text:
Talk:List of most popular given names

Older comments
i thought here will islamik names but i dint meet, whyyyyyyy i wanted select or know what name is more popul. why u dint fill it??????/ selene

 * Pleae add a Muslim country if you have an official list. We also need Russia, China, etc. Jameswilson 01:25, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

I see the value in creating these articles, but I also think there are a few issues with the titles of these pages:

 * The capitalization is not right. The title should be "Most popular names".

 * It should probably specify "given names". --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 12:12, 4 June 2010 (UTC) Otherwise, it could mean "family names", and in fact there is a List of most popular family names (although that is strange, since they are rarely chosen, making "popularity" maybe the wrong notion).

 * The title should say something about "in the US", unless there are plans to extend the list to other countries.

 * Also, pages like this tend to be titled "List of...", although that's probably not an absolute requirement.

Anyway, good job on making this set of pages. -- VV 23:28, 23 Oct 2003 (UTC)

I'd like to see a source cited. Who collected this information? The US census bureau? --Delirium 22:41, Oct 26, 2003 (UTC)

VANDALISM: ALL MOST POPULAR FEMALE NAMES IN EUROPE ARE SET TO GABRIELLE WHICH IS DEFINITLY NOT TRUE!!!

As many people want this kept (see the October section of Talk:Most popular names/Delete), a new title should be decided. Any objections to List of most popular names in the United States? The only problem is that it makes the subpages have quite long titles as they would be things like List of most popular names in the United States in the 1890s. Angela 21:13, Nov 1, 2003 (UTC)

I probably don't know very much about naming pages, but how about something like Most popular American names? That would keep the links to a length of about Most popular American names in the 1920s. Anyway, I have begun to continue work on the lists and I hope to be finished within the next week or so. For those of you who are wondering, I get all of the information from the links at this site. MattSal 21:40, Nov 2, 2003 (UTC)

 * Sounds good, but IMO it's best to go for something like "Most poular US names in the 1920s" as that's more specific; see [[American. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 22:56, 4 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I see your point. Anyways, I'm currently up to the 1950's and hope to finish the 1970's by the end of today. I'll save the last parts for this weekend. When I'm done, we can go about renaming and/or moving the article. MattSal 22:52, Nov 5, 2003 (UTC)

One thing that's occurred to me is that the lists of names could be greatly compressed; those bulleted lists of ten names could probably be made into one line each. Then, the proliferation of decade lists would not even be necessary. Of course, this retooling would require considerable effort on someone's part. -- VV 22:18, 2 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Sorry guys. I got lazy that one weekend. This time I will finish the pages. Then we or I can move them. Sorry. MattSal 21:44, Nov 15, 2003 (UTC)

This should be at something titled List of and specify that it is given names, I think, because that is what it is. List of most popular given names in the United States and List of most popular American given names are both fine, though the first is probably best because it eliminates any controversy about the meaning of American. The length of the subpages doesn't really matter -- aside from being a minor inconvenience for linking, of which there will not be much, I'd imagine. Tuf-Kat 21:51, Nov 15, 2003 (UTC)

I have added names in Japanese, Korean and Chinese. Can I decapitalize this to most popular names. The title sounds like a book title. -- Taku 22:11, Nov 15, 2003 (UTC)~

 * I changed it to lower case, but I didn't change the links to it as it might be merging with list of most popular family names anyway so it would need to be changed again then. I did fix all the broken redirects caused by the moving of the 1980s etc ones though. Angela

I just found an article. List of most popular family names. This article can and should be merged with it without much trouble. And as told above, they are brilliant lists. They are not encyclopedic yet but we can work on. -- Taku 22:23, Nov 15, 2003 (UTC)

 * I think that rather than merge this and List of most popular family names names, that surnames from that list should be added here and the other list turned into first/given names. -- BCorr ¤ Брайен 19:57, 18 Nov 2003 (UTC)

This page is now a mishmosh. Although its title indicates that it's refering to family names, the links to the United States articles are to given names. RickK 21:30, 22 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * What I have done! This is about given names not family names. I am sorry for screwing. Right, we cannot merge this to list of most popular family names. -- Taku 23:52, Nov 22, 2003 (UTC)

Is this a page for first-names, considering that there's another page for family names ? And why's the page made up of only Japanese names, with links to US ones ? Jay 19:12, 11 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I think the US ones are just split off as they would be too long for the page. It might be worth splitting the Japanese ones off too and having this as a disambiguation page for any language. Angela. 21:02, Jan 13, 2004 (UTC)

Social Security began during the New Deal
From the article:
 * Every year in the United States the Social Security's Office of the Chief Actuary publishes a list of the top 10...

The US Social Security agency did not exist in the 1880s. Is there another source we are missing? func (talk) 01:28, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Er, sorry. Obviously, they would have had information on people going back that far. Nevermind. func (talk) 01:32, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Business Naming
Does anyone have information on how to approach naming your business? I'm looking to differentiate myself. The business is managed care contracting services.

 * I'd suggest that if you think Wikipedia is a helpline for people too stupid to come up with a name for their own business, then you should probably just stick to flipping burgers. :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.94.137.1 (talk) 10:34, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Misleading
Any reason why the microprint changes some countries (ie Canada) from "Most Popular Names" to "Most Popular Baby Names"? Men in Canada aren't called Ethan, Joshua or Dylan, we're all Doug, Mike, Gord, Gordon or Gordie - I'm reluctant to change it without knowing the rational, but it certainly reads like these are the most popular names for me, unless you pull out your magnifying glass for the 2 point disclaimer. Seems a "baby names of the last year" list likely belongs somewhere else. WilyD 15:50, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * yes, harmonise it if you want. All the lists are about baby names really. Jameswilson 02:37, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Just to give an example as to how misleading the lists are: The name 'Ecrin' shown as the second most common female name in Turkey is not among the top 2472 most common names in Turkey. Ref: http://www.ismididikle.com/showisim.php?isim=ecrin — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.255.145.142 (talk) 16:47, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

There's a (probably fairly recent) list of the most popular names on the Benesse website at .

The lists are given as fairly low-rez gifs, making it impossible to cut and paste and difficult even to read.Tweeq 15:33, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Brazilian names
The list of Brazilian names is probably wrong, because it has some names that have a spelling that is certainly not brazilian.

For example, "Julian" is definitely not a name common in Brazil. It could refer to "Juliano". Also "Estevan" sounds more like a Spanish name. In Brazil the most common form could be perhaps "Estevão".

Concerning female names, "Beatrice" is certainly very rare. The usual spelling would be "Beatriz".

Considering that there is no source, I believe the list there should be deleted, or replaced by some list that comes from a citable source.

--Ekalin 23:56, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Popular names by language
Would it not perhaps be useful, given that choice of name is very much tied in with language and culture (despite the homogenising effect of English), to add tables listing the most popular names within the the principal language groupings (ie. English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, etc)? Trying to compare trends between (for example) Scotland, England, Australia, NZ, and Canada is pretty difficult with the current set-up. This is arguably of more use than only listing nations within continental groups - the most popular names in the UK have little to do with those of France, which have little to do with those of Lithuania, etc, etc.

Any thoughts?

X damr talk 01:47, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Name of article is completely misleading
I would think that most people who look up these lists would expect to find the most common given names (first names) of people currently living in a particular country. These lists are only the most common names given to people born in 2005 or whatever year that particular list pertains to. People born in different years vastly outnumber these newborns, and most of them tend to have different names, or names in different proportions. Therefore, I propose that the name of this article be "Most popular given names for people born in year 200x". Furthermore, there should be another article with lists of the most common given names which includes people who are older than newborns or one-year-olds (the vast majority of people alive). Backspace 01:24, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Moving to wiktionary?
I don't see how this page belongs there as an appendix.. It's more than just a listing of words, and these names are related by fast-changing popularity - not anything linguistic. Eug 00:18, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

2007-02-24 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 04:35, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Static lists by year
During the recent AfD discussion for this article, I made the observation that it might be useful to convert the list from a single, dynamic, continually-updated list into a set of static lists by year, such as List of most popular given names in 2006, List of most popular given names in 2007, and so forth, as is already being done for the lists of the United States. This way, results from previous years would not need to be lost whenever a new publication is released. Any comments? Ayla 09:50, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Portuguese Names
This section should be removed. There are no national statistics for names since the early 90's. While some names in the list are undisputably common (Maria, Ana, João), most of them are random names put there due to the personal observations of the person who made the list. Fábio, for instance, is not that common. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.154.46.59 (talk) 20:23, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

American Names
There is no way that this list can be right. Shaniqua is not a very popular name. Not outside the black community, anyway, which doesn't seem large enough to skew the namings that much. I think that may just be a joke. 97.84.218.95 (talk) 03:45, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Reverted. This kind of vandalism happens all the time on the list. Ayla (talk) 10:50, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Fynn/Finn: German Name
Are you sure about it being the third most-given name in Germany? I'm german and I never even SAW (or heard) this name before —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.44.64.199 (talk) 22:21, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes. It's on the official 2007 list for Germany as No. 3. People pick new and/or ridiculous names in every country, which is probably why you've never heard of it. It's a newer name used for babies. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 23:12, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Islamic names in UK
Seriously isn't wikipedia better than having information sourced from a forum, especially when the person who claims the stats in from the US —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.121.151.142 (talk) 19:14, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I've removed those tables. It's rubbish. Most anyone could tell you that France, Germany, and the Netherlands have larger Islamic populations because of the historical reasons; so surely their Islamic lists are more relevent (although I think that all are irrelevent) -- here's a list I found, anyway, . Poor source, and I'm guessing that the motivation for including this was political. Glad that the myth that Mohammed is the most popular English name hasn't reared its head here. I had a look over the groups/nations included that aren't countries (for the Europe section), most seem justifiable. I left Switzerland - Romansch in for now, as it seems distinct, if small. I also left the cities (Warsaw, St. Petersberg) in, I'm not sure about those. Probably a good idea to get stats for all unrecognized countries. Yohan euan o4 (talk) 21:54, 8 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It had been added back and I've removed it again. The source is absolutely inappropriate and I don't see a good justification for the category. -- SiobhanHansa 20:38, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

Bot report : Found duplicate references !
In the last revision I edited, I found duplicate named references, i.e. references sharing the same name, but not having the same content. Please check them, as I am not able to fix them automatically :) DumZiBoT (talk) 04:40, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
 * "buenos aires" :
 * La Nación. Santiago y Sofía, los nombres más elegidos en 2006 por los porteños. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
 * La Nación. . Retrieved December 31, 2006.
 * "spain" :
 * National Statistics Institute. (n.d.). Births according to name of newborn. Retrieved June 16, 2006.
 * Iker and Ane, most popular Basque names in last three years - eitb24.com
 * Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute)

So Indians aren't Asian anymore?
In the United States category, the most common given names has a list of Asian/Pacific Islander American names and Indian names. Is that supposed to mean Native American? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.194.224.134 (talk) 23:33, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Israel/Palestine
The keys for a few entries have been swapped back and forth between Israel and Palestine. Please can someone determine from the given reference precisely what area its data refers to? If it is for the state of Israel, let's say so in a neutral way and not mention Palestine. If the data is specifically for West Bank, East Jerusalem and/or the Gaza strip, let's explain the exact scope and form a consensus on a name for that area which is unlikely to offend any reasonable person. Can anyone interpret the Reference as a first step? Certes (talk) 10:30, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It appears to be the national statistics of Israel, split into different religious groups -- Christian, Muslim, Jewish -- and to apply to every child born in the country as a whole. Presumably that includes the West Bank, but there are also a number of Arab Muslims living in Israel proper. There is presently no country known as Palestine. There is one known as Israel. The heading should not be changed. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 21:44, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you. That sounds logical to me.  Shall we change the existing heading Palestine, Muslim boys to Israel...? Certes (talk) 22:46, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

Could we maybe stop calling them "Jewish boys" and "Muslim boys" and "Christian boys" and "Druze boys?" They are infants, not holders of religious opinion. There is very little debate between three-month old "adherents" of different religions.

I know one needs a certain amount of economy of space in a table like that, but in reality they are "Children of Jewish Parents," "Children of Muslim Parents," etc.

68.148.129.210 (talk) 04:33, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Children are raised Jewish, Christian, Muslim, etc. and have always been considered to be the faith they are raised in or going to be raised in. They obviously make their own decisions about religion when they are older but prior to that it's appropriate to identify them by the religion of the parents,as Israel does. Do not change the headings. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 14:28, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Croatian names

 * 16:43, 23 May 2009 Bookworm857158367 (Joy's edit removes the most popular names for infants born in Croatia. If she would like to add the population stats in addition to the other list, fine, but leave the first referenced list as is.)
 * 15:25, 23 May 2009 Joy (→Europe: User:Bookworm857158367 reverted my .hr edits together with some anon abuse, with no explanation whatsoever, so restoring)
 * 23:56, 18 April 2009 Joy (mark the new data as pertaining to the entire population and as census 2001)
 * 23:51, 18 April 2009 Joy (→Female names: updated Croatian entry, based on the updated reference)
 * 23:49, 18 April 2009 Joy (→Male names: fixed the Croatian entry, the old reference was broken, it was a non-authoritative news story that only talked about popular *foreign* names; this is the official statistic with num's)

 * First I think it's really rude to blithely remove another referenced fact without any explanation, and insist on removal of valid information directly from the state statistics bureau in deference to an completely unauthoritative and unreferenced AFP news article. It just says "official figures show" but it doesn't say where they actually got these. I googled for it originally and couldn't find anything to properly support it. I googled again now and found more news articles like these  and their lists both have an exact source (person from a Zagreb city bureau) and differ from the other one. In any case I fail to see how news articles are more suitable for encyclopedia references than actual relevant government agency web sites. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 18:25, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Vandalism
It looks like someone's thrown in random Indian words ("curry") and nonsense ("Ghandi's mom") for common Indian male names. I tried to find a reliable source for common male names to replace the offending text but haven't found anything so far. Could we just remove India from the list for now? --Vpdath (talk) 21:47, 21 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The names in that list were from an article about new names that are popular with parents in India. I'd prefer not to remove that list. Vandals should be reverted. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 01:29, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually the cited article just says "Some of the names mentioned by reporter Rituparna Bhowmik include..."; the names are not listed in any particular order, and there is nothing to indicate that these are currently the 10 most popular names in India. If you ask me, the reference isn't terribly relevant to the topic at hand. Btw, thanks to whoever reverted to the pre-vandalized version. Vpdath (talk) 23:23, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I've removed the list. "Some of the names mentioned by reporter" is in no way related to "most popular". Some of these names were included because they are intriguing or archaic, which is almost the opposite of popular. Shreevatsa (talk) 18:36, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Re-focus the article
The article is currently focused on what names happen to be popular right now. While this is not entirely without encyclopedic value, that value is limited. Further, it is a maintenance nightmare.

A focus on what names are popular in the overall (as opposed to newly born) population would be of considerably greater value, and I very, very strongly suggest that the page is re-focused to provide exactly that.

(Similar critiques are voiced by others in some above entries.)

Additionally, a short estimated list of the most popular names world-wide would be of greater value than the listing for any individual country. (Notably, I have seen such lists on several occasions over the years, so original research would likely be unnecessary---notwithstanding that the results would only be rough approximations.) Michael Eriksson (talk) 22:22, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I think you should feel free to start an additional article with the information you listed, but leave this one as it is. This is a list of currently popular names and the vast majority of the listings are referenced. I won't agree to deleting information from this article. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 02:36, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I won't agree either. And I don't think that there is a real list of the most popular given names worldwide. I can't believe that there is any research that collect ALL countries' most popular names in one list. So I think this list is much better. But, to tell the truth, in Hungary where I live, there are two different lists: one for the names given to the recent born babies and another one for ALL the names of the entire population. Mária is the first one considering the whole (female) population of Hungary, but Anna is the first one on the newly born babies' name-list. So maybe another list can be made about the names which are worn by the entire population in a certain country. Of the maintenance of this list: in Hungary the list is updated once a year, so the Hungarian section must be updated only once a year. Of course, I don't know anything about the other countries. --Perfectmiss (talk) 08:28, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

Just ten names per line
There should be just ten names per line. See for example the lines of the Faroe Islands http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_most_popular_given_names&oldid=361530566. Xqsd

Wrong:
 * 1. Dánjal, Dávid, Jónas
 * 2. Elias
 * 3. Bárður, Brandur, Ísakur, Jógvan, Rói, Rókur, Silas, Tummas
 * 4. Aron, Benjamin, Filip, Fríði, Gilli, Hákun, Jákup, Kristian, Markus, Ólavur, Pætur, Páll, Sámuel, Símun, Teitur, Tóki, Tóri
 * 5. Andreas, Baldur, Bartal, Beinir, Bjarni, David, Eli, Gunnar, Hans Dávid, Heini, Hjalti, Hóri, Hugin, Jóan Petur, Jóhannes, Jósef, Kári, Lukas, Martin, Milan, Óli, Rani, William

Correct:
 * 1. Dánjal, Dávid, Jónas
 * 4. Elias
 * 5. Bárður, Brandur, Ísakur, Jógvan, Rói, Rókur, Silas, Tummas
 * 13. Aron, Benjamin, Filip, Fríði, Gilli, Hákun, Jákup, Kristian, Markus, Ólavur, Pætur, Páll, Sámuel, Símun, Teitur, Tóki, Tóri
 * 30. Andreas, Baldur, Bartal, Beinir, Bjarni, David, Eli, Gunnar, Hans Dávid, Heini, Hjalti, Hóri, Hugin, Jóan Petur, Jóhannes, Jósef, Kári, Lukas, Martin, Milan, Óli, Rani, William

See http://a1763.g.akamai.net/f/1763/9180/1h/women.benesse.ne.jp/general/event/rank2009/03_02_rank_01.gif In the blue section there is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 10. A repeated name is a tie, but it occupies a slot (in the picture a line, in the article a column). When the tenth place is a tie, then more that ten names may appear. Xqsd (talk) 19:56, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Do not remove information from this article without further discussion. You have removed sourced information from this article. I don't agree with your listed method above. The way they are currently listed is not incorrect. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 20:19, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I think Xqsd's got the right idea, that's how rankings are supposed to go. When two things tie for a rank, the next rank takes that into account. Think of the Olympics: when two athletes tie for first, they both take the gold medal, but the silver is skipped, and the next athlete gets the bronze. So with the Faroese names above, Dánjal, Dávid, and Jónas, are all ranked first, but the next is ranked fourth, and on like that. Think about it: how can Elias be ranked second if there are three names above it? It can't. See this Swedish list to see how it's done: three names tie for 96th, the next name is ranked 99th .--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 09:00, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Other lists do it differently. If you have a three-way tie in second place, some rankings do list the fifth name as in third place, and so on. I prefer doing it this way because it provides more information about which names are popular and what their actual ranking is. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 16:33, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Yep, I noticed some lists have different ways of listing info. I guess that is what happens when you assemble sources from different nationalities. A list isn't very useful if it isn't consistent in the way if presents raw data. I think we can easily make it consistent and make sense; we will probably need to make some sort of note explaining it. Elias is simply not the second most popular Faroese name. If we are sticking with the ten most popular names, then we should only list those particular names, or the names tied which are at least tied for tenth. This list is not about squeezing in as many names as possible.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 07:40, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I won't agree to change it. There's nothing wrong with the way it is currently listed or including more names. When the same number of names are used the same number of times, there's a tie and the way they are included is consistent throughout this list. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 11:46, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * It's just mathematically wrong to make ties without skipping a place. If you don't agree with common mathematical practice then you can agree with "At most 10 names per line unless the 10th place is a tie". Why should the Faroe Islands have much more names than other countries? Xqsd (talk) 22:59, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Other lists do it differently. If you have a three-way tie in second place, some rankings do list the fifth name as in third place, and so on. The fact that other lists don't know mathematics doesn't imply that WIkipedia should imitate them. When journalists make rankings, let them make mistakes. When Wikipedia makes a ranking, it should be correct. Xqsd (talk) 23:18, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Once again, I will not agree to remove the information. Names are listed this way because they were used the same number of times. This is one way of listing material. There is nothing wrong with the current listing. Do not remove material. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 23:33, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Please say why you don't agree with the sentence "at most ten names per line, unless there is a tie at the 10th place". Do you see that it's absurd to have 52 names crammed together in 5 places, leaving other 5 with NA? Xqsd (talk) 23:42, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Because it's a list of the most popular names in different countries and, in some, there are ties for that position and it's not accurate to list only 10 names. I believe in including accurate information. The list is cited and this is one method of listing information. Don't remove information again. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 23:46, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * It's not matter of opinion how rankings should be made. Anyway, what's wrong with "at most ten names per line, unless there is a tie at the 10th place"? And please explain why a line with 52 names has five places with NA. Couldn't it be because 52 is much more that enough? Xqsd (talk) 23:57, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Right now the cut-off is ten, so lets stick to that. Lets stay consistent. We can't just make up reasons to add more in one and less in the other. The top ten, is the top ten; it's not the top ten in one country and the the top twenty-seven in another.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 07:21, 4 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I will not agree to that because there are ties for various positions and it isn't always going to be just 10 names. The top 10 names doesn't necessarily mean 10 names. If two names were both used 300 times, they are both going to be in 2nd position, etc. It is possible to rank them in the way that they are currently ranked in this article. Limiting it to 10 names only is reducing the amount of information available. The list is cited. I won't agree to removing cited information. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 12:13, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Bookworm857158367, the list is inconsistent because it uses different ranking systems. We should fix that if we can. The list loses its value when it isn't consistent in how it presents the info. So, it is not a good thing to keep the list the same. Do you understand that? It is an important point. Now look at the Faroe reference; it doesn't even rank the names, it just gives the raw numbers. The names and numbers are cited, but the system of ranking them isn't. Understand what I mean; do you understand what is actually "cited"? Some of the refs do rank names in the way you like (1-22-3); others do it the way Xqsd and I have described (1-22-4); and others are like the Faroe list, just list the data. So what do we do? One thing we shouldn't do is dig our heals into the ground and refuse to cooperate with others. What we could do is analyse all the references used, and and so what system most of them follow. Maybe different kinds of sources rank things differently (for example official/government/census vs media references).--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 07:59, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but I still think the list is appropriate the way it is, for the reasons I gave above. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 15:15, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * There weren't more than five places because it's a very small population. The names in last position were probably used twice each. But again, do not remove cited information from this article. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 00:04, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

If the article is meant to list the ten most popular names in each country, then it should list the ten most popular names. For the Faroes you have probably named the first names of everyone born on the islands in a particular year! Oh and what is all the "I won't agree to do this" thing here - no one owns the page, so if the consensus is that the system used in compiling the data should change, then it should change. 109.94.137.1 (talk) 10:39, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Indian list

 * Note: the edit/content in question. Older discussion is above at.

(See prior discussion above.) I've been repeatedly removing this absurd list of names (and already mentioned it once above on this talk page), giving a reason in the edit summary each time, and User:Bookworm857158367, who seems to have some WP:OWNership issues, keeps re-adding them with no valid reason. Edit-warring without discussion (and without any valid reasons) is not the way to improve Wikipedia. Shreevatsa (talk) 20:47, 12 June 2010 (UTC)

I will reiterate my reasons, although I am annoyed at having to do so: Any single one of these reasons alone would disqualify having it in the article. That it is repeatedly reinserted despite all these reasons makes me wonder about the sanity of the process here. Shreevatsa (talk) 20:56, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) The given list is not supported by the citation — it's a different list.
 * 2) The given citation is someone's blog, not a reliable source. I can put up my own different list of names on my blog, if you think that makes it "cited material".
 * 3) The blog is reporting (without citation) some names mentioned by some "reporter" somewhere else
 * 4) It is not all the names mentioned by the reporter
 * 5) There is no claim made that these are the most popular rising names
 * 6) These names are mentioned precisely because they are intriguing, archaic, or eye-catching, which is the opposite of "most popular".

 * I agree with Shreevatsa. This is completely erroneous content. The article that the blog is deriving utterly original research from, is at http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLAU55319320071205 That article does not mention popularity, or give a list, or any kind of order. The data from the blog does not belong here, at all. Bookworm, please check your work better, especially when reverting multiple times. -- Quiddity (talk) 21:17, 12 June 2010 (UTC)

 * The list that Shreevatsa has added is not particularly accurate in the case of the girls. Maya and Tara are both names that have several other language origins and in all likelihood are not used primarily for girls of Indian descent in the United States. I avoided using that particular reference for that reason and used the article about names actually used in India. If you can find a list of names that are commonly used in India that should be substituted for both but the original reference would be preferable as a citation because it actually deals with names used for infants in India. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 02:42, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

 * You can remove that if you like. I find it hard to believe your preference for the earlier stuff, which I've already shown is rubbish and does not belong in the article. Do you seriously think that having any random nonsense is preferable to having nothing at all? Shreevatsa (talk) 02:46, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I think it would be nice to have India represented and have it reflect the current naming practices in the country. This article should ideally represent as many regions in the world as possible. I wish India did have official statistics but I wasn't able to find any. Actually, this site is probably a better representation than either of the above even if it's completely unofficial and anectdotal: http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/penpals/stats.php3?Pays=IND If you know of official stats somewhere in India, I wish you would add them. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 02:52, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I appreciate and share the sentiment. I wish there were some better sources, and as soon as we find something credible, we can add it, but not until then. (Maybe with the next census underway… though I doubt it.) I'll continue to look for official statistics, though experience tells me they're unlikely to exist. :-( In the meanwhile, let's please avoid adding clearly erroneous content. Even the penpal stats you found are better than the blog used earlier (though it has some bias toward names from urban, educated classes, and comes from a very small sample size: 7 "Rhea"s out of 276 puts the name in 3rd place, but somehow I doubt it's really in the top 10.). Shreevatsa (talk) 03:16, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Since they speak English, it probably is representative of more urban classes but the name of every Indian student I've met in the U.S. is somewhere on that list. I can believe Raj is the most popular name for young males in India and Priya or Shruti would be very popular girls' names. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 03:47, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

Romanisation of Korean names
I hate to nit pick, but the Korean names in the article use inconsistent semi-phonetic Romanisation.Perhaps accurate in terms of what the children are likely to use, perhaps it is better to use the "official"/recommended Romanisation. Below are the Revised Romanisation versions of the names.

Boys
 * 1) Min-jun
 * 2) Ji-hu
 * 3) Ji-hun
 * 4) Jun-seo
 * 5) Hyeon-u
 * 6) Ye-jun
 * 7) Geon-u
 * 8) Hyeon-jun
 * 9) Min-jae
 * 10) U-jin

Girls
 * 1) Seo-yeon
 * 2) Min-seo
 * 3) Seo-hyeon
 * 4) Ji-u
 * 5) Seo-yun
 * 6) Ji-min
 * 7) Su-bin
 * 8) Ha-eun
 * 9) Ye-eun
 * 10) Yun-seo

Cashie (talk) 05:58, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The spellings given are those used in the source. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 00:33, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

Azerbaijani names in Asia but not Armenia/Georgia?
Why Azerbaijani names in Asia list, while Armenia and Georgia in Europe?--NovaSkola (talk) 16:24, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

France (most popular Arabic names used by French Muslims, 2006)
I think this is not where it should be. But regardless of whether it is consistent or not to put this statistic, the statistic is in itself not right. I checked the source and it is an amateur website. There is tons of reasons why this statistic is impossible to get such as the fact that France's government does not collect statistic on minorities but also because how do you tell if someone is Muslim or not just by looking at records. I know a lot of French Muslims who have names like Julien, etc... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anon1794 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 7 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't agree with your attempt to remove these stats, which are cited and which provides information about a demographic group within the country. The names on the list are all of Arab origin and it appears to be compiled based on the official list. In any event, see what other people say before you attempt to revert it again. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 01:35, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

Way too scrappy
The whole list is very scrappy. Some countries seem to have entries for multiple ethnic groupings, while others aren't included at all. Would it not be more appropriate to have a single entry for each country based on the overall most popular names for girls and boys, and then, if a country has multiple other sources available, either include these in seperate tables at the end of this article, or split them out into individual country lists? 109.94.137.1 (talk) 11:09, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Overall?
By having the statistics, shouldn't be hard for a bot to perhaps unify the list... When you search for "List of most popular given names" you want the most popular, period. Not the most popular on some arbitrarily (and not undisputed) defined regions (e.g. continents: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continent#Number_of_continents)... Sure, this list (as is) may be useful for some, but it's not what the title suggests. Also, there are different lists in the 'Category: Lists of popular names' for different regions, so when I come at the article that doesn't specify regions, I'm looking for the overall list. Just my humble opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.123.131.76 (talk) 03:31, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I came here to make the exact same statement. 100 % agreed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.142.126.223 (talk) 15:31, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Changed link for Evangelos name under Greek names
The name Evangelos under the Greek famous names linked to:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangelis

which is an article about a certain "Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassio" which does not say anything about the name. Sadly, there is no disambiguation or given name for "Evangelos" on wikipedia, despite there being quite a few articles for people named Evangelos. The best I could do is have it link to the Vangelis disambiguation page, because at least there it showed a little about the name and not a link to a single person.75.73.114.111 (talk) 05:06, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

infographic?
Hi, I’m Andrew Clark and I work at the Office for National Statistics in the UK.

We publish lots of infographics and I wonder if these ones would be of interest for List_of_most_popular_given_names

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_Names_Top_100_in_England_and_Wales,_2012.png

FYI, the full gallery, updated weekly, is here

All the best

Andrew Clark (smanders1982) 10 Dec 2013

Smanders1982 (talk) 14:01, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Unofficial names
I removed unofficial names, as it is speculation and rumours. The data needs to have source.--Xoncha (talk) 05:14, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

 * However, you have also removed sourced information. Do not make such massive editing changes without discussing it on the talk page first. Bookworm857158367 (talk) 14:18, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

Data about Algeria problematic
I am quite sure that the data that is listed for Algeria is the result of a misunderstanding:

The source given goes to the Spanish statistics office, which publishes data tables like in this Excel sheet where one can find data, among other, about Algerians living in Spain, not data about people in Algeria.

I tried to find genuine data about Algeria itself and failed. The last census was 2008, not 2010, and the Algerian statistics office does not seem to publish data about given names resulting from this census.

I propose to simply delete the Algeria data.

The data given for Mali and probably for Equatorial Guinea as well seem to come from the same Spanish source and thus seem invalid in the same way to me. Here I did not yet try to find alternative sources about those countries, however. Rbrunner7 (talk) 18:47, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Alternatively, clarify that it refers to the names of Algerians living in Spain, etc. That's interesting data too. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 00:13, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

 * You are right, the data is of some interest, especially given the dearth of info about African names in general. But on the other hand, it's very, very narrow data, unlike any other on the page as far as I can see, and probably easy to misunderstand even if annotated with some additional explanation. Let's see whether any others chime in with an opinion. Rbrunner7 (talk) 05:08, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I think I may have originally included it because of the lack of information on African names. Most countries in Africa don't seem to keep statistics. My guess is that this is still a pretty good cross-section of names that are actually used in Algeria, if the immigrants are a cross-section of the population. I think we could use parenthesis to clarify. For instance: Spain (Algerians living in Spain, year) or Spain (Equatorial Guineans living in Spain, year). --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 16:22, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on List of most popular given names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100116183924/http://www.lobservateurduvalenciennois.fr:80/actualite/Valenciennes:-Le-palmares-des-prenoms-donnes-en-2009-1727.html to http://www.lobservateurduvalenciennois.fr/actualite/Valenciennes:-Le-palmares-des-prenoms-donnes-en-2009-1727.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:18, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on List of most popular given names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111231064416/http://www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca:80/Interactif/PR2I121_Prenoms/PR2I121_Prenoms/PR2SPrenoms_01.aspx to http://www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca/Interactif/PR2I121_Prenoms/PR2I121_Prenoms/PR2SPrenoms_01.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070312155853/http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/graphpages/bdm/popnames.shtml to http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/graphpages/bdm/popnames.shtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:29, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

Links to different name articles
There is an ongoing disagreement here over whether a particular name should link to the article on the English form of the name or to the article on the specific name. I think it would make more sense to have one main article on a name that lists all the varizants instead of multiple articles on every single foreign variant. Does anyone else care to weigh in? Bookworm857158367 (talk) 00:12, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The problem with doing it like that is that there are tons of people named by the different variations. Only by looking at two mildly different variations like "Francisco" and "Francesco" we see that there are tons of people who are listed that would totaly bloat a single article if they were to be merged. I also disagree with redirecting it to the english version which is just one of many variations of the original Franciscus, it would be a great sign of Anglocentrism.★Trekker (talk) 00:22, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * This is the English language Wikipedia. Of course it should be Anglocentric. Name articles also should not list every single person called by that name. That is not what an article on the name is about. Bookworm857158367 (talk) 00:40, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is also read by a large portion of the population. It's the largest and main wikipedia in the world and should strive to be an encyclopedia written in english, not about or centered around english things and concepts.
 * Since when is that not what name articles are for? That's certainly what they are used for 99% of the time and what they are useful for. I have a hard time believing that is going to change anythime.★Trekker (talk) 00:52, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Originally, the name articles were simply about the name -- language of origin, history of usage, variants, popularity in various countries, etc. A disambiguation page, I.e. Mary or John, should list the notable people with the name and should ALSO list the link to the article on the name itself. An English Wikipedia should favor English names. Bookworm857158367 (talk) 01:21, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't agree that we should favor english names for the exact reason I just gave.
 * That's fine about the names and all but then we end up with about 10.000 different name articles with very little content and about 20.000 articles to fix it all in. And what about when names already have disambiguation articles that list other things by that name, like Francis for example? As for that I still don't agree with merging any of them, it would end up very confused and cluttered.★Trekker (talk) 01:28, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on List of most popular given names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130327093449/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/684/li1.htm to http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/684/li1.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca/Interactif/PR2I121_Prenoms/PR2I121_Prenoms/PR2SPrenoms_01.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/data/1990surnames/dist.male.first
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/data/1990surnames/dist.female.first
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/inside.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fnationgeneral%2F2015%2FApril%2Fnationgeneral_April26.xml&section=nationgeneral
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055343/http://kameleon.ba/site/najcesca-dodjeljivana-imena-novorodene-djece-u-2012-godini/ to http://kameleon.ba/site/najcesca-dodjeljivana-imena-novorodene-djece-u-2012-godini/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120806145250/http://www.vrk.fi/default.aspx?id=279 to http://www.vrk.fi/default.aspx?id=279

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:44, 22 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 12 external links on List of most popular given names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150115053138/http://www.vanguardia.com.py/v1/index.php/component/k2/item/26748-estos-son-los-nombres-m%C3%A1s-usados-en-paraguay to http://www.vanguardia.com.py/v1/index.php/component/k2/item/26748-estos-son-los-nombres-m%C3%A1s-usados-en-paraguay
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121211211738/http://mundobebes.portalmundos.com/nombres-para-bebes-2011/ to http://mundobebes.portalmundos.com/nombres-para-bebes-2011/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090922093630/http://www.asianoffbeat.com/default.asp?display=938 to http://www.asianoffbeat.com/default.asp?Display=938
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160512165759/https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/geborene/haeufigste_vornamen/103208.html to https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/geborene/haeufigste_vornamen/103208.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131023065018/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/isabella-and-james-top-the-list-of-names-in-2010-1-3091530 to http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/isabella-and-james-top-the-list-of-names-in-2010-1-3091530
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060720/http://uniquemagazine.mk/inspirirajte-se-od-najpopularnite-bebeshki-iminja/ to http://uniquemagazine.mk/inspirirajte-se-od-najpopularnite-bebeshki-iminja/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140326204141/http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Istatistikler/Isimler/2001-2011_en_cok_kullanilan/2013.pdf to http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Istatistikler/Isimler/2001-2011_en_cok_kullanilan/2013.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140714133216/http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Istatistikler/Isimler/en%20%C3%A7ok%20kullan%C4%B1lan%20ad.pdf to http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Istatistikler/Isimler/en%20%C3%A7ok%20kullan%C4%B1lan%20ad.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070817105029/http://www.justice.qld.gov.au/news/names2006.htm to http://www.justice.qld.gov.au/news/names2006.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070829203416/http://www.rgo.act.gov.au/bdm4.shtml to http://www.rgo.act.gov.au/bdm4.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051124030247/http://www.ocba.sa.gov.au/bdm/babynames.html to http://www.ocba.sa.gov.au/bdm/babynames.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070704211007/http://online.justice.vic.gov.au/bdm/popular-names to http://online.justice.vic.gov.au/bdm/popular-names

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:01, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Iran entry "AbulFazl"
Can someone check that? It links to Abbas ibn Ali with the link name AbulFazl. That doesn't seem to make sense, but has been in the article for months. --mfb (talk) 16:35, 5 November 2019 (UTC)

China section
China section looks weird, with the list of common names all fit in one cell for place #1, which breaks the table, and doesn't make any sense. I removed cell borders there, and it looked much better. But then it was reverted by Bookworm857158367. Is it some automatic revert by the bot? Clearly if a person looked at it, they would see that it was better after my edit. Stansult (talk) 09:36, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

Armenia is considered part of West Asia.
I don't know why people keep changing the names. Armenia is considered part of West Asia. I'm not sure about the consensus behind other countries like Georgia or Cyprus, but the Wikipedia article for Armenia, backed up by sources clearly states this: "Located in Western Asia". The page for their own ethnic group even states: Armenians are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia. I know they're sometimes described as being a "transcontinental" country (?), but still. They're generally considered part of (West) Asia or even the Middle East. They're even included in the various lists pertaining to Asian countries. Perhaps we could add a color code to signify that a certain country is technically transcontinental, but generally considered to be part of one continent, like how Russia is technically mostly in Asia, but most people would think of them as being part of Eastern Europe? IDK. Clear Looking Glass (talk) 03:30, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 November 2021
Change some vowels Iwouldlikepie (talk) 01:18, 15 November 2021 (UTC) Could I edit this page?

Could I change this page? Iwouldlikepie (talk) 01:18, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. melecie   t  01:22, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

Global absolute ranking, not just per country/continent/whatever
thenks 185.228.230.8 (talk) 15:58, 14 August 2023 (UTC)
 * There is no official list that gives the most popular names worldwide. Bookworm857158367 (talk) 22:54, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of most popular given names


text:
Youngsville

Youngsville is the name of some places in the United States of America:

 * Youngsville, Louisiana
 * Youngsville, New Mexico, on State Rt. 96, northwest of Española
 * Youngsville, North Carolina
 * Youngsville, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Youngsville, Pennsylvania

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Youngsville


text:
Worshipful Company of Builders' Merchants

The Worshipful Company of Builders Merchants is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. The organisation, founded in 1961, became a Livery Company in 1977. The Company promotes the profession by awarding grants to institutions related to building.

The Builders Merchants' Company ranks eighty-eighth in the order of precedence for Livery Companies. Its motto is Stat Fortuna Domus, Latin for The Fortune of the House Continues. The Company's Chaplain is The Reverend Canon Roger Hall MBE and its church is St Peter ad Vincula


text:
Worshipful Company of Launderers

The Worshipful Company of Launderers is one of the livery companies of the City of London. The organisation, founded in 1960, became a Livery Company in 1977. It was incorporated by Charter 2010. The Company promotes the profession of the launderers by awarding scholarships to laundry students.

The Launderers' Company ranks eighty-ninth in the order of precedence for Livery Companies. The Company's motto is Cleanliness is next to Godliness. Its Chaplain is The Very Reverend Andrew Nunn and its church is Southwark Cathedral.

title: Worshipful Company of Launderers


text:
Orono

Orono may refer to:

Places

 * Oroño Boulevard, Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina
 * Orono, Ontario, Canada, a town in the Municipality of Clarington

United States

 * Orono, Maine, a town in Penobscot County, home to the University of Maine
 * Orono (CDP), Maine, the main settled area of the town
 * Orono, Minnesota, a city in Hennepin County
 * Orono Township, Muscatine County, Iowa

People

 * Dumas Oroño (1921–2005), Uruguayan artist
 * Joseph Orono (1688–1738), Penobscot Indian chief
 * Nicasio Oroño (1825–1904), Argentine politician and lawyer
 * Rafael Orono (born 1958), Venezuelan boxer
 * Orono Wor Petchpun (born 1978), Thai kickboxer and mixed martial artist
 * Orono Noguchi, member of Superorganism (band)

Other uses

 * Hedone orono, a butterfly of family Hesperiidae

title: Orono


text:
First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff

The First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff (1SL/CNS) is a statutory position in the British Armed Forces usually held by an admiral. As the highest-ranking officer to serve in the Royal Navy, the chief is the principal military advisor on matters pertaining to the navy and a deputy to the Secretary of State for Defence. In a separate capacity, the CNS is a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee and, thereby, a military advisor to the National Security Council, the prime minister and the monarch. The First Sea Lord is typically the highest-ranking officer on active duty of the Royal Navy unless the Chief of the Defence Staff is a naval officer. Admiral Ben Key was appointed First Sea Lord in November 2021.

Originally titled the "Senior Naval Lord to the Board of Admiralty" when the post was created in 1689, the office was re-styled First Naval Lord in 1771. The concept of a professional "First Naval Lord" was introduced in 1805, and the title of the office was changed to First Sea Lord on the appointment of Sir John "Jackie" Fisher in 1904. Since 1923, the First Sea Lord has been a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee; he now sits on the Defence Council and the Admiralty Board.

Responsibilities
The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the Royal Navy and a member of the Defence Council. He is responsible to Secretary of State for the fighting effectiveness, efficiency and morale of the Naval Service. As a member of the Defence Council, the First Sea Lord supports the Secretary of State in the management and direction of the Armed Forces through prerogative and statutory powers. As a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, he advises CDS on maritime strategy and policy. He has a collective responsibility for providing strategic direction to the department, managing performance and ensuring that defence delivers the required outputs.

History
Lords Admiral were appointed from the 15th century; they were later styled Lords High Admiral until the 18th century, and Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty from the 17th century, as the governors of the English and later British Royal Navy. From 1683 to 1684, there were seven paid Commissioners, and one unpaid supernumerary Commissioner. The number varied between five and seven Commissioners through the 18th century. The standing of all the Commissioners was in theory the same, although the First Commissioner or First Lord exercised an ascendancy over his colleagues from an early date.

The generally recognized office of Senior Naval Lord to the Board of Admiralty was established on 8 March 1689, with the first incumbent being Admiral Arthur Herbert; he was also First Lord of the Admiralty. On 20 January 1690 Admiral Herbert was succeeded by Admiral Sir John Chicheley under First Lord of Admiralty Thomas Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.

On 22 May 1702 the Board of Admiralty ceased control of Naval Affairs and was replaced by the Lord Admiral's Council. The previous office of Senior Naval Lord was replaced by a Senior Member to the Lords Admiral Council; he was usually a serving naval officer of admiral rank and was the Chief Naval Adviser to the Lord Admiral. This lasted until 8 November 1709, when the Board of Admiralty resumed control of Naval Affairs and the post of Senior Naval Lord was resumed.

On 2 February 1771 the office of Senior Naval Lord was renamed to First Naval Lord. The first post holder was Vice-Admiral Augustus Hervey; he first served under First Lord of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. In 1805, for the first time, specific functions were assigned to each of the 'Naval' Lords, who were described as 'Professional' Lords, leaving to the 'Civil' Lords the routine business of signing documents. On 2 May 1827 the Board of Admiralty once again ceased control of Naval Affairs and was replaced, until 1828, by a Lord High Admirals Council.

The title of the First Naval Lord was changed to First Sea Lord on the appointment of Sir Jackie Fisher in 1904. In 1917 the First Sea Lord was re-styled First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff. From 1923 onward, the First Sea Lord was a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, and from 1923 to 1959, in rotation with the representatives of the other services (the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Chief of the Air Staff), he served as the chairman of that committee and head of all British armed forces. The title was retained when the Board of Admiralty was abolished in 1964 and the Board's functions were integrated into the Ministry of Defence.

Under the current organisation, the First Sea Lord sits on the Defence Council, the Admiralty Board and the Navy Board.

Since 2012, the flagship of the First Sea Lord has nominally been the ship of the line HMS Victory, which used to be Lord Nelson's flagship.

Appointees
The following table lists all those who have held the post of First Sea Lord or its preceding positions. Ranks and honours are as at the completion of their tenure:

!colspan=7|Senior Naval Lords
 * -style="text-align:center;"

!colspan=7|First Naval Lords
 * -style="text-align:center;"

!colspan=7|First Sea Lords
 * -style="text-align:center;"

In fiction
In John Buchan's novel The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915), the First Sea Lord is named as Lord Alloa, an impostor whom Richard Hannay recognizes at a meeting as a spy and recent pursuer of his. Hannay describes Lord Alloa as recognizable from news pictures for his "beard cut like a spade, the firm fighting mouth, the blunt square nose, and the keen blue eyes...the man, they say, that made the New British Navy". The real First Sea Lord at the time the story is set (early summer 1914) was Prince Louis of Battenberg, coincidentally also bearded.

H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), the operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan, has Sir Joseph Porter KCB as First Sea Lord. The show written and first performed in the late 1870s might be referencing or lampooning as First Sea Lords Sir Alexander Milne (1872–76), Sir Hastings Yelverton (1876-77), or Sir George Wellesley (1877–79).


text:
Worshipful Company of Marketors

The Worshipful Company of Marketors is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London. The company was founded in 1975.

The Marketors' Company ranks ninetieth in the order of precedence for livery companies. Its church is St Bride's Church.

Marketing as a recognised professional skill standing in its own right is relatively new, and the idea for a city guild for senior marketing professionals first came about in 1969. A working party was set up in 1973 and several senior fellows of the Institute of Marketing subsequently helped gain the support of the Court of Aldermen in the City of London for establishment of a guild. Reginald Bowden, chairman of the working party, became Founder Master, serving from 1975 to 1978. On 14 April 1978 letters patent were presented to the Guild of Marketors and it became a livery company. Reginald Bowden was followed as Master by several other members of the initial working party.

The company is governed by a Court of Assistants. Each year the court elects from its ranks a Master together with a Senior, Middle and Junior Warden. The court is responsible for policy, strategy and overall management of the company, and appoints a clerk to manage its day-to-day affairs. The company's membership is drawn from senior marketing practitioners and marketing services experts, together with recognised marketing academics.

The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of Livery Companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Chartered Accountants, Actuaries, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Insurers, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.

Aims and objectives
The mission of the Worshipful Company of Marketors is to be the City livery company for leaders in marketing. The Marketors promote marketing as a force for economic and public benefit, encouraging marketing education and marketing in practice. The company's presence in the City of London focuses on the need for marketing principles being at the heart of corporate decision-making within the Square Mile and beyond. Like all livery companies following a tradition that is centuries old, Marketors support the City of London and the mayoralty.

The company aims to promote the benefits of marketing and encourage excellence in marketing practice.

Charitable work
One of the most important roles of all livery companies is their charitable work, and the support and recognition given to education and the achievement of excellence in their profession or craft. More than £40 million is given annually to charities by livery companies. Members of the Marketors are expected to make a modest annual contribution to increase the capital of the Marketors' Trust from which awards and bursaries can be funded.

The Marketors’ Charity Marketing Grants Programme, is funded by The Marketors’ Trust, and its aim is to help smaller charities that may have great ideas about marketing campaigns they would like to run but lack the funds to do so.

The trust also makes donations each year to the lord mayor's chosen charities and through advice from its Almoners, also provide assistance to members and their dependants who are in need.

As well as contributing financially to good causes, members who have skills and expertise are also encouraged to engage in voluntary outreach work giving practical marketing help and professional advice.

Events and activities
The Marketors provides a rich and varied programme of formal and social events which are wide-ranging and stimulating, as well as offering a better understanding of many aspects of marketing.

The Great Events
Formal occasions which are held in City livery halls or the Mansion House include several annual dinners or luncheons, and a banquet in honour of the lord mayor.

Professional and social events
There are many professional and social occasions throughout the year, most held in interesting and unusual venues many of which are exclusive to the Marketors.

The company holds a number of marketing focused events, such as lectures and seminars, with the theme of marketing in practice.

151 Regiment, St Dunstan's College CCF and HMS St Albans
Following a livery tradition, many companies maintain close supportive links with units of the armed forces and the Marketors adopted 151 (London) Transport Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps. This link with the regiment provides a further interchange of social activities and also opportunities to work with the regiment on exercises. The Marketors have also established an affiliation to St Dunstan's College Combined Cadet Force, and to the Royal Navy by way of the Type 23 frigate HMS St Albans (F83).

Thought leadership
The Thought Leadership Group (TLG) provides research leadership and promotes discussion and debate between the company, its members, other livery companies, business leaders (especially board members and those operating in the city) and the wider marketing profession. The TLG gives fresh insight into significant issues, especially those likely to have an impact at the board level, whether commercial or not. As a secondary agenda, the TLG takes opportunities to promulgate the basics of good practice to external audiences which lack such knowledge, working with other company committees.

An example of the work the group does is as part of The Tri Livery Digital Media Group alongside the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers and the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists to produce a yearly seminar with notable speakers and with a specifically digital focus – an area of interest to all three companies. The group is also responsible for the production of reports into matters of topical concern.

title: Worshipful Company of Marketors


text:
Middlefield

Middlefield may refer to:

Canada

 * Middlefield, Nova Scotia
 * Middlefield Collegiate Institute, a high school in the area
 * Middlefield Road, a street in Toronto
 * a community in Markham, Ontario

England

 * Middlefield, Stapleford, a mansion in Stapleford, Cambridgeshire

Scotland

 * Middlefield, Aberdeen, a place in Aberdeen
 * Middlefield, Falkirk, a U.K. location

United States

 * Middlefield, Connecticut
 * Middlefield, Massachusetts
 * Middlefield, New York
 * Middlefield, Ohio
 * Middlefield station, a light rail station in Mountain View, California
 * Middlefield Township, Buchanan County, Iowa
 * Middlefield Township, Geauga County, Ohio

title: Middlefield


text:
Egg Harbor

Egg Harbor may refer to the following places in the United States of America:

 * New Jersey
 * Egg Harbor City, New Jersey
 * Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
 * Great Egg Harbor River
 * Mullica River, formerly known as Little Egg Harbor River
 * Little Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
 * Wisconsin
 * Egg Harbor, Wisconsin
 * Egg Harbor (town), Wisconsin

title: Egg Harbor


text:
Samuel Laman Blanchard

Samuel Laman Blanchard (15 May 1804 – 15 February 1845) was a British author and journalist.

Life
The son of a painter and glazier, he was born at Great Yarmouth. He was educated at St Olave's school, Southwark, and then became clerk to a proctor in Doctors' Commons. At an early age he developed an interest in literature, contributing dramatic sketches to a paper called Drama. For a short time he belonged to a travelling theatre company, but then became a proof-reader in London, and wrote for the Monthly Magazine. In 1827 he was made secretary of the Zoological Society, a post he held for three years.

Over-work broke down his strength and, after his wife died in December 1844 of a painful illness, Blanchard entered a depression from which he never recovered. He committed suicide with a razor, and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery.

Works
In 1828 he published Lyric Offerings, dedicated to Charles Lamb. He had a very varied journalistic experience, editing in succession the Monthly Magazine, the True Sun, the Constitutional, the Court Journal, the Courier, and George Cruikshank's Omnibus; and from 1841 until his death he was connected with the Examiner.

In 1846 Edward Bulwer-Lytton collected some of his prose-essays under the title Sketches of Life, to which a memoir of the author was prefixed. His verse was collected in 1876 by William Blanchard Jerrold.

Family
His eldest son was Sidney Laman Blanchard, the author of Yesterday and To-day in India.

title: Samuel Laman Blanchard


text:
Worshipful Company of Actuaries

The Worshipful Company of Actuaries is one of the livery companies of the City of London. The company was founded and became a livery company in 1979, on the same day as the Insurers' Company. The company supports the actuarial profession by awarding scholarships in the field.

The Actuaries' Company ranks ninety-first in the order of precedence for livery companies. Its motto is Experience Foretells and its church is St Lawrence Jewry.

Like the medieval liveries of the City of London, the company plays a full role in the governance of the city, including the election and support of the lord mayor and sheriffs.

Most importantly, through its Charitable Trust, it gives help and support to those who are less fortunate, with an emphasis on making a difference in improving education, particularly in the area of mathematics.

The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of livery companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Chartered Accountants, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Insurers, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.

title: Worshipful Company of Actuaries


text:
Cutlers' Company

Cutlers' Company may refer to at least two trade associations in England:
 * The Worshipful Company of Cutlers, in London, chartered 1416
 * The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire, in Sheffield, founded 1624

title: Cutlers' Company


text:
William Blanchard Jerrold

William Blanchard Jerrold (London 23 December 1826 – 10 March 1884), was an English journalist and author.

Biography
He was born in London, the eldest son of the dramatist, Douglas William Jerrold. Due to his disagreements with the practices at the elite Mao ("Martin's Academy at Old Slaughter's") school, where he was educated for two and a half years, he left school and began working on newspapers at an early age.

He was appointed the Crystal Palace commissioner to Sweden in 1853, and wrote A Brage-Beaker with the Swedes (1854) on his return. In 1855 he was sent to the World's Fair in Paris, the Exposition Universelle, as correspondent for several London papers, and from that time he lived much in Paris. In 1857 he succeeded his father as editor of Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper, a post which he held for twenty-six years.

During the American Civil War he strongly supported the North, and several of his leading articles were reprinted and placarded in New York City by the federal government. He was the founder and president of the English branch of the international literary association for the assimilation of copyright laws.

He is buried with his father at West Norwood Cemetery.

title: William Blanchard Jerrold


text:
Worshipful Company of Insurers

The Worshipful Company of Insurers is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London. It ranks 92nd in the City Livery Companies' order of precedence. Its motto is Omnium Defensor, Latin for Protector of All and its church is St Lawrence Jewry.

The company was formed and became a livery company in 1979, on the same day as the Actuaries' Company. The company is not just a society for those related to insurance and reinsurance but it also supports general charities and the education of students studying in the insurance field, and assists the relief of members, retired members or members suffering hardship, and the wives, widows, children, orphans and others depending upon them.

The company is based at Insurance Hall on Aldermanbury, near London Wall, a building owned and managed by the Chartered Insurance Institute and shared with the Worshipful Company of Firefighters.

The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of Livery Companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Chartered Accountants, Actuaries, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.

The company's governance and activities are managed through a number of committees. These include iWIN, iNED and iENGAGE.

title: Worshipful Company of Insurers


text:
Isentropic process

An isentropic process is an idealized thermodynamic process that is both adiabatic and reversible. The work transfers of the system are frictionless, and there is no net transfer of heat or matter. Such an idealized process is useful in engineering as a model of and basis of comparison for real processes. This process is idealized because reversible processes do not occur in reality; thinking of a process as both adiabatic and reversible would show that the initial and final entropies are the same, thus, the reason it is called isentropic (entropy does not change). Thermodynamic processes are named based on the effect they would have on the system (ex. isovolumetric: constant volume, isenthalpic: constant enthalpy). Even though in reality it is not necessarily possible to carry out an isentropic process, some may be approximated as such.

The word "isentropic" derives from the process being one in which the entropy of the system remains unchanged. In addition to a process which is both adiabatic and reversible, this can also occur in a system where the work done on the system includes friction internal to the system, and heat is withdrawn from the system sufficient to compensate for it so as to leave the entropy unchanged. However, in relation to the Universe, its entropy would increase as a result, in agreement with the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Background
The second law of thermodynamics states that
 * $$T_\text{surr}dS \ge \delta Q,$$

where $$\delta Q$$ is the amount of energy the system gains by heating, $$T_\text{surr}$$is the temperature of the surroundings, and $$dS$$ is the change in entropy. The equal sign refers to a reversible process, which is an imagined idealized theoretical limit, never actually occurring in physical reality, with essentially equal temperatures of system and surroundings. For an isentropic process, if also reversible, there is no transfer of energy as heat because the process is adiabatic; δQ = 0. In contrast, if the process is irreversible, entropy is produced within the system; consequently, in order to maintain constant entropy within the system, energy must be simultaneously removed from the system as heat.

For reversible processes, an isentropic transformation is carried out by thermally "insulating" the system from its surroundings. Temperature is the thermodynamic conjugate variable to entropy, thus the conjugate process would be an isothermal process, in which the system is thermally "connected" to a constant-temperature heat bath.

Isentropic processes in thermodynamic systems
The entropy of a given mass does not change during a process that is internally reversible and adiabatic. A process during which the entropy remains constant is called an isentropic process, written $$ \Delta s=0 $$ or $$ s_1 = s_2 $$. Some examples of theoretically isentropic thermodynamic devices are pumps, gas compressors, turbines, nozzles, and diffusers.

Isentropic efficiencies of steady-flow devices in thermodynamic systems
Most steady-flow devices operate under adiabatic conditions, and the ideal process for these devices is the isentropic process. The parameter that describes how efficiently a device approximates a corresponding isentropic device is called isentropic or adiabatic efficiency.

Isentropic efficiency of turbines:
 * $$ \eta_\text{t} = \frac{\text{actual turbine work}}{\text{isentropic turbine work}} = \frac{W_a}{W_s} \cong \frac{h_1 - h_{2a}}{h_1 - h_{2s}}. $$

Isentropic efficiency of compressors:
 * $$ \eta_\text{c} = \frac{\text{isentropic compressor work}}{\text{actual compressor work}} = \frac{W_s}{W_a} \cong \frac{h_{2s} - h_1}{h_{2a} - h_1}. $$

Isentropic efficiency of nozzles:
 * $$ \eta_\text{n} = \frac{\text{actual KE at nozzle exit}}{\text{isentropic KE at nozzle exit}} = \frac{V_{2a}^2}{V_{2s}^2} \cong \frac{h_1 - h_{2a}}{h_1 - h_{2s}}. $$

For all the above equations:
 * $$ h_1 $$ is the specific enthalpy at the entrance state,
 * $$ h_{2a}$$ is the specific enthalpy at the exit state for the actual process,
 * $$ h_{2s}$$ is the specific enthalpy at the exit state for the isentropic process.

Isentropic devices in thermodynamic cycles
Note: The isentropic assumptions are only applicable with ideal cycles. Real cycles have inherent losses due to compressor and turbine inefficiencies and the second law of thermodynamics. Real systems are not truly isentropic, but isentropic behavior is an adequate approximation for many calculation purposes.

Isentropic flow
In fluid dynamics, an isentropic flow is a fluid flow that is both adiabatic and reversible. That is, no heat is added to the flow, and no energy transformations occur due to friction or dissipative effects. For an isentropic flow of a perfect gas, several relations can be derived to define the pressure, density and temperature along a streamline.

Note that energy can be exchanged with the flow in an isentropic transformation, as long as it doesn't happen as heat exchange. An example of such an exchange would be an isentropic expansion or compression that entails work done on or by the flow.

For an isentropic flow, entropy density can vary between different streamlines. If the entropy density is the same everywhere, then the flow is said to be homentropic.

Derivation of the isentropic relations
For a closed system, the total change in energy of a system is the sum of the work done and the heat added:
 * $$dU = \delta W + \delta Q.$$

The reversible work done on a system by changing the volume is
 * $$\delta W = -p \,dV,$$

where $$p$$ is the pressure, and $$V$$ is the volume. The change in enthalpy ($$H = U + pV$$) is given by
 * $$dH = dU + p \,dV + V \,dp.$$

Then for a process that is both reversible and adiabatic (i.e. no heat transfer occurs), $$ \delta Q_\text{rev} = 0$$, and so $$dS = \delta Q_\text{rev}/T = 0 $$ All reversible adiabatic processes are isentropic. This leads to two important observations:
 * $$dU = \delta W + \delta Q = -p \,dV + 0,$$
 * $$dH = \delta W + \delta Q + p \,dV + V \,dp = -p \,dV + 0 + p \,dV + V \,dp = V \,dp.$$

Next, a great deal can be computed for isentropic processes of an ideal gas. For any transformation of an ideal gas, it is always true that
 * $$dU = n C_v \,dT$$, and $$dH = n C_p \,dT.$$

Using the general results derived above for $$dU$$ and $$dH$$, then
 * $$dU = n C_v \,dT = -p \,dV,$$
 * $$dH = n C_p \,dT = V \,dp.$$

So for an ideal gas, the heat capacity ratio can be written as
 * $$\gamma = \frac{C_p}{C_V} = -\frac{dp/p}{dV/V}.$$

For a calorically perfect gas $$\gamma$$ is constant. Hence on integrating the above equation, assuming a calorically perfect gas, we get
 * $$ pV^\gamma = \text{constant},$$

that is,
 * $$\frac{p_2}{p_1} = \left(\frac{V_1}{V_2}\right)^\gamma.$$

Using the equation of state for an ideal gas, $$p V = n R T$$,
 * $$ TV^{\gamma-1} = \text{constant}.$$

(Proof: $$PV^\gamma = \text{constant} \Rightarrow PV\,V^{\gamma-1} = \text{constant} \Rightarrow nRT\,V^{\gamma-1} = \text{constant}.$$ But nR = constant itself, so $$TV^{\gamma-1} = \text{constant}$$.)

 * $$ \frac{p^{\gamma-1}}{T^\gamma} = \text{constant} $$

also, for constant $$C_p = C_v + R$$ (per mole),
 * $$ \frac{V}{T} = \frac{nR}{p}$$ and $$p = \frac{nRT}{V}$$

 * $$ S_2-S_1 = nC_p \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right) - nR\ln\left(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\right)$$

 * $$ \frac{S_2-S_1}{n} = C_p \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right) - R\ln\left(\frac{T_2 V_1}{T_1 V_2}\right ) = C_v\ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right)+ R \ln\left(\frac{V_2}{V_1}\right)$$

Thus for isentropic processes with an ideal gas,
 * $$ T_2 = T_1\left(\frac{V_1}{V_2}\right)^{(R/C_v)}$$ or $$ V_2 = V_1\left(\frac{T_1}{T_2}\right)^{(C_v/R)}$$

Table of isentropic relations for an ideal gas

 * {| style="bgcolor:white" cellpadding=5

 * align="center" | $$ \frac{T_2}{T_1} $$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{P_2}{P_1} \right )^\frac {\gamma-1}{\gamma}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$\left (\frac{V_1}{V_2} \right )^{(\gamma-1)}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{\rho_2}{\rho_1} \right )^{(\gamma - 1)}$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{T_2}{T_1} \right )^\frac {\gamma}{\gamma-1}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \frac {P_2} {P_1} $$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$\left (\frac{V_1}{V_2} \right )^{\gamma}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{\rho_2}{\rho_1} \right )^{\gamma}$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{T_1}{T_2} \right )^\frac {1}{\gamma-1}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{P_1}{P_2} \right )^\frac {1}{\gamma}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \frac{V_2}{V_1} $$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$\frac{\rho_1}{\rho_2}$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{T_2}{T_1} \right )^\frac {1}{\gamma-1}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \left (\frac{P_2}{P_1} \right )^\frac {1}{\gamma}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$\frac{V_1}{V_2}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \frac{\rho_2}{\rho_1} $$
 * }
 * align="center" | $$\frac{V_1}{V_2}$$
 * align="center" | $$=$$
 * align="center" | $$ \frac{\rho_2}{\rho_1} $$
 * }
 * }

Derived from
 * $$PV^{\gamma} = \text{constant},$$
 * $$PV = m R_s T,$$
 * $$P = \rho R_s T,$$

where:
 * $$P$$ = pressure,
 * $$V$$ = volume,
 * $$\gamma$$ = ratio of specific heats = $$C_p/C_v$$,
 * $$T$$ = temperature,
 * $$m$$ = mass,
 * $$R_s$$ = gas constant for the specific gas = $$R/M$$,
 * $$R$$ = universal gas constant,
 * $$M$$ = molecular weight of the specific gas,
 * $$\rho$$ = density,
 * $$C_p$$ = specific heat at constant pressure,
 * $$C_v$$ = specific heat at constant volume.

title: Isentropic process


text:
Worshipful Company of Arbitrators

The Worshipful Company of Arbitrators is 93rd in the order of precedence of the livery companies of the City of London. The organisation formally became a livery company on 17 March 1981. The company supports education in the field of arbitration. It also functions as a charitable institution. Its motto (as displayed beneath its coat of arms) is Law and Custom, and its church is St Mary-le-BowSt Mary-le-Bow.

As with other livery companies, there are two main categories of membership: liverymen and freemen. Its limit of 300 liverymen was decreed by the Court of Aldermen, all of whom must be freemen of the City of London. Being admitted as a liveryman acknowledges a dedication to good government and order. Only liverymen may be part of the leadership of the company; the master, the senior warden, the junior warden and the Court of Assistants; likewise only liverymen may nominate others for membership.

Company freemen must be of good character and have an interest in and relevant experience of private dispute resolution (while many of the older companies' links with their original trades have expired, most of the newer livery companies maintain close ties with their vocations).

The Arbitrators' Company (as it is alternatively styled) arranges a programme of activities to promote arbitration and interest in arbitration in London. In such matters, it is held to be at the leading edge of ideas and development, in ways that cross boundaries between different dispute resolution specialisations in all fields, including commerce and all business and domestic activities.

The company has established charitable trusts through which it expects to continue building substantial funds, with the aim of supporting education in the field of arbitration.

It provides members with the opportunity of hearing from distinguished experts in its field and to exchange ideas and views in convivial surroundings. It is also dedicated to the promotion of the City of London as the centre of excellence for International Dispute Resolution.

The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of Livery Companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Chartered Accountants, Actuaries, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Insurers, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.

title: Worshipful Company of Arbitrators


text:
Worshipful Company of Engineers

The Worshipful Company of Engineers is one of the livery companies of the City of London. The company was founded and became a livery company in 1983 and was incorporated by royal charter in 2004. The company is for chartered engineers of EC(UK) professional institutions or fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering. It works to promote and develop all aspects of the science, art, and practice of engineering.

The Engineers' Company ranks ninety-fourth in the order of precedence for livery companies. Its motto is Certare Ingenio, Latin for Use Skills to the Best of One's Abilities. Its church is St Vedast-alias-Foster.

Masters
Since the formation of the Company in 1983:

title: Worshipful Company of Engineers


text:
Mahan Air

Mahan Airlines, operating under the name Mahan Air, is a privately owned Iranian airline based in Tehran, Iran. It operates scheduled domestic services and international flights to the Far East, Middle East, Central Asia and Europe. Its main home bases are Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport and Mehrabad International Airport.

Early developments
Mahan Air was established in 1991 as a Full-Service Carrier (FSC) and began operations in June 1992 as Iran's first private airline. The name of Mahan is taken from the city of Mahan in Kerman Province. The airline is wholly owned by the Mol-Al-Movahedin Charity Institute.

Three Airbus A300B4 passenger aircraft were acquired in 1999, and in 2002 A310s and A320s joined the fleet. According to the British High Court, three 747-400s were unlawfully taken by Mahan Air from their real owner, Blue Sky Airlines, in 2008, using forged bills of sale. When ordered to bring the aircraft back to Europe, Mahan claimed it could not do so because it was being investigated by the Iranian authorities for fraud, and the aircraft had to be kept in Iran.

Since 2006 Boeing 747-400s, Airbus A300-600s, Avro RJ-100s, and Airbus A340-600s were gradually acquired. The airline started operations from Tehran to Shanghai in 2011, Guangzhou in 2013, and Beijing in 2014.

The airline carried 5.4 million passengers in 2015 with an average load factor of 77%. In mid-2015, it had a fleet of 60 aircraft. It operates scheduled passenger services to international destinations in Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East. Mahan Air has a domestic route network too. The airline commenced Copenhagen and Paris services in the first half of 2016.

Developments since 2011
On 12 December 2011, the U.S. Department of Treasury announced the designation of Mahan Air as a material and transportation supporter of terrorism, "for providing financial, material and technological support to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force (IRGC-QF). Based in Tehran, Mahan Air provides transportation, funds transfers, and personnel travel services to the IRGC-QF."

On 6 April 2016, Mahan Air was banned from flying over Saudi Arabian airspace.

In 2016, besides Germany and Denmark, Mahan Air started service to Milan and Athens, and to Barcelona the following year. It operated up to 15 weekly flights to China until late 2018.

During the Venezuelan presidential crisis, Mahan Air launched their direct Caracas-Tehran route in April 2019. In January 2019, the German government banned Mahan Air from landing in Germany, where it had formerly served Munich Airport and Düsseldorf Airport, citing Mahan's involvement in Syria and security concerns. France imposed the same ban on 25 March 2019, and Mahan Air was forced to cancel its 4-weekly service to Paris. On 1 November 2019, the Italian government also announced that it would ban Mahan Air flights to the country from 15 December 2019. The move came after United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's visit to Rome, during which he urged Italian officials to stop allowing Iranian airlines to use Italy's airspace. The remaining destinations within the European Union had been Barcelona and seasonally also Athens and Varna since then. However, in April 2020, the airline lost its traffic rights to Spain as well.

According to the BBC, after Iran officially suspended all flights to and from China in 2020, Mahan Air continued flying to China and elsewhere in February and March of that year. The data show that although six flights were used for aid, four others were used to evacuate Iranian citizens from China, and there were a total of 157 additional flights with China from 6 February 2020 to 31 March 2020. Mahan Air was widely blamed for spreading Corona Virus in Iran.

Corporate affairs
Mahan Air is headquartered in Tehran. Its current slogan is "The Spirit of Excellence." Mahan Air loyalty program, called the Mahan Club "Mahan & Miles", includes access to special lounges and dedicated "fast" queues.

Destinations
As of October 2023, Mahan Air operated flights to domestic destinations and international destinations in countries across Asia and Europe. Mahan Air served 45 destinations in 10 countries.

Current fleet
, the Mahan Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:

Historical fleet
Mahan Air has operated the following aircraft types:

Incidents

 * On 23 February 2006, a Mahan Air Airbus A310 operating a flight from Tehran, Iran, was involved in a serious incident while on approach to Birmingham International Airport. The aircraft descended to the published minimum descent altitude of 740 ft despite still being 11 nm from the runway threshold. At a point 6 nm from the runway, the aircraft had descended to an altitude of 660 ft, which was 164 ft above ground level. Having noticed the descent profile, Birmingham air traffic control issued an immediate climb instruction to the aircraft, however, the crew had already commenced a missed approach, having received a GPWS alert. The aircraft was radar-vectored for a second approach, during which the flight crew again initiated an early descent. On this occasion, the radar controller instructed the crew to maintain their altitude, and the crew completed the approach to a safe landing. The accident investigation determined that the primary cause was the use of the incorrect DME for the approach, combined with a substantial breakdown in Crew Resource Management. Three safety recommendations were made.
 * On 23 September 2013, a Boeing 747-300 registered EP-MNE operating as Flight 5070 from Kerman to Medina aborted takeoff after V1 and excursed from the runway. All 443 people survived, and only 13 were injured. The aircraft was repaired and returned to service but would be involved in another accident two years later.
 * On 13 June 2014, an Airbus A310 registered EP-MNX was struck by a passenger bus while parked at Tehran-Imam Khomeini International Airport. The aircraft was unoccupied at the time of the incident and was repaired.
 * On 15 October 2015, the same aircraft involved in the Flight 5070 incident operating as Flight 1095 from Tehran to Bandar Abbas, experienced an engine failure after taking off from Tehran. The aircraft returned to Tehran and made an emergency landing with no injuries to the 441 people on board reported. The aircraft was almost damaged beyond repair. However, in April 2021, after being in a C-Check and being repaired for over six years, the plane was re-activated.
 * On 24 December 2015, Mahan Air Flight 112, an Airbus A310 registered EP-MNP, rolled off the apron at Istanbul while taxiing at Istanbul Atatürk Airport. All 166 people survived, and the aircraft was repaired.
 * On 19 June 2016, a British Aerospace BAe-146-300 registered EP-MOF operating as Flight 4525 from Ahvaz to Khark overran the runway after landing at Khark Airport and was substantially damaged. All 89 people on board survived with no injuries, but the aircraft was declared a hull loss.
 * On 23 July 2020, it was reported that a Mahan Air Airbus A310-300 registered EP-MNF operating as Flight 1152 from Tehran to Beirut, was escorted by American fighter jets over Syrian airspace. The airplane landed in Beirut with three injuries reported.
 * On 3 October 2022, a bomb threat on Mahan Air Flight 81, an Airbus A340, travelling from Tehran to Guangzhou caused the Indian Air Force to scramble fighter jets as the aircraft passed through Indian airspace. The threat was received at Delhi air traffic control from Lahore air traffic control when the aircraft was about 200 km west of Delhi. The flight made three circles as it waited to land in Delhi, but was denied. The flight then offered to land at other Indian airports, but the requests were not taken up. The bomb threat was later called a hoax on receiving information from Tehran and only then was the flight able to reach its destination.
 * On 26 December 2022, Mahan Air (W5) Flight 63 from Tehran (IKA) to Dubai International Airport (DXB) made an abrupt diversion to Kish International Airport (KIH), as it was approaching Dubai over the Persian Gulf. The Airbus A340 was reportedly ordered to land by Iranian authorities to prevent the wife and daughter of Ali Daei, Iran's most famous footballer, from leaving the country.

title: Mahan Air