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1925 in Canada

Events from the year 1925 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – George V

Federal government

 * Governor General – Julian Byng
 * Prime Minister – William Lyon Mackenzie King
 * Chief Justice – Francis Alexander Anglin (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 14th (until 5 September)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – Robert Brett (until October 29) then William Egbert
 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Walter Cameron Nichol
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – James Albert Manning Aikins
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – William Frederick Todd
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – MacCallum Grant (until January 12) then James Robson Douglas (January 12 to September 14) then James Cranswick Tory
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Henry Cockshutt
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Frank Richard Heartz
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Narcisse Pérodeau
 * Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Henry William Newlands

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta – Herbert Greenfield (until November 23) then John Edward Brownlee
 * Premier of British Columbia – John Oliver
 * Premier of Manitoba – John Bracken
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Peter Veniot (until September 14) then John Baxter
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – Ernest Howard Armstrong (until July 16) then Edgar Nelson Rhodes
 * Premier of Ontario – George Howard Ferguson
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – James D. Stewart
 * Premier of Quebec – Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
 * Premier of Saskatchewan – Charles Avery Dunning

Commissioners

 * Gold Commissioner of Yukon – George P. MacKenzie (until April 1) then Percy Reid
 * Commissioner of Northwest Territories – William Wallace Cory

Events

 * February 5 – Post Office workers are brought under civil service regulations.
 * February 24 – The Lake of the Woods Treaty works out joint Canadian-American control of the Lake of the Woods.
 * April 13 – Women win the right to vote in Newfoundland.
 * May 28 – Roddick Gates unveiled in Montreal.
 * June 2 – 1925 Saskatchewan general election: Charles Dunning's Liberals win a sixth consecutive majority
 * June 10 – The United Church of Canada opens for services.
 * June 11 – Coal miner William Davis was killed by police in the culmination of a long Cape Breton Island strike.
 * June 23 – First ascent of Mount Logan, the highest mountain in Canada.
 * June 26 – A strike of miners in Drumheller, Alberta ends in violent confrontations.
 * July 16 – Edgar Rhodes becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing Ernest Armstrong.
 * September 14 – John Baxter becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Peter Veniot
 * October 29 – Federal election: Arthur Meighen's Conservatives win a plurality (116 seats), defeating Mackenzie King's Liberals (99 seats). However, King does not resign as prime minister; he will try to govern with a minority government with the support of smaller parties and independent MPs (30 seats)
 * November 23 – John Brownlee becomes premier of Alberta, replacing Charles Stewart
 * The Canadian Legion of the British Empire Service League, later the Royal Canadian Legion, is formed by the amalgamation of several veterans' organizations, such as the Great War Veterans Association.
 * The federal divorce law was changed to allow a woman to divorce her husband on the same grounds that a man could divorce his wife – simple adultery. Before this, a woman had to prove adultery in conjunction with other acts such as "sodomy" or bestiality in order to initiate a divorce.

Arts and literature

 * October 1 – The Vancouver School of Applied and Decorative Arts opened its doors.

Sport

 * March 23 and 25 – South Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League's Regina Pats win their first Memorial Cup by defeating the Ontario Hockey Association's Toronto Aura Lee 7 to 3 in a 2-game aggregate played in Arena Gardens in Toronto
 * March 30 – Western Canada Hockey League's Victoria Cougars win their only Stanley Cup by defeating the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens 3 games to 1. The deciding game was played at Vancouver's Denman Arena. The Cougars are the last non-NHL team to win the Stanley Cup, as they would soon become the Detroit Red Wings
 * December 5 – The Ottawa Senators win their first Grey Cup by defeating the Winnipeg Tammany Tigers 24 to 1 in the 13th Grey Cup played at Ottawa's Lansdowne Park

January to June

 * January 26 – Claude Ryan, politician (d. 2004)
 * February 1 – Hugh Horner, politician, physician and surgeon (d. 1997)
 * February 7 – Hans Schmidt, professional wrestler (d. 2012)
 * March 2 – Bernard Jean, lawyer and politician, member (1960–1970) and Speaker (1963–1966) of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (d. 2012)
 * March 23 – Wilson Duff, anthropologist (d. 1976)
 * March 25 – Daniel Yanofsky, chess player, Canada's first chess grandmaster (d. 2000)
 * March 26 – Ben Mondor, baseball executive (Pawtucket Red Sox) (d. 2010)
 * April 1 – Tobie Steinhouse, artist
 * April 4 – Claude Wagner, judge and politician (d. 1979)
 * April 11 – Pierre Péladeau, businessman (d. 1997)
 * May 18 – Robin Blaser, author and poet (d. 2009)

July to September

 * July 21 – Johnny Peirson, ice hockey player (d. 2021)
 * July 25 – Charmion King, actress (d. 2007)
 * July 29 – Ted Lindsay, ice hockey player (d. 2019)
 * August 2 – William Andres, politician (d. 2010)
 * August 11 – Floyd Curry, ice hockey player (d. 2006)
 * August 15 – Oscar Peterson, jazz pianist and composer (d. 2007)
 * August 22 – Terry Donahue, female professional baseball player (d. 2019)
 * September 4 – Calvin Ruck, anti-racism activist and Senator (d. 2004)
 * September 11 – Harry Somers, composer (d. 1999)
 * September 24 – Dan Heap, politician (d. 2014)

October to December

 * October 2 – Wren Blair, hockey coach and manager (Minnesota North Stars, Pittsburgh Penguins) (d. 2013)
 * October 6 – Bud Olson, politician, Minister and Senator (d. 2002)
 * October 12 – Denis Lazure, politician (d. 2008)
 * October 21 – Peter Dickinson, architect (d. 1961)
 * October 21 – Louis Robichaud, lawyer, politician and 25th Premier of New Brunswick (d. 2005)
 * November 8 – Allan Lawrence, politician and Minister (d. 2008)
 * November 10 – Doris Anderson, author, journalist and women's rights activist (d. 2007)
 * November 12 – Agnes Nanogak, illustrator (d. 2001)
 * December 5 – Dave Broadfoot, comedian (d. 2016)
 * December 25 – Robert Layton, politician (d. 2002)
 * December 29 – Colleen Thibaudeau, poet and short-story writer (d. 2012)

January to June

 * January 25 – Charles-Eusèbe Dionne, naturalist and taxidermist (b. 1845)
 * March 3 – William Pugsley, lawyer, politician and 10th Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1850)
 * March 16 – Richard Butler, editor, publisher, journalist and U.S. vice-consul (b. 1834)
 * May 4 – James Cunningham, merchant and politician (b. 1834)
 * May 25 – Margaret Mick, prison guard, first female Canadian peace officer to be killed in the line of duty (b. 1860)
 * June 18 – William Brymner, art teacher and painter (b. 1855)

July to December

 * August 15 – Adam Beck, politician and hydro-electricity advocate (b. 1857)
 * September 6 – George Henry Bradbury, politician (b. 1859)
 * November 2 – James Alexander Lougheed, businessman and politician (b. 1854)

Historical documents
Rabbi claims only way to international peace is through righteousness

Charles Saunders' search for Prairies-hardy variety of wheat leads to Marquis, "which has meant millions of dollars to this country

Stephen Leacock resents requirement that works of authors seeking Canadian copyright must be printed in Canada

Radio station CKAC of La Presse claims to encourage expat Québécois/e to return and to keep farmers on their farms

United Church of Canada Basis of Union accommodates doctrines of three Protestant denominations

PM King blames loss of election and his seat on big interests' money and Liberal Party's lack of organization

Minnie Bell Sharp, first New Brunswick female candidate for MP, runs on soldiers, mothers and other issues

With transition from Czar to Soviets in Russia, Doukhobors split on returning there from Canada

Newlywed Mountie writes of his new home life in Dawson City, Yukon

Beautiful brochure for Empress of France round-the-world cruise to see "costumes, crafts and civilizations of fifty different races"

title: 1925 in Canada


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Anna Seward

Anna Seward (12 December 1742  – 25 March 1809) was an English Romantic poet, often called the Swan of Lichfield. She benefited from her father's progressive views on female education.

Family life
Seward was the elder of two surviving daughters of Thomas Seward (1708–1790), a prebendary of Lichfield and Salisbury and an author, and his wife Elizabeth. Elizabeth later had three further children (John, Jane and Elizabeth), who all died in infancy, and two stillbirths. Anna Seward mourned their loss in her poem Eyam (1788). Born in 1742 at Eyam, a mining village in the Peak District of Derbyshire, where her father was Rector, she and her sister Sarah, some 16 months younger, passed nearly all their life in that small area of the Peak District of Derbyshire, and at Lichfield, a cathedral city in adjacent Staffordshire.

In 1749, Anna's father was appointed a Canon-Residentiary at Lichfield Cathedral. The family moved there, where her father educated her at home. In 1754 they moved into the Bishop's Palace in Cathedral Close. When a family friend, Mrs Edward Sneyd, died in 1756, the Sewards took in one of her daughters, Honora Sneyd, who became an adopted foster sister to Anna. Honora was nine years younger. Anna Seward described in a poem, The Anniversary (1769), how she and her sister first met Honora on returning from a walk. Sarah (known as Sally) died suddenly of typhus at the age of 19 in 1764. She was said to have an admirable character, though less talented than her sister. Anna consoled herself with affection for Honora Sneyd, as she describes in Visions, written a few days after her sister's death. There she expresses a hope that Honora ("this transplanted flower") would replace her sister (referred to as Alinda) in her and her parents' affections.

Anna Seward cared for her father in the last ten years of his life, after he had suffered a stroke. When he died in 1790, he left her financially independent with an income of £400 per annum. She continued to dwell at the Bishop's Palace until she died in 1809.

Anecdotes
Seward, as a long-term friend of the Levett family of Lichfield, noted in her Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Darwin (Erasmus) that three of the town's foremost citizens were thrown from their carriages and injured their knees in the same year. "No such misfortune," Seward wrote, "was previously remembered in that city, nor has it recurred through all the years which since elapsed."

Education and career
Anna showed a bent for learning from early childhood. Canon Seward, author of The Female Right to Literature (1748), held progressive views on female education. Encouraged by her father, Anna was said to be able to recite works of Milton by the age of three.

Her gift for writing was clear at the age of seven, when the family moved to Lichfield. The family home in the Bishop's Palace became the centre of a literary circle that included Erasmus Darwin, Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, where Anna was encouraged to join in, as she later relates. Canon Seward's (if not his wife's) attitudes to educating girls was progressive for the time, but not excessively so. He was a poet himself, yet tried to curb Anna's passion for poetry, although she chose the composition of it for her own studies. Among the subjects he taught were theology and numeracy, how to read and appreciate poetry, and how to write and recite it, although these deviated from the conventional drawing-room accomplishments of the time. The omissions were also notable, including languages and science, although the girls could pursue them alone if they felt inclined. Nor was Anna unskilled in domestic matters.

Among many literary figures Anna Seward conversed with was Sir Walter Scott, who later published her poetry posthumously. Also in her circle were the writers Thomas Day, Francis Noel Clarke Mundy, Sir Brooke Boothby, Willie Newton (the Peak Minstrel) and Mary Martha Sherwood. She came to be seen as heading a coterie of regional poets, influenced by writers such as Thomas Whalley, William Hayley, Robert Southey, Helen Maria Williams, Hannah More and the Ladies of Llangollen. She was also involved in the Lunar Society in Birmingham, which would sometimes meet at their home. Both Darwin and Day belonged. Seward corresponded with other members such as Josiah Wedgwood and Richard Lovell Edgeworth.

Between 1775 and 1781, Seward was a guest and participant at a much-mocked salon held by Anna Miller at Batheaston, near Bath. However, it was there that Seward's talent was recognised. Her work appeared in the yearbook of poems from the gatherings, a debt that Seward acknowledged in "Poem to the Memory of Lady Miller" (1782).

Relationships
Seward remained single, despite offers and friendships. She was outspoken about the institution of marriage, not unlike her heroine in Louisa, a position later echoed in the novels of her step-niece, Maria Edgeworth. She shunned marriage and sexual love as inferior to the equality and virtue of Aristotelian friendship. She had friends of both genders, although only seeking romantic relations with women. In 1985 Lillian Faderman suggested that her orientation was lesbian, but there is little known evidence of the erotic or sexual in her ties and the term relates more to 20th than to 18th-century concepts of identity. Since 1985, Seward remains within the lesbian poetic canon, but Teresa Barnard argues against this, based more on examining her correspondence than on her poetry, while more recently Redford Barrett has argued for it, based on other sources. It is also known that Seward named her pet dog Sappho, after the sixth-century BCE poet of the same name.

Much of the literature on Seward's relations focuses on her childhood friend Honora Sneyd: sonnets reveal her passion for her when they were together and her despair when Sneyd married Richard Edgeworth. Compared with the correspondence, her sonnets display more intense emotion, such as Sonnet 10 ("Honora, shou'd that cruel time arrive"), which describes feelings of betrayal. When the Edgeworths moved to Ireland, despair turned to anger, as in Sonnet 14 ("Ingratitude, how deadly is thy smart").

Poetry
Seward began to write poetry early with encouragement from her father, a published poet, but against the wishes of her mother. When Anna was 16, her father revised his position, fearing she might become a "learned lady". Later she was encouraged by Dr Erasmus Darwin, who set up a medical practice in Lichfield in 1756, although their relations with him included frequent conflicts.

Her verses, which date from at least 1759, include elegies and sonnets, and a verse-novel, Louisa (1784), of which five editions were published. However, she did not publish her first poem until 1780, at the age of 38. Seward's many letters and other writings have been called "commonplace". Horace Walpole said she had "no imagination, no novelty", but she was praised by Mary Scott, who had written admiringly of her father's attitude to female education.

Several poems, particularly Lichfield ones, concern her friend and adopted sister Honora Sneyd, in a tradition described as "female friendship poetry". Seward struck a middle path in a period when women had to tread carefully. Her work could also be arch and teasing, as in her poem Portrait of Miss Levett, on a Lichfield beauty later married to Rev. Richard Levett. She contributed to Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson (1791), but was less than happy with Boswell's treatment of her material. Her work circulated widely.

Authorship has been a continuing problem in assessing her work. She was known to suggest others had used her work as their own: "a charge of plagiarism must rest somewhere."

Correspondence and biography
Seward was a prodigious correspondent. Six vast volumes of her letters appeared posthumously in 1811, revealing broad knowledge of English literature and casting light on Midland literary culture in her day. Early on, in 1762–1768, she used an imaginary friend, Emma, to express her thoughts, writing 39 letters to her. She was seen variously as an authority on English literature by contemporaries such as Walter Scott, Samuel Johnson and Robert Southey. She also wrote a biography: Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Darwin (1804).

Science
Keenly interested in botany, Seward associated closely with the Lichfield Botanical Society (despite the name, composed of only three men: Erasmus Darwin, Sir Brooke Boothby and John Jackson) and published anonymously in its name. She was encouraged by Darwin to reject a conservative backlash to the revelations of Carl Linnaeus's sexual system of plant classification. This was seen as unfitting for ladies' modesty. "'I had heard it was not fit for the female eye. It can only be unfit for the perusal of such females as still believe the legend of their nursery that children are dug out of a parsley-bed; who have never been at church, or looked into a Bible, – and are totally ignorant that in the present state of the world, two sexes are necessary to the production of animals.'"

This caution prevailed through most of the 19th century, typically from writers such as Richard Polwhele, in his poem The Unsex'd Females (1798), although she escaped his personal criticism, being considered to have a proper attitude.

Selected works
Selected works include;

 * The Visions, an Elegy (1764)
 * The Anniversary (1769)
 * Lichfield, an elegy (May 1781)
 * Poem to the Memory of Lady Miller (1782)
 * Eyam. (August 1788)
 * Louisa, A Poetical Novel in Four Epistles (1784)
 * Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Darwin (1804)
 * Original Sonnets on Various Subjects: And Odes Paraphrased from Horace (1799)
 * Sonnet 10. To Honora Sneyd. [Honora, shou'd that cruel time arrive]
 * Sonnet 14 [Ingratitude, how deadly is thy smart]

Legacy
After Seward's death, Sir Walter Scott edited her Poetical Works in three volumes (Edinburgh, 1810). To these he prefixed a memoir of the author and extracts from her correspondence. Scott's editing shows considerable censorship and he declined to edit the bulk of her letters, which later appeared in six volumes from Archibald Constable as Letters of Anna Seward 1784–1807 (1811). Her reputation barely outlived her, but interest revived in the 21st century, after some dismissive views among early 20th-century critics. Later feminist scholars in particular have seen Seward as a valuable observer of gendered relations in late 18th-century society, playing a transitional role in its principles and emerging romanticism. Her stance on the political, cultural and literary issues of the time likewise reflects the social responses to such issues. Kairoff sees her as "one of the — in a literal sense — ultimate eighteenth-century poets".

There is a plaque to Anna Seward (spelt Ann) in Lichfield Cathedral by the entrance; Anne herself is buried underneath the choir stalls. The epitaph was written by her friend Walter Scott. Seward appears as a character in the novel The Ladies by Doris Grumbach (1984).

Archives
A collection of letters relating to Seward can be found in the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.

Literary surveys

 * In
 * In

Anna Seward

 * (1941–1942)
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * (1941–1942)
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * (1941–1942)
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * (1941–1942)
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward
 * Pearson, H. (ed.) (1936) The Swan of Lichfield. Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Anna Seward

Works by Seward

 * Volume 1
 * Volume 2
 * Volume 3
 * Volume 4
 * Volume 5
 * Volume 6
 * (1992–1993)
 * Volume 1
 * Volume 2
 * Volume 3
 * Volume 1
 * Volume 2
 * Volume 3

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Anna Seward


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Talk:Gibraltar Anthem

Untitled
Does this have a more official name? "Rock On Which I Stand" or some such? - Hephaestos 17:04, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

To the best of the my knowledge, it's simply the Gibraltar Anthem - Chrism 17:00, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gibraltar Anthem


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Alexander Luria

Alexander Romanovich Luria (Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Лу́рия; 16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a Soviet neuropsychologist, often credited as a father of modern neuropsychology. He developed an extensive and original battery of neuropsychological tests during his clinical work with brain-injured victims of World War II, which are still used in various forms. He made an in-depth analysis of the functioning of various brain regions and integrative processes of the brain in general. Luria's magnum opus, Higher Cortical Functions in Man (1962), is a much-used psychological textbook which has been translated into many languages and which he supplemented with The Working Brain in 1973.

It is less known that Luria's main interests, before the war, were in the field of cultural and developmental research in psychology. He became famous for his studies of low-educated populations of nomadic Uzbeks in the Uzbek SSR arguing that they demonstrate different (and lower) psychological performance than their contemporaries and compatriots under the economically more developed conditions of socialist collective farming (the kolkhoz). He was one of the founders of Cultural-Historical Psychology and a colleague of Lev Vygotsky. Apart from his work with Vygotsky, Luria is widely known for two extraordinary psychological case studies: The Mind of a Mnemonist, about Solomon Shereshevsky, who had highly advanced memory; and The Man with a Shattered World, about Lev Zasetsky, a man with a severe traumatic brain injury.

During his career Luria worked in a wide range of scientific fields at such institutions as the Academy of Communist Education (1920-1930s), Experimental Defectological Institute (1920-1930s, 1950-1960s, both in Moscow), Ukrainian Psychoneurological Academy (Kharkiv, early 1930s), All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, and the Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery (late 1930s). A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Luria as the 69th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Life and career
<! We cannot have such a large prosaic piece verbatim. Needs to be rephrased: The following is cited from A.R. Luria Biography by Michael Cole Alexander Luria was born in Kazan, an old Russian University town east of Moscow. He entered Kazan University at the age of 16 and obtained his degree in 1921 at the age of 19. He studied in this period under the logician Nicolai A. Vasiliev, who also taught psychology at the same university. While still a student, he established the Kazan Psychoanalytic Association, and planned on a career in psychology. His earliest research sought to establish objective methods for assessing Freudian ideas about abnormalities of thought and the effects of fatigue on mental processes.

In 1923 his use of reaction time measures to study thought processes in the context of work settings won him a position at the Institute of Psychology in Moscow where he developed a psychodiagnostic procedure he referred to as the "combined motor method" for diagnosing individual subjects' thought processes. In this method (described in detail in Luria, 1932), subjects are asked to carry out three tasks simultaneously. One hand is to be held steady while the other is used to press a key or squeeze a rubber bulb in response to verbal stimuli presented by the experimenter, to which the subject is asked to respond verbally with the first word to come to mind. Preliminary trials are presented until a steady baseline of coordination is established. At this point, "critical" stimuli which the experimenter believes to be related to specific thoughts in the subject are presented. Evidence for the ability to "read the subject's mind" is the selective disruption of the previously established coordinated system by the critical test stimuli. This method was applied to a variety of naturally occurring and experimentally induced cases, providing a model system for psychodiagnosis that won widespread attention in the west when it was published. The book describing these studies was published in Russian only in 2002, owing to its association with psychoanalytic theorizing which was disapproved of by Soviet authorities.

In 1924 Luria met Lev Semionovich Vygotsky, whose influence was decisive in shaping his future career. Together with Vygotsky and Alexei Nikolaivitch Leontiev, Luria sought to establish an approach to psychology that would enable them to "discover the way natural processes such as physical maturation and sensory mechanisms become intertwined with culturally determined processes to produce the psychological functions of adults" (Luria, 1979, p. 43). Vygotsky and his colleagues referred to this new approach variably as "cultural," "historical," and "instrumental" psychology. These three labels all index the centrality of cultural mediation in the constitution of specifically human psychological processes, and the role of the social environment in structuring the processes by which children appropriate the cultural tools of their society in the process of ontogeny. An especially heavy emphasis was placed on the role of language, the "tool of tools" in this process: the acquisition of language was seen as the pivotal moment when phylogeny and cultural history are merged to form specifically human forms of thought, feeling, and action.

From the late 1920s until his death, Luria sought to elaborate this synthetic, cultural-historical psychology in different content areas of psychology. In the early 1930s he led two expeditions to Central Asia where he investigated changes in perception, problem solving, and memory associated with historical changes in economic activity and schooling. During this same period he carried out studies of identical and fraternal twins raised in a large residential school to reveal the dynamic relations between phylogenetic and cultural-historical factors in the development of language and thought.

In the late 1930s, largely to remove himself from public view owing to the period of purges initiated by Stalin, Luria entered medical school where he specialized in the study of aphasia, retaining his focus on the relation between language and thought in a politically neutral arena. The onset of World War 2 made his specialized knowledge of crucial importance to the Soviet war effort, and the tragic widespread availability of people with various forms of traumatic brain injury provided him with voluminous materials for developing his theories of brain function and methods for the remediation of focal brain lesions. It was during this period that he developed the systematic approach to brain and cognition which has come to be known as the discipline of neuropsychology. Central to his approach was the belief that "to understand the brain foundations for psychological activity, one must be prepared to study both the brain and the system of activity" (1979, p. 173). This insistence on linking brain structure and function to the proximal, culturally organized, environment provides the thread of continuity between the early and later parts of Luria's career.

Following the war Luria sought to continue his work in neuropsychology. His plans were interrupted for several years when he was removed from the Institute of Neurosurgery during a period of particularly virulent anti-semitic repression. During this time he pursued his scientific interests through a series of studies of the development of language and thought in mentally disabled children.

In the late 1950s, Luria was permitted to return to the study of neuropsychology, which he pursued until his death of heart failure in 1977. In the years just prior to his death, he returned to earliest dreams of constructing a unified psychology. He published two case studies, one of a man with an exceptional and idiosyncratic memory (Luria, 1968), the other of a man who had had a traumatic brain injury (Luria, 1972). These two case studies illustrate his blend of classical, experimental approaches with clinical and remediational approach, a synthesis that stands as a model for late 20th Century cognitive science. >

Early life and childhood
Luria was born on 16 July 1902, to Jewish parents in Kazan, a regional centre east of Moscow. Many of his family were in medicine. According to Luria's biographer Evgenia Homskaya, his father, Roman Albertovich Luria was a therapist who "worked as a professor at the University of Kazan; and after the Russian Revolution, he became a founder and chief of the Kazan Institute of Advanced Medical Education." Two monographs of his father's writings were published in Russian under the titles, Stomach and Gullet Illnesses (1935) and Inside Look at Illness and Gastrogenic Diseases (1935). His mother, Evgenia Viktorovna (née Khaskina), became a practicing dentist after finishing college in Poland. Luria was one of two children; his younger sister Lydia became a practicing psychiatrist.

Early education and move to Moscow
Luria finished school ahead of schedule and completed his first degree in 1921 at Kazan State University. While still a student in Kazan, he established the Kazan Psychoanalytic Society and briefly exchanged letters with Sigmund Freud. Late in 1923, he moved to Moscow, where he lived on Arbat Street. His parents later followed him and settled down nearby. In Moscow, Luria was offered a position at the Moscow State Institute of Experimental Psychology, run from November 1923 by Konstantin Kornilov.

In 1924, Luria met Lev Vygotsky, who would influence him greatly. The union of the two psychologists gave birth to what subsequently was termed the Vygotsky, or more precisely, the Vygotsky-Luria Circle. During the 1920s Luria also met a large number of scholars, including Aleksei Leontiev, Mark Lebedinsky, Alexander Zaporozhets, Bluma Zeigarnik, many of whom would remain his lifelong colleagues. Following Vygotsky and along with him, in mid-1920s Luria launched a project of developing a psychology of a radically new kind. This approach fused "cultural", "historical", and "instrumental" psychology and is most commonly referred to presently as cultural-historical psychology. It emphasizes the mediatory role of culture, particularly language, in the development of higher psychological functions in ontogeny and phylogeny.

Independently of Vygotsky, Luria developed the ingenious "combined motor method," which helped diagnose individuals' hidden or subdued emotional and thought processes. This research was published in the US in 1932 as The Nature of Human Conflicts and made him internationally famous as one of the leading psychologists in Soviet Russia. In 1937, Luria submitted the manuscript in Russian and defended it as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Tbilisi (not published in Russian until 2002).

Luria wrote three books during the 1920s after moving to Moscow, The Nature of Human Conflicts (in Russian, but during Luria's lifetime published only in English translation in 1932 in the US), Speech and Intellect in Child Development, and Speech and Intellect of Urban, Rural and Homeless Children (both in Russian). The second title came out in 1928, while the other two were published in the 1930s.

In early 1930s both Luria and Vygotsky started their medical studies in Kharkiv, then, after Vygotsky's death in 1934, Luria completed his medical education at 1st Moscow Medical Institute.

Multiculturalism and neurology
The 1930s were significant to Luria because his studies of indigenous people opened the field of multiculturalism to his general interests. This interest would be revived in the later twentieth century by a variety of scholars and researchers who began studying and defending indigenous peoples throughout the world. Luria's work continued in this field with expeditions to Central Asia. Under the supervision of Vygotsky, Luria investigated various psychological changes (including perception, problem solving, and memory) that take place as a result of cultural development of undereducated minorities. In this regard he has been credited with a major contribution to the study of orality.

In response to Lysenkoism's purge of geneticists, Luria decided to pursue a physician degree, which he completed with honors in the summer of 1937. After rewriting and reorganizing his manuscript for The Nature of Human Conflicts, he defended it for a doctoral dissertation at the Institute of Tbilisi in 1937, and was appointed Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences. "At the age of thirty-four, he was one of the youngest professors of psychology in the country." In 1933, Luria married Lana P. Lipchina, a well-known specialist in microbiology with a doctorate in the biological sciences. The couple lived in Moscow on Frunze Street, where their only daughter Lena (Elena) was born.

Luria also studied identical and fraternal twins in large residential schools to determine the interplay of various factors of cultural and genetic human development. In his early neuropsychological work in the end of the 1930s as well as throughout his postwar academic life he focused on the study of aphasia, focusing on the relation between language, thought, and cortical functions, particularly on the development of compensatory functions for aphasia.

World War II and aftermath
For Luria, the war with Germany that ended in 1945 resulted in a number of significant developments for the future of his career in neuropsychology. He was appointed Doctor of Medical Sciences in 1943 and Professor in 1944. Of specific importance for Luria was that he was assigned by the government to care for nearly 800 hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury caused by the war. Luria's treatment methods dealt with a wide range of emotional and intellectual dysfunctions. He kept meticulous notes on these patients, and discerned from them three possibilities for functional recovery: "(1) disinhibition of a temporarily blocked function; (2) involvement of the vicarious potential of the opposite hemisphere; and (3) reorganization of the function system", which he described in a book titled Functional Recovery From Military Brain Wounds, (Moscow, 1948, Russian only.) A second book titled Traumatic Aphasia was written in 1947 in which "Luria formulated an original conception of the neural organization of speech and its disorders (aphasias) that differed significantly from the existing western conceptions about aphasia." Soon after the end of the war, Luria was assigned a permanent position in General Psychology at the central Moscow State University in General Psychology, where he would predominantly stay for the remainder of his life; he was instrumental in the foundation of the Faculty of Psychology, and later headed the Departments of Patho- and Neuropsychology. By 1946, his father, the chief of the gastroenterological clinics at Botkin Hospital, had died of stomach cancer. His mother survived several more years, dying in 1950.

1950s
Following the war, Luria continued his work in Moscow's Institute of Psychology. For a period of time he was removed from the Institute of Psychology, and in the 1950s he shifted to research on intellectually disabled children at the Defectological Institute. Here he did his most pioneering research in child psychology, and was able to permanently disassociate himself from the influence that was then still exerted in the Soviet Union by Pavlov's early research. Luria said publicly that his own interests were limited to a specific examination of "Pavlov's second signal system" and did not concern Pavlov's simplified primary explanation of human behavior as based on a "conditioned reflex by means of positive reinforcement". Luria's continued interest in the regulative function of speech was further revisited in the mid-1950s and was summarized in his 1957 monograph titled The Role of Speech in the Regulation of Normal and Abnormal Behavior. In this book Luria summarized his principal concerns in this field through three succinct points summarized by Homskaya as: "(1) the role of speech in the development of mental processes; (2) the development of the regulative function of speech; and (3) changes in the regulative functions of speech caused by various brain pathologies."

Luria's main contributions to child psychology during the 1950s are well summarized by the research collected in a two-volume compendium of collected research published in Moscow in 1956 and 1958 under the title of Problems of Higher Nervous System Activity in Normal and Anomalous Children. Homskaya summarizes Luria's approach as centering on: "The application of the Method of Motor Associations (which) allowed investigators to reveal difficulties experienced by (unskilled) children in the process of forming conditioned links as well as restructuring and compensating by means of speech ... (Unskilled) children demonstrated acute dysfunction of the generalizing and regulating functions of speech." Taking this direction, already by the mid-1950s, "Luria for the first time proposed his ideas about the differences of neurodynamic processes in different functional systems, primarily in verbal and motor systems." Luria identified the three stages of language development in children in terms of "the formation of the mechanisms of voluntary actions: actions in the absence of a regulative verbal influence, actions with a nonspecific influence, and, finally, actions with a selective verbal influence." For Luria, "The regulating function of speech thus appears as a main factor in the formation of voluntary behavior ... at first, the activating function is formed, and then the inhibitory, regulatory function."

Cold War
In the 1960s, at the height of the Cold War, Luria's career expanded significantly with the publication of several new books. Of special note was the publication in 1962 of Higher Cortical Functions in Man and Their Impairment Caused by Local Brain Damage. The book has been translated into multiple foreign languages and has been recognized as the principal book establishing Neuropsychology as a medical discipline in its own right. Previously, at the end of the 1950s, Luria's charismatic presence at international conferences had attracted almost worldwide attention to his research, which created a receptive medical audience for the book.

Luria's other books written or co-authored during the 1960s included: Higher Brain and Mental Processes (1963), The Neuropsychological Analysis of Problem Solving (1966, with L. S. Tzvetkova; English translation in 1990), Psychophysiology of the Frontal Lobes (first published in 1973), and Memory Disorders in Patients with Aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery (co-authored with A. N. Konovalov and A. N. Podgoynaya). In studying memory disorders, Luria oriented his research to the distinction of long-term memory, short-term memory, and semantic memory. It was important for Luria to differentiate neuropsychological pathologies of memory from neuropsychological pathologies of intellectual operations. These two types of pathology were often characterized by Luria as; "(1) the inability to make particular arithmetical operations while the general control of intellectual activity remained normal (predominantly occipital disturbances)... (2) the disability of general control over intellectual processes (predominantly frontal lobe disturbances." Another of Luria's important book-length studies from the 1960s which would only be published in 1975 (and in English in 1976) was his well-received book titled Basic Problems of Neurolinguistics.

Late writings
Luria's productive rate of writing new books in neuropsychology remained largely undiminished during the 1970s and the last seven years of his life. Significantly, volume two of his Human Brain and Mental Processes appeared in 1970 under the title Neuropsychological Analysis of Conscious Activity, following the first volume from 1963 titled The Brain and Psychological Processes. The volume confirmed Luria's long sustained interest in studying the pathology of frontal lobe damage as compromising the seat of higher-order voluntary and intentional planning. Psychopathology of the Frontal Lobes, co-edited with Karl Pribram, was published in 1973.

Luria published his well-known book The Working Brain in 1973 as a concise adjunct volume to his 1962 book Higher Cortical Functions in Man. In this volume, Luria summarized his three-part global theory of the working brain as being composed of three constantly co-active processes, which he described as:
 * 1) the attentional (sensory-processing) system
 * 2) the mnestic-programming system
 * 3) the energetic maintenance system, with two levels: cortical and limbic

This model was later used as a structure of the Functional Ensemble of Temperament model matching functionality of neurotransmitter systems. The two books together are considered by Homskaya as "among Luria's major works in neuropsychology, most fully reflecting all the aspects (theoretical, clinical, experimental) of this new discipline."

Among his late writings are also two extended case studies directed toward the popular press and a general readership, in which he presented some of the results of major advances in the field of clinical neuropsychology. These two books are among his most popular writings. According to Oliver Sacks, in these works "science became poetry".
 * 1) In The Mind of a Mnemonist (1968), Luria studied Solomon Shereshevsky, a Russian journalist with a seemingly unlimited memory, sometimes referred to in contemporary literature as "flashbulb" memory, in part due to his fivefold synesthesia.
 * 2) In The Man with the Shattered World (1971) he documented the recovery under his treatment of the soldier Lev Zasetsky, who had experienced a brain wound in World War II.

In 1974 and 1976, Luria presented successively his two-volume research study titled The Neuropsychology of Memory. The first volume was titled Memory Dysfunctions Caused by Local Brain Damage and the second Memory Dysfunctions Caused by Damage to Deep Cerebral Structures. Luria's book written in the 1960s titled Basic Problems of Neurolinguistics was finally published in 1975, and was matched by his last book, Language and Cognition, published posthumously in 1980. Luria's last co-edited book, with Homskaya, was titled Problems of Neuropsychology and appeared in 1977. In it, Luria was critical of simplistic models of behaviorism and indicated his preference for the position of "Anokhin's concept of 'functional systems,' in which the reflex arc is substituted by the notion of a 'reflex ring' with a feedback loop." In this approach, the classical physiology of reflexes was to be downplayed while the "physiology of activity" as described by Bernshtein was to be emphasized concerning the active character of human active functioning.

Luria's death is recorded by Homskaya in the following words: "On June 1, 1977, the All-Union Psychological Congress started its work in Moscow. As its organizer, Luria introduced the section on neuropsychology. The next day's meeting, however, he was not able to attend. His wife Lana Pimenovna, who was extremely sick, had an operation on June 2. During the following two and a half months of his life, Luria did everything possible to save or at least to soothe his wife. Not being able to comply with this task, he died of a myocardial infarction on August 14. His funeral was attended by an endless number of people -- psychologists, teachers, doctors, and just friends. His wife died six months later."

Main areas of research
In her biography of Luria, Homskaya summarized the six main areas of Luria's research over his lifetime in accordance with the following outline: (1) The Socio-historical Determination of the Human Psyche, (2) The Biological (Genetic) Determination of the Human Psyche, (3) Higher Psychological Functions Mediated by Signs-Symbols; The Verbal System as the Main System of Signs (along with Luria's well-known three-part differentiation of it), (4) The Systematic Organization of Psychological Functions and Consciousness (along with Luria's well-known four-part outline of this), (5) Cerebral Mechanisms of the Mind (Brain and Psyche); Links between Psychology and Physiology, and (6) The Relationship between Theory and Practice.

A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Luria as the 69th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Principal research trends
As examples of the vigorous growth of new research related to Luria's original research during his own lifetime are the fields of linguistic aphasia, anterior lobe pathology, speech dysfunction, and child neuropsychology.

Linguistic aphasia
Luria's neuropsychological theory of language and speech distinguished clearly between the phases that separate inner language within the individual consciousness and spoken language intended for communication between individuals intersubjectively. It was of special significance for Luria not only to distinguish the sequential phases required to get from inner language to serial speech, but also to emphasize the difference of encoding of subjective inner thought as it develops into intersubjective speech. This was in contrast to the decoding of spoken speech as it is communicated from other individuals and decoded into subjectively understood inner language. In the case of the encoding of inner language, Luria expressed these successive phases as moving first from inner language to semantic set representations, then to deep semantic structures, then to deep syntactic structures, then to serial surface speech. For the encoding of serial speech, the phases remained the same, though the decoding was oriented in the opposite direction of transitions between the distinct phases.

Frontal (anterior) lobes
Luria's studies of the frontal lobes were concentrated in five principal areas: (1) attention, (2) memory, (3) intellectual activity, (4)emotional reactions, and (5) voluntary movements. Luria's main books for investigation of these functions of the frontal lobes are titled The Frontal Lobes, Problems of Neuropsychology (1977), Functions of the Frontal Lobes (1982, posthumously published), Higher Cortical Functions in Man. (1962) and Restoration of Function After Brain Injury"

Luria was first to identify the fundamental role of the frontal lobes in sustained attention, flexibility of behaviour, and self-organization. Based on his clinical observations and rehabilitation practice, he suggested that different areas of the frontal lobes differentially regulate these three aspects of behaviour. This suggestion was later supported by the neuroscience investigating frontal lobes. Practically all modern neuropsychological tests for frontal lobes damage have some components that were offered by Luria in his assessment and rehabilitation practice.

Speech dysfunction
Luria's research on speech dysfunction was principally in the areas of (1) expressive speech, (2) impressive speech, (3) memory, (4) intellectual activity, and (5) personality.

Child neuropsychology
This field was formed largely based upon Luria's books and writings on neuropsychology integrated during his experiences during the war years and later periods. In the area of child neuropsychology, "The need for its creation was dictated by the fact that children with localized brain damage were found to reveal specific different features of dissolution of psychological functions. Under Luria's supervision, his colleague Simernitskaya began to study nonverbal (visual-spatial) and verbal functions, and demonstrated that damage to the left and right hemispheres provoked different types of dysfunctions in children than in adults. This study initiated a number of systematic investigations concerning changes in the localization of higher psychological functions during the process of development." Luria's general research was mostly centered on the treatment and rehabilitation "of speech, and observations concerning direct and spontaneous rehabilitation were generalized." Other areas involving "Luria's works have made a significant contribution in the sphere of rehabilitation of expressive and impressive speech (Tzvetkova, 1972), 1985), memory (Krotkova, 1982), intellectual activity (Tzvetkova, 1975), and personality (Glozman, 1987) in patients with localized brain damage."

Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological test
The Luria-Nebraska is a standardized test based on Luria's theories regarding neuropsychological functioning. Luria was not part of the team that originally standardized this test; he was only indirectly referenced by other researchers as a scholar who had published relevant results in the field of neuropsychology. Anecdotally, when Luria first had the battery described to him he commented that he had expected that someone would eventually do something like this with his original research.

Books

 * Luria, A.R. The Nature of Human Conflicts - or Emotion, Conflict, and Will: An Objective Study of Disorganisation and Control of Human Behaviour. New York: Liveright Publishers, 1932.
 * Luria, A.R.Higher Cortical Functions in Man. Moscow University Press, 1962. Library of Congress Number: 65-11340.
 * Summary at BrainInfo
 * (With Solotaroff, Lynn) The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound, Harvard University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-674-54625-3.
 * Summary at BrainInfo
 * (With Solotaroff, Lynn) The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound, Harvard University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-674-54625-3.
 * (With Solotaroff, Lynn) The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound, Harvard University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-674-54625-3.
 * (With Solotaroff, Lynn) The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound, Harvard University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-674-54625-3.
 * (With Solotaroff, Lynn) The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound, Harvard University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-674-54625-3.

In cinema

 * Paolo Rosa's film Il mnemonista (2000) is based on his book The Mind of a Mnemonist.
 * Chris Doyle's auteur film Away with Words is largely inspired by Luria's The Mind of a Mnemonist.
 * Jacqueline Goss's 28-minute feature How to Fix the World (2004) is a digitally animated lighthearted parody that "draws from Luria's study of how the introduction of literacy affected the thought-patterns of Central Asian peasants"—description taken from the cover of the DVD Wendy and Lucy (2008), OSC-004, which includes it as an independent supplement to the unrelated feature film. Educational parody. Full 28-minute film is viewable at Vimeo.

title: Alexander Luria


text:
1943 in Canada

Events from the year 1943 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – George VI

Federal government

 * Governor General – Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone
 * Prime Minister – William Lyon Mackenzie King
 * Chief Justice – Lyman Poore Duff (British Columbia)
 * Parliament – 19th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – John C. Bowen
 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – William Culham Woodward
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Roland Fairbairn McWilliams
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – William George Clark
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Henry Ernest Kendall
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Albert Edward Matthews
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Bradford William LePage
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Eugène Fiset
 * Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Archibald Peter McNab

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta – William Aberhart (until May 23) then Ernest Manning (from May 31)
 * Premier of British Columbia – John Hart
 * Premier of Manitoba – John Bracken (until January 14) then Stuart Garson
 * Premier of New Brunswick – John McNair
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – A.S. MacMillan
 * Premier of Ontario – Gordon Daniel Conant (until May 18) then Harry Nixon (May 18 to August 17) then George A. Drew
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Thane Campbell (until May 11) then J. Walter Jones
 * Premier of Quebec – Adélard Godbout
 * Premier of Saskatchewan – William John Patterson

Commissioners

 * Controller of Yukon – George A. Jeckell
 * Commissioner of Northwest Territories – Charles Camsell

Events

 * January 8 – Stuart Garson becomes premier of Manitoba, replacing John Bracken, who had governed for 21 years
 * May 11 – J. Walter Jones becomes premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Thane Campbell
 * May 18 – Harry Nixon becomes premier of Ontario, replacing Gordon Conant
 * May 23 – William Aberhart, premier of Alberta, dies in office
 * May 31 – Ernest Manning becomes premier of Alberta
 * July – The 1st Canadian Infantry Division is part of the invasion of Sicily.
 * August 4 – Ontario election: George Drew's PCs win a minority, defeating Harry Nixon's Liberals
 * August 17 – George Drew becomes premier of Ontario, replacing Harry Nixon
 * August 19 – The Quebec Agreement is signed in Quebec City, between Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
 * October 21 – HMCS Chedabucto sinks near Rimouski after an accidental collision with another ship.
 * October 22 – The crew of GERMAN SUBMARINE U-537 set up Weather Station Kurt near Martin Bay in Labrador
 * December 20 – December 27 – Battle of Ortona rages in Italy.

Sport

 * April 28 – The Manitoba Junior Hockey League's Winnipeg Rangers win their second Memorial Cup by defeating the Ontario Hockey Association's Oshawa Generals 4 games to 2. The deciding Game 6 was played at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto
 * November 27 – The Hamilton Flying Wildcats win their only Grey Cup by defeating the Winnipeg RCAF Bombers 23 to 14 in the 31st Grey Cup played at Varsity Stadium in Toronto

January to March

 * January 9 – Elmer MacFadyen, politician (d. 2007)
 * January 10 – Carl Ray, artist (d. 1978)
 * January 23 – Bill Cameron, news anchor, television producer, columnist and author (d. 2005)
 * January 28 – Paul Henderson, ice hockey player
 * February 19 – Art Hanger, politician
 * February 23 – Charles Dalfen, chairperson of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (d. 2009)
 * February 27 – Gordon Earle, politician
 * March 7 – Billy MacMillan, ice hockey coach and player (d. 2023)
 * March 11 – Bob Plager, ice hockey player (d. 2021)
 * March 15 – David Cronenberg, filmmaker, screenwriter and occasional actor
 * March 25 – Loyola Hearn, diplomat and politician

April to June

 * April 1 – Shirley Render, politician
 * April 2 – Alan Tonks, politician
 * April 3 – Richard Manuel, composer, singer and multi-instrumentalist (d. 1986)
 * April 12 – Jenny Meldrum, hurdler and heptathlete
 * April 17 – Bobby Curtola, singer (d. 2016)
 * April 22 – Edwin Tchorzewski, politician (d. 2008)
 * May 11 – Nancy Greene Raine, alpine skier, Olympic gold medallist and World Champion, Senator
 * June 5 – Jean-Claude Lord, film director and screenwriter (d. 2022)
 * June 21 – Diane Marleau, politician and Minister (d. 2013)

July to September

 * July 15 – John H. Bryden, politician, journalist and historian
 * July 30 – Jean Friesen, politician
 * July 31 – Ryan Larkin, animator, artist and sculptor (d. 2007)
 * August 9 – Joe Handley, politician and 10th Premier of the Northwest Territories
 * August 12 – Anne Cools, Senator
 * August 29 – Arthur B. McDonald, astrophysicist, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
 * September 9 – Daurene Lewis, politician and nation's first black female mayor (d. 2013)
 * September 12 – Alain Dostie, cinematographer, film director and screenwriter
 * September 12 – Michael Ondaatje, novelist and poet
 * September 19 – Lyle Vanclief, politician and Minister
 * September 22 – Maurice Baril, General and Chief of the Defence Staff
 * September 27 – Randy Bachman, guitarist and songwriter

October to December

 * October 16 – Paul Rose, convicted of murder and kidnapping of Pierre Laporte in 1970 and leader of PDS (1996–2002) (d. 2013)
 * October 24 – Frank Pitura, politician (d. 2019)
 * October 26 – Diane Gerace, high jumper
 * November 7 – Joni Mitchell, musician, songwriter and painter
 * November 13 – André-Gilles Fortin, politician (d. 1977)
 * November 18 – Michael H. Rayner, public servant (d. 2004)
 * November 22 – Yvan Cournoyer, ice hockey player
 * November 27 – Nicole Brossard, poet and novelist
 * December 2 – Larry Grossman, politician (d. 1997)
 * December 13 – Ferguson Jenkins, baseball player
 * December 14 – Linda McIntosh, politician
 * December 21 – André Arthur, radio host and politician (d. 2022)
 * December 23 – Margaret MacMillan, historian
 * December 28 – David Peterson, politician and 20th Premier of Ontario
 * December 29 – Rick Danko, musician and singer (d. 1999)
 * December 30 – Linda Thom, shooter and Olympic gold medallist

Deaths

 * February 9 – Albert Hickman, politician and 17th Prime Minister of Newfoundland (b. 1875)
 * May 23 – William Aberhart, politician and 8th Premier of Alberta (b. 1878)
 * July 2 – Robert James Manion, politician (b. 1881)
 * July 4 – Gordon Sidney Harrington, politician and Premier of Nova Scotia (b. 1883)
 * July 12 – Joseph Boutin Bourassa, politician (b. 1853)
 * October 18 – Albert Charles Saunders, jurist, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island (b. 1874)
 * November 26 – Charles G.D. Roberts, poet and prose writer (b. 1860)
 * November 29 – Robert Hamilton Butts, politician (b. 1871)
 * December 9 – Peter Dmytruk, World War II military hero (b. 1920)
 * December 23 – Edgar Sydney Little, politician (b. 1885)

Historical documents
Slightly confused 1st Infantry Division invades Sicily against "bewildered" and "sorry looking" Italian defenders

Film: Canadian and U.S. troops train for Italian invasion

Film: Canadian soldiers and nurses embark for Italian invasion

Cartoon: Axis forces quickly retreating from "Sicilian landings"

Command crucial, but battles are won "by human beings displaying judgment, coolness and courage" (and in Sicily's "unending heat")

Seaforth Highlanders take Monte San Marco in Italy, despite steep, muddy terrain and intense German fire

Top German generals recognize disadvantages fighting Allies in Italy, including "Canadians clever at making use of terrain"

Canadian infantry and tanks press "a literally yard-by-yard advance" through Ortona streets, houses, and even rooms

Film: Canadian troops fighting in Ortona

Germans leave Ortona and their dead – "Civilians[...]too dazed to realize the enemy had gone; Canadians[...]too tired to care"

Guide for battlefield first aid emphasizes combat practicality, like common sense, self-reliance, improvisation, effective care and carrying on fight

Newspaper illustration of RCAF Spitfire planes strafing freight trains in Europe

Photo: Canadians in joint landing operation with U.S. forces against Japanese invaders on Kiska Island, Alaska

"The Jewish reservoir of the East, which was able to counterbalance the western assimilation, no longer exists"

At end of fourth year of war, Prime Minister King calls for greater effort and sacrifice to defeat faltering Axis

National registration certificate of Mrs. Ethel Louise Buck, Spirit River, Alberta

"We are few, very few" – Quebecker laments that there are not enough pacifists in province to even produce their newsletter

Advisory group chair foresees postwar period of more skilled labour, greater production, new products and technology, and huge demand

U.S.-U.K. agreement creates executive committee with Canadian representation to guide nuclear development

Canada wants multilateral general agreement to reduce tariffs, and to encourage U.S.A. and Canada to "buy in order to sell"

Report with proposed economic reforms for benefit of Prairie provinces, adjacent U.S.A., and world at large

Canada threatens to step back if not given more say in new UN Relief and Rehabilitation Organization

Lester Pearson complains to External Affairs about U.S. censorship of official's call from legation in Washington to Ottawa

Government returns about 15% of seized Japanese-Canadian fishing fleet to owners

"So reactionary to Liberal principles" – PM King depressed by cabinet's close-minded attitude to steelworker strike

Cartoon: Hitler says of strikers, "They are really working for me!"

Communist Tim Buck's submission on labour relations to National War Labor Board emphasizes wage policy and collective bargaining

Because of their difficulty finding housing and jobs, British Columbia MLA raises funds for halfway house for women discharged from mental institutions

As they fund-raise for bombers, London's Women's Voluntary Services thanks Manitobans for gifts of clothes and mobile canteens

"You can't refuse this cake, it was sent me all the way from Canada" – touring WVS speaker enjoys local hospitality

"Defend[ing] freedom and culture of humanity" – Shostakovich's thank-you for Toronto performance of his Seventh Symphony

Photo: RCAF member meets famed actor who plays "Rochester" on Jack Benny's radio comedy show

title: 1943 in Canada


text:
Talk:Holiness movement

Christian perfection and "entire sanctification"
This article equates the Wesleyan/Methodist doctrine of Christian Perfection with Lankford's experience of "entire sanctification"... Is this entirely accurate? Though I'm not, at this point, competent to discuss the differences, I've always understood there to be distinctions between the concepts... Any comments? --Chiacomo (talk) 02:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * There are variations between the Methodist understanding of perfection and the Holiness understanding of entire sanctification, although Wesley seems to have used those terms interchangabley. I felt that they were similar enough to place on one page, where a good discussion could exist, rather than have two smaller pages.  Christian perfection got the nod only because it seems more prominent in the literature, particularly in Wesley. The concepts are pretty darn close, though not 100% identical. KHM03 13:08, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Good enough for me, preacher. What conference are you in? --Chiacomo (talk) 14:51, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Western PA Conference of the UMC. KHM03 15:23, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Holiness and Power book
A most outstanding book on the subject is A.M. Hills' Holiness and Power from the 1800s i believe. He explains his view clearly, covers scripture thoroughly and gives the testimony of many famous christians of their day. it is simply wonderfull. I personally have over 300 Christian books, I greatly regret I have not come accross this sooner. to quote from the introduction

"Readers will notice that the author has profusely quoted the written testimony and opinion of many others who have received the Spirit in sanctifying power. That fact gives to this book a great advantage. Had the author made a cheap attempt at originality, this volume would have been no more than one obscure man’s private opinion or theory. But citing, as he has, the testimony of a hundred souls, who have been “filled” with the sanctifying Spirit, the combined verdict of these “living epistles” of God, written in human hearts, makes this volume, like the “Acts of the Apostles,” a record of the work of the Holy Ghost in human hearts. "

you can get it here as a free adobe accrobat file (pdf) http://wesley.nnu.edu/wesleyctr/books/indices/index-h-authors.htm  [Unsigned comment by User:211.30.71.162]

Significant Deficiencies
For instance saying the SBC is a holiness movement (see near the end where it says and I quote "Southern Baptist Convention, some of them" - which I will point out lacks punctuation, and is improperly formatted for the section)? Have they ever read the Baptist Faith and Message? Further they document an individual from the holiness movement founding the C&MA, but don't include C&MA at the end. There are many other issues... But I digress. This article needs some serious work. Th.M Student, Graduate of a C&MA school, currently Southern Baptist [Unsigned comment by Special:Contributions/76.182.80.157, Revision as of 21:57, 15 November 2014]

New Religious Movement Project
Please note that the project rating was not removed by a "vandal." It was removed by an editor, namely User:Steve Dufour in this 2012 edit. His edit summary stated, "not NRM related, but mainstream Christianity." Steve Dufour is correct. The Holiness Movement, while originating out of Methodism in the 19th century, is not considered "a New Religious Movement" by most people. It is considered denomination of mainstream Christianity. If editors insist on arguing that the Holiness Movement belongs in the NRM Project, then that is something that needs to be discussed. Ltwin (talk)

title: Talk:Holiness movement


text:
1968 in Canada

Events from the year 1968 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Elizabeth II

Federal government

 * Governor General – Roland Michener
 * Prime Minister – Lester B. Pearson (until April 20) then Pierre Trudeau
 * Chief Justice – John Robert Cartwright (Ontario)
 * Parliament – 27th (until April 23) then 28th (from September 12)

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – Grant MacEwan
 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – George Pearkes (until July 2) then John Robert Nicholson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Richard Spink Bowles
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – John B. McNair (until January 31) then Wallace Samuel Bird
 * Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland – Fabian O'Dea
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Henry Poole MacKeen (until July 22) then Victor de Bedia Oland
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – William Earl Rowe (until July 4) then William Ross Macdonald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Willibald Joseph MacDonald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Hugues Lapointe
 * Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Robert Hanbidge

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta – Ernest Manning (until December 12) and then Harry Strom
 * Premier of British Columbia – W.A.C. Bennett
 * Premier of Manitoba – Walter Weir
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Louis Robichaud
 * Premier of Newfoundland – Joey Smallwood
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – G.I. Smith
 * Premier of Ontario – John Robarts
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Alexander B. Campbell
 * Premier of Quebec – Daniel Johnson, Sr. (until September 26) and then Jean-Jacques Bertrand (from October 2)
 * Premier of Saskatchewan – Ross Thatcher

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – James Smith
 * Commissioner of Northwest Territories – Stuart Milton Hodgson

January to June

 * February 1 – The three branches of the Canadian Forces are merged into one, adopting a common green uniform and Army-derived ranks
 * February 20 – Prime Minister Pearson gives the first ever televised address to the nation as he tells Canadians that he will table a confidence motion the next day to prove his party still has control. After a week of filibustering by the Opposition, the motion passes.
 * April 1 – The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) is formed
 * April 6 – Pierre Trudeau wins 1968 Liberal Party leadership election
 * May 14 – The grand opening of the Toronto-Dominion Centre is held
 * June 1 – The flag of Alberta is authorized
 * June 24 – Separatists riot in Montreal on St-Jean-Baptiste Day
 * June 25 – Federal election: Pierre Trudeau's Liberals win a majority

July to December

 * July 1 – The laws creating Canada's Medicare system come into effect
 * July 18–August 9 – Canada Post workers represented by the Canadian Union of Postal Workers go on strike
 * August 20 – Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia to end the "Prague Spring" of political liberalization. Thousands of refugees flee to Canada.
 * September 26 – Daniel Johnson, Sr, Premier of Quebec, dies in office
 * October 2 – Jean-Jacques Bertrand becomes premier of Quebec
 * October 15 – The Mouvement Souveraineté-Association merges with the Ralliement National to create the Parti Québécois, René Lévesque is selected as the party's first leader
 * December 12 – Harry Strom becomes premier of Alberta, replacing Ernest Manning
 * December 31 – Quebec's Legislative Assembly is renamed the National Assembly

Full date unknown

 * IMAX technique invented
 * Canada's new Divorce Act introduces no fault divorce
 * The Rochdale College experiment begins in Toronto

New works

 * Alice Munro – Dance of the Happy Shades
 * Mordecai Richler – Hunting Tigers Under Glass
 * Robert Fulford – This Was Expo
 * John Newlove – Black Night Window
 * Kildare Dobbs – Reading the Time
 * Mordecai Richler – Cocksure
 * Robert Kroetsch – Alberta
 * Marian Engel – No Clouds of Glory
 * Gordon R. Dickson – Soldier, Ask Not
 * Farley Mowat – This Rock Within the Sea: A Heritage Lost

Poetry

 * Margaret Atwood – The Animals in That Country
 * Mary Alice Downie and Barbara Robertson, editors, The Wind Has Wings, anthology of 77 Canadian poems for children (anthology)
 * Dennis Lee, editor, T. O. Now, anthology of 13 "apprentice poets living in Toronto" (anthology)
 * Joe Rosenblatt, Winter of the Luna Moon
 * Irving Layton, The Shattered Plinths, 60 new poems
 * Leonard Cohen, Selected Poems, 1956-1968
 * Al Purdy, Wild Grape Wine
 * Dorothy Livesay, The Documentaries, poems from the 1930s and 1940s, and including "Roots", a long poem

Awards

 * David Suzuki wins UNESCO's Kalinga Prize for science writing
 * See 1968 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.
 * Stephen Leacock Award: Max Ferguson, And Now...Here's Max
 * Vicky Metcalf Award: Lorraine McLaughlin

Theatre

 * August 28 – Michel Tremblay's Les Belles-Sœurs premiers in Montreal.

Art

 * December 18 – Henry Moore donates hundreds of works to the Art Gallery of Ontario.

Sport

 * March 10 – The Alberta Golden Bears win their second University Cup by defeating the Loyola Warriors 5 to 4. The final game was played at the Montreal Forum
 * May 11 – The Montreal Canadiens win their 15th Stanley Cup by defeating the St. Louis Blues 4 games to 0. The deciding Game 4 was played at the Montreal Forum. Jean Béliveau wins his second Conn Smythe Trophy
 * May 27 – The Montreal Expos are established as Major League Baseball's first Canadian team.
 * November 22 – The Queen's Golden Gaels win their first Vanier Cup by defeating the Waterloo Lutheran Golden Hawks by a score of 42–14 in the 4th Vanier Cup played at Varsity Stadium in Toronto
 * November 29 – The Ottawa Rough Riders win their sixth Grey Cup by defeating the Calgary Stampeders 24 to 21 in the 56th Grey Cup played at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto

January to March

 * January 1 – Darren Greer, writer
 * January 5 – Joé Juneau, ice hockey player
 * January 7 – Tara Croxford, field hockey player
 * January 13 – Pat Onstad, international soccer player
 * January 14 – Michael Meldrum, swimmer
 * January 19 - Matt Hill, voice actor
 * January 28 – Sarah McLachlan, musician, singer and songwriter
 * February 1 – Mark Recchi, ice hockey player
 * February 9 – Joel Brough, field hockey player
 * February 22 – Shawn Graham, politician and 31st Premier of New Brunswick
 * February 27 – Matt Stairs, baseball player
 * March 14 – Megan Follows, Canadian-American actress
 * March 17 – Patty Sullivan, television personality
 * March 30 – Celine Dion, singer, songwriter and actress

April to June

 * April 12 – Adam Graves, ice hockey player
 * April 18 – David Hewlett, UK-born actor
 * April 20 – Evan Solomon, writer, magazine publisher and television host
 * May 8 – Louise Stratten, actress and younger sister of the murdered actress Dorothy Stratten
 * May 12 – Jane Kerr, swimmer
 * May 14 – Mary DePiero, diver
 * May 20 – William Irwin, boxer
 * May 30 – Jason Kenney, politician and Minister
 * June 1 – Jeff Hackett, ice hockey player and coach
 * June 7 – Macha Grenon, actress
 * June 10 – Susan Haskell, actress
 * June 16 – Lyne Poirier, judoka
 * June 27 – Pascale Bussières, actress
 * June 29 – Theoren Fleury, ice hockey player

July to September

 * July 2 – Mark Tewksbury, swimmer and Olympic gold medalist
 * July 11 – Michael Cram, actor and singer-songwriter
 * July 12 – Paul Hopkins, actor
 * July 22 – Harry Taylor, swimmer
 * July 23 – Shawn Levy, director and producer
 * August 5 – Terri Clark, country music singer
 * August 10 – Greg Hawgood, ice hockey player
 * August 20 – Jody Holden, beach volleyball player
 * September 9 – Lisa Lougheed, singer and actress
 * September 19 – Shawn Doyle, actor
 * September 20 – Leah Pinsent, actress
 * September 22 – Lisa Alexander, synchronised swimmer
 * September 23 – Donna McGinnis, swimmer

October to December

 * October 2 – Sandy Goss, swimmer
 * October 2 – Glen Wesley, ice hockey player
 * October 26 – Tom Cavanagh, actor
 * November 1 – Andrea Nugent, swimmer
 * November 3 – Debbie Rochon, actress
 * November 5 – Terry McGurrin, actor, comedian and writer
 * November 14 – Serge Postigo, actor
 * November 19 – Gord Fraser, road racing cyclist
 * November 25 – Jill Hennessy, actress and musician, and Jacqueline Hennessy, actress and journalist
 * December 2 – Darren Ward, swimmer
 * December 3 – Brendan Fraser, actor
 * December 10 – Caroline Wittrin, hammer thrower
 * December 17 – Paul Tracy, racing car driver

Deaths

 * January 31 – George Arthur Brethen, politician (b.1877)
 * February 5 – Frances Loring, sculptor (b.1887)
 * February 13 – Portia White, singer (b.1911)
 * February 16 – Healey Willan, organist and composer (b.1880)
 * February 17 – Ernest Charles Drury, politician, writer and 8th Premier of Ontario (b.1878)
 * March 10 - William John Rose, historian
 * March 22 - Margaret Duley, Newfoundland author
 * April 29 – Aubin-Edmond Arsenault, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island (b.1870)
 * May 30 – Charles Gavan Power, politician, Minister and Senator (b.1888)
 * June 14 – John B. McNair, lawyer, politician, judge and 22nd Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick (b.1889)
 * August 1 – Maurice Spector, Chairman of the Communist Party of Canada (b.1898)
 * August 14 - Olivier Maurault, French-Canadian historian
 * August 21 – Germaine Guèvremont, French-Canadian writer (b.1893)
 * September 26 – Daniel Johnson, Sr., politician and 20th Premier of Quebec (b.1915)
 * December 15 – Antonio Barrette, politician and 18th Premier of Quebec (b.1899)

title: 1968 in Canada


text:
1971 in Canada

Events from the year 1971 in Canada.

Crown

 * Monarch – Queen Elizabeth II

Federal government

 * Governor General – Roland Michener
 * Prime Minister – Pierre Trudeau
 * Chief Justice – Gérald Fauteux (Quebec)
 * Parliament – 28th

Lieutenant governors

 * Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – Grant MacEwan
 * Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – John Robert Nicholson
 * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – William John McKeag
 * Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Wallace Samuel Bird (until October 2) then Hédard Robichaud (from October 8)
 * Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland – Ewart John Arlington Harnum
 * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Victor de Bedia Oland
 * Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – William Ross Macdonald
 * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – John George MacKay
 * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Hugues Lapointe
 * Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Stephen Worobetz

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta – Harry Strom (until September 10) then Peter Lougheed
 * Premier of British Columbia – W.A.C. Bennett
 * Premier of Manitoba – Edward Schreyer
 * Premier of New Brunswick – Richard Hatfield
 * Premier of Newfoundland – Joey Smallwood
 * Premier of Nova Scotia – Gerald Regan
 * Premier of Ontario – John Robarts (until March 1) then Bill Davis
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island – Alexander B. Campbell
 * Premier of Quebec – Robert Bourassa
 * Premier of Saskatchewan – Ross Thatcher (until June 30) then Allan Blakeney

Commissioners

 * Commissioner of Yukon – James Smith
 * Commissioner of Northwest Territories – Stuart Milton Hodgson

January to June

 * February 16 – The Fuddle Duddle incident.
 * March 1 – Bill Davis becomes premier of Ontario, replacing John Robarts
 * March 4 – Prime Minister Trudeau weds Margaret Sinclair
 * March 31 – FLQ terrorist Paul Rose is sentenced to life in prison
 * April 5 – The first CANDU reactor begins operation at Gentilly, Quebec
 * April 14 – The Kingston Penitentiary riot begins. Prisoners seize control and a four-day siege ensues.
 * May 4 – A sinkhole destroys much of Saint-Jean-Vianney, Quebec, and kills 31
 * May 22 – Ontario Place opens in Toronto
 * June 1 – Census Day for the 1971 Census of Canada, which finds Canada's total population to be 21,568,311.
 * June 3 – The controversial Spadina Expressway project is cancelled
 * June 11 – Jack Davis becomes Canada's first Minister of the Environment, heading the new department of Environment Canada
 * June 14 – The Victoria Charter proposing constitutional reforms is written by the first ministers. It was later rejected by Robert Bourassa.
 * June 23 – Saskatchewan election: Allan Blakeney's NDP wins a majority, defeating Ross Thatcher's Liberals
 * June 30 – Allan Blakeney becomes premier of Saskatchewan, replacing Ross Thatcher

July to December

 * July 22 – Ross Thatcher, leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party dies in office
 * July 29 – The Bluenose II is donated to the province of Nova Scotia
 * July 30 – The Canada-based animation studio Nelvana is established by Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert and Clive A. Smith in Toronto
 * August 16 – Hurricane Beth hits Nova Scotia
 * August 28 – Canada's first gay rights demonstration, organized by George Hislop, takes place on Parliament Hill
 * August 30 – Alberta election: Peter Lougheed's PCs win a majority, defeating Harry Strom's Social Credit Party, which had governed for 36 years
 * September 10 – Peter Lougheed becomes premier of Alberta, replacing Harry Strom
 * October 4 – Petroleum is found under Sable Island
 * October 21 – Ontario election: Bill Davis's PCs win an eighth consecutive majority
 * November 1 – The Toronto Sun begins publication
 * November 1 – The Body Politic, Canada's first significant gay magazine, publishes its first issue.
 * November 2 – Gerhard Herzberg wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 * November 12 – Air Canada Flight 812 is hijacked. Paul Joseph Cini is later arrested without incident.
 * December 1 – A moving Montreal Metro train crashes into a second parked train, killing one person.
 * December 26 – Air Canada Flight 932 is hijacked by Patrick Critton and flown to Cuba.

Full date unknown

 * Ontario Universities Application Centre founded
 * The first edition of The Canadian Rockies Trail Guide is published
 * Conrad Black and David Radler buy the Sherbrooke Record
 * Statistics Canada is formed to replace the Dominion Bureau of Statistics

Arts and literature

 * July 1 - Joyce Wieland's "True Patriot Love" opens at the National Gallery of Canada. It is the Gallery's first solo exhibition devoted to the work of a living Canadian woman artist.
 * August 15 - The first Banff Festival of the Arts opens.

New works

 * Alice Munro: Lives of Girls and Women
 * Margaret Atwood: Power Politics
 * Milton Acorn: I Shout Love and On Shaving Off His Beard
 * Mordecai Richler: St. Urbain's Horseman
 * Joan Haggerty: Daughters of the Moon
 * Gordon R. Dickson: Tactics of Mistake
 * Brian Fawcett: Friends

Awards

 * See 1971 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.
 * Stephen Leacock Award: Robert Thomas Allen, Wives, Children & Other Wild Life
 * Vicky Metcalf Award: Kay Hill

Sport

 * January 18 – Ivan Koloff (Oreal Donald Perras) defeats Bruno Sammartino ending Sammartino's seven-and-a-half-year reign and became the first Canadian WWWF World Heavyweight Champion
 * March 13 – The Toronto Varsity Blues win their fifth (and third consecutive) University Cup by defeating the Saint Mary's Huskies 5 to 4. All games were played at Sudbury Community Arena
 * May 18 – The Montreal Canadiens win their 17th Stanley Cup by defeating the Chicago Black Hawks 4 games to 3. Hamilton's Ken Dryden is awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy
 * May 19 – The Quebec Junior Hockey League's Quebec Remparts win their won their first Memorial Cup by defeating the Western Canada Hockey League's Edmonton Oil Kings 2 game to 0. All games were played at the Colisée de Québec
 * June 3 – Montreal's Tarzan Tyler (Camille Tourville) becomes one half of the first World Wide Wrestling Federation Tag Team Champions (with Luke Graham) by defeating The Sheik (Ed Farhat) and Dick the Bruiser (William Richard Afflis) at the Joe Brown Center in New Orleans
 * November 20 – The Western Ontario Mustangs win their first Vanier Cup by defeating the Alberta Golden Bears by a score of 15–14 in the 7th Vanier Cup played at Varsity Stadium in Toronto
 * November 28 – The Calgary Stampeders win their second (and first since 1948) Grey Cup by defeating the Toronto Argonauts 14 to 11 in the 59th Grey Cup played in Vancouver's Empire Stadium
 * December 6 – Quebec City's Rene Goulet becomes the second Canadian to win World Wrestling Federation Tag Team Champion (with Karl Gotch) by defeating Luke Graham and Tarzan Tyler at Madison Square Garden in New York City

Date unknown
 * Disc sport pioneer Ken Westerfield immigrates to Canada
 * Harold Ballard gains full control of the Toronto Maple Leafs.

January to June

 * January 3 - Cory Cross, ice hockey player
 * January 9
 * Hal Niedzviecki, author and critic
 * Scott Thornton, ice hockey player
 * January 18 - Seamus O'Regan, broadcast journalist and television co-host
 * January 23 - Carla Robinson, television journalist
 * January 27 - Patrice Brisebois, ice hockey player
 * February 17 - Martyn Bennett, musician (d. 2005)
 * February 24 - Brian Savage, ice hockey player and coach
 * February 25 - Daniel Powter, singer
 * March 6 - Val Venis, professional wrestler
 * March 8 - Bob Boughner, ice hockey player
 * March 20 - Janis Kelly, volleyball player
 * March 27 - Nathan Fillion, actor
 * April 1 - Danielle Smith, journalist and politician
 * April 2 - Conrad Leinemann, beach volleyball player
 * April 4 - Steph St. Laurent, documentary filmmaker, videographer, photographer, actor, writer, environmentalist, and activist
 * April 9 - Jacques Villeneuve, motor racing driver
 * April 19 - Scott McCord, voice actor
 * June 8 - Jeff Douglas, actor
 * June 15 - Bif Naked, rock singer-songwriter, poet, cartoonist and actress
 * June 26 - Christine Nordhagen, wrestler
 * June 26 - Edward Parenti, swimmer
 * June 29 - Matthew Good, musician
 * June 30
 * Megan Fahlenbock, voice actress
 * Jamie McLennan, retired professional ice hockey goaltender, radio sports analyst

July to September

 * July 2 - Evelyn Lau, poet and novelist
 * July 10 - Adam Foote, ice hockey player
 * July 17 - Cory Doctorow, blogger, journalist and science fiction author
 * July 20 - Sandra Oh, actress
 * July 30 - Tom Green, actor, rapper, writer, comedian and media personality
 * August 12
 * Patrick Carpentier, racing driver
 * Phil Western, musician (d. 2019)
 * August 25 - Peter Oldring, voice actor, improviser, actor and comedian
 * September - Chris Klein-Beekman, aid worker killed in Iraq (d. 2003)
 * September 6 - Fiona Milne, rower and World Champion

October to December

 * October 1 - Guylaine Cloutier, swimmer
 * October 5 - Sam Vincent, voice actor and singer
 * October 7 - Todd Smith, Ontario MPP
 * October 15 - Jamie Nicholls, Politician
 * October 21 - Johanne Bégin, water polo player
 * October 30 - Peter New, actor and screenwriter
 * November 24 - Keith Primeau, ice hockey player
 * December 9 - Petr Nedvěd, ice hockey player
 * December 14 - Scott Koskie, volleyball player
 * December 23 -
 * Corey Haim, actor (d. 2010)
 * Estella Warren, actress, former fashion model, and former synchronized swimmer
 * December 25 - Justin Trudeau, politician and 23rd prime minister of Canada

January to June

 * January 5 - Douglas Shearer, sound designer and recording director (b.1899)
 * January 19 - David Florida, pioneer in space research
 * February 4 - Brock Chisholm, doctor and first Director-General of the World Health Organization (b.1896)
 * March 25 - Anne Savage, painter and art teacher (b.1896)
 * April 5 - Maurice Brasset, politician and lawyer (b.1884)
 * April 14 - Hector Authier, politician, lawyer and news reporter/announcer (b.1881)
 * April 17 - Carmen Lombardo, singer and composer (b.1903)
 * April 19 - Earl Thomson, athlete and Olympic gold medalist (b.1895)
 * May 2 - John Horne Blackmore, politician (b.1890)
 * May 3 - Georges Poulin, hockey player (b. 1887)
 * June 19 - Albert A. Brown, politician and lawyer (b.1895)

July to December

 * July 10 - Samuel Bronfman, businessman (b.1889)
 * July 22 - Ross Thatcher, politician and 9th Premier of Saskatchewan (b.1917)
 * July 28 – Annon Lee Silver, lyric soprano (b.1938)
 * September 4 - James Gladstone, first Status Indian to be appointed to the Senate of Canada (b.1887)
 * November 17 - Arthur Roebuck, politician and labour lawyer (b.1878)
 * November 25 - Leonard W. Murray, naval officer (b.1896)
 * December 11 - Kate Aitken, radio journalist, cookbook writer (b.1891)

title: 1971 in Canada