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Talk:Quicksilver (Marvel Comics)

Name
It seems pretty silly to name this page Pietro Maximoff, which is not how anyone thinks of this character. It should get moved to Quicksilver (comics) or something like that. mhr
 * I moved the page from Pietro Maximoff to Quicksilver (comics). -mhr 02:26, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I removed info from the page, which seems way too detailed for an encyopedic entry on a fictional character, and also seems suspiciously like something lifted directly from a volume of Marvel Universe or something (and therefore a copyright violation). -mhr 02:30, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Personal History
The page says hi guys nothing about his personal history (not including the evo version). Does anyone who knows a lot about him want to add anything? DrBat 18:51, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

I'm editing the portions of the page that state that his speed is 175 mph, as he has broken the sound barrier several times. If you dispute this check the Marvel.com official website, and this happens in several Avengers issues. Thanos2099

Terrigen powers in Son of M
I took the end of Son of M to indicate that Quicksilver sees his place in the future, having those Terrigen powers, not that he has them now. This is opposite what is said in the article currently. --Chris Griswold 17:38, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

I interpreted the end to be this: Quicksilver bathes himself in the mists for weeks. As a result, the crystals even become a part of his own physiology. Because of this prolonged exposure, he is able to jump incredibly far in the future, and he sees some sort of terrible destruction that further unhinges his mind. Moreover, as a by-product he now has the ability to restore the power of mutants, as in the case of the man on the street (who was actually the mutant known as Reaver) at the end of the story.

That's my reading of it, anyway. Anyone else have any ideas? - Bhissong 20:40, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd say that he can now induce Terrengenisis (or however it's spelt) in other people, whether there mutants or not, just like the crystals. As to if he fully restores people's powers or the same thing happens as in the SoM miniseries, that has yet to be seen. I personally think that he jumped to the end of Civil War (comics), and that what he saw (which may have included himself) damaged his mind further. Heck, he may have even seen his death. Which brings up the issue of if he really is time traveling, or just some facsimily, as in the Marvel Universe time travel creates alterate dimentions. JQF 00:24, 7 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I am interested to see whether Quicksilver with the powers is from now or from the future. --Chris Griswold 07:17, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Bhissong is correct. And he can't jump backwards CG, only forwards and only temporarily. - SoM 03:14, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Right...I didn't say he could. What I am saying is that Quicksilver talks about seeing his place in the future, and then it shows him in that future time. I took that to mean we were seeing what he was: a future version of himself. --Chris Griswold 03:33, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

88.218.25.207 01:55, 24 April 2007 (UTC) quicksilver does not come back at the excact same place that he left, he comes back at the place we was while in the future (as explaned in son of m 2). I corrected the powers page.

 * The explanation he gives in Silent War is clear : there's an unseen scene in Son of M that we learn about in Silent War. After his weeks of exposure to the terrigen mists, he took the remains of the crystals and put them in the flesh of his chest, thus getting the ability to to induce Terrengenesis through touch. That means the "powers and abilities" section is wrong : the crystals don't "grow out of his body", the bits we see are the ones he put there himself. I'm editing it.

Another thing : he states clearly that the future he can jump towards is the one that WILL happen, one that cannot be changed whatever one does. He tried to alter it, but always failed. 89.80.129.107 (talk) 11:34, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

About the "this document uses the past tense. ..."
How does using present tense consistently more clearly differentiate between the past and the present-tense sections of a biographical document? I consider this to be counter-intuitive. If one finds oneself referring to the past here and then the present and then the past, even moreso. I look at the statement at the top of the main (bio) page and think that things have been dropped unside ip. Schissel | Sound the Note! 01:47, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * This isn't the place to take up that issue. It's Wikipedia policy. You need to look up the discussion and article concerning the policy. Doczilla 21:37, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Small Tidy-up
I've tidied up some of the newly added PH, most notably by leading with dates and using present tense. Culled an image as presentation-wise it was too much, and trimmed a few sentences with some POV, unnecessary tidbits and no sources.

Asgardian 09:00, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Powers
Asgardian and anonymous: Rather than endlessly reverting back and forth on this, how about a compromise? Since Quicksilver is generally well-known for his original superspeed power, why not include that in the infobox with the precursor "Formerly:"? --GentlemanGhost 01:24, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

In his most recent appearance, X-Factor: The Quick and the Dead, Quicksilver seems to get his powers of speed back. It seems likely that this will be a permanent change, reverting him back to the speedster we all know and love. In light of this, should his infobox still state his 'former' abilities of time-travel, etc? These were temporary abilities he had for a very short time, and it seems misleading to keep them in the main infobox.Primal Zed (talk) 14:45, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe cites Quicksilver as moving at 175mph, nothing like the speed of sound figure showin here. Is there a proper source for his moving at Mach 1? I've had an edit mentioning this reverted, not quite sure why.Nickpheas (talk) 10:44, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

Corrections
That makes sense. All depowered mutants on wikipedia have a description of the powers they had. Just because he has new powers doesn't make his decades of fictional history irrelevant.

Also, how does vibrating molecules get you time duplicates? Or get you back from the future? Isn't he just time traveling? Where's the citation on that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.107.156.215 (talk) 00:01, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Literature
Quicksilver is a character of literature. His timeline is not nearly as important as the cultural impact of the literature of his appearances as a whole. Therefore, if you are arguing that everything except his most "recent appearances" is irrelevant, you seem to be confusing him with a real person (and even real people have history in their entries). Quicksilver has appeared in hundreds of comics using superspeed powers. That is relevant. It's what he is known for and what his name describes. Deleting a few sentences about the character's historical description (while other characters currently depowered -- Magneto, for instance, or Protigy -- retain desciptions of their historical character) is dubious, at best, and most likely clearly incorrect. The total impact of Quicksilver as a character in comic literature is decades as a speedster mutant, and not whatever happened to him over the last months. If anything should be shortened, therefore, it is the current status that may, in the end, be a blip in the character's total history. So stop deleting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.0.196.186 (talk) 18:20, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
 * That is all complete rubbish. Quicksilver is not a speed character anymore.  He has lost that power, and the whole point of this site is to keep things up to date with what is CURRENT, and since he is no longer a speedster, it makes absolutely zero sense to keep talking about him as if he still is one.  And it is also completely unneeded to continue to go into detail about his powers as if he still has them when they no longer exist.  You also have no reason to say that what is currently going on will be nothing but a "blip" because you have no proof of that.  So until he either gets his speed powers back or gets new ones, then it is you who needs to stop changing the article to stuff that is no longer relevant.68.34.51.231 19:50, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Terms like "rubbish" is, perhaps, your replacement for reason? It doesn't overrule the major cultural impact of a the character if, say, Sherlock Holmes was once written early on as a user of cocaine, or if he was written late to be a crossdresser. Those might be interesting sidenotes but, as a character of literature, it's his total impact as a solver of mysteries that is most relevant, without regard to what came last. You would not delete his mystery solving because his last appearance is "most current" and, similarly, the orignal creater of Quicksilver, who is not the one constantly adapting him, made Quicksilver relevent by Wikipedia standards before the period you appear to be obsessing over. Your "what is CURRENT" is your obsession, not Wikipedias. Continue to delete that, as a comic character, Quicksilver is know as a speedster, and it will be replaced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.0.196.186 (talk) 00:11, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Also, I don't see you deleting every scrap of information on Magneto's powers, because he has "most currently" become powerless in the comics. Remember, what is current must overshadow all, correct? Contradicting much?
 * You do not run wikipedia. You have zero right in saying what can and cannot be put up on the pages.  I, however, am going by every other thing that I have seen done by people who have actual clout around here.  Putting things up in their most current status is the normal practice of what to do.  For example, Chamber and Jubilee have always been known through their Generation X appearences, and her much longer before, especially her cartoon appearance, but recently they went through major overhauls, and their pages changed accordingly.  Jubilee is even arguably a more recognizable character than Quicksilver, yet I don't see you forcing them to keep her and Chamber's pages like their most recognizable forms.  Contradicting much?  I do not change Magneto's page because his status is very clearly up in the air right now as to whether or not he is truly depowered, so there is no one way to say it, so it's left as is, which is how things are done around here.  Maybe when you realize this site isn't your own personal playground, you'll catch on.68.34.51.231 01:02, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Quicksilver's history is decades longer in literature than either Chamber or Jubilee. More importantly, you are not simply adding the most current, you are obsessing with deleting more of the past/most longstanding/most cultural impact information. Since your information is available in both versions, and your version deletes information, the personal playground label applies better to you.

Fair use rationale for Image:SonofM-2.jpg
Image:SonofM-2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:14, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Quicksilver.png
Image:Quicksilver.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 14:17, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

New image?
The current image for Quicksilver seems very outdated and not very detailed. Does anyone argue that the image should be replaced with something more modern and more detailed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.1.137.34 (talk) 19:52, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * It's a bad choice of image. I think I could get a better idea of Quicksilver's visual appearance by checking the article on Syndrome. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.178.141.62 (talk) 15:44, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

New miniseries
I added information about the new Quciksilver miniseries, taken from the marvel publishing catatlogue.90.241.50.99 (talk) 18:37, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Infobox image (Jun `08)
It looks like we need to revisit the infobox image since we've got more than a little back and forth on it.

Right now three options have been presented:

 * Image:Quicksilver.png
 * Image:Avengers-75.jpg
 * Image:Quicksilver avengers.jpg

Looking at WikiProject Comics/Style guidance, none of them is perfect.

Going down the guideline points:
 * 1) Fair use criteria:
 * 2) *In general, all three meet this. The covers could be knocked down to 300px across, which is relatively minor. The only major snag is that the cover of The Avengers #185 needs a full FUR.
 * 3) Needed elements:
 * 4) *Posture, facing, and inclusion of at least the head and torso.
 * 5) **Again, in general all three meet the first two points.
 * 6) *Contorted image.
 * 7) **The Avengers #75 does show a contorted Quicksilver. There are some ways this would work for a speedster, but this really isn't one of them.
 * 8) *Hidden elements/obscured images.
 * 9) **The Avengers #75 has a good chunk of the torso hidden.
 * 10) **The Avengers #185, due to the nature of the image, is a blurry representation of the character.
 * 11) *Coloring
 * 12) **Of the three, the PNG is the worst at representing the character's costume colors.
 * 13) Image focus/ additional elements.
 * 14) *Both of the covers have trouble here since Quicksilver isn't the sole, or primary focus of either.
 * 15) Iconic look:
 * 16) *Again, bearing the above in mind, all 3 meet this.

Looking at this, yes, the PNG most likely can be replaced, but the two covers aren't improvements.

Are there any other options?

- J Greb (talk) 22:06, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Some other ideas.
 * The cover for Quicksilver #1.
 * Art from Magneto Rex #3.
 * Art from New X-Men #132. --DrBat (talk) 22:48, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Of the 6, I'd say the one from New X-Men works best, but lets give Asgardian a chance to comment on this aspect. - J Greb (talk) 11:07, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I would cast my vote for the cover of Quicksilver #1, as it's a nice action shot that puts the character in context. A cover is always preferable to a photoedited shot from a panel as the white background makes the image look too clinical. It should also be a drawcard for the layman. Asgardian (talk) 06:48, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Except "the ideal image is a full-body, three-quarter picture of the character standing straight with no background." --DrBat (talk) 03:27, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Side question
If it isn't used in the 'box, what exactly is the cover of The Avengers #185 bringing to the article? It looks a heck of a lot like redundant decoration right now. - J Greb (talk) 22:12, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Not really. The Yesterday Quest set the twins on the path to their true origin as the children of Magneto. Very important storyline. I'm really busy right now, but will get back to this tomorrow.

Asgardian (talk) 06:29, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The story line is, yes, but is the image of the cover fundamental in a readers understanding of that? - J Greb (talk) 11:07, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I haera what you are saying, but that falls down on artistic merit and also spirit on intent - that is, promoting interest in the hobby. Many, many SHB images are covers. This is no biggie.

Asgardian (talk) 07:54, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * So, where are we on this folks?

Asgardian (talk) 06:11, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * My comment ("Except "the ideal image is a full-body, three-quarter picture of the character standing straight with no background.") was never replied to. --DrBat (talk) 22:16, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

 * No, it wasn't. That really does mean the article gets bounce back, or to no current image.
 * I can see Asgardian point about the Perez image. And looking at the site you reffing for Quicksilver 1, there is a good compromise, assuming we can find out where it was originally published - this one. It implies movement, uses the prevalent coloring, and is a full, uncontorted body shot. - J Greb (talk) 23:54, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * (Actually... back stepping the article at this is a good idea. - J Greb (talk) 23:56, 13 June 2008 (UTC))

 * That image is from the Busiek/Perez era on Avengers (vol. 3). I can find this issue. I've no objection that one either, so as long it isn't that horrid Martinez 3/4. We need his whole body on the cover or in the panel.

Asgardian (talk) 09:15, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm ok with that image too. --DrBat (talk) 15:27, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Tis' done.

Asgardian (talk) 09:26, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 17:19, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Done - it ticks all the boxes but I feel it doesn't contain enough out-of-universe material and it is that area that will need to be expanded for the article to progress further. (Emperor (talk) 20:02, 16 September 2008 (UTC))

Wolverine film
OK...

So we had an uncredited, blurry mutant teathered to a cell... Adding anything based on that to this article is speculation at best, original research at worst.

Please, find a reliable, verifiable, secondary source that identifies the character as Quicksilver before adding it back in.

- J Greb (talk) 18:52, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Given how this seems to be a "Force the fan spec in" issue, the page is going to be semi protected for a few days to give people a chance to actually find that reference.

- J Greb (talk) 19:39, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

IGN quote
'In 2006, IGN named Quicksilver #23 on their list of "The Top 25 X-Men Of All Time" commenting that "Quicksilver was the shining example of a villain turned good."'

Will people please, please stop changing this. It is a quote. Quote's just don't get edited because time passes. Adding 'at the time' is not necessary and shouldn't be put in; of course the description is of the character in an earlier incarnation, it is from 2006.

If IGN made a comment that Wolverine was the best X-Man of 2010, then the quote won't be changed as time passes or if he quit, because the quote was made 2010.

If that was the case, then all of the introductory quotes on Magneto's claiming that Magneto is a villain should be changed to 'at the time', because he is now an X-Man. An example:

'Sir Ian McKellen portrayed Magneto throughout the entire X-Men film series. He was, at the time, ranked number 1 by IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Villains list, was listed number 17 in Wizard's Top 100 Greatest Villains Ever list, and was ranked as the 9th Greatest Comic Book Character Ever in Wizard's list of the 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time, the second highest villain at the time on that list.'

But, do we do that? No, because the quote was made at the time of his villainy, and as such remain. If Quicksilver has become a 'villain' then it does not change the fact that in 2006 IGN classed him as the 'shining example of a villain turned good', which was correct at the time and the quote shouldn’t be edited. 195.194.150.129 (talk) 16:29, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Ultimate
Can 'someone' please stop removing all sourced and relevant detail in the Ultimate section? Every Ultimate Marvel character from Ultimate Nick Fury to Ultimate Captain America has a description of what part the character actually plays in the narrative. If you remove that, then what is the point of even having the section. Removing accurate, sourced, necessary information does not improve the article; it greatly hinders it. 195.194.150.129 (talk) 16:29, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * This is information is already at a gist. Putting in relevant information in is not 'fanish'. Go to any character's Ultimate section and I guaranty that it actually allows the reader to know what part the character played in the narrative. Just stating that the character is fast does not give people any information at all about the character. There is no reason why this cannot be in. If you have any problems with this, leave a detailed comment on this talk page, as opposed to reverting edits with pointless summaries. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.194.150.129 (talk) 09:29, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Zombie
'Quicksilver is eventually lured into a trap by the Earth-616 Machine Man and while destroyed[51] eventually returns.[52]'

This sentence is wrong. They are two completely different characters, however your sentence states that the same character later returns, however it is a completely different version of the character from another universe. This sentence is completely incorrect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.194.150.129 (talk) 09:24, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * 'Quicksilver is eventually lured into a trap by the Earth-616 Machine Man and while destroyed another alternate universe eventually appears'
 * Is an incredibly sloppy way of putting this, and gives absolutely no information. It is worded confusingly. He is destroyed but an alternate universe appears? What exactly is that supposed to mean? The information has not been 'corrected', it has been made even more confusing and wrong than the last edit. If all you are going to do is remove relevant information without giving any reason, then please stop editing.
 * I have given a variety of valid, appropriate reasons as to why this information is needed, but you seem completely unable to even form one reasonable sentence on this talk page as to why you keep deleting stuff. You are not improving this article. Stop reverting edits that contain necessary, sourced information and start commenting on this talk page. Explain yourself properly so that everyone can understand your stance. 195.194.150.129 (talk) 10:24, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Firstly, I'd suggest taking the emotion out of it. I'd also have a hard look at what you are reverting and you have removed legitimate sources. Now, I've expanded slightly on the zombies section, but that it all that is required. Again, we don't tell the story here. A brief and concise Plot Summary (without fannish overdetail) should be available at the article page for this series. That is where the information is expanded.

There is a more information in the Ultimate section, but once again, the real detail belongs at the various Ultimate pages.

Also, note that we just list the dates for a series from start to finish, not an entire choppy sequence of starts and stops that unfortunately was the Ultimates series. I was the editor that originally sourced and placed those dates, and now realize it is not the correct way to list the series.

Thank you. Asgardian (talk) 04:22, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Further to this, if you have any questions, just ask. All I'd say is just keep your tone neutral and be careful not to revert legitimate technical changes. Asgardian (talk) 04:40, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * There is no emotion in this text. At all. The tone could not be any more neutral, as all it does is plainly describe what part the character played in the narrative, which is important for readers. Wikipedia is about giving information. What sources have I removed? How much sourced information have you removed with little explaination?

 * The way you left it now is wrong. Ultimate Quicksilver is not dead. If he were, he would not have been able to kill Moira or Cyclops, would he? You keep just removing correct information and replacing it with stuff that is just plain wrong.

 * Alternate reality versions of characters get seperate sections. MZ Quicksilver is not the same as MZR Quicksilver, so a seperate section is needed.

 * Also, not including relevant character information and just saying 'oh, well the Ultimates articles contain more stuff' is wrong. If that was the case, then why bother describing anything that 616 Quicksilver does? Go to any character's Ultimate section, or any alternate version of the character for that matter. Will the section contain actual, correct information about the character? Yes, of course it will.

 * You keep saying that you are correcting details, but all you are doing is removing relevant, correct details and replacing them with vague, wrong details. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.194.150.129 (talk) 11:30, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * You are required to sign all posts. Thank you. Asgardian (talk) 20:47, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * That's more of a general guideline than requirement.
 * You did not address any of these points, which leads me to believe that you have no comeback.
 * Which means that you are removing relevant information for no reason.
 * Which is purposefully decreasing this article's quality.
 * Which is vandalism.
 * You are required not to vandalize Wikipedia's articles.195.194.150.129 (talk) 10:54, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually it is a requirement to sign all posts. It is also common courtesy. Your assumptions aside, you've removed accurate and sourced information that reflects the changes in the Ultimates storyline, without being fannish or colloquial. I would think that the death of Quicksilver's sibling and death of father which forces him into the same role as being very relevant and far from being vandalism. Also, that's all that is needed for the MZR section. Asgardian (talk) 13:05, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Can you explain why you made a blind revert and did not address the above? Asgardian (talk) 02:09, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Jewish?
Both Magneto and the Scarlet Witch are indexed under "Jewish Superheroes". Shouldn't Quicksilver be, as well? 38.111.35.2 (talk) 16:55, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Are they Jewish? I always had the impression that they were Roma. And after the Uncanny Avengers retcon, it's even more questionable.Nickpheas (talk) 12:13, 16 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Magneto is most definitely Jewish, yes. “ Writer Chris Claremont stated that Menachem Begin was an inspiration for Magneto's development, as David Ben-Gurion was for Professor X … Before the publication of X-Men: Magneto Testament, Magneto's personal background and history were invented[22] in Uncanny X-Men #150 (Aug. 1981). He was portrayed as a Jewish Holocaust survivor; while searching for his wife Magda, a Sinti, Magneto maintained a cover identity as a Sinti.[3] This created confusion among some readers as to Magneto's heritage,[23] until his Jewish background was confirmed in Magneto: Testament.[1][24]“ — from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto_(Marvel_Comics)#Publication_history

tharsaile (talk) 13:38, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

Moving the contents 'Powers and abilities' closer to the top. (probably better as a meta)
Said section is #3 in the contents, but #1&2 are so long that it appears halfway down the page. I've never heard of the character until I saw the recent theatrical x-men clip; preceding said section, little mention of the high magnitude of his abilities are given beyond the over-simplified notion of 'extreme speed'. In the case of the X-men, each character is largely defined by a single ability that should be a part of their relative introductions. One should either move the powers above the large blocks of vague-context history, or expand the introduction to greater explain what seems to be one of the most powerful characters in comics, despite their seemingly trivial role in the flexy rainbow they call their 'multiverse'.

 * ED** I've surfed the articles of his siblings, and they suffer from the same issue. [In fact, [Polaris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris_(comics)) has her 'unique powers' description 3/4ths of the way down.  From what I've seen, 'comics' seem to follow the same template, so its' very likely this may very well be a mata-issue deserving of rephrasing beyond this specific article; i just don't know where to C&P this comment.

 Ghos t wo  09:27, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

Avenger vs X-men
is Quicksilver part of the X-Men copyright? given his appearance in both movie and the copyright associated... who owns his character? can we have some legal information on him? 116.88.128.63 (talk) 03:17, 1 November 2015 (UTC)

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Return of the Quicksilver
I think it should be Pietro Maximoff because it is his real name — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kravenger (talk • contribs) 03:26, 19 June 2019 (UTC)
 * He's had about four different 'real' names while maintaining the same superhero name for over 55 years. What will people actually search for?Nickpheas (talk) 15:59, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

Serbian?
Is there a source for his being Serbian? As far as I can remember he was generally said to be from a made up Balkan microstate. Transia or something like that?Nickpheas (talk) 18:20, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

Mutate
The infobox refers to him as a "human mutate", but the page does not refer to this term anywhere else, and nor is there a citation for this distinction between "human mutant" and "human mutate." I'm going to remove this term in the hope that someone will restore it with a citation. Airbornemihir (talk) 02:29, 11 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Done. Airbornemihir (talk) 02:30, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

Image deletion nomination(s)
One or more images currently used in this article have been nominated for deletion as violations of the non-free content criteria (NFCC).

You can read more about what this means and why these files are being nominated for deletion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics.

You can participate at the deletion discussion(s) at Files for discussion/2020 April 28. If you are not familiar with NFCC-related deletion discussions, I recommend reading the post linked above first.

Sincerely, The Squirrel Conspiracy (talk) 22:06, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:PietroMaximoff-MCU.png
File:PietroMaximoff-MCU.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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-- Marchjuly (talk) 21:46, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Peter Maximoff.jpg
File:Peter Maximoff.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a non-free use rationale. Using one of the templates at Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

-- Marchjuly (talk) 22:39, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quicksilver (Marvel Comics)


text:
Sandra Oh

Sandra Miju Oh (born July 20, 1971 ) is a Canadian and American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Rita Wu in the HBO comedy series Arliss (1996–2002), Dr. Cristina Yang in the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy (2005–2014), and Eve Polastri in the BBC America spy thriller series Killing Eve (2018–2022). She has received two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2019, Time magazine named Oh one of the 100 most influential people in the world.

Oh first gained recognition for her roles in the Canadian films Double Happiness (1994) and The Diary of Evelyn Lau (1994). Her later television credits include Judging Amy and American Crime, as well as voice roles on American Dad!, American Dragon: Jake Long, The Proud Family, Phineas and Ferb, Chop Socky Chooks, She-Ra and the Princesses of Power, and Invincible. In 2021, she played the lead role in the Netflix comedy drama series The Chair and was also one of the executive producers of the series. She has had notable supporting and leading performances in films such as Bean (1997), Last Night (1998), The Princess Diaries (2001), Long Life, Happiness & Prosperity (2002), Under the Tuscan Sun (2003), Sideways (2004), Wilby Wonderful (2004), Hard Candy (2005), Rabbit Hole (2010), Tammy (2014), Catfight (2016), and Meditation Park (2017), as well as voice roles in Mulan II (2004), The Land Before Time XIII: The Wisdom of Friends (2007), Over the Moon (2020), Raya and the Last Dragon (2021) and Turning Red (2022).

Oh won two Genie Awards for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for Double Happiness and Last Night and she won a Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series for The Diary of Evelyn Lau. She hosted the 28th Genie Awards in 2008, and became the first woman of Asian descent to host the Golden Globe Awards at the 76th ceremony in 2019. In March 2019, she became the first Asian-Canadian woman to host Saturday Night Live, and was the third actress of Asian descent to do so, after Lucy Liu in 2000 and Awkwafina in 2018. She was also the first actress of Asian descent to be nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and the first woman of Asian descent to win two Golden Globes.

Early life
Sandra Miju Oh was born in Nepean, Ontario, on July 20, 1971, the daughter of middle-class South Korean immigrants Oh Young-nam, a biochemist, and Oh Jun-su (John), a businessperson. Her parents had moved to the area in the early 1960s. She has a brother, Ray, and a sister, Grace, and grew up in a Christian household, living on Camwood Crescent in Nepean, where she began acting and practicing ballet at age four to correct her pigeon-toed stance. Growing up, Oh was one of the few youths of Asian descent in Nepean.

At age ten, Oh played The Wizard of Woe in a class musical called The Canada Goose. Later, at Sir Robert Borden High School, she founded the environmental club BASE (Borden Active Students for the Environment), leading a campaign against the use of styrofoam cups. While in high school, she was elected student council president. She also played the flute and continued both her ballet training and acting studies, though she knew that she "was not good enough to be a professional dancer" and eventually focused on acting. She took drama classes, acted in school plays, and joined the drama club, where she took part in the Canadian Improv Games and Skit Row High, a comedy group. Against her parents' advice, she rejected a four-year journalism scholarship to Carleton University to study drama at the National Theatre School of Canada in Montreal, paying her own way.

Oh told her parents that she would try acting for a few years, and promised to return to university if it failed. Reflecting on forgoing university, she has said that she is "the only person in [her] family who doesn't have a master's in something". Soon after graduating from the National Theatre School in 1993, she starred in a stage production of David Mamet's Oleanna in London, Ontario. Around the same time, she won roles in biographical television films of two significant female Chinese-Canadians: as Vancouver author Evelyn Lau in The Diary of Evelyn Lau, where she won the role over more than 1,000 others who auditioned, and as Adrienne Clarkson in a CBC biopic of Clarkson's life.

1994–2004: Early work
Oh came to prominence in her home country for her lead performance in the Canadian film Double Happiness (1994), playing Jade Li, a twenty-something Chinese-Canadian woman negotiating her wishes and those of her parents. The film received critical acclaim, with Roger Ebert praising Oh's "warm performance". Janet Maslin of The New York Times also praised her performance, saying: "Ms. Oh's performance makes Jade a smart, spiky heroine you won't soon forget." Oh won the Genie Award for Best Actress for the role. In 1995 she appeared in the Canadian film Little Criminals with a multi-scene, but uncredited, performance.

In 1997 she appeared in the film Bean, playing the supporting role of Bernice, the art gallery PR manager. Her other Canadian films include Long Life, Happiness & Prosperity and Last Night (1998), for which she again won a Best Actress Genie. She was cast in the drama Dancing at the Blue Iguana (2000), playing a stripper at an adult dance club opposite Daryl Hannah. The film received mediocre reviews, though Oh was praised for her performance. The New York Times review said, "Oh make[s] the most of [her] opportunity to explore the vulnerability below [her] characters' hard-edged surface." The same year, she appeared in the drama Waking the Dead. In 2002, Oh appeared in the family comedy Big Fat Liar, followed by a minor role in Steven Soderbergh's Full Frontal (2002).

Oh garnered critical acclaim for her six seasons as Rita Wu, the assistant to the president of a major sports agency, on the HBO series Arliss, receiving a nomination for an NAACP Image Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and a Cable Ace award for Best Actress in a Comedy for her work. She also made several guest appearances on the series Popular (1999) playing a humanities teacher and guest starred in the television series Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, Judging Amy, Six Feet Under and Odd Job Jack.

In theatre, Oh has also starred in the world premieres of Jessica Hagedorn's Dogeaters at the La Jolla Playhouse and Diana Son's Stop Kiss at Joseph Papp's Public Theater in New York City.

In 2003, she was cast in a supporting role opposite Diane Lane in Under the Tuscan Sun, followed by a supporting role in Alexander Payne's drama Sideways (2004). She considers Sideways and The Diary of Evelyn Lau to be the two best films she has made.

2005–2013: Grey's Anatomy
In 2005, Oh appeared in several films, including David Slade's controversial thriller Hard Candy; and the independent anthology drama 3 Needles (2005), opposite Chloë Sevigny and Olympia Dukakis, in which she plays a Catholic nun in an AIDS-stricken African village. The same year, Oh was cast as Cristina Yang in the first season of what became the hit ABC medical series Grey's Anatomy. Oh's role on the show earned her both a 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Series and a 2006 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series. In July 2009, she received her fifth consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress in a Drama for her work on the series.

In addition to her work on Grey's Anatomy, Oh continued to appear in films. She co-starred in the thriller The Night Listener (2006), alongside Robin Williams and Toni Collette; in the superhero comedy Defendor (2009); Ramona and Beezus (2010); and in the critically acclaimed drama Rabbit Hole (2010), opposite Nicole Kidman and Aaron Eckhart.

In her only audiobook, she played Brigid O'Shaughnessy in a Grammy-nominated dramatization of The Maltese Falcon (2008), which also featured Michael Madsen and Edward Herrmann. She also has done a few voice roles in animation, including a few guest appearances in American Dragon: Jake Long, the voice of Princess Ting-Ting in Mulan II, and the voice of Doofah in The Land Before Time XIII: The Wisdom of Friends.

Oh was the host of the 28th Genie Awards on March 3, 2008. In 2009, Oh performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States. During the off-season hiatus from filming Grey's Anatomy in 2010, Oh took the part of Sarah Chen in the British crime drama, Thorne. She undertook intensive dialect coaching in order to play her British character.

On June 28, 2011, it was announced that Oh would receive a star on Canada's Walk of Fame; she was inducted on October 1 at Elgin Theatre in Toronto. In 2013, Oh formally announced that she would be leaving Grey's Anatomy at the end of the tenth season. Oh exited the series with the season 10 finale.

2014–present: Film roles and Killing Eve
In October 2014, Oh announced that she would be teaming up with Canadian director Ann Marie Fleming to collaborate on an animated feature film titled Window Horses. She also appeared in a supporting role in the comedy film Tammy (2014), playing the wife of Kathy Bates' character.

In 2015, she starred on the Refinery29 comedy web series Shitty Boyfriends. Oh began filming the comedy film, Catfight (2016), in New York City in December 2015. In 2017, Oh starred as Abby Tanaka in the third season of the anthology drama series American Crime.

Beginning in April 2018, Oh began a leading role in the BBC America and BBC Three spy thriller series Killing Eve, playing British intelligence agent Eve Polastri whose quarry is psychopathic assassin Villanelle (played by Jodie Comer), with the two women developing a mutual fascination. Upon reading the series script, Oh did not realize she was being considered for a leading role, stating that she had been "brainwashed" by years of being typecast as the leads' best friend. The series was renewed for a second season ahead of its debut, and a third was announced less than a day after the second premiered in the United States. Killing Eve was also renewed for a fourth season shortly after.

Oh has garnered critical acclaim for her performance on the series, with Jenna Scherer describing her in Rolling Stone as "a compulsively watchable actor – expressive and complex, blending wry wit and deep pathos." When Vulture declared Oh the best actress currently on television, critic Matt Zoller Seitz wrote: "It's a tour de force performance, yet so self-effacing and invisible in its effects that you come away thinking that you've seen a crackling yarn with compelling characters rather than a cultural landmark. This is a magic trick of a high order." In 2018, Oh became the first actress of Asian descent to be nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, for that role. She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama, becoming the first woman of Asian descent to win two Golden Globe Awards. Oh won Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series at the SAG Awards in 2019.

From 2018 to 2020, Oh voiced the role of Castaspella in the animated superhero series She-Ra and the Princesses of Power. In 2019, she co-hosted the 76th Golden Globe Awards, alongside Andy Samberg. Oh became the first woman of Asian descent to host the awards show. In March 2019, she became the first Asian-Canadian woman to host Saturday Night Live, and only the third actress of Asian descent, after Lucy Liu in 2000 and Awkwafina in 2018. In 2021, Oh voiced Virana, the chieftess of the Fang tribe in the Disney animated film Raya and the Last Dragon.

Oh voices the role of Debbie Grayson in the animated superhero drama series Invincible. The series, based on the comic book series of the same name, premiered on Amazon Prime Video in 2021.

In 2021, Oh served as executive producer and had the lead role in the Netflix comedy-drama series The Chair.

In 2022, Oh voiced the role of Ming Lee, the strict and overprotective mother of the main character in the Pixar animated film Turning Red. She joined Lynne Ramsay's adaptation of Margaret Atwood's short story collection Stone Mattress.

In 2023, Oh played the role of Jenny Yum, a brash, outgoing, and impulsive older sister of the main character in the 20th Century Studios comedy film Quiz Lady.

Her upcoming projects include Good Fortune directed by Aziz Ansari.

Personal life
Oh was in a relationship with filmmaker Alexander Payne for five years. They married in January 2003, separated in early 2005, and divorced in late 2006.

On July 8, 2013, Oh received the key to the city of Ottawa from Mayor Jim Watson.

Oh practices Vipassanā, a Buddhist form of meditation. Her work in acting is informed by a loose creative collective that teaches "creative dream work", which reportedly fuses Jungian dream analysis with method acting and aims to bring one's "subconscious work into consciousness".

Oh became a US citizen in 2018. On the first anniversary of her citizenship, she discussed it while hosting Saturday Night Live and referred to herself as an "Asian-Canadian-American".

Oh was awarded the National Arts Centre Award from the Governor General of Canada in 2019, as a part of the Governor General's Performing Arts Awards.

In June 2022, Oh was named an officer of the Order of Canada. Later in that year, she was one of a number of recent inductees to the Order to be included in the Canadian delegation to the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II.

Activism
On March 22, 2021, Oh gave a speech at a Stop Asian Hate rally in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in response to the Atlanta spa shootings. She encouraged people "to reach out to the Asian American community", stating that they were "very scared".

"I'm gonna be very, very brief, but one thing I know, many of us in our community are very scared, and I understand that, and one way to try to kind of go through– get through our fear is to reach out to our communities.....I will challenge everyone here: if you see something, will you help me? If you see one of our brothers and sisters in need, will you help us?...I am proud to be Asian! I wanna hear you say, I am proud to be Asian! I belong here! I am proud to be Asian! I belong here! Many of us don't get the chance to be able to say that, so I just wanted to give us an opportunity to be able to shout that."

Awards and nominations
Among her accolades, she has received two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as nominations for thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sandra Oh


text:
Chamber of Deputies

The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.

Description
Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon Restoration, the July Monarchy, and the French Third Republic; the name is still informally used for the National Assembly under the nation's current Fifth Republic.

The term "chamber of deputies" is not widely used by English-speaking countries, the more popular equivalent being "House of Representatives", an exception being Burma, a former British colony, where it was the name of the lower house of the country's parliament. It was also the official description of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Irish parliament) during the period of the Irish Free State.

In Malta, the House of Representatives is known, in Maltese, as "Kamra tad-Deputati". In Lebanon, the literal Arabic name of that country's parliament is Majlis an-Nuwwab, or, "Chamber of Deputies" (although officially used French and English translations are "Assemblée Nationale" and "National Assembly", respectively). Brazil also has a "Chamber of Deputies", known in Brazilian Portuguese as the "Câmara dos Deputados", for a lower house of the legislative body.

A member of a "chamber of deputies" is generally called a "deputy", the definition of which is similar to that of "congressperson" or "member of parliament". The term "deputy" may refer to any member of a legislative body or chamber; this usage is particularly common in those French-speaking countries whose parliaments are called "national assemblies" and Spanish-speaking countries with legislative bodies called "congresses"; the term is also used by Portugal's Assembly of the Republic. In Ireland, it is used as a form of address when referring to members of Dáil Éireann instead of the Irish language term Teachta Dála, while in the Channel Islands, "Deputy" is used as the official title of most of the members of the States Assembly in Jersey and all but two of the members of the States of Deliberation in Guernsey.

Chamber of Deputies in bicameral legislature
In the following countries, the Chamber of Deputies is part of the bicameral legislature.

Unicameral legislatures
In the following countries, 'Chamber of Deputies' is the name given to the unicameral parliaments :

Defunct chambers of deputies

 * Burma
 * Congo-Kinshasa
 * Egypt
 * Ethiopia
 * France
 * Czechoslovakia
 * Iraq
 * Italy
 * Libya
 * Nicaragua
 * Ottoman Empire
 * Peru
 * Chamber of Deputies of the Portuguese Nation, lower house of the Cortes Gerais and Chamber of Deputies of the Portuguese Republic, lower house of the Congress of the Republic
 * Sardinia
 * Venezuela
 * Republic of Negros and Republic of Zamboanga (now a region of the Philippines)
 * Bahia
 * Ceará
 * Pernambuco
 * São Paulo

title: Chamber of Deputies


text:
George Randolph Hearst

George Randolph Hearst Sr. (April 23, 1904 – January 26, 1972) was an American heir and media executive. He was the son of media magnate William Randolph Hearst, and the vice president of the Hearst Corporation.

Early life
Hearst was born on April 23, 1904. He was the eldest son of newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst.

Career
Hearst first worked in advertising for The San Francisco Examiner from 1924 to 1928, when he became its publisher. He was appointed as the president of The New York American in 1929, and he was the vice president of the Los Angeles Examiner from 1932 to 1953.

Though he never held a title higher than Vice-President at the Hearst Corporation, he was listed above many with higher-sounding titles when executives were listed in the company's publications. Hearst was one of the five family trustees of the trust established under his father's will (this ensured that eight non-family trustees would have majority control of the corporation). In the 1950s Hearst Sr secured a seat on the corporation's board for his son, George Randolph Hearst Jr.

Personal life, death and legacy
Hearst was married several times. He married and divorced Blanche Wilbur, Lora Velie, and Sally Alvarez Kirkham. Another marriage, to actress Sandra Rambeau, was annulled. Hearst married his fourth wife, actress Collette Lyons, twice because their first wedding in Mexico was invalid as Hearst was still married to Sally. They had two children together, a son and a daughter. Hearst was an amateur aviator. Hearst's last marriage was to Rosalie May Wynn born in Oklahoma City. They had a home in Palm Springs and were active philanthropists.

Hearst died on January 26, 1972, in Loma Linda, California. The California Senate passed a resolution in his memory sponsored by Sen. Gordon Cologne on February 2, 1972.

After his death in 1972, his son succeeded him as a trustee. He served as chairman of the corporation's board from 1996 until his death in 2012.

title: George Randolph Hearst


text:
George Randolph Hearst Jr.

George Randolph Hearst Jr. (July 13, 1927 – June 25, 2012) was an American businessman and member of the wealthy Hearst family. He served as the chairman of the board of the Hearst Corporation from 1996 through to his death in 2012, succeeding his uncle Randolph Apperson Hearst. He was a director at the company for over forty years.

Life
Hearst Jr. and his twin sister Phoebe were born July 13, 1927, in San Francisco, California. Hearst first joined the Naval Air Corps. Later, he joined the United States Army and served in the Korean War.

In 1948, he joined the advertising staff of the Los Angeles Examiner, which his grandfather had founded in 1903, then worked for several years at the family-run San Francisco Examiner. In 1957, he was named business manager of the Los Angeles Herald-Express and three years later was made publisher. In 1967, while publisher of the Herald Examiner, Hearst felt pressure from the growing workers unions and "was determined to break them." The strikes by the unions lasted until 1977 by which point circulation of the paper had been cut in half to 330,000 and advertising had evaporated, partly because of aggressive tactics by organized labor; the paper never fully recovered.

That same year, Hearst joined the Hearst Corporation, where he would spend the rest of his career. Non-family executives are a majority on the trust that controls the corporation, and this trust will not dissolve until all grandchildren alive at the death of William Randolph Hearst have died. George Jr. was one of the oldest grandchildren. However, there are five family seats among the 13 trustees, and George represented his branch of the family.

Hearst Jr. died in Palo Alto, California at age 84 following complications from a stroke.

Children
He married Mary Thompson (born 1931) in 1951, and they had four children, all born in California. They divorced in 1969.

 * Mary Astrid Hearst (1953–2004), born in Santa Monica, daughters Shannon and Alexis, later married Randy Ives, died at San Simeon, California, of cancer; known as "Bunny"
 * George Randolph Hearst III (born 1955)
 * Stephen Thompson Hearst (born 1956)
 * Erin Wilbur Hearst (born 1959), married a Mr. Knudsen

title: George Randolph Hearst Jr.


text:
Biker

Biker or bikie may refer to:

 * A cyclist, a bicycle rider or participant in cycling sports
 * A motorcyclist, any motorcycle rider or passenger, or participant in motorcycle sports
 * A motorcycle club member, defined more narrowly than all motorcyclists
 * An outlaw motorcycle club member, more narrowly than all motorcycle club members

title: Biker


text:
Brassavola

Brassavola is a genus of 21 orchids (family Orchidaceae). They were named in 1813 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown. The name comes from the Italian nobleman and physician Antonio Musa Brassavola. This genus is abbreviated B. in trade journals.

These species are widespread across Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. They are epiphytes, and a few are lithophytes. A single, apical and succulent leaf grows on an elongated pseudobulb.

The orchid yields a single white or greenish white flower, or a raceme of a few flowers. The three sepals and two lateral petals are greenish, narrow and long. The base of the broad, sometimes fringed lip partially enfolds the column. This column has a pair of falciform (sickle-shaped) ears on each side of the front and contains twelve (sometimes eight) pollinia.

Most Brassavola orchids are very fragrant, attracting pollinators with their citrusy smell. But they are only fragrant at night, in order to attract the right moth. Longevity of flowers depends on the species and is between five and thirty days.

In 1698 Brassavola nodosa was the first tropical orchid to be brought from the Caribbean island Curaçao to Holland. Thus began the propagation of this orchid and the fascination for orchids in general.

Taxonomy
The species of Brassavola have been divided into four sections:

B. sect. Brassavola
This monotypic section, erected by H. G. Jones in 1969, contains the type of the genus:

B. sect. Sessilabia
This section, erected by Rolfe in 1902, is characterized by narrow labella with fimbriate margins to wider labella with entire margins.

B. sect. Cuneilabia
This section, erected by Rolfe in 1902, is characterized by narrowly constricted labellum bases. The sectional type is B. nodosa

B. sect. Lateraliflorae
This section, erected by H.G.Jones in 1975, is characterized by laterally-borne inflorescences. The sectional type is B. acaulis

Greges and hybrid genera
Brassavola is in the same alliance as the genera Cattleya and Laelia. They have been used extensively in hybridization and represent the "B" at the beginning of the names of such crosses. For example, Blc. is × Brassolaeliocattleya.
 * B. Little Stars, a primary hybrid between B. nodosa and B. subulifolia
 * × Rhynchovola 'David Sanders', a primary intergeneric hybrid between B. cucullata and Rhyncholaelia digbyana.  Rhyncholaelia digbyana was formerly classified as a Brassavola; its hybrids have now been reclassified.
 * × Brassocattleya 'Yellow Bird' = × Brassocattleya 'Richard Mueller × B. nodosa
 * × Brassocattleya 'Richard Mueller' is a primary intergeneric hybrid between B. nodosa and C. milleri. C. milleri was formerly classified as a Laelia until it was transferred into Sophronitis which was then sunk into Cattleya to avoid confusion.

title: Brassavola


text:
John Randolph Hearst

John Randolph Hearst (1909–1958) was an American business executive and the third son of William Randolph Hearst.

Career
Hearst, like his brothers, worked for the Hearst Corporation and was said to have the most executive talent among the sons of William Randolph Hearst. Any question of his rivaling the non-family executives who constituted a majority of the trustees of his father's will, however, was rendered moot after he died of a heart attack aged 49, whilst in the Virgin Islands.

Dorothy Hart Hearst
Hearst's first marriage was to Dorothy Hart Hearst. Their marriage ended after Hart divorced and sued him in 1932, citing "extreme cruelty" from Hearst.

Gretchen Wilson Hearst
Hearst’s second marriage was to Gretchen Wilson Hearst. Their marriage was short lived, and ended in 1938 when Wilson divorced him and won custody of their son, John Randolph Hearst Jr. (Wilson later married Woolworth Donahue (Jessie May Woolworth Donahue's son).

Fanne Wade Hearst
Hearst remarried for a final time to Fanne Wade Hearst, and in 1946, the couple purchased the former estate of Henry Anderson in Flower Hill, New York.

Children
Hearst had four children, including John Jr., who served as a company executive and director who represented this branch of the family among the trustees.

title: John Randolph Hearst


text:
Genie Awards

The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978) known as the "Etrog Awards" for sculptor Sorel Etrog, who designed its statuette.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which is distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, meet to screen the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then vote on these nominations.

In 2012, the Academy announced that the Genies would merge with its sister presentation for English-language television, the Gemini Awards, to form a new award presentation, the Canadian Screen Awards.

Broadcasting
The Genie Awards were aired by CBC from 1980 to 2003, before moving to CHUM Limited's networks (Citytv, Bravo! and Star!). After CTVglobemedia purchased CHUM Limited, the Genie Awards moved to Canwest Global's E and IFC for 2008. The last two Genie Awards (2011–2012) were broadcast by the CBC.

Awards ceremonies
Listing of all Genie Awards ceremonies:

Awards presented until 2012

 * Best Motion Picture
 * Best Actor
 * Best Actress
 * Best Supporting Actor
 * Best Supporting Actress
 * Best Director
 * Best Original Screenplay
 * Best Adapted Screenplay
 * Best Cinematography
 * Best Art Direction/Production Design
 * Best Costume Design
 * Best Editing
 * Best Overall Sound
 * Best Sound Editing
 * Best Visual Effects
 * Best Make-Up
 * Best Original Song
 * Best Original Score
 * Best Feature Length Documentary
 * Best Short Documentary
 * Best Live Action Short Drama
 * Best Animated Short
 * Golden Reel

Awards retired before 2012

 * Best Performance by a Foreign Actor: 1980 to 1983
 * Best Performance by a Foreign Actress: 1980 to 1983
 * Outstanding TV Drama Under 30 Minutes: 1980 only
 * Outstanding Independent Film: 1980 only
 * Outstanding Performance by an Actor (Non-Feature): 1980 to 1981
 * Outstanding Performance by an Actress (Non-Feature): 1980 to 1981
 * Outstanding Art Direction (Non-Feature): 1980 only
 * Outstanding Cinematography in a Dramatic Film (Non-Feature): 1980 only
 * Outstanding Cinematography in a Documentary (Non-Feature Film): 1980 only
 * Outstanding Editing in a Dramatic Film (Non-Feature): 1980 only
 * Outstanding Original Music Score (Non-Feature Film): 1980 only
 * Outstanding Non-Dramatic Script: 1980 only
 * Outstanding Sound in a Non-Feature Film: 1980 only

Special Achievement Genie
The Special Achievement Genie is an award occasionally given to an individual or individuals in recognition of lifetime achievement or an important career milestone.

title: Genie Awards


text:
Talk:Cold fusion

Warning: duplicate archive configs
This page has duplicate archive config definitions: MiszaBot/config and HBC Archive Indexerbot. This should be fixed. Mathglot (talk) 17:07, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I don't think that's a mistake: Lowercase sigmabot III doesn't create an index page, and so if someone wants to have an index they need to use another bot to do that. The HBC Archive Indexerbot config shouldn't mess with archiving, it just creates this index page. Tollens (talk) 01:40, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

Mainstream?
An indication that cold fusion (aka LENR, low-energy nuclear reaction) is becoming mainstream?

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=125983 “Scientific Research: An Academic Publisher: Explanation of Cold Nuclear Fusion and Biotransmutations”, June 2023. Solomonfromfinland (talk) 05:14, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * No. Scientific Research Publishing is predatory. --Hob Gadling (talk) 11:33, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Btw, i noticed that scirp.org was on the "Spam Blacklist", so i couldn't link to it; but i got around that by using "nowiki" to prevent the URL from being linked. I didn't know why the website was on the spam list. Solomonfromfinland (talk) 03:51, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

Wordy
The hatnote says, "This article is about the Fleischmann–Pons claims of nuclear fusion at room temperature, and subsequent research. For the original use of the term "cold fusion", see muon-catalyzed fusion. [...]" These first two sentences seem a bit wordy. How can we shorten them? Solomonfromfinland (talk) 05:25, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I don't think they really can be shortened, nor do they need to be. Both of them are simple and direct sentences in the standard fashion for disambiguation notes. Red Rock Canyon (talk) 12:57, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cold fusion


text:
Phragmipedium

Phragmipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae) and the only genus comprised in the tribe Phragmipedieae and subtribe Phragmipediinae. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek phragma, which means "division", and pedium, which means "slipper" (referring to the pouch). It is abbreviated 'Phrag' in trade journals.

About 20 species of these lady's slipper orchids are known from SW Mexico, Central and tropical South America.

All Phragmipedium species are listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning that commercial international trade in wild-sourced specimens is prohibited, while non-commercial trade is regulated.

Taxonomy
The genus Phragmipedium  is divided into several sections :
 * Phragmipedium : P. caudatum, P. exstaminodium, P. lindenii
 * Himantopetalum : P. caricinum, P. christiansenianum, P. pearcei, P. klotzscheanum, P. richteri, P. tetzlaffianum.
 * Platypetalum : P. lindleyanum
 * Lorifolia : P. boissierianum, P. hirtzii, P. longifolium, P. vittatum
 * Micropetalum : P. besseae, P. besseae var. dalessandroi, P. fischeri, P. schlimii.
 * Schluckebieria : P. kovachii

The exact number of species is still being discussed among specialists : O. Gruss recognizes 20 species, compared to the 15 species accepted by Lucile M. McCook (see References).

Most Phragmipedium species are either terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic in habit. They show a unique shieldlike staminode, long, moustache-like petals and a 3-locular ovary. The large pouchlike lip is curved inwards at the margins. The acute leaves attain a length of about 80 cm. The stem lacks pseudobulbs and grows about 80 cm high, showing 2 to 3 flowers.

Phragmipedium besseae was first found in Peru by Elizabeth Locke Besse in 1981. Soon afterwards, the site was plundered and destroyed by orchid hunters. Luckily enough seed was preserved, to avert extinction. This orchid is unusual, because its flowers have a bright orange-red to almost strong salmon-red color (there is also a yellow variety), unseen in any lady's slipper orchid. The oval-shaped petals are wide. The narrow leaves are elliptic in shape. It has since been used extensively in hybridization.

Phragmipedium caudatum is considered a complex, i.e. it could contain several species or subspecies, based on differences in flower size and color. This orchid with a short stem is semi-terrestrial, semi-lithophytic to epiphytic, depending on the substrate. The cream-colored flowers are laced with greenish stripes. The lateral spiraling, drooping petals are red-tinted and very long, even reaching the soil. They grow on wet, moss-covered hillsides.

Phragmipedium lindleyanum, named after John Lindley, forms a rosette of five long linear leaves with a yellow margin, reaching a length of 50 cm. The erect raceme can grow as high as 1 m. It is many-flowered and sometimes branched at the basis. The flowers open in succession, giving the orchid a long blooming period. The hoary flowers are green with brown veins. The glabrous, pouchlike lip is yellow, with red veins.

Phragmipedium longifolium, described in 1852 by H.G. Reichenbach f. and J. v. Warscewicz, has long lanceolate leaves without yellow margin, growing to a length of 60 cm. The inflorescence reaches a length of 1 m, with about 10 flowers, opening in succession. The long lateral petals are purplish green. The rather small glabrous labellum has a green color.

Allied genera include Paphiopedilum, Selenipedium, Cypripedium and the monotypic Mexipedium.

There are many interspecific hybrids. Rare crossings have been made between Phragmipedium and Paphiopedilum.

The genus Uropedium Lindl. is generally included in Phragmipedium.

Species
The following species ordered by sections are recognized by Plants of the World Online :

Natural Hybrids
The following Natural hybrids are recognized:

title: Phragmipedium


text:
SPSD

SPSD can refer to:
 * Southfield Public School District
 * Saskatoon Public School Division
 * Symmetric Positive Semi-Definite matrix, in linear algebra

title: SPSD


text:
Australian honours and awards system

The Australian honours and awards system refers to all orders, decorations, and medals, as instituted by letters patent from the Monarch of Australia and countersigned by the Australian prime minister at the time, that have been progressively introduced since 14 February 1975. The Australian honours and awards system excludes all state and local government, and private, issued awards and medals (although a few can be recognised in the order of wearing, like those in the Order of St John).

Honours and awards have been present in Australia since pre-Federation, primarily from the Imperial honours and awards system. This Imperial system remained in place until its full phase out in 1994 (although the Monarch of Australia may still confer some of these honours to Australians in their personal capacity). Between 1975 and 1992, the Australian honours and awards system and the Imperial honours and awards system operated in parallel, although the last Imperial awards to be made were in June 1989.

The Australian honours and awards system consists of honours, which are appointments to orders of chivalry (namely the Order of Australia), and awards (which are decorations and medals – decorations are medals for valour, gallantry, bravery, and distinguished or conspicuous service). Medals include meritorious service medals, operational service medals, campaign medals, long service medals, commemorative medals, and the Champion Shots medal.

Both the Order of Australia, which has a General Division and Military Division (distinguished by gold banding on the edges of the ribbon), and the Australian Operational Service Medal, which has a special civilian ribbon for Defence civilians awarded it, are unique in the Australian honour and awards system in distinguishing between military and civilian awardees (although some awards in the Australian honours and awards system can only be earned by military personnel).

The Australian honours and awards system recognises the contributions of individuals, and for the Group Bravery Citation, Unit Citation for Gallantry, and Meritorious Unit Citation, the efforts of individuals as a group (the unit citations for meritorious service and gallantry also recognise members currently posted to those units, so long as they remain posted there, but without the display of the Federation Star device on those decorations that signifies personal contribution to the granting of that award). Most honours and awards are announced on Australia Day (26 January) and the King's Birthday holiday (June), with the exception of the bravery awards (typically announced in March and August), and the Australian Antarctic Medal (announced on 21 June), although some military medals are awarded all year round (as most are not gazetted).

History
The Australian states and the Commonwealth of Australia originally used the Imperial honours system, also known as the British honours system. The creation in 1975 of the Australian honours and awards system saw Australian recommendations for the Imperial awards decline, with the last awards being gazetted in 1989. The Commonwealth of Australia ceased making recommendations for Imperial awards in 1983, with the last Queen's Birthday Australian Honours list submitted by Queensland and Tasmania in 1989. The Queen continued to confer honours upon Australians that emanate from her personally such as the Royal Victorian Order. Only a handful of peerages and baronetcies were created for Australians. Some were in recognition of public services rendered in Britain rather than Australia. Hereditary peerages and baronetcies derive from Britain. There have never been Australian peerages or baronetcies created under the Australian Crown.

Individual Australian states, as well the Commonwealth government, were full participants in the Imperial honours system. Originally there was bipartisan support, but Australian Labor Party (ALP) governments, both national and state, ceased making recommendations for Imperial awards – in particular, appointments to the Order of the British Empire mainly after 1972. During the Second World War, the Governor-General, on the advice of wartime Labor governments, made recommendations for gallantry awards, including eleven for the Victoria Cross. Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were for officers and men engaged in operational areas.

In 1975, the ALP (which had been out of power federally from 1949 until 1972) created the Australian honours and awards system. Recommendations were processed centrally, but state governors still had the power, on the advice of their governments, to submit recommendations for Imperial awards. From 1975 until 1983, the Liberal Party was in power federally, under Malcolm Fraser and, although it retained the Australian Honours and Awards System, it reintroduced recommendations for meritorious Imperial awards, but not for Imperial awards for gallantry, bravery or distinguished service. Recommendations for Imperial awards by the federal government ceased with the election of the Hawke Labor government in 1983. In 1989, the last two states to make Imperial recommendations were Queensland and Tasmania. The defeat of both governments at the polls that year marked the end of Australian recommendations for Imperial awards.

Following the UK New Year Honours List in 1990, which contained no Australian nominations for British honours, the Queen's Private Secretary, Sir William Heseltine, wrote to the Governor-General, saying "this seems a good moment to consider whether the time has not arrived for Australia, like Canada, to honour its citizens exclusively within its own system". There followed more than two years of negotiations with state governments before the Prime Minister, Paul Keating, made the announcement on 5 October 1992 that Australia would make no further recommendations for British honours. The Australian Order of Wear states that "all imperial British awards made to Australian citizens after 5 October 1992 are foreign awards and should be worn accordingly".

The Australian honours and awards system has faced various criticisms over the years. Most criticisms however are to do with who receives honours and awards, reflecting comments such as those made by Nicholas Gruen, where he said the honours and awards system had "far too much to do with how much status you've already got ... [It's about] seniority, power, privilege and patronage... [with] systematic selection in favour of people who just do their job, rather than go out of their way to do something selfless". Controversy attended these awards in 2021 when former tennis player Margaret Court received the Companion of the Order of Australia. Court is known for her homophobic and transphobic views, and GP Clara Tuck Meng Soo, journalist Kerry O'Brien, and artist Peter Kingston have rejected or returned their awards in protest.

Nominating or applying for awards
Australians become recipients of each of the 55 different types of Australian awards and honours through one of two separate processes; by nomination or by application.
 * Nomination: Individual nominations may be made by members of the public or a community group for the Order of Australia and Australian Bravery Decorations. Nominations for Meritorious Service Awards are based on nominations from each specific organisation. The Department of Defence also nominates individuals for a range of service decorations. Non-Australians can be given honorary awards for "extraordinary service to Australia or humanity at large". Nomination forms for the Order of Australia are available through the Australian Honours Secretariat website, or upon application to the Honours Secretariat at Government House, Canberra or from any state Government House.
 * Application: Many of the honours or awards are based on an application by the recipient or a recommendation on their behalf. Awards that fall under this category include service awards for defence force and police personnel for operational service or to other individuals for special civilian services recognised by the Australian Government. Unlike Imperial bravery or gallantry awards, any person can nominate themselves for an Australian Bravery Award under the current design of the nomination form.

Categories of honours and awards
The Australian honours and awards system consists of the following:
 * Honours An honour is an appointment to an order of chivalry, and The Order of Australia is the only chivalric order currently able to be awarded in the Australian honours and awards system.
 * Awards An award is a decoration or medal awarded to a person or organisation. Decorations are awards, normally in the form of a cross or a star, made for valour, gallantry, bravery, distinguished service or conspicuous service. Medals are everything else.

There are two broad categories of honours and awards.

Individual honours and awards
The honours and the awards in the Australian system are, and have been:
 * those within the Australian honours and awards system;
 * those conferred by the sovereign in exercise of the royal prerogative;
 * those within the Order of St John;
 * Imperial/British awards conferred before 6 October 1992; and
 * foreign awards, the acceptance and wearing of which have been authorised by the Governor-General.

Awards of the British Empire/United Kingdom conferred after 5 October 1992 are foreign awards.

Military theatre and battle honours, honour titles and distinctions
The Australian Defence Force has a system of battle honours, theatre honours, honour titles and honour distinctions to recognise exemplary service by units (not individuals) in combat and combat-related roles. Normally, Defence Honours are not awarded below sub-unit level (an organisation normally commanded by a Major or equivalent). The recommendation for the award of battle honours, theatre honours, honour titles and honour distinctions is made by a Battle Honours Committee.

There are four categories of honours in the Defence system as follows:

 * Theatre Honour: A theatre of operations is defined as a geographic area in which a campaign or series of operations is conducted and for which an operational level joint or combined commander is appointed. A Theatre Honour can be made where a unit or sub-unit of any Corps is deployed under warlike conditions. Any unit that qualifies for a Battle Honour will automatically also qualify for a Theatre Honour. Examples of Theatre Honours awarded to Australian units include Gallipoli 1915, France and Flanders 1914–1918, Middle East 1941–1944, South West Pacific 1942–1945, Korea 1950–1953 and Vietnam 1965–1972.
 * Battle Honour: A battle is an operational action conducted under warlike conditions. A Battle Honour is defined as the title of a battle or a series of battles fought as a campaign, an action or an engagement and is awarded to close combat elements of a Combat Corps of the Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army or Royal Australian Air Force as a public commemoration of outstanding achievement in battle(s), action or engagement. Examples of Battle Honours awarded to Australian units include the Landing at Anzac Cove, Hamel, Tobruk, Kokoda Track, Kapyong and Coral-Balmoral.

 * Honour Title: An Honour Title is awarded to any non-combat unit or sub-unit that is not entitled to a Battle Honour but which satisfies the same requirements for the award of a Battle Honour. An example of the award of an Honour Title is the title Coral, awarded to 102nd Field Battery for its outstanding achievement during the Battle of Coral–Balmoral in South Vietnam.

 * Honour Distinction: An Honour Distinction is defined as a public commemoration of creditable performance by a unit or sub-unit in an operation which does not attract a Theatre, Battle or Honour Title. Honour Distinctions are intended to recognise service under operational conditions in security-related, peace keeping and peace enforcement and similar operations. The first award of an Honour Distinction was the award made to the 17th Construction Squadron for the Australian contribution to the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) peacekeeping mission in Namibia in 1989 and 1990.

It is common that units claim Honours from original units with a historical connection to a military predecessors of the current Unit. For example, 4th/3rd Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment which is a modern amalgamated unit, is entitled to the previous Honours of the 3rd Battalion, the 4th Battalion as well as the World War I Honours of the 3rd and 4th Battalions First Australian Imperial Force. The term Battle Honour can be used to denote both battle and theatre honours.

Historically the system was drawn from the British system adopted during World War I but has been modified since. A relatively recent change is the introduction of the Honours for recognition of outstanding service in dangerous operations short of declared theatres of war. Defence also has a process of Defence and Service Commendations and other honours including the Army Combat Badge and Infantry Combat Badge which are awarded by Army Headquarters.

Order of Australia
The Order of Australia insignia were designed by Stuart Devlin in 1976. Devlin used the livery colours of the Australian Coat of Arms, gold and royal blue. He also translated an individual ball of wattle blossom into a simple convex golden disc with a rich texture of beads and radiating lines accentuating a ring of blue enamel representing the sea.

The disc is surmounted by an enamel Crown signifying the position of the Order of Australia as an Australian Royal Honour. The sovereign is Head of the Order of Australia. The Governor-General is Principal Companion, Knight or Dame, and Chancellor, of the Order of Australia. The blue and gold theme is continued in the ribbon. Most of the insignia pieces are produced by the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra. The actual pieces for the two divisions of the Order are identical: it is only the ribbon which differentiates an award between the General and the Military divisions. In the Military Division the ribbon is distinguished by the addition of a narrow gold band on each edge.

When established, only the grades of Member, Officer and Companion of the Order existed. In 1976, Malcolm Fraser recommended to Queen Elizabeth II the addition of the medal and grade of Knight and Dame in the order. The grade of Knight and Dame was removed on the advice of Prime Minister Bob Hawke in 1986 without prejudice to any person who had been admitted to the order at that grade. The grade of Knight and Dame was restored on the advice of Tony Abbott (a prominent monarchist) in March 2014. In November 2015, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (a prominent republican) announced that the Queen had accepted his request to amend the order's letters patent and cease awards in this class, after Cabinet had agreed that he should advise that these titles are no longer appropriate in the Australian honours and awards system. Currently there are four grades within the Order in both Military and General Divisions. People cannot be admitted to the Order posthumously; if a person is successfully nominated but dies prior to the scheduled announcement, the date of effect of the award is deemed to be a date before they died.

The Council for the Order of Australia makes recommendations to the Governor-General as to the appropriateness of a nominee to be admitted to the Order and at what grade. It is up to the Honours Secretariat to provide the council with as much fully verified information as is possible on each nominee so that appropriate consideration may be given to each case. This is a long process and up to eighteen months can elapse between the original submission and publication of a successful nomination.

 * AUS Order of Australia (civil) BAR.svg General Division ribbon
 * AUS Order of Australia (military) BAR.svg Military Division ribbon

Knight / Dame of the Order of Australia (AK / AD)
Appointments to this class of the Order ceased from November 2015. A maximum of four knights and dames were appointed each year. See the full list of knights and dames of the Order of Australia.

Companion of the Order of Australia (AC)
Appointments are made for eminent achievement and merit of the highest degree in service to Australia or to humanity at large. Excluding honorary appointments, no more than 35 Companions shall be appointed in any calendar year. See the full list of companions of the Order of Australia.

Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)
Appointments made for distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or to humanity at large. Excluding honorary appointments, no more than 140 Officers shall be appointed in any calendar year.

Member of the Order of Australia (AM)
Appointment made for service in a particular locality or field of activity or to a particular group. Excluding honorary appointments, no more than 340 Members shall be appointed in any calendar year.

Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)
Awarded for service worthy of particular recognition. There is no quota limit on awards of the Medal of the Order.

Recipients
Names in bold format are living recipients. These have included:

Gallantry

 * UK Victoria Cross ribbon bar.svg Victoria Cross for Australia (VC)
 * SGAustRibbon.png Star of Gallantry (SG)
 * MGAustRibbon.png Medal for Gallantry (MG)
 * Commendation for Gallantry (Australia) ribbon.png Commendation for Gallantry

Bravery

 * AUS Cross of Valour.png Cross of Valour (CV)
 * SCAustRibbon.png Star of Courage (SC)
 * BMAustRibbon.png Bravery Medal (BM)
 * Commendation for Brave Conduct (Australia) ribbon.png Commendation for Brave Conduct
 * Group Bravery Citation

Distinguished Service

 * DSC (Australia) ribbon.png Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)
 * DSM (Australia) ribbon.png Distinguished Service Medal (DSM)
 * Commendation for Distinguished Service (Aust) ribbon.png Commendation for Distinguished Service

Conspicuous Service

 * CSC Australia ribbon.png Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC)
 * CSM Australia ribbon.png Conspicuous Service Medal (CSM)

Nursing Service

 * NSC Australia ribbon.png Nursing Service Cross (NSC)

Meritorious Service

 * PSM Australia ribbon.png Public Service Medal (PSM)
 * APM Australia ribbon.png Australian Police Medal (APM)
 * AFSM Australia ribbon.png Australian Fire Service Medal (AFSM)
 * ASM Australia ribbon.svg Ambulance Service Medal (ASM)
 * ESM Australia ribbon.png Emergency Services Medal (ESM)
 * Australian Corrections Medal ribbon.png Australian Corrections Medal (ACM)
 * AIM Australia ribbon.png Australian Intelligence Medal (AIM)
 * Australian Antarctic Medal ribbon.png Australian Antarctic Medal (AAM)

Campaign Medals

 * Australia Service Medal 1939-1945 BAR.svg Australia Service Medal 1939–45
 * Australian Active Service Medal 1945-75 ribbon.png Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975
 * Australian Service Medal 1945-1975 ribbon.png Australian Service Medal 1945–1975
 * AGSMK Ribbon.png Australian General Service Medal for Korea
 * Vietnam Medal BAR.svg Vietnam Medal
 * Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal ribbon.png Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal
 * Australian Active Service Medal ribbon.png Australian Active Service Medal
 * Australian Service Medal ribbon.png Australian Service Medal
 * Rhodesia Medal Ribbon.svg Rhodesia Medal
 * INTERFET Medal ribbon.png International Force East Timor Medal (INTERFET)
 * Afghanistan Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Afghanistan Medal
 * Iraq Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Iraq Medal
 * AUS OSM Border Service.PNG Australian Operational Service Medal – Border Protection
 * AUS OSM Civilian ribbon.png Australian Operational Service Medal – Civilian
 * AUS OSM Greater Middle East Operation.png Australian Operational Service Medal – Greater Middle East Operation
 * AUS OSM Special Operations.png Australian Operational Service Medal – Special Operations
 * AUS OSM CT-SR.png Australian Operational Service Medal – Counter Terrorism/Special Recovery
 * AOSM Africa.png Australian Operational Service Medal – Africa

Special Service

 * Police Overseas Service Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Police Overseas Service Medal
 * Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal
 * AUS National Emergency Medal ribbon bar.png National Emergency Medal
 * Civilian Service Medal 1939-45 (Australia) ribbon.png Civilian Service Medal 1939–1945
 * NPSM Ribbon.svg National Police Service Medal
 * 400px ribbon bar of Australian Sports Medal.svg Australian Sports Medal (2000, 2021–present)

Commemorative

 * 80th Anniversary Armistice Remembrance Medal ribbon.png 80th Anniversary Armistice Remembrance Medal
 * AUS Centenary Medal ribbon.svg Centenary Medal

Long Service

 * Defence Force Service Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Defence Force Service Medal
 * Reserve Force Decoration (Australia) ribbon.png Reserve Force Decoration (RFD)
 * Reserve Force Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Reserve Force Medal
 * Defence Long Service Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Defence Long Service Medal
 * National Medal (Australia) ribbon.jpg National Medal
 * Australian Cadet Forces Service Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Australian Cadet Forces Service Medal
 * Service Medal of the Order of St John Ribbon.svg Service Medal of the Order of St John

Other Defence Medals

 * Australian Defence Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Australian Defence Medal
 * Champion Shots Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Champion Shots Medal
 * Anniversary of National Service Medal (Australia) ribbon.png Anniversary of National Service 1951–1972 Medal

Royal honours
The Sovereign confers honours upon Australians in exercise of the royal prerogative (rather than through the government). Such honours remain formally part of the imperial honours system and are administered by the UK. Bold names are living recipients. These have included:

Imperial honours
Imperial honours awarded to Australians, if awarded since 5 October 1992, are no longer part of the Australian honours and awards system, and are foreign awards. Bold names are living recipients.

Prior to 6 October 1992, such honours were part of the Australian system (and awards made prior to that date still retain legal recognition in Australia):

Foreign honours – including UN and NATO service
Specific foreign awards are not mentioned on the Order of Wear document – just the general comment that foreign awards appear after the awards mentioned.

A list of foreign honours commonly awarded to Australians appears at Australian Honours Order of Wearing.

A list of foreign awards commonly awarded to Australians for campaign and peacekeeping service appears at Australian Campaign Medals.

Permission for formal acceptance and wearing of foreign awards is given by the Governor-General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister or the minister responsible for Australian honours.

Additional information regarding UN medals can be found on the Australian Defence Force website.

title: Australian honours and awards system


text:
Eric Bell

Eric Robin Bell (born 3 September 1947) is a Northern Irish rock and blues musician, best known as a founding member and the original guitarist of the rock group Thin Lizzy, of which he was a member from 1969 to 1973. After his time in Thin Lizzy, he briefly fronted his own group before joining the Noel Redding Band in the mid-1970s. He has since released several solo albums and performs regularly with a blues-based trio, the Eric Bell Band.

Early career
Bell was born on 3 September 1947 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. From the east of the city, he began his career with local groups around the Belfast area, including the last incarnation of Them to feature Van Morrison, between September and October 1966. He also played with a number of other bands including Shades of Blue, The Earth Dwellers and The Bluebeats, before joining an Irish showband named The Dreams. He left in 1969, having tired of the showband format, and at the end of that year he formed a band with local musicians Phil Lynott, Eric Wrixon and Brian Downey. Bell named the group Thin Lizzy, after Tin Lizzie, a robot character in The Dandy comic.

Thin Lizzy
Organist Eric Wrixon left Thin Lizzy after a few months, and the remaining trio later secured a contract with Decca Records. As lead guitarist, Bell played on Thin Lizzy's first three albums Thin Lizzy, Shades of a Blue Orphanage and Vagabonds of the Western World, as well as their hit single "Whiskey in the Jar". He co-wrote a number of songs with Lynott and Downey, including "The Rocker" which became a live favourite throughout the band's career. He also composed one song on his own, "Ray Gun", from their first album, Thin Lizzy.

Although Thin Lizzy gained in popularity during the early 1970s, the pressures of recording, touring and the excesses of the rock star lifestyle began to take their toll. He left the band after a New Year's Eve concert in 1973, after throwing his guitar into the air in the middle of the concert, pushing the amplifiers into the audience and storming off stage. He stated later that he had no regrets about leaving: "I really had to leave because of ill-health. It was exhaustion, and the majority of things that were available to me... I couldn't really handle it." He was temporarily replaced by Gary Moore.

The Noel Redding Band
In 1974, after a brief period fronting his own Eric Bell Band, Bell was recruited by ex-Jimi Hendrix sideman Noel Redding, along with guitarist/singer Dave Clarke and drummer Les Sampson, to form the Noel Redding Band. Bell was unsure of the musical direction Redding was taking, but went on to record two albums with the group before they split in 1976. A third album of unused tracks was released in 1995. Bell composed the song "Love and War" for the second album, Blowin'.

The 1980s and Mainsqueeze
In 1980, Bell reunited with Thin Lizzy to record a tribute song to Jimi Hendrix, "Song for Jimmy" [sic], which was released as an orange flexi disc and given away with Flexipop in August 1981. It was later included on Thin Lizzy's Vagabonds, Kings, Warriors, Angels box set in 2002, although much of Eric Bell's lead guitar work was missing from this version as the relevant master tapes could not be found. Bell also appeared as a guest on Thin Lizzy's final tour in 1983, and the accompanying live album, Life.

Bell had also reactivated his own band in the late 1970s, and released an EP in 1981.

Bell subsequently joined saxophonist Dick Heckstall-Smith's eight-piece blues rock ensemble Mainsqueeze. They toured Europe, recorded a live album in 1983, and later toured as Bo Diddley's backing group, recording the Hey... Bo Diddley: In Concert album in 1986.

Later career
Bell has continued to perform and record with the Eric Bell Band throughout the 1990s and 2000s, releasing several albums. He has also recorded with the Barrelhouse Brothers.

In 2005, he joined Gary Moore onstage to perform "Whiskey in the Jar" at the Phil Lynott tribute concert "The Boy Is Back in Town" in the Point Theatre, Dublin. This was released on a DVD called One Night in Dublin: A Tribute to Phil Lynott. In 2010, Bell moved from London where he had lived for many years to his new home in West Cork, Ireland.

Thin Lizzy

 * Thin Lizzy (1971)
 * Shades of a Blue Orphanage (1972)
 * Vagabonds of the Western World (1973)
 * "Song for Jimmy" – Flexipop single (1981)
 * Life (1983)

The Noel Redding Band

 * Clonakilty Cowboys (1975)
 * Blowin' (1976)
 * The Missing Album (1995)

Eric Bell Band

 * "The Eric Bell Band E.P." (1981)
 * "Lonely Man / Anyone Seen My Baby" – single version of the E.P. (1981)
 * Live Tonite (Sweden, 1996)
 * Irish Boy (Spain, 1998)
 * Live Tonite Plus (Extra tracks, 2001)
 * A Blues Night in Dublin (2002)
 * Lonely Nights in London (2010)
 * Belfast Blues in a Jar (2012)
 * "Lonely Man " – 10inch vinyl  (2021)

Eric Bell

 * Exile (2015)
 * Standing at a Bus Stop (2017)

Mainsqueeze

 * Live at Ronnie Scott's Club (France, 1983)
 * Hey... Bo Diddley: In Concert – as backing group for Bo Diddley (1986)

Others

 * The Dreams – The Best of Dreams (1969)
 * Whistler – Ho Hum (1971)
 * Brush Shiels – Brush Shiels (1977)
 * Smiley Bolger – Ode to a Black Man (1991)
 * Honeyboy Hickling – Straight from the Harp (2000)
 * Barrelhouse Brothers – Pick It Up, Pass It On (2002)
 * The Animals and Friends – Instinct (2004)

title: Eric Bell