text:
Zorki

Zorki (Зоркий, meaning sharp-sighted) is the name of a series of 35mm rangefinder cameras manufactured in the Soviet Union between 1948 and 1978.

The Zorki was a product of the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Factory (KMZ), which also produced the Zenit single lens reflex camera (SLR). The first Zorki cameras are inexpensive Leica II copies just like the FED, but later models are considerably different from the Leica.

When using most Zorki cameras, the shutter speed should only be set after the shutter has been cocked. Setting the shutter speed before the shutter is cocked can permanently damage the camera. This especially affects all Zorki cameras with slow shutter speeds under 1/30 of a second, in particular the Zorki-3 and Zorki-4.

Zorki/Zorki 2
The first Zorki was the Zorki (called "Zorki 1" by some for clarity, although it never had a number in the name), an exact copy of the 1932 Leica II rangefinder. It featured a 50mm f/3.5 Industar-22 lens, a collapsible lens which looked like the Leitz Elmar but is actually a copy of the Zeiss Tessar. Introduced in 1948, the "Zorki" was the first 35mm camera made by KMZ. The Zorki S of 1955 added flash synchronization.

The Zorki 2 (1954) is similar to the Zorki but features an updated rewind mechanism, a self timer and strap lugs. There is a later flash version called the Zorki 2S.

Zorki 3
Introduced in 1951, the Zorki 3 is somewhat similar to the Leica III. It offers a number of improvements over the original Zorki, including a large combined viewfinder with the rangefinder builtin, a removable back, and a larger and faster Jupiter-8 (Zeiss Sonnar copy) lens. It also adds a new mechanism for slow shutter speeds with a separate selector dial on the front of the camera. This mechanism was unreliable, so the improved Zorki 3M of 1954 (also produced in 1955) combines all of the shutter speeds on a single dial. The Zorki 3S, introduced in 1955, is a Zorki 3M with flash sync.

Zorki 4
The Zorki 4, 1956, is a Zorki 3S with self timer added. The Zorki 4K is identical but used an advance lever instead of the old-style wind knob. With over 2 million units produced, the Zorki 4 is the most successful Zorki and has a reputation as one of the best Russian cameras, although the self timer and slow shutter speeds are unreliable. The Zorki Mir of 1959 is a lower-cost Zorki 4 with fewer shutter speeds.

Zorki 35M
The Zorki-35M full-frame 35mm coupled-rangefinder camera is from a project undertaken by KMZ designer N. Marienkov during the late 1960s (the "M" is his "signature" camera; he also designed the Zorki 3M and the Zenit 3M). It is based on the body of the Zenit E and some of the advanced design features of the Zenit D, but is a rangefinder rather than SLR camera. It features bright-line frames in the viewfinder for 50mm and 85mm lenses, with the entire field of the viewfinder corresponding to that of a 35mm lens. Other advances include automatic parallax compensation, speeds from 1 to 1/1000 sec. and a modern body design. It was probably an attempt to make an updated alternative for the then aging Zorki 4. At least two hand-built prototypes of this camera are known to exist, and the KMZ archives list it as a "project", but it never went into production.

Zorki 5/6
The Zorki 5 is an updated model similar to the FED 2. There are two different versions, the first (1958) having an Industar-22 lens and the second (1959) having an Industar-50. Like early Leicas, the Zorki 5 is loaded with film by removing the bottom plate. However, both versions of the Zorki 5 have a flaw where cycling the shutter with no lens on the camera causes the rangefinder arm to get caught up in the shutter mechanism, possibly breaking the camera in the process. The Zorki 6 fixed this problem with the Zorki 5 by moving the rangefinder arm to the other side of the lens mount and introduced an Zenit-style swing back for easier loading.

Zorki 10/11/12
The Zorki 10 is a modern-style 35mm rangefinder camera with a selenium light meter and shutter priority automatic exposure introduced in 1964. The Zorki 11 is a cheaper model without the rangefinder, and the Zorki 12 is a variant using Agfa's Rapid film cartridges. All three variants have fixed (non-interchangeable) lenses.

The Zorki 10 is a fixed-lens Zorki coupled rangefinder camera with an integrated light meter. Selenium meter cells surround the lens. This was the first fully automatic camera produced in the former Soviet Union, as well as the first to use ASA/DIN markings rather than the Soviet GOST numbers, however these ASA numbers were still mostly useless as they didn't match any known film speeds (some Zorki 10 cameras apparently had GOST numbers instead of ASA though, as it's shown in a Polish camera manual).

The shutter release is a small lever protruding from the right-hand side of the lens. Shutter speeds from 1/30s to 1/500s are available in automatic mode. It also provides a B (bulb) setting, though there is no way to attach a cable release. Apertures from 2.8 to 22 with constant shutter speed of 1/30 s can be set in manual mode, intended for use with an electronic flash. Flash sync is possible at all shutter speeds through the PC terminal. There is an accessory shoe provided, but it does not sync with flash.

The Zorki 11 is a Zorki 10 without the coupled rangefinder mechanism, but with distance symbols visible in the viewfinder.

Technical specifications: Film type: 135

Frame size: 24x36 mm

Viewfinder magnification: 0.65x

Rangefinder base: 38 mm

Lens: Industar 63, 45 mm f/2.8 (four element Tessar type)

Angle of view: 51.3 degree

Min. focusing distance: 1.5 m

Shutter: leaf; electronically controlled in auto mode, 1/30 s or B in manual mode.

Exposure metering: external with selenium meter

Shutter speed range: 1/30 s – 1/500 s, B

Aperture range: 2.8 – 22

Automatic exposure range: 8 – 18 EV

Manual exposure range: 8 – 14 EV

Film speed range: 20 – 320 ASA (14 – 26 DIN, 16 – 250 GOST)

Flash sync: 1/30 s

Film advance: manual

Self timer: mechanical, 8-15 s delay

Filter thread: M52.5 x 0.75

Tripod thread: 1/4" or 3/8" (depending on manufacture period)

Dimensions: 129 x 77 x 76 mm

Weight: 750 g

List of Zorki cameras

 * Zorki (1948–1956)
 * Zorki 3 (1951–1954)
 * Zorki 2 (1954–1956)
 * Zorki 3M (1954-1955)
 * Zorki S (1955–1958)
 * Zorki 2S (1955–1960)
 * Zorki 3S (1955–1956)
 * Zorki 4 (1956–1973)
 * Zorki 35M (prototype only, c.1969)
 * Zorki 5 (1958–1959)
 * Zorki Mir (1959–1961)
 * Zorki 6 (1959–1966)
 * Zorki 10 (1964)
 * Zorki 11 (1964)
 * Zorki 12 (1967)
 * Zorki 4K (1972–1978)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zorki


text:
William Kelly (inventor)

William Kelly (August 21, 1811 – February 11, 1888), born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was an American inventor. He is credited with being one of the inventors of modern steel production, through the process of injecting air into molten iron, which he experimented with in the early 1850s. A similar process was discovered independently by Henry Bessemer and patented in 1855. Due to a financial panic in 1857, a company that had already licensed the Bessemer process was able to purchase Kelly's patents, and licensed both under a single scheme using the Bessemer name. Kelly's role in the invention of the process is much less known.

Early life
Kelly studied metallurgy at the Western University of Pennsylvania. Instead of getting a job as a scientist, Kelly, his brother, and his brother-in-law started a dry goods and commission business, which they called McShane & Kelly. After a fire destroyed their warehouse, William and his brother John decided to move to Eddyville, Kentucky in 1847 to enter the iron industry.

Iron and steel making
In 1846, they purchased an iron manufacturing company in Lyon County on the Cumberland River, called Eddyville iron-work. They then renamed the factory Kelly & Company.

Traditional methods
Before the technique of injecting air into molten iron was re-discovered by Kelly and by Bessemer, iron was available as cast iron, a strong but brittle metal made in a blast furnace by treating iron ore with coke derived from coal, and wrought iron, a more malleable and flexible metal made by heating iron ore in a low oxygen environment in a bloomery heated by charcoal and producing "blooms", which were 100 to 200 pound lumps of very low carbon iron mixed with slag. The blooms then had to be worked repeatedly by hammering with a helve hammer or later a steam hammer and folding it to work out the slag. This could in turn be converted to steel by heating it for prolonged periods sealed in stone boxes with charcoal, to add back carbon. The resulting steel could then be formed into larger shapes by heating it to welding temperature and hammering it together into a mass. Other laborious and expensive methods made small amounts of steel from special ores.

Improvements by Kelly and Bessemer
Kelly started experimenting with his "air-boiling process," a process of blowing air up through molten iron to reduce the carbon content, in the 1850s. His initial goal was to reduce the amount of fuel required for iron and steel making, because of the immense amount of timber required to make the charcoal. He discovered that the injected air did not cool the molten iron, but instead combined with the carbon to cause the iron to boil and burn violently until the carbon was greatly reduced, improving the quality of the iron or converting it to steel. His iron workers may have contributed to his discovery. According to Kelly's biography, in 1854 he hired Chinese iron workers through a New York teahouse. Historian of metallurgy Donald Wagner notes that a similar process was already extant in China, and that Kelly's Chinese iron workers were likely familiar with how molten cast iron behaved under an air blast. The engineer William Phillips, after a trip to Eddyville, wrote in 1899 that "the Chinese had refined iron by blowing air into it a great many years ago, and I have thought that Kelly, in asking for Chinese laborers, would naturally require the services of those who had some knowledge of the iron business."

A similar process was later independently invented and patented by Henry Bessemer in 1856. Kelly was college-educated in metallurgy, while Bessemer in his autobiography described no education, other than a practical knowledge of typecasting and machining learned at his father's type foundry, stating in 1854, "My knowledge of iron metallurgy was at that time very limited...", but somehow he was able to build, without a long series of progressive improvements, a functioning converter to blow air into molten iron and convert it to steel. However, Bessemer was a renowned inventor of many industrial processes before he invented the Bessemer process and the potential of blowing air through iron had long been known about before either Bessemer or Kelly applied for a patent, such as in the finery process and in experiments undertaken in the 1840s by James Nasmyth. In September 1856, Bessemer's patent was reported by Scientific American. Kelly wrote a letter to the magazine in October 1856 describing his earlier experiments and asserted that the English workmen at his plant had informed Bessemer of Kelly's experiments. Kelly writes, "I have reason to believe my discovery was known in England three or four years ago, as a number of English puddlers visited this place to see my new process. Several of them have since returned to England and may have spoken of my invention there." Kelly's son would later make the unsubstantiated allegation that Bessemer had personally visited Eddyville to secretly learn from Kelly's experiments.

Gallery
Various types of converter are shown. An original Kelly Converter was displayed outside the general offices of Bethlehem Steel Corporation on Walnut St., in Johnstown, Pennsylvania for many years until it was relocated to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. A photograph of it is available at this link: http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-9E0

Kelly's patent
Kelly applied for a patent after Bessemer patented the process, and was granted patent in 1857. The core claim of his patent was "Blowing blasts of air, either hot or cold, up and through a mass of liquid iron, the oxygen in the air combining with the carbon in the iron, causing a greatly increased heat and boiling commotion in the fluid mass and decarbonizing and refining the iron."

Renewal of patent
In 1871, the U.S. Patent Office granted Kelly a renewal of his patent for 7 years while rejecting applications for renewal by Bessemer and Robert Forester Mushet, who had also received patents for the process. Bessemer's renewal was rejected for the sole reason that his British patent with which it had been made co-terminal had duly expired at the end of its fourteen years of life, and it would have been inequitable to give Bessemer protection in the United States while British iron-masters were not under similar restraint. Had it not been for this consideration, Bessemer probably would have been granted a renewal.

Kelly's bankruptcy
The financial panic of 1857 resulted in Kelly's bankruptcy, and he was forced to sell his patent. The Kelly patent and the Bessemer patent were licensed for steelmaking in Pennsylvania, at the Cambria Iron Works, starting in 1857. With the patents jointly licensed, invention priority disputes became of little interest to the business world. Kelly received only about 5% of the patent royalties paid to Bessemer, and Bessemer's name was used for the process. Bessemer already had a well known steel making operation in England, and Kelly was little known.

Bessemer Steel
The companies owning the Kelly and Bessemer patents began selling the product under the name "Bessemer Steel" in 1866. The Bessemer process greatly reduced the cost of steel and improved the quality, making possible the industrial growth of the United States from 1865 until the early 1900s. The Bessemer process was replaced by the open-hearth process in the early 20th century.

Kelly's later life
Kelly worked in Louisville, Kentucky for the rest of his life, manufacturing axes as well as working in real estate and banking. He died there February 11, 1888.

title: William Kelly (inventor)


text:
Sebaceous hyperplasia

Sebaceous hyperplasia is a disorder of the sebaceous glands in which they become enlarged, producing flesh-colored or yellowish, shiny, often umbilicated bumps. Sebaceous hyperplasia, primarily affecting older patients in high-concentration areas like the face, head, and neck, typically has a 2-4 mm diameter and causes no symptoms. The lesions are often surrounded by telangiectatic blood vessels, also known as "crown vessels," and a central dell, which is in line with the origin of the lesions.

Sebaceous glands are glands located within the skin and are responsible for secreting an oily substance named sebum. They are commonly associated with hair follicles but they can be found in hairless regions of the skin as well. Their secretion lubricates the skin, protecting it from drying out or becoming irritated.

Murine studies suggest topical irritants and carcinogens may contribute to sebaceous hyperplasia development, with immunosuppression with cyclopsporin A or HIV infection increasing the likelihood.

Sebaceous hyperplasia is a condition that can be diagnosed clinically but requires a biopsy for confirmation. It shares similarities with folliculosebaceous unit architecture but has larger and expanded sebaceous glands. Identifying sebaceous hyperplasia using dermatoscopy can help identify it from other lesions. The dermoscopic characteristics include "crown vessels" clusters of white or yellow nodules, a distinct asymmetrical milky-white structure called the cumulus sign, and a central umbilication called the "bonbon toffee sign."

Sebaceous hyperplasia treatment involves various techniques like cryotherapy, bichloroacetic acid, shave excision, carbon dioxide laser ablation, electrodessication, erbium/yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation, and pulsed-dye laser photothermolysis.

Signs and symptoms
Sebaceous hyperplasia primarily affects older patients in areas with high concentrations of sebaceous glands, such as the face, head, and neck. It typically manifests as yellowish-colored skin with small papules that are often surrounded by telangiectatic blood vessels, also known as "crown vessels," and a central dell that is in line with the origin of the lesions, which is a dilated central follicular infundibulum. Most lesions have a diameter of 2-4 mm and cause no symptoms.

Causes
Although the etiology is unknown, murine studies have revealed that topical irritants and carcinogens may be involved in the development of sebaceous hyperplasia.

Immunosuppression with cyclopsporin A or HIV infection increases the likelihood of developing sebaceous hyperplasia significantly.

Diagnosis
Although sebaceous hyperplasia can be diagnosed clinically, a biopsy is necessary for confirmation in cases of doubt. The differential diagnosis for sebaceous hyperplasia includes nevus sebaceous, sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceous adenoma, basal cell carcinoma, molluscum contagiosum, and small epidermal inclusion cysts.

Sebaceous hyperplasia shares histopathological similarities with the typical architecture of the folliculosebaceous unit, but with larger and expanded sebaceous glands.

To help identify sebaceous hyperplasia from other lesions, dermatoscopy may be utilized. A cluster of white or yellow nodules encircled by tiny, nonarborizing branching vessels known as "crown vessels" are among the dermoscopic characteristics of sebaceous hyperplasia. On dermatoscopy, a distinct asymmetrical milky-white structure known as the cumulus sign has been identified in cases with sebaceous hyperplasia. Unlike the traditional crown vessels, some writers describe the blood vessels as "multiple tree-like branches." A central umbilication encircled by the cumulus sign was another distinguishing characteristic of dermatoscopy; the authors dubbed this the "bonbon toffee sign."

Treatment
Treatment for sebaceous hyperplasia is carried out for cosemetic reasons. There are numerous techniques that have been reported, including cryotherapy, bichloroacetic acid, shave excision, carbon dioxide laser ablation, electrodessication, erbium or yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation, and pulsed-dye laser photothermolysis.

title: Sebaceous hyperplasia


text:
Talk:Matthew Brady

Earlier conversations
I believe "Matthew" Brady is supposed to be spelled "Mathew." Katagelophobia

You are right. I will merge it with the article on Mathew Brady. --MarkSweep 05:41, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I've added information on "Matthew Brady", as distince to "Mathew Brady". The above notes probably don't apply here anymore. Johnpf

It seems logical that the "other" Matthew Brady page should be merged into this one as suggested. I assume that the other one's title would then be a redirect to this one? I note also that there are links to Macquarie Harbor and Hell's Gate on trhe other article that seem to work. I've got to admit that if I'd found the other article I'd have put the content I used there. Seems that there's a flaw in how the "search" box works, as I searched for him before creating the article. Johnpf 06:01, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

After 15 days and no negative comments, merged per request, keeping all non-redundant content from both articles. Matthew Brady (bushranger) now redirects here. Thatcher131 01:43, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Request note for a photograph is strange: subject died essentially before photography was invented. --SC

I have photos from the castellated rocky outcrop where Mathew Brady looked out over the Tamar river, and a photo of the memorial erected there describing his life. Both photos are my own work. I'm not sure how to upload them because I haven't been autoconfirmed. These photos may enhance the article. Can anyone suggest how I might add them please? ShipWatcher (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 08:48, 27 October 2008 (UTC).

title: Talk:Matthew Brady


text:
Hardtack (disambiguation)

Hardtack is a simple type of biscuit or cracker.

Hardtack or Hard Tack may also refer to:

 * Hardtack (game), a miniature wargame ruleset
 * Hard Tack (horse) (1926–1947), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Hardtack Island, in Portland, Oregon, United States

title: Hardtack (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Bloc Québécois

First paragraph -- invert the 2 principles?
"...devoted to the protection of Quebec's interests in the House of Commons of Canada, and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty..."

Personally, I think it should read: "...devoted to the promotion of Quebec sovereignty, and the protection of Quebec's interests in the House of Commons of Canada..."

Pursuit of Quebec sovereignty is first and foremost in the party's platform. Lucien Bouchard made that clear in the early days of the Bloc's formation.

Thus, it should be mentioned as the first phrase, in that opening sentence.

--Atikokan (talk) 16:00, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

Gilles Duceppe
What is Duceppe's status? Is he still president & leader of the BQ? GoodDay (talk) 22:56, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

I thought he resigned on election night and I haven't found anything online that says anything different. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vale of Glamorgan (talk • contribs) 16:59, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Party leader versus party president versus parliamentary leader
Louis Plamondon is not now, nor has he ever been, the leader of the Bloc Quebecois, interim or otherwise. In fact, it doesn't seem as though the party has a leader at present.

Gilles Duceppe was both leader and president of the BQ before the 2011 election (thank you, Internet Archive). Vivian Barbot was chosen as the party's interim president after Duceppe's resignation, and she is still interim president as of this writing (source: the party's website).

Plamondon was chosen as the BQ's interim parliamentary leader on 2 June 2011. This is a parliamentary, and not a party, position. It more-or-less corresponds to the former position of House Leader, which no longer formally exists for the BQ as they are no longer an official parliamentary group. This article, clarifying Plamondon's title, does not indicate that he was chosen as party leader. This article, published in 2010, indicates that BQ House Leader Pierre Paquette had the same official title (in French) that Plamondon holds now.

The BQ website does not indicate that the party has a leader, interim or otherwise, at present. The only logical conclusion is that the position is vacant. In the absence of a formal leader, Barbot is the senior party official.

A few published articles since the 2011 election have described Plamondon as the BQ leader. This is due to confusion over the titles. CJCurrie (talk) 00:34, 30 July 2011 (UTC)

Date format
Hi. Is there a reason why British date formats (e.g. 11 June 1991) are used instead of standard North American English format (June 11, 1991) ? The latter is used for articles about Quebec, Canada, Montreal, Quebec City, PQ, etc. I think that we should use Canadian English by default as it is spoken by Quebec anglophones. Cmoibenlepro (talk) 13:37, 17 March 2014 (UTC)
 * According to WP:STRONGNAT Canada may use either, and since the BQ prefer the French language, dmy is appropriate for the topic. 117Avenue (talk) 02:53, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

 * OK, but I do not understand the relation between the date formatting in French and this article, which is in English. In Montreal, MDY format is used, for example this article from The Gazette. In my opinion, DMY looks just wrong, but perhaps this format is fine outside Quebec. Cmoibenlepro (talk) 03:11, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

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Quebec Bloc?
I've lived in Canada for a long time and have never heard anyone refer to the Bloc Quebecois as the "Quebec Bloc". I'm wondering if we should delete this odd translation, which appears directly after the prononciation in the article. A CBC news article | here, published a week ago, refers to them as the "Bloc Quebecois"... Just like the rest of us Anglos do. — Preceding unsigned comment added by New Media Theorist (talk • contribs) 05:10, 14 September 2015 (UTC)
 * It's listed as an alternative name in Britannica for what it's worth. That being said, I've only heard it referred to by the French name or the "Bloc" in English Canada. Patar knight - chat/contributions 17:03, 14 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I think that was placed there as a misguided attempt at clarifying the meaning of the phrase "Bloc Québécois" (as if there were five people in the world who wouldn't get it on their own), rather than a suggestion that anybody actually uses that as a proper name for the party. I agree that it shouldn't be there; our WP:UE rule does not require us to invent translated English names for things that don't have English names in real-world usage, but requires us only to reflect the usage that actually exists in English sources — and for this party, standard English usage is the untranslated "Bloc Québécois" rather than any anglicized alternative. (Several years ago a non-Canadian editor did try to move it to the original research alternative "Quebecer Bloc", citing UE for it, but they got reverted almost instantly — and what they were actually doing was an "other stuff exists" rampage against the pagemoves of several Italian political parties which do have anglicized names in English sources, so it was just pointless disruption rather than a dispute of any real substance.) Bearcat (talk) 17:37, 14 September 2015 (UTC)
 * OK then I will be bold and take it out. For what it's worth, the same thing is mentioned about a third of the way down this incredibly long talk page (time for archiving?) New Media Theorist (talk) 17:46, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

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Citations in the infobox?
Two users have removed these (myself included), two users have added them back, so I guess it's worth talking about. So, is it really necessary to require citations, in the infobox, for the ideologies of "Quebec nationalism", "Quebec sovereigntism" and "regionalism"? To my mind, these are self-evident in the same way that "liberalism" is for Liberal Party of Canada, "canadian conservatism" is for Conservative Party of Canada and "green politics" is for Green Party of Canada— it is literally in their names, as here. But there's also the fact that these "disputed" BQ ideologues are all mentioned (and cited) within the article itself— in fact as I write this the opening sentence says the BQ. "Environmentalism", "social democracy", even "left-wing nationalism"— yeah, it makes sense these require sources. But do we really need sources to say that the party whose name translates to "Quebec Bloc", that was founded to promote sovereignty, and that only runs in Quebec is nationalist, sovereigntist and regionalist? — Kawnhr (talk) 20:25, 28 December 2019 (UTC)

Bloc Québécois' alignment on the political spectrum
It is indicated that the Bloc Québécois' alignment is one of center-left. While one must reckon that the party was in its first 20 years a party of progressive politics, it has shifted sharply to the right since 2015 and, more precisely, since 2019.

Since the federal campaign of 2019, the Bloc has taken a very conservative stance on immigration and minority integration in Québec society. It has taken the mantra of defending Québec's CAQ conservative government at the House of Commons at the expense of its old-time ally the Parti Québécois.https://www.blocquebecois.org/2019/09/12/laicite-76-candidats-du-bloc-sengagent-a-defendre-la-loi-21/.

Moreover, it has also taken a stance against the CERB, a temporary social program to safeguard Canadian wallets in the context of massive layoffs during the 2020 confinement.https://www.blocquebecois.org/2020/05/14/incitatifs-au-travail-ottawa-doit-respecter-son-engagement/.

Finally, its leader Yves-François Blanchet has also tapped into right-wing populistic rhetoric on Islam during Mr. Alghabra's nomination as Minister for the Federal Government.https://globalnews.ca/news/7574235/bloc-quebecois-omar-alghabra-criticism/

Conclusively, one also has to see where the Bloc is now poised to make gains or lose votes. While progressive, the Bloc was a strong choice throughout Francophone left-wing bastions in Montreal. Not anymore. The Bloc is now a viable option only in ridings where it can compete with the Conservative Party of Canada... — Preceding unsigned comment added by CerebralMTL (talk • contribs) 10:35, 22 March 2021 (UTC)

This looks like, sounds like and smells like WP:OR, find a reliable source (you are not, sadly) calling it a right-wing party. Also, for a right-wing party they sure do love left-wing policies (such as a wealth-tax and green equalization payments https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bloc-québécois-election-platform-1.6149655 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.190.33.254 (talk) 04:04, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

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 * Yves-François Blanchet à l'été 2021 (cropped).png

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Environmentalism
There's an edit war going on regarding the inclusion of "Environmentalism". The included source does not support the claim that environmentalism is part of BQ's ideology; all it supports is that one retired BQ politician suggested in 2011 that the Quebec legislature should look into the safety of asbestos mining. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 18:41, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Per WP:STATUSQUO, it should be restored. You can't argue to remove something, if it's not there. GoodDay (talk) 18:43, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * For infobox ideology, the main ideologies, sourced and to that is widely accepted in sources, community, among political scientists and media, not some original research, unsourced or some personal wishes. This is encyclopedia not some blog. 79.101.140.54 (talk) 18:47, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * So 'now' you come to this talkpage. But only 'after', you believe you've gotten your own way. GoodDay (talk) 18:49, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Either way, You been reported for Edit Warring Chip3004 (talk) 18:51, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Both parties, I would hope. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 18:53, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Please, there is no mine way or so, just to this is not a blog or wish list, it is encyclopedia and I read it often. Just acted when saw it. That is it. 79.101.140.54 (talk) 18:54, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Edit-warring aside, I do not see how environmentalism can be claimed to be a BQ core ideology based on the source provided.--User:Namiba 18:55, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Just wish the IP would've brought his concerns 'here', first. Also, concerned that he's only focusing on this one page. GoodDay (talk) 18:58, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * If people actually took to read what I wrote in my edit summaries no problem, but no, some editors like to collect edits for numbers. I regret now to even wanted to make my edit. 79.101.140.54 (talk) 19:00, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm just not getting through to you, it seems. Not gonna bother trying, anymore. GoodDay (talk) 19:02, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * OK, now that that's over with, let's the rest of us discuss this. Is environmentalism a core tenet of BQ? I've not found much supporting the assertion (other than a ton of mirrors of this article). We do have occasional BQ leader making environmental noises, but nothing suggesting BQ has adopted such a position. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 19:10, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Do what you (plural) want. GoodDay (talk) 19:12, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * To something is included into infobox ideology as a core tenet, needs wide acceptance in reliable sources and academic community. Individual policies are not core ideology. Anyway, I now regret my try to change any, as seems some users not care what is in sources or dont read edit summaries. 79.101.140.54 (talk) 20:07, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * It does not matter as you can still be blocked for edit warring, you have gone past WP:3RR Chip3004 (talk) 20:15, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

I know what is problem here, couple of editors think to this place belong to them, they don't care about edit summaries or anything and they think to they can act as they want probably just to collect number or edits. In that they behave really rude and try to scare new editors with some labels etc. 79.101.140.54 (talk) 20:15, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

 * It does not matter as you can still be blocked for edit warring, you have gone past WP:3RR, The three revert rule applies to all articles. Chip3004 (talk) 20:16, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

 * IP, so far, you've been acting like you own the page & looking at your contribs, you've been exhibiting SPA behaviour. GoodDay (talk) 20:21, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Since no one is defending including environmentalism and the source does not back-up the claim, I am going to remove it and hope the edit-warring is over.--User:Namiba 20:23, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

Seeing as (rightly or wrongly) the IP's goal has been achieved. It appears he's moved on. GoodDay (talk) 21:27, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

Yup, over two weeks now, since his departure. GoodDay (talk) 21:49, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

Quebec seats in infobox
I thought there had been a discussion on this already but I don't see it here, so I'm starting a new one.

The proportion of House of Commons seats only in Quebec should be removed from the infobox, it gives an inaccurate impression of the relative size of the party in the legislature. We don't give a proportion of seats by region or a proportion versus seats contested for any other party, it's always seats held versus the size of the legislative body. Furthermore there is no regional subdivision of the House of Commons whereby the proportion of seats held only in Quebec has any relevance to the legislature at all, other than as an ideology which we describe in the article. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 17:53, 20 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I can't remember when, but there was a discussion either here or (more likely) at WP:CANADA. The consensus was to use the 338 seat model, rather then the 78 seat model. This was based on the fact that the BQ are a federal party, even though they choose to only run candidates in Quebec federal ridings. GoodDay (talk) 20:15, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

I see that there's been some edits about this issue recently. I agree with the previous consensus that including a full column/infobox row on Quebec seats is not a good use of space and potentially misleading. However, since the BQ does only run in Quebec, knowing what proportion of Quebec seats they have won is valuable information. I would propose a note in the infobox and electoral results table in the House of Commons part that says something like "The Bloc only runs candidates in Quebec, which had 75 seats from the 1993 to 2011 elections and 78 seats since the 2015 election". Patar knight - chat/contributions 21:04, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The BQ isn't barred from running candidates across the country. So, I wouldn't bother adding any footnote. GoodDay (talk) 21:07, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I have mixed feelings about this. The only similar example I could think of of a regional interest party contesting seats for a national parliament only within a sub-national region, and which have had significant electoral success within the region represented, is the Scottish National Party, which only runs candidates for the UK parliament in Scotland. That article shows seat totals for the 59 Scottish seats in the UK parliament, not the 650 total seats, and doesn't clarify with a footnote anywhere. There are others like the Bavaria Party but they've never won a seat so which total to use doesn't really matter. My personal opinion remains unchanged that showing the BQ's totals as a proportion of only Quebec seats misrepresents the party's political power, but it's also true that the party has historically had a disproportionate amount of influence for a party that has never held more than 18% of the seats in parliament. I think it would be worthwhile to hold an RFC on this. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 15:28, 28 April 2024 (UTC)
 * There was an RFC on this at WP:CANADA, I believe. GoodDay (talk) 15:33, 28 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I think you mean this discussion? It wasn't an RFC by any means, but it was pretty well unanimous that we should use the total seat count and not the regional count. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 15:56, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bloc Québécois


text:
User talk:Smither

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello Smither, welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for all your contributions. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them: If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!
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—Noldoaran (Talk) 22:45, Dec 9, 2003 (UTC)

Free Space Loss
Hey Smither,

I need your advice. I was editing Link Budget and found a lot in common with your article Free space loss]. I was wondering as to how I could better work the two articles together.  Would it be better for me to simply reference your article [[Free space loss?  Perhaps we can add a table of K and commonly used units in it?  What do you think?

(Talk) Kgrr 16:17, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Lrc-logo.jpg)
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Nomination of Bob Smither for deletion
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title: User talk:Smither


text:
Blue Shift (short story)

"Blue Shift" is the tenth story chronologically to appear in Stephen Baxter's collection of linked stories anthology novel Vacuum Diagrams. "Blue Shift" was originally published in Writers of the Future volume 5 in 1989.

Plot summary
Set in A.D. 5406, the story begins on an Earth that has been occupied by the Qax, an amorphous lifeform that profits from information and technology trade, for four centuries. Jim Bolder, a space pilot on the run from creditors, accepts an assignment from the Qax through a human intermediary to determine just what the Xeelee are constructing at the center of the local supercluster. Bolder is provided with a Xeelee nightfighter that can travel faster than light.

As Bolder in the nightfighter approaches the Great Attractor, he discovers the Xeelee are constructing a massive ring from its matter, which they intend to use to flee the universe itself. The gravity from the ring pulled galaxies from all over the universe, and their light is blue-shifted, hence the title. But the Qax will not allow this information to be released, intending to keep it—and a possible defense against the Xeelee—for their own profit. Bolder dodges the Qax and launches a "starbreaker" that will gradually cause the Qax homeworld's sun to go nova, requiring them to divert their resources from the occupation of Earth, liberating the planet.

title: Blue Shift (short story)


text:
Joan Martí i Alanis

Joan Martí i Alanis (29 November 1928 – 11 October 2009) was a former Bishop of Urgell and hence former co-Prince of Andorra. He was Bishop of Urgell from 1971 to 2003. He was a co-signatory, along with François Mitterrand, of Andorra's new constitution in 1993.

title: Joan Martí i Alanis


text:
John Inman

Frederick John Inman (28 June 1935 – 8 March 2007) was an English actor and singer best known for his role as Mr. Humphries in Are You Being Served?, a British sitcom between 1972 and 1985, and the spin-off series Grace and Favour. He was the only actor from those series to reprise the role when an Australian version was launched.

In 1976, Inman was named both BBC TV Personality of the Year and TV Times readers' Funniest Man on Television. He was also a well-known character actor in the United Kingdom as a pantomime dame.

Early life
Inman was born in June 1935 in Preston, Lancashire, and was often said to be a cousin of actress Josephine Tewson, though she denied they were related. (They did, however, play half-siblings in the 1977 sitcom Odd Man Out). At the age of 12, Inman moved with his parents to Blackpool where his mother ran a boarding house, while his father owned a hairdressing business. As a child, he enjoyed dressmaking. He was educated at Cambridge House in Preston, and then a secondary modern school. Inman always wanted to be an actor, and his parents paid for him to have elocution lessons at the local church hall.

At the age of 13, he made his stage debut in the Pavilion on Blackpool's South Pier, in a melodrama entitled Freda. Aged 15, he took a job at the pier, making tea, clearing up and playing parts in plays.

After leaving school, Inman worked for two years at Fox's, a gentlemen's outfitters in Blackpool, specialising in window dressing. Aged 17, he moved to London to join retailer Austin Reed in Regent Street. Four years later, he left Austin Reed to become a scenic artist with Kenneth Kendall's touring company at a theatre in Crewe, so that he could earn his Equity Card, required at the time for professional actors.

Theatre career
Inman made his West End debut in the 1960s when he appeared in Ann Veronica at the Cambridge Theatre. He appeared as the pop singer Willie in Dennis Spencer's What a Racket at Manchester's Palace Theatre in December 1963 and appeared in Paula Stone's How Now Brown Cow at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, in late 1965. By 1975, his television fame was such that he was also a starring attraction in the long-running Let's Get Laid at London's Windmill Theatre. The same year he appeared in Salad Days at the Windmill, and as Lord Fancourt Babberley in Charley's Aunt at the Adelphi Theatre in 1979.

During the sixties, Inman won a reputation alongside Barry Howard as one of the most celebrated Ugly Sister acts in pantomime and throughout later years established himself as one of the country's best-loved dames in such familiar pantomimes as Mother Goose, Babes in the Wood, Aladdin and Jack and the Beanstalk. His other stage appearances included many summer shows and his own show, Fancy Free, and Pyjama Tops, My Fat Friend and Bedside Manners.

Television and film career
Inman made his television debut in 1965 in the sitcom A Slight Case Of... titled The Enemy Within. In 1966, he appeared in two episodes of the BBC sitcom Hugh and I. In 1970, he acted in one episode of the ITV sitcom Two in Clover. In 1972, he was asked by David Croft to play a part in a Comedy Playhouse pilot called Are You Being Served?. This was a sitcom set in a department store, written by Croft with Jeremy Lloyd, and based on the latter's experiences working at Simpsons of Piccadilly. Playing a minor role with only a few lines, he was soon asked to "camp it up", despite initial reluctance from the BBC to include such a camp character. The pilot was broadcast in September 1972. The broadcast was followed by the five episodes of the first series in early 1973. The first series was scheduled opposite Coronation Street on ITV and attracted little attention, though repeats later that year proved very successful.

Inman played the sharp-tongued sales assistant Mr Wilberforce Claybourne Humphries and his earlier career in the clothes retail business was good preparation for this role in a menswear department. Inman developed a characteristic limp-wristed mincing walk, and a high-pitched catchphrase, "I'm free!", which soon entered popular culture. Inman reported that four or five members of the group Campaign for Homosexual Equality picketed one of his shows in protest as they believed his persona did not help their cause. Inman said: "They thought I was over exaggerating the gay character. But I don't think I do. In fact there are people far more camp than Mr. Humphries walking around this country. Anyway, I know for a fact that an enormous number of viewers like Mr Humphries don't really care whether he's camp or not. So far from doing harm to the homosexual image, I feel I might be doing some good." Both Inman and David Croft stated that the character was "just a mother's boy", and that his sexual orientation was never explicitly stated. Inman continued to play in live shows after his success as Mr Humphries, and began to incorporate camp mannerisms to those performances too, once saying "Even when I'm not playing Mr Humphries, say at a summer season, I camp it up a bit. If I don't the audience are disappointed."

Are You Being Served? ran for 10 series until 1985. At its peak in 1979 it attracted British audiences of 22 million viewers while Inman's portrayal of Mr Humphries made him a household name. The series also became popular in the United States, where Inman became a gay cultural icon. Once, in San Francisco, a passing cyclist spotted Inman and fell off his bicycle in surprise, crying "Mr Humphries, I love you!"

Between 1975 and 1977, DJM Records released five singles by Inman, usually in character as Mr Humphries. "Are You Being Served, Sir?" reached number 39 in the UK singles chart. He released an LP of the same name, and two further albums: I'm Free in 1977 and With a Bit of Brass in 1978. His single "Teddy Bears' Picnic" was regularly playlisted on BBC Radio 1/2 Saturday morning children's show Ed Stewart's Junior Choice in the late 1970s and included on the show's official BBC soundtrack album.

From 1980 to 1981, Inman also played Mr Humphries in the Australian version of Are You Being Served?, the only cast member of the original British series to do so. He made many appearances on BBC TV's long-running television show, The Good Old Days. During the 69-episode, 13-year run of Are You Being Served?, Inman also appeared in the 1977 film of the series, in which the characters visited the fictional Spanish holiday resort of "Costa Plonka." In Odd Man Out (1977), his own sitcom, Inman played the owner of a fish and chip shop who inherits half of a rock factory; and Take a Letter, Mr. Jones (1981), a sitcom in which Inman played Graham Jones, who is secretary to Rula Lenska's character Joan Warner.

He made a cameo appearance in the film The Tall Guy (1989), and was one of five of the Are You Being Served? cast to be reunited in character for the sitcom Grace & Favour (titled Are You Being Served? Again! in the United States), which ran for twelve episodes in 1992 and 1993. Inman had a small part as Lady Capulet in the film Shakespeare in Love (1998) and appeared in the 1999 French and Saunders Christmas special. He appeared as Father Chinwag in the film The Mumbo Jumbo (2000).

Later years, illness and death
Inman toured Australia, starring in a number of productions including Bedside Manners (2003) and a revival of Are You Being Served? (2001) as a stage show at Twelfth Night Theatre, Brisbane. In 2004, he made additional television appearances in Doctors and Revolver.

Inman suffered from poor health in his later years. He was hospitalised with bronchitis in 1993, and collapsed on stage in 1995. He was admitted to Paddington's St Mary's Hospital in 2001 after suffering breathing difficulties and spent three days in intensive care.

In December 2004, Inman was forced to cancel an appearance in a pantomime as he was suffering from a hepatitis A infection, contracted from contaminated food.

Inman died early in the morning of 8 March 2007, aged 71, at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, of an infection. His body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium after a funeral on 23 March 2007.

Personal life
For some thirty years, Inman lived in a mews house in Little Venice, Westminster. On 23 December 2005, at the Westminster register office, he entered into a civil partnership with his partner of 33 years, Ron Lynch. In his will, he left nearly all of his estate, valued at more than £2.8 million, to Lynch.

title: John Inman


text:
Melvin Parker

Melvin Parker (June 7, 1944 – December 3, 2021) was an American drummer. He and his brother, saxophonist Maceo Parker, were key members of James Brown's band.

Life and career
Parker was born in Kinston, North Carolina on June 7, 1944. His drumming style was a major ingredient in Brown's funk music innovations in the 1960s. In 1964 and 1965 Parker was the drummer on three of Brown's recordings: "Out of Sight," "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag," and "I Got You (I Feel Good)."

"The greatest drummer I ever had in my life was Melvin Parker," Brown reflected in 2004. "'I Feel Good', 'Papa's Bag' (sic) – nobody ever did that. Nobody. And they can't do it now. And if I was getting ready to cut a record that was right, I would go get Melvin today, because he's just like a metronome."

Parker's first association with Brown ended when he was drafted in the mid-1960s. He was replaced in the band by Clyde Stubblefield and Jabo Starks. Parker rejoined Brown's band in 1969, and appeared on the album Sex Machine.

In 1970, Parker was part of a mutiny by Brown's band. After leaving Brown, Parker joined his brother Maceo's band, Maceo & All the King's Men. He rejoined Brown briefly in 1976, and played on the hit "Get Up Offa That Thing".

title: Melvin Parker


text:
Paul Simon (politician)

Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 – December 9, 2003) was an American author and politician from Illinois. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985 and in the United States Senate from 1985 to 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, he unsuccessfully ran for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination.

After his political career, he founded the Public Policy Institute at Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, Illinois, which was later named for him. There he taught classes on politics, history and journalism.

Simon was famous for his distinctive bowtie and horn-rimmed glasses.

Early life and career
Simon was born in Eugene, Oregon on November 29, 1928. He was the son of Martin Paul Simon, a Lutheran minister and missionary to China, and Ruth Lilly (née Tolzmann) Simon, a Lutheran missionary as well. His family was of German descent.

Simon attended Concordia University, a Lutheran school in Portland. He later attended the University of Oregon and Dana College in Blair, Nebraska, but never graduated.

After meeting with local Lions Club members, he borrowed $3,600 to take over the defunct Troy Call newspaper in 1948, becoming the nation's youngest editor-publisher, of the renamed Troy Tribune in Troy, Illinois, and eventually built a chain of 14 weekly newspapers. His activism against gambling, prostitution, and government corruption while at the Troy Tribune influenced the newly elected governor, Adlai Stevenson II, to take a stand on these issues, creating national exposure for Simon that later resulted in his testifying before the Kefauver Commission.

In May 1951, Simon left his newspaper and enlisted in the United States Army. Simon served in West Germany during the Korean War. Assigned to the Counterintelligence Corps, he attained the rank of private first class and was discharged in June 1953.

State political career
Upon his discharge, Simon was elected to and began his political career in the Illinois House of Representatives. As a state representative, Simon was an advocate for civil rights, and once hosted an event attended by former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. After a primary debate with two other candidates, a newspaper account of a debate stated "the man with the bowtie did well," and he adopted his trademark bowtie and horned glasses.

In 1963, Simon was elected to the Illinois State Senate, serving until 1969. In the State Senate, Simon was part of a group of anti-machine liberal reformers called the "Kosher Nostra" that also included Anthony Scariano, Abner Mikva, and Robert E. Mann.

In 1968, Simon was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. As a Democrat, he served with Republican Governor, Richard B. Ogilvie. Their bipartisan teamwork produced the state's first income tax and paved the way for the state's 1969 constitutional convention, which created the fourth and current Illinois Constitution. The Ogilvie-Simon administration was the only one in Illinois history in which the elected governor and lieutenant governor were from different political parties: The Illinois constitution now pairs the offices as running mates on a ticket.

In 1972, Simon ran for the Democratic nomination for governor. Despite his longtime reputation as a political reformer, he was supported by the Cook County Democratic machine, led by Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley. Nevertheless, Simon lost to Dan Walker, who went on to win the general election.

Out of office
In the years between his gubernatorial defeat and political comeback, Simon taught at Sangamon State University, where he started the Public Affairs Reporting master's degree program, and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

US House of Representatives
Simon resumed his political career in 1974 when he was elected to Congress from Illinois's 24th congressional district, defeating former Harrisburg mayor Val Oshel. He was re-elected four times. He was later redistricted to Illinois's 22nd congressional district.

In 1978, Simon was the first recipient of the Foreign Language Advocacy Award, presented by the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages in recognition of his service on the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies and his support for language study.

According to the New York Times, Simon was never particularly popular with his House colleagues.

US Senate
In 1984, he ran for, and was elected to the US Senate, defeating three-term incumbent Charles H. Percy in an upset election, winning 50% of the vote.

He won re-election to the U.S. Senate in 1990 by defeating U.S. Representative Lynn Morley Martin with 65%, compared to Martin's 35%. While serving in the Senate, he co-authored an unsuccessful Balanced Budget Amendment with Republican Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah. Simon gained national prominence after criticizing President George H. W. Bush during the 1992 presidential campaign, after Bush claimed a central role in causing the collapse of the Eastern bloc of the Soviet Union. During a speech at Chicago's Taste of Polonia, Bush had aggressively promoted the success of his own presidency and his importance as Vice President in the Reagan administration's role in Eastern Europe. This was an attempt by Bush to carry Chicago's Polish community in order to win Illinois during the election. Bush's claims were roundly denounced by Simon, and Bush eventually lost the state in the general election, possibly due to Simon's remarks. Simon did not seek reelection in 1996.

Presidential campaign

Simon sought the Democratic nomination for President in 1988. Mostly unknown outside of Illinois and in low single digits in national polls after his March 1987 announcement, Simon made a name for himself as the oldest, some thought most old-fashioned, candidate, with horn rimmed glasses and bow tie, and one who proudly associated himself with the New Deal liberalism associated with Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman.

Simon surged ahead in Iowa in October, and was, by December, the clear front-runner in that state. However, in February 1988, Simon narrowly lost the Iowa caucus to Representative Dick Gephardt of Missouri, and finished third in the New Hampshire primary the following week, with weak showings in Minnesota and South Dakota a week later. Out of money and momentum, Simon largely skipped the key Southern "Super Tuesday" primaries on March 8, concentrating on his home state a week later, where key local Democrats were running as Simon delegates on the delegate selection ballot, and wanted to attend the Democratic National Convention regardless of Simon's slim chance of winning the nomination. Simon won the Illinois primary, and decided to make a final effort in the Wisconsin Primary in early April, but dropped out after he finished behind Governor of Massachusetts Michael Dukakis, Reverend Jesse Jackson, and Tennessee Senator Albert Gore. Simon endorsed Dukakis, who won the Democratic nomination in July, with Jackson the last active challenger.

To boost his campaign, Simon made an appearance on Saturday Night Live (SNL), co-hosting with musician Paul Simon (to whom he was not related).

Social issues
Simon was fiercely against obscenity and violence in the media during the 1990s, and his efforts against media violence helped lead to the adoption of the V-chip.

During the 1990s, Simon opposed both the Republicans' Contract with America, and President Bill Clinton's welfare reforms. He was one of 21 Senators to vote against the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. In 1996, Simon joined thirteen other senators (including his fellow U.S. Senator from Illinois, Carol Moseley Braun) in voting against the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited federal recognition of same-sex marriage.

Fiscal issues
Simon was considered a fiscal conservative, who described himself as "a pay-as-you-go Democrat." As a senator, Simon helped overhaul the college student loan program to allow students and their families to borrow directly from the federal government, thus saving money by not using private banks to disburse the loans.

Foreign affairs
Simon promoted a military response to Somalia during the presidency of George H. W. Bush. Simon was an outspoken critic of President Bill Clinton's response to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Simon believed that America should have acted faster, and Clinton later said his belated response was the biggest mistake of his presidency. He is, together with Jim Jeffords, supported by Canadian Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire, Force Commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda from 1993 to 1994, for actively lobbying the Clinton administration into mounting a humanitarian mission to Rwanda during the genocide. According to Dallaire's book Shake Hands with the Devil, he "owe[s] a great debt of gratitude" to both senators.

Presidency
Simon believed modern presidents practice "followership," rather than leadership, saying, "We have been more and more leaning on opinion polls to decide what we're going to do, and you don't get leadership from polls... and not just at the Presidential level. It's happening with Senators, House members, and even state legislators sometimes, [when they] conduct polls to find out where people stand on something."

Simon was also a supporter of Taiwan and opposed United States policy to isolate Taiwan. He helped convince President Clinton to allow Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui to visit the United States. He also was impressed as a teen listening to Mme Chiang Kai-shek speech and met her at the 50th Anniversary of World War II reception at Capitol Hill in 1995.

Education
Simon rose to national attention in the 1960s, due in part to his well-researched book, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years. Despite being published 100 years after Abraham Lincoln's death, it was the first book to exhaustively cite original source documents from Lincoln's eight years in the General Assembly. He later went on to write more than 20 books on a wide range of topics, including interfaith marriages (he was a Lutheran and his wife, Jeanne, was a Catholic), global water shortages, United States Supreme Court nomination battles that focused heavily on his personal experiences with Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas, his autobiography, and even a well-received book on martyred abolitionist publisher Elijah Lovejoy. His final book, Our Culture of Pandering, was published in October 2003, two months before his death.

After his primary defeat for governor in 1972, Simon founded the Public Affairs Reporting graduate program at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois, which helped launch the careers of more than 500 journalists. Simon, who had written four books at the time, also taught a course titled "Non-Fiction Magazine and Book Writing" at Sangamon State, and also taught at the John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1973.

Simon lived for many years in the small town of Makanda, Illinois, south of Carbondale, where he was a professor and director of the SIU Public Policy Institute. While there, he tried to foster the institute into becoming a think tank that could advance the lives of all people. Activities included going to Liberia and Croatia to monitor their elections, bringing major speakers to campus, denouncing the death penalty, trying to end the United States embargo against Cuba, fostering political courage among his students, promoting an amendment to the United States Constitution to end the electoral college, and attempting to limit the president to a single six-year term of office. During the electoral college fiasco that followed the 2000 election, Simon said: "I think if somebody gets the majority vote, they should be president. But, I don't think the system is going to be changed."

Family
Simon was the brother of Arthur Simon, founder of Bread for the World.

On April 21, 1960, Simon married Jeanne Hurley Simon, a member of the Illinois state legislature. It was the first time in Illinois history that two sitting members of the Illinois General Assembly married. She was an integral part of her husband's rise to national prominence. She later became a successful lawyer, author, and chair of National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. She died in February 2000 of brain cancer. Upon her death, Illinois Senator Dick Durbin delivered a tribute to Mrs. Simon on the senate floor. Their daughter, Sheila Simon, became the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in January, 2011. She previously served as a councilwoman in Carbondale, Illinois and was a law professor at Southern Illinois University.

Simon made a brief cameo appearance as himself in the 1993 political comedy film Dave.

In May 2001, Simon remarried to Patricia Derge, the widow of former Southern Illinois University President David Derge.

Culture
Simon appeared on Saturday Night Live with host and singer Paul Simon (no relation) on December 19, 1987. Also on SNL, Simon was played by Al Franken who would later become a senator himself.

Awards
In 1996 Simon was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership.

Paul Simon was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the state's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 1998 in the area of Government.

In 1999, Simon received The Lincoln Forum's Richard Nelson Current Award of Achievement.

Death and aftermath
Simon died in Springfield, Illinois, on December 9, 2003, at the age of 75 following heart surgery. WBBM-TV reported his death as a "massive gastric blow-out." Just four days before, despite being hospitalized and awaiting surgery, he had endorsed Howard Dean's 2004 presidential bid via a telephone conference call he conducted from his hospital bed. He was also an early supporter of Barack Obama's 2004 bid for Senate. After Simon's death, his daughter, Sheila, made a television commercial in which she declared "Barack Obama will be a U.S. Senator in the Paul Simon tradition." The ad was considered a major reason for Obama's surprise victory in the Democratic primary. In the Senate, Obama praised Simon as a "dear friend."

In July 2005, the Paul Simon Historical Museum was opened in Troy, Illinois, where Simon lived for 25 years. It included memorabilia from throughout his life, including the desk and camera from his days as a young editor of the Troy Tribune, items from his presidential campaign, and his lieutenant governor license plates. The museum closed in June 2012, due to lack of funding. Paul Simon Chicago Job Corps is a government funding school in which was named after him. PSCJC is located in the city of Chicago in Little Village on South Kedzie Ave and is available to people between the ages of 16–24 who are looking to better themselves and create a positive future for themselves.

title: Paul Simon (politician)


text:
Mobile Information Device Profile

Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is a specification published for the use of Java on embedded devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. MIDP is part of the Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) framework and sits on top of Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC), a set of lower level programming interfaces. MIDP was developed under the Java Community Process. The first MIDP devices were launched in April 2001.

General APIs
The core application programming interfaces are defined by the underlying Connected Limited Device Configuration system.

javax.microedition.io
Contains the Java ME-specific classes used for I/O operations.

javax.microedition.lcdui
Contains the Java ME-specific classes used for the GUI.

LCDUI has a simple screen based approach where a single Displayable is always active at anyone time in the application user interface. LCDUI API provides a small set of displayables common in mobile device user interfaces: List, Alert, TextBox, Form and Canvas. For all displayables the device MIDP implementation has control over the presentation and layout of the displayable. Canvas is a low-level graphics surface for which an application has full control over what is rendered to it, although normally some space is reserved for system areas like screen title and indicators common in mobile device UIs. Since MIDP 2.0, Canvas also supports a full-screen mode that allows use of full screen graphics, which is especially useful for games.

LCDUI also has a quite unique approach of abstract operations, called Commands. The placement of commands added to a displayable is completely up to the device implementation of this toolkit. The application programmer uses API specified command types to indicate the usage or purpose of the command in an application user interface. Common types are BACK, EXIT, ITEM, SCREEN. The idea of the command abstraction is to make applications more portable across various mobile devices. Application developers should use the command types properly to indicate the purpose of an operation, and device implementation then places the operation to the common location for a given type in a device's specific user interface style. This may be e.g. a specific key, like "a back navigation key" for BACK commands or a button on screen.

LCDUI acronym
The acronym LCDUI was actually an in-house joke within the JCP Expert Group. Though undefined in the MIDP specifications, it denotes Limited Capability Device User Interface. (The joke was that no one else really knew what it stood for). Later, the book Programming Wireless Devices with the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition gave this as the definition.

Other common pseudo-definitions have appeared. "Liquid Crystal Display User Interface" would reflect the fact that mobile phones normally use LCDs; however, the API is not specifically tailored to this particular display technology. It is also said that "LCD UI" stands for "lowest common denominator" due to the fact the specific UI has the simplest possible design.

javax.microedition.rms
The Record Management System provides a form of persistent storage for Java ME; a database for the mobile device.

javax.microedition.midlet
Contains the base classes for Java ME applications, and allows applications to be notified of changes to their state.

Optional JSRs
The following Java Specification Requests are a selection of the optional JSRs which can be added on top of a MIDP implementation to add extra functionalities. As optional JSRs there is no guarantee that a MIDP handset will implement such APIs.

javax.microedition.messaging
Wireless messaging API (optional), for sending SMS and MMS messages.

javax.microedition.pim
Personal information management API (optional), access the device's Address Book, to-do List, Calendar.

javax.microedition.io.file
The File Connection Optional Package (FCOP) is one of two optional packages defined by JSR 75 through the Java Community Process. The FileConnection API specified in JSR 75 gives access to the local file systems on devices like PDA. In order to overcome security issues MIDlet needs to include requested file permission in its JAD file under MIDLet-Permission property.

Development tools
There are several different ways to create MIDP applications: code can be written in a plain text editor, or one can use a more advanced IDE such as NetBeans, IntelliJ (with bundled Java ME plugin), or Eclipse (with plugins such as EclipseME) which has a user interface for graphically laying out any forms you create, as well as providing many other advanced features not available in a simple text editor.

Limitations of MIDP 1.0

 * MIDP 1.0 has no active rendering APIs
 * MIDP 1.0 has no support for direct access to image pixels (RGB data)
 * MIDP 1.0 has no support for full screen mode
 * MIDP 1.0 has no support for audio.
 * MIDP 1.0 requires only HTTP support.
 * MIDP 1.0 cannot query key status (although key events are supported)
 * The specifications are not always clear, leading to differences in implementations.

Some limitations may be avoided by using a vendor-specific API or MIDP 2.0, which reduces the portability of the application.

History
MIDP was developed under the Java Community Process.

 * MIDP 1.0 (JSR 37) - Approved on September 19, 2000
 * MIDP 2.0 (JSR 118) - Approved on November 20, 2002
 * MIDP 3.0 (JSR 271) - Approved on December 9, 2009

MIDP was succeeded by ME Embedded Profile as of Java ME 8.

title: Mobile Information Device Profile


text:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell

The Diocese of Urgell (Diœcesis Urgellensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Catalonia (Spain) and Andorra in the historical County of Urgell, with origins in the fifth century AD or possibly earlier. It is based in the region of the historical Catalan County of Urgell, though it has different borders. The seat and Cathedral of the bishop are situated in la Seu d'Urgell town. The state of Andorra is a part of this diocese.

Among its most notable events are Bishop Felix's adoptionist revolt, the coup of Bishop Esclua and the overthrowing of the bishop by members of aristocratic families (namely Salla i Ermengol del Conflent, Eribau i Folcs dels Cardona, Guillem Guifré de Cerdanya and Ot de Pallars) between the years 981 and 1122.

Also important is the diocese's patronage of Andorra, with the bishop holding the role of ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra jointly with the President of France (and formerly, the King of France or King/Emperor of the French). Andorra was ceded to the Bishop of Urgell by the Count Ermengol VI of Urgell in 1133.

Description of the diocesan territory
The Catholic Church controls the metropolitan church of Tarragona, with its see or capital of the Seu d'Urgell (Urgell See). It contains 7630 km2 and a population of 200,761 according to the 2000 census and is the largest bishopric of the eight that have a see in Catalonia. In contrast, it is the most sparsely populated. The diocese borders the bishoprics of Vic, Solsona, Lleida, Barbastro-Monzón, Toulouse, Pamiers and Perpignan. It has been deeply linked for many years to the regions that constituted the counties of Urgell, Pallars and Cerdanya during the Middle Ages, with which it identifies and forms a historical and geographic unit maintained up to the present day. The diocese totally or partially occupies the Ripollès, Cerdanya, Alt Urgell, Segarra, Urgell, Pla d'Urgell, Noguera, Pallars Jussà, Pallars Sobirà, Alta Ribagorça, Andorra, and the Vall d'Aran regions.

The bishopric's jurisdiction extends to 408 parishes, although today some have a very reduced population. Almost all of the parishes come from distant times, as the very titular saints of their churches. The most common are Saint Mary (in 90 parochial churches, as well as the cathedral), Saint Peter (35), Saint Martin (29), Saint Saturninus (24), Saint Steven (23), Saint Michael (19), Saint Andrew (17), Saint Julian (12), Saint Eulalia (11), Saint Vincent and Saint Felix (10). Many churches of the bishopric, parochial or not, conserve elements of great architectural interest, and thirty-six of them are considered cultural goods of national interest in Spain.

Amongst all Catalan bishoprics, the Diocese of Urgell has been that which has experienced the most border-related changes throughout its existence, mainly for political reasons: the loss of Ribagorça (9th century), to the benefit of the Diocese of Roda, and the cession of 144 parishes of the Berguedà, the Solsonès and a part of the Segarra, to the benefit of the new diocese of Solsona (1593-1623); later, it was necessary to adapt the territory to the borders between states, and thus in 1803, the 24 parishes of French Cerdagne, which had been ceded to France from the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, also passed ecclesiastically to that country; and in 1804, the 28 from the Aran Valley, a territory circumscribed by France yet united fully to the Catalan-Aragonese territories at least since the 12th century, were annexed to the diocese of Urgell, coming from the eliminated Gascon diocese of Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges. In 1874 the sixty-odd towns that formed the erstwhile exempt jurisdictions of Gerri de la Sal, Mur, Montodó-Bonrepòs, the order of Saint John of Jerusalem and Meià were annexed to the diocese. Finally, in 1956, the diocese gained the seven parishes of the Artesa de Segre enclave and gave up the 19 of the Franja de Ponent [Western Strip] to Lleida and Barbastre, grouped into three enclaves.

Origin of the Urgell diocese
The diocese, without excluding the possibility of a more remote origin, was already constituted at the beginning of the 6th century. The first known bishop, Saint Justus, figures among the participants of the councils of Toledo (531), Lleida and Valencia (546). His successors also took part regularly in the Toledo councils celebrated throughout the 7th century. The Episcopal succession, despite the uncertainty of names and chronology, seems to not be interrupted by the Saracen invasion of 714.

Monasticism must have been introduced into the diocese during the Visigothic period. The monasteries of Tavèrnoles, Gerri, Codinet, and Tresponts are probably anterior to the Saracen invasion. These foundations and the later ones--la Vedella, Elins, Bagà, la Portella, les Maleses, Villanega, Oveix, Bellera, el Burgal, Lavaix, Alaó, Escales, Ovarra, Taverna, Gualter, etc.—often adopted the Benedictine observance from the 9th century on, following the example of the majority of the coenobitic monasteries then extant in the Marca Hispanica. This became the norm for monastic life in the following century. These monasteries, alongside the parochial and canonical organization (the Urgell Diocese, Solsona, Cardona, Organyà, Ponts, Ager, Mur, Tremp) would greatly influence the Christianization of the country and its human, cultural and economic development.

The canonical monasteries derived into colleges as a result of their secularization (1592), and due to their corruption, the 1851 concord eliminated them, along with the other preexisting ones (Castellbò, Guissona, Balaguer). Mur and Àger were without a doubt the most famous Catalan canonical colleges, exempt from episcopal jurisdiction

Early Middle Ages
On the first decade of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, Berber troops set up garrisons on the northernmost hilly regions and towns. Uthman ibn Naissa settled down in Cerdanya, killed the bishop of Urgell, and rebelled against central Cordovan rule in 730. The Berber lord was killed in 731, and the region subdued by Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi.

During the episcopacy of the Bishop Felix (781–799), who was accused of adoptionism by the Carolingian theologians and for this motive deposed and confined to Lyon, the city of Urgell and its church were completely destroyed by the Arabs around 793. With the founding of the Marca Hispanica, the diocese, like the others recently restored, became part of the ecclesiastical province of Narbonne until the recreation of the metropolitan see of Tarragona in 1091. The Frankish kings intervened effectively in the country's reconstruction, promoting the Reconquest laying the foundations of its government. The territory now being free, mainly, from the Moors' power, with the help of the first Catalan Counts, they promoted the construction of a new cathedral, completed in the second part of the 9th century, to which were assigned 289 towns or villages — all the northwestern area of the Pyrenees.

At the same time, the Urgell church, ruled for more than two centuries (914-1122) by members of the Counts' families, fully entered the ring of the feudal system, which allowed it to shape for itself an extensive seigniorial patrimony, which among other cities and territories included the city of Urgell, the valleys of Andorra, the Vall de la Llosa, the Vall d'Arques and the Ribera Salada, the villages of Sanaüja, Guissona, and, from 1257 onwards, Tremp. This, however, forced it into a certain dependence on the superior power of the Counts. Also, the Gregorian Reform, introduced to the County of Urgell during the last years of the 11th century, preceded by the change of the Visigothic rite for the Roman rite, reduced those interventions of the laymen in ecclesiastical affairs and achieved the complete freedom of the Church in the spiritual and temporal domains. Moreover, the maintenance of those possessions originated constant tension and fighting throughout the Middle Ages with the Viscounts of Castellbó and his heirs, the Counts of Foix.

List of Bishops of Urgell
1 During a sede vacante.

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell


text:
Steinberg Cubase

Cubase is a digital audio workstation (DAW) developed by Steinberg for music and MIDI recording, arranging and editing. The first version, which was originally only a MIDI sequencer and ran on the Atari ST computer, was released in 1989. Cut-down versions of Cubase are included with almost all Yamaha audio and MIDI hardware, as well as hardware from other manufacturers. These versions can be upgraded to a more advanced version at a discount.

Operation
Cubase can be used to edit and sequence audio signals coming from an external sound source and MIDI, and can host VST instruments and effects. It has a number of features designed to aid in composition, such as:
 * Chord Tracks: Helps the user keep track of chord changes, and can optionally be used to harmonize audio and MIDI tracks automatically, as well as trigger arpeggios and chords with basic voicings or voicings for piano and guitar. Chords can be either entered manually or detected automatically.
 * Expression Maps: Adds a lane to the Key Editor (Cubase's piano roll) that allows the user to define changes to the instrument's articulations and dynamics.
 * Note Expression: Allows MIDI controllers such as pitch bend, volume, pan, and filters to be applied only to the selected notes. This overcomes one of the limitations of MIDI, where such controllers normally affect the entire channel (For example, all notes of a chord are equally affected by a pitch bend message).
 * Key Editor Inspector: Provides precise control over chord drawing, chord inversions, quantization, transpositions, scale correction, note lengths, and legato. Changes can be applied either to only the selected notes or the entire MIDI part being edited.
 * Audio Warp Quantize: Create warp markers straight from hitpoints, both single audio loops as well as the entire arrangement can be non-destructively quantized.

MIDI parts can be edited using a piano roll, a dedicated drum editor, a score editor, or as a filterable complete list of MIDI events.

The user can also mix the various tracks down into a stereo .wav file ready to be burned to a compact disc (CD) in Red Book format, or .mp3 burned to CD or DVD as files, or to be published on the Web.

VST instruments
Cubase VST 3.7 in 1999 introduced a virtual instrument interface for software synthesizers known as VSTi. This made it possible for third-party software programmers to create and sell virtual instruments for Cubase. This technology has become a de facto standard for other DAW software, when integrating software based instruments on the Macintosh and Windows platforms. A new version of VST, VST3, was introduced with Steinberg's Cubase 4 which introduced improved handling of automation and audio output, native sidechaining, and many other features. Cubase 6 included VSTs such as HALion Sonic SE, Groove Agent ONE, LoopMash 2 and VST Amp Rack.

Editions
When Cubase 6 was released in 2011, Steinberg introduced 5 different editions for different levels of use. From highest to lowest they are: Cubase (now known as Cubase Pro), Cubase Artist, Cubase Elements, Cubase AI and Cubase LE. They have all been updated as new versions come out. While they all run on the same audio engine, the lower tiers have limits on the number of certain types of tracks. The number of audio tracks allowed in Cubase Pro is unlimited, Artist: 64, Elements: 48, AI: 32, LE: 16.

History
Cubase has existed in three main incarnations. Initially Cubase, which featured only MIDI, and which was available on the Atari ST, Macintosh and Windows.

After a brief period with audio integration, the next version, Cubase VST, featured fully integrated audio recording and mixing along with effects. It added Virtual Studio Technology (VST) support, a standard for audio plug-ins, which led to a plethora of third-party effects, both freeware and commercial. Cubase VST was only for Macintosh and Windows; Atari support had been effectively dropped by this time, despite such hardware still being a mainstay in many studios. Cubase VST was offering a tremendous amount of power to the home user, but computer hardware took some time to catch up. By the time it did, VST's audio editing ability was found to be lacking, when compared with competitors such as Pro Tools DAE and Digital Performer MAS.

To address this, a new version of the program, Cubase SX (based on Steinberg's flagship post-production software Nuendo) was introduced, which dramatically altered the way the program ran. This version required much relearning for users of older Cubase versions. However, once the new methods of working were learned, the improvements in handling of audio and automation made for a more professional sequencer and audio editor.

A notable improvement with the introduction of Cubase SX was the advanced audio editing, especially the ability to 'undo' audio edits. Early versions of Cubase VST did not have this ability. Cubase SX also featured real-time time-stretching and adjustment of audio tempo, much like Sonic Foundry's ground-breaking ACID.

In January 2003, Steinberg was acquired by Pinnacle Systems, within which it operated as an independent company before being sold to Yamaha Corporation in December, 2004.

In September 2006 Steinberg announced Cubase 4 - the successor to Cubase SX3. Notable new features include 'control room', a feature designed to help create monitor mixes, and a new set of VST3 plug-ins and instruments.

There are also lighter economic alternatives by Steinberg, originally named Cubasis, later becoming Cubase SE and then Cubase Essential at version 4. For its sixth generation, the program was renamed Cubase Elements 6. The name change was done presumably, because its rival Cakewalk had taken the Essential branding for its own entry-level DAW software, Sonar X1 Essential.

While the full version of Cubase features unlimited audio and MIDI tracks, lesser versions have limits. For instance, Cubase Elements 6 has a maximum of 48 audio track and 64 MIDI tracks and Cubase Artist 6 offer 64 audio and 128 MIDI tracks.

In 2013, Steinberg introduced Cubasis for iPad, a Cubase for iOS. This version was a full rewrite and supports MIDI and audio tracks, audiobus and virtual MIDI to work with external music apps from the first versions. In 2016, Cubasis 2 was released as a free update with new features such as real-time time-stretching, pitch-shifting for changing the key, a "channel strip" effects suite, and new plug-ins and sounds. In 2017, Steinberg received the MIPA (Musikmesse International Press Award) for Cubasis 2 in the Mobile Music App category at the Musikmesse in Frankfurt.

In late 2019, Cubasis 3 followed as a new app and included group tracks, a "Master Strip" effects suite, a revamped MediaBay, more effects and many more features in addition to iPhone support. In mid-2020, Cubasis 3 was released for Android tablets and smartphones.

Notable users
Some notable users include: • Abel Korzeniowski

•

• Alan Parsons

•

• Alan Silvestri

• Aleksandr Zatsepin

• Amon Tobin

• Avicii

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• Ben Bartlett

•

• Ben Prunty

•

• Benjamin Wallfisch

• Boris Brejcha

•

• Brian Tyler

•

• Bruno Bizarro

•

• Celldweller

•

• Christopher Lennertz

•

• Christopher Young

•

• Chromeo

•

• Chvrches

•

• Cirkut

•

• Clarence Jey

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• David Kahne

•

• Deadmau5

•

• Delphic

•

• Don Diablo

•

• Edwin Wendler

• Galimatias

•

• Gary Paczosa

•

• Gerard Marino

•

• The Glitch Mob

•

• Graeme Norgate

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• Grant Kirkhope

• Guy Michelmore

•

• Hans Zimmer

•

• Hardwell

•

• Harry Gregson-Williams

•

• Hildur Guðnadóttir

•

• Ian Kirkpatrick

•

• Infected Mushroom

•

• Inon Zur

•

• Jack Wall

•

• Jake Gosling

•

• James Hannigan

•

• James Newton Howard

•

• Jason Graves

•

• Jesper Kyd

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• Joel Wanasek

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• Joey Sturgis

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• Jóhann Jóhannsson

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• Justice

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• Junkie XL

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• Kim Namjoon

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• Koen Heldens

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• Kraftwerk

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• Kris Menace

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• Ladytron

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• Loney Dear

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• Lorne Balfe

• Manuel De Peppe

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• Marillion

• Mark Sherry

•

• Martin Solveig

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• Maya Jane Coles

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• Michael Hunter

• Michael Wagener

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• Milind Date

• The Mission (UK)

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• Nathan Grigg

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• New Order

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• Nils Frahm

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• Noisia

• Pan-Pot

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• Paul Haslinger

• Paul McCartney

• Paul Oakenfold

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• Pieter Schlosser

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• Pinar Toprak

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• Rhythm Plate

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• Rupert Gregson-Williams

• Sergio Maltagliati

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• Sandy Vee

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• Showtek

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• Simon Harris

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• Steve Jablonsky

• Sunlightsquare

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• Sweet Trip

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• Thomas Bergersen

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• Tiësto

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• Trevor Morris

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• Two Steps from Hell

• Wayne Hussey

• Yasutaka Nakata

• The Weeknd

•

• Zedd

•

• ZUN

title: Steinberg Cubase


text:
User:TheLight

Introduction
Hello, this is my user page. I've been a member of wikipedia for a while now, but haven't had much time to contribute due to studies and the like. I'm trying to fix that now, though. My interests are varied, and so are my posts.

Geek Code
-BEGIN GEEK CODE BLOCK- Version: 3.1 GIT d+$ s+++(+++)>+++:+> a- C++++$ ULC+++$ P+$>+++ L++++$ E--- W++ !N !o K--? w++++$ !O !M !V PS+ PE Y+ !PGP t@ 5+++>$ !X R tv b++>+++ DI++++ !D G+ e+>++ h r++ y+++++ --END GEEK CODE BLOCK--

title: User:TheLight


text:
Raymond Kaskey

Raymond Kaskey (born 1943) is an American sculptor and architect who created Portlandia, a copper statue in Portland, Oregon. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he studied architecture at Carnegie Mellon University and Yale University. A fellow of the American Institute of Architects, he received the Henry Hering Medal from the National Sculpture Society for Portlandia.

Kaskey has threatened lawsuits against those who use portrayals of his work for commercial purposes.

Works

 * Portlandia, Portland, Oregon
 * Art Rooney statue at Heinz Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * Gateway of Dreams, Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta, Georgia
 * Bronze components for the World War II Memorial, Washington, D.C.
 * Statue of Carter G Woodson at Carter G Woodson Memorial Park in Washington, D.C.

title: Raymond Kaskey