text:
List of United States electric companies

The following page lists electric utilities in the United States.

Largest utilities by revenue (2022)
Reference:

Alabama

 * Alabama Municipal Electric Authority
 * Albertville Municipal Utilities Board
 * Arab Electric Cooperative, Inc.
 * Alabama Power, a part of the Southern Company
 * Athens Utilities, Athens, Limestone County
 * Cherokee Electric Cooperative
 * Cullman Electric Cooperative, Cullman city and county, Touchstone Energy
 * Utilities Board of the City of Cullman
 * Decatur Utilities, Municipal Utilities Board of Decatur, Morgan County, Alabama
 * Florence Utilities, City of Florence, Lauderdale County
 * Franklin Electric Cooperatives, Franklin, Colbert and Lawrence Counties in northwest Alabama
 * Guntersville Electric Board
 * Huntsville UtilitiesCity of Huntsville, Madison County
 * Joe Wheeler Electric Member Cooperative – Morgan, Lawrence counties, part of Touchstone Energy Cooperatives
 * Marshall-DeKalb Electric Cooperative
 * PowerSouth Energy Cooperative
 * Sand Mountain Electric Cooperative DeKalb, Jackson, Marshall and Cherokee counties
 * Scottsboro Electric Power Board
 * Tennessee Valley Authority
 * Tombigbee Electric Cooperative HQ and service in Hamilton, and Marion County Alabama, with service also in Mississippi
 * Wiregrass Electric Cooperative

Alaska

 * Alaska Electric Light & Power
 * Chugach Electric Association
 * Copper Valley Electric Association
 * Golden Valley Electric Association
 * Kodiak Electric Association

Arizona

 * Arizona Public Service
 * Salt River Project
 * Tucson Electric Power
 * UniSource Energy Services
 * Page Power and Water

Arkansas

 * Southwestern Electric Power Company
 * Entergy Arkansas, Inc.
 * Associated Electrical Cooperative Incorporated

California

 * Alameda Municipal Power
 * Anaheim Public Utilities
 * Azusa Light & Water
 * Burbank Water & Power
 * Direct Energy
 * East Bay Municipal Utility District
 * Glendale Public Service Department
 * Gridley Municipal Utilities
 * Healdsburg Municipal Electric Department
 * Imperial Irrigation District
 * Island Energy
 * Modesto Irrigation District
 * Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
 * Nevada Irrigation District
 * O'Brien Cogeneration
 * Pacific Gas and Electric
 * Pasadena Water & Power
 * PacifiCorp (Pacific Power)
 * Riverside Public Utilities
 * Sacramento Municipal Utility District
 * San Diego Gas & Electric
 * San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
 * Santa Clara Electric Department
 * Sierra-Pacific Power
 * Southern California Edison
 * Southern California Public Power Authority
 * TID Water & Power - Turlock Irrigation District

Colorado

 * Xcel Energy
 * Intermountain Rural Electrical Association
 * Colorado Springs Utilities
 * Platte River Power Authority
 * United Power, Inc.
 * Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association (A cooperative of Touchstone )
 * Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association (Cooperative of Touchstone Energy)
 * La Plata Electric Association (A cooperative of Touchstone Energy)
 * Western Area Power Administration
 * City of Fountain Electric

Connecticut

 * AVANGRID (The United Illuminating Company)
 * Direct Energy
 * Eversource Energy (Connecticut Light and Power, Northeast Utilities)

Delaware

 * Ambit Energy
 * City of Dover Electric Department
 * City of Milford Electric Department
 * City of Newark Electric Department
 * WAPDA
 * City of Seaford Electric Department
 * Delaware Electric Cooperative
 * Delaware Municipal Electric Corporation
 * Delmarva Power, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Lewes Board of Public Works
 * Municipal Services Commission of the City of New Castle
 * Town of Clayton Electric Department
 * Town of Middletown Electric Department
 * Town of Smyrna Electric Department
 * Direct Energy

District of Columbia

 * PEPCO, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Direct Energy

Florida

 * Beaches Energy Services

 * Central Florida Electric Cooperative

 * Choctawhatchee Electric Cooperative
 * City of Alachua Public Services Department
 * City of Bartow Electric Department
 * City of Blountstown Electric Department
 * City of Bushnell Utilities Department
 * City of Chattahoochee Electric Department
 * City of Fort Meade Utilities Department
 * City of Green Cove Springs Utilities Department
 * City of Lake Worth Utilities Department
 * City of Moore Haven Utilities Department
 * City of Mount Dora Electric Utility
 * City of New Smyrna Beach Utilities Commission
 * City of Newberry Electric Utility
 * City of Quincy Utilities Department
 * City of Starke Utilities Department
 * City of Tallahassee Utilities
 * City of Vero Beach Electric Utilities
 * City of Wachula Utilities
 * City of Williston Utilities Department
 * City of Winter Park Electric Utility Department
 * Clay Electric Cooperative
 * Clewiston Utilities
 * Duke Energy Florida, a part of Duke Energy
 * Escambia River Electric Cooperative
 * Florida Keys Electric Cooperative
 * Florida Municipal Power Agency
 * Florida Power & Light, a part of NextEra Energy
 * Florida Public Utilities, a part of Chesapeake Utilities
 * Fort Pierce Utilities Authority
 * Gainesville Regional Utilities
 * Glades Electric Cooperative
 * Gulf Coast Electric Cooperative
 * Gulf Power Company, a part of NextEra Energy
 * Homestead Public Services
 * JEA
 * Keys Energy Services
 * Kissimmee Utility Authority
 * Lakeland Electric
 * Lake Worth Utilities
 * Lee County Electric Cooperative
 * Leesburg Electric Department
 * Ocala Electric Utility
 * Okefenoke Rural Electric Membership Corporation
 * Orlando Utilities Commission
 * Palm Peach
 * Peace River Electric Cooperative
 * Progress Energy Florida
 * PowerSouth Energy Cooperative
 * Reedy Creek Energy Services
 * St. Cloud Utilities
 * Seminole Electric Cooperative
 * Sumter Electric Cooperative
 * Suwannee Valley Electric Cooperative
 * Talquin Electric Cooperative
 * TECO Energy, a part of Emera
 * Town of Havana Utilities
 * Tri-County Electric Cooperative
 * West Florida Electric Cooperative
 * Withlacoochee River Electric Cooperative

Georgia

 * Georgia Power, a part of the Southern Company
 * Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia (MEAG Power)
 * Oglethorpe Power
 * BSDK Power
 * Tennessee Valley Authority
 * Altamaha EMC
 * Amicalola EMC
 * Abla espanol Electric
 * Blue Ridge Mountain EMC
 * Canoochee EMC
 * Carroll EMC
 * Central Georgia EMC
 * Coastal Electric Cooperative
 * Cobb EMC
 * Colquitt EMC
 * Coweta-Fayette EMC
 * Diverse Power Inc.
 * Diverse Power Inc. - Pataula District
 * Excelsior EMC
 * Flint Energies
 * Grady EMC
 * GreyStone Power Corp.
 * Habersham EMC
 * Hart EMC
 * Irwin EMC
 * Jackson EMC
 * Jefferson Energy Cooperative
 * Little Ocmulgee EMC
 * Marietta Power
 * Middle Georgia EMC
 * Mitchell EMC
 * North Georgia EMC
 * Ocmulgee EMC
 * Oconee EMC
 * Okefenoke REMC
 * Planters EMC
 * Rayle EMC
 * Satilla REMC
 * Sawnee EMC
 * Slash Pine EMC
 * Snapping Shoals EMC
 * Southern Rivers Energy
 * Sumter EMC
 * Three Notch EMC
 * Tri-County EMC
 * Tri-State EMC
 * Upson EMC
 * Walton EMC
 * Washington EMC
 * Direct Energy

Hawaii

 * Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO), Oʻahu subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries
 * Hawaiian Electric Light Company (HELCO), Island of Hawaiʻi subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries
 * Kauaʻi Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC)
 * Maui Electric Company (MECO), Maui County subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries

Idaho

 * Avista
 * Clearwater Power
 * IDACORP (Idaho Power)
 * PacifiCorp (Rocky Mountain Power)

Illinois

 * Ameren
 * Illinois power
 * Champion Energy
 * City Water, Light & Power (Springfield, Illinois)
 * ComEd, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Direct Energy
 * Coles Moultrie Electric Cooperative
 * Prairie State Generating Company
 * Sullivan Electric Company

Indiana

 * AES Indiana (formerly Indianapolis Power & Light)
 * American Electric Power (Indiana Michigan Power)
 * Cinergy Corporation
 * Duke Energy
 * Indiana Municipal Power Agency
 * NiSource
 * Northern Indiana Public Service Company
 * CenterPoint Energy (formerly Vectren; formerly Southern Indiana Gas & Electric Company)

Iowa

 * Interstate Power and Light Company, a part of Alliant Energy
 * MidAmerican Energy

Kansas

 * Kansas City Board of Public Utilities
 * Evergy
 * McPherson BPU

Kentucky

 * American Electric Power
 * Cinergy Corporation
 * Direct Energy
 * Duke Energy
 * Kentucky Utilities
 * Louisville Gas & Electric
 * Owensboro Municipal Utilities
 * Tennessee Valley Authority

Louisiana

 * CLECO
 * Entergy
 * SWEPCO, a subsidiary of American Electric Power
 * SLEMCO

Maine

 * AVANGRID (Central Maine Power)
 * Direct Energy
 * Versant Power, a part of ENMAX

Maryland

 * A&N Electric Cooperative
 * Agway Energy Services
 * Allegheny Electric Cooperative
 * Ambit Energy
 * Baltimore Gas and Electric, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Berlin Electric Utility Department
 * Champion Energy
 * Choptank Electric Cooperative
 * Conectiv, a subsidiary of PEPCO which is a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Delmarva Power, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Direct Energy
 * Easton Utilities
 * FirstEnergy (Potomac Edison)
 * Hagerstown Light Department
 * Just Energy
 * Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO)
 * Town of Thurmont Municipal Light Company
 * Town of Williamsport Utilities

Massachusetts

 * Ashburnham Municipal Light
 * Belmont Municipal Light
 * Berkshire Company (WMECO)
 * Braintree Electric Light Department
 * Boylston Electric Light Department
 * Chester Municipal Electric Light
 * Chicopee Electric Light Department
 * Concord Municipal Light Plant
 * Danvers Electric Department
 * Eversource Energy (NSTAR, Western Massachusetts Electric)
 * Georgetown Electric Department
 * Gosnold Municipal Electric Plant
 * Groton Electric Department
 * Groveland Light Department
 * Hingham Municipal Light Department
 * Holden Municipal Light Department
 * Holyoke Gas and Electric
 * Hudson Light and Water Department
 * Hull Electric Light Department
 * Ipswich Electric Light Department
 * Littleton Electric Light and Water Department
 * Marblehead Municipal Light Department
 * Mansfield Municipal Light Department
 * Merrimac Light and Water Department
 * Middleboro Municipal Gas and Electric Department
 * Middleton Municipal Light Department
 * National Grid (Massachusetts Electric, Nantucket Electric)
 * North Attleboro Electric Department
 * Northeast Utilities
 * Norwood Electric Light Department
 * NSTAR
 * Paxton Municipal Light Department
 * Peabody Municipal Light Plant
 * Princeton Electric Light Department
 * Reading Municipal Light Department
 * Rowley Electric Light Department
 * Russell Municipal Light Department
 * Shrewsbury Electric Light Department
 * South Hadley Electric Light Department
 * Sterling Electric Light Department
 * Taunton Municipal Light Plant
 * Templeton Municipal Light Company
 * Unitil Corporation
 * Wakefield Municipal Gas and Light Department
 * Wellesley Municipal Light Plant
 * West Boylston Municipal Lighting
 * Westfield Gas and Electric Department
 * PTI Electric Department
 * Direct Energy

Michigan

 * Alger Delta Electric Cooperative
 * Alpena Power Company
 * American Electric Power (Indiana Michigan Power)
 * Cherryland Electric Cooperative
 * Cloverland Electric Cooperative (Cloverland acquired Edison Sault Electric Company in 2009)
 * Consumers Energy
 * DTE Energy (DTE Energy Electric Company)
 * Great Lakes Energy Cooperative
 * Holland Board of Public Works
 * Homeworks Tri-County Electric Cooperative
 * Lansing Board of Water & Light
 * Lowell Light and Power
 * Midwest Energy & Communications (Cooperative)
 * Ontonagon County REA (Cooperative)
 * Presque Isle Electric & Gas Cooperative
 * Thumb Electric Cooperative
 * Upper Peninsula Power Company
 * We Energies
 * Wyandotte Municipal Services

Minnesota

 * Basin Electric Power Cooperative
 * Dairyland Power Coop
 * East River Electric Power Co-op
 * Freeborn-Mower Co-op Services
 * Great River Energy, and its 28 member cooperatives
 * Hutchinson Utilities Commission
 * Interstate Power and Light Company
 * L&O Power Co-op
 * Marshall Municipal Utilities
 * Minnkota Power Cooperative, and its 11 member cooperatives
 * Minnesota Power
 * Missouri River Energy
 * Northern States Power Company, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy
 * People's Co-op Tri-County Electric
 * Otter Tail Power Company
 * Rochester Public Utilities Commission
 * Southern Minnesota Municipal Power Agency
 * Willmar Municipal Utilities
 * Xcel Energy

Mississippi

 * Entergy Mississippi
 * Magnolia Electric Power
 * Mississippi Power, a part of the Southern Company
 * Cooperative Energy, formerly South Mississippi Electric Power Association
 * Tennessee Valley Authority
 * Pearl River Valley EPA
 * Yazoo Valley Electric Power Association
 * http://coastepa.com

Missouri

 * Ameren
 * Aquila
 * Black River Electric Cooperative
 * City of Columbia Water and Light
 * City Utilities of Springfield
 * Hannibal, Missouri
 * Citizens Electric Corporation
 * Empire District Electric Company
 * Independence Power and Light
 * Intercounty Electric Cooperative Association
 * Cuivre River Electric Cooperative
 * Kansas City Power and Light Company
 * Laclede Electric Cooperative
 * Macon Electric Cooperative
 * Missouri Rural Electric Cooperative
 * North Central Missouri Electric Cooperative
 * Howell-Oregon Electric Cooperative
 * Ozark Border Electric Cooperative
 * Semo Electric Cooperative
 * Sa-Ma-No Electric Cooperative
 * White River Valley Electric Cooperative

Montana

 * Central Montana Electric Power Cooperative
 * Montana-Dakota Utilities (MDU)
 * Montana Electric Cooperatives' Association
 * Northwestern Energy

Nebraska

 * Nebraska Public Power District
 * Omaha Public Power District
 * Lincoln Electric System
 * Western Area Power Administration

Nevada

 * NV Energy (Nevada Power)
 * NextEra (Valley Electric Association)
 * Wells Rural Electric Company
 * Boulder City Electric Utility
 * Harney Electric Cooperative
 * Lincoln County Power
 * Mt Wheeler Power
 * Overton Power
 * Plumas Sierra Electric Cooperative
 * Surprise Valley Electric Cooperative

New Hampshire

 * Eversource Energy (Public Service Company of New Hampshire)
 * Liberty Utilities (including Granite State Electric)
 * New Hampshire Electric Cooperative
 * Northeast Utilities
 * National Grid
 * Unitil Corporation

New Jersey
Investor-owned utilities Municipal and cooperative utilities
 * Atlantic City Electric, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Jersey Central Power and Light Company, a subsidiary of FirstEnergy
 * Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G)
 * Rockland Electric, a subsidiary of Orange and Rockland, which is a subsidiary of Consolidated Edison
 * Borough of Madison Electric Utility
 * Borough of Milltown Electric Department
 * Borough of Park Ridge Electric Department
 * Borough of Seaside Heights Electric Utility
 * Borough of South River Electric Department
 * Butler Power and Light
 * Lavallette Electric Department
 * Pemberton Borough Electric Department
 * Sussex Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Vineland Municipal Electric Utility

New Mexico

 * El Paso Electric
 * Public Service Company of New Mexico
 * Southwestern Public Service Company, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy
 * Texas-New Mexico Power
 * Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association

New York

 * Akron Municipal Electric Department
 * Angelica Municipal Electric Department
 * Approved Energy
 * Bath Municipal Electric Department
 * Bergen Municipal Electric Department
 * Boonville Municipal Electric Department
 * Brocton Municipal Electric Department
 * Castle Municipal Electric Department
 * Central Hudson Gas & Electric
 * CH Energy Group
 * Churchville Municipal Electric Department
 * Consolidated Edison Company of New York, subsidiary of Consolidated Edison
 * Direct Energy
 * East Coast Power & Gas
 * Fishers Island Municipal Electric Department
 * Frankfort Municipal Electric Department
 * Freeport Electric Department
 * Green Island Municipal Electric Department
 * Greenport Municipal Electric Department
 * Greene Municipal Electric Department
 * Groton Municipal Electric Department
 * Hamilton Municipal Electric Department
 * Ilion Municipal Electric Department
 * Jamestown Municipal Electric Department
 * Lake Placid Municipal Electric Department
 * Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), operated by PSEG Long Island
 * Marathon Municipal Electric Department
 * Massena Electric Department
 * Mayville Municipal Electric Department
 * National Grid (Niagara Mohawk)
 * New York Power Authority (NYPA)
 * New York State Electric & Gas, subsidiary of AVANGRID
 * Orange and Rockland, which is a subsidiary of Consolidated Edison
 * Penn Yan Municipal Electric Department
 * Philadelphia Municipal Electric Department
 * Plattsburgh Municipal Light Department
 * Northeast Utilities
 * Rochester Gas & Electric, subsidiary of AVANGRID
 * Rockville Centre Municipal Electric Department
 * Rouses Point Electric Department
 * Salamanca Municipal Electric Department
 * Sherburne Municipal Electric Department
 * Sherrill Municipal Electric Department
 * Skaneateles Municipal Electric Department
 * Sliver Springs Municipal Electric Department
 * Solvay Electric Department
 * Spencerport Municipal Electric Department
 * Springville Municipal Electric Department
 * Theresa Municipal Electric Department
 * Tupper Lake Municipal Electric Department
 * Watkins Glen Municipal Electric Department
 * Waverly Municipal Electric Department
 * Wellsville Municipal Electric Department
 * Westfield Municipal Electric Department

North Carolina

 * Albemarle Electric Membership Corporation
 * Blue Ridge Energy
 * Brunswick Electric Membership Corporation
 * Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative
 * Carteret-Craven Electric Cooperative
 * Central Electric Membership Corporation
 * City of Apex Electric Department
 * City of Concord Electric Department
 * Dominion North Carolina Power
 * Duke Energy
 * Edgecombe-Martin County Electric Membership Corporation
 * EnergyUnited
 * Four County Electric Membership Corporation
 * French Broad Electric Membership Corporation
 * Halifax Electric Membership Corporation
 * Haywood Electric Membership Corporation
 * Jones-Onslow Electric Membership Corporation
 * Lumbee River Electric Membership Corporation
 * North Carolina Electric Membership Corporation
 * Pee Dee Electric Membership Corporation
 * Piedmont Electric Membership Corporation
 * Pitt & Greene Electric Membership Corporation
 * Randolph Electric Membership Corporation
 * Roanoke Electric Cooperative
 * Rutherford Electric Membership Corporation
 * South River Electric Membership Corporation
 * Surry-Yadkin Electric Membership Corporation
 * Tennessee Valley Authority
 * Tideland Electric Membership Corporation
 * Tri-County Electric Membership Corporation
 * Union Power Cooperative
 * Wake Electric Membership Corporation

North Dakota

 * Basin Electric Power Cooperative
 * Central Power Electric Cooperative
 * Montana Dakota Utilities (MDU)
 * Minnkota Power Cooperative
 * Northern States Power Company, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy
 * Otter Tail Power Company
 * Upper Missouri Power Cooperative (Upper Missouri G&T Cooperative)
 * Xcel Energy

Ohio

 * American Electric Power
 * Consolidated Electric Cooperative
 * Dayton Power & Light
 * Direct Energy
 * Duke Energy
 * FirstEnergy (Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company, Ohio Edison, Toledo Edison)
 * South Central Power Company

Oklahoma

 * East Central Electric Cooperative
 * Oklahoma Gas & Electric
 * Public Service Company of Oklahoma (part of American Electric Power)
 * Western Farmers Electric Cooperative

Oregon

 * Blachly-Lane Electric Cooperative
 * Central Lincoln PUD
 * Clatskanie PUD
 * Columbia River PUD
 * Consumers Power Inc.
 * Coos-Curry Electric Coop
 * Douglas Electric Cooperative
 * Emerald PUD
 * Eugene Water & Electric Board (EWEB)
 * Hood River Electric & Internet Co-op
 * Lane Electric Cooperative
 * Midstate Electric Cooperative
 * Northern Wasco County PUD
 * PacifiCorp (Pacific Power)
 * Portland General Electric
 * Salem Electric
 * Springfield Utility Board
 * Tillamook PUD
 * West Oregon Electric Cooperative
 * Umatilla Electric Cooperative

Pennsylvania

 * Adams Electric Cooperative
 * Allegheny Electric Cooperative
 * Bedford Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Borough of Ephrata Electric Division
 * Borough of Hatfield Electric Utility
 * Borough of Kutztown Electric Department
 * Borough of Quakertown Electric Department
 * Borough of Schuylkill Haven Utilities Department
 * Central Electric Cooperative
 * Citizen's Electric Company
 * Claverack Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Direct Energy
 * Duquesne Light
 * FirstEnergy (Met-Ed, Penelec, Penn Power, West Penn Power)
 * Lansdale Electric
 * New Enterprise Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Northeast Utilities
 * Northwestern Rural Electric Cooperative
 * PECO, a subsidiary of Exelon
 * Perkasie Borough Electric Department
 * Pike County Light & Power
 * PPL Corporation
 * REA Energy Cooperative
 * Rural Valley Electric Co.
 * Somerset Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Sullivan County Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Tri-County Rural Electric Cooperative
 * UGI Utilities
 * United Electric Cooperative
 * Valley Rural Electric Cooperative
 * Warren Electric Cooperative
 * Wellsboro Electric Company

Puerto Rico

 * Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority
 * EcoEléctrica

Rhode Island

 * Direct Energy
 * Rhode Island Energy
 * Northeast Utilities
 * Pascoag Utility District

South Carolina

 * Aiken Electric Co-Op
 * Berkeley Electric Co-Op
 * Black River Electric Co-op
 * Blue Ridge Electric Co-op
 * Broad River Electric Co-op
 * Central Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.
 * Coastal Electric Co-op
 * Duke Energy
 * Edisto Electric Co-op
 * Fairfield Electric Co-op
 * Horry Electric Co-op
 * Laurens Electric Co-op
 * Little River Electric Co-op
 * Lynches River Electric Co-op
 * Mid-Carolina Electric Co-op
 * Newberry Electric Co-op
 * Palmetto Electric Co-op
 * Progress Energy Carolinas
 * Santee Cooper
 * Santee Electric Co-op
 * Dominion Energy
 * Tri-County Electric Co-Op
 * York Electric Co-op

South Dakota

 * Black Hills Power
 * East River Electric Cooperative
 * MidAmerican Energy Company
 * Montana-Dakota Utilities (MDU)
 * Northern States Power Company, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy
 * Northwestern Energy
 * Otter Tail Power Company
 * Rushmore Electric Cooperative
 * Xcel Energy

Tennessee

 * Appalachian Power, a unit of American Electric Power
 * Chickasaw Electric Cooperative
 * Citizens Utilities Board
 * EPB (Electric Power Board), Chattanooga, Hamilton County
 * Knoxville Utilities Board
 * Lenoir City Utilities Board
 * Memphis Light, Gas and Water
 * Middle Tennessee Electric, Electric Cooperative
 * Nashville Electric Service, metro Nashville, Davidson County
 * Tennessee Valley Authority

Texas

 * Austin Energy
 * American Electric Power
 * Amigo Energy
 * South West Energy
 * Bartlett Electric Cooperative
 * Brazos Electric Power Cooperative
 * CenterPoint Energy
 * City of Bryan
 * City of Greenville
 * Comanche Electric Cooperative
 * CoServ Electric
 * Cosery Electric
 * CPS Energy
 * Denton Municipal Electric
 * Duke energy
 * Direct Energy
 * dPi Energy
 * El Paso Electric
 * Electric Database Publishing
 * Entergy
 * Entrust Energy
 * First Texas Energy Corporation
 * Fort Belknap Electric Cooperative
 * Garland Power & Light
 * GDF SUEZ Energy Resources
 * Golden Spread Electric Cooperative
 * Hudson Energy
 * Hamilton County Electric Cooperative
 * Heart of Texas Electric Cooperative
 * HILCO Electric Cooperative
 * J-A-C Electric Cooperative
 * Lower Colorado River Authority
 * Luminant
 * MidSouth Synergy
 * Navarro County Electric Cooperative
 * Navasota Valley Electric Cooperative
 * Oncor Electric Delivery (Formerly TXU)
 * Pedernales Electric Cooperative
 * PenTex Energy
 * Rayburn Electric Cooperative
 * Reliant Energy
 * South Plains Electric Cooperative
 * Southwestern Public Service Company, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy
 * Texas Electric Service Company
 * Texas New Mexico Power
 * Tara Energy
 * Tri-County Electric Cooperative
 * TXU Energy
 * United Cooperative Services
 * Wise Electric Cooperative

Utah

 * City of Bountiful
 * IPA
 * City of Kaysville
 * PacifiCorp (Rocky Mountain Power)
 * pacificorp (Dominion Energy)

Vermont

 * Burlington Electric Department
 * Green Mountain Power
 * Vermont Electric Cooperative
 * Washington Electric Cooperative

Virginia

 * A&N Electric Cooperative
 * Appalachian Power, a subsidiary of American Electric Power
 * BARC Electric Cooperative
 * Community Electric Cooperative
 * Craig-Botetourt Electric Cooperative
 * Danville Utilities
 * Dominion Virginia Power
 * Mecklenburg Electric Cooperative
 * Northern Neck Electric Cooperative
 * Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative
 * Old Dominion Electric Cooperative
 * Prince George Electric Cooperative
 * Rapahannock Electric Cooperative
 * Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative
 * Southside Electric Cooperative

Washington

 * Avista Utilities
 * Benton County Public Utility District
 * Big Bend Electric
 * Chelan County Public Utility District
 * City of Milton
 * Clark Public Utilities
 * Clearwater Power
 * Columbia Rural Electric
 * Douglas County Public Utility District
 * Elmurst Mutual
 * Franklin County Public Utility District
 * Grant County Public Utility District
 * Klickitat Public Utility District
 * Lakeview Light & Power
 * Mason County Public Utility District 3
 * Modern Electric Water
 * Nespelem Valley Electric
 * Ohop Mutual
 * Okanaogan Country Electric & Propane
 * Orcas Power and Light Coop (OPALCO)
 * Parkland Light & Water
 * PacifiCorp (Pacific Power)
 * Peninsula Light Co
 * Pend Oreille County Public Utility District
 * Puget Sound Energy
 * Seattle City Light
 * Snohomish County Public Utility District
 * Tacoma Power
 * Tanner Electric Coop
 * Town of Steilacoom
 * Town of Eatonville

West Virginia

 * American Electric Power (Appalachian Power, Wheeling Electric Power)
 * FirstEnergy (Mon Power, Potomac Edison)
 * Black Diamond Power Company

Wisconsin

 * Dairyland Power Cooperative (and its 25 member cooperatives)
 * Madison Gas and Electric
 * Northern States Power Company-Wisconsin, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy
 * We Energies
 * Wisconsin Power and Light Company, a part of Alliant Energy
 * Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

Wyoming

 * Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power
 * Lower Valley Energy
 * Bridger Valley
 * Niobrara Electric
 * Black Hills Power
 * Powder River Energy Corporation (A cooperative of Touchstone Energy)
 * Carbon Power & Light (A cooperative of Touchstone Energy)
 * PacifiCorp (Rocky Mountain Power)
 * Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association (A cooperative of Touchstone Energy)
 * Western Area Power Administration


text:
Talk:Sully Prudhomme

Article Name
What is this fellow's name? A search on Google turns up this spelling repeatedly:

Sully-Prudhomme, René François Armand

Which suggests to me that his mother's name was Sully and father's name was Prudhomme. His given names are then René François Armand. Is that right? If so, then the article should not hyphenate his given names, but should hyphenate his sirname of Sully-Prudhomme.

The only reason I didn't change it is the Google search is the extent of my knowledge on the subject. Ke4roh 03:01, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * No. His name was simply "Sully-Prud'homme". It's just a composed name, which has nothing to do with the mother. This is quite a common practice in "upper class" European families (or formerly upper class families : names pass on to the children untouched, while money tends to dwindle with time!) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.72.92.4 (talk) 21:49, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Available works
Ive tried lately to find some works (either books or online) from him in any other language then french but failed in my searching. Has anybody have any idea if this is possible?

Regards --Wikipedino 15:01, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

To both the above
The second external link includes:

"Today Sully-Prudhomme is also relatively little read either in France or abroad."

"At the age of two Sully-Prudhomme lost his father, and he grew up in his uncle's house, where mother moved. His father was called 'Sully' and the poet joined it with his surname Prudhomme."

-- Beardo 10:46, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Day of death
6th september: ; 7th september:,. Which day is it? -- CecilK (talk) 07:07, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The New York Times claimed 7 September. pdf However, most (but not all) French sources said 6 September, including Mercure de France (v. 69, p. 382) and Bulletin du bibliophile et du bibliothécaire (1907, p. 425). Some say 5th or 10th! The most detailed statement I can find online is in Les Questions Actuelles, v. 94, p. 7: Le vendredi 6 septembre, il mourait presque subitement, vers 4 heures de l'après-midi ("On Friday 6 September, he died rather suddenly, around four o' clock in the afternoon.") Xanthoxyl (talk) 23:49, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

possible unreliable source used on this page
René Sully-Prudhomme at www.kirjasto.sci.fi

The above website appears to not meet the requirements of being a reliable source since it is self published. There is a discussion [here]. There is also a discussion at the [plagiarism talk page] about how to handle this issue.-Crunchy Numbers (talk) 03:37, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

Health
'He published more poetry before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. This war, which he discussed in Impressions de la guerre (1872) and La France (1874), permanently damaged his health.'
 * How did it damage his health? Was he in combat? Or was he injured during the Commune? Valetude (talk) 18:13, 15 December 2014 (UTC)

Leo Tolstoy
Sully Prudhomme won Noble Prize in 1901 instead of the great Leo Tolstoy. There is no comparison between him and the great Leo Tolstoy. Leo Tolstoy should have won that prize. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.104.90.126 (talk) 03:00, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Sully Prudhomme


text:
Game studies

Game studies, also known as ludology (from ludus, "game", and -logia, "study", "research"), is the study of games, the act of playing them, and the players and cultures surrounding them. It is a field of cultural studies that deals with all types of games throughout history. This field of research utilizes the tactics of, at least, folkloristics and cultural heritage, sociology and psychology, while examining aspects of the design of the game, the players in the game, and the role the game plays in its society or culture. Game studies is oftentimes confused with the study of video games, but this is only one area of focus; in reality game studies encompasses all types of gaming, including sports, board games, etc.

Before video games, game studies was rooted primarily in anthropology. However, with the development and spread of video games, games studies has diversified methodologically, to include approaches from sociology, psychology, and other fields.

There are now a number of strands within game studies: "social science" approaches explore how games function in society, and their interactions with human psychology, often using empirical methods such as surveys and controlled lab experiments. "Humanities-based" approaches emphasise how games generate meanings and reflect or subvert wider social and cultural discourses. These often use more interpretative methods, such as close reading, textual analysis, and audience theory, methods shared with other media disciplines such as television and film studies. Social sciences and humanities approaches can cross over, for example in the case of ethnographic or folkloristic studies, where fieldwork may involve patiently observing games to try to understand their social and cultural meanings. "Game design" approaches are closely related to creative practice, analysing game mechanics and aesthetics in order to inform the development of new games. Finally, "industrial" and "engineering" approaches apply mostly to video games and less to games in general, and examine things such as computer graphics, artificial intelligence, and networking.

History
It was not until Irving Finkel organized a colloquium in 1990 that grew into the International Board Game Studies Association, Gonzalo Frasca popularized the term "ludology" (from the Latin word for game, ludus) in 1999, the publication of the first issues of academic journals like Board Game Studies in 1998 and Game Studies in 2001, and the creation of the Digital Games Research Association in 2003, that scholars began to get the sense that the study of games could (and should) be considered a field in its own right. As a young field, it gathers scholars from different disciplines that had been broadly studying games, such as psychology, anthropology, economy, education, and sociology. The earliest known use of the term "ludology" occurred in 1982, in Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's "Does Being Human Matter – On Some Interpretive Problems of Comparative Ludology."

Social science
One of the earliest social science theories (1971) about the role of video games in society involved violence in video games, later becoming known as the catharsis theory. The theory suggests that playing video games in which you perform violent acts might actually channel latent aggression, resulting in less aggression in the players real lives. However, a meta-study performed by Craig A. Anderson and Brad J. Bushman, in 2001, examined data starting from the 1980s up until the article was published. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not playing violent video games led to an increase in aggressive behaviors. They concluded that exposure to violence in video games did indeed cause an increase in aggression. However, it has been pointed out, and even stressed, by psychologist Jonathan Freedman that this research was very limited and even problematic since overly strong claims were made and the authors themselves seemed extremely biased in their writings. More recent studies, such as the one performed by Christopher J. Ferguson at Texas A&M International University have come to drastically different conclusions. In this study, individuals were either randomly assigned a game, or allowed to choose a game, in both the randomized and the choice conditions exposure to violent video games caused no difference in aggression. A later study (performed by the same people) looked for correlations between trait aggression, violent crimes, and exposure to both real life violence and violence in video games, this study suggests that while family violence and trait aggression are highly correlated with violent crime, exposure to video game violence was not a good predictor of violent crime, having little to no correlation, unless also paired with the above traits that had a much higher correlation. Over the past 15 years, a large number of meta-studies have been applied to this issue, each coming to its own conclusion, resulting in little consensus in the ludology community. It is also thought that even nonviolent video games may lead to aggressive and violent behaviour. Anderson and Dill seem to believe that it may be due to the frustration of playing video games that could in turn result in violent, aggressive behaviour.

Game designers Amy Jo Kim and Jane McGonigal have suggested that platforms which leverage the powerful qualities of video games in non-game contexts can maximize learning. Known as the gamification of learning, using game elements in non-game contexts extracts the properties of games from within the game context, and applies them to a learning context such as the classroom.

Another positive aspect of video games is its conducive character towards the involvement of a person in other cultural activities. The probability of game playing increases with the consumption of other cultural goods (e.g., listening to music or watching television) or active involvement in artistic activities (e.g., writing or visual arts production). Video games by being complementary towards more traditional forms of cultural consumption, inhibit thus value from a cultural perspective.

More sociologically-informed research has sought to move away from simplistic ideas of gaming as either 'negative' or 'positive', but rather seeking to understand its role and location in the complexities of everyday life.

For example, it has been suggested (Nina Fefferman) that the very popular MMO World of Warcraft could be used to study the dissemination of infectious diseases because of the accidental spread of a plague-like disease in the gameworld.

"Ludology" vs "narratology"
A major focus in game studies is the debate surrounding narratology and ludology. Many ludologists believe that the two are unable to exist together, while others believe that the two fields are similar but should be studied separately. Many narratologists believe that games should be looked at for their stories, like movies or novels. The ludological perspective says that games are not like these other mediums due to the fact that a player is actively taking part in the experience and should therefore be understood on their own terms. The idea that a videogame is "radically different to narratives as a cognitive and communicative structure" has led the development of new approaches to criticism that are focused on videogames as well as adapting, repurposing and proposing new ways of studying and theorizing about videogames. A recent approach towards game studies starts with an analysis of interface structures and challenges the keyboard-mouse paradigm with what is called a "ludic interface".

Academics across both fields provide scholarly insight into the different sides of this debate. Gonzalo Frasca, a notable ludologist due to his many publications regarding game studies, argues that while games share many similar elements with narrative stories, that should not prevent games to be studied as games. He seeks not "to replace the narratologic approach, but to complement it."

Jesper Juul, another notable ludologist, argues for a stricter separation of ludology and narratology. Juul argues that games "for all practicality can not tell stories." This argument holds that narratology and ludology cannot exist together because they are inherently different. Juul claims that the most significant difference between the two is that in a narrative, events "have to" follow each other, whereas in a game the player has control over what happens.

Garry Crawford and Victoria K. Gosling argue in favor of narratives being an essential part of games as these will contribute to, and be informed by, a gamer's personal life and identity narratives. As they write "it is impossible to isolate play from the social influences of everyday life, and in turn, play will have both intended and unintended consequences for the individual and society."

Janet Murray, in support of the narratologist method of video game argues that "stories can be participatory." In this argument, Murray is linking the characteristics of video games to narratives to further her point that video games should be analyzed through narratology.

Michalis Kokonis argues in favor of Gonzalo Frasca's article entitled "Ludologists love stories too: notes from a debate that never took place," which aimed to list and explain the misunderstandings, mistakes, and prejudices surrounding the narratology vs. ludology debate. Kokonis noted that "endorsing [Frasca's] constructivist spirit we will have to agree that the so-called Narratology vs. Ludology Dilemma is a false one and that this debate will have to be resolved, as it is of no help to the cause of establishing Computer Games Study as an autonomous and independent academic field."

Other areas of research
As is common with most academic disciplines, there are a number of more specialized areas or sub-domains of study.

Video game pre-history
An emerging field of study looks at the "pre-history" of video games, suggesting that the origins of modern digital games lie in: fairground attractions and sideshows such as shooting games; early "Coney Island"-style pleasure parks with elements such as large roller-coasters and "haunted house" simulations; nineteenth century landscape simulations such as dioramas, panoramas, planetariums, and stereographs; and amusement arcades that had mechanical game machines and also peep-show film machines.

Games and aging
In light of population ageing, there has been an interest into the use of games to improve the overall health and social connectedness of ageing players. For example, Adam Gazzaley and his team have designed NeuroRacer (a game that improves cognitive tasks outside of the game among its 60+ year old participants ), while the AARP has organized a game jam to improve older people's social connections. Researchers such as Sarah Mosberg Iversen have argued that most of the academic work on games and ageing has been informed by notions of economical productivity, while Bob De Schutter and Vero Vanden Abeele have suggested a game design approach that is not focused on age-related decline but instead is rooted in the positive aspects of older age.

Gaming and Disability Studies
Disability Studies scholars have noted the importance of considering accessibility in the gaming industry, as well as considering exclusionary ableist attitudes and negative representations of disabled characters in gaming.

Queer Game Studies
Queer game studies is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that examines the intersection of video games and queer theory. It explores how video games serve as a platform for the expression and exploration of queer experiences, identities, and desires. While traditional understandings of LGBTQ representation in games focus on the inclusion of queer characters or narratives, queer game studies broadens this perspective to encompass the ways in which games themselves can be played, interpreted, and designed through queer standpoints.

Origins and Development
The roots of queer game studies can be traced back to the emergence of video games as a cultural medium. From the early days of arcade games to contemporary virtual reality experiences, video games have offered players opportunities to engage with queer themes and concepts. However, it was not until the late 20th and early 21st centuries that scholars began to systematically explore the relationship between queerness and video games.

The field began to garner attention with the publication of pioneering works such as Queer Game Studies by Bonnie Ruberg and Gaming Sexism: Gender and Identity in the Era of Casual Video Games by Amanda C Cote. These works laid the foundational groundwork for queer game studies as a distinct academic discipline.

Key Concepts and Themes
Queer game studies encompasses a range of concepts and themes, including:

 * 1) Queer Play: The practice of engaging with video games in ways that challenge normative assumptions about gender, sexuality, and identity. Queer play involves subverting game mechanics, exploring alternative narratives, and resisting heteronormative structures within games.
 * 2) Queer Representation: Beyond the inclusion of LGBTQ characters, queer game studies examines how video games depict and explore queer experiences, desires, and relationships. This includes both explicit representations of queer content and more subtle forms of queerness embedded within game worlds.
 * 3) Queer Design: The creation of video games that prioritise queer experiences and perspectives. Queer designers employ diverse storytelling techniques, character customisation options, and world-building strategies to create inclusive and affirming gaming experiences.
 * 4) Queer Theory: A theoretical framework prevalent in queer game studies. Drawing on queer theory, scholars analyse video games through perspectives such as performativity, affect, and intersectionality, shedding light on the methodologies in which video games construct and challenge notions of gender and sexuality.

Defining Queerness and Video Games
In understanding the intersection of video games and queer theory, it is imperative to establish a understanding of the term "queerness" alongside the definition of "video games."

Queerness

The term "queer" has undergone a transformative journey from its origins as a pejorative to its contemporary usage as a reclaimed term of pride. It serves both as an umbrella term encompassing diverse gender and sexual identities beyond mainstream norms and as a conceptual framework for resisting hegemonic norms. Queerness challenges dominant beliefs about pleasure, power, and societal acceptance, embodying a desire to live outside normative boundaries and to reimagine the world.

Video Games

The definition of "video games" encompasses not only the game object itself but also implicit beliefs about what constitutes a legitimate gaming experience. Video games are designed, interactive experiences primarily mediated through digital interfaces, encompassing a diverse range of genres, platforms, and production theories. This inclusivity extends to arcade games, home console games, computer games, social games, and mobile games.

The ongoing debate within game studies regarding the definition of video games underscores the changeability nature of their boundaries. Scholars have challenged traditional distinctions between games and non-games, highlighting the changeability of gaming experiences and the blurring of in-game fiction with embodied experience. Moreover, discussions about what qualifies as a "real" game often reveal underlying social biases, particularly concerning works created by marginalised individuals or addressing diverse perspectives.

Emergence of Queer Game Studies
The intersection of queerness and video games represents a growing field with scholarly and creative exploration. While gender and sexuality in video games have been subjects of research interest for decades, the focus has primarily centred on cisgender women's experiences and representations. However, recent years have seen a significant shift towards the examination of queerness and LGBTQ experiences in game studies.

Early discussions surrounding sexual orientation in video games often revolved around straight male identification with sexualised female characters, perpetuating the assumption of a predominantly heterosexual, cisgender male player base. Despite indirect engagement with non-normative desires in game studies literature, explicit discussions on queerness were notably lacking until more recent times.

The emergence of queer game studies signals a transformative shift within game studies, characterised by interdisciplinary collaboration and a dedication to bridging theory with lived experiences. This interdisciplinary approach attracts scholars from various backgrounds, including humanists, social scientists, and critical makers, united in their exploration of the intersections between queer studies and game studies.

A crucial event in the consolidation of queer game studies is the annual Queerness and Games Conference (QGCon), fostering discussions among academics, industry professionals, and activists. This collaborative effort transcends geographical boundaries, reflecting a global network of scholars dedicated to advancing queer perspectives in game studies.

Queer game studies must address a multitude of issues at the intersection of queerness and video games, including bisexuality, asexuality, kink, and genderqueer identities. Intersectionality, encompassing race, ethnicity, disability, and other aspects of identity, requires further exploration to develop a comprehensive perspective of queerness in gaming.

Challenges and Future Directions
Despite its growth and recognition within academia, queer game studies encounter obstacles concerning representation, accessibility, and inclusivity. Numerous mainstream games continue to perpetuate heteronormative and cisnormative norms, marginalising queer players and creators. The rise of online harassment campaigns, exemplified by #GamerGate, underscores a resistance to the diversification of gaming narratives and communities. Furthermore, barriers to entry within the gaming industry and academic institutions constrain the voices and perspectives represented within queer game studies.

Moving forward, scholars and practitioners in the field are working to address these challenges by advocating for greater diversity and inclusion in both game development and academic research. By centring the lived experiences of LGBTQ individuals and communities, queer game studies offer potential for transformative change, challenging traditional narratives and opening up new possibilities for expression and identity within digital spaces.

Virtual economies in gaming
Massive multiplayer online games can give economists clues about the real world. Markets based on digital information can be fully tracked as they are used by players, and thus real problems in the economy, such as inflation, deflation and even recession. The solutions the game designers come up with can therefore be studied with full information, and experiments can be performed where the economy can be studied as a whole. These games allow the economists to be omniscient, they can find every piece of information they need to study the economy, while in the real world they have to work with presumptions.

Former Finance Minister of Greece and Valve's in-house economist Yanis Varoufakis studied EVE Online as a measure for the Greek economic recovery and argued that video game communities such as Neopets and Fortnite give economists a venue for experimenting and simulating the economies of the future. Edward Castronova has studied virtual economies within a variety of games including Everquest and World of Warcraft.

Cognitive benefits
The psychological research into games has yielded theories on how playing video games may be advantageous for both children and for adults. Some theories claim that video games in fact help improve cognitive abilities rather than impede their development. These improvement theories include the improvement of visual contrast sensitivity. Other developments include the ability to locate something specific among various impediments. This is primarily done in first-person shooter games where the protagonist must look at everything in a first person view while playing. By doing this they increase their spatial attention due to having to locate something among an area of diversions. These games place the player in a high intensity environment where the player must remain observant of their surroundings in order to achieve their goal, e.g., shooting an enemy player, while impediments obstruct their gameplay in the virtual world.

Another cognitive enhancement provided by playing video games would be the improvement of brain functioning speed. This happens as the player is immersed in an unendingly changing environment where they are required to constantly think and problem solve while playing in order to do well in the game. This constant problem solving forces the brain to constantly run and so the speed of thought is sharpened greatly, because the need to think quickly is required to succeed. The attention span of the player is also benefited. High action video games, such as fighting or racing games, require the user's constant attention and in the process the skill of concentration is sharpened.

The overcoming of the condition known as dyslexia is also considered an improvement due to the continuous utilization of controllers for the video games. This continuous process helps to train the users to overcome their condition which impedes in their abilities of interpretation. The ability of hand-eye coordination is also improved thanks in part to video games, due to the need to operate the controller and view the screen displaying the content all at the same time. The coordination of the player is enhanced due to the playing and continuous observation of a video game since the game gives high mental stimulation and coordination is important and therefore enhanced due to the constant visual and physical movement that is produced from the playing of the video game.

The playing of video games can also help increase a player's social skills. This is done by playing online multiplayer games which can require constant communication, this leads to socialization between players in order to achieve the goal within the game they may be playing. In addition it can help the users to meet new friends over their online games and at the same time communicate with friends they have already made in the past; those playing together online would only strengthen their already established bond through constant cooperation. Some video games are specifically designed to aid in learning, because of this another benefit of playing video games could be the educational value provided with the entertainment. Some video games present problem solving questions that the player must think on in order to properly solve, while action orientated video games require strategy in order to successfully complete. This process of being forced to think critically helps to sharpen the mind of the player.

Game culture
One aspect of game studies is the study of gaming culture. People who play video games are a subculture of their own. Gamers will often form communities with their own languages, attend conventions where they will dress up as their favorite characters, and have gaming competitions. One of these conventions, Gamescom 2018, had a record attendance with an estimated 370,000 attendees.

Esports are making a significant impact in gaming culture. In 2018, Newzoo, a marketing analytics company reported that 380 million people will watch esports that year. Many gamers seek to form communities to meet new people and share their love of games. In 2014, Newzoo reported that 81% of gamers attend esport to be a part of the gaming community. "61% of gamers attend live events and tournaments to connect with friends that they've met and played with online."

Throughout the years, there has been much research on the topic of game culture, specifically focusing on video games in relation to thinking, learning, gender, children, and war. When looking at game culture, particularly for early studies, multiplayer online games were usually the basis for research. However, more recent and wider ranging research has sought to understand not just gaming cultures, but in turn, how video games provide important insights into the modern nature of digital and participatory culture, patterns of consumption and identity formation, later modernity and contemporary political rationalities.

Demographics of gamers (in the US)

 * 75% of households have a gamer.
 * 65% of adults play video games.
 * 60% of adults play on smartphones, 52% play on a personal computer, and 49% play on a dedicated game console.
 * 32 is the average age of male gamers.
 * 34 is the average age of female gamers.
 * 54% of gamers are men. 46% are women.

title: Game studies