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Glossary of names for the British

This glossary of names for the British include nicknames and terms, including affectionate ones, neutral ones, and derogatory ones to describe British people, Irish People and more specifically English, Welsh, Scottish and Northern Irish people. Many of these terms may vary between offensive, derogatory, neutral and affectionate depending on a complex combination of tone, facial expression, context, usage, speaker and shared past history.

Brit
Brit is a commonly used term in the United States, the Republic of Ireland and elsewhere, shortened from "Briton" or "Britisher".

Britisher
An archaic form of "Briton", similar to "Brit", being much more frequently used in North America than Britain itself, but even there, it is outdated.

Limey
"Limey" (from lime / lemon) is a predominantly North American slang nickname for a British person. The word has been around since the mid-19th century. Intended as a pejorative, the word is not commonly used today, though it retains that connotation.

The term is thought to have originated in the 1850s as lime-juicer, later shortened to "limey", and was originally used as a derogatory word for sailors in the Royal Navy. It derives from the Royal Navy's practice, since the beginning of the 19th century, of adding lemon juice or lime juice to the sailors' daily ration of watered-down rum (known as grog), in order to prevent scurvy. Initially, lemon juice (from lemons imported from Europe) was used as the additive to grog on the Royal Navy ships, but that was later switched to limes, which were grown in British colonies. It was not understood that limes contain only one quarter as much vitamin C as lemons. Moreover, processing and storing the juice further reduced the amount of vitamin C present, and as a result, lime juice-based grog was not able to prevent scurvy.

In time, the term lost its naval connotation and was used to refer to British people in general and, in the 1880s, British immigrants in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Although the term may have been used earlier in the US Navy as slang for a British sailor or a British warship, such a usage was not documented until 1918. By 1925, the usage of limey in American English had been extended to mean any British person, and the term was so commonly known that it was featured in American newspaper headlines.

Pommy or pom
The terms pommy, pommie, and pom used in Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand usually denote a British person. Newspapers in Australia were using the term by 1912, with it appearing first in Western Australia, and was said to be short for pomegranate, with the terms "jimmy" and "jimmigrant" also in use. The term Ten-pound Pom refers to British (subsidized) migrants to Australia and New Zealand after World War II.

Disputes about whether the term Pom is derogatory or offensive have occurred since 1925. The Oxford Dictionary defines its use as "often derogatory", but after complaints to the Australian Advertising Standards Board about five advertisements using the term "poms", the board ruled in 2006 that these words are inoffensive, in part because they are "largely used in playful or affectionate terms". The New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority made a similar ruling in 2010. The BBC, the British national broadcaster, has used the phrase on occasion.

There are several folk etymologies for "pommy" or "pom". The best-documented of these is that "pommy" originated as a contraction of "pomegranate". According to this explanation, "pomegranate" was Australian rhyming slang for "immigrant" (like "Jimmy Grant"). Usage of "pomegranate" for English people may have been strengthened by a belief in Australia that sunburn occurs more frequently amongst English immigrants, turning those with fair skin the colour of pomegranates.

Another explanation – now generally considered to be a false etymology – was that "pom" or "pommy" were derived from an acronym such as POM ("prisoner of Millbank"), POME ("prisoner of Mother England") or POHMS ("prisoner of Her Majesty's Service"). However, there is no evidence that such terms, or their acronyms, were used in Australia when "pom" and "pommy" entered use there. Other theories are that they come from the use of "pom-pom" guns by the British in the First and Second Boer Wars, from a corruption of "Tommy Atkins", or from "Pompey", a nickname for Portsmouth.

Tan
A pejorative used colloquially in Ireland, referring to the Black and Tan forces supplied by David Lloyd George to Ireland during the Irish War of Independence in order to assist the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) in combating the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The force was composed mainly of First World War British Army veterans, who wore distinctive Khaki British Army uniforms with dark RIC overcoats. The term's use is often used in Irish republican contexts. By extension, Great Britain is sometimes referred to as "Tanland".

Tommy
The name Tommy for any soldier in the British Army is particularly associated with World War I. The German, the French and the British Commonwealth armies used the name "Tommy" for British soldiers. "Tommy" is derived from the name "Tommy Atkins" which had been used as a generic name for a soldier for many years (and had been used as an example name on British Army registration forms). The precise origin is the subject of some debate, but it is known to have been used as early as 1743. Rudyard Kipling published the poem "Tommy" (part of the Barrack Room Ballads) in 1892 and in 1893 the music hall song "Private Tommy Atkins" was published with words by Henry Hamilton and music by S. Potter. In 1898 William McGonagall wrote "Lines in Praise of Tommy Atkins". The term is still used today in the British Army in the abridged version "Tom", especially in the Infantry Regiments, to specifically refer to a junior enlisted soldier.

Europe
In Finnish the abbreviation of iso-britannialainen (literally "Great/Large Briton") Britti is colloquially most commonly used for a British person, often also referring interchangeably to a person from England.

In Polish a common formal term to describe an Englishman is Anglik, derived from the Polish word for England, Anglia, with the word Brytyjczyk meaning Briton, from the Polish name for Britain. Derogatory or disdainful (or sometimes just funny or ironic) terms coined in recent years are Angol and Brytol however, due to negative connotations they are not used in formal writing or by the media or are  used in social media and various alternative sources with varied connotations.

In the Czech Republic the term Anglán is often used, which has the same roots as the Polish Anglik – the Czechs call England Anglie. This word carried no derogatory connotations. However, unlike the formal Angličan, it is not used by the press because of its informality.

In Hungary the English people are called angol or in plural angolok. England is called Anglia. British people in general are called brit or in plural britek but the term is less widespread. Great Britain is called Nagy-Britannia but the United Kingdom is called Egyesült Királyság.

Inselaffe / Insel-Affe
Inselaffe ("island ape") is a pejorative German term allegedly dating back to English scientists Darwin and Wallace's publications on evolution.

Rosbif/Rosbeef/Bife
The original explanation of the French term rosbif is that it referred to the English tradition of cooking roast beef, and especially to the song "The Roast Beef of Old England".

In Portugal, the term bife (literally meaning 'steak', but sounding like "beef") is used as a slang term to refer to the English. There is a feminine form, bifa, mainly used to refer to English female tourists in Portugal.

Les goddams
Les goddams (sometimes les goddems or les goddons ) is an obsolete ethnic slur historically used by the French to refer to the English, based on their frequent expletives. The name originated during the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) between England and France, when English soldiers achieved notoriety among the French for their frequent use of profanity and in particular the interjection "God damn".

Brittunculi
In one of the Vindolanda tablets from Hadrian's Wall the pejorative Latin word Brittunculi (wretched little brits).

Africa
Afrikaans speakers may use the term rooinek (literally 'red neck', another reference to sunburning) in reference to the British, or to White South Africans of British descent. During the Second Boer War, the British became known as khakis, in reference to the colour of their uniforms – which, by then, was no longer the red coats as those were unsuitable for the South African climate.

Another now largely archaic term used by Afrikaners to describe South Africans of British descent is soutie or soutpiel, meaning 'salty' or 'salty penis' respectively. The meaning behind this is that they have one foot in Britain and one foot in South Africa, leaving their penis to hang in the salty sea water.

In the East African Bantu languages mzungu has come to mean any white European but more often than not especially the British or English, due to their prior presence in the region.

Latin America
Argentinians use the Spanish term pirata (pirate) to pejoratively refer to the British, in reference to the longstanding Falklands dispute.

Middle East
During the British Mandate in Palestine, British troops of the 6th Airborne Division were often referred to as כלניות or Kalaniot, being Hebrew for Anemones, reflecting their red berets.

In Iraq, British occupying forces post WWI were known as “Abu Naji”

Indian subcontinent
In Hindi, Hindustani and Urdu the term Angrez is used to refer to the British. This word has its origin in Portuguese Inglês, meaning 'Englishman'. A derivative is the term Angrezan or Angrezni, meaning an Englishwoman. Among the Europeans, the Portuguese were the first to arrive in India. The influx of the Portuguese led to language contact between their tongue and the local languages. As a consequence of this, a Portuguese pidgin developed that served as the lingua franca.

The term Farangi (Franks) has been used in Persian language since the 13th century to refer to all Europeans, Western Europeans in particular. Hindustani/Hindi has adopted this word from Persian and it is used to refer to the Europeans in general (including the British).

The adjective Gora (Gori for females) is also commonly used amongst Britons with subcontinental roots to refer to white Britons, although the term literally translates to 'fair-skinned one', and thus could and is applied to individuals of any ethnicity with a fair complexion, including British Asians themselves. The adjective has also been used as a noun to describe white people – hence its potential usage as a racial slur.

In Nepal, the British are often referred to as Kuires/Khaires, which means 'people of white or pale colour'. It is also used in general for any European person with white skin.

Ingraj is used in Maharashtra (Marathi) and West Bengal (Bengali) in India to refer to British people.

Malayalis of Kerala use the term Sayyippu or Vellakkaran to refer to a male westerner.

In Assam (which became part of British India in 1828), the British are called Boga Bongal (literally meaning 'white foreigners' or 'white intruders').

In Tamil Nadu the Tamil word Vellaikaaran means 'white man' and usually refers to members of the British colonial government in the 18th to 19th century. It is used in the present day to refer anyone who is White with European origin; many rural Tamil villagers still believe that all Europeans are either British or of British descent.

Southeast Asia
In Malaysia, one common Malay equivalent is Mat Salleh. The term may have originated from the general depiction of Royal Navy sailors who were often drunk (Mad Sailors); due to the locals' unfamiliarity with English, it became corrupted as mat salleh (Mat and Salleh are both typical Malay names). Another possible origin of the phrase is the Mat Salleh Rebellion, led by North Borneo chief Mat Salleh, against the British North Borneo Company during the late 19th century. Another alternative to mat salleh is orang putih (literally 'white people' in Malay) or its shortened rural form, omputih. In ancient Malaccan times, the term orang deringgi was also used. Balanda from Hollander is another word from Malay used by Makassarese and in northern Australia.

In Thai, the word anggrit (อังกฤษ) is used to describe both the English in particular, and the British in general. In everyday speech the word Farang (ฝรั่ง) is usually used to describe British people as well as other light-skinned Europeans. Some foreigners regard this word as racist. In journalism, the expression puu dee (ผู้ดี) meaning 'nobleman' is sometimes used to denote 'English'.

Southeast Asian Hokkien and Teochew speakers also call the British ang mo (紅毛), which literally means 'red-haired'. The term was originally used to describe Dutch traders, but is now used for all white people.

East Asia
The following terms are used to mean 'Britain' or 'British' and use etymologies mostly unrelated to "Britain":
 * Chinese: Yīngguó (Simplified characters: 英国, Traditional characters: 英國)
 * Japanese: Eikoku (Kanji: 英国)
 * Korean: Yeongguk (Hangul: 영국, Hanja: 英國)
 * Vietnamese: Anh Quốc (Chữ nôm: 英國)

These terms are also used to refer to England in unofficial contexts. More formal names also exist, such as the Chinese 聯合王國 Liánhéwángguó and Japanese 連合王国 Rengōōkoku literally meaning 'United Kingdom'. Separate words exist in all of these languages for each of the constituent parts of the UK, including England, although, as elsewhere, there is little awareness of correct usage. The Chinese Dàbùlièdiān (Hanzi: 大不列颠) is used for historical purposes to mean 'Great Britain'. The first character means 'Great' and the other three have unrelated meanings, having been selected for the sound instead of meaning. In Chinese, yīngjílì (Simplified characters: 英吉利), a transliteration of English, is also used to refer Britain in general.

The Chinese Yīngguó, the Japanese Eikoku, and the Korean "Yeongguk" are all derived from the traditional Chinese characters 英国/國, where the first character 英 has no meaning in this context, although in Chinese, 英 is phonetically similar to "Eng", as in "England", and the second character 国 means 'country', 'nation', or 'kingdom'. While Korean is now written in the phonetic Hangul alphabet, when writing or using Chinese characters Koreans will use the traditional character for "kingdom," 國, rather than its simplified counterpart 国, which is in everyday use in China and Japan.

In Hong Kong, gweilo (pronounced [kʷɐ̌i lǒu])]] is a slang word to generally refer to white westerners. It has a history of racial degradation, however it can be used non-racially and more generally in modern Hong Kong. "Gwei" means ghost and "lo" means guy, referring to their pale skin.

In Japanese, the term Igirisu (Katakana: イギリス) is used interchangeably with Eikoku, but is considered slightly more foreign because it comes from the Portuguese word Inglês (English) – despite this origin, Igirisu refers to the United Kingdom as a whole, and not specifically to England, which is Ingurando (Katakana: イングランド) and so Igirisu is more commonly used.

Oceania
As with the South East Asian term Farangi and the Northern Australian term Balanda (see above), the Māori term Pākehā and general Polynesian term Palagi have been used generically for Europeans for many years; given that the predominant early European settlers in Australia, New Zealand and many Pacific islands spoke English, these terms are occasionally used specifically for English or British people. The Māori term for the English language, for instance, is Reo Pākehā.

Alternative names for English people

 * The Celtic languages of the British Isles use terms derived from Old English Seaxan, 'Saxon', possibly itself derived from Old English seax:
 * Scottish Gaelic: Sasannach, in older literature Sacsannach / Sagsananch; the English language is Beurla. Sassenach is still used by Scottish speakers of English and Scots to refer to English people, mostly negatively.
 * Cornish: Sows, plural Sowson; the English language is Sowsnek
 * Welsh: Sais, plural Saeson; the English language is Saesneg
 * Irish: Sasanach, historically also having the colloquial meaning "Protestant"; the language is Béarla, short for Sacs-Bhéarla "Saxon language"
 * Manx: Sostynagh, plural Sostynee; the English language is Baarle, from Irish
 * 'Southrons' – the historical Scots language name for the English, largely displaced since the eighteenth century by "Sassenachs".
 * 'Overner' – A term used by residents of the Isle of Wight to refer to people from the English mainland and elsewhere.
 * 'White settlers' is a term used by some Scottish and Welsh nationalist groups for English emigrants living in Scotland and Wales.

Alternative names for Scottish people

 * Jock (offensive)
 * Sweaty, rhyming slang (Sweaty Sock / Jock) (offensive)
 * Sawney (now obsolete)

Alternative names for Welsh people

 * Gog, person from North Wales (from the Welsh "gogledd": north)
 * Hwntw, person from South Wales (from the colloquial southern Welsh "hwnt" meaning "over there")
 * Taff (or taffy) from the Welsh name Dafydd

Alternative names for Northern-Irish people

 * Mick (offensive)
 * Norn Iron or Norn Irish – Northern Ireland and Northern Irish, respectively – derived from the pronunciation in the local accent.
 * Paddy (offensive)
 * Taig (offensive)
 * Fenian (offensive)
 * Hun (offensive term used for those who are ethnically British)

Regional alternative names
In most cases regional names are associated with those who speak with a specific regional accent, distinct to the area.
 * Appleknocker and Caulkhead – Isle of Wight
 * Brummie – Birmingham
 * Chissit – Leicester
 * Cockney – East London
 * Dumpling – Norfolk
 * Geordie – Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead
 * Jack – Swansea (possibly after Swansea Jack)
 * Janner – Plymouth
 * Jeelie or Jeelie eater – Vale of Leven
 * Lanky – Lancashire
 * Mackem – Sunderland
 * Manc – Manchester
 * Monkey hanger – Hartlepool
 * Moonraker - Wiltshire
 * Pie Eater – Wigan
 * Raddle Man – Rutland
 * Sand Dancer – South Tyneside
 * Scouser – Liverpool
 * Smoggie – Teesside
 * Stokie and Potter – Stoke-on-Trent
 * Tyke – Yorkshire
 * Weegie – Glasgow
 * Woolyback or "Wool" – Towns bordering Liverpool
 * Wurzel – South West England
 * Yam yam – Black Country
 * Yellowbelly – Lincolnshire
 * Yorkie – Yorkshire
 * Scum/Scummer & Skate – Southampton and Portsmouth respectively (offensive, originating from the South Coast Derby)

title: Glossary of names for the British


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Edward Abbey

Edward Paul Abbey (January 29, 1927 – March 14, 1989) was an American author and essayist noted for his advocacy of environmental issues, criticism of public land policies, and anarchist political views. His best-known works include the novel The Monkey Wrench Gang, which has been cited as an inspiration by radical environmental groups, and the non-fiction work Desert Solitaire.

Early life and education
Abbey was born in Indiana, Pennsylvania on January 29, 1927 to Mildred Postlewait and Paul Revere Abbey. Mildred was a schoolteacher and a church organist, and gave Abbey an appreciation for classical music and literature. Paul was a socialist, anarchist, and atheist whose views strongly influenced Abbey.

Abbey graduated from high school in Indiana, Pennsylvania, in 1945. Eight months before his 18th birthday, when he would be faced with being conscripted into the U.S. military, Abbey decided to explore the American southwest. He traveled by foot, bus, hitchhiking, and freight train hopping. During this trip he fell in love with the desert country of the Four Corners region. Abbey wrote: " [...] crags and pinnacles of naked rock, the dark cores of ancient volcanoes, a vast and silent emptiness smoldering with heat, color, and indecipherable significance, above which floated a small number of pure, clear, hard-edged clouds. For the first time, I felt I was getting close to the West of my deepest imaginings, the place where the tangible and the mythical became the same."

In the U.S. Army, Abbey had applied for a clerk typist position but instead he served two years as a military police officer in Italy. Abbey was promoted in the army twice but due to his knack for opposing authority, was twice demoted and was honorably discharged as a private. His experience in the military left him with a distrust for large institutions and regulations which influenced his writing throughout his career and strengthened his anarchist beliefs.

When he returned to the United States, Abbey took advantage of the G.I. Bill to attend the University of New Mexico, where he received a B.A. in philosophy and English in 1951, and a master's degree in philosophy in 1956. During his time in college, Abbey supported himself by working at a variety of odd jobs, including being a newspaper reporter and bartending in Taos, New Mexico. During this time he had few male friends but had intimate relationships with a number of women. Shortly before getting his bachelor's degree, Abbey married his first wife, Jean Schmechal (another UNM student). While an undergraduate, Abbey was the editor of a student newspaper in which he published an article titled "Some Implications of Anarchy". A cover quotation of the article, "ironically attributed to Louisa May Alcott" stated "Man will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest." University officials seized all of the copies of the issue, and removed Abbey from the editorship of the paper.

Upon receiving his honorable discharge papers, he sent it back to the department with the words "Return to Sender". The FBI took note and added a note to his file which was opened in 1947 when Edward Abbey committed an act of civil disobedience; he posted a letter while in college urging people to rid themselves of their draft cards. Abbey was on the FBI’s watch-list ever since then and was watched throughout his life. In 1952 Abbey wrote a letter against the draft in times of peace and again the FBI took notice writing, "Edward Abbey is against war and military." Throughout his life the FBI took notes building a profile on Abbey, observing his movements and interviewing many people who knew him. Towards the later parts of his life Abbey learned of the FBI’s interest in him and said "I’d be insulted if they weren’t watching me".

After graduating, Schmechal and Abbey traveled together to Edinburgh, Scotland, where Abbey spent a year at Edinburgh University as a Fulbright scholar. During this time, Abbey and Schmechal separated and ended their marriage. In 1951 Abbey began having an affair with Rita Deanin, who in 1952 would become his second wife after he and Schmechal divorced. Deanin and Abbey had two children, Joshua N. Abbey and Aaron Paul Abbey.

Abbey's master's thesis explored anarchism and the morality of violence, asking the two questions: "To what extent is the current association between anarchism and violence warranted?" and "In so far as the association is a valid one, what arguments have the anarchists presented, explicitly or implicitly, to justify the use of violence?". After receiving his master's degree, Abbey spent 1957 at Stanford University on a Wallace Stegner Creative Writing Fellowship.

Work for National Park Service
In 1956 and 1957, Abbey worked as a seasonal ranger for the United States National Park Service at Arches National Monument (now a national park), near the town of Moab, Utah. Abbey held the position from April to September each year, during which time he maintained trails, greeted visitors, and collected campground fees. He lived in a house trailer that had been provided to him by the Park Service, as well as in a ramada that he built himself. During his stay at Arches, Abbey accumulated a large volume of notes and sketches which later formed the basis of his first non-fiction work, Desert Solitaire. Abbey's second son Aaron was born in 1959, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

In the 1960s Abbey worked as a seasonal park ranger at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, on the border of Arizona and Mexico. In 1961, the movie version of his second novel, The Brave Cowboy, with screenplay by Dalton Trumbo, was being shot on location in New Mexico by Kirk Douglas who had purchased the novel's screen rights and was producing and starring in the film, released in 1962 as Lonely Are the Brave. Douglas once said that when Abbey visited the film set, he looked and talked so much like friend Gary Cooper that Douglas was disconcerted. However, over 25 years later when Abbey died, Douglas wrote that he had 'never met' him. In 1981, his third novel, Fire on the Mountain, was also adapted into a TV movie by the same title.

On October 16, 1965 Abbey married Judy Pepper, who accompanied Abbey as a seasonal park ranger in the Florida Everglades, and then as a fire lookout in Lassen Volcanic National Park. Judy was separated from Abbey for extended periods of time while she attended the University of Arizona to get her master's degree. During this time, Abbey slept with other women—something that Judy gradually became aware of, causing their marriage to suffer. On August 8, 1968 Pepper gave birth to a daughter, Susannah "Susie" Mildred Abbey. Ed purchased the family a home in Sabino Canyon, outside of Tucson. Judy died of leukemia on July 11, 1970, an event that crushed Abbey, causing him to go into "bouts of depression and loneliness" for years. It was to Judy that he dedicated his book Black Sun. However, the book was not an autobiographical novel about his relationship with Judy. Rather it was a story about a woman with whom Abbey had an affair in 1963. Abbey finished the first draft of Black Sun in 1968, two years before Judy died, and it was "a bone of contention in their marriage".

Desert Solitaire, Abbey's fourth book and first non-fiction work, was published in 1968. In it, he describes his stay in the canyon country of southeastern Utah from 1956 to 1957. Desert Solitaire is regarded as one of the finest nature narratives in American literature, and has been compared to Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac and Thoreau's Walden. In it, Abbey vividly describes the physical landscapes of Southern Utah and delights in his isolation as a backcountry park ranger, recounting adventures in the nearby canyon country and mountains. He also attacks what he terms the "industrial tourism" and resulting development in the national parks ("national parking lots"), rails against the Glen Canyon Dam, and comments on various other subjects. In 1973, Abbey married his fourth wife Renee Downing. However, Abbey was always gone so they divorced after four years of marriage.

Later life
Abbey met his fifth and final wife, Clarke Cartwright in 1978, and married her in 1982. Together they had two children, Rebecca Claire Abbey and Benjamin C. Abbey. In 1995, Abbey's granddaughter, Sophia Abbey-Kuipers, was born.

In 1984, Abbey went back to the University of Arizona to teach courses in creative writing and hospitality management. During this time, he continued working on his book Fool's Progress.

In July 1987, Abbey went to the Earth First! Rendezvous at the North Rim of the Grand Canyon. While there, he was involved in a heated debate over his views on immigration with an anarchist communist group known as Alien Nation. Abbey devoted an entire chapter in his book Hayduke Lives to the events that took place at the Rendezvous. In autumn of 1987, the Utne Reader published a letter by Murray Bookchin which claimed that Abbey, Garrett Hardin, and the members of Earth First! were racists and eco-terrorists. Abbey was extremely offended, and demanded a public apology, stating that he was neither racist nor a supporter of terrorism. All three of those Bookchin labelled "racist" opposed illegal immigration into the United States, contending that population growth would cause further harm to the environment. Regarding the accusation of "eco-terrorism", Abbey responded that the tactics he supported were trying to defend against the terrorism he felt was committed by government and industry against living beings and the environment.

Death and burial
Edward Abbey died on March 14, 1989, at the age of 62, in his home in Tucson, Arizona. His death was due to complications from surgery; he suffered four days of esophageal hemorrhaging due to esophageal varices, these often a consequence of portal hypertension, commonly due to cirrhosis. Showing his sense of humor, he left a message for anyone who asked about his final words: "No comment." Abbey also left instructions on what to do with his remains: Abbey wanted his body transported in the bed of a pickup truck, and wished to be buried as soon as possible. He did not want to be embalmed or placed in a coffin. Instead, he preferred to be placed inside of an old sleeping bag, and requested that his friends disregard all state laws concerning burial. "I want my body to help fertilize the growth of a cactus or cliff rose or sagebrush or tree." said the message. For his funeral, Abbey stated "No formal speeches desired, though the deceased will not interfere if someone feels the urge. But keep it all simple and brief." He requested gunfire and bagpipe music, a cheerful and raucous wake, " [a] nd a flood of beer and booze! Lots of singing, dancing, talking, hollering, laughing, and lovemaking."

A 2003 Outside article described how his friends honored his request:

"'The last time Ed smiled was when I told him where he was going to be buried,' says Doug Peacock, an environmental crusader in Edward Abbey's inner circle. On March 14, 1989, the day Abbey died from esophageal bleeding at 62, Peacock, along with his friend Jack Loeffler, his father-in-law Tom Cartwright, and his brother-in-law Steve Prescott, wrapped Abbey's body in his blue sleeping bag, packed it with dry ice, and loaded Cactus Ed into Loeffler's Chevy pickup. After stopping at a liquor store in Tucson for five cases of beer, and some whiskey to pour on the grave, they drove off into the desert. The men searched for the right spot the entire next day and finally turned down a long rutted road, drove to the end, and began digging. That night they buried Ed and toasted the life of America's prickliest and most outspoken environmentalist."

Abbey's body was buried in the Cabeza Prieta Desert in Pima County, Arizona, where "you'll never find it." The friends carved a marker on a nearby stone, reading:

EDWARD PAUL ABBEY 1927–1989 No Comment

In late March, about 200 friends of Abbey's gathered near the Saguaro National Monument near Tucson and held the wake he requested. A second, much larger wake was held in May, just outside his beloved Arches National Park, with such notables as Terry Tempest Williams and Wendell Berry speaking.

Abbey is survived by two daughters, Susannah and Becky; and three sons, Joshua, Aaron and Benjamin.

Documentaries

 * Wrenched, by Jerome filmmaker ML Lincoln is a 2013 documentary film that picks up where Edward Abbey's iconic novel The Monkey Wrench Gang left off, chronicling Abbey's legacy of environmental civil disobedience. This was originally called ''Lines Across the Sand'.
 * Edward Abbey: A Voice in the Wilderness is a 1993 award-winning PBS documentary by Eric Temple.
 * The Cracking of Glen Canyon Damn—with Edward Abbey and Earth First! (1982) captured the legendary first action of radical desert rats when they dropped a 300-foot long black plastic "crack" over the dam and called poetically for its demise. Produced by Toby McLeod, Glenn Switkes and Randy Hayes.

Literature
Abbey's literary influences included Aldo Leopold, Henry David Thoreau, Gary Snyder, Peter Kropotkin, and A. B. Guthrie, Jr. Although often compared to authors like Thoreau or Aldo Leopold, Abbey did not wish to be known as a nature writer, saying that he didn't understand "why so many want to read about the world out-of-doors, when it's more interesting simply to go for a walk into the heart of it." The theme that most interested Abbey was that of the struggle for personal liberty against the totalitarian techno-industrial state, with wilderness being the backdrop in which this struggle took place. Most of Abbey's writing criticizes the park services and American society for its reliance on motor vehicles and technology. He wanted to preserve the wilderness as a refuge for humans and believed that modernization was making us forget what was truly important in life.

Regarding his writing style, Abbey states: "I write in a deliberately provocative and outrageous manner because I like to startle people. I hope to wake up people. I have no desire to simply soothe or please. I would rather risk making people angry than putting them to sleep. And I try to write in a style that's entertaining as well as provocative. It's hard for me to stay serious for more than half a page at a time." Abbey felt that it was the duty of all authors to "speak the truth--especially unpopular truth. Especially truth that offends the powerful, the rich, the well-established, the traditional, the mythic".

Abbey's abrasiveness, opposition to anthropocentrism, and outspoken writings made him the object of much controversy. Agrarian author Wendell Berry claimed that Abbey was regularly criticized by mainstream environmental groups because Abbey often advocated controversial positions that were very different from those which environmentalists were commonly expected to hold.

Abbey has also drawn criticism for what some regard as his racist and sexist views. In an essay called "Immigration and Liberal Taboos", collected in his 1988 book One Life at a Time, Please, Abbey expressed his opposition to immigration ("legal or illegal, from any source") into the United States: "(I)t occurs to some of us that perhaps ever-continuing industrial and population growth is not the true road to human happiness, that simple gross quantitative increase of this kind creates only more pain, dislocation, confusion and misery. In which case it might be wise for us as American citizens to consider calling a halt to the mass influx of even more millions of hungry, ignorant, unskilled, and culturally-morally-genetically impoverished people. At least until we have brought our own affairs into order. Especially when these uninvited millions bring with them an alien mode of life which—let us be honest about this—is not appealing to the majority of Americans. Why not? Because we prefer democratic government, for one thing; because we still hope for an open, spacious, uncrowded, and beautiful—yes, beautiful!—society, for another. The alternative, in the squalor, cruelty, and corruption of Latin America, is plain for all to see."

It is often stated that Abbey's works played a significant role in precipitating the creation of Earth First!. The Monkey Wrench Gang inspired environmentalists frustrated with mainstream environmentalist groups and what they saw as unacceptable compromises. Earth First! was formed as a result in 1980, advocating eco-sabotage or "monkeywrenching." Although Abbey never officially joined the group, he became associated with many of its members, and occasionally wrote for the organization

Fiction

 * Jonathan Troy (1954) (ISBN 1-131-40684-2)
 * The Brave Cowboy (1956) (ISBN 0-8263-0448-6)
 * Fire on the Mountain (1962) (ISBN 0-8263-0457-5)
 * Black Sun (1971) (ISBN 0-88496-167-2)
 * The Monkey Wrench Gang (1975) (ISBN 0-397-01084-2)
 * Good News (1980) (ISBN 0-525-11583-8)
 * The Fool's Progress (1988) (ISBN 0-8050-0921-3)
 * Hayduke Lives (1990) (ISBN 0-316-00411-1)
 * Earth Apples: The Poetry of Edward Abbey (1994) (ISBN 0-312-11265-3)

Non-fiction

 * Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness (1968) (ISBN 0-8165-1057-1)
 * Appalachian Wilderness (1970)
 * Slickrock (1971) (ISBN 0-87156-051-8)
 * Cactus Country (1973)
 * The Journey Home (1977) (ISBN 0-525-13753-X)
 * The Hidden Canyon (1977)
 * Abbey's Road (1979) (ISBN 0-525-05006-X)
 * Desert Images (1979)
 * Down the River (with Henry Thoreau & Other Friends) (1982) (ISBN 0-525-09524-1)
 * In Praise of Mountain Lions (1984)
 * Beyond the Wall (1984) (ISBN 0-03-069299-7)
 * One Life at a Time, Please (1988) (ISBN 0-8050-0602-8)
 * A Voice Crying in the Wilderness: Notes from a Secret Journal (1989)
 * Confessions of a Barbarian: Selections from the Journals of Edward Abbey, 1951–1989 (1994) (ISBN 0-316-00415-4)

Letters

 * Cactus Chronicles  published by Orion Magazine, Jul–Aug 2006 (no longer active,)
 * Postcards from Ed (book)|Postcards from Ed: Dispatches and Salvos from an American Iconoclast (2006) (ISBN 1-57131-284-6)

Anthologies

 * Slumgullion Stew: An Edward Abbey Reader (1984)
 * The Best of Edward Abbey (1984)
 * The Serpents of Paradise: A Reader (1995)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Edward Abbey


text:
Talk:Guernsey

Etymology
"Guern" resembles the Spanish Cuerno and means horns. It's difficult to see the relevance of this information. If the name is of Norse origin as stated, it is definitely not a cognate of the spanish cuerno, which means that the two words just happen to be somewhat similar and have the same meaning. That's hardly relevant for the etymology so I propose to delete it. Does anyone know the actual (proposed) etymology of the name? --Thathánka Íyotake (talk) 01:23, 15 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I had one suggestion but it was deleted after one minute by some overenthusiastic sheriff who was of the opinion that no etymologies should appear in the whole Wikipedia, because they are no facts, only possibilities.80.223.214.125 (talk) 19:14, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Please give your idea here in order to discuss it. Actually the second part of the name clearly is norman. But the first part probably is not. Usually you have to use the first language spoken, which on the channel islands is megalithic, whatever this language was. Try something like "west" and for Sark "east". And for Jersey something like "mountain", since the highest elevation of the channel islands is on Jersey.

 * I'm happy to listen to your suggestion. Personally I think "Guern" is simply an abbreviation of 'Guernsey person'. It is how locals use it. The alternative Donkey is used, with a lot of pride, the name applied to "Guerns" by Crapauds (Jersey people). Crapaud meaning toad, which exist on that island, but not on Guernsey. Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 19:42, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Please see WP:V. Kendall-K1 (talk) 20:07, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
 * usage of work 'Guern' use of 'Crapaud' use of 'donkey' Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 08:16, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Guernsey. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130603001541/http://icc.cricket.org/icc-news/content/story/220287.html to http://icc.cricket.org/icc-news/content/story/220287.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:50, 26 August 2015 (UTC)

Hotel list
I don't think we need a list of all the hotels in Guernsey. See WP:NOTGUIDE: "Wikipedia is not the place to recreate content more suited to entries in hotel or culinary guides, travelogues, and the like. Notable locations may meet the inclusion criteria, but the resulting articles need not include every tourist attraction, restaurant, hotel or venue, etc." Kendall-K1 (talk) 17:37, 10 December 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree.
 * Our sister Wikivoyage project would love that stuff, though... BushelCandle (talk) 23:24, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Major misconceptions - "Guernsey" and "the Bailiwick of Guernsey" are not coterminous.
There are several major misconceptions in the article - these should probably be improved by the creation of separate pages for Guernsey, and the Bailiwick of Guernsey which need serious disambiguation.

It is Guernsey (which consists of the Island of Guernsey and several smaller islets) which is a Crown Dependency, and NOT the Bailiwick, which consists of three Crown Dependencies (Guernsey, Alderney and Sark) each of which are independent and have their own legislature, government and separate legal systems.

The Chief Minister is NOT part of the Government of the Bailiwick - just of Guernsey.

The States of Guernsey is NOT what is shown on the map. This is an outsider's mistranslation of the word "States". There are no 'states' in the Channel Islands -- the governmental (formerly religious) administrative sub-division is along parish lines. In fact Les Etats (as the original Norman French) refers to people not geography. Under no circumstances is Alderney a "State of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"!!!!

It refers to the people who make up the government in each Island - it formerly comprised elements from each of the judicial, executive and legislative branches, but successive reforms have taken it closer and closer to a Westminster model.

So the expression "States of Guernsey" or "States of Alderney" refers either to the legislature (which meets monthly) or to the administration. (The equivalent term in Sark is 'Chief Pleas').

How do we go about improving this current situation?

(PS: when referring to a Channel Island Bailiwick, convention is that is always capitalised to distinguish it from the figurative use of the term - as in "Sark is a member of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"

as opposed to:

"The health inspector declined to get involved, saying the establishment was not part of his bailiwick" (figurative) "Glue records are needed when the nameservers are in-bailiwick" (technical, IT)"

PPS: I live here!

Nigelroberts (talk) 08:44, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I agree with most of what you say, however you also have the position where the name Guernsey is used for the collective name of all Islands in the Bailiwick of Guernsey..... especially in the media, although there are other examples, for instance the Guernsey Financial Services Commission is responsible for regulating all bailiwick islands, not just the Island of Guernsey. You also have the Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey who is actually the governor of the whole Bailiwick, but is never referred to as such. Alderney became legally part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey in 1948.

 * Does the "States of Guernsey" legislate over the other bailiwick islands ?
 * The États de Guernesey can pass legislation that apply to Alderney e.g.
 * The Alderney (Application of Legislation) (Food and Drugs) Ordinance, 1996
 * The Alderney (Application of Legislation) (Health Service) (Benefit) (Amendment) Ordinance, 1997
 * The Alderney (Application of Legislation) (Child Protection) Ordinance, 2000
 * as well as Alderney passing their own legislation.
 * Then there are bailiwick laws such as:
 * European Communities (Implementation) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1994
 * The Human Rights (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2000
 * Data Protection (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2001
 * which could also be applicable to Sark

 * The info box map commentary is certainly wrong, it should be the bailiwick (I have changed it). Or one should change to a map of just Guernsey, which I think is better as there is a bailiwick map lower down.

 * I disagree that it is Guernsey that is the Crown Dependancy, I have always believed it to be the Bailiwick, as does the UK government. Fact sheet

 * The article does need a tidy up.

 * You can work out where I live from my user name!
 * User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 10:10, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I know very little about Guernsey. The confusion starts right in the first paragraph: "Guernsey embraces not only all ten parishes on the island of Guernsey..." OK, so Guernsey embraces Guernsey? Wait, the name refers to both some kind of a political division and to an island of the same name? Then we've got this: "Together, the Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey form the geographical grouping known as the Channel Islands." So now I don't know whether Guernsey is a political division, an island, or a geographical grouping of islands. I think I got it mostly figured out now, but the first paragraph, or at least the lede, should explain this more clearly from the very start. Kendall-K1 (talk) 20:38, 5 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I think I see your problem. "Guernsey" (and I am only referring to the place between France and England).....is a place.... and a country.... and part of Europe.... and an independent state.... and a crown dependency.... and an island.... and part of an area (within the Bailiwick of Guernsey) .... and a collection of Parishes.... and is used as an abbreviation when one should really refer to the Bailiwick.... and sometimes said, wrongly, to be part of the United Kingdom.... and in the British Isles (sometimes)..... and a knitted sweater... and a breed of cow ..... and part of the Third Reich (for 5 years) .... and part of the lands of the Duke of Normandy (for 1,083 years) .... and a postal zone.... and according to some, a tax haven.... and a participant in the commonwealth games.... and a member of the British–Irish Council.... it can be spelt in several ways, english..... french..... old french......and in patois... and after a campaign, was recognised by facebook as a place..... and the old name for the place, which may be the Roman name, is "Sarnia".

 * Guernsey is not a sovereign state.... nor part of the United Kingdom.... nor part of Great Britain ..... nor part of the European Union .... nor part of the Commonwealth of Nations..... nor a member of the United Nations..... nor part of NATO..... and is most certainly not part of England, which we conquered in 1066 !      ha ha !

 * I will have a read of the article afresh and see whether I can make it clearer.
 * User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 23:55, 5 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey are NOT the same. The existing article is almost a pure Guernsey island page. There should be a Bailiwick of Guernsey page. I will write one for the Bailiwick, it will take a week.
 * User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 12:00, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I'm not convinced we need two separate articles, but I'm not volunteering to do the work so anything you can accomplish would be good. Kendall-K1 (talk) 12:39, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I'll post the draft on this talk page, so we can have a chat about it.
 * User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 13:10, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

 * The article here is written as though it is Guernsey the Island but framed in a cover that it is the Bailiwick of Guernsey.
 * Looking at the information box there are several items that are wrong :-

 * The Bailiwick does not have a flag - the flag depicted is Guernsey Island, Alderney and Sark have their own flags
 * The Coat of Arms is also not, to my knowledge, the coat of arms of the Bailiwick, as the Bailiwick does not have one, this is Guernsey Island, Alderney and Sark have their own.
 * Sarnia Cherie is the anthem, but that is the anthem of Guernsey Island. See Alderney which does not list Sarnia Cherie.
 * The map shows the Bailiwick of Guernsey
 * Status, Crown dependency is correct for the Bailiwick, but not for Guernsey Island unless one says Part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey

(British crown dependency) as it says on Alderney and Sark pages.
 * Languages correct for the Bailiwick, not for the Island as it lists Alderney and Sark languages.
 * Government - the Bailiwick does not have a government, the three jurisdictions within it, each have their own governments.
 * The Lieutenant Governor is LG of the Bailiwick, so is also the LG of each island.
 * Saying the chief minister is the head of the government of the Bailiwick is incorrect, he is the CM of Guernsey island.
 * The liberation day of 9 May is the date for Guernsey, not Sark (10th) or Alderney (16th).
 * British Crown Dependency is correct for the Bailiwick, Guernsey is part of a British Crown Dependency, but not one in itself.

 * Now looking at the article:-
 * Etymology - applicable to both
 * History - almost entirely the history of the Island, no mention of Alderney or Sark
 * Politics - as the Bailiwick has no government the politics are of Guernsey Island and no mention of Alderney or Sark politics
 * Legal system - only covers Guernsey Island
 * External relations - a mixture or applicable to both
 * Geography - only covers Guernsey Island
 * Parishes - only relates to Guernsey Island
 * Economy - only relates to Guernsey Island
 * Transport - 99% Guernsey Island
 * Demographics - 95% Guernsey Island
 * Emergency services - all Guernsey Island
 * Education - Guernsey island
 * Culture - Guernsey Island
 * Sport - 98% Guernsey island
 * People from or associated with Guernsey - list includes people from all Islands so is Bailiwick based

 * There are almost no links to Alderney or Sark pages.

 * Do I get the impression it was written for Guernsey Island and that someone has tried to change it into the Bailiwick ?

 * I would propose returning the page to being Guernsey, the island and creating a new page for the Bailiwick.

 * I have drafted a new proposed page:

Proposed new page

 * Talk:Guernsey/draft

 * If anyone wants to compare to Jersey.... then because the Bailiwick of Jersey does not include any other jurisdictions - it is technically wrong, but could be included in the one article.
 * User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 17:10, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks for doing this. I have taken the extreme liberty of moving the content to a new subpage, as I find it very confusing to have the whole thing here. If you think I have overstepped the bounds of decency then by all means please revert me. Kendall-K1 (talk) 17:37, 7 January 2016 (UTC)
 * No thats fine, it is easier seeing it complete.User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 10:50, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I gave it a once-over, and it's much clearer than what we have now. Given that there are already articles for the islands of Alderney and Sark, I withdraw my concerns about making the island and the bailiwick into two articles; this appears to be the best way to do this. Kendall-K1 (talk) 13:29, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'll leave it as a proposal till the end of the month in case anyone else wants to comment. User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 13:30, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

So it's more complicated than I thought. For example, Herm is part of the bailiwick of Guernsey and the "jurisdiction" (is that the right word?) of Guernsey but obviously not part of the island of Guernsey. Sark is part of the bailiwick but not part of the jurisdiction. Kendall-K1 (talk) 17:13, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I was thinking of Jurisdiction in the legal sense, where a court can try cases and rule on legal matters within a particular geographic area. There are three governments and three courts (GY-AY-SK) and therefore three legal jurisdictions. The geographic area over which authority extends. Yes, Herm falls under the legal jurisdiction of Guernsey (island). Sark is its own jurisdiction. Ref  uses the term. User:Ânes-pur-sàng (talk) 17:30, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Article now published Bailiwick of Guernsey Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 16:05, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Ânes-pur-sàng, this should have been the other way round. A new article split off for the island, covering it specifically. This article covers the whole Bailiwick throughout... You could crudely copy and paste everything and write a new article here for the island, but that would be very problematic. Instead, I advise you just revert the split, create a new article at Guernsey (island), then move this page to "Bailiwick of Guernsey" and then Guernsey (island) to "Guernsey". BTW I am not recommending. This needs to be done, the mess this has caused is going to take too much time to clean up. All the links that need to be corrected, the loss of history of the page, etc.. Sorry. Please sort this out. If not, I will... when I have time. Rob984 (talk) 00:52, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Since there have been so few edit, I have went ahead and just reverted back. Please create Guernsey (island) first. Sorry I didn't see the move earlier. Rob984 (talk) 00:57, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I disagree, the Guernsey article had almost no content that related to Alderney or Sark. I agree that most of the history of Guernsey is also the history of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, but not all and those other items were missing from this article, as they are in the pages for Alderney and Sark. The information box does not apply to the Bailiwick as there is no chief minister of the Bailiwick for instance. The articles talk about the parishes of Guernsey, with no mention of Alderney or Sark parishes, The legal system only talks about Guernsey not Alderney or Sark, that is because the Bailiwick does not have any laws of its own, the economy and taxation only refer to Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Guernsey does not have any taxation as it has no parliament and no legislature etc etc. I have no idea who wrote the original article, but I presume it was meant for Guernsey the island, all I have done is created one for the Bailiwick as one did not exist. When it comes down to it, if this was supposed to be about the Bailiwick of Guernsey, rather than Guernsey, why was it not called Bailiwick of Guernsey ? Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 01:12, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It doesn't really matter. The fact is the topical scope was the whole Bailiwick, and you are splitting out a sub-topic. Furthermore, links need to be dealt with, and Wikimedia projects are interconnected via Wikidata. Before you can move Guernsey (island) to "Guernsey", you would have to correct all links for Bailiwick of Guernsey which are currently going to "Guernsey". So this simply cannot be done in one step. If you are correct, then you will be able to copy all the relevant content to a new article and essentially rewrite this one—which is perfectly fine. I have no problem fundamentally with what you are trying to do.
 * If you create Guernsey (island), you will need to follow these steps:
 * First create the article, possibly copy content with attribution, ie "Copied content from Guernsey" in the edit summary (it doesn't matter that the article will be later moved since it is dated)
 * Move Guernsey to "Bailiwick of Guernsey", and leave the redirect from "Guernsey" to Bailiwick of Guernsey
 * Begin rewriting Bailiwick of Guernsey
 * Disambiguate all links to "Guernsey"—either to the Bailiwick of Guernsey or Guernsey (island)
 * Once complete, move Guernsey (island) to Guernsey
 * I know it is a pain and I think a bot can help clean up the links but it has to be done this way.
 * Rob984 (talk) 01:46, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Rob984: You have admitted that you have no special expertise or knowledge about the Bailiwick of Guernsey so please stop messing about with the work of editors like User:Ânes-pur-sàng that both live in the Jurisdiction and the Bailiwick and the island of Guernsey itself. Please take your ownership issues elsewhere.

There was no previous history that needed to be 'preserved' at Bailiwick of Guernsey that passed the threshold of originality for copyright purposes before this edit which turned a re-direct into a stub.

The article that was previously called just Guernsey was really about the Jurisdiction of Guernsey and I cannot understand exactly why you keep muddying the waters by edits like changing Jurisdiction of Guernsey back to the confusingly named Guernsey and this edit which destroyed a perfectly good developing article about the whole ''Bailiwick of Guernsey.

Before you buggered it up with your multiple reverts and re-directs the disambiguation page of Guernsey (disambiguation) summed up things reasonably lucidly: BushelCandle (talk) 21:32, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 7 February 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: The proposal has been withdrawn. SarahSV (talk) 22:30, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

Guernsey → Bailiwick of Guernsey – Following creation of new article Guernsey (island), this article should be moved to Bailiwick of Guernsey; since the "Guernsey" refers predominately to the island, and "Bailiwick of Guernsey" is a more precise and less ambiguous title for this article. Then, after links are cleaned up, either Guernsey (island) or Guernsey (disambiguation) can be moved to "Guernsey". Rob984 (talk) 11:49, 7 February 2016 (UTC) Edit: Withdrawn proposal following my failed attempt at reorganisation (of which this was part of), although I wont close the thread since the discussion below seems to be on how to reorganise from now. Rob984 (talk) 21:53, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Contrary to our usual 'common English names' names policy, there should be NO article entitled simply 'Guernsey'. 'Guernsey' should be(come) a redirect to the disambiguation page referring to (at least) two separate and distinct articles: Guernsey (island) and Bailiwick of Guernsey. BushelCandle (talk) 12:48, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It's now become much clearer to me that 'Guernsey' should be moved to 'Jurisdiction of Guernsey' - but NOT over a redirect since there should then be a new re-direct from a new page of 'Guernsey' which redirects to 'Guernsey (disambiguation)'. That means that we end up with THREE substantive articles with Guernsey in their titles: Bailiwick of Guernsey, Guernsey (island) (a new article) and Jurisdiction of Guernsey which will be the old article renamed and modified but edit history preserved. BushelCandle (talk) 21:50, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

 * There is currently an article at Bailiwick of Guernsey. It seems somebody has made a mess of this. Srnec (talk) 16:49, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

 * BushelCandle created that after I deleted it. BushelCandle, if you want "Guernsey" to be a disambiguation page then AFTER this requested move you could request Guernsey (disambiguation) is moved to "Guernsey". You can't change this page to a new disambiguation page, as the history for both Bailiwick of Guernsey and Guernsey (disambiguation) would be lost. Jesus. I am only carrying out damage control and have no view on what the primary topic of "Guernsey" is. Rob984 (talk) 18:52, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

 * BushelCandle you have lost the plot. There is no consensus for three articles, and definitely no consensus for that name change which I will revert. You cannot start renaming articles unilaterally and I WILL report you if you do so again. That said, I give up trying to clean up this mess. Rob984 (talk) 20:54, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Can I clarify what you meant to communicate here, Rob:
 * Are you promising to go away and stop causing unnecessary confusion when you write "I give up" or are you so incorrigible that you will flout the opinion of those editors here that have already tried to explain to you the difference between the island, the jurisdiction (includes Herm, Lihou, Jethou, etc) and the Bailiwick of GG (includes 2 other jurisdictions of Alderney and Sark) and then report yourself for 3RR just to score a point or two ??? BushelCandle (talk) 21:56, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Mmmm, I see that you are now claiming at Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents#Mess_at_Guernsey_with_one_editor_unilaterally_moving, creating, and_mass-editing_articles that "it was agreed to split the article into two". I don't see that agreement. I do see you making a claim that it had to be done that way, but I clearly disagreed above and I don't see anyone at all yet that supports your changing the developing article about the Bailiwick of Guernsey back into a plain (but extremely confusing) redirect. BushelCandle (talk) 22:24, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I also think you were a bit quick with your template about your proposal. It would have been better, in my opinion, to run your "split in 2" proposal up the flagpole first and see if there was any support for it before you bring out the 'template big guns' to give a spurious sense of consensus and authority. BushelCandle (talk) 22:29, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Well now I'm confused again. I still don't see how an island can "embrace" other islands. Unless there is a lake on the island, with islands in that lake, but I don't think that's the case here. Kendall-K1 (talk) 21:07, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

 * In my view, the confusion has been caused by Rob984 who admitted that he had no special expertise or knowledge about the Bailiwick of Guernsey and should have listened to editors like User:Nigelroberts and User:Ânes-pur-sàng that both live in the Jurisdiction and the Bailiwick and the island of Guernsey itself unless he had a consensus to do such damage. I've seen him in action on other articles where he tries to preserve an erroneous status quo ante by destructive and multiple reverts. Please take your ownership issues elsewhere where you may have a bit more knowledge, Rob!
 * There was no previous history that needed to be 'preserved' at Bailiwick of Guernsey that passed the threshold of originality for copyright purposes before this edit which turned a thirteen-year old re-direct into much more than just a stub article.

 * The article that was previously called just Guernsey was really about the Jurisdiction of Guernsey and I cannot understand exactly why Rob keeps muddying the waters by edits like changing Jurisdiction of Guernsey back to the confusingly named Guernsey and this edit which destroyed a perfectly good developing article about the whole ''Bailiwick of Guernsey.

 * Before Rob buggered it up with multiple reverts and re-directs the disambiguation page of Guernsey (disambiguation) summed up things reasonably lucidly:
 * BushelCandle (talk)

 * I fully agree that Rob984 has messed things up however he says it has rolled away from him and he has sent me a message saying he has withdrawn and is sorry.

 * It is not necessary to have an article of Guernsey (island) - looking at the article under this name that Rob984 has created I would point out the following is wrong or useless - (1) Introduction - The Island is NOT divided into 10 parishes, it is the Jurisdiction of Guernsey that is divided into 10, the islands of Lihou, Herm and Brechou are included in parishes. (2) History - There is nothing new in the section that is not also in the Jurisdiction and the Bailiwick, in fact some of the section is about the Bailiwick, not the Island. (3) Politics - WRONG - The Island has no politics itself, it is the jurisdiction that has politics, as people on Herm, Jethou and Lihou have a vote. (4) Geography - OK, but nothing new that is not in the jurisdiction.  (5) Parishes - WRONG - As explained above it is the jurisdiction that is split into parishes (6) Tourism - OK, but nothing new that is not in the jurisdiction. (7) Transport - Refers to Bailiwick transport both in paragraph and in the (see also) and nothing new that is not in the jurisdiction.  (8) Demographics - These are for the jurisdiction  as no adjustment has been done to remove the island of Herm, Brechou or Lihou populations, again nothing new that is not in the jurisdiction. (9) Emergency services - OK again nothing new that is not in the jurisdiction. (10) Education - The section includes all schools in the Bailiwick, not just the island again nothing new that is not in the jurisdiction. (11) Culture and Sport, apply to the jurisdiction not the island and refers to the bailiwick.
 * Looking at the article Guernsey It says it is the a crown dependency and has a chief minister. That cannot be, as the Bailiwick is the Crown Dependency and the Jurisdiction of Guernsey has a Chief Minister.

 * There is nothing materially different between the island of Guernsey and the Jurisdiction of Guernsey that warrants two articles, one covering the Jurisdiction is perfectly adequate, however it should cover the Jurisdiction rather than just the island, otherwise you must omit the courts, the parliament and all the government issues. I oppose the creation of a Guernsey Island page, lets just keep the Guernsey Jurisdiction page.

 * I believe it is necessary to have an article on the Bailiwick of Guernsey, which is why I wrote it. As was hidden, having been turned into a redirect. I have put it back to the original article so people can read what the Bailiwick actually is, and see it is very different to Guernsey the Island or Jurisdiction.

 * Lets just put it all back as it was and lets get on with creating something in Wikipedia. Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 09:29, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose. What a mess. The only thing I can think of that would be worse than having three articles with largely duplicated content would be to have Guernsey as a dab page, meaning that readers would have to pick through a list of articles like Guernsey (island), Jurisdiction of Guernsey, and Bailiwick of Guernsey to find the content they want. We need to have one article containing the bulk of the content for readers who type in Guernsey and expect to find useful information. The current article makes the most sense as it's the broadest in scope. This is how we do it with other island nations and territories that also contain outlying islands: Jamaica, Greenland, Madagascar, Ireland, etc. If we need content forks, we can fork them off from here. However, we shouldn't just create forks just to create them, as seems to have been done with some of the new articles.--Cúchullain t/ c 15:14, 8 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Cuchullain. A total mess.  Lugnuts  Dick Laurent is dead 19:07, 8 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment: proposal withdrawn, see thread below. Rob984 (talk) 22:03, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Continuing discussion
I agree with Ânes-pur-sàng, that one article on both the Jurisdiction of Guernsey and island of Guernsey should exist and be titled "Guernsey", while a separate article on the Bailiwick of Guernsey should also exist. Cúchullain has expressed a different view, and opposes moving the Bailiwick away from the title "Guernsey". And others have expressed views different to both of these. So we need to come to some kind of consensus. Right now the discussion is fragmented across multiple articles and multiple threads in this article. I think we should have a centralised discussion here. Rob984 (talk) 22:02, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

 * We've already got articles for Alderney and Sark, and it seems confusing to me that we put information about Guernsey (the island and jurisdiction) in to the article about the Bailiwick just because they share a name. It would be like trying to merge NYC in with New York State. I'm afraid I may have triggered this entire mess when I asked for clarification about what exactly "Guernsey" is, because the article at the time didn't make it clear, and I honestly didn't know and couldn't figure it out from what was published at WP. I was quite happy with Ânes-pur-sàng's reorganization, which made a lot of sense to me. Kendall-K1 (talk) 22:23, 8 February 2016 (UTC)
 * If someone can draw the appropriate Euler diagram, that might help you understand things in a flash. Meanwhile think of the Bailiwick of Guernsey article standing in a similar relationship to Guernsey as the United Kingdom stands to England. You wouldn't expect too much detail about Scotland and Wales in the England article, would you? However you would expect considerably more detail about Scotland and Wales (as well as England) in the UK article, eh? BushelCandle (talk) 01:12, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Cuchullain can speak for himself, but the way I read his comment above is that he is against a proliferation of articles and against "Guernsey" leading to a disambiguation page. He also makes the cogent point that duplication of the same material should be avoided.
 * I have no problem with keeping and developing both the article and the content entitled Bailiwick of Guernsey for the reasons so comprehensively explained by User:Ânes-pur-sàng above.
 * if we can agree on his 'two articles about Guernsey' model then we just have to beef up the Sark and Alderney articles a bit by transferring some remaining material from Guernsey and make sure that Guernsey doesn't deteriorate again into including material more properly included at Bailiwick of Guernsey and muddying the distinction between the Jurisdiction and the Bailiwick.
 * Oops, I nearly forgot: the article that Rob created entitled Guernsey (island) will need to be deleted...BushelCandle (talk) 01:04, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I agree with most of what is said, delete Guernsey island article and keep the other two.
 * Can I make the point that very few people know what the Bailiwick of Guernsey is, 99.9% of readers will look up Guernsey and expect the majority of information about history, geography, travel, tourism, etc to be located there, and to be honest, most of these subjects are bound to Guernsey. I'm not saying it is right, it is just the way the world works.
 * It may not be worth while making the Bailiwick article duplicate whatever is in Guernsey, it leads to more maintenance work and long term may be best, if it is considered essential, to keep it very short and refer to the respective sections in articles Guernsey, Alderney and Sark for more information.
 * A number of sub articles are written about the Channel Islands, therefore including Jersey, these are mainly history based articles and are written as such because the subject needs to be read as a whole to understand them. The Bailiwick could, if essential, refer to the sub articles as a (see also), however you can always get to them through the Guernsey article.
 * This would also help because I would not like to bury the key points that made the Bailiwick, i.e. don't hide these in the history of the fishing industry of the islands off north america, or the gaming industry on Alderney.
 * - Maybe my thoughts are based more along the line that the 3 jurisdictions, which each have their own parliaments, direct their own destinies. The United Kingdom comment is relevant but bear in mind that the UK has its own parliament (it happens to be the same as England) and therefore controls its own destiny. It might be better to compare the discussion to Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands which have their own parliaments and major articles, which are not duplicated in the Benelux article, Benelux just explaining what it is and how it was created. Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 07:47, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

 * The Bailiwick of Guernsey does function as a single territory in international matters. It seems to me like it is comparable to a very decentralised federation, such as Switzerland or Belgium. Is the whole Bailiwick also the responsibility of the States of Guernsey Police Service? Also the Guernsey Border Agency? I assume visa and citizenship law are Bailiwick-wide matters? Rob984 (talk) 11:14, 9 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The Bailiwick does not function as a single territory in international matters as it has no parliament and no civil service. That is the duty of the Bailiff, as the legal head of the Bailiwick, who exercises it through the Guernsey parliament.
 * International bodies tend to refer to just "Guernsey" when they really mean the Bailiwick or the Jurisdiction or just the Island. They are probably just as confused as the rest of us.
 * It is not like a federation as in Belgium and Switzerland, those two have representatives in a government of their countries.
 * For practical purposes Guernsey supplies police officers to Alderney on rotation, I think it is some of the powers moved from Alderney to Guernsey in 1947 and on odd occasions to Sark, Sark has its own Constable who only needs help on a few days in the summer. The Border Agency looks after the Bailiwick waters as it is also linked to fishery protection of Bailiwick waters.
 * A person born or who has lived in Alderney or Sark, does not have an automatic right to live and work in Guernsey, many are treated the same as a Jersey, UK other European person. Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 15:01, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

Area and length of coast
I'm not sure where the geography section gets the information about the area of land.

The article says Guernsey is 24 sq miles Guernsey including Herm and Jethou is 27 sq miles (The info box says 30.1 sq miles, which I am sure is wrong) however there is no way Herm and Jethou are 3 sq miles in area. Herm says its 0.77 sq miles. and Jethou is under 0.1 sq miles I would have thought Lihou was counted with Guernsey as its connected at low water and is under 0.1 sq miles anyway.

The Bailiwick of Guernsey page says its land area is 30.1 sq miles, Sark is 2.1 sq miles and Alderney 3 sq miles, so that does not add up, as deducting 5.1 from 30.1 gives 25 for the Guernsey jurisdiction area.

Maybe the size of the jurisdiction of Guernsey should say 25 and not 27 as that would match both calculations?

Any ideas where there is proof of any of these measurements ??

Also for length of coast, which is presumably the high water mark.

Lastly it would also be nice to know the size of the Bailiwick waters. Ânes-pur-sàng - À la perchoine 16:58, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

The oldest pillar box
The article says "The oldest pillar box still in use in the United Kingdom" is in Guernsey. If Guernsey isn't in the United Kingdom, neither is this pillar box. I'd fix it, but what to fix it to? The oldest pillar box in the British Islands?? -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 18:15, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Lead
can you be specific as to what exactly is the problem with the lead (too long, too short, strays off topic, doesn't include all relevant information)?

I thought it's simply too short. seems to think the opposite. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 11:46, 28 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I haven't omitted any of the lead, simply divided it. I also would be happy if Finnusertop added something to it, bearing in mind that the purpose of a lead is to say what a page is about, not necessarily to say all that it's going to say.Bmcln1 (talk) 11:52, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately WP:LEAD is now so long it may be difficult to grasp what is required. Nonetheless, MOS:INTRO starts: "The lead section should briefly summarise the most important points covered in an article in such a way that it can stand on its own as a concise version of the article." I'd therefore expect the lead to incorporate a brief reference to every main section. In its present form it is just an abbreviated geography section. Ben   Mac  Dui  17:35, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I've tagged it with Inadequate lead. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 17:40, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I think the lead here should be seen in conjunction with detailed Infobox and Contents, so that the "most important points" are in fact covered already, some of them twice. Had Infoboxes been invented when the WP:LEAD was written? Bmcln1 (talk) 19:33, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

Brehaut
The surname Brehaut is a new set index article, saying that the highest concentration of the name is in Guernsey, but all the people are from elsewhere. Please supply a Guernsey person for the list.--Dthomsen8 (talk) 21:48, 28 April 2018 (UTC)

'lamping technique'
There is no reference. I have tried to look this up, no success. Could the author please explain the quoted phrase? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Plopfz (talk • contribs) 02:39, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

The percent possible sunshine in the weatherbox
The percent possible sunshine in the weatherbox is wrong. Considering the amount of sunshine Guernsey gets, the numbers are too high. For example, in the summer some of them are above 90%, which is impossible considering the latitude and number of sun hours. I think it will have to be removed. InterstellarGamer12321 (talk) 11:20, 5 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, what does "possible sunshine" mean? --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 13:44, 5 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Possible sunshine is the percentage of what the total sun hours could have been. It varies with latitude and can give a more accurate picture of how sunny a place is for high-latitude areas. For example, in June Place A at the Arctic Circle will have more potential hours of sunshine than Place B at the Equator because of the tilt of the Earth. However, even if Place A gets more hours of sunshine than Place B, Place A may have less possible sunshine because it has the potential to get so many more sun hours. There is no place that has 100% possible sunshine, which from my calculations is approximately 4,380 hours. Yuma, Arizona does get quite close with 90% possible sunshine. The UK is not a sunny country, so possible sunshine scores remain low, especially in the winter. That is why I was concerned about the values in the Guernsey weatherbox. InterstellarGamer12321 (talk) 10:54, 6 July 2022 (UTC)
 * The figures were changed about a week ago without explanation. I've reverted them back to the previous values, which are the same as found in the source. Dendrite1 (talk) 07:45, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

can anyone live in Guernsey?
The article says that anyone (with UK citizenship or residency) can live in Guernsey, but according to the Guernsey government's website you need a residence permit to live there long term, even if you are living in an open market house.

https://www.gov.gg/pmfaq

"Anyone working and/or living in Guernsey requires a Permit/Certificate to do so."

"No. Generally you need to have a Permit or Certificate in place before you come to Guernsey to live and/or work." 2804:431:C7D8:FE70:A008:D7D0:E1FF:C3D2 (talk) 23:37, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

Health.
No information at all about Guernsey’s health system means there is an important gap in information about the island. 2A00:23EE:1938:1442:1945:B788:1819:3A4 (talk) 02:50, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guernsey


text:
Bolide

A bolide is normally taken to mean an exceptionally bright meteor, but the term is subject to more than one definition, according to context. It may refer to any large crater-forming body, or to one that explodes in the atmosphere. It can be a synonym for a fireball, sometimes specific to those with an apparent magnitude of −4 or brighter.

Definitions
The word bolide (from Italian via Latin,   ) may refer to somewhat different phenomena depending on the context in which the word appears, and readers may need to make inferences to determine which meaning is intended in a particular publication.

One sense refers to an extremely bright meteor, especially one that explodes in the atmosphere. In astronomy, it refers to a fireball about as bright as the full moon, and it is generally considered a synonym for a fireball. In geology, a bolide is a very large impactor.

One definition describes a bolide as a fireball reaching an apparent magnitude of −4 or brighter – more than twice as bright as the full moon. Another definition describes a bolide as any generic large crater-forming impacting body whose composition (for example, whether it is a rocky or metallic asteroid, or an icy comet) is unknown.

A superbolide is a bolide that reaches an apparent magnitude of −17 or brighter, which is roughly 100 times brighter than the full moon. Recent examples of superbolides include the Sutter's Mill meteorite in California and the Chelyabinsk meteor in Russia.

Astronomy

The IAU has no official definition of "bolide", and generally considers the term synonymous with fireball, a brighter-than-usual meteor; however, the term generally applies to fireballs reaching an apparent magnitude −4 or brighter. Astronomers tend to use bolide to identify an exceptionally bright fireball, particularly one that explodes (sometimes called a detonating fireball). It may also be used to mean a fireball that is audible.

Superbolide
Selected superbolide air bursts:
 * Tunguska event (Russia, 1908)
 * 2009 Sulawesi superbolide (Indonesia, 2009)
 * Chelyabinsk meteor (Russia, 2013)

Geology
Geologists use the term bolide differently from astronomers. In geology, it indicates a very large impactor. For example, the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center of the USGS uses bolide for any large crater-forming impacting body whose origin and composition is unknown, as, for example, whether it was a stony or metallic asteroid, or a less dense, icy comet made of volatiles, such as water, ammonia, and methane.

The most notable example is the bolide that caused the Chicxulub crater 66 million years ago. Scientific consensus agrees that this event directly led to the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs, and it is evidenced by a thin layer of iridium found at that geological layer marking the K–Pg boundary.

title: Bolide


text:
List of Pakistani writers

This is a List of Pakistani writers, writers of fiction and nonfiction who are native to, or born in Pakistan, writing in any language.

A
• Abdul Hafeez Mirza

• Abdul Hameed

• Abdul Jabbar Junejo

• Abdul Qadir Junejo

• Adam Nayyar

• Afzal Tauseef

• Ahfaz ur Rahman

• Agha Shorish Kashmiri

• Ahmad Faraz

• Ahmad Mallah, Haji

• Ahmad Nadeem Qasimi

• Akhtar Raza Saleemi

• Ahsan Khalil

• Alamgir Hashmi

• Ali Akbar Natiq

• Altaf Fatima

• Ali Moeen

• Altaf Gauhar

• Amar Jaleel

• Amjad Islam Amjad

• Amjad Parvez

• Annie Ali Khan

• Anwar Maqsood

• Anwaar Ahmad

• Anwer Zahidi

• Ashfaq Ahmed

• Arshad Sharif

• Ata ul Haq Qasmi

• Attash Durrani

• Ayub Sabir

• Ather Shah Khan Jaidi

• Abdur Rauf Urooj

B

 * Badam Natawan
 * Bano Qudsia
 * Bapsi Sidhwa
 * Begum Akhtar Riazuddin
 * Bina Shah
 * Bushra Rahman

C

 * Chaudhry Afzal Haq
 * Colonel Muhammad Khan

D

 * Daniyal Mueenuddin
 * Daud Kamal

F
• Faiz Ahmad Faiz

• Farhat Ishtiaq

• Farooq Qaiser

• Fatima Bhutto

• Fatima Surayya Bajia

• Fatima Bhutto

• Fawzia Afzal-Khan

• Farman Fatehpuri

G

 * Ghulam Hassan Lobsang
 * Ghulam Muhammad Girami, Maulana
 * Ghulam Muhammad Qasir

H
• Hajra Masroor

• Hakim Ahmad Shuja

• Hakim Said

• Hamza Shinwari

• Harris Khalique

• Haider Qureshi

• Hassan Nisar

I
• Ibn-e-Safi

• Ibn-e-Insha

• Ibrahim Jalees

• Idris Azad

• Iftikhar Arif

• Ihsan Danish

• Ilyas Sitapuri

• Imdad Hussaini

• Imtiaz Ali Taj

• Intizar Hussain

• Ismail Ahmedani

• Israr Ahmed

• Amjad Islam Amjad

J

 * Janbaz Mirza
 * Jazib Qureshi
 * Javed Ahmad Ghamidi

K
• Kaleemullah Lashari

• Khadija Mastoor

• Kamila Shamsie

• Kishwar Naheed

• Khalil-ur-Rehman_Qamar

• Khan Roshan khan

M
• Mahmood Shaam

• Masood Ashraf Raja

• Mazhar ul Islam

• Mirza Adeeb

• Mohammad Hanif

• Mohiuddin Nawab

• Muhammad Asad

• Muhammad Siddique Memon, Khan Bahadur

• Muhammad Siddique Musafir

• Muhammad Taqi Usmani

• Mohsin Bhopali

• Mohsin Hamid

• Muhammad Asim Butt

• Muhammad Munawwar Mirza

• Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri

• Muhammad Umar Memon

• Mumtaz Mufti

• Muneeza Shamsie

• Musharraf Ali Farooqi

• Mustansar Hussain Tarar

• Mushtaq Ahmed Yousfi

• M. Athar Tahir

• Muniba Mazari

N

 * Nabi Bux Khan Baloch
 * Naseem Hijazi
 * Naseem Thebo
 * Nasir Kazmi
 * Noorul Huda Shah

O

 * Allamah Kaukab Noorani Okarvi
 * Osman Khalid Butt

P

 * Patras Bokhari
 * Partawi Shah

Q

 * Qudrat Ullah Shahab
 * Qurat-ul-Ain Haider

R

 * Raees Warsi
 * Rahim Gul
 * Rasheed Ahmed Siddique
 * Rashid Sabir

S
• Saadat Hasan Manto

• Saeed Ahmad Akhtar

• Saeed Rashid

• Sarfraz Manzoor

• Shahid Nadeem

• Shaikh Ayaz

• Shaukat Siddiqui

• Shaukat Thanvi

• Shafiq-ur-Rehman

• Sumaira Zareen

T

 * Tahir Alauddin
 * Tahir Naqvi
 * Tehmina Durrani
 * Tarique Ashraf
 * Tariq Ali

U

 * Usman Peerzada

W

 * Wasif Ali Wasif
 * Wazir Agha

Y

 * Yusuf Hussain Abadi

Z
• Zaib-un-nissa Hamidullah

• Zeenat Abdullah Channa

• Zulfikar Ghose

• Zafar Mairaj

• Zia Ur Rehman

• Zulkaif Riaz

title: List of Pakistani writers


text:
SAGEM Sperwer

The SAGEM Sperwer (Pronounced Spehr-wuhr, Dutch for Sparrowhawk) is an unmanned aerial vehicle manufactured by the French firm SAGEM. The aircraft is piloted remotely and can cruise at altitudes of over 16,000 feet for as long as five hours. It can send back images of targets up to 150 kilometers away from its ground control station.

Operational history
The Sperwer is currently in service with the French Army (61e régiment d'artillerie), the Royal Netherlands Air Force, Swedish Air Force, United States Air National Guard, Hellenic Army (Greece) with the Netherlands in the process of removing them from front line use.

Canadian Armed Forces operated the Sperwer in Afghanistan between 2003 and its last mission on 18 April 2009 when it was replaced with the Israeli built IAI Heron.

The Royal Danish Army also bought Sperwer, but a series of problems forced the Ministry of Defence to cancel the programme and sell the remainder to Canada. As well the Danish Army no longer operate any aircraft and there are no plans for UAVs by the Royal Danish Air Force. Canada itself removed the Sperwers from front-line use in 2009, while the Netherlands was planning to phase its Sperwer drones out of front line use in March 2009 in favor of rented UAVs from Israel's Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd.

Operators

 * Canadian Armed Forces. Designated CU-161 in service; retired.
 * Canadian Armed Forces. Designated CU-161 in service; retired.

 * Danish Army. Programme cancelled.
 * Danish Army. Programme cancelled.

 * French Army. In service with three more ordered and an option on another five, all with enhanced sensors.
 * French Army. In service with three more ordered and an option on another five, all with enhanced sensors.

 * Hellenic Army. In service.
 * Hellenic Army. In service.

 * Royal Netherlands Air Force. Retired.
 * Royal Netherlands Air Force. Retired.

 * Swedish Army. Designated UAV01 Ugglan (the Owl) in service; retired.
 * Swedish Army. Designated UAV01 Ugglan (the Owl) in service; retired.

 * Air National Guard.
 * Air National Guard.

Aircraft on display
Six of the retired Sperwers can be found in Canadian museums:

 * AirForce Museum Society of Alberta – serial number 026
 * Canada Aviation and Space Museum – serial number 001
 * National Air Force Museum of Canada – serial number 007
 * Greenwood Military Aviation Museum − 161026 and spare parts from 028

Two of the retired Sperwers can be found in Dutch museums:
 * Nationaal Militair Museum, former Soesterberg Air Base Netherlands - serial number Z061
 * Artillery Museum, Netherlands - serial number Z051

title: SAGEM Sperwer


text:
Talk:Isobel Gowdie

Untitled
I just heard an Interview with James Macmillan (see article) on BBC Radio 3 on 28 Feb 2010 in which he said she was tortured and that the torture may have driven her mad - hence the confessions. He then said she was strangled and burnt as described below. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.12.63 (talk) 17:15, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

I am a direct descendent of Isobel Gowdie. My grandmother Margaret Gow Taylor Prattis told me Isobel confessed to being a witch in order to be granted a less painful death. Her confession was not voluntary. She confessed in order to be killed whilst the fire was low. Grandmother told me that her confession was that she gathered up faggots and made them into a broomstick and rode it through the sky. She had to "prove" she was a witch in order for them to accept her story and grant her a less painful death. Grandmother also said they made her children watch her death and she was disembowelled before being burnt at the stake.

Helen Gow Nolan email: rumpolette@pnc.com.au

 * It had been my understanding that she volunteered to give a confession to begin with, that she had not been accused, at least formally, at the time she gave it. If this is a misconception, that belongs in the article.  Please, get yourself a username and a login so that you can have a talk page here, and welcome to the Wikipedia.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 02:00, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * It is my understanding that witches in Scotland were not actually 'burned to death' as is the common perception. The usual sentence recorded in the trial documents is for the witch to be tied to a stake, strangled, and her body burnt until it was ashes.  This would seem to conflict with this story.  Although of course I welcome the 1st posters input, and it is certainly interesting to hear the story as passed down through the generations of the family. --172.141.72.242 (talk) 23:01, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

The paragraph that states: "What draws attention to her remarkable case is the fact that her admission of witchcraft sounds very much like the actual shamanic practices that are still in use today. She did not pander to the distorted beliefs of the Christian church about witches and the worship of Satan. There is no record of her ever being executed." may be entirely accurate. However it sounds like an opinion piece or a personal religious point of view.

Perhaps it could be re-written more in keeping with the tone of an encyclopedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Philip72 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Image
The nice image by robert ingpen was removed, and will most likely be removed from wikimedia commons, as its still under copyright.75.61.135.200 (talk) 01:23, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isobel Gowdie


text:
User:Iroll

es:Usuario:Iroll

Southlander - Air Fortress - Future Pigeon - Ian Wallace -

title: User:Iroll


text:
User:Mathieugp

Me & where I am from
I live in Montréal, Québec. I am interested in pretty much all fields of knowledge. My two great passions are a free Québec and free software. The first has to do with my own freedom, as a human and a citizen, relative to the State above me. The second has to do with humanity's freedom relative to these machines that are already everywhere in our lives.

I am a computer technologist by training. I am particularly interested in free software which I adopted because of its compatibility with my vision of what the social relations should be in the production and distribution of software and also because I see great value in the free sharing of knowledge in the world community.

I am an amateur of Québec history and the history of political ideas.

At the philosophical level, I am a self-proclaimed free thinker and humanist and I intend to remain that way until someone can demonstrate to me, in a convincing manner, that I am mistaken for wanting to seek the truth by myself and with others, using the weak instrument of human reason. I know myself to be profoundly ignorant, as are all human beings on the planet. I am trying to be less ignorant.

I played a little bit of fiddle for a while, but I no longer practice since about 2015.

So far, my main contributions to this encyclopedia have had something to do with Québec's history, culture, language & politics or with free software. Being very much interested in knowledge in general, you can expect to see me contribute to a wide array of subjects.

In addition to contributing to the English-language Wikipedia, I contribute to the French language Wikipedia and ultimately I will try to make sure that everything I contribute to en.wikipedia.org is also in fr.wikipedia.org and vice versa. This is going to be good translation practice.

Quotations that I like for one reason or another

 * "The truth belongs to those who seek it, not to those who claim to own it." — Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794), in Discours sur les conventions nationales, April 1791 (Original French: La vérité appartient à ceux qui la cherchent et non point à ceux qui prétendent la détenir.)

 * "Between the strong and the weak, between the rich and the poor, between the master and the servant, it is liberty which oppresses and law that frees." — Henri Lacordaire (1802-1861), in 52e Conférence de Notre-Dame, 1848. (Original French: Entre le fort et le faible, entre le riche et le pauvre, entre le maître et le serviteur, c'est la liberté qui opprime et la loi qui libère.)

 * "Logic which alone can give us certainty is the instrument of demonstration : intuition is the instrument of invention." — Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) in The Value of Science, 1905 (Original French: La logique qui peut seule donner la certitude est l'instrument de la démonstration : l'intuition est l'instrument de l'invention)

 * "I referred previously to our "assimilation". I do not for a moment wish to imply that I desire such an end. Our national character is too historically famous, and, in spite of every degradation, too fine to make its annihilation desirable." — Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) in The Jewish State, 1896

 * "When we defend French at home, it is all languages of the world we defend against the hegemony of a single one." — Pierre Bourgault (1934-2003), Allocution lors de la remise du Prix Georges-Émile-Lapalme, December 6, 1997 (Original French: Quand nous défendons le français chez nous, ce sont toutes les langues du monde que nous défendons contre l’hégémonie d’une seule.)

 * "I have hinted above, that the name loyalists, was improperly assumed by these people. Royalists they may perhaps be called. But the true loyalists, were the people of America against whom they acted. No people were ever known more truly loyal, and universally so, to their sovereigns: the protestant succession in the House of Hanover was their idol. Not a jacobite was to be found from one end of the colonies to the other. They were affectionate to the people of England, zealous and forward to assist in her wars, by voluntary contributions of men and money, even beyond their proportion. The king and parliament had frequently acknowledged this by public messages, resolutions, and reimbursements. But they were equally fond of what they esteemed their rights, and if they resisted when those were attacked, it was a resistance in favour of a British constitution, which every Englishman might share in enjoying who should come to live among them: it was resisting arbitrary impositions that were contrary to common right and to their fundamental constitutions, and to constant ancient usage. It was indeed a resistance in favour of the liberties of England, which might have been endangered by success in the attempt against ours; and therefore a great man in your parliament did not scruple to declare, he rejoiced that America had resisted." — Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), in a private letter to Baron Francis Maseres, June 26, 1785. (The great man alluded to was William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham.)

 * "The truth sometimes hurts the rules of plausibility." — Denis-Benjamin Viger (1774-1861), in Analyse d'un entretien sur la conservation des établissements du Bas-Canada : des lois, des usages, etc. de ses habitants, 1826 (Original French: Le vrai blesse quelquefois les règles de la vraisemblance.)

 * "One could almost say: a little internationalism moves away from the fatherland; a lot of internationalism brings back to it." — Jean Jaurès (1859-1914), in L'Armée nouvelle, p. 464 (Original French: On pourrait presque dire : un peu d'internationalisme éloigne de la patrie; beaucoup d'internationalisme y ramène.)

Some places I visited (as a tourist)
United States (Boston, New York) // Canada (Toronto, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver) // Québec (Montréal, Laurentides, Cantons-de-l'Est, Québec, Bas-Saint-Laurent, Gaspésie) // France (Paris, Morcourt, Éourres, Marseille, Cassis, Carcassonne, Toulouse) // Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Mostar) // Croatia (Dubrovnik, Zagreb) // Montenegro (Kotor) // Serbia (Belgrade, Zuce)

Maxims of my own

 * "Beware of the one who has and the time and the audacity to invent maxims."
 * "The really useful encyclopaedia is the one which shows us as much of what we know as what still evades us."
 * "The Creator, in His infinite consistency, gave man legs to chase his prey, hands to cut the stone of the lance, words to coordinate the hunt, a little intelligence to defend himself in a hostile world and finally a conscience to torment him each day and make his life impossible."
 * "Publish less, publish better."

Awards
I award you this LibertyBellstar for your dedication to Quebec's independence.''Mezek 01:15, 11 October 2006 (UTC) fr:User:Mathieugp

title: User:Mathieugp