text:
Himno Istmeño

"Himno Istmeño" ("Isthmian Hymn") is the national anthem of Panama (Himno Nacional de Panamá). The music was composed by Santos A. Jorge, and the lyrics were written by Jeronimo de la Ossa. It is also known by its incipit, "Alcanzamos por fin la victoria" ("At last we reached victory").

The song is directed to the average, working-class Panamanian, with such lyrics as "Ahead the shovel and pick; At work without any more dilation".

History
In 1897, Spanish-born musician Santos Jorge composed the "Himno Istmeño", which was initially a student song but reached levels of popularity among the population. Jorge had composed the official music for the anthem, but it had no lyrics, so he told his friend Jerónimo Ossa to write lyrics for it. However, this song is not the same as the one currently performed, since it underwent some changes. No records are found of how or by whom the changes were made to the original anthem.

Upon independence from Colombia in 1903, William I. Buchanan, the United States' first ambassador and minister plenipotentiary to Panama, was to present credentials to the Provisional Junta of Government, and there was no anthem to perform, as required by usual protocol. Jorge suggested that his anthem be used for such an occasion, which was accepted, since the song was supported by the general public. Jorge asked his friend Jerónimo Ossa to write lyrics, to which he agreed and wrote the lyrics for the Panamanian national anthem.

In 1906, the National Assembly adopted the anthem in accordance with Law 39 and provisionally, since it was decided to hold a contest to choose a new composition. The Panamanian people chose it again. Later, in the 1941 Constitution, an article was included that definitively adopted the National Anthem as a symbol of the nation.

In 2012, the National Anthem was recorded digitally for the first time, since there was no digital version of it. The new recording was made at the National Theatre of Panama with the, the Musica Viva Choir and the Polyphonic Choir of Panama, under the direction of Maestro Jorge Ledezma. It was made available to the general public to be downloaded free of charge.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Himno Istmeño


text:
Star 80

Star 80 is a 1983 American biographical drama film written and directed by Bob Fosse. It was adapted from the Pulitzer Prize-winning Village Voice article "Death of a Playmate" by Teresa Carpenter and is based on Canadian Playboy model Dorothy Stratten, who was murdered by her husband Paul Snider in 1980. The film's title is taken from one of Snider's vanity license plates. The film was Fosse's final film before his death in 1987.

The film stars Mariel Hemingway as Stratten and Eric Roberts as Snider, with Cliff Robertson, Carroll Baker, Roger Rees, Stuart Damon, Josh Mostel, and David Clennon in supporting roles. The film chronicles Stratten's relationship with Snider, their move to Los Angeles, her success as a Playboy model, the dissolution of their relationship, and her murder.

Star 80 was filmed on location in Vancouver and Los Angeles; the death scene was filmed in the same house in which the real murder-suicide took place. The film was released on November 10, 1983. It initially received mixed reviews from critics, but the performances of Hemingway and Roberts received critical acclaim. The film has been reappraised over the years and has been reviewed positively.

Plot
In 1980, Dorothy Stratten lies dead as her husband rants to himself about the events that led up to the present moment. Through a series of flashbacks that are interspersed by the murderer's rants, the story is told. Two years earlier, Stratten was working at a Dairy Queen in her hometown of Vancouver, British Columbia when she met Paul Snider, a brash small-time scam artist and pimp. Snider charms Stratten into taking him to her high-school prom. He woos Stratten with attention and flattery, convincing her to pose nude in Polaroid photographs. He tries to run Dorothy's life, threatens any other man who comes near her and insists on being her personal manager.

Snider uses the nude photographs to persuade a professional to create a portfolio for Stratten. Snider forges the signature of Stratten's mother on a consent form and sends the portfolio to Playboy. The magazine invites Stratten to Los Angeles to pose for a professional photographer.

Playboy founder and publisher Hugh Hefner makes Stratten Playmate of the Month for the August 1979 issue. Hefner provides lodging for Stratten and gives her a job as a bunny at an L.A. Playboy Club. Snider pressures Stratten into marrying him. She begins an acting career with small film and television roles and is made 1980's Playmate of the Year.

Snider purchases a new Mercedes SL with the vanity license plate STAR 80, but feels dejected after losing money on failed business ventures and being eclipsed by Stratten's success. At the Playboy Mansion, Stratten catches the eye of film director Aram Nicholas, who lets her read for a film role. Snider hires a private investigator to follow Stratten and learns that Stratten and Nicholas are sleeping together. Snider buys a shotgun after Stratten insists that she intends to leave him. Against Nicholas's wishes, Stratten meets with Snider to arrange a financial settlement. Snider pleads with Stratten not to leave him, but she says that the marriage is over. Enraged, he rapes and shoots her. As he then turns the gun on himself, the screen turns to black with the gunshot.

Production
The idea for the project began when Bob Fosse's friend Paddy Chayefsky recommended a Pulitzer Prize-winning article about Stratten written by Teresa Carpenter that had appeared in The Village Voice. In May 1981, it was announced that Fosse was developing a screenplay, originally titled ''The Dorothy Stratten Story. '' The film was dedicated to Chayefsky who died shortly after Fosse announced the film.

Mariel Hemingway believed she was ideal for the part and campaigned for it vigorously with letters, telephone messages and visits to Fosse's home. She eventually won the role after four auditions, and her casting was announced in March 1982. Some in the media reported that Hemingway had undergone breast augmentation surgery to secure the part. In the 2020 documentary Skin: A History of Nudity in the Movies, Hemingway admits she did indeed have a breast-enlargement procedure before being cast, but says "I did it for me. I wouldn't have done that because of a movie." Nude photographs of Hemingway posing as Stratten appeared in the January 1984 issue of Playboy magazine.

According to Fosse, he had to persuade Eric Roberts to play the role of Paul Snider, a character whom Roberts considered unlikeable. Early media speculation suggested that Harry Dean Stanton might be cast as Playboy publisher Hugh Hefner, but Cliff Robertson was reported to be researching the role by visiting Hefner's mansion. Hefner disliked his depiction in the film and sued its producers, but the suit was later dismissed. Years later in a 1998 interview, Hefner had let off on some of his dislike of the film, saying that it did not capture Stratten's essence but he did praise Eric Roberts for "an excellent portrayal of the sick man who murdered her". The film was Carroll Baker's first Hollywood production since her 1967 return from Europe. In accordance with the Stratten family's wishes, Stratten's mother never is mentioned by name in the film, and the names of her sister and brother were changed.

Director Peter Bogdanovich, Stratten's boyfriend at the time of her murder, expressed opposition to the project, arguing that Fosse "didn't know the true story." Fosse acknowledged this statement to be true but countered that the film was about Snider. Bogdanovich refused to allow his name to be used in the film and threatened to sue if he found the character of Aram Nicholas to be objectionable. He provided his opinions of the film in his 1984 biography of Stratten The Killing of the Unicorn: Dorothy Stratten, 1960-1980, but he did not pursue legal action.

Preproduction began in Stratten's hometown of Vancouver in January 1982. Sets were created to represent Stratten's bedroom, high-school gymnasium and the Dairy Queen where she had met Snider. After Hefner refused to allow filming at his estate, an unoccupied mansion in Pasadena, California was renovated to resemble Hefner's mansion. After the film's release, Hefner expressed disappointment, describing it as "too shallow." The film's party scenes show actual Playboy models.

Principal photography began on July 6, 1982 in Vancouver and continued for four months, including four weeks in Vancouver and 12 weeks in Los Angeles, and finished three days ahead of schedule.

Star 80 is the second film based on the murder of Stratten, preceded by the 1981 television film Death of a Centerfold: The Dorothy Stratten Story, with Jamie Lee Curtis as Stratten and Bruce Weitz as Snider.

Release and reception
The film opened in 16 theaters in major cities on November 10, 1983, grossing $233,313 on its opening weekend. Warner Bros. planned to release the film to more theaters for the Christmas season and to give it a wide release in time for the next Academy Awards ceremony. Eventually, the film grossed $6,472,990 in the U.S. and was shown at a peak of 502 theaters in early 1984. Star 80 has an 81% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. On Metacritic, it has a score 63%, based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Critical reception to the film was generally mixed, but it was praised for Hemingway's and Roberts's performances. The film has been reappraised over the years and has been reviewed positively. Roberts won the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. Fosse was nominated for the Golden Bear award at the Berlin Film Festival. Star 80 marked Fosse's final film as director before his death in 1987.

The film was screened out of competition at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival. The Washington Post called it "Bob Fosse's latest stylish stinker". Gene Siskel of The Chicago Tribune placed the film on his list of the 10 best films of 1983, but acknowledged that the film was very unpleasant.

Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert awarded the film four out of four stars and deemed it an "important movie". Appearing with Siskel on an October 1986 edition of The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers, Ebert said that Roberts should have been nominated for an Oscar for his work on Star 80. Ebert coined the phrase "Star 80 syndrome" after claiming that Gary Oldman's performance as Sid Vicious in Sid and Nancy was snubbed for the same reason as was Roberts': "Hollywood will not nominate an actor for portraying a creep, no matter how good the performance is."

title: Star 80


text:
Godey's Lady's Book

Godey's Lady's Book, alternatively known as Godey's Magazine and Lady's Book, was an American women's magazine that was published in Philadelphia from 1830 to 1878. It was the most widely circulated magazine in the period before the Civil War. Its circulation rose from 70,000 in the 1840s to 150,000 in 1860. In the 1860s Godey's considered itself the "queen of monthlies". After several changes, it ceased publication in 1896.

Overview
The magazine was published by Louis A. Godey from Philadelphia for 48 years (1830–1878). Godey intended to take advantage of the popularity of gift books, many of which were marketed specifically to women. Each issue contained poetry, articles, and engravings created by prominent writers and other artists of the time. Sarah Josepha Hale (author of "Mary Had a Little Lamb") was its editor from 1837 until 1877 and only published original, American manuscripts. Although the magazine was read and contained work by both men and women, Hale published three special issues that only included work done by women.

When Hale started at Godey's, the magazine had a circulation of ten thousand subscribers. Two years later, it jumped to 40,000 and by 1860 had 150,000 subscribers.

In 1845, Louis Godey began copyrighting each issue of the magazine to prevent other magazine and newspaper editors from infringing their texts. This move, a first in America, was criticized by editors at the Baltimore Saturday Visiter. They called it a "narrowly selfish course" and stated that Godey would "rue it bitterly". The magazine was expensive for the time; subscribers paid $3 per year (for comparison, The Saturday Evening Post was only $2 per year). Even so, it was the most popular journal in its day. Under Hale's editorship, the list of subscribers to Godey's reached 150,000. Hale took advantage of her role and became influential as an arbiter of American taste. She used some of her influence to further several causes for women. For example, she created a regular section with the heading "Employment for Women" beginning in 1852 to discuss women in the workforce.

In general, Godey disliked discussing political issues or controversial topics in his magazine. In the 1850s, he dismissed Sara Jane Lippincott ("Grace Greenwood") as assistant editor for denouncing slavery in the National Era. Lippincott publicly denounced Godey in response and Godey later recanted. Nevertheless, he forbade his journal from taking a position during the American Civil War. In fact, during the war, the magazine made no acknowledgment of it whatsoever and readers looked elsewhere for war-related information. In the process, Godey's lost about one-third of its subscribers.

Godey sold the magazine in 1877 to John Hill Seyes Haulenbeek before his death in 1878. After further changes of ownership, and a name change to "Godey's Magazine" to reflect a broader content, it ceased publication in 1896.

Contents
The magazine is best known for the hand-tinted fashion plate that appeared at the start of each issue, which provide a record of the progression of women's dress. Publisher Louis Godey boasted that in 1859, it cost $105,200 to produce the Lady's Book, with the coloring of the fashion-plates costing $8,000. Beginning in 1853, almost every issue also included an illustration and pattern with measurements for a garment to be sewn at home. A sheet of music for piano provided the latest waltz, polka or galop.

Fashion plates found in Godey's, accompanied by descriptions about what kind of garment and for what it was to be used, caused everyday feminine activities to be depicted in a consumer light. For example, Godey's fashion plates present walking, riding, and even domestic cooking as a chance to participate in fashion and consumer culture (i.e. a woman's walking suit.) “[Godey's] promoted a new clothing calendar, one not divided by seasons or unique events like weddings, but that elevated and transformed quotidian occasions like walking and taking tea into significant opportunities for self-fashioning and performance.”

Edgar Allan Poe had one of his earliest short stories "The Visionary" (later renamed "The Assignation") printed in Godey's in 1834. He also published several other works in the magazine: "A Tale of the Ragged Mountains" (April 1844), "The Oblong Box" (September 1844), "Thou Art the Man" (November 1844), and "The Cask of Amontillado" (1846). Other contributors included Nathaniel Hawthorne, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Washington Irving, James Kirke Paulding, William Gilmore Simms, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Frances Hodgson Burnett.

Influence
Magazine editor Sarah Hale used her role to influence various causes. She used the magazine, for example, to advocate the education of women. Some of her articles focused on writing techniques and offered reading lists similar to those offered to college students. She wrote about schools that accepted women as students and praised Vassar College, which opened in 1865, and personally assisted in funding it. She believed that women's education should be similar to that of men and advocated that more professions be open to women, including medicine.

Hale also used her editorial space and influence to advocate for the establishment of a national Thanksgiving holiday. Hale presented a series of appealing articles in her magazine, featuring descriptions of food and recipes now considered 'typical' of Thanksgiving, such as roasted turkeys, savory stuffing, and pumpkin pies. In 1858 Hale petitioned the president of the United States, James Buchanan, to declare Thanksgiving a national holiday.

She held up Queen Victoria as a role model of feminity, morality and intellect, and Godey's hired Lydia Sigourney to report on the royal activities in London. The tradition of a white wedding is commonly credited to Queen Victoria's choice to wear a white wedding dress at her wedding to Prince Albert in 1840. With American women following styles or dress set by the young Queen, less than a decade after her wedding Godey’s incorrectly claimed that a white wedding gown had been a long-standing tradition representing female virginity, writing: “Custom has decided, from the earliest ages, that white is the most fitting hue, whatever may be the material. It is an emblem of the purity and innocence of girlhood, and the unsullied heart she now yields to the chosen one.”  However, custom previous to Victoria's wedding ceremony had been to wear colorful gowns.

A woodcut of the British Royal family with their tree at Windsor Castle was copied in Godey's at Christmas 1850. The engraving was based on an earlier image of Queen Victoria and her decorated Christmas tree previously published in The Illustrated London News in December 1848. The Godey's version removed Victoria's tiara and Prince Albert's mustache altering their faces to remake the engraving into an American scene. It was the first widely circulated picture of a decorated evergreen Christmas tree in America, and art historian Karal Ann Marling called it "the first influential American Christmas tree". Folk-culture historian Alfred Shoemaker summed up that "in all of America there was no more important medium in spreading the Christmas tree in the decade 1850–60 than Godey's Lady's Book". The image was reprinted in 1860 and, by the 1870s, erecting a Christmas tree had become common in the United States home.

title: Godey's Lady's Book


text:
Eduard Buchner

Eduard Buchner (20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation.

Early years
Buchner was born in Munich to a physician and Doctor Extraordinary of Forensic Medicine. His older brother was the bacteriologist Hans Ernst August Buchner. In 1884, he began studies of chemistry with Adolf von Baeyer and of botany with Carl Nägeli, at the Botanic Institute in Munich. After a period working with Otto Fischer (cousin of Emil Fischer ) at the University of Erlangen, Buchner was awarded a doctorate from the University of Munich in 1888 under Theodor Curtius.

Academics
Buchner was appointed assistant lecturer in the organic laboratory of Adolf von Baeyer in 1889 at the University of Munich. In 1891, he was promoted to lecturer at the same university.

In the autumn of 1893, Buchner moved to University of Kiel and appointed professor in 1895. In the next year he was appointed Professor Extraordinary for Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the chemical laboratory of H. von Pechmann at the University of Tübingen.

In October, 1898, he was appointed to the Chair of General Chemistry in the Agricultural University of Berlin, fully training his assistants by himself, and received his rehabilitation in 1900.

In 1909, he was transferred to the University of Breslau (reorganised to be University of Wrocław in 1945 ), and in 1911, he moved to University of Würzburg.

The Nobel Prize
Buchner received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907. The experiment for which Buchner won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell-free extract of yeast cells and showing that this "press juice" could ferment sugar. This dealt yet another blow to vitalism by showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not needed for fermentation. The cell-free extract was produced by combining dry yeast cells, quartz and kieselguhr and then pulverizing the yeast cells with a pestle and mortar. This mixture would then become moist as the yeast cells' contents would come out of the cells. Once this step was done, the moist mixture would be put through a press and the resulting "press juice" had glucose, fructose, or maltose added and carbon dioxide was seen to evolve, sometimes for days. Microscopic investigation revealed no living yeast cells in the extract. Buchner hypothesized that yeast cells secrete proteins into their environment in order to ferment sugars, but it was later found that fermentation occurs inside the yeast cells. Maria Manasseina claimed to have discovered free-cell fermentation a generation earlier than Buchner, but Buchner and Rapp considered that she was subjectively convinced of the existence of an enzyme of fermentation, and that her experimental evidence was unconvincing.

Personal life
Buchner married Lotte Stahl in 1900. At the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered in the Imperial German Army and rose to the rank of Major, commanding a munition-transport unit on the Western and then Eastern Front. In March 1916, he returned the University of Würzburg. In April 1917, he volunteered again. On 11 August 1917, while stationed at Focșani, Romania, he was hit by a shell fragment in the left thigh and died in a field hospital two days later. He died in the Battle of Mărășești and is buried in the cemetery of German soldiers in Focșani.

Though it is believed by some that the Büchner flask and the Büchner funnel are named for him, they are actually named for the industrial chemist Ernst Büchner.

title: Eduard Buchner


text:
Richard Ingrams

Richard Reid Ingrams (born 19 August 1937) is an English journalist, a co-founder and second editor of the British satirical magazine Private Eye, and founding editor of The Oldie magazine. He left the latter job at the end of May 2014.

Early life and education
Ingrams's parents, who had three other sons including the banker and opera impresario Leonard Ingrams, were Leonard St Clair Ingrams (1900–1953) an investment banker from a clergy family who worked as a government official in propaganda, economic warfare and the secret services during World War II, and Victoria, the daughter of Sir James Reid, private physician to Queen Victoria. Through his maternal grandmother and her ties to the Baring family, Ingrams is a direct descendant of the 19th-century prime minister Charles Grey.

Ingrams was educated at the independent preparatory school West Downs in Winchester, Hampshire, followed by Shrewsbury School, where he met Willie Rushton and edited the school magazine. Before attending Oxford, he did his National Service in the army ranks after failing his interview for officer training, something which was unusual for someone from his background at the time. At University College, Oxford, where he read Classics, he shared tutorials with Robin Butler, later cabinet secretary and sometimes referred to as a "pillar of the Establishment". More importantly, he met Paul Foot, another former Shrewsbury pupil not yet the left-wing radical he became, who was to be a lifelong friend and whose biography Ingrams wrote after Foot's death.

Career
Along with several other Old Salopians, including Willie Rushton, Ingrams founded Private Eye in 1962, taking over the editorship from Christopher Booker in 1963. It was a classic case, he claimed on Desert Island Discs in 2008, of the "old boy network". Private Eye was part of the satire boom of the early 1960s, which included the television show That Was The Week That Was, for which Ingrams wrote, and The Establishment nightclub, run by Peter Cook. When Private Eye ran into financial problems Cook was able to gain a majority shareholding on the proceeds of his brief but financially successful venture.

Ingrams vacated the editor's chair at the Eye in 1986, when Ian Hislop took over. In 1992 Ingrams created and became editor of The Oldie, a now monthly humorous lifestyle and issues magazine mainly aimed at the older generation. As of 2005 he was still chairman of Private Eye, working there every Monday, spending four days a week in London.

He was television critic for The Spectator from 1976 to 1984, though he rarely showed much enthusiasm for the medium. He was a regular on the radio panel quiz The News Quiz for its first twenty years and contributed a column to The Observer for eighteen years. In late 2005 he moved to The Independent, considering The Observer to have gone downhill, particularly as a consequence of its support for the Iraq war. In his 27 August 2011 column, he announced that he had been sacked by the newly appointed editor of The Independent. Shortly after the death of Jimmy Savile, Ingrams' The Oldie was the first publication to break the story of Savile's history of child abuse, after several national newspapers had been unwilling to print it.

After a series of clashes with James Pembroke, owner and publisher of The Oldie, Ingrams left the magazine at the end of May 2014 having resigned as editor. His most recent book is a biography of Ludovic Kennedy.

Personal life
Ingrams married Mary Morgan on 24 November 1962; they had three children: a son, Fred, who is an artist; a second son, Arthur, who was disabled and died in childhood; and a daughter, Margaret ("Jubby") a mother of three who died in 2004, aged 39, of a heroin overdose in Brighton.

Ingrams played the organ for many years in his local Anglican church in Aldworth, Berkshire, each Sunday. The Romney Marsh Historic Churches Trust was formed under the patronage of Ingrams and the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. In 2011 he announced he had converted to Roman Catholicism.

Ingrams currently lives in Berkshire with his wife (who is also his god-daughter) Sara, a medical researcher. Before they married in 2011 he had a "long-term partner, Debbie Bosley, a waitress-turned novelist 27 years his junior".

His sister-in-law (wife of his late brother Rupert, a publisher) was Davina Ingrams, 18th Baroness Darcy de Knayth; his nephew Caspar is the present baron.

A biography, Richard Ingrams: Lord of the Gnomes (ISBN 0-434-77828-1) by Harry Thompson, was published in 1994.

As author

 * Mrs Wilson's Diary (with John Wells) 1965
 * Mrs Wilson's Second Diary (with John Wells) 1966
 * Mrs Wilson's Diaries (with John Wells) 1967
 * The Tale of Driver Grope (with Ralph Steadman) 1969
 * The Bible for Motorists: By Old Jowett (with Barry Fantoni) 1970
 * Harris in Wonderland: By Philip Reid (pseudonym of Ingrams and Andrew Osmond) 1973
 * God's Apology: A Chronicle of Three Friends 1977
 * Goldenballs 1979
 * Dear Bill: The Collected Letters of Denis Thatcher (with John Wells) 1980
 * Romney Marsh and the Royal Military Canal (with Fay Godwin) 1980
 * The Other Half: Further Letters of Denis Thatcher (with John Wells) 1981
 * One for the Road (with John Wells) 1982
 * Piper's Places: John Piper in England & Wales (with John Piper) 1983
 * My Round! (with John Wells) 1983
 * Bottoms Up! (with John Wells) 1984
 * Down the Hatch! (with John Wells) 1985
 * John Stewart Collis: A Memoir 1986
 * Just the One (with John Wells) 1986
 * The Best of "Dear Bill" (with John Wells) 1986
 * Mud in Your Eye! (with John Wells) 1987
 * You Might as Well be Dead 1988
 * Still Going Strong (with John Wells) 1988
 * The Ridgeway: Europe's Oldest Road 1988
 * Number 10 (with John Wells) 1989
 * On and On (with John Wells) 1990
 * Muggeridge: The Biography 1995
 * My Friend Footy: A Memoir of Paul Foot 2005
 * The Life and Adventures of William Cobbett 2005
 * Quips and Quotes: A Journalist's Commonplace Book 2011
 * Ludo and the Power of the Book: Ludovic Kennedy's Campaigns for Justice 2017
 * The Sins of G. K. Chesterton 2021

As compiler and editor

 * What the Papers Never Meant to Say: "Private Eye's" Second Book of Boobs 1968
 * The Life and Times of Private Eye 1961–1971 1971
 * Beachcomber: The Works of J. B. Morton 1974
 * Cobbett's Country Book: An Anthology of William Cobbett's Writings on Country Matters 1974
 * "Private Eye's" Book of Pseuds: A Mood Statement 1975
 * "Private Eye's" Second Book of Pseuds 1977
 * The Penguin Book of Private Eye Cartoons 1983
 * Dr Johnson by Mrs Thrale: The "Anecdotes" of Mrs Piozzi in Their Original Form 1984
 * England: An Anthology 1989
 * The Bumper Beachcomber 1991
 * The Oldie Book of Cartoons 1996
 * More Cartoons 1996
 * I Once Met: Fifty Encounters with the Famous 1996
 * Jesus: Authors Take Sides: An Anthology 1999
 * The Oldie Book of Cartoons, 1992–2009 2009
 * The Oldie Book of Cartoons: A New Selection 2013

title: Richard Ingrams


text:
Helms–Burton Act

The Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996 (Helms–Burton Act),, , ) is a United States federal law which strengthens and continues the United States embargo against Cuba. It extended the territorial application of the initial embargo to apply to foreign companies trading with Cuba, and penalized foreign companies allegedly "trafficking" in property formerly owned by U.S. citizens but confiscated by Cuba after the Cuban revolution. It also covers property formerly owned by Cubans who have since become U.S. citizens.

The Act is named for its original sponsors, Senator Jesse Helms, Republican of North Carolina, and Representative Dan Burton, Republican of Indiana.

It was passed by the 104th United States Congress on March 6, 1996, and enacted into law by the 42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, on March 12, 1996. The bill, which had been tabled in late 1995 after Senator Helms was unable to overcome several Democratic filibusters, was reintroduced prompted by an episode a month earlier. On February 24, 1996, Cuban fighter jets shot down two private planes. Whether they were shot down over Cuban territory or international airspace is a matter of debate.

Content
This law includes a wide variety of provisions intended to bring about "a peaceful transition to a representative democracy and market economy in Cuba":
 * International Sanctions against the Cuban Government. Economic embargo, any non-U.S. company that deals economically with Cuba can be subjected to legal action and that company's leadership can be barred from entry into the United States. Sanctions may be applied to non-U.S. companies trading with Cuba. This means that internationally operating companies have to choose between Cuba and the U.S., which is a much larger market.
 * United States opposition against Cuban membership in International Financial Institutions.
 * Television broadcasting from the United States to Cuba.
 * Authorization of United States support for "democratic and human rights groups" and international observers.
 * Declares United States policy towards a "transition government" and a "democratically elected government" in Cuba.
 * Protection of property rights of certain United States nationals.
 * Exclusion of certain aliens from the United States, primarily senior officials or major stock holders, and their families, of companies that do business in Cuba on property expropriated from American citizens. To date, executives from Italy, Mexico, Canada, Israel, and the United Kingdom have been barred.
 * Provides power to the Legislative Branch to override an Executive Branch cancellation of the embargo, although such a legislative veto had been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court 13 years earlier. Unlike in that case though, which concerned a review only by the House of Representatives, the Helms–Burton Act (sec. 204(e)) subjects the President's decision to a review by joint resolution of both chambers of Congress.
 * Prohibits the completion of the Juragua Nuclear Power Plant.
 * Prompts for the retirement of former Soviet Union personnel out of Cuban military and intelligence facilities, including the military and intelligence facilities at Lourdes and Cienfuegos.
 * Prohibits recognition of a transitional government in Cuba that includes Fidel or Raúl Castro.
 * Prohibits recognition of a Cuban government that has not provided compensation for U.S. certified claims against confiscated property, defined as non-residential property with an excess of $50,000 value in 1959.
 * Prompts for extradition or otherwise rendition to the United States of all persons sought by the United States Department of Justice for crimes committed in the United States.

Summary
Title I strengthened sanctions against the current Cuban Government. Among many other provisions, it codified the U.S. embargo on trade and financial transactions which had been in effect pursuant to a Presidential proclamation since the Kennedy Administration.

Title II describes U.S. policy toward and assistance to a free and independent Cuba. It required the President to produce a plan for providing economic assistance to a transition or democratic government in Cuba. (The President delivered the plan to Congress in January 1997.)

Title III creates a private cause of action and authorizes U.S. nationals with claims to confiscated property in Cuba to file suit in U.S. courts against persons that may be "trafficking" in that property. The filing fee for the Title III action is set by US Courts at $6,458 (from December 2016), a level that would discourage all but serious claims. The Act grants the President the authority to suspend the lawsuit provisions for periods of up to 6 months if it is necessary to the national interest of the United States and will expedite a transition to democracy in Cuba. Successive presidents have exercised this authority, most recently in June 2018, pursuant to a non-binding declaration of intention in April 1997 that came out of a trade dispute with the European Union. In 2019 President Trump allowed the suspension to expire, and Carnival Cruise was promptly sued under the act.

Title IV requires the denial of visas to and exclusion from the U.S. of persons who, after March 12, 1996, confiscate or "traffic" in confiscated property in Cuba claimed by U.S. nationals. The objective of this provision is to protect the status of confiscated U.S. property and to support existing sanctions against the current regime. The State Department reviews a broad range of economic activity in Cuba to determine the applicability of Title IV. The results of this effort appear not only in the actual determinations of "trafficking," but also in the deterrent to investment in confiscated U.S. property and in the exacerbation of the uncertainty of investing in Cuba.

Legislative history

 * October 19, 1995: Passed Senate, 74–24.
 * March 6, 1996: Passed House, 336–86.
 * March 12, 1996: Signed by President Bill Clinton.

Reactions
The Helms–Burton Act was condemned by the Council of Europe, the European Union, Britain, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and other U.S. allies that enjoy normal trade relations with Cuba. The governments argued that the law ran counter to the spirit of international law and sovereignty.

After a complaint by the European Union with the World Trade Organization, a dispute settlement panel was established. Later, the work of the panel was suspended to find a solution through negotiations. After a year, the panel lost its jurisdiction over the matter, and the EU did not pursue the matter any further before the WTO.

The law has also been condemned by humanitarian groups because these groups argue that sanctions against an entire country will affect only the innocent population.

The law provides for compensation of only the largest of claims for confiscated property, primarily only the claims of large multinational companies (valued at roughly $6 billion). It fails to provide for the claims of individuals of the exiled Cuban-American community whose personal residences were confiscated.

The European Union introduced a Council Regulation (No 2271/96) (law binding all member states) declaring the extraterritorial provisions of the Helms–Burton Act to be unenforceable within the EU, and permitting recovery of any damages imposed under it. The EU law also applied sanctions against US companies and their executives for making Title III complaints.

The United Kingdom had previously introduced provisions by statutory instrument extending its Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 (originally passed in the wake of extraterritorial claims by the U.S. in the 1970s) to United States rules on trade with Cuba. United Kingdom law was later extended to counter-act the Helms–Burton Act as well. This included criminal sanctions for complying with extraterritorial provisions of the Helms–Burton Act whilst in the UK.

Mexico passed the Law of Protection of Commerce and Investments from Foreign Policies that Contravene International Law in October 1996, aimed at neutralizing the Helms–Burton Act. The law provides for a fine of 2.2 million pesos, or $280,254, against anyone who while in Mexican territory obeys another country's laws aimed at reducing Mexican trade or foreign investment in a third country. This law was used against the Sheraton Maria Isabel Hotel and Towers in Mexico City, which had expelled a group of Cuban officials upon pressure from the United States government and confiscated their funds.

Similarly, Canada passed the "An Act to amend the Foreign Extraterritorial Measures Act" (C-54), a law to counteract the effect of Helms–Burton. In addition, its legislature proposed (but did not pass) the tongue-in-cheek Godfrey–Milliken Bill, so named in the American style, that mirrored Helms–Burton, replacing the Cuban revolution with the American revolution. Sponsored by Loyalist descendants, it demanded recompense for United Empire Loyalists and proposed travel restrictions on those trafficking in property confiscated during the American Revolution. One of its sponsors, MP Peter Milliken, went on to serve as Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons.

Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump all signed a waiver of parts of the law.

Effective May 10, 1999, with CFR Title 31 Part 515, the act was amended. In 2000, the law was further amended with the passage of the Trade Sanction Reform and Export Enhancement Act, which allowed the export of US agriculture and medical goods to Cuba so long as certain conditions were met.

title: Helms–Burton Act


text:
Greg Moore (racing driver)

Gregory William Moore (April 22, 1975 – October 31, 1999) was a Canadian professional race car driver who competed in the Indy Lights and Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) series from 1993 to 1999. He began competitive karting at the age of ten and achieved early success, before progressing to open-wheel car racing in the Canadian Formula Ford Championship in 1991. Moore won the 1992 USAC FF2000 Western Division Championship and the 1995 Indy Lights Championship.

He began competing in CART with Forsythe Racing in 1996, finishing ninth in the drivers' championship and was second to Alex Zanardi in the Rookie of the Year standings. The following year, Moore claimed the first two victories of his career to finish seventh in the points' standings. He improved on his performance to place fifth overall with a further two wins in 1998. In 1999, he took another win as his form lowered and fell to tenth. At the season-ending Marlboro 500 at California Speedway, Moore was killed in a violent airborne collision with a concrete barrier on the race's tenth lap. He was the second driver to be killed in CART competition in 1999 after Gonzalo Rodríguez three races earlier at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. It was scheduled to be Moore's final race for Forsythe Racing before moving to Team Penske in 2000.

Overall Moore competed in 72 CART races, winning five and achieving 17 podium finishes. He was a popular figure known as an oval track specialist. Moore's car number 99 was retired from the list of those available to drivers competing in CART and its support series as a mark of respect. Since his death, the Greg Moore Foundation was established in his honour to continue his legacy through charitable causes. Three establishments in British Columbia have been named after the driver. Moore was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame and BC Sports Hall of Fame in 2000.

Early life
Gregory William Moore was born in New Westminster in the Canadian province of British Columbia on April 22, 1975. His father, Ric, owned a Chrysler dealership in Maple Ridge, a city close to Vancouver, and raced Can-Am cars at the club level, at tracks such as Westwood Motorsport Park. He divorced his wife Donna when Moore was five years old and the boy lived with his mother until the start of his karting career. He had two siblings: a brother and a sister. Moore was first educated at Meadowridge School. He was transferred to Pitt Meadows Secondary School for the final two years of his education, where he graduated with honours in 1993.

He often climbed into his father's race car and pretended to race by gripping the steering wheel. That encouraged his interest in auto racing, and his father gave him a go-kart at the age of six. Moore drove the go-kart with a minivan's plastic bodywork around it in the parking lot of his father's dealership. He developed vehicular control on dry slick tyres on a wet track. He began competitive go-kart racing at the age of ten, and joined the Westwood Karting Club soon after. It was there Moore was issued with his car number 99 because he was the club's 99th member; he used it throughout his career. His father acted as his manager, tutor and financier and adopted a "no-nonsense" approach to his career.

While he had an inclination towards racing, he also played ice hockey. From the age of ten, Moore was a goalie, and began to drive go-karts in 1986. He was twice named Maple Ridge Athlete of the Year and he won the British Columbia Hockey Provincial Championship. Moore played on the same minor ice hockey team as future professional player Paul Kariya. When he was 14, his father urged him to choose between ice hockey and racing if he wanted to further develop in sports. Moore ultimately decided to focus on racing. His sporting idols were ice hockey player Wayne Gretzky and three-time Formula One World Champion Ayrton Senna.

Junior career
In 1989 and 1990, Moore won the North American Enduro Kart Racing Championship. His father wanted to know whether his son's achievements were down to his driving abilities or the equipment. He took Moore to the Spenard-David Racing School in Shannonville, Ontario, in August 1990, where racer David Empringham instructed him. He won a race over 40 drivers. Track owner Richard Spenard was impressed by Moore's ability and invited him to return later that year to partake in a "Top Gun" series. He got a special waiver to enter the school, and won against almost 800 fellow drivers at the conclusion of the school's three-day run-offs. Moore learnt how to select a lower gear, where to locate the apex of a corner, and how to avoid an accident.

He made the decision to progress to car racing in 1991, and was assigned Steve Challis as his race engineer and adviser. Moore competed in the eight-round Canadian Formula Ford Championship in a Van Diemen RF91-Ford; his father purchased the car from England and competed against drivers double his age. He won the Shannonville Motorsport Park round, and took a further four top-ten results to finish fourth in the final points' standings with 120 accrued. He was named the series' Rookie of the Year. Moore moved to the higher-tier USAC FF2000 Western Division Championship in 1992 after plans to enter the Canadian F2000 Championship fell through when that series folded. He took four pole positions and four victories en route to taking the championship at the season's final round at Willow Springs. Moore was voted Rookie of the Year at this tier after advancing at the start of the season, and was inducted into the series' Hall of Fame in 1999 as a 1992 graduate. For winning the title, he drove a Formula Atlantic car in California and tested for Van Diemen at Snetterton Circuit in England.

During the off-season, he was employed in the service department of a dealership in Duncan, British Columbia. For 1993, his family believed a progression to Formula Atlantic would help his career develop. The series' sanctioning body, the Sports Car Club of America, refused to grant Moore a racing licence because he was under the age of 18 at the time. Moore's father talked to the president and CEO of Indy Lights Roger Bailey in Vancouver, who agreed to grant Moore a provisional racing licence for the 1993 season's first two rounds at Phoenix International Raceway and Long Beach. Because he was 17, he was obliged to remain in his car in the pit lane until he was towed into the paddock, and was then allowed to vacate. Around this time, Moore asked permission from Brian Stewart, owner of Brian Stewart Racing, to retain race number 99 after it was assigned to Stewart's team for the 1992 season. He sought to win Rookie of the Year and finish in the top five in points. In twelve races, Moore took seven top-ten finishes, with a best result of third at Portland International Raceway, and placed ninth in the points' standings with 64 points. He was one of the fastest drivers on oval tracks but was slower on road and street circuits.

Before the 1994 season, Moore did a conditioning program to lose weight and improve his stamina, and his car was rebuilt following analysis. His team had a small budget of US$380,000 and the family home and dealership was mortgaged to allow Moore to continue racing. Their financial situation forced him to drive conservatively to preserve tires three times longer than other drivers, and not strain mechanical parts, since his family lacked the capital to purchase additional equipment. Nevertheless, in the season's opening round at Phoenix, Moore surpassed Paul Tracy's record as the youngest Indy Lights pole position starter at age 18, and became the youngest driver in history to win a Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART)-sanctioned event. He won two more races (at New Hampshire Motor Speedway and Nazareth Speedway) to finish the championship with 154 points and take third in the drivers' standings. In November 1994, Moore undertook a two-day test session with Penske Racing's CART team on a test-specific road course at Nazareth Speedway.

His reputation and recognition of his ability (and lobbying by his father) attracted the attention of Forsythe Racing owner Gerald Forsythe, who sought a Canadian driver for his Indy Lights team in 1995. Forsythe was willing to relieve Moore's financial burdens that had built up when a sponsorship agreement fell through in mid-1994 and had seen his father take out mortgages by incorporating his son into the team, and signing Moore to a five-year contract. Three of Moore's mechanics transferred from his family's team to Forsythe Racing. While his father remained his manager, he did not join the organization as an employee. Driving a Lola T93/20-Buick 3800 V6, he dominated the championship, winning ten of twelve races. He broke the record for consecutive wins at the season's start with the first five races and the most victories in an Indy Lights season, both held by Paul Tracy from the 1990 championship (nine out of fourteen). Moore led a total of 375 out of 583 laps over all twelve races, covering 847.799 mi en route to winning the drivers' championship with a record 242 points scored.

1996: Debut season
After testing for Forsythe Racing at Phoenix International Raceway in September 1995, the team's primary sponsor, Player's, confirmed on October 19 Moore would replace the outgoing Jacques Villeneuve for the 1996 season. He spent 30 days testing for the team in the United States, and underwent a conditioning program to prepare himself physically with the 750 hp turbocharged No. 99 Reynard 96I Mercedes-Benz IC108 V8t for the 200 mi to 500 mi races. Fellow drivers did not give him much advice so Moore observed them. He debuted at the season-opening Grand Prix of Miami at the Homestead–Miami Speedway. Starting in sixth he finished in seventh, after incurring a stop-and-go penalty for an illegal overtake on Juan Manuel Fangio II under yellow flag conditions, and unlapped himself from the race winner, Jimmy Vasser. Two races later, Moore had the first podium of his career (third place) at Surfers Paradise Street Circuit. He bettered that result with a second-place finish at Nazareth Speedway two rounds after that. Although Forsythe Racing had sub-par equipment, he regularly challenged for victories and claimed three podium finishes. Moore finished his rookie season ninth in the drivers' standings with 84 points, and was second to Alex Zanardi in the Rookie of the Year standings.

1997: First two victories
For the 1997 CART World Series, Moore drove a 1996 Reynard vehicle after trials of a Lola car in pre-season testing at Homestead–Miami Speedway reduced Forsythe Racing's performance. He began the season with three top-four finishes—including second-places at Surfers Paradise and Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet—in the first six races. At the season's seventh race, the Miller Genuine Draft 200 at the Milwaukee Mile, Moore ran the final 92 laps without making a pit stop. He held off Michael Andretti to take his first career victory becoming—at the age of 22 years, 1 month and 10 days—the youngest driver to win a CART race. A week later, he won the ITT Automotive Detroit Grand Prix at The Raceway on Belle Isle after PacWest Racing teammates Maurício Gugelmin and Mark Blundell ran out of fuel on the final lap. Thereafter Moore, who was considered a contender for the championship, achieved two top-five finishes at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course and Portland International Raceway as mechanical attrition and accidents hindered him. He was seventh in the points standings with 111.

1998: Fifth place in points
For the 1998 season, he drove a Reynard car with a lighter and smaller Mercedes-Benz engine, and built up his endurance for races in training. The season-opening Grand Prix of Miami saw Moore start from pole position for the first time in his career, becoming—at the age of 22 years, 10 months and 18 days—the youngest pole position starter in CART history. He finished the race in second position after an air jack fault during a pit stop dropped him down the order and he gained track position. Nevertheless, Moore continued driving well, taking another three top-ten finishes in the next three races becoming the drivers' championship leader. At the Rio 400, he took his third career victory for an increased points' lead with a pass on Zanardi with five laps to go. Moore took two more pole positions at Gateway International Raceway and The Raceway on Belle Isle, and his second win of 1998 at the U.S. 500 at Michigan International Speedway and the Vanderbilt Cup after a duel between the Chip Ganassi Racing duo of Zanardi and Jimmy Vasser in the final five laps. The rest of his season included five consecutive retirements, and a fourth career pole position at the Grand Prix of Houston, despite his engine lacking traction on road courses. At the season-ending Marlboro 500 at California Speedway, Moore finished second after Vasser passed him before the last lap. He placed fifth in the drivers' standings with 141 points, and his performance throughout the season established him as one of CART's top drivers.

1999: Final season
Entering the 1999 season, CART's fanbase and the media considered Moore a favourite to win the title. He spent much of the pre-season testing on road and street courses, telling the New York Daily News his objective for the season was to win as many races as possible and claim the drivers' championship. He led 96 laps in his fifth career win at the season-opening round, the Grand Prix of Miami, from the pole position. Moore said afterward he learned from Alex Zanardi to accept finishing a race without a victory as part of maturing as a driver. He finished in the top ten four more times over the next six races, losing the lead in the points standings after a 12th-place finish at the season's fourth round, the Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix at Nazareth Speedway. Moore's qualifying performance diminished thereafter, as he fell further in the drivers' championship. He took three additional finishes within the top four in the season's final eleven races, as he drove an under-powered, unreliable car fitted with a Mercedes-Benz engine. He concluded the season tenth with 97 points in the drivers' championship.

Contract negotiations for the 2000 season
With his five-year contract with Forsythe Racing ending after the 1999 season, Moore began negotiations with several CART teams and other auto racing series. He admitted to being interested in NASCAR, and established friendships with drivers such as Jeff Burton, and discussed competing in stock cars with Bobby Labonte. Moore told USA Today: "I think your career can be longer over there. You can be older and still be competitive because of the way the cars are. It's not as physically demanding. It's more a thinking-man's kind of thing." He discussed driving for Cal Wells' PPI Motorsports team, and with Andy Petree Racing. Moore entered into discussions with Forsythe Racing on June 30. Team owner Gerald Forsythe made him an offer that was rejected because of monetary limitations. In August 1999, Moore signed a $10 million three-year contract to replace Al Unser Jr. at Penske's CART team from 2000 onward alongside Gil De Ferran. According to CART driver Tony Kanaan, Moore planned to spend three to four more years in CART, before entering NASCAR.

Other racing ventures
Frank Williams, the founder and principal of the Williams Formula One team, asked about Moore's services as a test driver, but was told he was under contract to Forsythe Racing. Moore was asked by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to fill in for commentator Jackie Stewart for its broadcast of the 1997 Canadian Grand Prix. Formula One officials forbade it because he was a CART driver.

In late 1997, he drove for AMG-Mercedes in the FIA GT Championship at the season's final two rounds, the Sebring 3 Hours and the Laguna Seca 3 Hours, sharing the No. 12 Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR with Alexander Wurz in the GT1 category. Their car finished in seventh place in both races. Moore was one of twelve drivers invited to compete in the four-race International Race of Champions (IROC) stock car racing series in 1999. Driving a Pontiac Firebird, he finished 12th (and last) in the points' standings with three top-ten finishes and earned 25 points.

Death
The Marlboro 500 at California Speedway on October 31 was the final race of the 1999 season, and was scheduled to be Moore's last race with Forsythe Racing before moving to Penske in 2000. On the morning of the day before the race, he was knocked off his motor scooter by a paddock vehicle in the hospitality area because its driver was blinded by the rising sun. Moore suffered a deep laceration to his right hand that required fifteen stitches, bruising to his right hip, and a fractured index finger on his right hand. Uncertain whether Moore would participate, Forsythe Racing employed Roberto Moreno as an emergency reserve driver in the event doctors deemed Moore unfit to race. After a six-lap on-track test session, which he was judged to have run at a sufficient pace later that day, and two medical consultations with Steve Olvey, CART's director of medical affairs, he was permitted to drive in a protective hand brace and use a modified steering wheel. Officials required him to start at the back of the grid because he missed qualifying.

Following an early race rolling restart for a fourth-lap accident for Richie Hearn that entailed five slow laps behind the pace car to allow for Hearn's car to be cleared, on lap 10, Moore was 15th when he lost control of his car midway through turn two, possibly due to losing the slipstream of a car ahead of him. He attempted to regain control but left skid marks on the track as he spun almost 500 ft down the circuit, and into the infield grass at more than 220 mph. Moore hit an access road lower than the damp grass he had gone across earlier, went sideways into the air for about 30 ft,  barrel rolled and slammed into an immovable infield concrete barrier lacking a tire wall to absorb the impact at unabated speed at a 90-degree angle. The impact, registered at 154 g0 by the vehicle's black box, split the car in two, scattered a plethora of debris as the open-cockpit compartment seating the driver disintegrated. Moore's helmet struck the ground multiple times before the car rested upside down after spinning four times. He was extricated from it and administered cardiopulmonary resuscitation by circuit medics before being transported by helicopter to Loma Linda University Medical Center. Moore was pronounced dead at 13:21 Pacific Standard Time (UTC−08:00) with severe head and internal injuries. He was the second driver to die from injuries sustained in a crash during a CART race that season: Gonzalo Rodríguez died in a practice accident at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca three races earlier.

At the pronouncement of Moore's death, chief steward Wally Dallenbach Sr. ordered all track flags to be lowered to half staff and no post-race celebrations occurred. The other drivers were not informed of the situation until the event's conclusion. At the request of Moore's father, the CART end-of-season awards banquet at The Century Plaza Hotel continued as scheduled the following night; its format was changed to include a 15-minute tribute to Moore and Rodríguez. Makeshift memorials were built at Pitt Meadows Secondary School and his father's car dealership. The Canadian Motor Sports Hall of Fame had a book of condolence for fans to sign for later delivery to the Moore family. He was cremated on November 2. A private memorial service was held at St. Andrew's-Wesley United Church in downtown Vancouver, attended by 1,200 family members and close friends on the following day. On November 4, a second public memorial service took place at Maple Ridge Baptist Church in Moore's home town of Maple Ridge attended by 1,500 mourners.

CART impounded what was left of Moore's car for an investigation into the cause of the accident, and would review footage of the event. On December 20, CART stated its investigation of Moore's crash found there was no single cause for it. CART engineers obtained and analyzed a plethora of data from equipment installed in Moore's car, discovering he began losing vehicular control halfway in turn two but not why it went airborne on the asphalt access road. Tim Mayer, CART's vice-president of racing operations, commented, "I think the answers we know show that there isn't a clear-cut answer, but he was reacting to a situation that started in the middle of Turn Two, and there's nothing there that seems unusual. We're confident that there was no mechanical failure. The cause of the accident is something of a mystery. I mean that the initial factor that set the chain of events in motion is unknown."

Driving style and racing overalls
Moore was described as having "Gilles Villeneuve-esque car control" that accompanied "his fearless style, and his incredible determination." In his CART career, he was known as an oval track specialist,  locating the optimum amount of grip as he drove near to oversteering. Moore refined this ability after having difficulty on oval tracks in his first two years in Indy Lights. He drove the car correctly, always wanting to retain control of the rear end of his car. He learned to drive a "loose" car after his father entered him in some ice races on the advice of race engineer Steve Challis. During practice for the oval track races, he focused on the set-up of his vehicle believing he could pass other drivers in the race.

Moore's Indy Lights helmet design featured a mixture of lightning bolts and a checkered flag. Upon moving to CART, Forsythe Racing's primary sponsor asked for a more subtle and corporate helmet design. Regardless of the blue colour of his team's primary sponsor Player's, Moore wore a pair of red racing gloves to emphasise the pride in his Canadian nationality.

Personality and legacy
Iain MacIntyre of the Vancouver Sun described Moore as "tall and fair-haired with wire-rimmed glasses" and someone who "possessed a wholesome, innocent bearing and boyish enthusiasm that was infectious." Race car driver Mario Andretti described him as articulate, a meaningful speaker, and considered him "very professional and mature for his age". Moore was cordial with the media, and CART fans and fellow drivers regarded him with affection because of his occasional "wacky and over-the-top sense of humour", particularly with children. He was serious while driving, was positive career-wise, played practical jokes on others outside of his profession, and was devoted to his family and fans. Moore admitted to errors he had made, established friendships with several drivers and organized social gatherings. From August 1998 until his death, he led a four-man international group of drivers called "The Brat Pack" with Max Papis, Dario Franchitti, and Tony Kanaan. The quartet had an energetic longing for enjoyment, going to all-night parties, discussing life, and for maintaining close contact with one another.

As a mark of respect, CART, Indy Lights and Formula Atlantic retired Moore's car number 99 from the list of those available to drivers in all three series. On September 1, 2000, CART established the Greg Moore Legacy Award to honour "the driver who best typifies Moore's legacy of outstanding talent on track as well as displaying a dynamic personality with fans, media and within the CART community." A maximum of four or five drivers were nominated by a panel of experts with at least one competitor representing CART, Indy Lights and Formula Atlantic. Hélio Castroneves was its first recipient in 2000. Others to receive the award include Dario Franchitti in 2001, Sébastien Bourdais in 2003, Ryan Hunter-Reay in 2004, and J. R. Hildebrand when it was limited to Indy Lights drivers in 2009. The 2010 award was presented to James Hinchcliffe, a driver who idolizes Moore and put a pair of Moore's red racing gloves in his race suit in qualifying for the 2012 Indianapolis 500. Others to list Moore as a role model include Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy competitor Stefan Rzadzinski and sports car driver Scott Hargrove.

The Greg Moore Foundation was established by his father to continue his son's legacy through charitable work. It supports scholarships for young people to continue their education after graduating from secondary school, provides funding to five health charities and local hospitals, aids in the development of amateur athletes and works against drunk driving. Moore was posthumously awarded the Jack Diamond Award, which honours "an individual who consistently demonstrated a competitive and co-operative spirit, who excelled in sport and who made a positive contribution to the community". It was collected by his family at a dinner ceremony in Vancouver's Jewish Community Centre on February 15, 2000. He was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame and the BC Sports Hall of Fame that year. In 2007, Moore's stepmother opened a glass case gallery containing his racing artifacts in the BC Sports Hall of Fame. A go-kart track in Chilliwack, a youth centre in Maple Ridge established in October 2001, and the Emergency Department at the Ridge Meadows Hospital inaugurated eight years later by British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell and the Minister of Health George Abbott are all named after Moore.

Moore was honoured by the organizers of the Molson Indy Vancouver with the words "Courage, Greg Moore No. 99" written in large white block letters across the start/finish line of the Concord Pacific Place temporary street circuit in 2000. Starting from that year's race until its discontinuation in 2004, the pole position starter received the Greg Moore Pole Award. A book Greg Moore: A Legacy of Spirit written by journalists Dan Proudfoot, Jim Taylor and Gordon Kirby was published by Whitecap Books on August 30, 2000. The following year, a documentary to complement the book Greg Moore – A Racer's Story, was narrated and hosted by actress Ashley Judd. It was shown twice on The Sports Network in 2001 and had a subsequent release on VHS. Dario Franchitti dedicated his 2002 Molson Indy Vancouver win to Moore, and again after his 2009 IndyCar Series championship victory. A second documentary, A Hero's Drive: The Greg Moore Tribute, was shown on Sportsnet in May 2013. Two months later, Autosport magazine named Moore one of the 50 greatest drivers to have never raced in Formula One.

American open-wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (Small number denotes finishing position)

International Race of Champions
(key) ( Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led. Small number denotes finishing position )

title: Greg Moore (racing driver)


text:
Sarah Hale

Sarah Hale may refer to:
 * Sarah Josepha Hale, American writer, activist and editor
 * SS Sarah J. Hale, a Liberty ship
 * Sarah Preston Hale, American diarist, translator, columnist and newspaper publisher

title: Sarah Hale


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requested articles/music

Cleanup
OK, I think I cleaned it all up. --Enkrates 07:39, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

This list needs serious rearranging. Several categories are repeated multiple times, with each instance having different requested articles. I've gone ahead and deleted a few dupes and I'll keep going through it over the next few days. As it stands, though, this is a really confusing list and probably inhibits contributions. I think we should try to work through the list, moving articles requested in dupe catgories into the first appearance of the category. I'm sure the list would seem much, much shorter and be taken care of more quickly. --Enkrates 03:36, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

Pretty Things
There already is an article on the Pretty Things, as "Pretty Things"

My name is tadada Tadada opera (talk) 14:38, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

My name is tadada Tadada opera (talk) 14:38, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

Alteration
I removed alteration because it doesn't appear to have any connection to music. "What links here" only gives Soils retrogression and degradation for the term. Tuf-Kat 08:57, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

 * It's used when referring to chords and scales, especially in jazz. I don't think it really needs its own article, but it should probably get mentioned somewhere, in chord maybe. See also altered scale. -- Merphant

Grouping
This page might benefit from grouping by song title, album, performer, composer, terminology, styles/genres, etc. It's a little haphazard as it it now. MisfitToys
 * I agree. I've been meaning to get around to it... Tuf-Kat 07:01, Apr 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Much better now. Great job. MisfitToys 06:29, Apr 17, 2004 (UTC)

...Requested since at least April 13, 2004?
Why do some of these headings say Requested since at least April 13, 2004? What difference does that make? Kingturtle 00:52, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Really none, it is just to catoragize the request for 1st priority --Pkazazes 14:37, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Rhymeless editions
It seems that User:Rhymeless misedited today. Can somebody slavage without just reverting?
 * I think I got it fixed.., ugh. Rhymeless 03:37, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Milli Vanilli
A brief story on Milli Vanilli would be useful now, in light of the escalating Audiogate aka Promptergate story. See, e.g., http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2004/10/08/bulge/index.html

Ginestera?
I see Alberto Ginestera is requested. Is this a misspelling for Alberto Ginastera or another composer? Schissel 00:45, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * It's probably just a misspelling. Tuf-Kat 01:04, Oct 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Google does produce hits, about a hundred, for Ginestera (though suggests Ginastera as a - ten thousand - alternative) so it does pass that test, anyway. (Probably similarly for Samuel Coleridge Taylor - actually, Google may ignore hyphens? though Samuel Coleridge-Taylor results indirectly from search on "Samuel Coleridge Taylor" site:en.wikipedia.org ...
 * What would be good practice here? At least two things come to mind, editing and redirect creation... ) Schissel 11:33, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Created a redirect. --Lph 15:41, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Artist list: Sorting rule needed
Some artists are listed by last name (Robert Johnson under "J"), while others are listed by first name (Robert Johnson under "R"). Difficult to find people that way. I propose we add a text asking all submitters to use the same rule. Now, which way is better? Last name is more encyclopaedia-like, First name more Wikipedia-like (artist categories are sorted by first name). If nobody cares, I will add such a text.

 * Hi. I started sorting, according to FIRST name. However, after I had done several sections, I noticed there's a blurb about how new entries should be entered alphabetically according to LAST name. Should I undo all this? I'd like to continue sorting, since many of the categories aren't in order going by either convention. It's more difficult to sort my way by last name, I just plug the entries into a spreadsheet and sort them. Since all the listings are "first name first" and not "last name first" this shortcut won't be of any use. What is the sorting rule?? If there's any choice in the matter, I vote to sort by FIRST name. It is the most convenient to maintain and the easiest to read. Several sections look as if they are already following the first name sorting convention, while other sections look like they are going by last name.

 * Should I undo this?? Should I continue sorting unsorted sections?--VictorC (talk) 11:37, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Composers heading?
Would anyone mind a seperate composers heading? This would help greatly with the new WikiProject Composers This includes any composers under the current broad Category:Composers, so the new heading could be Composers/Songwriters for clarity. I'm not suggesting going through and moving all the current names, but just seperating the categories and new additions would go under the new composer category? A note under the new and current category to say that it is new and that new additions should be made here would probably be necessary. The current heading is pretty broad as is and this might help reduce the number as well. Please advise. :) --Sketchee 14:09, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Since there are no objects (so far), I'm going to go ahead and add the extra category. --Sketchee 05:26, Jan 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Definitely a good idea; anything to break up those huge blocks of redlinks. Thanks! Antandrus 05:31, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Tidy up
I just tidied up the page by deleting names which had articles about them. - (Erebus555 14:05, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC))

Gallant, Pierre
Added Pierre Gallant to Composers. --Lph 16:00, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Jazz Section created
Ideally the performers section should be split up in to genre categories, in my view. I've started with Jazz (and the Orchestras category), where I possess some competence. The prominence of some of the critics and performers without articles suggests the validity of my action. Some might feel that the critics are best placed in the writers section on the culture and arts requests page, though that section is also, perhaps, too generalised, if unwritten articles are to find an author.

Philip Cross 11:31, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Proprietary instrument names
I took out Access Virus, Roland Sound Canvas and Parker guitars from the instrument list. These are specific makes of instrument, and having an article on them would be very close to advertising I think. Once you go down that route it's endless: Steinway pianos, Boosey and Hawkes clarinets, Conn trumpets, etc etc. Unsigned, by User:Stephen Burnett 08:14 UTC, 20 June 2005
 * We have articles on a lot of companies and manufacturers of things, and I see no reason why an encyclopedia shouldn't. Steinway and C.G. Conn, among your examples, already have articles. EldKatt (Talk) 15:17, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * That's true, but it's an instrument list and not a manufacturer's list. There are probably hundreds of companies who make pianos, hundreds more making guitars, trumpets, etc etc, and mostly they are turning out instruments which are generic copies of well-established prototypes. If the manufacturer is noteworthy there's no reason not to have a page on them, but I'm not convinced that their instruments need an article too. This is specially the case with companies like Yamaha or B&H, since there's hardly an instrument they don't make; would we have a page on "Yamaha flute"? Manufacturers who have made notable contributions to the development of the instrument will be noted on the generic instrument page, as Steinway is in Piano, and Robert Moog is in Synthesizer. --Stephen Burnett 19:45, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Technical Terms
Why is the category "Technical Terms" under Jazz? Are only Jazz terms supposed to go there?

 * This appears to have been corrected. --Lph 15:47, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Suggest Translation from German Wikipedia
There are articles missing here, which already have an entry in the German Wikipedia. As my English is probably to bad to do it, I suggest that someone take a look at:
 * Goldie And The Gingerbreads (stub in the English version, rather complete in German)
 * Ten Wheel Drive (non-existent in the English version)

I shall come back here, when I added more of these or remember others...--de:Benutzer:Psycho Chicken

New request section for "learning music"
Hello, I think it will be a good idea to open a section where requests for "learning music/instruments" can me listed. For example, I want to put up an article request for "learn to play violin". What do you think? --Regards. Miljoshi | talk 06:52, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * This sort of thing probably belongs in Wikibooks, not here. (Incidentally, I also have my personal doubts as to whether a good textbook for the study of any musical instrument, with consistent and reliable pedagogy, can be produced in a wiki medium. But that's another story.) EldKatt (Talk) 15:07, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your input, EldKatt, I agree (on both counts). But then, I thought if schools could be listed under Music education, why not students/aspirants? Originally, it was a simple matter of creating such a category to me (be it for a babel such as, "This user would like to be able to speak more languages"). But I thought it useful to get a few opinion. What do you think? --Regards. Miljoshi | talk 13:28, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

carmela, singer (with paco ibañez)

 * Added requests for Carmela and Paco Ibáñez. --Lph 15:55, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Mispelled Requests?
Could it be that the requested K.D.M.F.M article is a typographical error? After all, there is an article about the notable band KMFDM. Unless anyone has evidence to the contrary, I propose that the request be dropped... Folajimi 02:45, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Although some members of KMFDM did a side project under the name MDFMK (KMFDM reversed), I have never heard anything about a band with this name.  A search on google also turns up nothing. Jesusjonez 17:38, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Very well then. The request has been removed. Folajimi(talk)

Removed the "Jacques Brell - (French singer)" entry: that is Jacques Brel misspelled (French speaking Belgian singer, by the way). BertK 19:47, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Vertigo Problem

 * Moved this request for medical advice to Reference desk/Science. (Archive link)--Lph 13:38, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Studio
Where would a specific recording studio fall?--Someoneinmyheadbutit'snotme 18:21, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I say make a new heading for "Recording studios". --Lph 18:01, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * New "Recording Studios" section created. synthfiend (talk) 17:28, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

70s and 80s rock
we need a 1970s rock and an 1980s rock article --voodoom 22:56, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

"Requested"?
Sorry, I don't really know a lot about Wikipedia, but if an article is on this page as requested, does that mean it's been judged as being of merit? I see a few independent artists on here that I assumed would just get VfD'd immediately on WP:MUSIC if I tried to create articles, but I'm wondering if their presence on this page means it would be worth my time to go ahead and make the entry. 74.132.201.208 08:46, 11 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It doesn't necessarily mean the article's of merit.  It just means that somebody wants to see an article about the topic.  I say go ahead and make the entry; there are some independent artists that have Wikipedia entries (for example, Bright Eyes).  As long as the artist has a decent body of work (that is, more than one album), it probably won't get deleted.RedRollerskate 13:10, 11 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia has the reputation of "they have it all," particularly including marvels of the "entertainment" genre. While some Wikipedia elitists may think there is no place for eclecticisms like "entertainment" for the common folk here, the common folk have already decided the issue. They come here. They vote with their clicks and their numerous editing key presses. Please take the request page seriously. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.55.123.141 (talk • contribs) 22:59, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Wasted effort?
(I know nothing about but) I put a strike-thru on Sir Millard Mulch on here on Oct 2nd, to inform an article might get deleted. Two weeks later a subsequent CSD (3rd in all) and by now it's off the list completely. NN hoax nonsense repost, apparently. Ricksy 04:27, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

RA formatting standard
Please see: Wikipedia_talk:Requested_articles. Dragons flight 18:37, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Needs cleanup and Needs requests to be done
A lot of requests and I heard only one person is doing them all and some things need to be cleaned up--DogPHman 11:51, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Who are you talking to? --meatclerk 04:26, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * lol, oh that made me laugh. Rocket000 08:10, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Genres
I removed these: --Galaxiaad 19:00, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Soul_(Genre) - already at soul music, redirected
 * Ceildh - already at Ceilidh, redirected
 * Euro Beat - already at Eurobeat, redirected
 * Different Genres Of Music (Popular One's) - isn't really useful for article ideas
 * Different Types Of Rock Music(Hard, Soft, Alternative, Metal, Progressive, etc) - same (pages for all the genres named already exist)

Also because it already exists at British hip hop (redirected). --Galaxiaad 19:32, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * U.K Hip hop

I have removed Anti-Music because it is not music, it is noise. Music is the art or science of combining vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. The example provided for anti-music has no theory, no tone, and no rhythm. If a better example can be shown as to how it is actually music, please provide it.--Jtbunting1 (talk) 04:00, 7 October 2011 (UTC)

Genres doesn't seem to appear on the main requests page. If it does reappear, I wanted to add Ghetto Zouk. There is an entry for Zouk, but to my understanding Ghetto Zouk is more of a discrete African development of that central american genre. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.90.30.121 (talk) 18:35, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

Wondering...
Added 'Wanting storylines' beyond the hyphen on Rhapsody of Fire, but is this usual practice? Or should I issue the request somewhere else?

 * You might want to put your request on the article's talk page as well; people with that article on their watchlist will be more likely to see it then. --Lph 14:33, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Broken?
This page is broken? The page beyond "Albums, T" is deleted, and I am not advanced enough to merge in the editerts since the delete. I wanted to add the Spanish Musical Instrument, Castanettes. BernieLomax 17:58, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Contents deleted since 12 November have been restored now. Alex1 11:38, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 * If you're still looking for that article, it's been here for a while Castanet. It was just spelled right. -Rocket000 09:46, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

CASA?
What happened to the topic CASA - contemporary a cappella socity of america is vanished - ? this is a valid nationwide group- chapters, members, web page public singing performances published songbooks copywrited material etc - should be undeleted in my opinion 24.7.28.156 13:03, 11 January 2007 (UTC)Don Pie 6 year member of Urban Harmony - a CASA chapter

Cleanup
I did some cleanup on the requested articles subpages for bands, songwriters, and hip-hop. I'm thinking that the subsections here for bands, songwriters, and genres should be moved into those pages, since this is partly duplication and partly just confusing (why two lists?). Chubbles 23:27, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree they should definitely be merged. And I'll help, but I'm not very familiar with this area of Wikipedia. I was thinking this is where people make their requests then the articles that should be created are added to the other lists. For example, I know some of these already have articles (it's just a matter of redirecting) and others wouldn't pass any test of notability and would just be deleted. I mean, I'll be glad to help, if you can explain the process to me (if there is any?). Why were there two lists in the first place? And how come people post here instead of on the subpages? Thanks. Rocket000 03:41, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that there is a process; I've been working on Requested articles/music/Performers and bands for a few days, and it looks totally unregulated. I think no one's really using the pages, honestly. Chubbles 04:01, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I know what you mean. I was ready to turn around and never come back. Them I saw your comment and thought maybe you could use some help. I'll go take a look at the other pages, seems they are in much better shape. Rocket000 05:04, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's only as regulated as the people who use it; so far as I can tell there's no project managing these pages. I do work at WP:AR1 now and then, and User:SimonP used to update it, but he hasn't lately, and I'm guessing if he stopped totally no one would notice. And it's an awful big project, especially when you consider he has to go through ALL of the requested article pages to do it (maybe a bot helps?). Chubbles 06:25, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, we could move everything to this page, and have the subcategories link to their section. This is the way the most of the other topics are done. What do you think? Another question - what do you do when you see a request that shouldn't, without a doubt, be made an article? I don't want to delete them because, assuming good faith, they are legitimate requests, however, I wouldn't want someone to spend lots of time creating it thinking they're helping out, only to see it get deleted. You know what I mean? Rocket000 21:26, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, I think that since the pages are so long, we should do it the other way - farm out all the bands here to the bands page, and then under the heading "bands" here, just leave a link to that page.

 * I rarely delete anything from the pages. When I look things up at WP:AR1, if a band appears totally off the radar and I want to just remove it from the list, I'll do that, but I don't do it unless I'm getting almost no Google hits. And even then it's not reliable - someone like Mohammed Gauss, for whom I wrote a very short stub, gets very few Google hits. Or something like New Formosa Band, which is at AR1 and which I've been trying to find material for; they get very few Ghits, until you search for them under their Chinese name. Also, sometimes people request articles for a band before they hit big, and then they get big. Lastly, I question the wisdom of systematically going through the list and finding what's notable and what's not, since there are only a vanishingly small number of people who are likely to use it. It's a lot of effort and not much payoff. Chubbles 22:20, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Good points. I didn't realize the size of some of those lists. Rocket000 22:54, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

banjo breakdown
I don't know how to set it up to show this, but "banjo breakdown" is defined at break_(music) at "bluegrass breakdown". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.252.48.158 (talk) 10:15, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Discographies?
What section do those fit into.

I noticed that death metal band Morbid Angel doesn't have a page for it's discography. Rather, a short list of their major works at the bottom of the band's article. I'm not sure what section of the music category I would add this too, and I would like to add this article suggestion soon.

Alreadytaken4536 (talk) 13:58, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Requested articles
I can guarantee that some of these articles listed should not have articles. A music genre called "sexno"? A google search returns nothing of value. - down load ׀ sign!  23:30, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

You are right!! I have a genre worthy of a wiki article; "jazz-pop". I'm thinking of doing a jazz-pop article since there has not been one made yet. I'm not sure how to do so, but if anyone could help me I would very much appreciate it! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sprecher (talk • contribs) 22:24, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Help us help you too!
Please, when you add the person, ensemble, band, or other to the lists, note that we have more than one list here. It would be very helpful to place your request in the proper category, and please remember, to alphabetize the name. This way, we can find it faster, or you can find it as well. Be bold, and ask about helping to start a new article.--leahtwosaints (talk) 18:10, 25 June 2009 (UTC)

Steve Moore (Drummer)
Added the requested article status for this guy. Did not proceed and make the article though because I am unsure if he is passes Wiki notability standards. He has become a huge internet figure but I was not sure if that necessarily makes him notable enough.

http://themaddrummer.com/

No Victorola Information?
I looked around on different internet sites and the only info i found is on a person's website who collects them. As this is part of american history on the medium of music, i would appreciate if this could be shown on here as a article as it was the medium back in the day before WWI and pre-WWI society. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.201.164.50 (talk) 22:41, 29 September 2013 (UTC)

Try the spelling "Victrola" — Preceding unsigned comment added by ElbyMan (talk • contribs) 16:24, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

Video game composers?
Under which section should requests for articles about video game composers go? --ConCelFan (talk) 17:43, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

Genres 2
I've also noticed that the "Genres" section is missing. Could someone add that, it's useful! I wanted to add a request for the genre "Voodoobilly" ... I don't know what it is, but would like to be able to look it up on Wikipedia! — Preceding unsigned comment added by ElbyMan (talk • contribs) 16:20, 28 February 2015 (UTC) please add pumping house to request articles — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.254.178.50 (talk) 07:32, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

Tony May disambiguation
I proposed an article regarding audio engineer/producer Tony May, but this appears to be a somewhat popular name. The listing now links to the UK footballer.

please read the following Discogs article.

National Live Music Awards
Sorry, I'm new to this. I created an article which was requested. What do I do, now? Do I edit the Requested Articles - Article to take the request out? Thanks for clearing this up. Cheers mates, Vtsound (talk) 13:31, 30 January 2017 (UTC)

71.203.230.254 (talk) 20:00, 25 March 2015 (UTC)

Rave the city
I'd like to post a request for the houseparty's and CD's of Rave the city, but I'm not able to add any sources because I'm limited by a white-list. Could I still add them to the list, or would that get me into trouble? Oxygene7-13 (talk) 15:34, 30 October 2015 (UTC)

Albums
Why is the “Albums” section blank? 108.45.138.46 (talk) 02:05, 31 July 2020 (UTC)

No orchestras?
It seems odd to have a separate heading for "Chamber ensemble" but not for "Orchestra". Both might go under "Bands", but it's confusingly inconsistent. Pam D  16:46, 10 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I created a section under Musicians, called "Bands, Ensembles, Groups", and eliminated "Chamber ensemble". All applicable entries (including Orchestras) have been moved/organized within the new section. Hope that solves the problem! synthfiend (talk) 17:25, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Trying to submit an article about a musical artists but got rejected.
So, I got identified by Google as a musical artists, and I'm not allowed to submit an article about myself that wrote by me. I decided to submit an article about myself but then get rejected. I was thinking like I have to be super famous, be in many newsletters, and interviews, in order to have an article about me in this wikipedia platform. Is this true? If not, then how I can submit my request to have "me" on Wikipedia? What are the requirements for my request to be approved? Hypeventure (talk) 12:12, 10 November 2021 (UTC)
 * You don't need to be "super famous", but you do need to be notable and covered by reliable sources. A brief Google suggests you aren't. Madbrad200 (talk) 03:48, 27 August 2022 (UTC)

Singers, Instrumentalists, and Musicians
There are currently separate sections for Singers, Instrumentalists, and Musicians - none of which contain very much at all. I propose moving the Musicians section to the top, and merging requests from the Singers and Instrumentalists sections into it. synthfiend (talk) 15:41, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Since no opposition, I created sections for Solo Musicians and moved them into appropriate alphabetical positions in the article. synthfiend (talk) 17:17, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Organizations
This section is really large, and contains quite a few orchestras, choruses, etc.. I propose either revising the Bands section to include other music ensembles / groups, or creating a dedicated section for them. Additionally, it appears that Music Publishers could easily be its own section. synthfiend (talk) 15:41, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Since no opposition, I created a section under Musicians, called Bands, Ensembles, Groups. I also created a section called Publishers. All applicable entries have been moved/organized within the new sections. synthfiend (talk) 17:19, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Soundpoint
Under the music theory sections, there's a request for "soundpoint" - should I just redirect this to tessitura? Frzzl (talk) 15:13, 24 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Requested articles/music