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List of political parties in India

India has a multi-party system. The Election Commission of India (ECI) accords to national-level and state-level political parties based upon objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in the setting of election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties that wish to contest local, state, or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. Registered parties are upgraded as recognised national parties or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The recognised party status is reviewed periodically by the ECI.

Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), in a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, they lost their status as a recognised party. In 2016, the ECI announced that such a review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of every election. Therefore, a political party shall retain the recognised party status even if they do not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if they fail to meet the criteria in the subsequent election following the next election, they would lose their status.

As per latest publications dated 23 March 2024 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties, 57 state parties, and 2,764 unrecognised parties. All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the EC. All 28 states of the country along with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Puducherry have elected governments unless President's rule is imposed under certain condition.

National parties
A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below:

 * The party gets recognition as a state party in four states.
 * The party polls six per cent of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
 * The party wins at least 2% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha from not less than three states.

State parties
A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the four conditions listed below:

 * A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least two seats in that state assembly.
 * A party should secure at least six per cent of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least one seat in Lok Sabha.
 * A party should win at least three per cent of the total number of seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that state.
 * Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures eight per cent or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.

Unrecognised parties
This list does not show all the unrecognised parties, but only the notable ones. There are more than 2700 Registered Unrecognised Political Parties(RUPPs) in India.

title: List of political parties in India


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List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland

There are a number of political parties in Ireland, and coalition governments are common. The two historically largest parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, arose from a split in the original Sinn Féin. Fine Gael is the successor of Cumann na nGaedheal, the faction that supported the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, while Fianna Fáil arose from members of the anti-Treaty faction who opposed Sinn Féin's abstensionism. The division on the Treaty had also caused the Irish Civil War (1922–23), leading to the difference between the parties being described as "Civil War politics", to distinguish it from a more common left-right political divide. Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael together are sometimes pejoratively referred to as "FFG".

, Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin jointly have the greatest representation in Dáil Éireann, followed closely by Fine Gael in third position. The Green Party surpassed the Labour Party in 2020. The Labour Party was formed in 1912, and it had usually been the third party in parliamentary strength, though it is currently the fifth largest party in the Dáil, followed closely by the Social Democrats.

The Electoral Commission maintains a Register of Political Parties under the Electoral Reform Act 2022. Before the establishment of the Commission 2023, the register was maintained by the Houses of the Oireachtas. To register to contest national elections a party must have either at least one member in Dáil Éireann or the European Parliament, or 300 recorded members aged 18 or over. Parties that register only to contest elections in part of the state or in local elections need only 100 recorded members aged 18 or over. In either case, at least half of the recorded members must be on the register of electors.

Fianna Fáil
Fianna Fáil is the joint largest party in the Dáil and has the largest number of city and county council seats. It has been in government more than any other party: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011, and 2020 onwards. On all occasions up to 1989, it was in a single-party government; on all occasions since then it was the leading party in a coalition government. It is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and is led by Tánaiste Micheál Martin.

It was founded in 1926 by Éamon de Valera in a split from Sinn Féin. When Sinn Féin refused to drop its abstentionist stand, de Valera led most of its TDs out of that party with a view toward republicanising the Free State from within. It was founded as a radical anti-Treaty party drawing support from small farmers and urban workers but has since become a party of the establishment. It was first elected to power in 1932 on a constitutional republican platform, promising to remove constitutional links with Britain and reduce poverty by creating employment. It oversaw much of the industrial development of the Republic and has consequently drawn support from all social classes, making it a classic populist party.

Fianna Fáil has 35 TDs, 21 Senators, four MEPs and 248 councillors.

Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin is the joint largest party in the Dáil and the largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly. The name Sinn Féin, meaning "ourselves" or "we ourselves", has been used by a number of political organisations in Ireland since 1905, when first used by Arthur Griffith. Sinn Féin was the party of separatism before Irish independence, and broke through in the Westminster election of 1918, where it won 73 of the 105 Irish seats.

The modern-day Sinn Féin party emerged in 1970 after a split in the party, and was often distinguished as Provisional Sinn Féin. It was closely linked to the Provisional Irish Republican Army. It is led by Mary Lou McDonald.

Sinn Féin has 35 TDs, three Senators, two MEPs and 102 councillors in the Republic of Ireland.

Fine Gael
Fine Gael is the third largest party in the Dáil, the second largest party in local government in Ireland and has the largest delegation of MEPs from Ireland. It was founded in 1933 by a merger of Cumann na nGaedheal, which had supported the Treaty and formed the government between 1922 and 1932, the National Guard (popularly called the Blueshirts) and the small National Centre Party. It is a member of the centre-right European People's Party and is led by Simon Harris. Counting the tenure of predecessor Cumann na nGaedheal, Fine Gael has been in government in the periods 1922–1932, 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to date. On each occasion from 1948 until 2016, it was the leading party of a coalition with the Labour Party, and in three of those cases also with other smaller parties. At the 2011 general election, Fine Gael became the largest party in the Oireachtas with 36.1% of the vote.

Fine Gael has 34 TDs, 15 Senators, four MEPs and 245 councillors.

Green Party
The Green Party was established in 1981 and is allied to the European Green Party. The Green Party Northern Ireland voted in 2005 to become a region of the Irish Green Party, making it the second party to be organised on an all-Ireland basis. It has Northern Ireland members on the Irish Green Party national executive.

In June 2007, the Green Party entered coalition government with Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats. In January 2011 they left the coalition, and at the 2011 general election, lost all of their Dáil seats.

In the 2020 election, they became the fourth party in parliamentary strength. The Green Party has 12 TDs, five Senators and 23 councillors.

Labour Party
The Labour Party is a social democratic party, founded in 1912 as part of the trade union movement, with which it maintains organisational links. For most of the history of the state, it was the third largest party, though it is currently in fifth position in parliamentary strength.

It has been in government in the periods 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1993–1994, 1994–1997, and 2011–2016. On each occasion, it was in coalition with Fine Gael, with the exception 1993 to 1994, when it was in coalition with Fianna Fáil. The Labour Party merged with the smaller Democratic Left party in 1999. It is a member of the Party of European Socialists and has been led by Ivana Bacik since 24 March 2022.

The Labour Party has six TDs, four Senators, one MEP and 56 councillors.

Social Democrats
The Social Democrats were founded in July 2015 by three independent TDs Catherine Murphy, Róisín Shortall and, Stephen Donnelly (who has since left the party for Fianna Fáil.) The Social Democrats have six TDs and 35 councillors.

People Before Profit–Solidarity
People Before Profit–Solidarity is an electoral alliance between People Before Profit (PBP), Solidarity and the Socialist Party. In October 2015, they formed a new alliance for electoral purposes, but continue to organise separately. The founding TDs have stated their aim to build a mass party of the left and ultimately help form a left-wing government.

Together they have five TDs (four from PBP, one from Solidarity) and 13 (ten from PBP, three from Solidarity) councillors.

Independent Ireland
Independent Ireland was registered in November 2023 and was founded by two TDs, Michael Collins and Richard O'Donoghue, both members of the Rural Independents Dáil grouping. It has three TDs, one MEP and 23 councillors.

Aontú
Aontú is an all-Ireland republican party with a left-wing economic stance and a conservative social position. It was founded in 2019 by Peadar Tóibín who left Sinn Féin because of its support for the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018. It has one TD and eight councillors in the Republic of Ireland.

Right to Change
Right to Change was founded in May 2020. It has one TD, Joan Collins, and one councillor.

Independents 4 Change
Independents 4 Change has been registered as a political party since 2014. Its registered officer is Mick Wallace. It has one councillor.

Human Dignity Alliance
The Human Dignity Alliance (HDA) was founded by Senator Rónán Mullen in June 2018. HDA has one senator.

100% Redress
100% Redress was founded in County Donegal in 2023, campaigning on the Irish defective block crisis. It has four councillors on Donegal County Council.

Workers and Unemployed Action
Workers and Unemployed Action (WUA) is a left-wing political organisation formed in 1985 by Séamus Healy. At the 2011 election, the WUA formed part of the United Left Alliance, but it left in 2012. WUA has one councillor.

Kerry Independent Alliance
The Kerry Independent Alliance (previously the South Kerry Independent Alliance) have one councillor on Kerry County Council. It is registered to contest elections for Dáil Éireann and in Killarney for local elections.

Republican Sinn Féin
Republican Sinn Féin were formed in 1986 by members of Sinn Féin who did not support the decision made at the party's ard fheis in that year to end its policy of abstentionism and to allow elected Sinn Féin TDs take their seats in Dáil Éireann. They have one councillor, Tomás Ó Curraoin on Galway County Council. As the party is not registered, he is officially an independent councillor.

Independent Left
Independent Left have one councillor, former PBP member John Lyons, on Dublin City Council. As the party is not registered, he is officially an independent councillor.

National Party
The National Party is a minor far-right party founded in 2016. It has one councillor on Fingal County Council.

Irish Freedom Party
The Irish Freedom Party is a minor far-right and Eurosceptic party founded in 2018. It has one councillor on South Dublin County Council.

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List of political parties in Italy

This is a list of political parties in Italy since Italian unification in 1861.

Throughout history, numerous political parties have been operating in Italy. Since World War II no party has ever gained enough support to govern alone; thus, parties form political alliances and coalition governments.

In the 2022 general election, four groupings obtained most of the votes and most of the seats in the two houses of the Italian Parliament: the "centre-right coalition" composed of the Brothers of Italy, Lega, Forza Italia and minor allies; the "centre-left coalition" composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies; the populist Five Star Movement; and the liberal Action – Italia Viva (also known as "Third Pole").

Coalitions of parties for regional elections can be slightly different from those for general elections, due to different regional conditions (for instance, in some regions the Democratic Party and the Five Star Movement are in coalition, but not in others; same for the Democratic Party and the Third Pole) and the presence of several regional parties, some of which active only at regional level.

History
The first modern political party in Italy was the Italian Socialist Party, established in 1892. Until then, the main political groupings of the country, the Historical Right and the Historical Left, were not classifiable as parties, but as simple groups of notables, each with their own electoral fiefdom, that joined together according to their own ideas. From time to time, in the context of the Historical Far Left, other parties emerged: the Italian Republican Party, established in 1895, and the Italian Radical Party, established in 1904.

The Italian Socialist Party envisaged itself as a mass party, a form of party that would dominate throughout the 20th century. It was followed a few years later by the Italian People's Party, established in 1919. Both parties achieved electoral success until the advent of fascism, contributing decisively to the loss of strength and authority of the old liberal ruling class, which had not been able to structure itself into a proper party: the Liberal Union, launched in 1913, was not a coherent one and the Italian Liberal Party, formed in 1922, came too late. The beginning of 1921 saw the foundation of the Communist Party of Italy, born from a split of the Italian Socialist Party. Also in 1921, Benito Mussolini gave birth to the National Fascist Party, and the next year, through the March on Rome, he was appointed Prime Minister. In 1926, through the so-called leggi fascistissime (lit. 'very fascist laws'), all parties were dissolved except the National Fascist Party, which thus remained the only legal party in the Kingdom of Italy until the fall of the regime in July 1943. Meanwhile, following the dissolution of the Comintern in May 1943, the Communist Party of Italy was rebranded Italian Communist Party. The following September, six anti-fascist parties – the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, the Italian Liberal Party, the Action Party and the Labour Democratic Party — formed the joint National Liberation Committee, which gained official recognition as the representative of the Italian resistance movement (the Committee recognised the monarchy, thus the Italian Republican Party stayed out because of its full loyalty to republican principles). The parties of the Committee then formed, in various combinations, the governments of Italy from the liberation of Rome in 1944 until 1947, when the Socialists and the Communists were ejected.

In 1946, through a referendum, Italy became a republic and a Constituent Assembly wrote the republican Constitution. Between 1948 and 1992, the party system was dominated by two major parties: the Christian Democracy, the structural party of government, and the Italian Communist Party, the main opposition party. Another stable opposition party was the post-fascist Italian Social Movement. For about half a century, following a so-called conventio ad excludendum of the Italian Communist Party, the governments were led by the Christian Democracy, that chose its coalition partners among smaller parties situated either to its left or right: the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the Italian Liberal Party and the Italian Republican Party. Between 1981 and 1991, the Christian Democrats formed coalition governments named Pentapartito with all four of them. That was the time when several northern regional parties, whose policy themes were federalism and autonomism, were established. In 1991 they federated themselves into Lega Nord, which became the country's fourth largest party in the 1992 general election.

Between 1992 and 1994, the established party system was shaken by a series of corruption scandals known collectively as Tangentopoli. These events led to the disappearance of the five parties of government. Consequently, the Italian Communist Party, which had evolved to become the Democratic Party of the Left in 1991, with the exit of the Communist Refoundation Party, and the post-fascists, who had launched National Alliance in 1994, gained strength. On the contrary, the Christian Democracy, which changed its name to Italian People's Party in 1994, lost its centrality in the Italian party system. Following the 1994 general election, media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi became Prime Minister at the head of a government composed mainly of his brand-new Forza Italia party, joined by several members of the defunct mainstream parties, National Alliance and Lega Nord.

Between 1996 and 2008, the political parties were organised into two big coalitions, which took turns in government: the centre-right Pole for Freedoms, which was renamed House of Freedoms after the re-entry of Lega Nord in 2000, and The Olive Tree, lately part of a broader coalition named The Union, on the centre-left. As for the centre-left, the Democratic Party of the Left changed its name again in 1998, becoming Democrats of the Left, while in 2002 a new party called Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy was founded by the merger of some centrist parties (including the Italian People's Party). In 2008, following the fall of the centre-left government led by Romano Prodi, the Democratic Party (established in 2007 upon the merger of the Democrats of the Left and The Daisy) decided to break the alliance with the Communist Refoundation Party and other minor left-wing parties. Contextually, on the centre-right of the political spectrum, Forza Italia and National Alliance merged to form The People of Freedom, which continued the alliance with Lega Nord and prevailed in the 2008 general election.

In the 2013 general election, the party system was fragmented in four groupings: the centre-left alliance led by the Democratic Party; the traditional centre-right alliance between the People of Freedom, Lega Nord and the newly-founded Brothers of Italy (a right-wing split of the People of Freedom, formed mainly by former members of National Alliance); Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement; and a new centrist coalition around the outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti's Civic Choice party. In November 2013, the national council of People of Freedom, at the behest of Berlusconi, suspended all party activities, to relaunch Forza Italia, which would experience multiple splits. In the 2018 general election, the major groupings were reduced to three: the centre-right coalition, composed of Lega (Lega Nord's evolution on a countrywide scale), Forza Italia, Brothers of Italy and minor allies; the Five Star Movement (which was the single most voted party); and the centre-left coalition, composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies. The centre-right coalition won a full majority in the 2022 general election, leading to a government led by Brothers of Italy's leader Giorgia Meloni (the first since 2008 to be formed by a coalition of parties having fought the election together), while the opposition was fragmented in three segments: the Democratic Party-led centre-left coalition; the Five Star Movement; and a centrist alliance between Action and Italia Viva (both splinter groups of the Democratic Party).

Parties represented in the Italian or European Parliament

 * Notes

Parties represented within other parties in the Italian or European Parliament

 * Notes

Countrywide parties
• 10 Times Better (est. 2017)

• 3V Movement (est. 2019)

• Alliance of the Centre (est. 2008)

• Alternativa (est. 2021)

• Anticapitalist Left (est. 2013)

• Atheist Democracy (est. 2009)

• August 24th Movement (est. 2019)

• CARC Party (est. 1992)

• CasaPound (est. 2003)

• Christian Democracy (est. 2002)

• Christian Democracy (est. 2004)

• Christian Democracy (est. 2012)

• Christian Popular Union (est. 2009)

• Communist Alternative Party (est. 2007)

• Communist Party (est. 2009)

• Communist Refoundation Party (est. 1991)

• Democracy and Autonomy (est. 2015)

• Europeanists (est. 2021)

• European Liberal Democrats (est. 2023)

• European Republicans Movement (est. 2001)

• Fascism and Freedom Movement (est. 1991)

• Fatherland and Constitution (est. 2018)

• Gay Party (est. 2020)

• Green Front (est. 2006)

• Green Italia (est. 2013)

• Humanist Party (est. 1984)

• I Change (est. 2013)

• Identity and Action (est. 2015)

• Independence (est. 2023)

• Internationalist Communist Party (est. 1943)

• Italexit (est. 2020)

• Italia in Comune (est. 2018)

• Italian Animalist Party (est. 2006)

• Italian Communist Party (est. 2016)

• Italian Democratic Socialist Party (est. 2004)

• Italian Liberal Party (est. 1997)

• Italian Marxist–Leninist Party (est. 1977)

• Italian Pirate Party (est. 2006)

• Italian Republican Party (est. 1895)

• Italy of Values (est. 1998)

• Liberal Democrats (est. 2007)

• L'Italia c'è (est. 2022)

• Marxist–Leninist Italian Communist Party (est. 1999)

• National Front (est. 1997)

• Network of Communists (est. 1998)

• New Force (est. 1997)

• New Italian Social Movement (est. 2000)

• New CDU – United Christian Democrats (est. 2014)

• New Times – United Populars (est. 2023)

• Pensioners' Party (est. 1989)

• Popular Alternative (est. 2017)

• Popular Base (est. 2023)

• Power to the People (est. 2013)

• Renaissance (est. 2017)

• Royal Italy (est. 1972)

• Social Democratic Rebirth (est. 1996)

• Social Democrats (est. 2022)

• Social Idea Movement (est. 2004)

• Socialist Rebirth (est. 2015)

• The People of Family (est. 2016)

• Tricolour Flame (est. 1995)

• Together (est. 2020)

• United Right (est. 2014)

• Volt Italy (est. 2018)

• Workers' Communist Party (est. 2006)

Regional and local parties
• Autonomy South (est. 2012)

• Citizens (est. 2003)

• Democratic Republicans (est. 2004)

• Fortza Paris (est. 2004)

• Free Sardinia (est. 2012)

• Free Sicilians (est. 2016)

• Friulian Autonomist Movement (est. 2008)

• Friulian Front (est. 2006)

• Friuli Movement (est. 1966)

• Future Sicily (est. 2015)

• Great North (est. 2017)

• Greens Greens (est. 1991)

• Independence Republic of Sardinia (est. 2002)

• Ladin Autonomist Union (est. 1983)

• Lega Lombardo Veneta (est. 2008)

• Lega Sud Ausonia (est. 1996)

• Loyal to Trentino (est. 2003)

• Movement for the Autonomy of Romagna (est. 1990)

• Party of Sardinians (est. 2013)

• Party of the South (est. 2007)

• Party of Venetians (est. 2019)

• People's Centre (est. 1998)

• Project Republic of Sardinia (est. 2011)

• Pro Lombardy Independence (est. 2011)

• Red Moors (est. 2009)

• Responsible Autonomy (2013)

• Rhaetian Populars (1997)

• Sardinia Free Zone Movement (est. 2012)

• Sardigna Natzione Indipendentzia (est. 1994)

• Schittulli Political Movement (est. 2009)

• Sicilia Vera (est. 2007)

• Sicilian Socialist Party (est. 2013)

• Southern Action League (est. 1992)

• The DemoKRats (est. 2009)

• The Other South (est. 2008)

• Tuscan Autonomist Movement (est. 1989)

• Unidos (est. 2013)

• Union of Sardinians (est. 1998)

• Unitalia (est. 1996)

• United Populars (est. 2008)

• Venetian Independence (est. 2012)

• We Sicilians (est. 1994)

• We the South (est. 2010)
 * Notes

Overseas parties

 * South American Union of Italian Emigrants (est. 2006)

Countrywide parties
• Moderate Party (1848–1861)

• Dissident Left (1877–1887)

• Historical Far Left (1867–1904)

• Historical Left (1849–1913)

• Historical Right (1849–1913)

• Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919)

• Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919)

• Conservative Catholics (1913–1919)

• Democratic Party (1913–1919)

• Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (1919–1921)

• Italian Radical Party (1904–1922)

• Liberal Union (1913–1922)

• Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923)

• Combatants' Party (1919–1923)

• Economic Party (1919–1924)

• Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1925)

• Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926)

• Italian People's Party (1919–1926)

• Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1921–1926)

• Social Democracy (1922–1926)

• National Fascist Party (1921–1943)

• Italian Unionist Movement (1944–1948)

• Republican Democratic Concentration (1946)

• Action Party (1929–1947)

• Italian Democratic Party (1944–1947)

• Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948)

• Social Christian Party (1943–1948)

• Common Man's Front (1946–1949)

• Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951)

• Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951)

• National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954)

• Monarchist National Party (1946–1959)

• People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959)

• Peasants' Party of Italy (1920–1963)

• Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969)

• Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972)

• Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972)

• National Democracy (1977–1979)

• Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984)

• Radical Party (1955–1989)

• Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990)

• Rainbow Greens (1989–1990)

• Italian Communist Party (1921–1991)

• Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991)

• Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994)

• Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994)

• Christian Democracy (1943–1994)

• Liberal Democratic Pole (1994)

• Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)

• Socialist Rebirth (1993–1995)

• Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996)

• Federalist Italian League (1995–1996)

• Democratic Alliance (1993–1997)

• Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998)

• Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998)

• Union of the Centre (1993–1998)

• Social Christians (1993–1998)

• Republican Left (1994–1998)

• Labour Federation (1994–1998)

• Italian Socialists (1994–1998)

• Movement of Unitarian Communists (1995–1998)

• Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998)

• The Network (1991–1999)

• Pannella List (1992–1999)

• Democratic Union (1996–1999)

• Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999)

• Christian Democrats for Freedom (1998–2001)

• Union for the Republic (1999–2001)

• Italian People's Party (1994–2002)

• Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002)

• United Christian Democrats (1995–2002)

• Italian Renewal (1996–2002)

• The Democrats (1999–2002)

• European Democracy (2001–2002)

• Segni Pact (1993–2003)

• Bonino List (1999–2004)

• Autonomists for Europe (2000–c.2005)

• Democrats of the Left (1998–2007)

• Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007)

• Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007)

• Middle Italy (2006–2007)

• Federalist Party (1994–2008)

• Forza Italia (1994–2009)

• National Alliance (1995–2009)

• Social Action (2003–2009)

• Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009)

• Italians in the World (2006–2009)

• Liberal Populars (2008–2009)

• Democratic Left (2007–2010)

• Unite the Left (2008–2010)

• Force of the South (2010–2011)

• Popular Action (2010–2012)

• The Populars of Italy Tomorrow (2010–2012)

• Rights and Freedom (2012)

• Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)

• Critical Left (2007–2013)

• Federation of Christian Populars (2008–2013)

• The People of Freedom (2009–2013)

• Movement of National Responsibility (2010–2013)

• Popular Agreement (2012–2013)

• Great South (2011–2013)

• Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)

• I Love Italy (2008–2014)

• Future and Freedom (2011–2015)

• Italy Work in Progress (2014–2015)

• Alliance for Italy (2009–2016)

• Left Ecology Freedom (2010–2016)

• Conservatives and Social Reformers (2012–2016)

• The Right (2007–2017)

• New Centre-Right (2013–2017)

• Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)

• Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)

• Civic Choice (2013–2019)

• Free Alternative (2015–2019)

• Direction Italy (2017–2019)

• X Movement (2014–2020)

• Energies for Italy (2016–2020)

• Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)

• Act! (2012–2022)

• Cambiamo! (2019–2022)

• Together for the Future (2022)

• Article One (2017–2023)

• Us with Italy (2017–2023)

• èViva (2019–2023)

• Green is Popular (2021–2023)

Regional and local parties

 * Deutscher Verband (1919–1926)
 * List for Trieste (1978–2006)
 * Lega Alpina Lumbarda (1992–1996)
 * Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda (1996–2008)
 * I the South (2009–2016)
 * Union for Trentino (2008-2022)
 * Us with Salvini (2014–2018)
 * Notes

Overseas parties

 * Independent Alternative for Italians Abroad (2005–c.2006)
 * For Italy in the World (2006)
 * Italian Associations in South America (2005–c.2008)

Defunct parties represented only in Regional Councils
• ;Countrywide parties

• Socialist Party (1996–2001)

• The Liberals Sgarbi (1999–c.2007)

• Bonino-Pannella List (2009–2012)

• Christian Democratic Party (2000–2013)

• Reality Italy (2013–2018)

• ;Aosta Valley

• Valdostan Rally (1963–1977)

• Popular Democrats (1972–1984)

• Progressive Valdostan Union (1973–1984)

• Independent Autonomists (1991–1993)

• Progressive Democratic Autonomists (1984–1998)

• Autonomist People's Alliance (1992–1998)

• For Aosta Valley (1993–1998)

• Autonomists (1997–2001)

• Alé Vallée (2003–2007)

• Rainbow Aosta Valley (2003–2010)

• Vallée d'Aoste Vive (2005–2010)

• Valdostan Renewal (2006–2010)

• Alternative Greens (1990–2010)

• Autonomist Federation (1998–2014)

• Valdostan Autonomist Popular Edelweiss (2017–2018)

• Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology (2010–2019)

• Progressive Valdostan Union (2013–2019)

• Civic Commitment (2018–2019)

• ;Piedmont

• Piedmontese Union (1981–1992)

• Progett'Azione (2012–2014)

• ;Lombardy

• Lega Nuova (1991–1992)

• Alleanza Lombarda Autonomia (1989–1996)

• ;Trentino-Alto Adige

• Craftsman-Farmer Alliance (1964–1968)

• Tyrolean Homeland Party (1964–1968)

• Social Progressive Party of South Tyrol (1966–1978)

• Social Democratic Party of South Tyrol (1972–1983)

• New Left (1978–1983)

• Trentino Tyrolean People's Party (1948–1982)

• Party of Independents (1972–1987)

• Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Union (1982–1988)

• Integral Autonomy (1982–1988)

• South Tyrolean Homeland Federation (1974–1989)

• Freedom Party of South Tyrol (1987–1989)

• Lega Autonomia Trentino (1993–1996)

• Trentino Tomorrow (1998–2003)

• Democratic Union of Alto Adige (1993–2008)

• Daisy Civic List (1998–2008)

• United Valleys (2006–2008)

• Ladins Dolomites (1993–2010s)

• Democratic Party of South Tyrol (1997–2010s)

• Administer Trentino (2008–2018)

• Team Autonomies (2013–2018)

• Trentino Civic List (2013–2019)

• Citizens' Union for South Tyrol (1989–2020)

• Act for Trentino (2016–2020)

• ;Veneto

• Union of the Venetian People (1987–1995)

• Lega Autonomia Veneta (1989–2000)

• North-East Union (1996–2010s)

• Party of Venetians (2010)

• Toward North (2010–2012)

• North-East Project (2004–2015)

• Veneto for the EPP (2005–c.2009)

• Independence We Veneto (2014–2017)

• Tosi List for Veneto (2015–2022)

• ;Friuli-Venezia Giulia

• Lega Autonomia Friuli (1993–1990s)

• Reformist Popular Centre (1998–2003)

• ;Marche

• Marche 2020 (2014–2015)

• ;Lazio

• Cuoritaliani (2015–2018)

• ;Molise

• Progressive People's Party (1993–2000s)

• ;Campania

• Democratic Populars (2008–2010)

• Forza Campania (2014)

• ;Apulia

• Apulia First of All (2005–2015)

• Moderates and Populars (2010–c.2015)

• ;Calabria

• Southern Democratic Party (2006–2007)

• Autonomy and Rights (2010–2014)

• ;Sicily

• Social Christian Sicilian Union (1958–1963)

• Liberal Socialists (1998–2003)

• Sicilian Spring (2001–2000s)

• New Sicily (2001–2008)

• Sicilian Alliance (2005–2008)

• Autonomist Democrats (2008–2009)

• Sicilian People's Movement (2012)

• Reformist Democrats for Sicily (2013–2014)

• Article Four (2013–2014)

• Pact of Democrats for Reforms (2014–2015)

• The Megaphone – Crocetta List (2012–2017)

• Democratic Sicily (2014–2017)

• Centrists for Sicily (2016–2017)

• Party of Sicilians (2012–2017)

• Now Sicily (2019–2022)

• ;Sardinia

• Sardinian Socialist Action Party (1948–1949)

• New Movement (1997–2002)

• Sardinian People's Party (2000–2004)

• Democratic Federation (1994–2007)

• Sardinia Project (2003–2007)

• The Base (2010–2018)

• Civic Sardinia (2018–2023)
 * Notes

Countrywide parties
• Action Party (1853–1867)

• Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892)

• Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893)

• Futurist Political Party (1918–1920)

• Maximalist Italian Socialist Party (1932–c.1945)

• Party of the Christian Left (1939–1945)

• Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)

• Democratic Fascist Party (1945–1946)

• Union of Socialists (1947–1949)

• Italian Nettist Party (1953)

• Independent Socialist Union (1953–1957)

• Popular Unity (1953–1957)

• Workers' Political Movement (1971–1972)

• Ordine Nuovo (1956–1973)

• National Vanguard (1960–1976)

• Lotta Continua (1969–1976)

• Italian (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Party (1968–1978)

• Autonomia Operaia (1973–1979)

• Democratic Union for the New Republic (1964–1980)

• Radical Federative Movement (1982–1985)

• Pensioners' National Party (1979–c.1990)

• Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) (1963–1991)

• Populars for Reform (1992–1993)

• Liberal Socialist Movement (1994–1996)

• Reformist Socialist Party (1994–1996)

• European Liberal Social Democracy (1994–1996)

• Federal Italy (1996–1998)

• Democratic Italy (1994–2000)

• Socialist League (2000–2001)

• Federalist Greens (1992–c.2006)

• Pact of Liberal Democrats (2003–2006)

• United Democratic Christians (2005–2008)

• Third Pole (2006–2008)

• The Italian Socialists (2006–2009)

• Movement for Italy (2008–2010)

• Movement for the Left (2009–2010)

• Popular Rebirth (2006–2010s)

• United Socialists (2009–2011)

• Extended Christian Pact (1994–2012)

• S.O.S. Italy (1996–c.2012)

• Rebirth of Christian Democracy (2000–2012)

• Amnesty Justice Freedom List (2012–2013)

• Federation of Liberals (1994–c.2014)

• The Rose for Italy (2008–c.2014)

• Act to Stop the Decline (2012–2014)

• Love Party (1991–c.2015)

• Italy First (2013–2015)

• Communist Party of Italy (2014–2016)

• Unique Italy (2014–2016)

• Democratic Union for Consumers (2007–2017)

• National Action (2015–2017)

• Progressive Camp (2017)

• Christian Revolution (2015–2018)

• Progressive Area (2017–2018)

• National Movement for Sovereignty (2017–2019)

• Good Right (2020–2023)

Regional and local parties
• Communist Party of Sardinia (1943–1944)

• Movement for Piedmontese Regional Autonomy (1955–1960s)

• Movement for the Independence of the Free Territory of Trieste (1958–1980s)

• Ossolan Union for Autonomy (1977–1980s)

• Liga Veneta Serenissima (1984–1987)

• Independentist Sardinian Party (1984–1994)

• Union of the Venetian People (1987–1995)

• North-East Movement (1997–c.1999)

• Veneto Autonomous Region Movement (1987–2000)

• Fronte Marco Polo (1999–2001)

• Mancini List (1994–2005)

• Populars' Coordination (2008–?)

• Sardinian Autonomist Populars (2008–2009)

• Venetians Movement (2006–2010)

• Venetian People's Movement (2008–2010s)

• Venetian National Party (2007–2011)

• Community Democratic League (2011–2012)

• Padanian Union (2011–2013)

• A Manca pro s'Indipendèntzia (2004–2015)

• Veneto State (2010–2016)

• Venetian Left (2015–2017)

• We Are Veneto (2016–2019)
 * Notes

title: List of political parties in Italy


text:
List of political parties in Japan

In Japan, any organization that supports a candidate needs to register itself as a political party. Each of these parties have some local or national influence. This article lists political parties in Japan with representation in the National Diet, either in the House of Representatives (lower house) or in the House of Councillors (upper house). The article also mentions political parties within the nation that either used to be within representation, or parties that currently are.

Main parties
Legal status as a political party (seitō) is tied to having five members in the Diet or at least two percent nationally of either proportional or local vote in the last Representatives or one of the last two Councillors elections. Political parties receive public party funding (¥ 250 per citizen, about ¥ 32 bill. in total per fiscal year, distributed according to recent national elections results – last HR general and last two HC regular elections – and Diet strength on January 1), are allowed to concurrently nominate candidates for the House of Representatives in an electoral district and on a proportional list, may take political donations from legal persons, i.e. corporations, and other benefits such as air time on public broadcaster NHK. Laws regulating political parties include the 公職選挙法 (Public Offices Election Act ), the 政治資金規正法 (Political Funds Control Act ) and the 政党助成法 (Political Parties Subsidies Act ). (Note: Translations have no legal effect and are by definition "unofficial" .) Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: s/index.html General information and published reports about political party funding (In Japanese)

Local parties
Under Japanese law, all of the parties below are "political organizations" (seiji dantai), not "political parties" (seitō, see above).

Parties represented in prefectural assemblies

 * Genzei Nippon ("Tax Cuts Japan"), party founded by Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura in 2010, mainly active in Nagoya municipal and Aichi prefectural politics, won some seats in other areas in the 2011 local elections, had its first National Diet member in 2011, achieved party status in 2012, decided to merge into Datsu-Genpatsu in November 2012 (2010–2012). Currently active in local Nagoya politics.
 * New Socialist Party of Japan, a left breakaway group from the Japanese Socialist Party, created in 1996 when the latter formed the Social Democratic Party; the New Socialist Party was represented in the national Diet from 1996 to 1998.
 * Several member organizations of the Japan People's Political Network, a federation of local consumer movements that entered politics in the 1970s includes:
 * Chiba Prefecture Citizens Movement
 * Citizen Network of Saitama
 * Kanagawa Network Movement
 * Tokyo Seikatsusha Network
 * Tukuba Shimin Network
 * Chiiki Seitō Iwate ("Iwate regional party", 2010–) of former Social Democrats and independents
 * Kyoto Party (Kyōto-tō, 2010–)
 * Osaka Restoration Association, the dominant party in Ōsaka prefecture formed by the former governor Tōru Hashimoto who wants to dissolve Ōsaka city and Sakai city and turn them into Special wards of Ōsaka. Affiliated with the Nippon Ishin no Kai.
 * Tomin First no Kai
 * Okinawa Social Mass Party (Okinawa Shakai Taishū-tō), formerly the Okinawa Socialist Mass Party.
 * Green Niigata, Midori Niigata (Niigata, communist)
 * formerly Niigata New Party for People, Shimin Shin-tō Niigata (Niigata, communist)
 * Fukui Party, active in the Fukui Prefecture

Other parties represented in local councils

 * Greens Japan (Midori no Tō, lit. "Green Party"), created in 2012 as the successor of Greens Japan (Midori no Mirai, lit. "Green Future"), a green party formed by the merger of the conservative-green Greens Japan (Midori no Table, "Green Table") and the left-wing-green Rainbow and Greens (Niji to Midori) in 2008.
 * Happiness Realization Party (far-right, 2009–), previously held a seat at the House of Councillors
 * Citizens Network Hokkaido, a member of the Japan People's Political Network
 * Citizen Politics Network of Fukuoka, a member of the Japan People's Political Network

Other parties
Current political parties that used to be in the Diet but are not currently represented:

 * NHK Party (right-wing, 2013–)

 * Rikken Yōseikai (far-right, 1923–1942, 1946–)
 * Dainiin Club Dainiin Kurabu (1983–)
 * New Party for Salaried Men Sararīman Shintō (centrist, 1983–)
 * Takeru (centrist, 2001–)
 * Political Group of Okinawa Revolution (Sōzō, lit. Creation), Okinawa regionalist party formed by LDP defectors in 2005, represented in the national Diet from 2005 to 2008, merged with the PNP Okinawa prefectural federation in 2012, keeping its name

Japan has other minor parties not represented in Parliament (which have never been represented before), some are new, others with communist and socialist ideologies, as well as a few nationalist, reformist, and far-right parties. Some of them include:
 * National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party (far-right) (1982–present)
 * Japan Nation Party (nationalist) (1988–present)
 * Ishin Seitō Shimpū (far-right) (1995–present)
 * Tokyo Tea Party (inspired by the U.S. Tea Party movement) (2010–present)
 * Ainu Party, party representing the rights of the Ainu people.
 * Japan First Party (far-right) (2016–present)
 * Pirate Party Japan, based on the Swedish Pirate Party
 * Greater Japan Patriotic Party (far-right) (1951–present)
 * Kariyushi Club Kariyushi Kurabu (Okinawa, independentist)
 * Conservative Party of Japan (far-right) (2023–present)
 * Japanese Communist Party (Action Faction) (far-left) (1980–present)
 * Japanese Communist Party (Left Faction) (far-left) (1969–present)
 * Chūkaku-ha (far-left) (1959–present)
 * Japan Revolutionary Communist League (far-left) (Trotskyism) (1959–present)
 * Japan AI Party (Government by algorithm) (2018–present)

Former major parties

 * Liberal Party (Jiyūtō): initially Constitutional Liberal Party (Rikken Jiyūtō), the strongest party in the early House of Representatives and the mainstream liberal opposition to government military spending and foreign policy (1890–1898)
 * Progressive Party (Shinpotō): created during a temporary alliance between Liberals and the oligarchy (1896–1898)
 * Constitutional Party (Kenseitō): formed by a merger of Liberal and Progressive Party (1898–1900)
 * True Constitutional Party (Kensei Hontō): breakaway of liberals discontented with the alliance with the government (1898–1910)
 * Rikken Seiyūkai: formed in 1900 by a now permanent alliance between parts of the Meiji oligarchy, the bureaucracy and members of the liberal parties it became the dominant force in party politics throughout the Empire (1900–1940)
 * Constitutional People's Party (Rikken Kokumintō, created in a merger of the True Constitutional Party with smaller groups, the party pushed the government for an expansion of constitutional rights (1910–1922)
 * Rikken Dōshikai (1913–1916), another attempt by Katsura Tarō to form a strong opposition to the Seiyūkai (1913–1916)
 * Constitutional Assembly (Kenseikai, the core group of the constitutional movement in the Taishō era (1916–1927)
 * True Seiyū Party (Seiyū Hontō): a Seiyūkai breakaway during the "three constitutional factions" (goken sampa) alliance between Seiyūkai, Kenseikai and Kakushin Club ("Reform Club") (1923–1926)
 * Constitutional Democratic Party (Rikken Minseitō, main opponent of the Seiyūkai in the final years of party rule and during the rise of the military (1927–1940)
 * Imperial Rule Assistance Association (1940–1945)
 * Japanese Liberal Party (JLP or LP; Nihon Jiyūtō, mainstream democratic conservative party around former Seiyūkai politicians (1945–1948)
 * Japanese Progressive Party (Nihon Shinpotō): conservative party around former Minseitō politicians (1945–1947)
 * Japanese Socialist Party (JSP; Nihon Shakaitō): divided into Left JSP and Right JSP in the early 1950s), a small minority before the war, the Socialists became the main opposition to the soon united conservatives, but continually lost ground to more centrist opposition parties over the decades (1945–1996)
 * Summer breeze assembly (Ryokufūkai, reestablished several times after), created as the largest parliamentary group in the first House of Councillors by conservatives and some liberals and moderate socialists including a number of former House of Peers members, it had a centrist approach and was willing to work with centre-left and centre-right cabinets (1947–1960)
 * Democratic Party (1947) (DP; Minshutō): created by the Progressive Party and a Liberal breakaway group, the party tried to occupy the "centre" between Liberals and Socialists, but was soon divided over cooperation with either group (1947–1950)
 * Democratic Liberal Party (DLP or LP; Minshujiyūtō, created from the Liberal Party when Democrats opposed to the coalition with the Socialists joined it (1948–1950)
 * Liberal Party (LP; Jiyūtō): created after the Democrats had finally split over cooperation with the Liberal government, but soon divided itself into followers of first JLP president Hatoyama Ichirō who returned to politics when the SCAP purge was lifted and the "Yoshida school" of his successor Yoshida Shigeru. forefather of Liberal Democratic Party (1950–1955)
 * Japanese Democratic Party (JDP; Nihon Minshutō): Hatoyama-led breakaway from the liberals merged with smaller groups including the opposition remnants of the Democratic Party; the "conservative merger" (hoshu gōdō) of 1955 united Liberal Party and Japanese Democratic Party in the Liberal Democratic Party that dominated postwar politics for decades. Forefather of Liberal Democratic Party. (1954–1955)
 * New Frontier Party (NFP; Shinshintō, lit. "New Progressive Party"), formed after an anti-LDP government had collapsed to create a unified opposition party ranging from socialists to conservatives (1994–1997)
 * Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ; Minshutō): the DPJ was founded in 1998 as a result of the merger of several anti-LDP opposition parties, and was the ruling party in 2009–2012. Its membership covered a broad spectrum of political beliefs, but it was generally considered a centrist party. The Democratic Party of Japan is widely described as centrist:
 * (1998–2016)
 * Japan Restoration Party (JRP; Nippon Ishin no Kai): the JRP was founded by Tōru Hashimoto the Governor of Osaka Prefectire in 2012 as a result of the merger of several right-wing regional parties, and was the third biggest political block in the National Diet. (2012–2014)
 * Japan Innovation Party (JIP; Ishin no Tō): formed by a merger of the right-wing JRP and centre-right Unity Party, the Osaka regional group split off the JIP as Initiatives from Osaka in 2015 and the centre-right JIP later merged with the DPJ. (2014–2016)
 * Democratic Party (DP; Minshintō): formed by a merger of the remainder of JIP and the DPJ, the party splinter during the 2017 general election among four groups: the centre-left CDP, the centre-right Kibō no Tō, group of centre align independent block, and the a centre align block remain with the DP. After the election, the more left-leaning centre group join the CDP or remain independent, while the right-leaning centre group merged with the Kibō no Tō to established the DPP. (2016–2018)
 * (1998–2016)
 * Japan Restoration Party (JRP; Nippon Ishin no Kai): the JRP was founded by Tōru Hashimoto the Governor of Osaka Prefectire in 2012 as a result of the merger of several right-wing regional parties, and was the third biggest political block in the National Diet. (2012–2014)
 * Japan Innovation Party (JIP; Ishin no Tō): formed by a merger of the right-wing JRP and centre-right Unity Party, the Osaka regional group split off the JIP as Initiatives from Osaka in 2015 and the centre-right JIP later merged with the DPJ. (2014–2016)
 * Democratic Party (DP; Minshintō): formed by a merger of the remainder of JIP and the DPJ, the party splinter during the 2017 general election among four groups: the centre-left CDP, the centre-right Kibō no Tō, group of centre align independent block, and the a centre align block remain with the DP. After the election, the more left-leaning centre group join the CDP or remain independent, while the right-leaning centre group merged with the Kibō no Tō to established the DPP. (2016–2018)
 * Japan Innovation Party (JIP; Ishin no Tō): formed by a merger of the right-wing JRP and centre-right Unity Party, the Osaka regional group split off the JIP as Initiatives from Osaka in 2015 and the centre-right JIP later merged with the DPJ. (2014–2016)
 * Democratic Party (DP; Minshintō): formed by a merger of the remainder of JIP and the DPJ, the party splinter during the 2017 general election among four groups: the centre-left CDP, the centre-right Kibō no Tō, group of centre align independent block, and the a centre align block remain with the DP. After the election, the more left-leaning centre group join the CDP or remain independent, while the right-leaning centre group merged with the Kibō no Tō to established the DPP. (2016–2018)

Pre- and early constitutional era

 * Freedom and People's Rights Movement and liberal parties in the early House of Representatives
 * Public Party of Patriots (Aikoku Kōtō, 1874, briefly reestablished in 1890 and merged into the (Rikken) Jiyūtō)
 * Self-help Society (Risshisha, 1874–1883)
 * Patriot Society (Aikokusha, 1875–1880)
 * Liberal Party (Jiyūtō, 1881–1884)
 * Constitutional Progressive Party (Rikken Kaishintō, 1882–1896), merged with other groups to form the Progressive Party (Shinpotō)
 * Daidō Club (1889–1890)
 * Liberal Party (Jiyūtō, 1890), merged with other groups to form the Rikken Jiyūtō
 * Oriental Liberal Party (Tōyō Jiyūtō, 1892–1893), asianist, radical liberal
 * Opponents and "moderate faction" (onwa-ha, meaning pro-government; also ritō, "official parties") in the early House of Representatives
 * Constitutional Imperial Rule Party (Rikken Teiseitō, 1882–1883)
 * Great Achievement Association (Taiseikai, 1890–1891)
 * People's Liberal Party (Kokumin Jiyūtō, 1890–1891)
 * Central Negotiations Assembly (Chūō Kōshōkai, 1892–1893)
 * People's Association (Kokumin Kyōkai, 1892–1899)
 * Great Japanese Association (Dainihon Kyōkai, 1893)
 * Independent Club (Dokuritsu Club)
 * Same-minded Club (Dōshi Club)

Empire of Japan until 1940

 * Imperial Party (Teikokutō, 1899–1905)
 * Daidō Club (1905–1910)
 * Yūkōkai (1906–1908)
 * Centre Club (Chūō Club, 1910–1913)
 * Impartial Association, also Upright Party (Chūseikai, 1913–1916)
 * Reform Club (Kakushin Club, 1922–1925)
 * Impartial Club (Chūsei Club, 1924–1925)
 * Shinsei Club (1925–1928)
 * Reform Party (Kakushintō, 1927–1932)
 * Kokumin Dōshikai (1929–1932)
 * People's Union (Kokumin Dōmei, 1932–1940)
 * Shōwakai (1935–1937)
 * Tōhōkai (1936–1944)

Socialist and labour movement

 * Social Democratic Party (Shakaiminshutō, 1901)
 * Japan Socialist Party (1906) (Nihon Shakaitō, 1906–1907)
 * Japanese Commoners Party (Nihon Heimintō, 1906–)
 * Farmers and Workers Party (Nōminrōdōtō, 1925)
 * Workers and Farmers Party (Rōdōnōmintō, 1926–1928)
 * Japanese Workers and Farmers Party (Nihon Rōnōtō, 1926–1928)
 * Japan Farmers Party (Nihon Nōmintō, 1926–1928)
 * Social People Party (Shakai Minshūtō, 1926–1932)
 * Workers and Farmers Party (Rōdōshanōmintō, 1928–)
 * Japanese Masses Party (Nihon Taishūtō, 1928–1930)
 * Workers and Farmers Party (Rōnōtō, 1929–1931)
 * National Masses Party (Zenkoku Taishūtō, 1930–1931)
 * National Workers and Farmers Mass Party (Zenkoku Rōnōtaishūtō, 1931–1932)
 * Socialist Masses Party (Shakai Taishūtō, 1932–1940)

In 1940, all remaining political parties with the exception of the Tōhōkai became part of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association or were banned.

Postwar Japan
Note: Postwar parties often give themselves "English" names which sometimes differ significantly from translations of their Japanese names.

LDP precursor and breakaway parties

 * Japanese Cooperative Party (Nihon Kyōdōtō, centrist party promoting cooperativism by prewar Minseitō politician Sanehiko Yamamoto (1945–1946),
 * Cooperative Democratic Party (Kyōdō Minshutō, created by a merger of the Japanese Cooperative Party with smaller groups (1946–1947),
 * National Party (Kokumintō, centrist party formed by independents and mini-parties (1946–1947),
 * National Cooperative Party (Kokumin Kyōdōtō, 1947–1950), merger of Cooperative Democratic Party and People's Party (1947–1950),
 * Japan Farmers' Party (Nihon Nōmintō, farmers' party mostly represented in Hokkaidō
 * New Farmers' Party (Nōminshintō, (1947–1949)
 * Farmers' Cooperative Party (Nōmin Kyōdōtō, in 1952 some members joined the Progressive Party, others joined the Cooperative Party, a breakaway of right-wing socialists from the JSP (1949–1952)
 * People's Democratic Party (Kokumin Minshutō, created after the Democratic Party split by a merger of the Democratic opposition wing with the People's Cooperative Party of Takeo Miki (1950–1952)
 * New Political Club (Shinsei Club, group around prewar Minseitō politicians returning to politics after the SCAP purge had been lifted, joined the Progressive Party (1951–1952)
 * Japanese Reconstruction League (Nihon Saiken Renmei, group around prewar Minseitō politicians returning to politics after the SCAP purge had been lifted, joined the Liberal Party (1952–1953)
 * Progressive Party (Kaishintō, merger of People's Democratic Party with parts of the Farmers' Cooperative Party and the Shinsei Club, became part of Hatoyama's Japanese Democratic Party in 1954 (1952–1954)
 * Japanese Liberal Party (Nihon Jiyūtō, 1953), generally referred to as Secessionist Liberal Party (buntōha jiyūtō) or Hatoyama Liberal Party, the first breakaway of Ichirō Hatoyama and his followers from the Liberal Party, a majority including Hatoyama returned to the Liberal Party later that year (1953–1953)
 * Japanese Liberal Party (1953) (Nihon Jiyūtō, small group from Hatoyama's Liberal Party that didn't want to return to Yoshida's Liberal Party, joined Hatoyama's Japanese Democratic Party in 1954 (1953–1954)
 * New Liberal Club (Shin Jiyū Club, 1976–1986), breakaway of LDP Diet members predominantly from urban constituencies, in a joint parliamentary group with the Social Democratic Federation in the early 1980s, then part of a coalition government with the LDP under Yasuhiro Nakasone, most returned to the LDP in 1986 (1976–1986)
 * Tax Party (Zeikintō, 1983–1990), party of former New Liberal Club member Chinpei Nozue (1983–1990)
 * Progressive Party (Shinpotō, party of New Liberal Club member Seiichi Tagawa who didn't return to the LDP, dissolved after Tagawa's retirement from politics (1987–1993)
 * New Party Harbinger (Shintō Sakigake, centrist, reformist-ecologist, LDP breakaway in the 1993 no-confidence vote against the Miyazawa Cabinet (1993–1998)
 * New Future Party (Shintō Mirai, 1994), breakaway of five Mitsuzuka faction Representatives, joined the New Frontier Party (1993–1994)
 * Japan Renewal Party (Shinseitō, lit. "Renewal Party", liberal, breakaway of the Hata-Ozawa faction from the LDP in the 1993 no-confidence vote against the Miyazawa Cabinet, joined the New Frontier Party (1993–1994)
 * Kōshikai (1994), breakaway of LDP Diet members opposed to the Grand Coalition with the JSP, joined the New Frontier Party (1994–1994)
 * Sakigake Party (Sakigake, lit. "Harbinger", New Party Harbinger successor after some Diet members had joined the Democratic Party (1998–2002)
 * Japan Greens (Midori no Kaigi, lit. "Green Conference", Sakigake successor of Councillor (until 2004) Atsuo Nakamura (2002–2004)
 * Japan Greens (Midori no Table, lit. "Green Table", "Green Conference" successor, merged with left-wing ecologist Rainbow and Greens to form "Japan Greens" (Midori no Mirai) (2004–2008)
 * People's New Party (PNP; Kokumin Shintō,2005–2013 ) (2005–2013)
 * Sunrise Party (Taiyō no Tō, "Party of the Sun"), formed in November 2012 by Takeo Hiranuma's Sunrise Party of Japan (Tachiagare Nippon, "Rise up, Japan") and Shintarō Ishihara who resigned as governor of Tokyo to return to national politics, merged into Japan Restoration Party in November 2012 (2010–2012)

JSP breakaway parties

 * Socialist Reform Party (Shakai Kakushintō, renamed (1948–1951)
 * Workers and Farmers Party (Rōdōshanōmintō, rejoined the JSP (1948–1957)
 * Social Democratic Party (Shakaiminshutō, 1951–1952), renamed
 * Cooperative Party (Kyōdōtō, 1952), (re-)joined the right-wing Socialists (1952–1952)
 * Democratic Socialist Party (Japan) (Minshu-shakaitō, abbreviated and later officially Minshatō, social-democratic, broke off from the JSP over the US-Japanese security treaty of 1960, joined the NFP (1960–1994)
 * Socialist Citizens' Federation (Shakai Shimin Rengō, right-wing JSP breakaway around Saburō Eda (1977–1978)
 * Socialist Club (Shakai Club, right-wing JSP breakaway around Hideo Den (1977–1978)
 * Social Democratic Federation (Shakaiminshu Rengō, merger of Socialist Citizens' Federation and Socialist Club, led by Hideo Den, then by Eda's son Satsuki, in a joint parliamentary group with the New Liberal Club in the early 1980s, dissolved in 1994, most members joined Japan New Party (1978–1994)
 * New Party 'Liberals for Protecting the Constitution' (Shintō Goken Liberal, party around Hideo Den, opposed to the NFP and supporting the JSP-LDP Murayama Cabinet, split into Heiwa Shimin (Peace – Citizens) and Kenpō Midori-nō no Rentai (Constitution, Green Agriculture Collective), Den joined the Sangiin Forum (1994–1995)
 * Citizens' League (Shimin Rengō, JSP breakaway opposed to the "Grand" Coalition with the LDP around Sadao Yamahana and Banri Kaieda, joined the Democratic Party (1995–1996)

Other NFP and DPJ precursor and breakaway parties

 * Rengō no Kai formed as political arm of the newly formed RENGO trade union federation (a merger of JSP-aligned Sōhyō and DSP-aligned Dōmei), helped win an opposition majority in the House of Councillors in 1989, renamed (1989–1993)
 * Japan New Party (Nihon Shintō, liberal, (1992–1994)
 * Democratic Reform Party (Minshu Kaikaku Rengō, lit. "Democratic Reform League", joined the "new" Democratic Party (1993–1998)
 * New Kōmei Party (Kōmei Shintō, "New Justice Party", 1994), one of two groups resulting from the dissolution of Kōmeitō (1994–1994)
 * Sun Party (Taiyōtō, liberal reformist, NFP breakaway around Tsutomu Hata, joined Minseitō (1996–1998)
 * Democratic Party of Japan (1996–1998) (Minshutō, "Democratic Party", liberal, 1996–1998), formed by Naoto Kan Yukio Hatoyama and of New Party Harbinger, then part of the Grand Coalition with LDP and SDP, together with SDP and NFP politicians; after the dissolution of the NFP most successor parties joined the DPJ parliamentary group and merged a few months later to form the "new" Democratic Party (1996–1998)
 * From Five, NFP breakaway around Morihiro Hosokawa, joined Minseitō (1997–1998)
 * New Fraternity Party (Shintō Yūai, liberal reformist, 1998), NFP successor around Kansei Nakano (1998–1998)
 * Liberal Party (Japan, 1998) (Jiyūtō, liberal, 1998–2003), party of Ichirō Ozawa followers after the New Frontier Party had dissolved, joined the LDP in a coalition government from 1999 to 2000 (1998–2003)
 * Good Governance Party (Minseitō, "Democratic Party", liberal, 1998), merger of three member parties of the DPJ parliamentary group (1998–1998)
 * Voice of the People (Kokumin no Koe, 1998), NFP successor around Michihiko Kano, joined Minseitō (1998–1998)
 * Reform Club (Japan, 1998) (Kaikaku Club, NFP successor around Tatsuo Ozawa (1998–2002)
 * New Peace Party (Shintō Heiwa, 1998), NFP successor of former Kōmeitō Representatives, reestablished Kōmeitō (1998–1998)
 * Dawn Club (Reimei Club, 1998), NFP successor of former Kōmeitō Councillors, merged with Kōmei and reestablished Kōmeitō (1998–1998)
 * Conservative Party (Japan) (Hoshutō, liberal, 2000–2002), a breakaway group from the Liberal Party wanting to continue the coalition with the LDP and Kōmeitō (2000–2002)
 * New Conservative Party (Hoshushintō, liberal, 2002–2003), merger of parts of the Conservative Party (others returned to the LDP) with a breakaway group from the Democratic Party, joined the LDP (2002–2003)
 * Japan Renaissance Party (Kaikaku Club, lit. "Reform Club", conservative, formed during the "twisted Diet" (nejire kokkai, opposition majority in the House of Councillors) by Democratic and independent Councillors ready to cooperate with the LDP-Kōmeitō government, formed New Renaissance Party
 * New Renaissance Party (Kaikaku Shintō, lit. "New Reform Party"; 2010–2016)
 * Kizuna Party (Shintō Kizuna, "New Kizuna Party"), founded in December 2011 by former Ozawa Democrats, opposed to VAT hike, opposed to joining TPP, merged into People's Life First in 2012 (2011–2012)
 * People's Life First (Kokumin no Seikatsu ga Daiichi, LF), founded by Ichirō Ozawa and other DPJ Diet members opposing a planned sales tax increase in Summer 2012, merged into TPJ in November 2012 (2012–2012)

Others

 * Japanese Women's Party (Nihon Joseitō, 1977), short-lived party of feminist leader Misako Enoki (1977–1977)
 * Welfare Party (Fukushitō, 1983–?), party of Representative Eita Yashiro who joined the LDP in 1984, the party never won a seat in the Diet again and eventually dissolved
 * Sports and Peace Party (Supōtsu Heiwa Tō, centrist, (1989–2004)
 * Truth Party (Shinritō, 1989–?), party of Ōmu Shinrikyō founder Shōkō Asahara, its 25 candidates in the 1990 House of Representatives election altogether but a few thousand votes
 * Nakayoshi no Tō, a women's party that regularly contested House of Councillors proportional elections (1993–2016)
 * Kōmei ("Justice", one of two groups resulting from the dissolution of Kōmeitō, merged with Reimei Club and reestablished Kōmeitō (1994–1998)
 * Liberal League (Jiyū Rengō, libertarian, (1994–2005)
 * House of Councillors Forum (Sangiin Forum, group formed by ex-SDF Councillor Hideo Den and independents (Motoo Shiina and others) (1995–1996)
 * Rainbow and Greens (Niji to Midori, green, (1998–2008)
 * formerly House of Councillors Club (Sangiin Club, centrist, parliamentary group of Motoo Shiina, Masami Tanabu and others (1998–1999)
 * Independents (Mushozoku no Kai, lit. "assembly of independents", centrist, (1999–2004)
 * The Spirit of Japan Party (Nippon Sōshintō, lit. "Japan Innovation Party"), formed by prefectural and municipal politicians in 2010, dissolved to join Japan Restoration Party in 2012 (2010–2012)
 * Tax Cuts Japan (Genzei Nippon – Han TTP – Datsu-Genpatsu o Jitsugen suru Tō, "Tax Cuts Japan, Anti-TPP, Nuclear Phaseout Realization Party"; Datsu-Genpatsu), founded in a merger of Genzei Nippon ("Tax Cuts Japan") and Han-TPP in November 2012, merged into TPJ in November 2012 (2012–2012)
 * "Anti-TPP, Nuclear Phaseout, Consumption Tax Hike Freeze Realization Party" (Han-TPP — Datsu-Genpatsu — Shōhizei Zōzei Tōketsu wo Jitsugen Suru Tō; Han-TPP), founded by Masahiko Yamada and Shizuka Kamei in November 2012 following their respective departures from the DPJ and the PNP, merged with Genzei Nippon in November 2012. (2012–2012)
 * Tomorrow Party of Japan Nippon Mirai no Tō, short-lived anti-nuclear party formed by a merger between Ichirō Ozawa's People's Life First and the Datsu-Genpatsu ("nuclear phaseout") party, itself a merger of Masahiko Yamada's Han-TPP ("anti-TPP") and Takashi Kawamura's Genzei Nippon ("Tax cuts Japan"), and the Representatives who had joined Green Wind. Lost all of its seats and dissolved into Green Wind in 2013. (2012–2013)
 * Green Wind - Another short-lived anti-nuclear party. Dissolved in 2013. (2012–2013)
 * Party for Japanese Kokoro (Nippon no Kokoro) - Originally established as the 'Party for Future Generations' in 2014, led by Shintaro Ishihara. Split from the Japan Restoration Party, its last member was transferred to the LDP in 2018 and the party was dissolved. (2014–2018)
 * Internet Breakthrough Party of Japan (led by Iron Chef Commentator and Judge and former LDP member Shinichirō Kurimoto)
 * Kibō no Tō, Party of Hope, national version of the localist party Tomin First no Kai. At the beginning it attached many electors from the left-leaning Democratic Party, but in 2018 most of those members left for Democratic Party for the People. As remaining party members continue to leave the party, the party disbanded in year 2021 as its last representative announced retirement. (2017–2021)
 * Kyowa Party (lit. Republican Party, (2020–present) formed by former Prime Minister and Democratic Party of Japan leader Yukio Hatoyama

Political parties in U.S. Okinawa

 * Okinawa People's Party (Okinawa Jinmintō, communist, 1947–1973), joined the Japanese Communist Party after the return to the mainland
 * Okinawa Social Mass Party (Okinawa Shakai Taishūtō, pro-reversion, socialist, 1950–), after the return to the mainland, a merger with the Japanese Socialist Party was planned, and its only Representative joined the DSP, but the party continues to exist as a regional party
 * Ryukyu Democratic Party (Ryūkyū Minshutō, conservative, 1952–1959)
 * Okinawa Liberal Democratic Party (1959) (Okinawa Jiyūminshutō, 1959–?), split over the "Caraway whirlwind" of High Commissioner Lt. Gen. Paul W. Caraway
 * Democratic Party (Minshutō, 1964–1967), renamed
 * Okinawa Liberal Democratic Party (1967) (Okinawa Jiyūminshutō, 1967–1970), became the prefectural federation of the mainland Liberal Democratic Party

title: List of political parties in Japan


text:
List of political parties in Latvia

This is a list of political parties in Latvia. Latvia has a multi-party system, where often no one party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Major parties
The following are parties represented in the Saeima or the European Parliament.

Minor and regional parties

 * Republic (Republika, R)
 * Latvian Russian Union (Latvijas Krievu savienība, LKS)
 * Alliance of Young Latvians (Apvienība Jaunlatvieši, AJ)
 * United for Latvia (Vienoti Latvijai, VL)
 * The Conservatives (Konservatīvie, K)
 * Action Party (Rīcības partija)
 * Awakening (Atmoda)
 * Awakening for Latvia (Atmoda Latvijai, formerly For Latvia from the Heart, NSL)
 * Christian Democratic Union (Kristīgi Demokrātiskā Savienība, KDS)
 * Centre Party (Centra partija)
 * For a Humane Latvia (Par cilvēcīgu Latviju, PCL)
 * For Each and Every One (Katram un katrai, KuK)
 * For Latvia and Ventspils (Latvijai un Ventspilij, LuV) – nationally allied with the Union of Greens and Farmers
 * Force of People's Power (Tautas Varas Spēks, TVS)
 * Growth (Izaugsme) – part of Development/For!
 * Heritage of the Fatherland (Tēvzemes mantojums, TM)
 * Honor to serve Riga (Gods kalpot Rīgai, GKR)
 * National Power Unity (Nacionālā Savienība Taisnīgums, NST)
 * Latgale Party (Latgales partija) – in Latgale; allied with Unity within the New Unity alliance
 * People's Servants for Latvia (Tautas kalpi Latvijai, TKL)
 * Progressive Christian Party (Kristīgi Progresīvā partija, KPP)
 * Latvian Social Democratic Labour Party (Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā Strādnieku Partija, LSDSP), part of Union of Greens and Farmers
 * Socialist Party of Latvia (Latvijas Sociālistiskā partija, LSP)
 * Sovereign Power (Suverēnā vara, SV)

Defunct parties and alliances

 * Popular Front of Latvia (Latvijas Tautas Fronte, LTF)
 * Reform Party (Reformu partija, RP) (2011-2015)
 * People's Party (Tautas Partija, TP)
 * New Era Party (Jaunais Laiks, JL)
 * All For Latvia! (Visu Latvijai!, VL) (2006-2011)
 * Civic Union (Pilsoniskā Savienība, PS)
 * Communist Party of Latvia (Latvijas Komunistiskā Partija, LKP) – banned in 1991
 * Democratic Center Party (Demokrātiskā Centra Partija, DCP)
 * Daugavpils City Party (Daugavpils Pilsētas Partija, DPP)
 * Democratic Party "Saimnieks" (Demokrātiskā Partija "Saimnieks", DPS)
 * Equal Rights (Līdztiesība, ER)
 * For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK, TB/LNNK)
 * For the Native Language! (Par Dzimto Valodu!)
 * Free Choice in a People's Europe (Brīvā izvēle tautu Eiropā, BITE)
 * Workers' Party (Darba Partija, DP)
 * Honor to Serve Our Latvia (Gods kalpot mūsu Latvijai, GKML)
 * Latvian Social Democratic Party (Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā Partija, LSDP)
 * Latvian National Independence Movement (Latvijas Nacionālās Neatkarības Kustība, LNNK)
 * Latvian Nationalists (Latviešu Nacionālisti)
 * Latvia's First Party (Latvijas Pirmā Partija, LPP)
 * Latvian Way (Latvijas Ceļš, LC)
 * National Harmony Party (Tautas Saskaņas Partija, TSP)
 * New Centre (Jaunais Centrs, JC)
 * New Party (Jaunā Partija, JP)
 * Our Land (Mūsu Zeme)
 * People of Latgale (Latgales Tauta, LT)
 * Popular Movement for Latvia (Tautas Kustība Latvijai, TKL)
 * Social Democratic Party (Sociāldemokrātiskā partija, SDS)
 * Socialist Workers and Peasants Party of Latvia (Latvijas Sociālistiskā Strādnieku un Zemnieku Partija)
 * Society for Political Change (Sabiedrība Citai Politikai, SCP)
 * Anti-Centrist Party
 * Christian Peasant and Catholic Party (Latgales kristīgo zemnieku un katoļu partija, LKZKP)
 * New Farmers-Small Landowners Party (Latvijas Jaunsaimnieku un sīkgruntnieku partija, LJSP)
 * United Polish Parties (Apvienotās poļu partijas)
 * Committee Of The German Baltic Parties (Ausschuß der Deutschbaltischen Parteien, ADP)
 * Christian National Union (CNU)
 * Latgalian Progressive Farmers (LPF)
 * Polish Catholic Party (PC)
 * Progressive Union (PA)

title: List of political parties in Latvia


text:
List of political parties in Lithuania

This article lists political parties in Lithuania. Lithuania has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. , there are 22 active political parties, one inactive political party, and three political parties that are in the process of disestablishment registered with the Ministry of Justice.

, Lithuania has a total of 101,003 people  registered as party members and is experiencing a sharp decline in political congregation, with a % decrease from the start of public membership tracking in 2018. This is at least partially a result of a low trust in political parties with the institution firmly occupying the top-2 least trusted positions in the country, alongside the Seimas, in opinion polls.

Current parties in the parliament
There are currently twelve parties represented in the Seimas. The current government is a broad majority coalition of the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats, Liberal Movement and Freedom Party.

Parties without parliamentary representation

 * People and Justice Union (Centrists, Nationalists) (Tautos ir teisingumo sąjunga (centristai, tautininkai)) – 6,768 members, party leader is Petras Gražulis
 * Freedom and Justice (Laisvė ir teisingumas) – 4,125 members, party leader is Artūras Paulauskas
 * Lithuania - For Everyone (Lietuva - visų) – 4,096 members, party leader is Tomas Pačėsas
 * Party "Together with the Vytis" (Partija "Kartu su Vyčiu") – 2,731 members, party leader is Vaclovas Fortunatas Žutautas
 * Christian Union (Krikščionių sąjunga) – 2,387 members, party leader is Rimantas Jonas Dagys
 * Lithuanian People's Party (Lietuvos liaudies partija) – 2,328 members, party leader is Tauras Jakelaitis
 * Lithuanian Green Party (Lietuvos žaliųjų partija) – 2,304 members, party leader is Ieva Budraitė
 * Centre of Trade Unions (Profesinių sąjungų centras) – 2,233 members, party leader is Kęstutis Juknis
 * KArtu – 2,093 members, party leader is Jolanta Bielskienė.
 * Samogitian Party (Žemaičių partija, Samogitian: Žemaitiu partėjė) – 2,020 members, party leader is Irena Stražinskaitė-Glinskienė
 * National Alliance (Nacionalinis susivienijimas) – 2,017 members, party leader is Vytautas Radžvilas
 * Lithuanian List (Lietuvos sąrašas) – 2,002 members, party leader is Darius Kuolys
 * Lithuanian Family Movement (Young Lithuania) (Lietuvos šeimų sąjunga (Jaunoji Lietuva)) – 2,000 members, party leader is Stanislovas Buškevičius

Inactive parties
, one political party has not submitted the necessary documents to be registered for the upcoming elections.
 * The Way of Courage (Drąsos kelias)  – 2,136 members, party leader is Jonas Varkala

Parties undergoing liquidation

 * Order and Justice (Tvarka ir teisingumas) - since 2020 merger to form Freedom and Justice, party leader is Almantas Petkus
 * Union for National Unity (Tautos vienybės sąjunga) - since 2016, the lead liquidator is Česlovas Banevičius.
 * Lithuanian Political Prisoners Party (Lietuvos politinių kalinių partija) - since 2008, –party leader is Zigmas Medineckas

Defunct and unregistered parties

 * Civic Democratic Party (Pilietinės demokratijos partija)
 * Centre Union of Lithuania (Lietuvos centro sąjunga)
 * Christian Democratic Union (Krikščionių demokratų sąjunga)
 * Liberal and Centre Union (Lietuvos liberalų ir centro sąjunga)
 * Christian Conservative Social Union (Krikščionių konservatorių socialinė sąjunga)
 * Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (Lietuvos demokratinė darbo partija)
 * Front (Frontas)
 * Labourist Party (Leiboristų partija)
 * Liberal Union of Lithuania (Lietuvos liberalų sąjunga)
 * Lithuanian Christian Democrats (Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai)
 * Lithuanian Nationalist and Republican Union (Lietuvių tautininkų ir respublikonų sąjunga)
 * Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees (Lietuvos politinių kalinių ir tremtinių sąjunga)
 * Lithuanian Party of the Economy (Lietuvos ūkio partija)
 * Lithuanian Peasants Party (Lietuvos valstiečių partija)
 * Lithuanian People's Party (Lietuvos žmonių partija)
 * Modern Christian-Democratic Union (Moderniųjų krikščionių demokratų sąjunga)
 * National Resurrection Party (Tautos prisikėlimo partija)
 * New Democracy Party (Naujosios demokratijos partija)
 * New Union (Social Liberals) (Naujoji Sąjunga (Socialliberalai))
 * Socialist Party of Lithuania (Lietuvos socialistų partija)
 * Lithuanian Freedom Union (Liberals) (Lietuvos Laisvės Sąjunga (Liberalai))
 * Socialist People's Front (Socialistinis liaudies frontas)
 * Dawn of Justice (Teisingumo Aušra)
 * Life Logic Party of Lithuania (Lietuvos gyvenimo logikos partija)
 * Union of the Fighters for Lithuania (Kovotojų už Lietuvą sąjunga)
 * Russian Alliance (Rusų aljansas)
 * Republican League (Respublikonų lyga, Polish: Liga Republikańska)

Historical parties

 * Lithuanian Democratic Party
 * Lithuanian Popular Socialist Democratic Party
 * Peasant Union
 * Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
 * Democratic National Freedom League
 * Farmers Party
 * Communist Party of Lithuania

title: List of political parties in Lithuania


text:
List of political parties in Luxembourg

This article lists political parties in Luxembourg.

Luxembourg has a multi-party system with three strong political parties; two other moderately successful parties have emerged recently. No single party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Current parties
The number given for local councillors is the total of councillors elected to communal councils that employ proportional representation. In majoritarian communes, parties do not usually run in the same manner, making comparisons difficult.

Pre-1945 parties

 * Independent National Party
 * Liberal League
 * Left Liberals
 * Party of the Right
 * Radical Liberal Party
 * Radical Party
 * Socialist Party
 * Volksdeutsche Bewegung

Post-1945 parties

 * Communist League of Luxemburg, a Maoist party
 * Enrôlés de Force, a single-issue party
 * Free Party of Luxembourg, a right-wing populist party
 * Green and Liberal Alliance, a green liberal party
 * National Movement, a far-right party
 * Party of the Third Age, a pensioners' party
 * Popular Independent Movement, a single-issue party
 * Revolutionary Socialist Party, a Trotskyist party
 * Social Democratic Party, a social democratic party
 * The Taxpayer, a libertarian party

title: List of political parties in Luxembourg


text:
List of political parties in Malaysia

This is a list of political parties in Malaysia, including existing and historical ones.

Legislation
Under the current legislation, all political parties (termed "Political Associations") must be registered under the Societies Act.

Anti-hopping parties law
In Malaysian politics, a frog (Malay: katak politik) (Sabahan: Buhangkut politik) refers to an act where a politician crosses the bench from one party to another (changing support). This term was first coined in during the 1994 Sabah state elections after United Sabah Party losing its majority even the party won the state elections. Despite its usage nationwide, it is more familiar within the state of Sabah. Since May 25, 2023, nine states of Malaysia has approved the "Anti-Switching Parties Law" or "Anti-Hopping Parties Law" for both states legislative assembly and parliament including Sabah and Sarawak.

Election expenses
The Election Offences Act (1954) regulates the maximum expenses allowed for candidates vying for parliamentary seats and for state seats during the campaign period (excluding before the nomination day and after election day). The permissible campaign expenditure set by the Election Offences Act (1954) is RM 100,000 per candidate for state seats and RM 200,000 per candidate for federal seats. According to this guideline, with 505 state seats and 222 parliamentary seats in the 2013 general election, the maximum amount that Barisan Nasional was allowed to spend was only about RM 95 million. Due to the lack of records and regulations, Malaysian politicians may not even know how much they spent on their campaigns or overspending the expenditure than permitted by law. Another related problem was the secrecy surrounding political funds and their use. Although many politicians, including members of newly appointed cabinets, voluntarily disclosed their personal finances, such disclosure is not compulsory and many sources of revenue remain obscure.

Election deposits
The deposit was RM 10,000 to contest a parliamentary seat, or RM 5,000 to contest a state assembly seat. The deposit is used to pay for infringements of election laws and is returned after polling day unless the candidate loses and fails to garner more than 12.5 per cent or one-eighth of the votes cast. Additionally it is required that each candidate provide a RM 5,000 deposit for cleaning up banners and posters after the election.

Political donations
Political donations are legal in Malaysia. There is no limit, and parties are not obliged to disclose the source of the funding, which makes political donations a vague subject but still entirely legal in the country. All political donations are allowed to be given into accounts of individuals and accounts of the political party. Anonymous donors and foreigners may request to not to reveal their identities.

Political parties are funded by contributions from:
 * party members and individual supporters (via membership fees/dues/subscriptions and/or local/foreign small donations),
 * organisations, which share their political views (e.g. by trade union affiliation fees) or which stand to benefit from their activities (e.g. by local/foreign corporate donations) or
 * taxpayers respectively the general revenue fund (by grants that are called state aid, government or public funding).

Parties represented in the Parliament and/or the state legislative assemblies
This is the list of coalitions and parties that have representation in the Parliament of Malaysia (Dewan Rakyat & Dewan Negara) and/or the state legislative assemblies, sorted by seats held in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia. Unless noted, numbers exclude independents and loose allies linked to each party

Pakatan Harapan (PH, Alliance of Hope)
The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS).

Perikatan Nasional (PN, National Alliance)
The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS).

Barisan Nasional (BN, National Front)
The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS).

Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA, Homeland Movement)
The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS).

Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS, Sarawak Parties Coalition)
The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS).

Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS, Sabah People's Coalition)
The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS).

Parties without representation in the Parliament and the state legislative assemblies
This is the list of active coalitions and parties that do not have representation in the Parliament of Malaysia (Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara) and the state legislative assemblies, sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). Parties that are part of a coalition that is represented are not listed here even if the party itself is not represented. This list does not include parties that are active but have yet to be registered with the ROS or EC such as the Green Party of Malaysia.

Parties registered with the ROS and EC
Political parties registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS) and with the Election Commission (EC).

Parties registered with the ROS but not with the EC
Political parties registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS) but not with the Election Commission (EC). They are therefore unable or able to contest in elections using their own symbols.

Historical parties
These organisations have never been or are no longer registered as political bodies, and can thus no longer contest elections. Parties that were registered in British Malaya but operated solely in the territory of Singapore are also excluded from this list. Parties that have been renamed but still exist today as registered political parties are also excluded from this list. A number of these may still exist as organisations in some form, but none are recognised as political parties.

title: List of political parties in Malaysia


text:
List of political parties in Malta

This article lists political parties in Malta. Since World War II, Maltese political culture has developed into a two-party system dominated by the centre-left Labour Party (Partit Laburista) and the centre-right Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista). Although other political parties have presented candidates and, in some cases, elected MPs, in most cases these were splinter groups of the main parties and, on the rare occasions when they were successful, this success was short-lived.

In the case of Local Councils however, independent candidates and village-dedicated parties have better chances of being elected. For example, Għarb l-Ewwel (en: Għarb First) is the only party of this kind to hold representation in a Local Council. There is a total of two elected independent councillors around Malta and Gozo, activist Steve Zammit Lupi in Ħaż-Żebbuġ (Malta) and Nicky Saliba in Żebbuġ (Gozo). For Żebbuġ, Gozo, former PN Mayor Nicky Saliba ran in 2019 as an independent candidate and was elected, causing a deadlock for the mayorship in the 5-seat Żebbuġ council. He was re-elected mayor all the same and remains in this post to this day.

Until 2015, there was no law in Malta requiring the registration and regulation of political parties; the General Elections Act made the necessary provisions for party participation in elections but no official list was maintained between elections. The Financing of Political Parties Act, which passed in 2015 and came into effect on 1 January 2016, introduced the requirement for political parties to register themselves with the Electoral Commission and declare all donations in order to be able to field candidates in general elections and European Parliament elections. The Labour Party was the first party to attempt to register, on 3 June 2016, however its statute was not compliant, therefore making Moviment Patrijotti Maltin the first party to be officially registered, on 24 November 2016. The Labour Party was finally registered on 22 April 2017.

Defunct parties

 * Alleanza Nazzjonali Repubblikana
 * Alliance of Liberal Democrats Malta
 * Alpha Liberal Democratic Party
 * Anti-Reform Party
 * Christian Workers' Party (active during 1960's Church/PL conflict)
 * Constitutional Party
 * Democratic Alternative
 * Democratic Action Party
 * Democratic Nationalist Party (1921–26)
 * Democratic Nationalist Party (1959–66)
 * Democratic Party (1987)
 * Democratic Party (2016-20)
 * Eagle Party (Partit tal-Ajkla)
 * Gozo Party
 * Jones Party
 * Independent Labour Party
 * Integrity Party
 * Libertas Malta
 * Malta Workers Party
 * Maltese Political Union
 * National Action
 * Progressive Constitutionalist Party
 * Brain, not ego

title: List of political parties in Malta


text:
List of political parties in Peru

This article lists political parties in Peru. Peru has a multi-party system with several political parties competing in legislative elections according to a party-list proportional representation system. As a consequence, it is rare for any single political organization to obtain an absolute majority in the Congress of Peru, thus, these parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.

Active parties without registration

 * ADP Political Party
 * Battle Peru
 * Christian Democratic Party
 * Christian People's Party
 * Citizen Force
 * Citizens for Peru Party
 * Country For All
 * Communist Party of Peru (Red Fatherland)
 * Communist Party of Peru (Marxist-Leninist)
 * Direct Democracy
 * Good Government Party
 * Green Earth Transformative Coalition
 * Hacer País
 * Let's Progress
 * Modern Force Party
 * Movement for Socialism (currently part of Together for Peru)
 * Nation Now
 * New Peru
 * People First
 * Peru Nation
 * Peruvian Communist Party (currently part of Together for Peru)
 * Peru Secure Homeland (formerly Cambio 90)
 * Socialist Party (currently part of New Peru)
 * Unity and Peace Party
 * Voices of the People
 * Yes, I Believe Party

Since the 2001 general election

 * All for Victory
 * Youth Independent Movement

Since the 2006 general election

 * And It's Called Peru
 * Andean Renaissance
 * Democratic Force
 * Democratic Reconstruction
 * Independent Moralizing Front
 * Let's Make Progress Peru
 * National Justice
 * Peru Now
 * Peruvian Resurgence
 * Project Country
 * With Force Peru

Since the 2011 general election

 * Decentralist Social Force Party (merged with Citizens for Change)
 * Forward
 * Justicie, Technology, and Ecology
 * National Awakening
 * National Force
 * National Renewal
 * New Left Movement
 * New Majority
 * Radical Change
 * Sí Cumple

Since the 2016 general election

 * Hope Front
 * Order
 * Peru Progressing
 * Possible Peru

Since the 2021 general election

 * All for Peru
 * Broad Front for Justice, Life and Freedom
 * Contigo (formerly Peruvians for Change)
 * Let's Go Peru
 * National Victory (formerly National Restoration)
 * National United Renaissance (formerly Always Together)
 * Peruvian Nationalist Party
 * Union for Peru

Historical political parties

 * Civilista Party (Partido Civil)
 * Decentralist Party
 * Decentralist Party of the South
 * Democrat Party
 * Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata)
 * Democratic Vanguard Party
 * Independent Civic Movement (Movimiento Cívico Independiente)
 * Independent Civil Party
 * Labour Party of Peru
 * Liberal Party (Partido Liberal del Perú)
 * National Alliance
 * National Civic Union
 * National Union (Unión Nacional)
 * National Party (Partido Nacional)
 * National Integration Party
 * National Renewal Movement
 * Nationalist Party of Peru (Eguiguren)
 * Nationalist Party of Peru (Revilla)
 * Odriíst National Union (Unión Nacional Odriísta)
 * Peruvian Democratic Union
 * Regionalist National Party of the Centre
 * Republican Party of Peru
 * Revolutionary Democratic Action
 * Revolutionary Vanguard (Politico-Military)
 * Urban Rural Trade Unionist Party of Peru

Former Coalitions

 * Popular Action-Christian Democracy Alliance (Alianza Acción Popular-Democracia Cristiana)
 * APRA-UNO Coalition (Coalición APRA-UNO)
 * United Left (Izquierda Unida)
 * Democratic Convergence (Convergencia Democrática)
 * Socialist Left (Socialist Left)
 * Democratic Front (Frente Democrático, FREDEMO)
 * Peru 2000 (Perú 2000)
 * National Unity (Unidad Nacional)
 * Alliance for the Future (Alianza por el Futuro)
 * Center Front (Frente de Centro)
 * Decentralization Coalition (Concertación Descentralista)
 * Alliance for the Great Change (Alianza por el Gran Cambio)
 * Possible Peru Alliance (Alianza Electoral Perú Posible)
 * Popular Alliance (Alianza Popular)
 * Alliance for the Progress of Peru (Alianza para el Progreso del Perú)
 * National Solidarity Alliance (Alianza Solidaridad Nacional)

Armed rebel groups

 * Revolutionary Left Movement (Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria)
 * Shining Path (also known as Partido Comunista del Perú – Sendero Luminoso)
 * Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru)
 * Militarized Communist Party of Peru (Militarizado Partido Comunista del Perú)

title: List of political parties in Peru