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Willis C. Hawley

Willis Chatman Hawley (May 5, 1864 – July 24, 1941) was an American politician and educator in the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he would serve as president of Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, where he earned his undergraduate and law degrees before entering politics. A Republican, he served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Oregon from 1907 to 1933 where he co-sponsored the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act in 1930.

Early life
Hawley was born on a farm in the old Belknap settlement near Monroe in Benton County, Oregon, on May 5, 1864. After he attended country schools, he entered college. In 1884, he graduated with a bachelor of science degree from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. Hawley was the principal of the Umpqua Academy from 1884–86. In 1888, he received a bachelor of arts degree from the school along with a Bachelor of Laws from the law department.

Next, he served as president of the Oregon State Normal School at Drain south of Eugene from 1888–1891. During this time he earned a master's degree from Willamette in 1890 and the following year joined the faculty at his alma mater. Hawley became the president of Willamette, serving in that position from 1893 to 1902 while he was professor of history and economics for sixteen years at the school.

Then, he engaged in a variety of business and educational ventures before entering politics. Hawley became a member of the National Forest Reservation Commission and a member of the Special Committee on Rural Credits created by Congress in 1915. Additionally, he served as a member of the Commission for the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of president and general George Washington.

Politics
Hawley won Oregon's 1st Congressional District as a Republican in 1906. He was then re-elected every two years to Congress for the next 12 sessions of Congress. Hawley served in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1907, until March 3, 1933. While in Congress, he was chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means for the Seventieth and Seventy-first Congresses. Hawley was then a co-sponsor of the Smoot–Hawley Tariff in 1930, which raised import tariffs to record levels.

Hawley was defeated in his bid for renomination to his House seat in 1932, and left office in March 1933. He returned to Salem where he practiced law. He died on July 24, 1941, at the age of 77 in Salem and was interred at that city's City View Cemetery.

title: Willis C. Hawley


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Foula

Foula, located in the Shetland archipelago of Scotland, is one of the United Kingdom's most remote permanently inhabited islands. Owned since the turn of the 20th century by the Holbourn family, the island was the location for the film The Edge of the World (1937). The liner RMS Oceanic was wrecked on the nearby Shaalds of Foula in 1914. The island has a post office.

Toponym
The name "Foula" derives from the Old Norse Fugley, meaning "bird island"; compare Fugloy, an island in the Faroes.

Geography
Foula lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 15 nmi west of Walls in Shetland. It was part of Walls civil parish. The island is about 2+1/2 by, with a low-lying coastal strip along the east side. With an area of 12.7 km2, it is the eighth largest and most westerly of the Shetland Islands. It rises from low broken cliffs in the east to precipitous 150 – cliffs in the west. The island has five peaks, rising to 418 m at the Sneug and 376 m at the Kame. At the north end is Gaada Stack, a natural arch and towards the south-west is Da Sneck Ida Smaalie, a spectacular 30 m deep and 2 m wide crack in the cliffs. Foula lies on the same latitude as Saint Petersburg.

Foula has a population of 38 people, living in Hametun and Ham. Islanders previously made a living from fishing – first for whitefish, then lobster. Today, most islanders are crofters with income from sheep farming and birdwatching tourism.

A hidden reef, the "Hoevdi Grund" or the "Shaalds o' Foula", lies just over 3 km east of Foula between the island and the Shetland Mainland. Tides here can reach 12 kn, and as the reef comes to within less than a metre of the surface, it poses a significant threat to shipping.

Transport
BK Marine Limited operates the ferry service from Ham to Walls on Mainland, Shetland. New Advance carries up to 12 passengers and completes the voyage in about two hours. Flights take off from Foula Airfield to Tingwall Airport. A ferry service ran from Foula to Scalloway until 2010.

There is little shelter for boats in the island. The only beach is at the head of Ham Voe on the east coast. Local boats, including the mail boat, are hauled out of the water.

Wildlife
The island's 370 m cliffs are home to numerous birds, including Arctic terns, red-throated divers and great skuas, and birders make up the bulk of visitors to the island.

Prehistory
Foula was first inhabited as far back as 5,000 years ago. Between 2006 and 2008, the Bath & Camerton Archeological Society took several trips to Foula to study prehistoric standing stones. A particular sub-circular stone circle of interest was discovered in 2006 at Da Heights in the north of Foula. A further investigation launched in 2007 revealed that the sub-circular stone construction was man-made, elliptical in shape with the axis pointing towards the mid-winter solstice, built before 1000 BC.

15th to 19th centuries
In 1490, the Ciske family's estates were divided and Vaila and Foula became the property of Alv Knutsson. However, the Ciskes were Norwegian, and as Scotland had annexed Shetland a few decades before, there were confusing and conflicting claims of ownership.

In 1720, a smallpox epidemic struck the two hundred people living on Foula. Because the islanders were so isolated from the rest of the world, they had no immunity to smallpox, unlike most North European peoples at that time, and nine out of ten of the island's population died in the epidemic.

Foula remained on the Julian calendar when the rest of the Kingdom of Great Britain adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. Foula adhered to the Julian calendar by keeping 1800 as a leap year, but it did not observe a leap year in 1900. As a result, Foula is now one day ahead of the Julian calendar and 12 days behind the Gregorian, observing Christmas Day on 6 January Gregorian and New Year on 13 January Gregorian.

The writer and journalist John Sands lived on Foula and Papa Stour for a while during the late 19th century. He opposed the prevailing truck system and drew political cartoons lampooning its deficiencies. In one, he drew Foula as a beautiful young woman being strangled by a boa-constrictor labelled 'landlordism' watched by other reptiles called 'missionary', 'laird' and 'truck'.

The island was one of the last places where the Norn language was spoken (although it is claimed that Walter Sutherland of Skaw in Unst was the last speaker), and the local dialect is strongly influenced by Old Norse. In 1774 George Low, a young Scottish clergyman, visited Foula hoping to find remnants of oral literature in Norn, then nearing extinction. He found fragments of songs, ballads and romances, and from his best source, an old farmer called William Henry, the ballad now known as "Hildina". Henry was quite poorly acquainted with the language, so that, although he had as a child memorised all 35 stanzas of the ballad in the original Norn, he could give Low only a summary of its content rather than a translation. "Hildina" is the only extant poem in Norn.

20th century
Professor Ian Holbourn purchased Foula around 1900, becoming its last laird. He described the disaster of 8 September 1914, when the White Star Line RMS Oceanic hit the Shaalds o' Foula, becoming a wreck within two weeks. Holbourn embarked upon the RMS Lusitania in May 1915 and survived its sinking).

The professor's grandson, Robert Holbourn, a naval architect, acted as the island's "Peat Marshal" for many years. Peat is a valuable and scarce resource for heat and fuel in Shetland. Its cutting requires skill, taking several years to master. The most able islanders become known as the 'cutters' and, in the spirit of a long-standing Foula tradition, all able-bodied men are now and then "bid to the banks" of women who "didn't have a cutter in the house".

Simon Martin, who stayed in Foula for five years during his prolonged claim upon the wrecked Oceanic, describes the island as follows:

{{quote|Foula, or Ultima Thule, as it was known as far back as the Roman times, rises impurely out of the water, and from the Shetland Isles mainland its five peaks, the Noup, Hamnafield, the Sneug, Kame and Soberlie stand out starkly and characteristically. The cliffs on the west side vie with those of St Kilda as the highest sheer cliffs in Britain, {{convert|1200|ft|m|abbr=off}} of solid rock towering from the sea.

Foula, or Fughley as it was once also known, means literally 'Bird Island', with an estimated half million birds of various breeds sharing the rock with the inhabitants. The island’s surface largely consisting of a peat bog on rock.

A lighthouse at the southern tip of the island was built in 1986. Originally powered by acetylene gas, it has been converted to solar and wind power.

Religion
Many inhabitants of Foula attend a Presbyterian parish known as Foula Kirk or Baxter Chapel that is part of the Church of Scotland. It is made of grey-coloured stone and is situated "on the tail of 7 Hamnafield".

Film

 * Michael Powell's film The Edge of the World (1937) is a dramatisation based on the true story of the evacuation of the last 36 inhabitants of the remote island of St Kilda, on 29 August 1930. St Kilda lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 64 km west-northwest of North Uist in the Outer Hebrides; the inhabitants spoke Gaelic. Powell was unable to get permission to film in St Kilda. Undaunted, he made the film over four months during the summer of 1936 on Foula, where the islanders speak Shetland dialect.
 * Return To The Edge Of The World (1978) is a documentary capturing a reunion of the 1937 film's cast and crew, 40 years later, as they revisit the island.
 * In 2023 Polish writer and director Klaudiusz Chrostowski made a low-budget film Ultima Thule, starring Jakub Gierszał as a 30-year-old man arriving on the island to get over the death of his father. The film was almost entirely shot on Foula and features Arthur Henri, a local inhabitant, in the main supporting role. The film won the Best Micro Budget Film Award at Gdynia Film Festival in 2023.

Folklore, festivities and traditions
Foula's inhabitants preserve many Norse traditions of folklore and festivities. They still follow the Julian calendar for Christmas celebrations, with all the islanders gathering in one house on 6 January though a day out. New Year's Day falls on 13 January.

Poetry
Vagaland's poem "Da Sang o da Papa men" about the fishermen of Papa Stour includes an insistent chorus chant, "Rowin Foula Doon". This refers to the fishermen's practice of rowing their open fishing boat out to sea until the high cliffs of Foula were no longer visible. This entailed the boat's being some 96 km west of Papa Stour.

Geodesy
The Sneug in Foula was the origin (meridian) of the 6 inch and 1:2500 Ordnance Survey maps of Orkney and Shetland.

Notable residents

 * Martin Ferguson Smith (b. 1940), scholar and writer. Since retiring in 1995 he has lived in voluntary self-isolation on Foula.
 * Ian Holbourn, (1872 – 1935), was Laird of Foula, a professor and lecturer at the University of Oxford, and a writer.
 * Sheila Gear, author of Foula, Island West of the Sun (published 1983 by Robert Hale Limited). She was born in Oxford and studied zoology at Aberdeen University.  She married Jim Gear, a crofter, and wrote a book about crofter life in Shetland.
 * John Sands (1826–1900) of Ormiston, was a Scottish freelance journalist and artist with an interest in archaeology and folk customs.  He spent almost a year on St Kilda and lived on several other remote islands including Foula.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Foula


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Union Pacific Big Boy

The Union Pacific Big Boy is a type of simple articulated 4-8-8-4 steam locomotive manufactured by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) between 1941 and 1944 and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad in revenue service until 1962.

The 25 Big Boy locomotives were built to haul freight over the Wasatch Range between Ogden, Utah, and Green River, Wyoming. In the late 1940s, they were reassigned to Cheyenne, Wyoming, where they hauled freight over Sherman Hill to Laramie, Wyoming. They were the only locomotives to use a 4-8-8-4 wheel arrangement: four-wheel leading truck for stability entering curves, two sets of eight driving wheels and a four-wheel trailing truck to support the large firebox.

Today, eight Big Boys survive, with most on static display at museums across the United States. One of them, No. 4014, was re-acquired by Union Pacific, and between 2014 and 2019 was rebuilt to operating condition for the 150th anniversary of the first transcontinental railroad. It thus regained the title as the largest and most powerful operating steam locomotive in the world.

Design
In 1936, Union Pacific introduced the Challenger-type (4-6-6-4) locomotives on its main line over the Wasatch Range between Green River and Ogden. For most of the route, the maximum grade is 0.82% in either direction, but the climb eastward from Ogden, into the Wasatch Range, reached 1.14%. Hauling a 3,600 ST freight train demanded double heading and helper operations, which slowed service. Union Pacific therefore decided to design a new locomotive that could handle the run by itself: faster and more powerful than the compound 2-8-8-0s that UP tried after World War I, able to pull long trains at a sustained speed of 60 mph once past mountain grades.

A Union Pacific design team led by Otto Jabelmann, the head of the Research and Mechanical Standards section of the Union Pacific's Mechanical Department, worked with ALCO (the American Locomotive Company) to re-examine their Challenger locomotives. The team found that the railroad's goals could be achieved by enlarging the Challenger firebox to about 235 x (about 150 sqft), increasing boiler pressure to 300 psi, adding four driving wheels, and reducing the size of the driving wheels from 69 to 68 in. The new locomotive was carefully designed not to exceed an axle loading of 67,800 lb, and achieved the maximum possible starting tractive effort with a factor of adhesion of 4.0. It was designed to travel smoothly and safely at 80 mph.

To achieve these new engineering goals, the Challenger locomotive was "comprehensively redesigned from first principles", wrote locomotive historian Tom Morrison. The overall design simplified some aspects of previous locomotive designs and added complexity elsewhere. Compounding, booster, and feed water heaters were eliminated, as were Baker valve gear and limited cut-off. But the "proliferation of valves and gauges on the backhead showed that running a Big Boy was an altogether more complicated and demanding task for the crew than running previous existing locomotives", Morrison wrote.

The 4-8-8-4 class series, originally rumored to be called the "Wasatch", after the Wasatch Mountains, acquired its nickname after an unknown ALCO worker scrawled "Big Boy" in chalk on the front of No. 4000's smokebox door, then under construction as the first of its class.

The Big Boys were articulated, like the Mallet locomotive design, although lacking the compounding of the Mallet. They were built with a wide margin of reliability and safety, and normally operated well below 60 mph in freight service. Peak drawbar horsepower was reached at about 41 mph. The maximum drawbar pull measured during 1943 tests was 138,200 lbf while starting a train.

The Big Boy has the longest engine body of any reciprocating steam locomotive, longer than two 40-foot buses. They were also the heaviest reciprocating steam locomotives ever built; the combined weight of the 772,250 lb engine and 436,500 lb tender outweighed a Boeing 747. There was some speculation that the first series of Chesapeake and Ohio 2-6-6-6 H-8 “Allegheny” locomotives, built by the Lima Locomotive Works in 1941, may have weighed as much as 778,200 lb, exceeding the Big Boys, but subsequent re-weighs of early-production H-8s, under close scrutiny by the builder and the railroad, found them to be about half a ton less than 772,250 lb.

A few experiments were carried out on the Big Boys during their years in revenue service. One experiment saw the conversion of No. 4005 to oil fuel in 1946. Unlike a similar effort with the Challengers, the conversion failed due to uneven heating in the Big Boy's large, single-burner firebox. The locomotive was converted back to coal in 1948. (Decades later, No. 4014 would be successfully converted to oil during its restoration. ) Another experiment saw No. 4007 being modified with a single stack in October 1948. The results were unsatisfactory, and the locomotive was reverted to double stack after testing. One final short-term experiment was the fitting of smoke deflectors on locomotive 4019, similar to those found on the railroad's FEF Series, as well as some of their Challengers. These were later removed, as the Big Boys' nozzle and blower in the smoke box could blow smoke high enough to keep engineers’ lines of sight clear.

Construction
The American Locomotive Company manufactured 25 Big Boy locomotives for Union Pacific: 20 in 1941 and five in 1944. Along with the Challengers, the Big Boys arrived on the scene just as traffic was surging in preparation for American participation in World War II.

Operation
The Big Boy locomotives had large grates to burn the low-quality bituminous coal supplied by Union Pacific-owned mines in Wyoming. Coal was carried from the tender to the firebox by a Standard Stoker Company type MB automatic stoker that could supply slightly over 12+1/2 ST per hour. Water to the boiler was furnished by a Nathan type 4000C Automatic Restarting injector rated for 12,500 gallons per hour on the right side and an Elesco T.P. 502 exhaust steam injector rated for 14,050 gallons per hour on the left side.

Upon their arrival on Union Pacific property in 1941, the Big Boys were assigned to the Utah Division's First Sub, between Ogden and Green River, which included the 1.14% grade for which they were designed. From February 1943 to November of the same year, three Big Boys were assigned to the Los Angeles & Salt Lake Line and ran between Ogden and Milford, Utah. In 1944, with the arrival of additional Challengers and the second order of Big Boys, their operating territory was expanded east from Green River to Cheyenne over the Wyoming Division's Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Subs. Beginning in 1948, with Challenger locomotives taking over the bulk of service between Ogden and Green River, the Big Boys saw only occasional service on the Utah Division, while their operating territory was expanded to include the line south from Cheyenne to Denver. Between 1950 and 1957, they were occasionally assigned to handle trains east of Cheyenne to North Platte over the Nebraska Division's Third Sub. In the final years of steam on the UP, where the locomotives were only fired up to help with the fall rush traffic, the Big Boys saw service only between Cheyenne and Laramie.

In April 1943, UP borrowed a dynamometer car from AT&SF to evaluate Big Boy performance. Several test runs were made on the Evanston Subdivision from Ogden to Evanston (76 miles), and it was found that a Big Boy could consume 11 tons of coal and 12,000 gallons of water an hour operating at full throttle, producing 6,290 drawbar horsepower at 41.4 mph. Designed to haul 3,600 tons up the 1.14% ruling gradient over this subdivision, the tests demonstrated that a Big Boy could handle 4,200 tons, running at an average speed of 18 to 20 mph between those two division points.

The locomotives were held in high regard by crews, who found them sure-footed and more “user friendly” than other motive power. They were capable machines, and their rated hauling tonnage was increased several times over the years (see section on tonnage ratings).

Postwar increases in the price of coal and labor, along with the advent of efficient, cost-effective diesel-electric power, spelled the end of their operational lives. They were among the last steam locomotives withdrawn from service on the Union Pacific. The last revenue train hauled by a Big Boy ended its run early in the morning on July 21, 1959. Most were stored in operational condition until 1961; four remained in operational condition at Green River, Wyoming, until 1962. Their duties were assumed by diesel locomotives and gas turbine-electric locomotives.

In 2019, Union Pacific completed the restoration of No. 4014 and placed it in excursion service. The locomotive was sent on a tour in celebration of the 150th anniversary of the completion of the First transcontinental railroad.

Tonnage ratings over principal operating territories (1946-1959)
Most grades on Union Pacific's Overland Route were no steeper than 0.82%. So for a majority of the route, Big Boys could handle trains of roughly 6,000 tons in either direction, limited only by the length of sidings and the locomotives' capacity to recharge the train's air brake system. The two exceptions were the 1.14% eastbound gradient between Ogden and Evanston and the 1.55% westbound gradient between Cheyenne and Sherman Hill. In 1953, the latter grade was alleviated by the opening of Track 3 via Harriman, whose 0.82% grade theoretically allowed a Big Boy to haul a 6,000-ton train unassisted the entire 993 mi miles from Council Bluffs, Iowa, to Ogden.

No. 4005 accident
On April 27, 1953, No. 4005 was pulling a freight train through southern Wyoming when it jumped a switch track at 50 mph, throwing the engine onto its left side and derailing its tender and the first 18 freight cars of its 62-car train. The engineer and fireman were killed on impact; the brakeman died of severe burns in a hospital a few days later. The tender destroyed the cab of the locomotive, and the loads from the 18 derailed cars were scattered. The locomotive was repaired by Union Pacific at its Cheyenne facility and returned to service until 1962.

Preservation
Most of the 25 Big Boys were scrapped, but seven remain on static display—two indoors and five outdoors, under the elements—and an eighth, Union Pacific 4014, was rebuilt to operating condition by Union Pacific's steam program.

title: Union Pacific Big Boy


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USS Montana (ACR-13)

USS Montana (ACR-13/CA-13), also referred to as "Armored Cruiser No. 13", later renamed Missoula and reclassified CA-13, was a Tennessee-class cruiser armored cruiser of the United States Navy. She was built by the Newport News Drydock & Shipbuilding Co.; her keel was laid down in April 1905, she was launched in December 1906, and she was commissioned in July 1908. The final class of armored cruisers to be built for the US Navy, Montana and her sisters were armed with a main battery of four 10 inch guns, and they were capable of a top speed of 22 kn.

Montana spent her active duty career in the Atlantic Fleet. She made two cruises to the Mediterranean Sea to protect American citizens in the Ottoman Empire, the first in 1909 in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution and the second during the Balkan Wars in 1913. Montana was also involved in political unrest in Central American countries, sending landing parties ashore in Haiti and in Mexico during the Occupation of Veracruz, both in 1914.

After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, Montana was tasked with convoy escort and training ship duties. With the end of the war in November 1918 came a new task, transporting American soldiers back from the battlefields of Europe. She made six round trips to France and carried back a total of 8,800 men. Montana was then transferred to the Puget Sound Naval Yard in Washington state, where she was decommissioned and renamed Missoula. She remained in the reserve fleet until 1930, when she was stricken under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. The ship was eventually sold for scrap in 1935 and broken up.

Design

Montana was 504 ft long overall and had beam of 72 ft and a draft of 25 ft. She displaced 14500 LT normally and up to 15981 LT at full load. The ship was propelled by two 4-cylinder, vertical triple-expansion engines, with steam provided by sixteen coal-fired Babcock & Wilcox water-tube boilers trunked into four funnels. The engines were rated at 23000 ihp, which produced a top speed of 22 kn. She had a storage capacity for up to 2000 LT of coal, which allowed her to steam for 6500 nmi at a speed of 10 kn. She had a crew of 914 officers and men. Originally fitted with a pair of military masts, Montana had her foremast replaced with a cage mast in 1911.

Montana was armed with a main battery of four 10 in 40-caliber Mark 3 guns in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. These were supported by a secondary battery of sixteen 6 in 40-caliber Mark 8 guns mounted in casemates, eight on each broadside. For defense against torpedo boats, she carried twenty-two 3 in 50-caliber guns in single pedestal mounts either in casemates or sponsons in the hull. She also carried a variety of smaller guns, including twelve 3-pounder automatic guns and four 1-pounders. Like other contemporary armored cruisers, she was also armed with four 21 in torpedo tubes located below the waterline in her hull. Montana was protected by a combination of Krupp cemented steel and older Harvey steel. The ship's armored belt was 5 in thick and the maximum thickness of the armor deck was 3 in thick. The main battery turret faces were 9 in thick, as were the sides of the conning tower.

Service history
The keel for Montana was laid down at the Newport News Drydock & Shipbuilding Co. in Newport News on 29 April 1905. Her completed hull was launched on 15 December 1906, and after fitting-out work was completed, the new cruiser was commissioned into the United States Navy on 21 July 1908. She was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet and was transferred to Norfolk, Virginia. Montana steamed out of Norfolk on 5 August for a cruise off the eastern coast of the United States that lasted until 25 January 1909. On 8 October 1908 she put on a searchlight display as part of a fireworks display at Philadelphia. During the display her searchlights blinded the operator of Philadelphia Police Department steamer SS Visitor that then had a slight collision with a barge that "Visitor" was going to, to help put out a fire on board caused by malfunctioning fireworks. After a stop in Charleston, South Carolina, she continued south through the Caribbean Sea, arriving at Colón, Panama on 29 January. There, she joined the Special Service Squadron. This duty was interrupted twice; the first came in February, when she returned to Hampton Roads, Virginia, where she and the rest of the Atlantic Fleet greeted the Great White Fleet at the conclusion of its circumnavigation of the globe. The second came in April, owing to instability in the Ottoman Empire following the Young Turk Revolution that threatened American interests. Montana departed Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, on 2 April, when she was sent to the Mediterranean to protect Americans in the region. She remained there until 23 July, when she left Gibraltar, arriving in Boston on 3 August. She thereafter returned to her normal operations patrolling the eastern coast of the United States.

Montana departed Hampton Roads on 8 April 1910, bound for South America for the Argentina Centennial. She steamed in company with her sister ship USS North Carolina (ACR-12), eventually reaching Maldonado, Uruguay, where the two cruisers met their sister USS Tennessee (ACR-10) and the armored cruiser USS South Dakota (ACR-9), which had steamed down independently. The four ships then continued on to Bahía Blanca, Argentina, for the centennial celebrations. The ship left Argentina on 30 June and arrived back in Hampton Roads on 22 July. After resuming her normal peacetime routine for the following three months, Montana was tasked with escorting President William Howard Taft aboard Tennessee for a trip to Panama. The two ships departed Charleston on 10 November for the visit, which lasted a week. On 26 July 1911, Montana was transferred to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet and she began an overhaul at the Portsmouth Navy Yard that lasted until 11 November 1912. During the overhaul, a cage mast was installed in place of her original fore military mast.

After returning to service in late 1912, Montana made another trip to the eastern Mediterranean, departing in December. Montana again joined Tennessee for the patrol, which was ordered in response to the Balkan Wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan League, which again threatened American interests in the region. The ships operated under the command of Rear Admiral Austin M. Knight. During the trip, which lasted until June 1913, she made stops in Beirut, İskenderun, and Mersin. After returning to the United States, the ship resumed her peacetime routine of training cruises off the American east coast, as well as cruises to Mexico, Cuba, and Haiti, over the following year. During this period, on 23 January 1914, Montana was in Haiti when Michel Oreste abdicated from the presidency. Montana and the German protected cruiser SMS Vineta (1897) landed marines in Port-au-Prince to prevent rioting in the capital. Later that year, for a few days between 28 April and early May, Montana took part in the United States occupation of Veracruz, where the ship's commander, Louis McCoy Nulton, led a landing party in the city during the occupation. Montana also carried the remains on the seventeen sailors and marines who had been killed in the fighting back to New York City, arriving on 10 May. There, the Navy held a ceremony attended by President Woodrow Wilson and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels.

World War I
After the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917, Montana initially was tasked with transporting men and materiel in the York River area, along with conducting training exercises. On 17 July, she was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force; she spent the majority of 1917 and 1918 escorting convoys from Hampton Roads, New York City, and Halifax, Nova Scotia to France. These operations included a troopship convoy of four transports—SS Finland, USS Henderson (AP-1), USAT Antilles, and USAT San Jacinto—carrying part of the American Expeditionary Forces on 6 August 1917. In early 1918, she was briefly used as a training ship for naval cadets from the United States Naval Academy in the Chesapeake Bay. A troopship convoy followed in June 1918 in company with the cruisers USS South Dakota (ACR-9) and USS Huntington (CA-5) and the destroyers USS Gregory (DD-82) and USS Fairfax (DD-93), protecting the Italian steamers SS Re d'Italia, SS Caserta, and SS Duca d'Aosta, the French SS Patria, and American transports Pocahontas and Susquehanna.

In September 1918, Montana took part in another troopship convoy to France with the battleship USS Georgia (BB-15), the armored cruiser USS North Carolina (ACR-12), and the destroyer USS Rathburne (DD-113). The convoy consisted of the transports USS Princess Matoika (ID-2290), USS President Grant (ID-3014), USS Mongolia (ID-1615), Rijndam, Wilhelmina, British steamer Ascanius. The following month she joined the battleship USS Nebraska (BB-14) to escort twelve British merchant ships bound for Liverpool. Following the Allied victory in November 1918, Montana was sent to France to begin the process of transporting American soldiers back from Europe. These operations were interrupted in March 1919, when on 5 March Montana departed New York in company with the passenger ship SS George Washington, which was carrying Wilson back to France for the conclusion of the peace treaty negotiations. By July 1919, she had made six round trips between France and the United States, carrying a total of some 8,800 American soldiers.

After the conclusion of the repatriation effort, Montana was transferred to the west coast of the United States. She arrived in the Puget Sound Navy Yard in Seattle on 16 August, where she remained until 2 February 1921, when she was decommissioned. During this period of inactivity, she was renamed Missoula on 7 June 1920 so her original name could be used for one of the planned South Dakota-class battleships, and she reclassified with the hull number CA-13. Though decommissioned in 1921, the ship remained in the Navy's inventory until 15 July 1930, when she was formally stricken from the naval register, according to the terms of the London Naval Treaty, which placed aggregate tonnage limits on the cruiser fleets of the signatory countries. She was sold to John Irwin Jr. on 29 September and was eventually broken up in 1935.

title: USS Montana (ACR-13)


text:
User:Lancemurdoch

Hello I'm Lance Murdoch. I plan to contribute pages regarding political economy (nowadays split into two subjects: political science and economics), as well as on other topics like chess.

Mr. Poor's implementation of WP's NPOV philosophy
User: Ed Poor's personal page begins with this statement:

Let's look at Mr. Poor's change comments on the Red Scare page to see his implementation of WP's NPOV philosophy in action:

Perhaps Mr. Poor is someone who is gifted at articulating and implementing WP's NPOV philosophy. Or perhaps he knows how to, as he says, "do what I'm told" (actually, I have no doubt he excels at that). Or perhaps Wikipedia is owned and controlled by a wealthy capitalist, Jimbo, and he and his little cabal see Mr. Poor as their brethren and invited him into ranks. -- Lancemurdoch 02:44, 14 Jan 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Lancemurdoch


text:
Talk:Allied Control Authority (ACA)

Can somebody get this picture to move over to the left a bit? I've tried everything I know to do, but it's too far right. RickK 06:41, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * How's that? I fudged the div a bit but the image is too darned wide, and probably needs to be cropped or resized. Dysprosia 06:45, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Allied Control Authority (ACA)


text:
USS Philadelphia (C-4)

The fourth USS Philadelphia (C-4) (later IX-24) was the sixth protected cruiser of the United States Navy. Although designed by the Navy Department, her hull was similar to the preceding British-designed USS Baltimore (C-3), but Philadelphia had a uniform main armament of twelve 6-inch guns.

She was laid down 22 March 1888 by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, launched 7 September 1889, sponsored by Miss Minnie Wanamaker, daughter of merchant and philanthropist John Wanamaker; and commissioned 28 July 1890, Capt. Albert S. Barker in command.

Design and construction
Philadelphia was built to Navy Department plans, with twelve 6-inch (152 mm)/30 caliber guns. Two guns each were on the bow and stern, with the remainder in sponsons along the sides. Secondary armament was four 6-pounder (57 mm) guns, four 3-pounder (47 mm) Hotchkiss revolving cannon, two 1-pounder (37 mm) Hotchkiss revolving cannon, and two .45 caliber (11.4 mm) Gatling guns. Some of the weapons listed as Hotchkiss revolving cannon may actually have been rapid-firing guns. Four 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes were included in the design but never mounted.

References vary as to the ship's armor. Philadelphia probably had 3 in gun shields and a 3 in conning tower. The armored deck was up to 4 in thick.

The engineering plant included an unusual mix of boilers: four Scotch return-tube double-ended, one single-ended, and four locomotive boilers. These produced 160 psi steam for two horizontal triple expansion engines totaling 10500 ihp (designed) for a designed speed of 19 kn. This speed was attained on trials but the trial horsepower was only 8814 ihp. As with other contemporary Navy Department designs, sails were fitted but soon removed. Philadelphia carried 525 tons of coal for a designed range of 6354 nmi at 10 kn.

The ship's 6-inch guns were converted to rapid-firing in 1898. All armament was removed when Philadelphia was converted into a receiving ship in 1904.

Atlantic Squadron, 1890–1893
While fitting out at the New York Navy Yard, Philadelphia was designated on 18 August as flagship of Rear Admiral Bancroft Gherardi, commanding the North Atlantic Squadron. The squadron departed New York on 19 January 1891 to cruise the West Indies for the protection of American interests until May. It was during this time Fred J. Buenzle had served aboard the Philadelphia, as noted in Bluejacket; An Autobiography, a part of the Classics of Naval Literature series. Then to the northern waters as far as Halifax, Nova Scotia. Early the following year, the flagship called at Montevideo, Uruguay, 6–18 February, after which she resumed cruising in the West Indies.

Philadelphia continued operations with the Atlantic Squadron along the eastern seaboard of the United States and in the West Indies until 1 March 1893. She was then assigned to the Naval Review Fleet as flagship of Rear Admiral Bancroft Gherardi. Charged with conducting the International Rendezvous and Review, with a fleet of twelve American ships, he received the visiting foreign ships as they commenced arrival in Hampton Roads on 8 April. The fleet steamed to New York 24 April, where it joined additional foreign visitors to form a combined fleet of 35 men-of-war. President Grover Cleveland reviewed the Fleet 27 April, after which appropriately festive ceremonies took place, initiating a parade through the streets of New York. The Naval Review Fleet disbanded 31 May and Philadelphia departed New York 30 June 1893, bound for the Pacific Squadron via Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Callao, Peru.

Pacific Station, 1893–1902
Philadelphia arrived San Francisco 22 August 1893. As the flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station, she cruised with the squadron, engaging in drills and maneuvers, and visiting various ports on the west coast of the United States, Mexico, and South America, and in the Hawaiian Islands. She arrived at the Mare Island Navy Yard 14 October 1897 and decommissioned there 18 December.

Philadelphia recommissioned 9 July 1898 and became the flagship of Rear Admiral J. N. Miller, Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Station. She steamed from San Francisco 2 July to participate in the ceremonies attending the assumption of sovereignty by the United States over the Hawaiian Islands. Flagship Philadelphia arrived Honolulu 3 August, and nine days hence her officers and those of the steam sloop USS Mohican (1883), with a force under arms from the two warships, represented the US Navy at the ceremonies transferring the Hawaiian Islands to the United States.

In March 1899, with Commander-in-Chief Rear Admiral Albert Kautz embarked, Philadelphia steamed to the Samoan Islands for duty in connection with the settlement of civil difficulties by the Samoan Commissioners of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. A landing party from Philadelphia went ashore in the vicinity of Vailele 1 April to act in concert with a British landing party. The combined force, ambushed by adherents of Chief Mataafa, sustained seven killed and seven wounded, including two American officers, Lieutenant Philip Lansdale and Ensign John R. Monaghan, and two sailors killed, including Seaman Norman Edsall, and five bluejackets wounded. Philadelphia remained in the Samoan Islands until 21 May 1899, when she steamed for the west coast via Honolulu.

Philadelphia served as flagship of the Pacific Station until 6 February 1900, when Rear Admiral Kautz transferred his flag to USS Iowa (BB-4). The cruiser continued Pacific operations until 1902, conducting training cruises, drills, target practice, and port visits.

Returning from a six-month cruise off the Panamanian coast, Philadelphia arrived San Francisco 17 July 1902. Needing extensive repairs, she was ordered to the Puget Sound Navy Yard for decommissioning. Arriving Bremerton, Washington 23 August, she decommissioned at Puget Sound 22 September 1902.

Receiving ship, 1904–1926
Philadelphia was housed over and became a receiving ship at Puget Sound Navy Yard 12 May 1904. She continued this service until 4 November 1912, when she became a prison ship. Resuming service as a receiving ship 10 January 1916, she was redesignated with the hull number IX-24 (unclassified miscellaneous) on 17 July 1920. She was struck from the Navy List on 24 November 1926.

Cruiser Philadelphia was sold at public auction at the Puget Sound Navy Yard in 1927 to Louis Rotherberg.

title: USS Philadelphia (C-4)


text:
Talk:Latter Day Saint

Latter Day Saint and Latter-day Saint
I am unsure why this is a seperate page from Latter-day Saint since the proper modifying words should be hyphenated and refer to the same concept. Let's combine. Any objections?

 * I think that creating this page was a good idea. The idea of a "Latter Day Saint", spelled without a hyphen, existed long before it was first spelled "Latter-day Saint" by Utah Mormons.  Many Mormon sects still refer to themselves as "Latter Day Saints", yet do not spell it "Latter-day Saints".COGDEN 04:12, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Good job, B and Cogden. This page: Hawstom 04:18, 8 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Is brief and doesn't rehash much.
 * Sticks to its point.
 * May have a purpose.
 * Contains info new to me.

 * I Disagree, this info should be merged, or should be named (disambiguation). I read almost the whole page before I realized this isn't the page on LDS Alcuin 12:45, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The Latter-day Saint page is vague, doesnt cite sources and contains no relevent information that isn't in the Latter Day Saint article. These pages should defintely be merged as it's very confusing to people who know little on the subject. kristmace 16 August 2006

 * a "Latter Day Saint" should be merged with "Strangite" as the aforementioned term refers to the Mormon sect that broke off with leader James J Strang. A "Latter-day Saint" is the original Mormon religion whose current Prophet is Gorden B. Hinckley" --Ccolling 02:35, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * see Talk:Latter-day Saint -- Trödel 15:01, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Latter Day Saint and Mormonism
There is a page on "Mormonism" in addition to this one that seems to cover the same territory. Should these two pages perhaps be merged? --ArcticFrog 15:11, 20 May 2004 (UTC)ArcticFrog

I think this article is about the "who" and Mormonism is about the "what". It makes sense to me the way it is broken down. Tom (hawstom) 14:39, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I found this problem with the Catholicism page.

Someone there wrote. Since Catholic refers to a person who is part of Catholicism itself, it should be merged into there right this very second. I agree. In Wikipedia Buddists are listed under Buddisism, Hindus listed under Hinduism, Jewish under Judaism and so on. President shows how religions are named so latter day saints should also be merged into mormonism right this very second.````

 * I would say mormons are related to mormonism, as Buddists are related to Buddisism. But mormons usually does not view themselves as mormons, but as saints. As you know a Saint was common biblical word for being a Christian in the new testament. The Latter Day part stress the relation between the biblical and the present (latter) day christians. So far there is no other Saintly -ism word invented than just the simple Christianity word. So why not use it and call it Christianity (Latter Day Saint) instead of Mormonism? For the Latter Day Saints the formal belonging to Christ and his church is viewed as holy or a commandment from God. --Mattias2 18:55, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Latter Day Saint and Latter-day Saint
Since Lmgold feels that the distinction between Latter Day Saint and Latter-day Saint is so important that they keep adding it to the first paragraph, rather than just leaving it in the third paragraph, I've moved the whole text of the third paragraph up there.

I hope is acceptable - it seems unnecessary to describe a term with a different meaning (i.e. the specific meaning of Latter-day Saint over the general meaning of Latter Day Saint) twice in the general article... even if the specific meaning is more common. - MykReeve 10:44, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. I think the way you arranged it is the best way. COGDEN 19:55, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

The articles should absolutely be merged. People who are trying to find information on LDS are not going to know the difference. It looks like poor organization to have the two links in the template. BenC7 02:12, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * This is still not correct. What is the basis for claiming that "Latter-day Saint" is a British styling? The Chicago Manual of Style sets forward the general rule for hyphenation of modifying words, and it is clear that you use hyphenation to link words that modify the subject necessary to prevent confusion. Is a "latter day saint" a latter "day saint" or a "latter day" saint? You can't tell. That's why the use of hyphenation is necessary (pursuant to the Chicago rules). The Chicago rules are hardly British style, being in existence since 1906 and written for U.S. publications. Can't we correct this grammar? --tortdog 21:24, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * We're talking about usage from the 1830s. Whatever the recommendation is today, the terms Latter Day Saints and Latter-day Saints have different meanings. It's not that one or the other is incorrect, it's just that Latter Day Saints was earlier and has a broader meaning. I don't know, but it could be that non-hyphenation was an American style in the 1800s. Regardless, however, changing the spelling and hyphenation in the article title would significantly change the meaning, and would make lots of members of the Latter Day Saint movement mad.  CO GD EN  22:26, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * So an encylopedia ignores English grammar because those who use "latter day saints" would be upset? Where has the "latter day saint" movement documented their choice of bad grammar?--tortdog 14:23, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not that they would be upset, it is that the two terms refer to DIFFERENT sects of the religion. English speaking, one would be marked wrong on an essay, the other right; However, as small a difference that this is, the two different movements should be kept separate, since otherwise it would NOT tell history to the fullest truth, so potentially someone researching the less common use would be totally confused.  The only acceptable decision is to keep the two terms separate as they refer to a group with similar beliefs, but not ABSOLUTELY the same. --Ccolling 02:39, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

Mormons
"Members of smaller sects are sometimes, but incorrectly, referred to as 'Mormons'"". I don't think this is accurate.  I don't recall the FLDS, for example, one of the largest minor groups, taking issue with being called Mormons.  The LDS Church and we members often take issue with their being called Mormons, but I'm not sure that makes it "incorrect".  Tom (hawstom) 20:26, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * That's not strictly true. The LDS.org website states this - There Is No Such Thing as a "Mormon Fundamentalist" or "Mormon Sect"

 * The term “Mormon” is a nickname commonly applied to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. There is no such thing as a "Mormon fundamentalist," nor are there “Mormon sects." A correct term to describe these polygamist groups is "polygamist sects." The inclusion of the word “Mormon” is misleading and inaccurate.

 * Regarding "Polygamist sects." these sects. do not refer to themselves as such. They believe that they are THE Mormons. They believe the other (larger) church has moved away from the original teachings. So this discussion (of the names) depends on who you ask. I believe they should be included in the Mormon page.

 * The Associated Press Stylebook states, "The term Mormon is not properly applied to the other Latter Day Saints churches that resulted from the split after [Joseph] Smith’s death." http://www.lds.org/newsroom/mistakes/0,15331,3885-1-23368,00.html

 * Kristmace 12:38, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * See Naming conventions (Mormonism) and its Talk page for further information on the usage of "Mormon" on Wikipedia. --Kmsiever 13:44, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Site Link
The link to the writer's style guide is correct, but broken. Wierd...Maybe the lds.org servers don't like WikiPedia :P Bruce 10:13, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Works for me Moogle 07:46, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Initialism
The article begins:

 * A Latter Day Saint (LDS) is ... The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) ...

This seems to imply that the LDS Church is the church of LDS people. However, it is obvious that this is a case of all squares are rectangles ....

I see only two solutions:
 * 1) Use the LDS initialism for Latter-day Saints only — unforeseeable as it connotes a denunciation of other Latter Day Saints as being such.
 * 2) Use a different nickname for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — yet another dilemma.

Of the two, I suggest using Church of Jesus Christ on second reference as this is not in use and is suggested by the Latter-day Saint Style Guide and others (U of U, UVSC, and BYU). Obviously this is not definitive (and is localized), but as these are the places that deal with it most, they might know how to handle it best. Moogle 07:46, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Attaboy
The intro to this article really is looking nice. I wonder what would be a nice image. A composite of Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon? Tom Haws 20:13, May 18, 2005 (UTC)

LDS vs. ERA
I'd like to direct the attention of any interested parties to the section at the bottom of the ERA talk page. I noticed the absence of any mention of the LDS's involvement, and I'd like the gap filled, but I'm not sure I'm the right person to do this. Any takers? Alienus 01:59, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Church of God End Time Saints
Someone tagged on a link to a website for a group called The Church of God End Time Saints. The website is often incoherent and the author doesn't seem interested in common writing conventions such as punctuation and grammar, so I'm suspicious of its legitimacy. Has anyone else heard of this group? ''' Tijuana Brass ¡Épa! - E@''' 16:55, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * They're a pentacostal movement that have nothing to do with Latter Day Saints so I removed the link. Kristmace 16:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Restoration Branches
What is meant by this line in the article?
 * Restoration Branches (separate organizations, but part of the 250 thousand)

Does this mean that they are part of the Community of Christ? That is the 250 thousand mentioned. Whether this is correct or not, please make it clear. Val42 00:59, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks like a typo to me. I erased it and did a couple of other cleanup changes.  Tijuana Brass ¡Épa! - E@ 10:52, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I believe this still remains unclear. Kuki ni 05:48, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Articles of Faith
In this section of the article, it mentions that memorizing these are a requirement for receiving the Primary graduation certificate. Does this apply to all of the Latter Day Saints or only the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints? Val42 05:13, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * That only applies to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and therefore, I thought it inappropriate for it to be mentioned here. It's not really a requirement, more like a suggestion. I removed this reference. Kristmace 16:32, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Some of the articles, like number 4 is incorrect... look at the curch's site —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.67.23.24 (talk) 17:01, 1 April 2007 (UTC).

Merge with Mormonism

 * == New merge request. ==

 * This page and all LDS pages should be merged under the title Mormonism. All LDS pages are talking about Joseph Smith's teachings, the page is about his teachings anyway, so that goes to reason they read the book of Mormon therfore Mormons.You may want to seperate your modern church from its past however its past can't be changed. The current "big" branch is still preaching about Joseph Smith and Brigham Young and they were part of the Latter Day Saint movement, Church and Mormonism.
 * This is not the main reason I suggest the change however. They should be merged because all the other religions I've read about on Wikipedia include the movements or beginings, middles and currents on their main (only) page. As in Buddist getting only a Buddism page, Hindus getting only a Hindism page and so on. If they are not merged then I feel that all of the other religions should have similar adjustment to the Mormons. As Mormonism has three (3) different listings as of today, Sept. 26 2006, Latter day Saint Movement,Latter day saints and Mormons. They should all be listed under Mormanism. Anarcism, Capitalism, Communism have many forms but only one (1) page each.

 * lol: I was wrong there are nine (9) pages on Momonism as of today (maybe more are hiding) Latter day Saint Movement,Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ,History of the Latter Day Saint movement,Jesus in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Missions of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mormon, Mormonism, and there are lists with (small) pages of even more sects. I'd be willing to wager that all of the different branches not only follow the book of Mormon, but also all but one originated in Utah.

 * Joeseph Smith's MORMONISM and the book of Mormon is what all the above pages are all refering to.
 * And a quote from Latter Day Saint movement page shows the connection."The Latter Day Saint movement spawned many religious denominations, some of which include a set of doctrines, practices, and cultures collectively known as Mormonism, although some do not accept the designation Mormon."

Fixed Mistake
"However, certain denominations have different articles of faith, and others, such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, have modified the Articles to reflect later doctrinal developments." <-- This isn't true so I removed the reference to "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints", who have kept the original 13 articles as originally written in the letter by Joseph Smith. I'm not sure what other denominations have changed the articles, but if someone knows or wants to do the research adding a denomination who has changed the articles it would be great.Primalscreamtherapy 23:41, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * There were several versions of the articles of faith during the early church. You can read a version in the second volume of "Joseph Smith Begins His Work" that contains 14 articles, instead of the 13 used today by the Utah-based church, and with five first principles and ordinances of the gospel instead of four. There were other versions as well, a couple of them published by Orson Pratt and Orson Hyde. However, I don't think this portion of the above sentence was correct: "to reflect later doctrinal developments." The different versions did not contain contrasting doctrinal statements, and none of the versions were ever intended as definitive summations of church doctrine -- just an introductory set of principles. Eric.d.dixon 11:02, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Eric.d.dixon is right. The ones the Church uses today are adaptations from History of the Church, where there were only thirteen. The adaptations are all fairly trivial, replacing "&c." with "and so forth," and changing article ten to say "the American continent" rather than simply "this continent," and other stylistic changes. Bruce 20:19, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Neutrality
A neutrality tag has just been added to this article without any note on this discussion page. Unless someone tells us what the neutrality dispute is about, I will remove the tag. — Val42 16:21, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I noticed this as well, and apparently it was put there by this user who has had a past history of putting tags on pages where they don't belong and I definitely think they don't belong, so I'm removing them. Bella   Swan  00:14, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction
The Term Latter Day Saint ONLY applies to The LDS church members, Not the break offs(Church or Christ, etc). 76.241.87.33
 * Not according to the Wikipedia naming conventions. The term "Latter-day Saint" applies only to the LDS Chruch (notice the dash and the lower case "d").  Please review the naming standards so you can know which articles are about the movement and which articles are about the LDS Church.  It is a subtle but significant difference.  Bytebear 20:38, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Deleted material on state percentages of LDS
I deleted the information on the U.S. states with the highest percentage population of Latter Day Saints. I think this information would be more appropriate for an article about Latter Day Saints in the United States or the LDS Church specifically. Unfortunately, I think its placement here is a little bit too U.S.-centric, since Latter Day Saints live in many countries in the world. It's also probably a bit LDS Church-centric, since I am assuming those statistics refer to members of the LDS Church and not necessarily other Latter Day Saints. Good Ol’factory (talk) 00:50, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Those seeking clarification are left with none
This page should exist, but only as a means to differentiate between Mormon and Latter-day Saints. However, this differentiation is arguably not satisfactorily addressed in the article's text.67.150.254.177 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 02:20, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Again, an anonymous editor makes my point about these two articles. I have made my attempts at fixing the problem, but they have always been undone. Will this problem remain unfixed indefinitely? — Val42 (talk) 04:30, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. Let's do something about this. --Jgstokes-We can disagree without being disagreeable (talk) 01:49, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Meaning and Translation of "latter day"
We are trying to write an explanation of the term "latter day" in the Hebrew Wikipedia. There are two main options. One of them implies more strongly "latter days" in the Apocalypse meaning, and the other is simpler and refers to "latter days" as opposed to "former days".

End_days explains "latter days" in the more metaphysical sense of the days before Apocalypse, while this article describes the simpler "latter as opposed to former". Neither article cites a clear source for the claim.

So, i came here because i wanted to improve the Hebrew Wikipedia, hoping to find external sources that will help me, but i guess that the sources in the English Wikipedia should be improved too.

Any help? --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 21:17, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * My guess is that in the belief of many Latter Day Saints the two meanings are co-extensive; i.e., both the meanings apply. You're right that some sources could be useful, though, and I will look for some. Good Ol’factory (talk) 22:02, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I'll take a stab at helping. Hopefully what I say won't be too confusing. Amir, as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, I can tell you that we believe that Joseph Smith helped to usher in the final dispensation (the last period of time when the gospel will be restored before Christ's Second Coming). We believe that we are very literally in the last days of this earth's history. Some sources have pointed to the fact that this is the "Saturday evening" of time (since we consider Christ's Second Coming as the last "Sunday" of time). So, when members of the LDS Church speak of the "latter days", we have reference to the fact that the Second Coming is drawing near and that we believe the Lord will come soon. I don't have any sources for you at present, but I will keep an eye out. For the moment, I can tell you that everything I've said can be backed up by statements in ancient and modern scripture and by the words of some of our General Authorities who have spoken on this subject. Does that help? --Jgstokes-We can disagree without being disagreeable (talk) 22:11, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I think any reference on the topic would need to refer to pre-succession crisis (1844) teachings/statements by Smith or other leaders as opposed to teachings solely of the LDS Church or its leaders, since in the context of the article it's describing why Smith chose the name, not why the LDS Church uses the name. Just something to keep in mind as you look at sourcing... Good Ol’factory (talk) 22:33, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * What about looking at the translations of any of the "Latter Day" churches that exist in Israel. This may only be "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", which would take us back to the beginning.  However, there may be others that have done translations to Hebrew, which should include this translation.  I think that figuring out which translation to use would be akin to original research, but I haven't read the rules for this on Wikipedia. — Val42 (talk) 05:18, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

Proposal to merge "Latter Day Saint" into "Latter Day Saint movement"
The more I think about it, the less I see a justification for maintaining separate Latter Day Saint movement and Latter Day Saint pages. I think these two articles are really directed toward the same basic concept. a Latter Day Saint is merely a member of the Latter Day Saint movement--nothing more--and if we maintain two separate articles, we really have to cover the same ground in both places. By comparison, there are not separate articles for "Protestant" and "Protestantism", "Methodist" and "Methodism", or "New Ager" and "New Age movement". Thus, I propose that we merge the two articles. My initial thought is to merge both into Latter Day Saint movement; however, I see advantages of the opposite merge as well, where we keep Latter Day Saint. CO GDEN  00:21, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Support merge to Latter Day Saint movement. Assuming, of course, that all the information in this article is appropriately included in a section in Latter Day Saint movement, I don't see a problem with doing this. In fact, it could do a lot to reduce redundancies between the two articles. As mentioned, this will bring things into conformity with how other adherent–movement topics are addressed in article space. I too can see benefits of merging the other way, but I think most other movements tend to have the article named after the movement as opposed to the adherents, so I'm fine for it to be done this way. Good Ol’factory (talk) 22:57, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Support - agreed; there is no reason to have two articles for the identical topic.-- Storm  Rider  02:49, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

--As nobody seems to disagree, I've made the change. CO GDEN  07:47, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Per a merger discussion at Talk:List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement in May 2011, Latter Day Saint (disambiguation) (comprising a long-standing disambiguation page listing sects) and Latter Day Saint should redirect to the list article, LDS sects. I've updated this redirect.--Hodgson-Burnett's Secret Garden (talk) 06:53, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Latter Day Saint


text:
Partholón

Partholón (Parthalán) is a character in medieval Irish Christian pseudo-history, who is said to have led one of the first groups to settle in Ireland. 'Partholón' comes from the Biblical name Bartholomaeus (Bartholomew), and may be borrowed from a character who appears in the Christian pseudo-histories of Saints Jerome and Isidore of Seville.

Description
In most versions of the tale, Partholón is the leader of the second group of people to settle in Ireland, the Muintir Partholóin (People of Partholón). They arrive on the uninhabited island about 300 years after Noah's Flood and introduce farming, cooking, brewing and building. After some years, they all die of plague in one week.

Historia Brittonum
The earliest surviving reference to Partholón is in the Historia Brittonum, a 9th-century British Latin compilation attributed to Nennius. It says that Ireland was settled three times by three different groups, with 'Partholomus' arriving first from Iberia with a thousand followers who multiplied until they numbered four thousand, before dying of plague in a single week.

Lebor Gabála Érenn
The Lebor Gabála Érenn, an 11th-century Christian pseudo-history of Ireland, says that Ireland was settled six times, with Partholón and his followers being the second group. The number may have been chosen to match the "Six Ages of the World". According to the Lebor Gabála, Ireland was uninhabited following the deaths of Cessair and her companions in the Flood. It says that Partholón came from Greece and was the son of Sera, son of Sru, who was himself a descendant of Magog, son of Japheth, who was the son of Noah. Partholón and his people sail to Ireland via Sicily and Iberia, arriving 300 or 312 years after the flood and landing at Inber Scéne (Kenmare in County Kerry). With Partholón were his wife (Delgnat), their three sons (Slanga, Rudraige and Laiglinne), the sons' wives (Nerba, Cichba and Cerbnad), and a thousand followers.

Partholón and all of his people—five thousand men and four thousand women—died of the plague in a single week, on Senmag (the "old plain"), near modern Tallaght.

Foras Feasa ar Érinn
Seathrún Céitinn's 17th-century compilation Foras Feasa ar Érinn says they arrived in 2061 BC. It claims that Partholón was the son of Sera, the king of Greece, and fled his homeland after murdering his father and mother. He lost his left eye in the attack on his parents. He and his followers set off from Greece, sailed via Sicily and arrived in Ireland from the west, having traveled for two and a half months.

According to Céitinn, at the time of Partholón's arrival, Ireland consisted of one open plain, three lakes and nine rivers. Partholóin cleared four more plains, and seven more lakes burst from the ground. Named figures are credited with having introduced cattle husbandry, ploughing, cooking, dwellings, trade and dividing the island into four parts. Partholon divides Ireland into four parts for his four sons named Er, Orba, Fearon, and Feargna.

In Céitinn's version of the story, at the Battle of Mag Itha, the first battle fought in Ireland, the Partholóin battled and defeated the Fomorians, who were led by Cichol Gricenchos.

A poem in the Lebor Gabála, expanded by Céitinn, tells how Partholón and his wife, Delgnat, lived on a small island near the head of the estuary of the River Erne. Once, while Partholón was out touring his domain, Delgnat seduced a servant named Topa. Afterward, they drank from Partholón's ale, which could only be accessed through a golden tube. Partholón discovered the affair when he drank his ale and recognized the taste of Delgnat's and Topa's mouths on the tube. In anger, he killed Delgnat's dog and Topa. But Delgnat was unrepentant and insisted that Partholón was to blame, as leaving them alone together was like leaving honey before a woman, milk before a cat, edged tools before a craftsman, or meat before a child, and expecting them not to take advantage. This is recorded as the first case of adultery and the first jealousy in Ireland. The island in question was named Inis Saimera after Saimer, Delgnat's dog.

Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Four Masters says they arrived in 2520 Anno Mundi (after the "creation of the world"). This work states that the plague came 300 years after their arrival, in May, and that one man survived: Tuan, son of Partholón's brother Starn. Known as a legendary seer, Tuan was said to be a storehouse of knowledge of Irish history because he lived across the generations in different incarnations. Through a series of animal transformations, he survived through the centuries to be reborn as the son of a chieftain named Cairell in the time of Colm Cille (6th century AD). He remembered all he had seen, and thus preserved Partholón's story.

title: Partholón


text:
Talk:Diva

First usage
As far as I know the word DIVA was first used for MAria Callas after her firts performance of the aria 'Casta Dive' in Bellini's opera 'Norma'. She was truely divine. small> —Preceding unsigned comment added by Politi (talk • contribs) 19:32, 11 June 2006 You're an idiot if you think the word was made just for Maria Callas. He didn't say it was 'made' for Callas. You can't read, and that makes YOU the idiot. It was first use for Maria Callas, that is quite correct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.101.17.12 (talk) 17:07, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

German Wikipedia article is something different. Why? First diva was Maria Malibran (1808–1836, „La Malibran“) and diva is derived from latin divus. Sarah Bernardt was called a diva — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.134.56.165 (talk) 06:42, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

'Diva' as an insult
The word "diva" is often used as an insult to describe performers (actors, singers, or any other such entertainers) who, often after an initial success, begin to hold a high opinion of themselves--expecting special treatment, etc...

Example: Jamie Fox has often been described as a "Diva" due to his behavior after his oscar win as seen on the set of miami vice and exemplified by his traveling with an entourage.

I think a section should be added to this article covering this usage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.121.167.87 (talk • contribs) 23:22, 5 August 2006

 * How is that an insult? Boipussi 11:56, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * To me this sounds like another improper appropriation of vocabulary by American media. See usage of 'literally', 'begging the question', 'irregardless' &c. It should not be added to the wiki (at this point in time at least.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.81.8.4 (talk • contribs) 20:25, 24 December 2006
 * Gee, sounds like some UK English speaker is acting like a Diva. Got to love the arrogance and condescension - look at a population distribution of native English speakers, and surprise, surprise you'll see the majority of them are speaking American English. So not "improper appropriation" but language evolution. In a typical American dictionary, after the above definition is a second "a vain or undisciplined person who finds it difficult to work under direction or as part of a team" Since Wiki is supposedly a world-wide tool, it should reflect the predominant language's definition. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.51.66.153 (talk) 10:52, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Oh, great, now we have thick ignorant nasty anti-UK racism ... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.101.17.12 (talk) 17:08, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Actually, the word "Diva" is an insult in Sweden. I'm looking at that in Nationalencyklopedin (the biggest encyklopedia in Sweden) right now.83.176.233.64 17:46, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Dames
Shouldn't it be Dame Joan Sutherland to match the other Dames in the list??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.187.67.114 (talk • contribs) 15:43, 9 January 2007

 * You bet my friend! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.216.210.200 (talk • contribs) 19:19, 4 May 2007

No it's a musical term. Let's keep it as that! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.67.29.250 (talk) 17:33, 1 September 2011 (UTC) How is that remotely relevant? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.101.17.12 (talk) 17:09, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

Categories
Should this article belong to the "Divas" category? --Jerome Potts 09:03, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Modern versus traditional context?
The word Diva has been used in an operatic context for at least a couple of hundred years, with it's more modern usage (in my experience) as some feminine synonym of 'hustla' or whatnot being only fairly recent. So should this article really begin with the sentence "A diva is a female version of a hustla"? The first non-opera reference that I can remember is Annie Lennox's album Diva from the early 1990s, and then it was applied to Whitney Houston after The Bodyguard and it's soundtrack's success; only very recently (as in since the turn of the millennium, as far as I can tell without actually searching) has it been applied to the hip-hop genera in any way, which I suppose would allow it to be the synonym to 'hustla.' (Yes, Will's mother and her sisters on "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" called each other Divas, but I don't think that they meant to call each other 'hustla!')

Modern information is required in the wiki, of that I am certain. However, in just the few minutes that I just took looking through online dictionaries, the term Diva is not a synonym for 'hustla.' Only once could I find it referring to anything other than a singer, and I think that needs to be clearly stated.

the infamous rmx (talk) 20:37, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Diva


text:
Talk:Tampon

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 June 2020 and 21 August 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kkellohen, Amanukyan UCSF, Adjlopez, Mkardouh.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:41, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Global Poverty and Practice
— Assignment last updated by Aksgpp3131 (talk) 07:15, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

The tampon incident?
There was a video called the Gojo figure incident. It shows a girl with her Gojo (from Jujutsu Kaisen) figure, at the start she wringed the tampon overtop of the figure's head, then hanging the tampon over figure's extended arm. It was uploaded on TikTok until it was removed and reuploaded on Twitter/X. Here's the link I found https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/gojo-figure-incident

Should we add this to the article? OnionBoy779 (talk) 12:42, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tampon


text:
Ida S. Scudder

Ida Sophia Scudder (December 9, 1870 – May 24, 1960) was a third-generation American medical missionary in India. She sought to improve the plight of Indian women by fighting against bubonic plague, cholera and leprosy. In 1918, she started a teaching hospitals, the Christian Medical College & Hospital, in Vellore, India.

Early life
Ida was born to John Scudder and Sophia (née Weld), part of a line of medical missionaries that started with her grandfather, John Scudder Sr. They were members of the Reformed Church in America. Growing up as a child in India, she witnessed famine, poverty and disease. She was invited by Dwight Moody to study at his Northfield Seminary in Massachusetts, where she earned a reputation for pranks. In 1890, she returned to India to help her father when her mother was ailing at the mission bungalow at Tindivanam in the Madras Province. During her stay, she witnessed three women die in childbirth in one night and resolved to go into medicine.

Scudder graduated from Cornell Medical College, New York City in 1899, as part of the first class that accepted women as medical students. She then headed back to India and started a tiny medical dispensary and clinic for women at Vellore, 75 miles from Madras. Her father died in 1900, soon after she arrived in India. In two years, she treated 5,000 patients.

Christian Medical College, Vellore
Scudder opened the Mary Taber Schell Hospital in 1902. She decided to open a medical school for girls only and received 151 applications the first year (1918) and had to turn many away subsequently.

In 1928, ground was broken for the "Hillsite" medical school campus on 200 acres (0.8 km2) at Bagayam, Vellore. In 1928, Mahatma Gandhi visited the medical school. Scudder traveled a number of times to the United States to raise funds for the college and hospital. In 1945, the college was opened to men as well as women. In 2003 the Vellore Christian Medical Center was the largest Christian hospital in the world, with 2000 beds, and its medical school is now one of the premier medical colleges in India. In 2023, the center was ranked number 3 college by the National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF).

The Center was later headed by Scudder's niece, Ida Belle Scudder and fellow medical missionary Paul Brand worked there for a time.

Last years
In 1952, Scudder received the Elizabeth Blackwell Citation from the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, as one of 1952's five outstanding women doctors.

She died on May 23, 1960 at her bungalow.

In 1960, Rajendra Prasad, then President of India, hailed Scudder as a “great lady, whose dedication and planned working are exemplary”.

Legacy

 * The Ida Scudder School in Viruthampet, Vellore, is named in her honour
 * In 2019, the American Heritage Girls announced that she would be replacing Lewis and Clark as the Explorer Level Award namesake in their 2020 Handbook
 * A commemorative stamp was released by the Department of Posts on August 12, 2000, as part of the centenary celebrations of the Christian Medical College. The First-day cover portrays Dr Ida Scudder

Biographies

 * Graves Dan (2005) Glimpses, issue #113, Christian History Institute, retrieved 9/8/2007 Ida Scudder, A Woman Who Changed Her Mind
 * Legacy and Challenge: The Story of Dr. Ida B. Scudder, published by the Scudder Association
 * Ida S. Scudder of Vellore: The Life Story of Ida Sophia Scudder by Dr. M. Pauline Jeffery, Wesley Press 1951
 * With: Ida S. Scudder and her gleam : memorial supplement, 1960–1961, by M. Pauline Jeffery. Vellore : Christian Medical College of Vellore, 1961
 * Dr. Ida by Dorothy Clarke Wilson 1959
 * The Doctor Who Never Gave Up by Carolyn Scott 1975
 * A Thousand Years In Thy Sight by Dorothy Jealous Scudder (1984) Chapters 25-27
 * Ida Scudder: Healing Bodies Touching Hearts by Janet Benge and Geoff Benge 2003
 * Dr. Ida Skudder by Veena Gavhankar, Raj Hans Prakashan, 1983 Marathi.

Other sources

 * From Mission to Church: The Reformed Church in America Mission to India By Eugene P. Heideman, Published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001, ISBN 0-8028-4900-8, ISBN 978-0-8028-4900-7, 512 pages.

title: Ida S. Scudder


text:
Wyoming Department of Corrections

The Wyoming Department of Corrections (WDOC) is a state agency of Wyoming that operates adult correctional facilities. It is headquartered in Suite 100 of the 1934 Wyott Drive building in Cheyenne.

History
Wyoming entered the Union in 1890. As a territory, inmates were held at the Wyoming Territorial Prison at Laramie. Work began for a state prison at Rawlins in 1888, but the facility did not open until 1901. The building had 104 cells and housed both male and female inmates. In 1909, female inmates were transported to Colorado to serve their sentences. In 1950 an additional wing was added that featured running water and solitary confinement cells. This jail was in use until 1980. when the present state penitentiary was built.

In 1912, a riot resulted in the escape of twenty-seven inmates and the death of one local man.

A gas chamber was added in 1936. Five men were killed there. The original cell block gained running water in 1978.

In November 1990 Wyoming voters approved a constitutional amendment that abolished the Wyoming State Board of Charities and Reform. The institutions of the former state agency were divided and given to other agencies; the Department of Corrections, created in 1991, took responsibility of the adult correctional facilities and also absorbed the adult parole functions of the Wyoming Department of Probation and Parole.

The system is overcrowded. Starting in 2019, it has leased prison beds from a private facility in Mississippi. Female prisoners are housed in county jails or one of the state's male prisons because of lack of capacity. Average staff turnover in recent years has been about 23%. The state has cut 180 staff positions from the system since 2011.

Facilities
Institutions include:

 * Wyoming State Penitentiary (Rawlins)
 * Wyoming Women's Center (Lusk; inmate capacity 261)
 * Wyoming Honor Farm (Riverton; inmate capacity 283)
 * Wyoming Honor Conservation Camp & Boot Camp (Newcastle; combined inmate capacity 261)
 * Wyoming Medium Correctional Institution (Torrington)
 * The grand opening and ribbon cutting occurred on January 6, 2010. It serves as an intake center for men who are not sentenced to death.

Fallen officers
Since the establishment of the Wyoming Department of Corrections, three officers have died in the line of duty.

title: Wyoming Department of Corrections


text:
Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group

The Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group was awarded between 1991 and 2011, alongside the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. Previously a single award was presented for Best Rap Performance.

The award was discontinued in 2012. All solo and duo/group rap performances have since been shifted to the revived Best Rap Performance category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for music released from October a year and a half prior to September the previous year.

Category facts
The Black Eyed Peas, Kanye West, OutKast, P. Diddy, Dr. Dre, Jay-Z, Eminem and Krayzie Bone - 2 wins
 * Most wins in this category:

 * Most Nominations in this category:
 * 1. Dr. Dre - 8 nominations
 * 2. P. Diddy, Jay-Z, Big Boi - 7 nominations
 * 3. Kanye West, Andre 3000 - 6 nominations
 * 4. OutKast, Beastie Boys - 5 nominations
 * 5. Ludacris, Eminem, Snoop Dogg - 4 nominations
 * 6. Naughty By Nature, Young Jeezy, Cypress Hill, T.I. - 3 nominations


text:
DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince

DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince were an American hip hop duo from West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, consisting of rapper Will Smith (the Fresh Prince) and turntablist Jeff Townes (DJ Jazzy Jeff). Active full time from 1986 to 1994 and occasionally thereafter, the duo became just the third rap group in recording history to receive platinum certification, after Run-DMC and the Beastie Boys. The group received the first Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance in 1989 for "Parents Just Don't Understand" (1988), though their most successful single was "Summertime" (1991), which earned the group their second Grammy and peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. Will Smith and Jeff Townes have remained close friends and claim they never split up, having made songs together under Smith's solo performer credit. DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince have sold over 5.5 million albums in the US. Their latest performance dates back to November 2023.

1985–1988: early years and Rock the House
Jeff Townes was introduced to Will Smith at a house party Townes during a performance in 1985, and Smith ended up filling in for his missing hype man. They both felt a strong chemistry, and Townes was disappointed when his hype man finally made it to the party.

Soon after, the two decided to join forces. Smith enlisted a friend, Ready Rock C, to join as the beatboxer of the group. He was not officially credited to the duo, only as a support live member. In 1986, Philadelphia-based Word Records (later changed to Word-Up Records) released their first single "Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble", which sampled the theme song of I Dream of Jeannie. Smith became known for light-hearted story-telling and profanity-free "battle" rhymes. The single became a hit a month before Smith graduated from high school.

Based on this success, the duo was brought to the attention of Jive Records and Russell Simmons. The duo's first album, Rock the House was released on Word Up in 1986 and rereleased on Jive in March 1987. The album sold approximately 300,000 units. That same year, the band embarked on its first major tour with Run DMC and Public Enemy.

1988–1989: He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper
Their 1988 follow-up album, He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper, made them multi-platinum stars. Mostly recorded in the United Kingdom, the album was a double-vinyl LP release; it was also issued as a single cassette and CD. "Parents Just Don't Understand", the lead-off single, made them MTV household names and also gained the honor of the first Grammy for a hip hop/rap song, which was met with criticism. Nevertheless, the single was a success, launching the group into even more mainstream stardom. The video showed Prince's misadventures of trying to get around his parents' strict rules in a very comical way, much like their first single "Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble". It gained considerable airplay on TV channels such as MTV, giving the group much attention. The song was played in an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air ("Someday Your Prince Will Be In Effect (Part 1)"), and referenced in two other episodes of the same series ("The Fresh Prince Project" and "Not With My Pig, You Don't").

Another single, "A Nightmare on My Street", showcased a fictional confrontation with A Nightmare on Elm Street villain Freddy Krueger. The record's release coincided with A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master, which caused legal threats from the movie's distributor New Line Cinema. In response, the corresponding music video was pulled from release and a legal disclaimer was included on later pressings of He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper denying affiliation with the film. The video was released by Jazzy Jeff in 2018.

Jeff reveals on track 19 of Skillz's Infamous Quotes mixtape that New Line Cinema approached Will & Jeff for a role in the movie House Party, which they turned down. The last single, track 3 from He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper, was "Brand New Funk", which sampled and quoted the James Brown funk song "My Thang". In narrative of the song, the Fresh Prince explains how Jeff has brought in a tape described to be startlingly good, which the Fresh Prince raps to, and how much people enjoyed it at the first performance. The song was well received by many hip hop fans due to its funk sound, lyrical spins, and the fact that it showed off more of the skills of Jazzy Jeff. The video was shot in black and white, showed live performance clips from a concert and featured 2 Damn Hype Dancing.

1989–1990: And in This Corner...
The group's third LP, And in This Corner..., was released in 1989. The album was a commercial success, selling over half a million copies and reaching Gold certification by the RIAA, although at this point the duo had decreased in popularity. The crossover style of the group was causing their fanbase to decline, as their initial audience felt they had become too accessible; non-crossover rap acts like Big Daddy Kane and Boogie Down Productions had bigger street followings; meanwhile, pop radio had latched on to new faces like Tone Loc and Young MC, while non-radio followers were more attracted to hardcore acts such as Ice-T and 2 Live Crew. The lead single, "I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson", was similar to their other lead singles. The track narrates the Fresh Prince claiming he could beat Mike Tyson in a boxing match, and after training, is beaten in the first round. The music video features cameos from Mike Tyson, Chris Rock and Don King.

The next single was "Jazzy's Groove", sampling "Nautilus" in the chorus and bridge. The song features much more of Jazzy Jeff, like in "Brand New Funk"; Jazzy Jeff gives a 'math lesson' by making the sound clips add 1+1, 2+1, and 2+2. Due to a self-admitted spendthrift attitude, Smith felt he had nothing to lose when a producer from NBC and Quincy Jones approached him with an idea for a sitcom, with Townes appearing as a recurring character, named "Jazz". A popular running gag would have Uncle Phil (James Avery) throwing Jazz out of the house; however, this action is not restricted to Uncle Phil, as other characters, even Will himself, have thrown him out in the same manner. Another trademark on the show involved Jazz and Will greeting each other by slapping each other's hand, then swinging back in opposite directions while saying "Pssh!" The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air boosted his profile and his pocketbook. But Smith ended up squandering almost US$2.8m, while failing to pay any of it to the Internal Revenue Service in income taxation. Soon after And in This Corner... was released, Smith was found guilty of income-tax evasion by the IRS, and sentenced to pay this all back. For the first three seasons of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Smith had 25% of his paycheck subjected to IRS garnishment.

In 1990, Ready Rock C decided not to continue as support. He later sued the duo alleging breach of contract, but lost in court.

1991–1994: Homebase, Code Red and split
Still having a bit of extra money from starring in the successful sitcom, the duo decided to stage a comeback album in 1991, Homebase. The platinum album featured a more mature sound from the group, with Smith rapping in a deeper, consistent voice and changed their sound to fit the era's trend of hip-hop. Homebase featured the lead-off single "Summertime", which added rap lyrics to the music of the Kool & the Gang instrumental "Summer Madness" and has become one of their most enduring hits. The couple is seen being driven about while perched on a car in the film, which includes scenes from a family gathering in Philadelphia. The pair won their second Grammy for Summertime. "Ring My Bell" and "Things That U Do" were the ensuing singles. Both songs have the typical early 1990s' sound. A different rendition of each song from the one on the LP was featured in the videos.

The final single for the release was "You Saw My Blinker", a song about an old lady that crashed into Prince's new car and his anger at the events that happened thereafter. This is the first (and one of the only) songs where Smith curses, saying the word 'bitch' (To the left lane I tried to switch, then, you saw my blinker, bitch). Prince's voice is a bit deeper than usual, to make it sound like he's agitated, similar to "Then She Bit Me" from And in This Corner... This song reached No. 20 Billboard Hot 100 and No. 22 Hot R&B/Hip Hop singles. In 1992 for the Barcelona Olympic Games the duo released the song "Higher Baby" as part of the compilation album Barcelona Gold.

Code Red, their last studio LP as a duo, was released in 1993, reaching gold sales. This LP featured a self-admitted harder sound than their other songs, with Jazzy Jeff saying "We wanted to take a new direction. It wasn't that we were concentrating on harder, it was just different", featuring more jazz and soul samples than previous releases. The lead single "Boom! Shake the Room" reached No. 1 in UK, Ireland, Spain and Australia, and featured a harder sound than any of their other songs. Other singles were "I'm Looking For the One (To Be With Me)", which is similar to "Summertime", and "I Wanna Rock", which showed off more of Jazzy Jeff's DJ skills. Shortly afterward, Smith began to pursue acting full-time and the duo split. He and Townes ended up being sued by Jive, who alleged that the duo was still under contract to create more albums.

Occasional appearances
In 1998 the label released the compilation Greatest Hits with the hits and two previously unreleased songs. Years later, Will and Jazzy performed together sometimes in parties for close friends or selected events, but never announced a return as was credited as "DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince". In 2005, Smith and Townes performed together at the Philadelphia leg of Live 8. They performed in Croatia on August 26, 2017, Blackpool on August 27, and in Smith's 51st birthday on September 25, 2019. On November 8, 2023, DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince performed at the YouTube Theater in Inglewood California for “ A Grammy salute to 50 Years of Hip-Hop”

Discography

 * Rock the House (1987)
 * He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)
 * And in This Corner... (1989)
 * Homebase (1991)
 * Code Red (1993)

American Music Awards

 * rowspan="2"|1989
 * DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
 * Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
 * Won
 * He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper
 * Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album
 * Won
 * rowspan="3"|1992
 * rowspan="2"|DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
 * Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group
 * Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
 * Homebase
 * Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album
 * Won
 * }
 * Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
 * Homebase
 * Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album
 * Won
 * }
 * Won
 * }

Grammy Awards

 * 1989
 * "Parents Just Don't Understand"
 * Best Rap Performance
 * Won
 * 1990
 * "I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson"
 * Best Rap Performance
 * 1991
 * "And in This Corner..."
 * Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
 * 1992
 * "Summertime"
 * Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
 * Won
 * }
 * 1992
 * "Summertime"
 * Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
 * Won
 * }
 * }

MTV Video Music Awards

 * rowspan="3"|1989
 * rowspan="3"|"Parents Just Don't Understand"
 * Best Rap Video
 * Won
 * Best Direction
 * Best Art Direction
 * 1991
 * "Summertime"
 * Best Rap Video
 * }
 * 1991
 * "Summertime"
 * Best Rap Video
 * }
 * Best Rap Video
 * }
 * }

Soul Train Music Awards

 * 1989
 * He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper
 * Best Rap Album
 * Won
 * }
 * }

title: DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince