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User talk:Adam Carr/Arborealoids

Arborealoids
I'm not sure to be pleased or worried that my Arborealoids has survived 24 hours without being deleted or even questioned. This little experiment does seem to confirm my suspicion that a great deal of nonsense sneaks its way into Wikipedia undetected. On the other hand, it's no sillier than Reptilian humanoid, from which it draws inspiration. Adam 11:11, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * It's deleted now. Dysprosia 11:17, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * That's exactly what I simply can't believe. I vote for undeletion so that people can have a look at it. How on earth could we ever make sure that such things do not seriously happen if we cannot examine them? Whyt have we got pages like "deleted nonsense" for? --KF 11:21, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's probably a good idea. I couldn't find the page before, sorry. Dysprosia 11:28, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * Here, at the bottom Dysprosia 11:30, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Maybe we all know you as a great editor and thus noone bothered to check that new article, as noone expected Adam Carr to write nonsense. It might have had a different fate if it came from an anonymous IP or a new user. But I agree with your basic statement that too much vandalism, nonsense or bad articles slip out through the Recent Changes and New Pages monitoring. andy 11:20, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Note that you added the article as you, not as an anonymous user and not as someone with a record of such edits. I suspect the article may have been noticed faster if that were not the case.  (Ooo, wow, some comment as andy, but I'll add it anyway despite being second after the edit conflict.)  Daniel Quinlan 11:24, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)

I moved the article to Arborealoids so people can take a look. Right after I did that, someone redeleted it (as I was planning to do, actually, since I don't think we need or want to leave invalid information in the main article space for this discussion). Daniel Quinlan 11:32, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)
 * I've just moved it to bad jokes via the link above. Ok to redelete the article in the Wikipedia namespace? I just think it's pointless to have crud like that floating around, but (You all are too fast :) apologies as to people wanting to take a look before, probably was a bit hasty Dysprosia 11:36, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * All of which begs the question: Why is Reptilian humanoid still here? Bmills 11:45, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Bizarre as it may seem to most people, there really are people out there publicly declaring that reptilian humanoids exist. The article notes who these people are and states these beliefs are not accepted by the mainstream, so I think it's a useful article debunking a ridiculous idea. MK 12:38 (EST) 12 November 2003

 * Edits by trusted users typically make it past RC and only get picked up at the second line: watchlists and random reviews. That's because RC junkies (like what I was for a while) typically know who they can trust and who they can't. The frequency of random reviews depends on how visible the article is. I once inserted a joke into Water, and it lasted 10 days. However an orphan with an obscure title could have easily remained for months. -- Tim Starling 11:47, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)

Well I'm flattered that you all think my stuff is so wonderful that it doesn't need to be checked. I guess I've blown my gold-star rating. But Bmills is right - I actually started Arborealoids not to expose WP's procedures but to draw attention to Reptilian humanoid and all of Khranus's other garbage, which discredits WP more than a dozen joke articles. Adam 11:58, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Oh, so you intended it as a publicity stunt, but no-one noticed? That's so sad, my heart bleeds for you ;) Next time you wish to pull a publicity stunt, be sure to link to your article from many prominent locations. Or create a sock puppet user account to list it on VFD. -- Tim Starling 12:17, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)

 * I guess that makes me no-one? Adam is right to move the conversation back to the main point of what he did. An encyclopedia should be about knowledge, not about fringe lunatic hearsay and half-baked notions that are entirely unverifiable. Maybe this is not the most effective way to make the point, but it was effective enough to have us all here talking about it. Bmills 12:21, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I meant that no-one noticed for a week, forcing him to make a post to Village pump. -- Tim Starling 12:37, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)

 * I don't want to sound too snippy or biased or whatever in saying this, but is the creation of a nonsense article the best way of going about resolving an issue? Dysprosia 12:19, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * It's a demonstration of Adam's commitment to mature debate. -- Tim Starling 13:18, Nov 12, 2003 (UTC)

Or perhaps that I am a reptoid. Adam 13:45, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I spotted Arborealoids on 11th Novemeber, but chose not to recommend for deletion because it was just so damn funny! Mind you, I'm also a regular watcher of Reptilian humanoids (which must give me about 8/10 for insanity). DJ Clayworth 20:54, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * If there are undetected nonsense pages in Wikipedia, here's one way to ensure they'll be noticed eventually. Have a page that lists articles that have not been viewed by at least three people since the last change. This would preferably be sorted by how long ago the third most recent viewing was (oldest first). The "three people" and "third most recent" are to make it harder for people to "whitewash" their own nonsense; they could view it, but it wouldn't go away until two other people did as well.

 * Dedicated Wikipedians could check the top articles, which would then migrate off the list. This would work better than Recent Changes and New Pages, because articles that had already been "vetted" would not be on the list.

 * Tualha 02:05, Nov 13, 2003 (UTC)

 * I saw Arborealoids when it was created, and thought about moving it somewhere else, but it was pretty funny, and anyway all the great works of scholarships have inside jokes; someday perhaps I'll create a list of scholarly jokes to clue people in on the most notable ones. Stan 08:05, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

See also the Protocols of the Elderberries of Zion (awaiting development). Adam

title: User talk:Adam Carr/Arborealoids


text:
Gaetano Bresci

Gaetano Bresci (11 November 1869 – 22 May 1901) was an Italian anarchist who assassinated the king Umberto I of Italy. As a young weaver, his experiences with exploitation in the workplace drew him to anarchism. Bresci emigrated to the United States, where he became involved with other Italian immigrant anarchists in Paterson, New Jersey. News of the Bava Beccaris massacre motivated him to return to Italy, where he planned to assassinate Umberto. Local police knew of his return but did not mobilize. Bresci killed the king in June 1900 during Umberto's scheduled appearance in Monza amid a sparse police presence.

The government of Italy suspected that Bresci had been a part of a conspiracy but no evidence was found, indicating that Bresci had acted alone. He was consequently sentenced to life imprisonment for murder and confined on Santo Stefano Island in Latina, Lazio, where he was found dead of an apparent suicide within the year. After his death, Bresci gained the status of a martyr within the Italian anarchist movement, who defended his regicidal act. Bresci inspired some anarchists to carry out their own acts of propaganda by deed, most prominently Leon Czolgosz's assassination of United States president William McKinley. Italian anarchists erected a monument to Bresci in Carrara despite governmental attempts to block it.

Early life
On 11 November 1869, Gaetano Bresci was born into a lower middle-class family in Prato, Tuscany. His parents owned a small amount of land in Coiano, where they farmed wheat, grapes and olives. In 1880, the Kingdom of Italy began importing cheap grain from the United States, which economically devastated small farmers like the Brescis. As the price of grain fell, the family fell into poverty and Gaetano himself started working to support his family's income. Before long, he came to blame the Italian state for his family's experiences with poverty. At a young age, Bresci began an apprenticeship at a textile factory, qualifying to work as a silk weaver by the age of 15.

Bresci was radicalized by his experiences of exploitation in the workplace, and he joined the Italian anarchist movement. On 3 October 1892, Bresci and a group of about twenty anarchists confronted two police officers that had given a young worker a citation for not closing his butcher shop on time. Armed police dispersed the group and Bresci was later arrested for the act. On 27 December 1892, he was tried and found guilty of insulting the police. He was sentenced to 15 days in prison, and was subsequently marked in police files as a "dangerous anarchist".

Bresci was arrested again in 1895 after organising a textile workers' strike, for which he was exiled to Lampedusa by the government of Francesco Crispi. During his forced residence on the island, Bresci studied anarchist literature and became further radicalized. Bresci was granted amnesty in 1896 and returned to the mainland, where he went back to work in a wool factory. He developed a reputation as a dandy and engaged in numerous affairs, possibly fathering a child with one of his co-workers.

In 1897, Bresci immigrated to the United States. From New York City, Bresci moved to Hoboken, New Jersey, where he met Sophie Kneiland, an Irish-American with whom he fathered two daughters: Madeleine and Gaetanina. To support his family, Bresci spent his weekdays working as a silk weaver in Paterson, returning to Hoboken on weekends. In Paterson, Bresci quickly became involved in the local trade unions and the immigrant anarchist movement, regularly attending meetings. He briefly joined the Right to Existence Group (Gruppo diritti all'esistenza) but left after a few months, finding the group insufficiently radical. Bresci co-founded and financially supported its newspaper, La Questione Sociale, for which he became a prolific "firebrand" contributor. At one of the group's meetings, Bresci reportedly saved the life of Errico Malatesta, when he disarmed a disgruntled individualist anarchist who had shot Malatesta.

Assassination of Umberto I
In 1898, Bresci received news of the Bava Beccaris massacre. Protests in Milan against the rising price of bread, in which men, women and children participated, had been violently suppressed by the Royal Italian Army, which fired on and killed many of the protestors. Bresci swore revenge against the king, Umberto I of Italy, who he held personally responsible for the massacre, as he had decreed a state of siege in Milan and awarded Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, the general who ordered the shooting.

With money from La Questione Sociale, Bresci bought a .38 caliber revolver and a one-way ticket back to Europe. They respectively costed him $7 and $27, with the latter discounted for the occasion of the 1900 Paris Exposition. Before leaving, he told his wife that he was returning to resolve his deceased parents' estate. Bresci set sail in May 1900, disembarking at Le Havre and briefly staying in Paris, before leaving for Italy. In June 1900, Bresci returned to his home city of Prato, where he stayed with his brother's family. Although the local police chief was aware of Bresci's presence and knew that police records had listed him as a "dangerous anarchist", the chief did not follow procedure of informing Italy's Ministry of the Interior or retaining Bresci's passport. Unsurveilled, Bresci was free to practice firing his revolver daily.

In July 1900, Bresci visited his sister in Castel San Pietro Terme, before moving on to Milan. On 25 July, he toured Milan with his friend Luigi Granotti before traveling to Monza. Bresci learned that the King of Italy was due to attend a gymnastics competition at the Royal Villa of Monza. Bresci found a room near the Monza train station and waited to strike. For two days, he scouted the area and inquired about the king's activities.

On the morning of 29 July 1900, after preparing his weapon and thoroughly grooming himself, Bresci left his hotel intent on assassinating the king at the end of the contest. He spent most of the day walking around town and eating ice cream, briefly stopping for lunch with a stranger, whom he told, "Look at me carefully, because you will perhaps remember me for the rest of your life." That evening at 21:30, Umberto took his car to the stadium, where he was to hand out medals to the competition's athletes at 22:00. There were very few law enforcement agents (Carabinieri) stationed along the route and not enough to effectively carry out crowd control at the stadium.

Bresci had positioned himself along the road exiting the stadium to give himself a chance at escape; the excited crowd swept him within three meters of the king's car and blocked his way out. While amongst the crowd, Bresci drew his revolver and shot Umberto three or four times. As the king lay dying, the angered crowd wrestled Bresci to the ground and a Carabinieri marshal intervened before Bresci could be lynched. He accepted arrest without resistance, declaring: "I did not kill Umberto. I have killed the King. I killed a principle."

Trial and conviction
A month after the assassination, Bresci was tried, convicted, and sentenced on 30 August 1900, a single day. His lawyer, Francesco Saverio Merlino, argued that the idolization of kings had weakened Italy and that the criminalization of the anarchist movement had directly led to Umberto's assassination. He proposed that the decriminalization of radical ideologies and the resumption of civil liberties would put an end to propaganda of the deed, the anarchist practice of political assassination. Bresci's character was further defended by his old foreman, a long-time co-worker, and his own wife, who herself expressed surprise that her husband could have committed the assassination. Examinations by the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso found no evidence of mental illness and the prosecution was thus unable to establish criminal insanity.

The government of Italy assumed Bresci had acted as part of a conspiracy. The then Interior minister Giovanni Giolitti was convinced the assassination had been plotted by Paterson anarchists such as Errico Malatesta together with the exiled Neapolitan Queen Maria Sophie of Bavaria, whom Giolitti alleged was planning to return to power in Italy. Another popular conspiracy theory asserted that Giuseppe Ciancabilla had originally been selected as the assassin by a revolutionary committee in London but was replaced by Bresci after he got into a conflict with Malatesta over the editorship of La Questione Sociale. In the investigation that ensued after Bresci's trial, eleven associates of Bresci – including his brother, travel companions, and epistolary partners – were arrested and held in solitary confinement under suspicion of collaborating on the assassination. They were finally released the following year, when the Milan appellate court found insufficient evidence of their involvement and dropped the charges. Further investigations in the United States likewise found no evidence of a conspiracy by Paterson anarchists to assassinate Umberto. The Italian diplomats Giovanni Branchi and Saverio Fava were themselves left thoroughly dissatisfied with the "worthless" investigations conducted by the New York City Police Department, United States Secret Service, and the Pinkerton detective agency.

Bresci himself was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, the most severe punishment available, as Italy had already abolished the death penalty. Bresci was initially held in Milan's San Vittore Prison, then transferred to a prison in Elba, where he was illegally held in an underground cell below sea level. Fears of news leaking about the conditions of his imprisonment, combined with unrest among Bresci's supporters in the prison, resulted in him being transferred again on 23 January 1901. He was moved to solitary confinement on the remote Santo Stefano Island, where he was held in a small, unfurnished cell, with his feet shackled.

Bresci was only allowed to keep a few personal items, such as clothing and hairstyling tools. His daily rations consisted largely of soup and bread, with meat being saved for Sundays and public holidays, and occasional wine and cheese bought with money sent by his wife. For one hour of each day, he was permitted to exercise in the corridor outside his cell. The rest of his time was spent in solitary confinement, away from other prisoners and prohibited from receiving visitors, with even his own guards being forbidden from speaking to him. To keep himself entertained, he used a napkin as a makeshift football and read from a French dictionary. Bresci reportedly remained in high spirits throughout his time in prison, which the prison authorities reported was due to his belief that he would be freed from prison in an imminent revolution. By May 1901, Giolitti himself began to fear that Bresci's conspirators were planning to break him out of prison. To deter such a plot, Giolitti deployed an armed force to guard the island.

Death
On 22 May 1901, Bresci was found hanging by the neck in his cell. Vengeance had been carved into the wall. With his cell under constant surveillance, Bresci had apparently hanged himself while one of his guards was asleep and the other was using the toilet. The prison director reported that Bresci had hanged himself from his cell window using a towel – which prisoners were prohibited from possessing – knotted to the collar of his jacket. All this occurred at a time that Bresci was awaiting the results of an appeal to Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation. He also left wine and cheese uneaten, which he had reportedly purchased that morning.

Upon receiving word of Bresci's death, Giolitti immediately dispatched a prison inspector to Santo Stefano, where he reportedly arrived late on the night of 22 May. The inspector and three physicians autopsied Bresci and confirmed that he had died of strangulation but also found that his body had undergone a level of putrefaction suggesting that he had died earlier than reported. They raised this with the prison authorities but the matter was not investigated any further. On 26 May, Bresci was buried in the prison cemetery, interred with his belongings and letters from his wife that he had not been permitted to read. The New York Times celebrated the news of Bresci's death, while Umberto's successor and son, Victor Emmanuel III, commented that it was "perhaps the best thing that could have happened to the unhappy man".

The circumstances of Bresci's death aroused suspicion, with a number of 21st-century historians suggesting that he was murdered. Investigations into Giolitti's papers in the Central Archives of the State found two empty folders pertaining to Bresci, the title of the first indicated that the prison inspector had actually arrived on the island on 18 May 1901. While looking further into the case, Italian journalist Arrigo Petacco found that Bresci's page in the Santo Stefano prison registry had been torn out.

Governmental and policing reforms
Prior to Umberto's assassination by Bresci, the reactionary government of Luigi Pelloux government had been replaced by a left-wing government under Giuseppe Saracco of the Historical Left and Italy experienced a return to democracy. Other than a series of arrests during the investigation of the case, the state repression Italian anarchists had expected in the wake of the assassination never actually manifested. Subsequent governments led by Giolitti passed a series of reforms of the Italian law enforcement apparatus, reining in police repression against striking workers. Giolitti himself downplayed or suppressed information about further violent attacks by anarchists, even omitting any mention of anarchism from his memoirs about Bresci's assassination, which he depicted as the result of a "deranged mind". Dissatisfied with the ineffectiveness of their foreign intelligence apparatus, as well as the investigations of the American authorities, the Italian government also established a new surveillance network to monitor emigrant Italian anarchists in Europe and the Americas.

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, the then British prime minister, responded to the assassination by proclaiming that European governments had been too lenient towards anarchists, whose "morbid thirst for notoriety" he feared presented a threat to the existence of civilization. Switzerland passed a new law that punished expressions of support for crimes committed by anarchists, imprisoning Luigi Bertoni under this law after he publicly praised Bresci's actions. European governments that had participated in the International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists also attempted to appeal to the United States government, calling for it to surveil the American anarchist movement and suppress the radical press. The United States State Department, without a federal law enforcement agency, responded that it lacked the means to carry out such an operation. Bresci's assassination of Umberto nevertheless contributed to a rising climate of xenophobia and anti-anarchist sentiment in the United States, culminating in the passage of the Immigration Act of 1903.

Regard in left-wing circles
Although the assassination was condemned by some anarchists, including Errico Malatesta, who rejected revenge killings and worried it might harm the anarchist cause, it was praised by others. The assassination quickly became a cornerstone of Italian left-wing counterculture, and anarchists came to regard Bresci as a martyr. The American anarchist newspaper Free Society stated that anarchists regarded Bresci's actions with "unqualified approval". In its ode to Bresci, the paper described him as a "kind hearted and humane man" who had resolved to kill the "tyran[t]" Umberto, not as a representative of an organization but in an individual act of revenge for the "great suffering and misery caused by the oppressive measures of the Italian government". Bresci was praised in the same paper by Emma Goldman, who said he had "loved his kind, felt the existing wrongs in the world, and dared to strike a blow at organized authority". She described him as having had "overflowing sympathy with human suffering", and declared his assassination of Umberto to have been "good and noble, grand and useful", as she believed he had intended it to help "free mankind from tyranny".

On Italian anarchist postcards, Bresci's face was superimposed onto the Statue of Liberty, and his deeds were eulogized in a poem by the American anarchist Voltairine de Cleyre and in Italian revolutionary music. Paterson itself became known as the "capital of world anarchism" after Bresci's assassination of Umberto. Although Bresci's wife did not know about her husband's plan to assassinate Umberto, or even what anarchism entailed, she was routinely surveilled by the police and harassed by members of her own community, forcing her to move to Chicago. When the Italian monarchist newspaper L'Araldo Italiano raised one thousand dollars to decorate Umberto's tomb, the Paterson anarchists quickly matched the amount to support Bresci's widow and two daughters, despite police harassment at their fundraising events. Luigi Galleani was accused of embezzling funds raised for Bresci's children, but he denied the charges and published letters from Sophia Bresci and the benefit fund's organizer attesting to his innocence.

A Roman Catholic priest was imprisoned for declaring his support for Bresci's actions, which he characterized as "an instrument of divine vengeance against a dynasty [the House of Savoy] that had deprived the Popes of their temporal power." In 1910, when he was still a member of the Italian Socialist Party, the future Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini praised Bresci in the pages of the socialist newspaper Lotta di Classe.

Further assassinations and attempts
Shortly after Umberto's death, the French anarchist François Salson attempted to assassinate the Persian king Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar in Paris. Although Salson himself never disclosed his motives, international newspapers (including Corriere della Sera, The Times, and the New York Herald) all claimed that the attempt had been directly inspired by Bresci's actions. Print media also linked Bresci's actions with those of Belgian anarchist Jean-Baptiste Sipido (who attempted to assassinate the British crown prince Edward VII) and Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni (who had assassinated Empress Elisabeth of Austria). Bresci and Lucheni shared little motive in common; Lucheni himself later expressed his admiration for Bresci's actions.

The assassination directly inspired the Polish American anarchist Leon Czolgosz. According to his parents, Czolgosz obsessively read newspaper accounts of the assassination, keeping a newspaper clipping with him for months and reading it in bed each night. In May 1901, he inquired for information from an anarchist group in Cleveland about newspaper stories that American anarchists were plotting as similar assassination but the group's treasurer denied the rumors. In early September, Czolgosz read an article in Free Society which exhalted "monster-slayers" such as Bresci. This ultimately drove him to carry out the assassination of the then United States president William McKinley. In the wake of this assassination, mounting public pressure and police surveillance forced Bresci's family to flee their home in Cliffside Park, New Jersey.

Bresci and Czolgosz would later be a source of inspiration for the insurrectionary anarchist Luigi Galleani, who praised their actions in his newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva. In 1911, Italian anarchists inspired by Bresci planned to assassinate Victor Emanuele III and Giolitti at the Turin International but were arrested before they could carry out their attack. Italian anarchists from Paterson and New York established groups in Bresci's name, while a group in Pittsburgh named themselves in the "Twenty-Ninth of July" group, in reference to the date of Umberto's assassination. By 1914, the New York-based Bresci Circle had reached 600 members, who met frequently on East Harlem's 106th Street. The group was implicated in a plot to assassinate John D. Rockefeller, the richest person of the fin de siècle era. The following year, the group was infiltrated by an undercover operation and two of its members were convicted of plotting to bomb St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan. The group was also suspected of involvement in the 1919 United States anarchist bombings, and finally disbanded during the Palmer Raids. Bresci's example, along with that of the anarchist assassins Émile Henry, Michele Angiolillo and Paulí Pallàs, was later invoked by Nicola Sacco when he was on death row.

Contemporary commemorations
In 1976, a street in Bresci's home town of Prato was named after him. During the 1980s, Tuscan anarchists commissioned a monument to Bresci to be erected in Turigliano, near Carrara; it was blocked by the government. In July 1986, the Italian Communist Party-controlled municipal council voted to allow the anarchists space in the Turigliano cemetery to construct their monument to Bresci to the protest of monarchist activists and the then interior minister Oscar Luigi Scalfaro. Court proceedings were initiated against members of the council and of the "Bresci committee" but were all acquitted, as the proposed monument's inscription did not mention the assassination of Umberto. In 1990, it was erected overnight in the cemetery by Ugo Mazzucchelli, who turned himself in afterwards. In response, the then mayor Fausto Marchetti declared that the council's resolution to allow the monument was still valid. Victor Emanuele III commissioned the Expiatory Chapel of Monza to commemorate the place where his father Umberto had been assassinated. In 2013, Bresci's name was adopted by a short-lived occupied social centre in Catania, and his name was referenced in the 2016 film Paterson.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gaetano Bresci


text:
Labor Right

The Labor Right is a political faction of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) at the national level that is characterised by being more economically liberal or more socially conservative than the Labor Left. The Labor Right is a broad alliance of various state factions and competes with the Labor Left faction.

State branches
Factional power usually finds expression in the percentage vote of aligned delegates at party conferences. The power of the Labor Right varies from state to state, but it usually relies on certain trade unions, such as the Australian Workers' Union (AWU), Transport Workers Union (TWU), the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association (SDA) and the Health Services Union (HSU). These unions send delegates to the conference, with delegates usually coming from the membership, the administration of the union or local branches covered by their activists.

State-based factions (national sub-factions) which make up Labor Right include:
 * New South Wales
 * Centre Unity.
 * Queensland
 * Labor Forum (dominated by the AWU).
 * Australian Capital Territory
 * Centre Coalition.
 * Victoria
 * Labor Centre Unity (The Shorts: consisting of branch members and unions aligned with Bill Shorten, including the Australian Workers Union, Health Workers Union and the Plumbers).
 * Labor Progressive Unity (The Cons: Consisting largely of Branch Members aligned to and supporters of Labor Deputy Leader Richard Marles and the Transport Workers Union).
 * Labor Unity (The Shoppies: Consisting largely of branch members aligned to and supports of the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association)
 * Western Australia
 * WA Labor Unity (AWU, SDA, TWU).
 * Progressive Labor (Consists of AWU, SDA, TWU and CFMEU).  An alliance between WA Labor Unity and the 'Industrial left' unions of WA, formed in 2019 for the purpose of binding at State conferences against some subgroups within WA's Broad left; such as the UWU. Historically, the MUA and CFMEU have voted at State conferences in alignment with the Broad left.
 * Northern Territory
 * Labor Unity.
 * South Australia
 * Labor Unity (dominated by the SDA).
 * Tasmania
 * Labor Unity.

Political views
The faction is most famous for its support of Third Way policies such as the economic rationalist policies of the Bob Hawke and Paul Keating governments, including floating the Australian dollar in December 1983, reductions in trade tariffs, taxation reforms such as the introduction of dividend imputation to eliminate double-taxation of dividends and the lowering of the top marginal income tax rate from 60% in 1983 to 47% in 1996, changing from centralised wage-fixing to enterprise bargaining, the privatisation of Qantas and Commonwealth Bank, making the Reserve Bank of Australia independent, and deregulating the banking system.

Federal Members of the Labor Right
‡ Sterle was formerly a member of the now-defunct Centre Left.

title: Labor Right


text:
Labor Left

The Labor Left, also known as the Progressive Left or Socialist Left, is a political faction of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It competes with the more economically liberal Labor Right faction.

The Labor Left operates autonomously in each state and territory of Australia, and organises as a broad alliance at the national level. Its policy positions include party democratisation, economic interventionism, progressive tax reform, refugee rights, gender equality and same-sex marriage. The faction includes members with a range of political perspectives, including Keynesianism, trade union militancy, Fabian social democracy, New Leftism, and democratic socialism.

Factional activity
Most political parties contain informal factions of members who work towards common goals, however, the Australian Labor Party is noted for having highly structured and organised factions across the ideological spectrum.

Labor Left is a membership-based organisation which has internal office bearers, publications, and policy positions. The faction coordinates political activity and policy development across different hierarchical levels and organisational components of the party, negotiates with other factions on political strategy and policy, and uses party processes to try to defeat other groups if consensus cannot be reached.

Many members of parliament and trade union leaders are formally aligned with the Left and Right factions, and party positions and ministerial allocations are negotiated and divided between the factions based on the proportion of Labor caucus aligned with that faction.

Labor left factions before the 1950s
Historian Frank Bongiorno has noted that there had been several organisations associated with the left wing of Labor before the 1950s, from the Australian Socialist League in the 1890s, the industrial left which emerged during World War I, the early supporters of Jack Lang, and the State Labor Party of the 1940s.

Labor Party split of 1955
The modern Labor Left emerged from the Labor Party split of 1955, in which anti-communist activists associated with B. A. Santamaria and the Industrial Groups formed the Democratic Labor Party while left-wing parliamentarians and unions loyal to H. V. Evatt and Arthur Calwell remained in the Australian Labor Party. The earliest formal factional organization was the NSW Combined Unions and Branches Steering Committee (later known as the NSW Socialist Left), which was formed in January 1955.

The split played out differently across the country, with anti-communists leaving the party in Victoria and Queensland but remaining within in most other states. This created a power vacuum which allowed the Left to take control of the Federal Executive and Victorian state branch, while its opponents were preserved elsewhere. Tom Uren described the left of the Labor Party Caucus upon his election to Parliament in the late 1950s as "a loosely knit grouping... consist[ing] mostly of anti-Catholics, although some members were militants or socialists".

From 1965, organised internal groups emerged to challenge the control of the Left, supported by figures such as John Button and Gough Whitlam. After the Victorian branch lost the 1970 state election in the midst of a public dispute with Whitlam over state aid for private schools, the South Australian Left, led by Clyde Cameron, and New South Wales Left, led by Arthur Gietzelt, agreed to support an intervention which saw the Victorian state branch abolished and subsequently reconstructed without Left control. Leftists in the Victorian party subsequently regrouped as the formally organized Socialist Left faction. In Queensland, the left coalesced around senator George Georges. Despite an increasing level of organisation in the grassroots party, this was not reflected within the Parliamentary caucus: Ken Fry noted that when he was elected to Parliament in 1974, meetings of left MPs were irregular and they responded to events in an ad hoc manner. The Labor Left suffered the loss of two of its key leaders in the mid-1970s with the downfall of Jim Cairns and the elevation of Lionel Murphy to the High Court of Australia, yet it continued to make advances in terms of nationwide organisation: right-wing power broker Graham Richardson has acknowledged that "at the beginning of the 1980s the Left was the only national faction".

Labor Left split in the 1980s
Labor leftists continued to formalise their organisation into the 1980s. In New South Wales, the Steering Committee (which later became known as the Socialist Left in 1989) made advances in branches across the state in the late 1970s and early 1980s under the leadership of Peter Baldwin, initially in the suburbs of Sydney before spreading to the inner cities. This culminated in the deselection of the right-aligned MP for Sydney, Les McMahon, and the selection of Baldwin as Labor candidate for the seat. This was followed by other Labor Right MPs in Sydney's Inner West similarly being usurped by left candidates.

In Tasmania, the Broad Left formalised itself in 1983, having taken control of the state party after reforms democratised it in 1976. In the Australian Capital Territory, the Left Caucus was founded after a left candidate was not preselected in 1982. However, the Left was unable to translate their organisational advances into a presence in the Hawke government: although about a third of the Parliamentary caucus were aligned with the Left at the time, only one member was appointed to Hawke's first cabinet, Stewart West: leading left-winger Brian Howe placed high in the ministry ballot, but was relegated to a junior ministerial position. This came against the background of an increasing factionalising across the party and the emergence of a centre-left faction which joined with the Labor Right to dominate the Hawke government. Left influence was also restricted by the ALP's binding pledge committing legislators to accept caucus discipline, allowing members little freedom to dissent. Left influence also declined at the national conference, with the faction losing its conference majority in the early 1980s.

During the 1980s, prolonged disputes over tactical issues and personality conflicts resulted in a split occurring within the New South Wales Labor Left, creating two sub-factional groupings; the 'Hard Left' and the 'Soft Left', the latter of which was the successor of the Baldwinites. A significant event which caused the split was the election of the Secretary Assistant of the New South Wales Labor Party, where the Hard Left faction supported Anthony Albanese while the Soft Left faction supported Jan Burnswoods. The Hard Left faction was more closely aligned with left-wing groups external to the Labor Party, maintaining "closer links with broader left-wing groups, such as the Communist Party of Australia, People for Nuclear Disarmament and the African National Congress" as well as trade union officials, political staffers, lobbyists and student politicians, while the Soft Left's main base of support was among rank-and-file party branch members. In terms of tactics, the Hard Left favoured a top-down approach of transactional negotiation with the Labor Right, whilst the Soft Left advocated a continuation of the Baldwinite bottom-up strategy of mobilising the grassroots membership to win party positions. This difference in approach led to struggles between the two factions over candidate selections, with the Hard Left using their control over the party apparatus in tandem with sections of the Right to deselect Soft Left MPs across the state, particularly in western Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong. For example, in Newcastle Bryce Gaudry was deselected in favour of the Right's Jodi McKay, following which about 130 members resigned or were expelled from the city's ALP branches, previously the largest in the state. The factions also had differing views on policy. While members of both the Soft and Hard Left opposed the Hawke/Keating government's privatisation of the Commonwealth Bank and Qantas, the Hard Left was seen as being more staunchly resistant to these changes.

Post 1990s
Lindsay Tanner, writing in the early 1990s, argued that the principal "axis of division" with the ALP cut across the traditional left-right divide, namely the opposition of "rationalists" and "traditionalists", with the former supporting the Prices and Incomes Accord and union mergers, and abandoning or watering down their commitment to traditional Labor objectives such as public ownership, non-interventionism in foreign policy, and maintenance of working-class living standards, whilst the latter were negative towards the Accord, opposed to union mergers, sympathetic toward economic autarky, and attached to traditional Labor policy objectives. This divide can be seen through the career of Joan Kirner, who served as Premier of Victoria between 1990 and 1992 and was the first member of the modern Labor Left to lead a government, who supported the ascent of Paul Keating to the post of Prime Minister and his decision to privatise Commonwealth Bank to finance a bailout for the ailing State Bank of Victoria. This resulted in the formation of a splinter group from the Socialist Left, the Pledge faction, which opposed privatisation: in 1996, Pledge allied with another left split, the Labour Renewal Alliance, and the right-wing Labor Unity faction to take control of the party away from the Socialist Left.

The National Labor Students (NLS) held a press conference with Socialist Alternative during the National Union of Students (NUS) Education Conference 2024, to announce support for Senator Fatima Payman and denounce the actions of the Senator being expelled from the Labor party caucus. The NUS National President and NLS leader, Ngaire Bogemann, revealed she and many other members were "considering withdrawing [their ALP] membership".

title: Labor Left


text:
Antonio Salazar (disambiguation)

António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970) was Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968

Tony or Antonio Salazar may also refer to:

 * Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo y Salazar (1622–1715), Spanish nobleman and diplomat
 * Antonio de Salazar (composer) (c.1650–1715), Mexican composer
 * Tony Salazar (born 1949), Mexican luchador and ring announcer
 * Antonio Salazar (baseball) (born 1965), former Spanish baseball player
 * Antonio Salazar (footballer) (1989–2022), Mexican footballer

title: Antonio Salazar (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:List of Neon Genesis Evangelion characters

Maya...Lesbian?

 * "This has led fans to debate whether or not Maya's feelings for Ritsuko have romantic or sexual undertones, in the same manner as the debate over the relationship between Shinji and Kaworu."

--That was a very good way of summarizing the "situation"; we should leave it as this. Good. --Vi Veri Veniversum Vivus Vici 22:44, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Danke. Willbyr (talk | contribs) 23:35, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Two questions: Willbyr (talk | contribs) 19:12, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * In regards to the scene where Rei/Lilith takes Maya in EOE, on the page at evacommentary.org where the scenes are being discussed frame-by-frame, it's pointed out (and rather obvious) that "Ritsuko" has her knee against Maya's crotch when "she" hugs her, and that Maya sees this. Should this be included in the section?
 * Also, I've heard it said that the script/storyboard for that scene says that Maya's cries are of "ecstacy"...is there an actual source for this?
 * My own "translation team" more or less varifies the scripts ( I do have all the Renewal scripts but translation is another matter). As for the knee in crotch theory....its not like she's grinding away at her with her knee or something, its kind of just how she's sitting.  That said, I'm a total Mata fan, simply because she's an ordinary "girl next door" seemingly *normal* person on a show filled with basket cases! and for a relatively minor character was fairly memorable (I think it was just the voice was really good, but that VA never did anything after that).  --Vi Veri Veniversum Vivus Vici (talk) 14:51, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Knee: Agreed...it's not all that explicit, and if you're not paying attention you're likely to miss it (like I did) but given the context of the scene, it's rather suggestive...it's definitely not something I would do to a woman unless I was very intimate with her or wanted to become so.  Script:  There's not an official translation of the script anywhere?  Nuts...Willbyr (talk | contribs) 16:52, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Toji's sister

 * Relations: Sister: Mari

Uh...what? She's unnamed. --76.31.137.85 (talk) 01:28, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Good point. --Gwern (contribs) 03:03 4 March 2008 (GMT)

Some more Googling research indicates that it's a fanon name - for some reason or another, it's become the most common name given to her in fan fiction. Similarly, Mrs. Tendo appears to have somehow acquired the name "Kimiko." Don't ask me how. As for "Mari," it's been used in Shinji and Warhammer40k, Neon Genesis Evanjellydonut, and Higher Learning, just to name a few, but I can find no official source. --76.31.137.85 (talk) 10:30, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Use of term Seiyu
The word seiyu has different spellings in this article; seiyuu and seiyu. Can someone with better knowledge of its correct usage confirm this inconsistency is necessary or appropriate? Also, I feel we should link the first use of the word to its own article since I don't believe it's even an English word and as such direct reference to its meaning is important. Ninestories (talk) 03:00, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Good point; the link has been made. Willbyr (talk | contribs) 03:51, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually, it should be replaced with Japanese voice actor/actress per WP:USEENGLISH and WP:JARGON. Seiyū simply means "voice actor", but anime fans outside Japan have taken the term to mean only Japanese voice actors. And since Wikipedia is not a fan website, we should use the more neutral term. --Farix (Talk) 12:29, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Isn't seiyu a more precise term? 'Japanese voice actor' parses at least 2 ways - a voice actor in any market who is of Japanese descent, and a voice actor for the Japanese market (regardless of nationality or ethnicity). The article uses seiyu to disambiguate and make clear the second meaning is meant. (I'd note that not all cases can be inferred due to an English VA being listed - many of the minor characters have listed seiyu but no English VA.) --Gwern (contribs) 16:20 18 February 2009 (GMT)
 * I agree with Gwern. Willbyr (talk | contribs) 17:27, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Translation of the amateur who mixed false information
Sadamoto designed her to look British, and added glasses as a 'simple yet effective way to set her apart from the other characters'

It points out only clothes. Her character makes middle-aged father in Japan a base.221.184.34.189 (talk) 02:07, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

The source is a pamphlet distributed in the movie theater. The origin of her character surely has the explanation, saying that "Father at the Showa era(昭和の親父)". 221.184.34.189 (talk) 02:26, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

 * What exactly are you saying? That the translation is incorrect?
 * No one is saying that Mari is of Caucasian ethnicity or of British nationality (although the latter is plausible); just that Sadamoto designed her to look British. Given the multiple times he says that in the interview and the multiple ways he says it, I find it hard to believe the translator could've gotten it all wrong.
 * And you know what? She does look British. Checkered skirt, socks, the bow - very British. --Gwern (contribs) 14:47 24 January 2010 (GMT)

 * 221.184.34.189 and 218.230.180.77 are me. The base of the speech and behavior of mari is middle-aged father in Japan. This strange idea was decided by Hideaki Anno. Do you say that you cannot understand this? 61.119.138.64 (talk) 00:09, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

When the source is seen, her name is falsified by mary and the name of the Britain style. It is dangerous to make the amateur's translation a source. 218.230.180.77 (talk) 18:16, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I think I see the problem. Are you familiar with the ideas of 'in-universe' and 'out of universe' material? Inside the Eva universe, the explanation of the clothing and appearance of Mari may be as you say, although you must be omitting something because a 'middle-aged father in Japan' has nothing to do with Britain. Outside the Eva universe, the appearance & clothing of Mari are due to design choices by Sadamoto working under orders from Anno or whomever, seeking specific effects & meaning. The interview states that out of universe, Sadamoto wanted to make her look British and added the glasses for the stated reason. You seem to be confusing the in-universe and out of universe reasons.
 * What is the problem with the translation? 'Mary' is a perfectly respectable Romanization, since Mari=Maria=Mary. That's not an error anyone cares about, much less sufficient do discredit the translation as a source.
 * If you have no other objections, I will restore the material. --Gwern (contribs) 01:15 25 January 2010 (GMT)

 * Please do not say the fake information. Neither mari nor mary are the same marks in Japanese.The katakana named mari doesn't become mary. Mary and the translator who falsifies do not understand even the abc or are falsifying on purpose. 61.119.138.64 (talk) 02:04, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Gwern returned the article without objecting to the name of the imitation of the Britain style. What you believed was an imitation. An informal source where such a false information is explained is not admitted. 60.40.8.165 (talk) 16:25, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Explain what is false about it! Mari to Mary is well within translator license. I'd probably make that change myself, especially in an Evangelion context - a series which loves meaningless religious name like 'Adam' or 'Lilith' or 'Longinus' (or Caspar etc.).
 * If the translation is so bad, and your English good enough to argue with me, then you can surely provide a better translation of a snippet. Or something. Nothing stops you from looking at the original Sadamoto interview and showing that the translation is making up the British style. Or from showing that there is no Sadamoto interview.
 * There are many things you could say. Talking again and again about 'informal source' or 'false information' is not enough.
 * As the expression goes: put up or shut up. --Gwern (contribs) 17:08 25 January 2010 (GMT)

 * Mari(マリ)Maria(マリア) Mary(マリー or メアリー). I know the name of the project stage of mari is mariko. I am not selling it near myself though you tell it to make an original magazine look. An informal source is dangerous though saying many times is tired. 60.40.8.165 (talk) 17:21, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

I've asked the rest of the taskforce for advice here: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Anime and manga/Evangelion --Gwern (contribs) 17:35 25 January 2010 (GMT)

 * What are you doing?I only say the just argument. My IP changes automatically whenever PC is cut(Even I do not understand the reason either.). 60.40.8.165 (talk) 17:41, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Gwern stopped waiting for advice and took arbitrary actions. Your behavior is thoughtless. 61.119.136.56 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 23:44, 2 February 2010 (UTC).

School Uniform
Is an image of the school uniform really so necessary? In fact, it looks fan-made and we already have a picture of the characters who already wear the uniform.Bread Ninja (talk) 18:04, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

 * And for how long shall we have that screenshot?
 * I don't know that it is 'fan-made' (there is so much Eva merchandise), but you seem to be the only one bothered by it. --Gwern (contribs) 23:18 12 May 2010 (GMT)

 * And what's the point of the image? Show a school uniform already repeated

above? The number of users against something does not matter in wikipedia as it is not a democracy.Tintor2 (talk) 00:57, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Well yes i am bothered by it, but I'm not using it as my main point. i just don't think the image is necessary. is there any reason why we should have an image of the school uniform? i see i still have some tension with the old EVA group, hopefully it doesn't strive to something bad.Bread Ninja (talk) 16:24, 13 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I just realized that there's a rule, if you be bold, and someone reverts, than it will have to be discussed. So I'll just remove it. if anyone disagrees, well you can talk about it.Bread Ninja (talk) 15:46, 14 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Comment: It's a rule, but its meant to be for clearly have a disagreement and is not intended to make a point. 陣 内 Jinnai 02:43, 15 May 2010 (UTC)
 * So I've restored it. The content is not illegal, Free content, not unethical, and germane to the article, so I think the presumption ought to be against removal.
 * Why to keep it? The blue uniform is, like the plugsuit, iconic. While I don't offhand know of any Sadamoto commentary on the uniform akin to his hilarious comments on the plugsuit (see http://www.evamonkey.com/writings_sadamoto03.php ), although I have been asking on the Eva ML about a rumor that the school uniform was designed by Anno based on schoolgirl fetish videos, it is nevertheless a signature Eva uniform, and one that is not clearly depicted in the group shot. (It has only, what, 2? At an angle? As a small part of a tiny thumbnail?) It's not like we're short on paper/space, either.
 * Tintor: Wikipedia is not a democracy, but that doesn't mean everyone gets a Real Ultimate Minority Power of vetoing any content that strikes them as 'fan-made'. --Gwern (contribs) 21:19 16 May 2010 (GMT)
 * And when did I say anything about fanmade or powers? If the school uniform is really important to the article (if it has mentions of it), then the top image could just be reuploaded in a bigger resolution as it has both male and female uniforms.Tintor2 (talk) 21:28, 16 May 2010 (UTC)
 * My bad. I assumed that since you were not agreeing with me nor presenting any reason to remove it, you agreed with Bread Ninja's argument.
 * And no, we can't just re-upload it in higher resolution. Our fair use guidelines are hard enough to meet as it is. --Gwern (contribs) 21:42 16 May 2010 (GMT)
 * I don't see the current problem with the current resolution unless somebody has vision problems so there's still no point to have an image of a school uniform already shown above.Tintor2 (talk) 21:46, 16 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Jinnai, it wasn't to make a point. it wasn't so i don't get ignored after giving me a responce but no answer. Usually, i ask for consensus first before making bold edits unless i know for sure no one will disapprove, many EVA members know this, and since they will not reply back, that would mean i wouldn't make big edits. well that was until i discovered that rule. So if i didn't get a straight answer i would remove it and if they reverted and i left a discussion, then they would have to respond and discuss it. Gwern, i didn't say to remove it at first did i? my first comment was a question, so i should at least gotten a straight answer instead of making it sound so trivial. Anyways i read more on that site, and says nothing specifically on the school uniform whatsoever. Saying the blue uniform is like the plugsuit is Original research.Bread Ninja (talk) 03:27, 17 May 2010 (UTC)
 * BN, I gave you 2 different reasons to keep it and pointed out a likely erroneous assumption you were making. Please don't complain that I didn't give an answer. If you don't understand what I am saying, ask me to clarify; for example, I don't understand your question to me at all. (There, that wasn't so hard.) --Gwern (contribs) 00:34 20 May 2010 (GMT)
 * I was referring to your first responce. i meant to say give answers the first time rather than argue whether i'm bothered by it. And i already discussed about the two reasons. 1) was that the blue uniform was iconic even though you would need a ref for that. The ref you gave wasn't really explaining much or giving any special attention to the uniform itself, and really it's talkinga bout how their appearances is subdue rather than stand out. Actually i can only find 1 reason, what was the second one? either way...Even if the uniform was important, why add it in the list of characters article? it doesn't make much sense.Bread Ninja (talk) 00:58, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Is that the actual uniform? The sleeves in the picture of the characters  go to their elbows, while the picture featured of an actual school uniform seems much shorter.  The skirt doesn't look as long as it does in the Anime.  Anyway, if you are going to show the uniform, it should be from the anime itself, or a picture from the manga perhaps.  Show off one of the girls wearing it, that making more sense.   D r e a m Focus  16:53, 21 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Must... resist... urge... to accuse you of OR.
 * And it could be from the anime or manga, but A) we don't currently have one, and we do have this. B) Same fair use issues as before. --Gwern (contribs) 20:46 2 June 2010 (GMT)

 * Although it could be OR, s/he's right that the school uniform does not match of the anime and we have yet to see any live action NGE series to prove this or any proof that this is an official NGE merchandise. This appears to more otaku cosplay merchandise and on top of that, we have nothing to prove that the school uniform is iconic as the plugsuits to the characters of NGE. So i still don't see the reason why it should even be kept or even search for an image of the characters in there school uniform. The image of the characters is enough. Adding a picture specifically for the uniform itself is trivial.Bread Ninja (talk) 03:30, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * The sleeve thing proves nothing; there are summer and winter uniforms, after all. And they surely come in varying sizes, and there may've been manufacturing compromises, and... (It's not even implausible that they would be sold; Gainax seems to have merchandized every other possible thing.) --Gwern (contribs) 21:36 6 June 2010 (GMT)

1)the image is a poor representation of the school uniform and we have not seen any winter or summer uniform yet, so thats OR. ALso assuming that this is official merchandise from gainax is OR as well unless you can prove it.

2)You have not supported why it should stay other than for the sake of it staying there. Sorry, but i'm going to say your faliing under WP:ILIKEIT.Bread Ninja (talk) 21:52, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Poor representation - alright, I'll call a spade a spade. That accusation is pure OR. Show proof that it is not a good representation.
 * Nor do I need to justify it. It is the garment that Rei and Asuka wear when they are not wearing plugsuits. It is half their wardrobe. It is not clearly visible in the tilted tiny screenshot. It is germane to this page. You are engaging in WP:JUSTDONTLIKEIT. You keep making vague claims like 'I don't understand', but nothing about guidelines or policy. --Gwern (contribs) 19:09 8 June 2010 (GMT)
 * a spade by a spade? the reason why i keep repeating myself is because you haven't given a reason why the image itself should be kept and yes you do need to justify it. Just because they wear the same outfit for almost entire series, does not mean we need an image of it, if the image of all the characters in there usual outfit is already in here. and i'm pretty sure my comments are straight forward, if you have a problem about a specific sentence i said, then mention it. As tintor2 already said, i don't see the point of having this image.Bread Ninja (talk) 20:58, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I've given the reason tons of time! It's a relevant picture, under a Free license, and a backup for our crappy tiny fair use picture which will probably be deleted in a few years anyway. --Gwern (contribs) 17:52 22 June 2010 (GMT)

ALso you cannot accuse someone for WP:IDONTLIKEIT if you have been accused of WP:ILIKEIT and haven't defended why it should be kept. The accusation si not pure OR, it's specualtion. You haven't defended the image, and i'm not the on ly one here, so don't focus the argument solely on me. there is also tintor2 and dreamfocus.Bread Ninja (talk) 23:40, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Oh, so once someone has invoked it, they automatically win? I'll remember that in the future.
 * And don't try to count Dream Focus as against it; he's only wondered whether it's accurate and suggested that better pictures could be found. This is true. It would also be nice if we all had ponies. Which defecate rainbows and ice cream. We are concerned with what we actually have. --Gwern (contribs) 17:52 22 June 2010 (GMT)

 * Not necessarily, you simply have not defended yourself when i accused you of WP:ILIKEIT. instead you try to counterattack by saying i'm going by WP:IDONTLIKEIT. I'm also confirmed on what we have and what is necessary, the image of school uniform is unecessary and there is no real reason to keepit.Bread Ninja (talk) 21:40, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

Character section format
I think we should change this to Main Character, Supporting Character, and other. There isn't much reason to keep it in this format.Bread Ninja (talk) 02:07, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I like it as it is; main character and supporting character is a pretty subjective assessment and one that can easily change. (Mari is a supporting character right now, but in the next 2 movies, could easily become a main character.)
 * Also: I hereby accuse you of WP:IDONTLIKEIT. --Gwern (contribs) 17:52 22 June 2010 (GMT)

 * Its fine like it is now. Very hard to determine who was a main character and who was a supporting one.  Would you count their lines, the number of episodes they appeared in, or their actions?  This was is much better, since you have the children who were the pilots, then the NERV staff, etc.  Much easier to find who you are looking for.   D r e a m Focus  20:09, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

 * No, it's not fine the way it is because it's written in primarily in-universe style, that includes the format. Also, it's quite easy to tell which one is a supporting character, and which one is a main character. For example, all the children are main characters of course but some members of gehirn and Nerv are main characters, such as ritsuko, katsuragi, haji, Gendo, and i forget his name but the man that is also with gendo most of the time. and if a character becomes a main character, then we just change it. That's my reason for changing the format, so it's not because i don't like it, it's just too in-universe. But you simply said "I like it as it is", so whats your reason to keeping it in this format?  i will not accept main character/supporting characters being subjective assessment as a problem (because it's not).Bread Ninja (talk) 21:34, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

Japanese Names of Characters
Is there any reason why katakana is used for the personal names of ALL the characters? The reason I ask is because many, if not all, (i.e. Rei, Yui, etc.) have real Japanese names as personal names, so wouldn't it have the associated kanji instead?Bwing55543 (talk) 04:31, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I have no idea. Maybe they were there but were removed for lacking source? --Gwern (contribs) 16:37 21 January 2011 (GMT)

 * I just checked the japanese wiki, it appears to be kanji...are you sure you're not mistaking kanji for katakana?Bread Ninja (talk) 19:14, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Actually, ALL of the characters in Evangelion have their given names written intentionally in kataka (e.g. 碇シンジ, 綾波レイ). It's unknown whether they have the kanji but not stated, or simply don't have any in the first place (Asuka had her name written as "明日香" at the final ep of the TV series, but this may be an exception). I heard (i.e. I don't know the source) it was done to make the hidden information in the names be ambiguous, and to leave space for people to guess what they mean: For instance Shinji can be written as "神児" ("god child"), Rei as "霊" ("soul") or "零" ("zero"), Ryouji as "療治" ("remedy") and so on. Btw, just for further reference, even in real Japan, we (the Japanese) can have hiragana/katakana names if the parents want it (it's just not that common to be seen).--Doncot (talk) 20:29, 23 November 2012 (UTC)

Proposed merge with List of Angels in Neon Genesis Evangelion
The Angels really don't need 50kb to describe them. One introductory paragraph and a brief, bulleted list limited to a few sentences per Angel on the character list would be plenty. TTN (talk) 19:48, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Kind of hard when Apocalypse Academy adaptation gave them significant changes. but i'll vote for support.Lucia Black (talk) 05:53, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

Neon Genesis Evangelion characters are not characters from Rebuild of Evangelion
There is no place here for spare characters from Rebuild of Evangelion on this page. We need another page for them.

If i did't need ouno changes of one username, who just now learn to speak with others, i could change they to ZimaPasocom (talk) 08:27, 4 August 2015 (UTC)

Don't you dare trying to hide talk-page, coward ZimaPasocom (talk) 07:47, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

Do what ever you want, i don't care anymore. Marlin Setia1 (talk) 10:31, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

 * First, this is the list of characters for the entire franchise, not just the television series. So characters from Rebuild of Evagelion can be placed on this list. Second, I have cleaned up and reorganized the list to present it more in a real-life context. Since the Angles are monsters of the week through the series, they have been removed. I am also tempted to remove some other unimportant background characters, mainly those listed under other characters as they are not in the main plot. —Farix (t | c) 11:46, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The Angels are a critical element of the series (both the Anime and the Manga) - they are not simply MoTD - their origins and motivations are central to the plot. Removing them entirely is hardly appropriate. Please avoid mass deletions such as this in the future.(Hyperionsteel (talk) 23:51, 5 August 2015 (UTC))

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Potential quality upgrade
The Russian Evangelion articles appear to feature more outofuniverse information about the characters, sketches and more citations (see Rei's here). Since translation between Russian and English is easy to make (just Google Translate seems useful), I would recommend adding the extra information. After all, this is allowed by the Wikipedias.Tintor2 (talk) 16:21, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

New reception section
I've noticed the Reception section here is horribly outdated and only really mentions a 1996 Animage poll. This is fine by itself, but misses representing the changing views and popularity of the characters over time. I'll try and include a lot more sources there, and would appreciate any indications - I know I can scrape the character articles for at least a decent amount, and I also have access to the new Newtype ones post-3.0+1.0. I do have to wonder if it'll look good without that table, but maybe the Animage poll is undue weight at this point. Again, I appreciate any suggestions. FelipeFritschF (talk) 06:45, 10 August 2021 (UTC)


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Ozma of Oz

Ozma of Oz, published on July 30, 1907, was the third book of L. Frank Baum's Oz series. It was the first in which Baum was clearly intending a series of Oz books. It was followed by Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908).

It is the first Oz book where the majority of the action takes place outside of the Land of Oz. Only the final two chapters take place in Oz itself. This reflects a subtle change in theme: in the first book, Oz is the dangerous land through which Dorothy must win her way back to Kansas; in the third, Oz is the end and aim of the book. Dorothy's desire to return home is not as desperate as in the first book, and it is her uncle's need for her rather than hers for him that makes her return. This is the first book to mention Dorothy's last name, Gale.

The book was illustrated throughout in color by artist John R. Neill. It bore the following dedication: "To all the boys and girls who read my stories – and especially to the Dorothys – this book is lovingly dedicated."

The full title of the first edition read Ozma of Oz: A Record of Her Adventures with Dorothy Gale of Kansas, Billina the Yellow Hen, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger; Besides Other Good People Too Numerous to Mention Faithfully Recorded Herein.

Plot summary
On an ocean voyage with her uncle Henry to Australia, Dorothy is blown into the sea by a storm. She takes refuge on a floating chicken-coop, which washes ashore, along with the coop and a hen in it. The hen is able to speak; Dorothy gives it the name "Billina". Exploring the land, Dorothy and Billina are menaced by a tribe of brightly dressed "Wheelers", who have wheels instead of hands and feet. They also find a clockwork man named Tik-Tok (one of the first intelligent humanoid automatons in literature), who joins them.

Tik-Tok informs Dorothy and Billina that they are in the Land of Ev, which currently has no competent ruler, its king having committed suicide after selling his family to the Nome King. The three visit the castle of Princess Langwidere, who has many exchangeable, detachable heads. When Dorothy refuses to let Langwidere take her head and add it to her collection, Langwidere has a tantrum and locks Dorothy in a high tower within the palace.

Luckily, Princess Ozma and her Royal Court of Oz (many of whom appeared in the two previous Oz books) just happen to cross over the Deadly Desert on a mission to free the royal family from the Nome King. Upon arriving, Ozma takes charge and has Dorothy, Billina and Tik-Tok released from Langwidere's custody. The three join Ozma's expedition to the Kingdom of the Nomes.

When they arrive, the Nome King reveals that he has magically transformed the royal family into ornaments. When Ozma asks him to release them, he offers a bargain: the Oz people may enter his chambers and try to guess which of the Nome King's many ornaments they are, but if they fail to guess correctly, they will also become ornaments themselves. Ozma, the twenty-seven soldiers of the Royal Army of Oz, including the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and Tik-Tok, all suffer this bizarre fate. Dorothy luckily selects one ornament which turns out to be one of the royal family's young princes.

That night, Billina overhears the Nome King discussing his transformations with another Nome, and learns how to recognize, by color, which ornaments are transformed people. She also learns that the King's magic powers come from the Magic Belt that he wears. She is, therefore, able to free all the transformations. By exploiting the Nomes' fear of eggs, the Oz people are able to capture the magic belt and escape the Nome Kingdom with the royal family of Ev.

After returning the royal family of Ev to their throne, Ozma, Dorothy, and the others finally return to the country of Oz where a great victory celebration is held in the Emerald City's royal palace. Dorothy is officially made a Princess of Oz, Billina elects to remain in Oz, and Ozma uses the magic belt to send Dorothy to Australia where she is happily reunited with her Uncle Henry.

Adaptations
L. Frank Baum revisited this story for the plot of his 1913 musical The Tik-Tok Man of Oz, starring James C. Morton and Fred Woodward. Aside from Tik-Tok, a princess named Ozma, and a visit to the Nome King's domain, the similarities between the book and the finished play were minimal, allowing Baum to re-adapt the latter as the eighth Oz book, Tik-Tok of Oz, in 1914.

A theatrical adaptation called Ozma of Oz: A Tale of Time, written by Susan Zeder with music by Richard Gray, premiered at the Poncho Theatre in Seattle, Washington, in 1979. On its 20th anniversary in 1999, it was revived with the addition of further songs and titled, Time Again in Oz.

Elements from Ozma of Oz and the previous novel, The Marvelous Land of Oz, were incorporated into the 1985 film Return to Oz, featuring Fairuza Balk as Dorothy. Although most of the plot was taken from Ozma, the action was chiefly relocated to the derelict Emerald City, ruled by Princess Mombi (Princess Langwidere in all but name, as well as keeping Ozma as her slave) and her Wheelers. In the second half of the film, Dorothy, Billina, Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, and the Gump traveled to the Nome King's mountain, to rescue the Scarecrow from the King's ornament collection, which was emerald green, unlike the book's royal purple. Drawn from the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz's famous ruby slippers were used in place of the magic belt.

The 1986 anime adaptation of the first novel included this story. It was later shortened and edited into a single feature for United States VHS and LaserDisc (and later DVD) release.

The book was also made into a Canadian animated feature film in 1987 called Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz. It is a condensed version, running only 28 minutes. A video release features a live introduction by actor Michael Gross.

title: Ozma of Oz


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Kumamoto University

Kumamoto University (熊本大学), abbreviated to Kumadai (熊大), is a Japanese national university located in Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture in the Kyushu region of Japan. It was established on May 31, 1949, at which time the following institutions were subsumed into it; Kumamoto Teachers College (established in 1874), Kumamoto Pharmaceutical College (1885), the Fifth High School (1887), Kumamoto Medical College (1896), and Kumamoto Technical College (1906).

Currently, the university has seven faculties and eight graduate schools with a total of around 10,000 Japanese students and 500 international students from Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Oceania. It is involved in the Top Global University Project, selected by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), which aims to improve education in Japanese universities in order to increase global recognition and compete with the rest of the world.

History
The university was chartered by the Showa government on May 31, 1949, under a new Japanese education system reforming older system, merging five institutions of higher education in the city of Kumamoto which includes Kumamoto Teachers College (熊本師範学校 Kumamoto shihan gakkō) established in 1887, Kumamoto Pharmaceutical College (熊本薬学専門学校 Kumamoto yakugaku semmon gakkō) established in 1885, the Fifth High School (第五高等学校 Dai-go kōtō gakkō) established in 1887, Kumamoto Medical College (熊本医科大学 Kumamoto ika daigaku) established in 1896 and Kumamoto Technical College (熊本高等工業学校 Kumamoto kōtō kōgyō gakkō) established in 1897 though the precursor of the university was founded in 1925 as a prefectural university of Kumamoto and subsequently it was reorganized as a national university in 1929.

The hub of the university at the time of foundation was the Fifth High School, which was a center for higher learning in western Japan during the Meiji period and the university began with six departments, with an enrollment of about 1,100 students. In 1955 the Graduate School of Medicine was established at the university and other graduate schools were subsequently founded.

In 2004 Kumamoto University became a National University Corporation under the National University Corporation Law.

Although the university was founded during the Taishō period (1912–1926), it has earlier roots in Saishunkan (再春館) established on September in 1756 as Han school of Kumamoto Domain and Banjien (藩滋園) established on July in 1756 by Shigekata Hosokawa, who was a Japanese samurai daimyō of the Edo period.

Campuses
The university has four campuses, two campuses in the Kurokami district, the others in the Honjo-kuhonji district and the Oe district respectively, in the city of Kumamoto.

Kurokami North Campus
Both of Kurokami North and South Campuses are the main campus, which are located in the Kurokami district of Kumamoto at the foot of Mount Tatsuda.
 * Location: 2-40-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto
 * Departments: Faculty of Letters, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Law
 * Graduate schools: Graduate School of Education, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, School of Law
 * Centers and institutes: The Memorial Museum of The Fifth High School, Research Center for Higher Education etc.

Kurokami South Campus
The headquarters building of the university is located in this campus.
 * Location: 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto
 * Departments: Faculty of Science, Faculty of Engineering
 * Graduate schools: Graduate School of Science and Technology
 * Centers and institutes: Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Magnesium Research Center etc.

Honjo-kuhonji Campus

 * Location: 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto
 * Department: Faculty of Medicine
 * Graduate schools: Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences
 * Centers and institutes: Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Center for AIDS Research etc.

Oe Campus

 * Location: 5-1, Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto
 * Department: School of Pharmacy
 * Graduate schools: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences
 * Centers and institutes: Institute of Resource Development and Analysis etc.

Organization
The university has about 10,000 students enrolled in its undergraduate and graduate programs. There are seven faculties, eight graduate schools and their affiliated centers and institutes. In addition, the university operates a kindergarten, an elementary school, a junior high school, and a school for disabled children.

Faculties

 * Faculty of Letters
 * Faculty of Education
 * Faculty of Law
 * Faculty of Science
 * Faculty of Medicine
 * School of Pharmacy
 * Faculty of Engineering

Graduate schools

 * Graduate School of Education
 * Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences
 * Graduate School of Science and Technology
 * School of Law
 * Faculty of Life Sciences
 * Graduate School of Medical Sciences
 * Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
 * Graduate School of Health Sciences

Research Centers

 * Center for Multimedia and Information Technologies
 * Center for Globalization
 * Research Center for Higher Education
 * Center for Policy Studies
 * The Memorial Museum of The Fifth High School
 * Institute for e-Learning Development
 * Center for Marine Environment Studies
 * Magnesium Research Center
 * Institute of Resource Development and Analysis
 * Center for AIDS Research
 * Environmental Safety Center
 * Research Center for Buried Cultural Properties
 * Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics
 * Institute of Pulsed Power Science

Affiliated Centers, Institutes and Schools

 * Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence
 * Kumamoto University Innovative Collaboration Organization (KICO)
 * Organization for Globalization
 * Organization for General Education
 * Health Care Center
 * Kumamoto University affiliated schools
 * Eisei-Bunko Research Center

Academics

 * Hiroaki Mitsuya, virologist famous for his role in discovery of the anti-HIV drug zidovudine (AZT)
 * Yasuhiro Muramatsu, medical scientist, famous for advocator for the enhanced permeability and retention effect
 * Kenichiro Aoki, earth scientist
 * Chuhei Takashima, archaeologist
 * Masazumi Harada, researcher of Minamata disease
 * Takeshi Yamakawa, researcher in the area of fuzzy logic, among other achievements helped Omron to become a leader in this field during the 1980s and 1990s
 * Meng Yonggang, Tribologist, Director, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University

Politics

 * Yasuyuki Eda, politician, House of Representatives member

Business

 * Yukinori Kuwano PhD, engineer, former president of Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
 * Kazunobu Abe, businessman, CEO of Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
 * Kazuma Tateishi, founder of OMRON Corporation

Art

 * Takehiko Inoue, manga artist

Entertainment

 * Miyako Miyazaki, model, 4th runner up of Miss Universe 2003
 * Keiko Saito, actress
 * Yoshiko Miyazaki, actress

Literature

 * Akira Mitsuoka, author, winner of Naoki prize

Athletes

 * Rio Kamikaze, female Kickboxer
 * Mr. Gannosuke, professional wrestler

title: Kumamoto University