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United States Forces Japan

The United States Forces Japan (USFJ) (在日米軍) is a subordinate unified command of the United States Indo-Pacific Command. It was activated at Fuchū Air Station in Tokyo, Japan, on 1 July 1957 to replace the Far East Command. USFJ is headquartered at Yokota Air Base in Tokyo and is commanded by the Commander, US Forces Japan who is also commander of the Fifth Air Force.

U.S. Forces Japan plans, directs, and supervises the execution of missions and responsibilities assigned by the Indo-Pacific Command; they establish and implement policies to accomplish the mission of the United States Armed Forces in Japan and are responsible for developing plans for the defense of the country. USFJ supports the Security Treaty and administers the Status of Forces Agreement between the United States and Japan. They are responsible for coordinating various matters of interest with the service commanders in Japan. These include matters affecting U.S.-Japan relationships among and between the United States Department of Defense (DOD); DOD agencies and the U.S. Ambassador to Japan; and DOD agencies and the Government of Japan.

Under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, the United States is obliged to provide Japan – in close cooperation with the Japan Self-Defense Forces – with maritime defense, ballistic missile defense, domestic air control, communications security, and disaster response.

History
After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in Asia, the United States Armed Forces assumed administrative authority in Japan. The Imperial Japanese Army and Navy were decommissioned, and the U.S. Armed Forces took control of Japanese military bases until a new government could be formed and positioned to reestablish authority. Allied forces planned to demilitarize Japan, and the new government adopted the Constitution of Japan with a no-armed-force clause in 1947.

After the Korean War began in 1950, Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan, in agreement with the Japanese government, established the paramilitary "National Police Reserve", which was later developed into the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. It means the de facto remilitarization of postwar Japan.

In 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco was signed by the Allies and Japan, which restored its formal sovereignty. At the same time, the U.S. and Japan signed the Japan-America Security Alliance. By this treaty, USFJ is responsible for the defense of Japan. As part of this agreement, the Japanese government requested that the U.S. military bases remain in Japan and agreed to provide funds and various interests specified in the Status of Forces Agreement. At the expiration of the treaty, the United States and Japan signed the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan. The status of the United States Forces Japan was defined in the U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement. This treaty is still in effect, and it forms the basis of Japan's foreign policy.

During the Vietnam War, U.S. military bases in Japan, especially those in the Okinawa Prefecture, were used as important strategic and logistic bases. In 1970, the Koza riot occurred against the U.S. military presence on Okinawa. Strategic bombers were deployed to the bases on Okinawa. Before the 1972 reversion of the island to Japanese administration, it has been speculated but never confirmed that up to 1,200 nuclear weapons may have been stored at Kadena Air Base during the 1960s.

, there are approximately 50,000 U.S. military personnel stationed in Japan, along with approximately 40,000 dependents of military personnel and another 5,500 American civilians employed there by the United States Department of Defense. The United States Seventh Fleet is based in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture. The III Marine Expeditionary Force is based on Okinawa. 130 U.S. Air Force fighters are stationed at Misawa Air Base and Kadena Air Base.

The Japanese government paid ¥217 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2007 as annual host-nation support called Omoiyari Yosan (思いやり予算). As of the 2011 budget, such payment was no longer to be referred to as omoiyari yosan or "sympathy budget". Japan compensates 75% ($4.4 billion) of U.S. basing costs.

Immediately after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 9,720 dependents of United States military and government civilian employees in Japan evacuated the country, mainly to the United States.

The relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Henoko Bay was resolved in December 2013 with the signing of a landfill agreement by the governor of Okinawa. Under the terms of the U.S.-Japan agreement, 5,000 U.S. Marines were relocated to Guam, and 4,000 Marines were sent to other Pacific locations such as Hawaii or Australia, while around 10,000 Marines were to remain on Okinawa. No timetable for the Marines redeployment was announced, but The Washington Post reported that U.S. Marines would leave Okinawa as soon as suitable facilities on Guam and elsewhere were ready. The relocation move was expected to cost $8.6 billion, including a $3.1 billion cash commitment from Japan for the move to Guam as well as for developing joint training ranges on Guam and on Tinian and Pagan in the Northern Mariana Islands. Certain parcels of land on Okinawa which were leased for use by the American military were supposed to be turned back to Japanese control via a long-term phased return process according to the agreement. These returns have been ongoing since 1972. In October 2020, Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz was activated on Guam. The new base is meant to house Marines relocated from Okinawa, with the final relocation planned for 2025.

United States presence debate
As of May 2022, the stationing of U.S. military personnel at military facilities across Okinawa Island remains a hotly-contested and controversial issue, with the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma often being at the forefront of protests against the presence of U.S. military presence on the island. Okinawa makes up only 0.6% of the nation's land area; yet, approximately 62% of United States bases in Japan (exclusive use only) are on Okinawa. Despite an agreement to relocate Marine Corps Air Station Futenma first being reached by the Japanese and U.S. governments in 1996, progress to relocate the base has stalled because of the protests as well as environmental concerns resulting from the construction, operation and relocation of the base. The U.S. government employs over eight thousand Master Labor Contract/Indirect Hire Agreement workers on Okinawa (per the Labor Management Organization), not including Okinawan contract workers.

There is also debate over the Status of Forces Agreement since it covers a variety of administrative technicalities blending the systems which control how certain situations are handled between the U.S.'s and Japan's legal framework.

Surveys among Japanese
In May 2010, a survey of the Okinawan people conducted by the Mainichi Shimbun and the Ryūkyū Shimpō, found that 71% of Okinawans surveyed thought that the presence of Marines on Okinawa was not necessary (15% said it was necessary). When asked what they thought about 62% of exclusive use United States Forces Japan bases being concentrated on Okinawa, 50% said that the number should be reduced and 41% said that the bases should be removed. When asked about the US-Japan security treaty, 55% said it should be a peace treaty, 14% said it should be abolished, and 7% said it should be maintained.

Many of the bases, such as Yokota Air Base, Naval Air Facility Atsugi and Kadena Air Base, are located in the vicinity of residential districts, and local citizens have complained about excessive aircraft noise. The 2014 poll by Ryūkyū Shimpō found that 80% of surveyed Okinawans want the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma moved out of the prefecture. On 25 June 2018, Okinawan residents protested against the construction of a new airfield. Activists holding placards and banners went to sea on 70 boats and ships. Protesters urged the Japanese authorities to stop the expansion of the U.S. military presence on the island. Some of the boats went to the guarded construction site, where they came across the Coast Guard patrol vessels. Some activists were arrested for entering a prohibited zone.

On 11 August 2018, about 70,000 protesters gathered at a park in the prefecture capital of Naha to protest the planned relocation of a U.S. military base on the southern Japanese island. Opponents of the relocation said the plan to move Marine Corps Air Station Futenma from a crowded neighborhood to a less populated coastal site would not only affect the environment, but would also go against local wishes to have the base moved from the island entirely.

Crime
At the beginning of the occupation of Japan in 1945, many U.S. soldiers participated in the Special Comfort Facility Association. The Japanese government organised the enslavement of 55,000 women to work providing sexual services to U.S. military personnel before the surrender. On discovery of the program, the association was closed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.

Between 1972 and 2009, U.S. servicemen committed 5,634 criminal offenses, including 25 murders, 385 burglaries, 25 arsons, 127 rapes, 306 assaults, and 2,827 thefts. Yet, per Marine Corps Installations Pacific data, U.S. service members are convicted of far fewer crimes than local Okinawans. According to the U.S.-Japan Status of Forces Agreement, when U.S. personnel crimes are committed both off-duty and off-base, they should be prosecuted under the Japanese law. In 2008 the National Police Agency released its annual criminal statistics that included activity within the Okinawa prefecture. These findings held American troops were only convicted of 53 crimes per 10,000 U.S. male servicemen, while Okinawan males were convicted of 366 crimes per 10,000. The crime rate found a U.S. serviceman on Okinawa to be 86% less likely to be convicted of a crime by the Japanese government than an Okinawan male.

In more recent history, "crimes ranging from rape to assault and hit-and-run accidents by U.S. military personnel, dependents and civilians have long sparked protests in the prefecture," stated The Japan Times. "A series of horrific crimes by present and former U.S. military personnel stationed on Okinawa has triggered dramatic moves to try to reduce the American presence on the island and in Japan as a whole," commented The Daily Beast in 2009.

In 1995, the abduction and rape of a 12-year-old Okinawan schoolgirl by two U.S. Marines and one U.S. sailor led to demands for the removal of all U.S. military bases in Japan. Other controversial incidents include the Girard incident in 1957, the Michael Brown Okinawa assault incident in 2002, the death of the Kinjo family in 1996, and the hit-and-run death of Yuki Uema in 1998. In February 2008, a 38-year-old U.S. Marine based on Okinawa was arrested in connection with the reported rape of a 14-year-old Okinawan girl. This triggered waves of protest against American military presence on Okinawa and led to tight restrictions on off-base activities. Although the accuser withdrew her charges, the U.S. military court-martialed the suspect and sentenced him to four years in prison under the stricter rules of the military justice system.

U.S. Forces Japan designated 22 February as a "Day of Reflection" for all U.S. military facilities in Japan and established the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Task Force in an effort to prevent similar incidents. In November 2009, Staff Sergeant Clyde "Drew" Gunn, a U.S. Army soldier stationed at Torii Station was involved in a hit-and-run accident of a pedestrian in Yomitan Village on Okinawa. In April 2010, Gunn was charged with failing to render aid and vehicular manslaughter, and he was sentenced to two years and eight months in jail.

In 2013, Seaman Christopher Browning and Petty Officer 3rd Class Skyler Dozierwalker were found guilty by the Naha District Court of raping and robbing a woman in a parking lot in October. Both admitted committing the crime. The case outraged Okinawans and sparked tougher restrictions for all U.S. military personnel in Japan, including a curfew and drinking restrictions.

On 13 May 2013, in a controversial statement, Toru Hashimoto, Mayor of Osaka and co-leader of the Japan Restoration Association said to a senior American military official at the Marine Corps base on Okinawa that "we can't control the sexual energy of these brave Marines." He said that Marines should make more use of the local adult entertainment industry to reduce sexual crimes against local women. Hashimoto also spoke of the necessity of former Japanese Army comfort women and of prostitutes for the U.S. military in other countries such as Korea.

In June 2016, after a civilian worker at the base was charged with murdering a Japanese woman, thousands of people protested on Okinawa. Organizers estimated turnout at 65,000 people, which was the largest anti-base protests on Okinawa since 1995. In November 2017, an intoxicated U.S. service member was arrested following a vehicle crash on Okinawa that killed the other driver.

Although other crimes committed by U.S. servicemen (as well as crimes by Japanese) have occurred in Japan, the Status of Forces Agreement protects servicemen and their employees. Suspects are usually handed over U.S. bases first so Japanese judicial investigations and trials would be severely restricted. Many offenders who have committed sexual assaults and murders have also escaped trials sometimes through transfer, release or honorary discharges when they are in barracks, which is one of the reasons for antipathy from the victims and other local citizens along with the Japanese government's indecision.

Osprey deployment
In October 2012, twelve MV-22 Ospreys were transferred to Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to replace aging Vietnam-era Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters. In October 2013, an additional 12 Ospreys arrived. Japanese Defense Minister Satoshi Morimoto explained that the Osprey aircraft is safe, adding that two recent accidents were "caused by human factors". Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda also stated that the Japanese government was convinced of the MV-22's safety. Various incidents involving V-22 Ospreys have occurred on Okinawa. On 5 April 2018, it was announced that the U.S. Air Force would officially deploy CV-22 Osprey aircraft at its Yokota Air Base.

Environmental concerns
Environmental concerns have taken the forefront of the debate over the presence of U.S. military forces on Okinawa. Since the late 1990s, environmental concerns elevated by both local residents as well as larger Okinawan and Japanese environmental action groups and independent activists have often resulted in public protests and demonstrations against the relocation of existing U.S. military bases and the construction of replacement facilities, which have been labelled by some as examples of "modern colonialism". In particular, lingering environmental concerns over the disruption or destruction of coastal and marine habitats off the shores of Okinawa from construction, relocation and operation of U.S. military bases on Okinawa, has resulted in the protracted and continuing delayal of plans to relocate military facilities, such as Marine Corps Air Station Futenma.

Okinawa dugong lawsuit
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, initial plans to relocate Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to a new facility located offshore in Henoko Bay were met with strong resistance after sightings of dugong were reported in areas surrounding territory earmarked for the relocated airbase. A critically endangered species, dugong were traditionally fished and hunted throughout Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands. This drew the attention of local, national and international environmental action groups, who raised concerns that land reclamation projects tied to the construction of an offshore airbase in Henoko Bay would result in the destruction of nearby dugong habitats and coastal ecosystems. Despite this, plans were set forth to continue ahead with the relocation of the base, notably, flouting the results of a 1997 referendum where the majority voted to reject a replacement facility.

In opposition to this, in September 2003, a group of Okinawan, Japanese and U.S. environmental organizations filed a lawsuit in San Francisco Federal Court to protest the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma. This lawsuit, initially entitled Okinawa Dugong v. Rumsfeld, argued that the U.S. Department of Defense failed to consider the impacts that relocating the base would have upon the local dugong population, in turn, violating the U.S. National Historic Preservation Act. This case was closed in January 2008; notably for the plaintiffs, it was ruled that the Department of Defense, by not considering the impacts of the relocated airbase upon the local dugong population, had in fact violated the National Historic Preservation Act, thus delaying the relocation of the base.

Water contamination
Concerns over water contamination have also exacerbated recent tensions surrounding the presence of U.S. military bases in Okinawa. In June 2020, following the announcement of an earlier leak of firefighting foam from Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in April 2020, a water quality study conducted by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment published findings of elevated contamination levels of PFOS and PFOA at 37 different water sources near U.S. military bases and industrial areas which exceeded provisional national targets. Further incidents concerning the release of the cancer-inducing toxins also occurred in August 2021, further worsening tensions over the presence of 'alarming' levels of these toxic chemicals.

Subsequent tests around Kadena Air Base, specifically the training site 50 meters west of Dakujaku River, confirmed severe contamination in the water system with PFAS chemicals. These chemicals reach 10s of meters underground while plumes spread for several kilometers from these contaminated training sites flowed into nearby wells and waterways of Dakujaku River and Hija River which contaminated the drinking water of 450,000 residents. These toxic chemicals originate from firefighting foams which contain PFAS and were used at training sites during the 1970s and 80s. However, the U.S. and Japanese governments say that the source of the issue cannot be confirmed.

List of current facilities

The USFJ headquarters is at Yokota Air Base, about 30 km west of central Tokyo.

The U.S. military installations in Japan and their managing branches are as follows:

 * Camp Smedley D. Butler, Okinawa Prefecture, Yamaguchi Prefectures. (Although these camps are dispersed throughout Okinawa and the rest of Japan they are all under the heading of Camp Smedley D. Butler):
 * Camp McTureous, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Camp Courtney, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Camp Foster, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Camp Kinser, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Camp Hansen, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Camp Schwab, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Camp Gonsalves (Jungle Warfare Training Center), Okinawa Prefecture
 * Kin Blue Beach Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Kin Red Beach Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Higashionna Ammunition Storage Point II
 * Henoko Ordnance Ammunition Depot
 * Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni
 * Camp Fuji, Shizuoka Prefecture
 * Numazu Training Area, Shizuoka Prefecture
 * Ie Jima Auxiliary Airfield, Okinawa Prefecture
 * Tsuken Jima Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture

Joint Use Facilities and Areas

Temporary use facilities and areas are as follows:

On Okinawa, U.S. military installations occupy about 10.4% of the total land usage. Approximately 74.7% of all the U.S. military facilities in Japan are located on the island of Okinawa.

List of former facilities
The United States has returned some facilities to Japanese control. Some are used as military bases of the JSDF; others have become civilian airports or government offices; many are factories, office buildings or residential developments in the private sector. Due to the Special Actions Committee on Okinawa, more land on Okinawa is in the process of being returned. These areas include Camp Kuwae (also known as Camp Lester), MCAS Futenma, areas within Camp Zukeran (also known as Camp Foster) located about 9900 acre of the Northern Training Area, Aha Training Area, Gimbaru Training Area (also known as Camp Gonsalves), a small portion of the Makiminato Service Area (also known as Camp Kinser), and Naha Port.

Army:
 * Army Composite Service Group Area (later, Chinen Service Area), Nanjō, Okinawa
 * Army STRATCOM Warehouse (later, Urasoe Warehouse), Urasoe, Okinawa
 * Bluff Area (later, Yamate Dependent Housing Area), Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Bolo Point Auxiliary Airfield (later, Trainfire Range), Yomitan, Okinawa
 * Bolo Point Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
 * Camp Bender, Ōta, Gunma
 * Camp Boone, Ginowan, Okinawa
 * Camp Burness, Chūō, Tokyo
 * Camp Chickamauga, 19th Infantry, Beppu, Oita
 * Camp Chigasaki, Chigasaki, Kanagawa
 * Camp Chitose Annex (Chitose I, II), Chitose, Hokkaido
 * Camp Coe, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Camp Crawford, Sapporo, Hokkaido
 * Camp Drake, Asaka, Saitama
 * Camp Drew, Ōizumi, Gunma
 * Camp Eta Jima, Etajima, Hiroshima
 * Camp Fowler, Sendai, Miyagi
 * Camp Fuchinobe (Office Japan, NSAPACREP), Sagamihara, Kanagawa
 * Camp Hakata, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
 * Camp Hardy, Ginoza, Okinawa
 * Camp Haugen, Hachinohe, Aomori
 * Camp Katakai, Kujūkuri, Chiba
 * Camp King (later, Omiya Ordnance Sub Depot), Omiya, Saitama
 * Camp Kokura, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
 * Camp Kubasaki (later, Kubasaki School Area), [Nakagusuku, Okinawa]
 * Camp Loper, Tagajō, Miyagi
 * Camp McGill, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Camp McNair, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi
 * Camp Mercy, Ginowan, Okinawa
 * Camp Moore, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
 * Camp Mower 34th Infantry, Sasebo, Nagasaki
 * Camp Nara, Nara, Nara
 * Camp Ojima, Ōta, Gunma
 * Camp Otsu, Ōtsu, Shiga
 * Camp Palmer, Funabashi, Chiba Camp Palmer Sign.jpg
 * Camp Schimmelpfennig, Sendai, Miyagi
 * Camp Stilwell, Maebashi, Gunma
 * Camp Weir, Shinto, Gunma
 * Camp Whittington, Kumagaya, Saitama
 * Camp Wood, 21st Infantry, Kumamoto
 * Camp Younghans, Higashine, Yamagata
 * Chibana Army Annex (later, Chibana Site), Okinawa, Okinawa
 * Chinen Army Annex (later, Chinen Site), Chinen, Okinawa
 * Chuo Kogyo (later, Niikura Warehouse Area), Wako, Saitama
 * Deputy Division Engineer Office, Urasoe, Okinawa
 * Division School Center, Kokura
 * Etchujima Warehouse, Koto, Tokyo
 * Funaoka Ammunition Depot, Shibata, Miyagi
 * Hachinohe LST Barge Landing Area, Hachinohe, Aomori
 * Hakata Transportation Office, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
 * Hamby Auxiliary Airfield, Chatan, Okinawa
 * Hosono Ammunition Depot, Seika, Kyoto
 * Iribaru (Nishihara) Army Annex, Uruma, Okinawa
 * Ishikawa Army Annex, Uruma, Okinawa
 * Japan Logistical Command (Yokohama Customs House), Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Jefferson Heights, Chiyoda, Tokyo
 * Kanagawa Milk Plant, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Kashiji Army Annex, Chatan, Okinawa
 * Kishine Barracks, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Kobe Pier No. 6, Kobe, Hyogo
 * Kobe Port Building, Kobe, Hyogo
 * Koza Radio Relay Annex (later, Koza Communication Site), Okinawa, Okinawa
 * Kure Barge Landing Area, Kure, Hiroshima
 * Lincoln Center, Chiyoda, Tokyo
 * Moji Port, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
 * Nagoya Procurement (Purchasing and Contracting) Office, Nagoya, Aichi
 * Naha Army Annex (later, Naha Site), Naha, Okinawa
 * Naha Service Center, Naha, Okinawa
 * Namihira Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
 * Negishi Racetrack Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Okinawa Regional Exchange Cold Storage (later, Naha Cold Storage), Naha, Okinawa
 * Okinawa Regional Exchange Dry Storage Warehouse (later, Makiminato Warehouse), Urasoe, Okinawa
 * Onna Point Army Annex (later, Onna Site), Onna, Okinawa
 * Oppama Ordnance Depot, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Ota Koizumi Airfield (Patton Field Air Drop Range), Oizumi, Gunma
 * Palace Heights, Chiyoda, Tokyo
 * Pershing Heights (Headquarters, U.S. Far East Command/United Nations Command), Shinjuku, Tokyo
 * Sakuradani Rifle Range, Chikushino, Fukuoka
 * Sanno Hotel Officer's Quarter, Chiyoda, Tokyo
 * Shikotsuko Training Area, Chitose, Hokkaido
 * Shinzato Communication Site, Nanjo, Okinawa
 * South Ammunition Storage Annex (later, South Ammunition Storage Area), Yaese, Okinawa
 * Sunabe Army Annex, Chatan, Okinawa
 * Tana Ammunition Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Tairagawa (Deragawa) Communication Site, Uruma, Okinawa
 * Tengan Communication Site, Uruma, Okinawa
 * Tokyo Army Hospital, Chūō, Tokyo
 * Tokyo Quartermaster Depot, Minato, Tokyo
 * Tokyo Ordnance Depot (later, Camp Oji), Kita, Tokyo
 * U.S. Army Medical Center, Sagamihara, Kanagawa
 * U.S. Army Printing and Publication Center, Far East, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
 * U.S. Army Procurement Agency, Japan, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Center Pier (MSTS-FE), Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Engineering Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Motor Command, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Ordnance Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama POL Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Servicemen Club, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Signal Supply Depot, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Signal Maintenance Depot (JLC Air Strip), Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama South Pier, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yomitan Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
 * Zama Rifle Range, Sagamihara, Kanagawa
 * Zukeran Propagation Annex (later, Communication Site), Chatan, Okinawa

Navy:
 * Haiki (Sasebo) Rifle Range, Sasebo, Nagasaki
 * Inanba Shima Gunnery Firing Range, Mikurajima, Tokyo
 * Kinugasa Ammunition Depot, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Koshiba POL Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Ominato Communication Site, Ominato, Aomori
 * Omura Rifle Range, Omura, Nagasaki
 * Makiminato Service Area Annex, Urasoe, Okinawa
 * Minamitorishima Communication Site, Ogasawara, Tokyo
 * Nagahama Rifle Range, Kure, Hiroshima
 * Nagai Dependent Housing Area (Admiralty Heights), Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Nagiridani Dependent Housing Area, Sasebo, Nagasaki
 * Naval Air Facility Naha, Naha, Okinawa
 * Naval Air Facility Oppama, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Navy EM Club, Yokosuka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Niigata Sekiya Communication Site, Chuo-ku, Niigata
 * Shinyamashita Dependent Housing Area (Bayside Court), Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Sobe Communication Site (NSGA Hanza), Yomitan, Okinawa
 * Tokachibuto Communication Site, Urahoro, Hokkaido
 * Tomioka Storage Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Tsujido Maneuver Area, Chigasaki, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Bakery, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Beach (Honmoku) Dependent Housing Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Chapel Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokohama Cold Storage, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Yokosuka Naval Pier, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Yosami Communication Site, Kariya, Aichi

Air Force:
 * Ashiya Air Base (later, ATG Range), Ashiya, Fukuoka
 * Asoiwayama Liaison Annex, Tobetsu, Hokkaido
 * Brady Air Base (later, Gannosu Air Station), Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
 * Chiran Communication Site, Chiran, Kagoshima
 * Chitose Air Base, Chitose, Hokkaido
 * Daikanyama Communication Site, Yugawara, Kanagawa
 * Fuchu Air Station (Headquarters, USFJ/Fifth Air Force, 1957–1974), Fuchu, Tokyo
 * Funabashi Communication Site, Funabashi, Chiba
 * Grant Heights Dependent Housing Area, Nerima, Tokyo
 * Green Park Housing Annex, Musashino, Tokyo
 * Hachinohe Small Arms Range, Hachinohe, Aomori
 * Hamura School Annex, Hamura, Tokyo
 * Haneda Air Base (later, Postal Service Annex), Ota, Tokyo
 * Hanshin Auxiliary Airfield, Yao, Osaka
 * Hirao Communication Site, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka
 * Itami Air Base, Itami, Hyogo
 * Itazuke Administration Annex (Kasugabaru DHA), Kasuga, Fukuoka
 * Itazuke Air Base, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
 * Johnson Air Base (later, Air Station, Family Housing Annex), Iruma, Saitama
 * Kadena Dependent Housing Area, Yomitan, Okinawa
 * Kanto Mura Dependent Housing Area and Auxiliary Airfield, Chofu, Tokyo
 * Kasatoriyama Radar Site, Tsu, Mie
 * Kashiwa Communication Site (Camp Tomlinson), Kashiwa, Chiba
 * Komaki (Nagoya) Air Base, Komaki, Aichi
 * Kozoji Ammunition Depot, Kasugai, Aichi
 * Kume Jima Air Station, Kumejima, Okinawa
 * Kushimoto Radar Site, Kushimoto, Wakayama
 * Miho Air Base, Sakaiminato, Tottori
 * Mineoka Liaison Annex, Minamiboso, Chiba
 * Mito ATG Range, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki
 * Miyako Jima Air Station, Miyakojima, Okinawa
 * Miyako Jima VORTAC Site, Miyakojima, Okinawa
 * Moriyama Air Station, Nagoya, Aichi
 * Naha Air Base, Naha, Okinawa
 * Naha Air Force/Navy Annex, Naha, Okinawa
 * Najima Warehouse Area, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
 * Niigata Air Base, Niigata, Niigata
 * Ofuna Warehouse, Yokohama, Kanagawa
 * Oshima Communication Center, Oshima, Tokyo
 * Rokko Communication Site, Kobe, Hyogo
 * Senaha Communications Station, Yomitan, Okinawa (returned to the Japanese government in September 2006)
 * Sendai Kunimi Communication Site, Sendai, Miyagi
 * Showa (later, Akishima) Dependent Housing Area, Akishima, Tokyo
 * Shiroi Air Base, Kashiwa, Chiba
 * Sunabe Warehouse, Chatan, Okinawa
 * Tachikawa Air Base, Tachikawa, Tokyo
 * Tokyo Communication Site (NTTPC Central Telephone Exchange), Chūō, Tokyo
 * Wajima Liaison Annex, Wajima, Ishikawa
 * Wajiro Water Supply Site, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
 * Wakkanai Air Station, Wakkanai, Hokkaido
 * Washington Heights Dependent Housing Area, Shibuya, Tokyo
 * Yamada Ammunition Depot, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
 * Yokawame Communication Site, Misawa, Aomori
 * Yozadake Air Station, Itoman, Okinawa

Marines:
 * Aha Training Area, Kunigami, Okinawa
 * Camp Gifu, Kakamigahara, Gifu
 * Camp Hauge, Uruma, Okinawa
 * Camp Okubo, Uji, Kyoto
 * Camp Shinodayama, Izumi, Osaka
 * Gimbaru Training Area, Kin, Okinawa
 * Ihajo Kanko Hotel, Uruma, Okinawa
 * Makiminato Housing Area, Naha, Okinawa
 * Onna Communication Site, Onna, Okinawa
 * Awase Golf Course, Okinawa Prefecture (returned to the Japanese government in April 2010)
 * Yaka Rest Center, Kin, Okinawa
 * Yomitan Auxiliary Airfield, Yomitan, Okinawa (returned to the Japanese government in 2006, parachute drop training ended in March 2001)

title: United States Forces Japan


text:
AAIB

AAIB may refer to:

Aircraft accident investigation organizations

 * Air Accident Investigation Bureau (Malaysia), an agency of the Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)
 * Air Accident Investigation Bureau (Mongolia), a branch of the government of Mongolia
 * Air Accident Investigation Bureau of Singapore, a statutory board of the Ministry of Transport in Singapore
 * Air Accidents Investigation Branch, a branch of the Department for Transport in the United Kingdom
 * Aircraft Accident Investigation Board (Iceland), a branch of the government of Iceland
 * Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (India), a branch of the government of India
 * Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (Switzerland), a former branch of the government of Switzerland

Other meanings

 * African Alliance Investment Bank

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: AAIB


text:
User talk:TOOL

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dori 05:08, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:TOOL


text:
User talk:Zabek

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dori 05:08, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

Parsha etc
Hi Zabek: Congratulations with your efforts at User:Zabek/Parashah chart, however see the efforts of User:YUL89YYZ at Parsha which is similar to your aims. User:YUL89YYZ is also technically proficient so I suggest that perhaps you could be of help to each other in this area. (I have also left him a message about your efforts). Best wishes. IZAK 09:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks IZAK and Shabbat Shalom.Zabek 10:41, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion at Jewish ethnocentrism
Hi Zabek. The Jewish ethnocentrism article is currently up for deletion. You can find the discussion, and vote, at Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism. Jayjg (talk) 17:32, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Just a note, the voting ends soon, so if you want to express your opinion or vote you'll have to hurry. Jayjg (talk) 15:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Rejection of Tanakh
Hi Zabek: Please see and vote at Categories for deletion/Log/2005 December 12 where it is beeing suggested that the word "Tanakh" is "not neutral", and I am trying to explain to them that it is in keeping with NPOV to convey the way Judaism uses certain terms to describe the Hebrew Bible/Tanakh. Thanks. IZAK 15:34, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Messianic prophecies (disambiguation)
Hi Zabek: Please see Articles for deletion/Messianic prophecies (disambiguation). Thank you. IZAK 11:58, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

The Bible
Hello, we really need help with clarification of terms at The Bible. If you're around could you plz help?

title: User talk:Zabek


text:
User talk:Idiotfromia

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
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If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dori 05:09, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Egg Slicer.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Egg Slicer.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. -- Longhair 11:30, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Nomination of Frosting spatula for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Frosting spatula is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Frosting spatula until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Chidgk1 (talk) 11:32, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Idiotfromia


text:
User talk:Yacht

Archive: 20040926-6155437

Re:happy happy happy!
I can't even read most of it, let alone understand it. This guy is a mystery. He's been showing up at San Francisco Chinatown chanting "Happy, Happy, Happy" for at least the past 30 years. It's actually quite funny seeing him in person, just not in the way he intended. He's also one of the nuts who frequent Sproul Plaza here in Berkeley. --Jiang 21:10, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:China-related topics notice board
Come and join us at China-related topics notice board? --Jiang 02:08, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

 * The CC-by-sa is a copyleft license like the GFDL, as you suspected when you posted the comment on my user page, so yes, the CC-by-sa is the license that you would want to use for multi-licensing. And again, I am asking every single user to multi-license, so I need you too!  See the progress at the project page.    – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)   14:05, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * The Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Dual License and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Dual License are incompatible licenses that differ purely on whether or not the contributions can be used commercially. The non-commercial license does not allow you to make money off of whatever is licensed under it.  The GFDL is most similar to the CC-by-sa, which allows commercial usage.  Of course all of these are copylefted, so even if someone tries to make some money off of it, they must share whatever it is that they are selling for free, that is you are always free to copy it under the terms of the license.  So the CC-by-sa and GFDL permit a book form that is sold, say, to cover the costs of running Wkipedia.  The CC-by-nc-sa does not allow the contributions to be used commercially. -- RM 20:29, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Re:zh-cn and zh-tw
People seem to be changing all instances of those to just zh:. I havent seen the discussion anywhere on en. it could be on zh. --Jiang 09:16, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Dragostea Din Tei
what about moving it out of the list of gay anthem for consistency? --User:Yacht (talk) 10:23, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * You don't need my permission. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ [ AMA ] 19:42, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

sean hayes
wooddoo from the chinese wikipedia. hayes should be pronounced as [heiz] so 黑斯 is much more precise than 海斯. you might wanna consider changing it.--Wooddoo-eng 10:36, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * hehe:) it's just a technical question. the reason i posted it was that i thought sean hayes is not already an established name in china like 费雯丽 for vivien leigh when actually it should've been 薇薇安·李. because people are used to 费雯丽. and i thought 黑斯 looks no less beautiful than 海斯, changing it won't do him any harm, plus his name gets to be more precise.

forgive me for sticking to transliteration :) i have a thing for precision-___- you might call that a bad habit or something. it's like charlize theron is translated in the mainland as 查理兹 but ch here is pronounced as [sh] so 莎莉兹 (in taiwan) is more appropriate and feminine so when i wrote her article in the chinese wikipedia i didn't use 查理兹 at all because it makes me feel very uncomfortable.--Wooddoo-eng 16:38, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Why Not Xinjiang Weiwuer instead if Xinjiang Uygur
I agree with you. As far as i have learned Xinjiang Weiwuer is the pinyin spelling. i had not belived Xinjiang Uygur was the correct pinyin spelling. However i may be wrong.

Deleted page "Portal:People's Republic of China (old)"
A page you created, or image you uploaded, Portal:People's Republic of China (old), has been [ deleted] in accordance with our deletion policy. In particular, it meets the one or more criteria for speedy deletion; the relevant criterion is:

 * Test pages (e.g., "Can I really create a page here?").

Wikipedia has certain standards for inclusion that all articles must meet. Certain types of article must establish the notability of their subject by asserting its importance or significance. Additionally, since Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, content inappropriate for an encyclopedia, or content that would be more suited to somewhere else (such as a directory or social networking website) is not acceptable. See What Wikipedia is not for the relevant policy.

You are welcome to contribute content which complies with our content policies and any applicable notability guidelines. However, please do not simply re-create the page with the same content; it will be deleted again and may be protected from re-creation. You may also wish to read our introduction to editing and guide to writing your first article. If you have any questions, please contact an administrator for assistance. Thank you – Gurch 04:47, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a misunderstanding. Yacht created the original page, but it was moved, and therefore was abandoned. AQu01rius (User  Talk) 04:50, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Talk:List of LGBT-related topics
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Talk:List of LGBT-related topics, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Talk:List of LGBT-related topics fits the criteria for speedy deletion for the following reason: article no longer exists To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Talk:List of LGBT-related topics, please affix the template  to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. --Android Mouse Bot 2 22:20, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Accept what
Accept what, you putting your dick up someones ass.New4325 (talk) 00:51, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Message on User talk:New4325
Hi. I noticed that you left a message at User talk:New4325 and that you don't appear to have been editing for a while.

I just thought that I'd let you know that User:New4325 made personal attacks against LGBT editors and actively removed LGBT content from articles. As a consequence, he was blocked for a week and doesn't appear to have come back after that block ended.

Also, noting your interest in LGBT subjects, I'd like to cordially invite you to join us at WikiProject LGBT studies. --AliceJMarkham (talk) 07:53, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:IEopera.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:IEopera.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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Conflicted licensing on image File:IEopera.jpg
The above noted image or media file appears to have conflicted licensing. As an image cannot be both 'free' and 'unfree', a check of the exact status of this media/image concerned is advised.Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:21, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Better source request for File:China provinces Jiangsu.png
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File source problem with File:Doublylinkedlist.png
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Suspension of admin privileges due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative privileges of users who have been inactive for one year, meaning administrators who have made neither any edits nor any logged actions in over one year. As a result of this discussion, your administrative privileges have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these privileges reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. RL0919 (talk) 22:25, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

Hello I am new in wikipedia and interesting in LGBT related topics too. Recently i added new article called . Its about nice Italian LGBT related film created at 1986. But my article was declined becouse of abcent of external links. To my opinion this is not fair, becouse I mentioned the page from IMD. Please help me to approve this article and make it better. Thanks in advance. The link of article is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Articles_for_creation/The_Flavor_of_Corn  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.70.13.169 (talk) 11:50, 18 February 2012 (UTC)

Notice of change
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(delivered by mabdul 23:53, 3 December 2012 (UTC))

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Chinese region listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Chinese region. Since you had some involvement with the Chinese region redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 01:20, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Avant Browser

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Orphaned non-free image File:Avant Browser screenshot.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Avant Browser screenshot.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Yacht


text:
Kurt Diemberger

Kurt Diemberger (born 16 March 1932) is an Austrian mountaineer and author of several books. He is the only living person who has made the first ascents on two mountains over 8,000 metres: of Broad Peak in 1957 and of Dhaulagiri in 1960. In 2013, he won the Piolet d'Or Lifetime Achievement Award.

Career
Diemberger attended university in Vienna, where he obtained two degrees (MBA 1955, M.Ed 1962). Together with Hermann Buhl, he is one of two mountaineers who have successfully made the first ascents on two mountains over 8,000 metres. In 1957, Diemberger was the last person to see Hermann Buhl alive before he fell through a cornice on Chogolisa. This attempt to climb Chogolisa was illegal and subsequently Diemberger was banned from entering Pakistan for an extended period of time.

Diemberger was one of only two survivors in the 1986 K2 Disaster. On 4 August 1986, Diemberger and Julie Tullis reached the summit of K2 very late in the day. Shortly after starting their descent, Tullis fell and dragged Diemberger down with her. They somehow stopped from going over the edge and spent the night above 8,000 metres. They managed to reach Camp IV the next day, where they were forced to share two tents with six other climbers after their tent had collapsed from hurricane force winds. Tullis died later that night, possibly from high altitude cerebral edema, and only one other climber, Austrian Willi Bauer, survived the descent with Diemberger. Both climbers suffered severe frostbite during the descent and had to have amputations.

In 2013, Diemberger won the 5th Piolet d'Or "Lifetime Achievement Award".

Diemberger is still active in the mountaineering world and works on film projects with his daughter, Hildegard.

Books
Diemberger has written the following books:

 * The Endless Knot : K2, Mountain of Dreams and Destiny, 1991. Translated into English by Audrey Salkeld. ISBN 0-89886-300-7
 * Summits and secrets, 1991. Translated into English by Hugh Merrick, first published 1971. ISBN 0-89886-307-4
 * Spirits of the Air, 1994 ISBN 0-89886-408-9
 * K2 : Challenging the Sky, 1997 ISBN 0-89886-518-2
 * The Kurt Diemberger Omnibus, 1999 ISBN 1-898573-26-3
 * K2. Traum und Schicksal, 2001 (German) ISBN 3-7654-3755-7

title: Kurt Diemberger


text:
Nusch Éluard

Nusch Éluard (born Maria Benz; 21 June 1906 – 28 November 1946) was a French performer, model and surrealist artist.

Born Maria Benz in Mulhouse (then part of the German Empire), she met Swiss architect and artist Max Bill in the Odeon Café in Zürich; he nicknamed her "Nusch", a name she would stick to. Their liaison ended after six months when Max Bill's plan to marry her in order to avoid her pending extradition from Switzerland was vetoed by his father (to whom he owed a substantial amount of money due to medical expenses following an accident which had forced him to leave the Bauhaus).

Paris
Nusch arrived in France as a stage performer, variously described as a small-time actress, a traveling acrobat, and a "hypnotist's stooge". She met Paul Éluard in 1930 working as a model, married him in 1934, produced surrealist photomontage and other work, and is the subject of "Facile," a collection of Éluard's poetry published as a photogravure book, illustrated with Man Ray's nude photographs of her.

She was also the subject of several cubist portraits and sketches by Pablo Picasso in the late 1930s, and is said to have had an affair with him. Nusch worked for the French Resistance during the Nazi occupation of France during World War II. She died in 1946 in Paris due to a stroke.

Photographs and paintings

 * Dora Maar: "Les années vous guettent" The years await you (Nusch Éluard), 1932
 * Man Ray: Nusch Éluard, 1934
 * Man Ray, Paul Éluard: Facile, 1935
 * Man Ray: Nusch Éluard, 1936
 * Man Ray: Sonia Mossé & Nusch Éluard, 1936
 * Man Ray: Lee Miller & Nusch Éluard, 1930s
 * Man Ray: Ady & Nusch Éluard, 1937
 * Man Ray: Ady Fidelin & Nusch Éluard, 1937
 * Man Ray: Adrienne Fidelin & Nusch Éluard, 1937

 * Pablo Picasso: Nusch Éluard, Charcoal & pencil on canvas, 1938

title: Nusch Éluard


text:
Talk:AAIB

Comments
This page redirect to a non-exist page.--Yacht 05:16, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:AAIB


text:
User talk:Alimon

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

snoyes 05:20, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alimon


text:
Talk:Nusch Éluard

Untitled
Well, Picasso painted her portrait. See http://www.appealingart.com/portrait-de-nusch-eluard-by-pablo-picasso.html. But, should this article be at Nusch or at Nusch Eluard? RickK 05:21, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 00:18, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Death
The article on wikipedia in French says she had a stroke and died at her mother-in-law's house, so not "collapsing in the street" as mentioned in this article. Not sure which one is correct. In doubt, I added the template "citation needed". 85.169.195.108 (talk) 23:25, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nusch Éluard


text:
Air Accidents Investigation Branch

The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) investigates civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and crown dependencies. It is also the Space Accident Investigation Authority (SAIA) for the United Kingdom. The AAIB is a branch of the Department for Transport and is based in the grounds of Farnborough Airport, Hampshire.

History
Aviation accident investigation in the United Kingdom started in 1912, when the Royal Aero Club published a report into a fatal accident at Brooklands Aerodrome, Surrey.

The AAIB was established in 1915 as the Accidents Investigation Branch (AIB) of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). Captain G B Cockburn was appointed "Inspector of Accidents" for the RFC, reporting directly to the Director General of Military Aeronautics in the War Office.

After the First World War, the Department of Civil Aviation was set up in the Air Ministry and the AIB became part of that department with a remit to investigate both civil and military aviation accidents.

Following the Second World War a Ministry of Civil Aviation was established and in 1946 the AIB was transferred to it, but continued to assist the Royal Air Force with accident investigations – a situation which has continued ever since.

After working under various parent ministries, including the Department of Trade, the AIB moved to the then Department of Transport in 1983 and in November 1987 its name was changed to the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB). Latterly, the AAIB has become part of the reorganised Department for Transport (DfT) since 2002.

Organization
The AAIB has 64 employees.

These are:
 * Chief Inspector of Air Accidents
 * Deputy Chief Inspector of Air Accidents
 * Six teams of inspectors from all disciplines each led by a principal inspector

AAIB Inspectors fall into one of three categories:

 * Operations inspector – must hold a current Airline Transport Pilot Licence with a valid Class I medical certificate. Able to offer appropriate command experience on fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters. Broad-based knowledge of aviation.
 * Engineering inspector – must hold an engineering degree and/or be a Chartered Engineer with a minimum of five years' post qualifications experience. Knowledge and experience of modern aircraft control systems.
 * Flight recorder inspector – degree level in electronics/electrical engineering or an aeronautical engineering related subject and/or is a chartered member of a relevant engineering institute with eight years' experience since qualifying. Knowledge and experience of modern avionics.

There is also a Head of Administration who is supported by two teams, the Inspector Support Unit (ISU) who provide administrative support to the principal inspectors and their teams and the Information Unit (IU), who are the first port of call for accidents being reported.

AAIB administrative staff are part of the Department for Transport (DfT) and are recruited according to civil service guidelines.

Space Accident Investigation Authority
In 2021, it was announced that the AAIB had been appointed as the Space Accident Investigation Authority for the United Kingdom, in accordance with the Spaceflight Activities (Investigation of Spaceflight Accidents) Regulations 2021. Independent of the UK Space Agency, it will investigate spaceflight accidents that occur in or over the United Kingdom.

Investigations
The AAIB conducts investigations defined under one of two categories; "Accident" or "Serious Incident". An "Accident" occurs where a person suffers a fatal or serious injury, the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which adversely affects its performance, or where the aircraft is missing or inaccessible. A "Serious Incident" means an incident where an accident nearly occurred.

The AAIB is responsible for the investigation of civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the UK and its overseas territories. These are Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Montserrat and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

They are also involved in overseas investigations in other countries when the accident or incident involves a British-registered or British-built aircraft or UK airline, or where their involvement is specifically requested by the investigating host nation.

Head office
The Air Accidents Investigation Branch has its head office in Farnborough House, a building that is a part of a compound within the boundary of Farnborough Airport, located between Aldershot and Farnborough, within the borough of Rushmoor. The approximately 1.75 ha head office site, which houses three large buildings and car park facilities, is in a lightly wooded area south of the main runway of Farnborough Airport. The buildings at the AAIB site include an L-shaped, two-storey flat roof office building and a hangar. The original buildings were from the 1970s. Lana Design supervised the construction of a 4700 sqm two-storey new addition to the main building. It includes offices, acoustic laboratories and a lecture theatre. The addition had a cost of 2.6 million pounds.

The AAIB site is south of the airfield and east of the Puckeridge Ammunition Depot, and it is located near the Basingstoke Canal. Cove Brook, about 150 m south of the AAIB head office, runs from the south to the north. The AAIB head office is accessible from Berkshire Copse Road, which dissects through the length of the AAIB head office site. The Borough of Rushmoor stated that the AAIB complex "requires a secluded" and "secure" location due to "the nature of its operation."

Previously the AAIB head office was in Shell Mex House on the Strand in the City of Westminster, London.

title: Air Accidents Investigation Branch