launched the 30-date ''Did I Mention The Free Wine? - The Cut-Throat Tour to support the publication of Love, Of A Kind''. The two-part tour covered the UK, Ireland and the continent during the summer and autumn months.

In the media
Dennis was credited with having been the first person to say the word "cunt" on live British television. On 7 November 1970, during an edition of David Frost's The Frost Programme, Frost referred to guest Jerry Rubin as a "reasonable man", Dennis, sitting in the audience, jokingly shouted out that Rubin was the "most unreasonable cunt I've ever known in my life".

In 2003, Dennis was interviewed by Melvyn Bragg on the South Bank Show, and was the subject of CBS's 60 Minutes in the US. He had appeared as the guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, hosted by Kirsty Young, first broadcast on 12 August 2007; his chosen favourite record, book and luxury item were "One Too Many Mornings" by Bob Dylan, The Dictionary of National Biography, and "a very long stainless steel shaft to encourage pole-dancing mermaids!" respectively.

In an interview with Ginny Dougary published in The Times in 2008 Dennis said that in the early 1980s he had killed a man, who had been abusing a woman he knew, by pushing him off a cliff. Dennis later said he had been talking "a load of hogwash" while drunk.

In 2012, Dennis was the subject of Felix Dennis: Millionaire Poet, produced by Endemol UK, and appeared on Sky Arts HD. He appeared on BBC Breakfast television in 2013, to talk about his life and poetry tour.

Tree planting
In 1995, Dennis planted his first small wood near Dorsington, Warwickshire. Subsequently, he conceived the idea of establishing a large native broadleaf forest, and founded The Forest of Dennis Ltd, a registered charity in 2003, which changed its name to The Heart of England Forest Ltd in 2011. Its mission is "the plantation, re-plantation, conservation and establishment of trees for the benefit of the public, together with the education of the public by the promulgation of knowledge and the appreciation of trees".

The charity at present employs 80 staff and owns and manages over 500 acres of woodland, much of it newly planted. Over 3,000 acres have been planted; in excess of 1,000,000 saplings have been planted to date. The forest also includes a small percentage of ancient woodland. Trees include native varieties of Oak, Ash, Lime, Beech, Hornbeam, Hazel, Field Maple, Aspen, Hawthorn, Willow, Alder, Black Poplar, Holly, Wild Cherry, Rowan and occasional stands of Scots pine, along with numerous shrubs and bushes. Where possible, saplings are sourced from locally collected seed. The planting of saplings will continue indefinitely with the aim of eventually providing between 10,000 and 20,000 acres. Dennis bequeathed a reported 80% of his fortune to ensure that the project will continue. The forest will eventually be opened to the public along with providing educational facilities for schools as well as provide green burial services to the local area. .

On Friday, 20 September 2013, Dennis planted the scheme's millionth tree, an oak sapling, at a ceremony attended by local residents, council members, forestry officials and employees.

Felix Dennis UG Dissertation Prize
Following the publication of a commissioned history of Dorsington, the village in Warwickshire, where Felix Dennis lived, he was encouraged by the editor of the History of Dorsington, Joan Lane, to support historical studies at the university where she was a lecturer. From 1999 to 2013 he sponsored a prize for the best final-year undergraduate dissertation at the Warwick University History Department.

Garden of Heroes and Villains bronze sculptures
Dennis had one of the largest private collections of original bronze sculpture held in his purpose-built Garden of Heroes and Villains. It contains more than 40 sculptures, life and a quarter in size, which include early man attacking a woolly mammoth, Galileo, Einstein, Winston Churchill, Crick and Watson, and more recent "heroes" such as Stephen Hawking, and is open to the public once a year as part of the National Gardens Scheme.

Mandalay Estate Mustique
In 1994 Dennis purchased 'Britannia Bay House' on Mustique from English musician David Bowie who had the villa built in 1989. The villa was renamed "Mandalay" by Dennis, but he was keen to preserve the original influence of design from Bowie.

While staying at Mandalay Estate, Dennis wrote:

A ball of fire is spilling in the sea The empty sky flamingo-pink and grey Cicada songs creak out the end of day A choir of tree-frogs whistle: "Come to me!”

In 2014 Dennis worked successfully on a programme with the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines government to give every secondary school pupil a laptop, totalling 12,500.

After his death, the estate was reportedly sold to entrepreneur Simon Dolan. The Writers Cottage that was added by Dennis and where he wrote some of his poetry is now a bedroom.

Death
Dennis died of throat cancer at his home in Dorsington, Warwickshire, on 22 June 2014, aged 67.

Awards and accolades

 * 1991: Marcus Morris Award.
 * 2002: Fellow of the National Library for the Blind in recognition of his continued support for that charity. Accordingly, many of Dennis's books are released as talking books and in Braille.
 * 2004: Fellow of the Wordsworth Trust.
 * 2008: Mark Boxer Lifetime Achievement Award from British Society of Magazines.
 * 2009: Belsky Award by Society of Editors & Portrait Sculptors.
 * 2010: Made Honorary Consul to his adopted country, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
 * 2013: Lifetime Achievement Award at the British Media Awards.

title: Felix Dennis


text:
HMS Engadine (1941)

HMS Engadine was a cargo ship laid down at the Greenock Dockyard Company, Greenock, Scotland on 16 March 1940, launched on 26 May 1941 and completed on 17 November 1941.

She was ordered by Clan Line, and was to be named Clan Buchanan (the previous Clan Buchanan having been sunk by the GERMAN AUXILIARY CRUISER Pinguin on 28 April 1941). However the Admiralty requisitioned her for the Royal Navy before completion and renamed after the first HMS Engadine (1911) for use as a seaplane depot ship.

She was loaned to the United States Navy from November 1942 until July 1943. After the war, she was restored to Clan Line in 1946 and given her originally-intended name. The ship was scrapped at Cartagena, Spain in November 1962.

title: HMS Engadine (1941)