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Plasma diagnostics

Plasma diagnostics are a pool of methods, instruments, and experimental techniques used to measure properties of a plasma, such as plasma components' density, distribution function over energy (temperature), their spatial profiles and dynamics, which enable to derive plasma parameters.

Ball-pen probe
A ball-pen probe is novel technique used to measure directly the plasma potential in magnetized plasmas. The probe was invented by Jiří Adámek in the Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR in 2004. The ball-pen probe balances the electron saturation current to the same magnitude as that of the ion saturation current. In this case, its floating potential becomes identical to the plasma potential. This goal is attained by a ceramic shield, which screens off an adjustable part of the electron current from the probe collector due to the much smaller gyro–radius of the electrons. The electron temperature is proportional to the difference of ball-pen probe(plasma potential) and Langmuir probe (floating potential) potential. Thus, the electron temperature can be obtained directly with high temporal resolution without additional power supply.

Faraday cup
The conventional Faraday cup is applied for measurements of ion (or electron) flows from plasma boundaries and for mass spectrometry.

Langmuir probe
Measurements with electric probes, called Langmuir probes, are the oldest and most often used procedures for low-temperature plasmas. The method was developed by Irving Langmuir and his co-workers in the 1920s, and has since been further developed in order to extend its applicability to more general conditions than those presumed by Langmuir. Langmuir probe measurements are based on the estimation of current versus voltage characteristics of a circuit consisting of two metallic electrodes that are both immersed in the plasma under study. Two cases are of interest: (a) The surface areas of the two electrodes differ by several orders of magnitude. This is known as the single-probe method. (b) The surface areas are very small in comparison with the dimensions of the vessel containing the plasma and approximately equal to each other. This is the double-probe method.

Conventional Langmuir probe theory assumes collisionless movement of charge carriers in the space charge sheath around the probe. Further it is assumed that the sheath boundary is well-defined and that beyond this boundary the plasma is completely undisturbed by the presence of the probe. This means that the electric field caused by the difference between the potential of the probe and the plasma potential at the place where the probe is located is limited to the volume inside the probe sheath boundary.

The general theoretical description of a Langmuir probe measurement requires the simultaneous solution of the Poisson equation, the collision-free Boltzmann equation or Vlasov equation, and the continuity equation with regard to the boundary condition at the probe surface and requiring that, at large distances from the probe, the solution approaches that expected in an undisturbed plasma.

Magnetic (B-dot) probe
If the magnetic field in the plasma is not stationary, either because the plasma as a whole is transient or because the fields are periodic (radio-frequency heating), the rate of change of the magnetic field with time ($$\dot B$$, read "B-dot") can be measured locally with a loop or coil of wire. Such coils exploit Faraday's law, whereby a changing magnetic field induces an electric field. The induced voltage can be measured and recorded with common instruments. Also, by Ampere's law, the magnetic field is proportional to the currents that produce it, so the measured magnetic field gives information about the currents flowing in the plasma. Both currents and magnetic fields are important in understanding fundamental plasma physics.

Energy analyzer
An energy analyzer is a probe used to measure the energy distribution of the particles in a plasma. The charged particles are typically separated by their velocities from the electric and/or magnetic fields in the energy analyzer, and then discriminated by only allowing particles with the selected energy range to reach the detector.

Energy analyzers that use an electric field as the discriminator are also known as retarding field analyzers. It usually consists of a set of grids biased at different potentials to set up an electric field to repel particles lower than the desired amount of energy away from the detector. Analyzers with cylindrical or conical face-field can be more effective in such measurements.

In contrast, energy analyzers that employ the use of a magnetic field as a discriminator are very similar to mass spectrometers. Particles travel through a magnetic field in the probe and require a specific velocity in order to reach the detector. These were first developed in the 1960s, and are typically built to measure ions. (The size of the device is on the order the particle's gyroradius because the discriminator intercepts the path of the gyrating particle.)

The energy of neutral particles can also be measured by an energy analyzer, but they first have to be ionized by an electron impact ionizer.

Proton radiography
Proton radiography uses a proton beam from a single source to interact with the magnetic field and/or the electric field in the plasma and the intensity profile of the beam is measured on a screen after the interaction. The magnetic and electric fields in the plasma deflect the beam's trajectory and the deflection causes modulation in the intensity profile. From the intensity profile, one can measure the integrated magnetic field and/or electric field.

Self Excited Electron Plasma Resonance Spectroscopy (SEERS)
Nonlinear effects like the I-V characteristic of the boundary sheath are utilized for Langmuir probe measurements but they are usually neglected for modelling of RF discharges due to their very inconvenient mathematical treatment. The Self Excited Electron Plasma Resonance Spectroscopy (SEERS) utilizes exactly these nonlinear effects and known resonance effects in RF discharges. The nonlinear elements, in particular the sheaths, provide harmonics in the discharge current and excite the plasma and the sheath at their series resonance characterized by the so-called geometric resonance frequency.

SEERS provides the spatially and reciprocally averaged electron plasma density and the effective electron collision rate. The electron collision rate reflects stochastic (pressure) heating and ohmic heating of the electrons.

The model for the plasma bulk is based on 2d-fluid model (zero and first order moments of Boltzmann equation) and the full set of the Maxwellian equations leading to the Helmholtz equation for the magnetic field. The sheath model is based additionally on the Poisson equation.

Passive spectroscopy
Passive spectroscopic methods simply observe the radiation emitted by the plasma. They can be collected by diagnostics such as the filterscope, which is used in various tokamak devices.

Doppler shift
If the plasma (or one ionic component of the plasma) is flowing in the direction of the line of sight to the observer, emission lines will be seen at a different frequency due to the Doppler effect.

Doppler broadening
The thermal motion of ions will result in a shift of emission lines up or down, depending on whether the ion is moving toward or away from the observer. The magnitude of the shift is proportional to the velocity along the line of sight. The net effect is a characteristic broadening of spectral lines, known as Doppler broadening, from which the ion temperature can be determined.

Stark effect
The splitting of some emission lines due to the Stark effect can be used to determine the local electric field.

Stark broadening
Irrespectively of the presence of macroscopic electric fields, any single atom is affected by microscopic electric fields due to the neighboring charged plasma particles. This results in the Stark broadening of spectral lines that can be used to determine the plasma density.

Spectral line ratios
The brightness of spectral lines emitted by atoms in a plasma depends on the plasma temperature and density.

If a sufficiently complete collisional radiative model is used, the temperature (and, to a lesser degree, density) of plasmas can often be inferred by taking ratios of the emission intensities of various atomic spectral lines.

Zeeman effect
The presence of a magnetic field splits the atomic energy levels due to the Zeeman effect. This leads to broadening or splitting of spectral lines. Analyzing these lines can, therefore, yield the magnetic field strength in the plasma.

Active spectroscopy
Active spectroscopic methods stimulate the plasma atoms in some way and observe the result (emission of radiation, absorption of the stimulating light or others).

Absorption spectroscopy
By shining through the plasma a laser with a wavelength, tuned to a certain transition of one of the species present in the plasma, the absorption profile of that transition could be obtained. This profile provides information not only for the plasma parameters, that could be obtained from the emission profile, but also for the line-integrated number density of the absorbing species.

Beam emission spectroscopy
A beam of neutral atoms is fired into a plasma. Some atoms are excited by collisions within the plasma and emit radiation. This can be used to probe density fluctuations in a turbulent plasma.

Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy
In extremely high-temperature plasmas, such as those found in magnetic fusion experiments, light elements become fully ionized and do not emit line radiation. However, when a beam of neutral atoms is fired into the plasma, a process known as charge exchange occurs. During charge exchange, electrons from the neutral beam atoms are transferred to the highly energetic plasma ions, leading to the formation of hydrogenic ions. These newly formed ions promptly emit line radiation, which is subsequently analyzed to obtain information about the plasma, including ion density, temperature, and velocity.

One example of this is the Fast-Ion Deuterium-Alpha (FIDA) method employed in tokamaks. In this technique, charge exchange occurs between the neutral beam atoms and the fast deuterium ions present in the plasma. This method exploits the substantial Doppler shift exhibited by Balmer-alpha light emitted by the energetic atoms in order to determine the density of the fast ions.

Laser-induced fluorescence
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique employed for the investigation of plasma properties by observing the fluorescence emitted when the plasma is stimulated by laser radiation. This method allows for the measurement of plasma parameters such as ion flow, ion temperature, magnetic field strength, and plasma density. Typically, tunable dye lasers are utilized to carry out these measurements. The pioneering application of LIF in plasma physics occurred in 1975 when researchers used it to measure the ion velocity distribution function in an argon plasma. Various LIF techniques have since been developed, including the one-photon LIF technique and the two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF).

Two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence
TALIF is a modification of the laser-induced fluorescence technique. In this approach, the upper energy level is excited through the absorption of two photons, and subsequent fluorescence resulting from the radiative decay of the excited level is observed. TALIF is capable of providing precise measurements of absolute ground state atomic densities, such as those of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. However, achieving such precision necessitates appropriate calibration methods, which can be accomplished through titration or a more modern approach involving a comparison with a noble gases.

TALIF also offers insight into the temperature of species within the plasma, apart from atomic densities. However, this requires the use of lasers with a high spectral resolution to distinguish the Gaussian contribution of temperature broadening against the natural broadening of the two-photon excitation profile and the spectral broadening of the laser itself.

Photodetachment
Photodetachment combines Langmuir probe measurements with an incident laser beam. The incident laser beam is optimised, spatially, spectrally, and pulse energy, to detach an electron bound to a negative ion. Langmuir probe measurements are conducted to measure the electron density in two situations, one without the incident laser and one with the incident laser. The increase in the electron density with the incident laser gives the negative ion density.

Motional Stark effect
If an atom is moving in a magnetic field, the Lorentz force will act in opposite directions on the nucleus and the electrons, just as an electric field does. In the frame of reference of the atom, there is an electric field, even if there is none in the laboratory frame. Consequently, certain lines will be split by the Stark effect. With an appropriate choice of beam species and velocity and of geometry, this effect can be used to determine the magnetic field in the plasma.

Optical effects from free electrons
The optical diagnostics above measure line radiation from atoms. Alternatively, the effects of free charges on electromagnetic radiation can be used as a diagnostic.

Electron cyclotron emission
In magnetized plasmas, electrons will gyrate around magnetic field lines and emit cyclotron radiation. The frequency of the emission is given by the cyclotron resonance condition. In a sufficiently thick and dense plasma, the intensity of the emission will follow Planck's law, and only depend on the electron temperature.

Faraday rotation
The Faraday effect will rotate the plane of polarization of a beam passing through a plasma with a magnetic field in the direction of the beam. This effect can be used as a diagnostic of the magnetic field, although the information is mixed with the density profile and is usually an integral value only.

Interferometry
If a plasma is placed in one arm of an interferometer, the phase shift will be proportional to the plasma density integrated along the path.

Thomson scattering
Scattering of laser light from the electrons in a plasma is known as Thomson scattering. The electron temperature can be determined very reliably from the Doppler broadening of the laser line. The electron density can be determined from the intensity of the scattered light, but a careful absolute calibration is required. Although Thomson scattering is dominated by scattering from electrons, since the electrons interact with the ions, in some circumstances information on the ion temperature can also be extracted.

Neutron diagnostics
Fusion plasmas using D-T fuel produce 3.5 MeV alpha particles and 14.1 MeV neutrons. By measuring the neutron flux, plasma properties such as ion temperature and fusion power can be determined.

title: Plasma diagnostics


text:
User talk:Waelder

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Dori | Talk 18:52, Dec 2, 2003 (UTC)

Howard Zinn's birth
moved from your talk page Knowledge Of Self  |  talk. 05:11, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Hi, would you explain the basis of changing the date of Howard Zinn's birth? Thanks. skywriter 05:09, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

First of all: the other language wikis de:Howard Zinn, sv:Howard Zinn and nl:Howard Zinn and also the en.wikiquote.org have the december 7 date. Then after googling around I also found the following 3 sites with this date. One site has the august 24 date: So I think it's the december date. At least we should not have different dates in the language wikis. --Waelder 18:32, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.chicagoboyz.net/archives/002159.html
 * http://www.mp3.com/howard-zinn/artists/328645/biography.html
 * http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/music/artist/card/0,,728860,00.html
 * http://www.nndb.com/people/395/000026317/

Hi, please see discussion on Howard Zinn page on indisputable fact that his birtdate is not December 7 and why this is a frequently made error, in Zinn's own humorous words. I am copying this discussion to the Howard Zinn discussion page because this error keeps cropping up, and this discussion should appear there. Thanks for your reply. skywriter 20:14, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. - Mys  e  kurity ( have you seen this? ) 03:08, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

If you want to discuss some of my 'contributions (NOT experiments) in this wiki then specify: Thanks. --Waelder 18:37, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) the article
 * 2) what I have done wrong

 * What I was specifically referring to was the Howard Zinn birthdate (which is posted above). Excuse me for my lateness, but I added verror to your page, which produced that message. Your adding of the incorrect date was an error, and thus, I posted that template. It appears you are alright now, but I was just going through the page and warning others as to the correct date. Thank you, and happy editing. - Mys  e  kurity ( have you seen this? ) 21:47, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Waelder


text:
User talk:Ryuukuro

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

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Dori | Talk 18:52, Dec 2, 2003 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Ryuukuro! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:01, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Min Ayahana -

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Ryuukuro


text:
Quadling Country

The Quadling Country is the southern division of L. Frank Baum's fictional Land of Oz, first introduced in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). The surroundings and the clothes worn by the locals are red. Like the Munchkin Country, the outer regions of the Quadling Country are rich, being inhabited by kind and friendly people, while the areas closer to the Emerald City (most of the regions between the mountains of the Hammerheads, the enclave of Dainty China Country and the Forest of the Fighting Trees) are forbidden and dangerous.

Etymology
Michael Patrick Hearn suggests the name Quadling means "a small inhabitant of the fourth country."

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

 * The Palace of Glinda - A palace that is home to Glinda (also known in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and other Oz books as the Good Witch of the South).
 * The Forest of the Fighting Trees - A forest whose northern row of sentient trees have the power to use their branches to fling away anyone who attempts to enter the forest.
 * The Dainty China Country - An area where all of its people and buildings are made of china.
 * Mountain of the Hammer-Heads - The hills in which dwell the belligerent and armless Hammer-Heads
 * Unnamed Forest - A forest whose animals hail the Cowardly Lion as their king after he had defeated a giant spider that terrorized the forest.

The Emerald City of Oz

 * Miss Cuttenclip - A little girl who cuts paper dolls from live paper called Cuttenclips. The Cuttenclips live in Cuttenclip Village which has walls surrounding it to keep the winds from blowing the Cuttenclips away.
 * Fuddlecumjig - A village that is home to the Fuddles (who are made from puzzle pieces and have to be reassembled often).
 * Utensia - A kingdom inhabited by animated utensils.
 * Bunbury - A land where all the inhabitants are animated baked goods (like breads, buns, muffins, cakes, doughnuts, etc.). It is hidden in the same forest where Bunnybury is located. The trees in Bunbury are doughleanders and doughderas which produce a good crop of dough-nuts in season.
 * Bunnybury - A land where intelligent and civilized rabbits walk on their hind legs and wear clothes. It is hidden in the same forest where Bunbury is located. Glinda created Bunnybury because she was fond of rabbits.
 * Rigmarole Town - It is one of the Defensive Settlements of Oz. The Rigmaroles live here so they don't have to torture innocent people.
 * Flutterbudget Center - It is one of the Defensive Settlements of Oz and located near the Winkie Country border in Quadling Country. All the Flutterbudgets of the Land of Oz are gathered here to protect normal citizens from their constant unfounded worrying.

The Patchwork Girl of Oz

 * Mister Yoop - A captive "untamed giant."
 * The Hoppers - A race of one-legged cave dwellers who travel by hopping.
 * The Horners - A race of strange creatures with a single horn on their head.
 * Trick River - A river that flows through Quadling Country. It flows between Winkie Country and the mountain where the Hoppers and the Horners live. The Trick River has a tendency to change its flowing directions.

The Scarecrow of Oz

 * Jinxland - A monarchy separated from the rest of the Quadling Country by a gorge.
 * Great Waterfall - A waterfall that is the highest in the land.

Grampa in Oz

 * Ragbad - Home of King Fumbo, Queen Sew-and-Sew, and their son Prince Tatters. Its economy is based on growing textiles.

The Lost King of Oz

 * Morrow - It is the home of King Pastoria's castle-type hunting lodge. Morrow is currently in disrepair when it was visited by Dorothy, the Wizard of Oz, Betsy Bobbin, Trot, and others.

Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz

 * Baron Lands - A section of rolling valleys and hills in Quadling Country that are ruled over by the Barons who are independent from Glinda and Princess Ozma.
 * Bourne - A location in the Baron Lands that is the home of Baron Belfaygor.
 * Baffleburg - A location in the Baron Lands that strikes terror in the other areas of the Baron Lands. Mogodore the Mighty ruled Baffleburg. When Mogodore's plot was thwarted, he and his men were reduced to their true form of the Reddies and Mogodore was also shrunk to their size as well.
 * Chimneyville - A city where its inhabitants are made of smoke and the city is made up of chimneys.
 * Soot City - A location underneath Chimneyville.
 * Goody Shop - A store set up in the northern part of Quadling Country. Its shopkeeper is an old woman who sells "good" items like Good Advice, Good Manners, and Good Days and does not accept money while also thinks that buy also means "bye."
 * Scare City - A walled city in the northern part of Quadling Country. It is inhabited by the Scares, a race of grotesque beings.
 * Swing City - A city that consists of nets and trapezes.

Appearances in modern works
In Gregory Maguire's revisionist Oz novels Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West and Son of a Witch, Quadling Country is described as a largely undeveloped, swampy region, with the ruddy-faced Quadlings being portrayed as artistic and sexually free. It is also stated that in Oz they represent the lowest of the low in humans. This province is located directly south, the Yellow Brick Road breaks into the mountains of the Quadling Kells to end in the capital, Qhoyre, a city made of red stones and high balconies, with its red-skinned inhabitants living in hot rooms invaded by wild insects and drinking the native drink: red mint tea; The quadlings themselves describe their homeland as "poor but incredibly beautiful", a river, Waterslip, runs along a short dry red brick road, connecting Qhoyre with Ovvels, a village hanging on the trees, just above the humid marshes and swamps, hiding underwater rubies and an exotic wildlife. Here is where Elphaba (the Wicked Witch of the West), Nessarose (the Wicked Witch of the East) and Shell are raised, though they are natives of Munchkinland. Despite its unprofitable swampy soil, Quadling Country is reported to be situated above vast deposits of rubies, and for this reason the Wizard sends his forces to clear the area for mining. This campaign results in the decimation of both the population and the ecosystem of the area.

In Oz: The Great and Powerful, the Quadlings are inhabitants of Glinda's kingdom. They are kind-hearted, simple country folk who are mostly farmers with no fighting experience. Nonetheless, they joined Glinda's army against the Wicked Witch of the East. They display little preference for the color red. Part of the Dainty China Country also appears, having been ravaged by the Wicked Witch of the East's winged baboons with China Girl as the sole survivor.

title: Quadling Country


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Talk:The Inheritors (Conrad and Ford novel)

Untitled
There is also a William Golding novel (1955) of the same name. We need disambiguation here. -- Alan Peakall 18:54, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:JC&FMB TheInheritors.jpg
Image:JC&FMB TheInheritors.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 10:07, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
This article is a mess. Someone seriously needs to organize it.--StevenFurtado 04:11, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
 * It doesn't seem to be about the novel (and I'm working my way through that at the moment). I was about to take out the POV and personal experience stuff from the article when it seems the article is relying on the book to discuss classes of vampires today. Is this supposed to be in an article on vampires, instead? When I've read it, I'll write the plot of the novel itself. Julia Rossi (talk) 05:50, 16 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The novel doesn't mention Vampires at all, and uses the metaphor of the fourth dimension to explain a shift from a generation of people who have values to a generation who believe in expediency, supreme political power, and bringing down the old order. So if nobody minds, I'll take out the vampire based text, just so people understand I'm not blanking the article. Julia Rossi (talk) 00:34, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

No longer stub?
Since it's relevant to the novel now, feel this article is no longer stub class. Can someone change it, please? Julia Rossi (talk) 10:41, 25 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I did. Julia Rossi (talk) 05:29, 5 February 2008 (UTC)


text:
International Federation of Liberal Youth

The International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY) is an international liberal youth organization. It consists of a global membership of national youth organizations. These are often but not exclusively affiliated with political parties that are members of Liberal International.

IFLRY holds full member status to Liberal International and the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and European Union areas and works closely with both these bodies. Since 2014, IFLRY has held special consultative status to ECOSOC. IFLRY also holds observer status to UNFCCC and has sent delegations to COP since COP15 in Copenhagen in 2009.

History
IFLRY continues the tradition of two predecessors. The first was the World Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth (WFLRY), founded in 1947 in Cambridge, United Kingdom. WFLRY aimed to be a global organization, but mostly had active members in Europe. This led in 1969 to the separate forming of the European Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth (EFLRY). WFLRY was dissolved in 1978.

In 1979, at the EFLRY 6th Congress in Silkeborg, Denmark, EFLRY renamed itself IFLRY International Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth. This marked the start of a global expansion of the organization. The 6th Congress is thus recognized as the founding congress of IFLRY.

In 2001, the organization was renamed into IFLRY – International Federation of Liberal Youth.

Structure
IFLRY's highest body is the General Assembly, which meets at least every year. It adopts IFLRY's political platform, the Manifesto, and decides about IFLRY's activities. These are stated in a two-year Programme of Action. The General Assembly also decides on the federation's policies by adopting resolutions. Furthermore, the General Assembly elects the Bureau and decides upon the budget.

The Executive Committee is composed of one representative from each member organisation and the Bureau. It meets twice a year and takes all policy decisions within the framework of the General Assembly's resolutions.

The IFLRY Bureau consists of a President, a Secretary General, a Treasurer and four Vice-Presidents. The Bureau has the responsibility for IFLRY's day-to-day management and is elected every two years. The IFLRY Bureau appoints an Executive Director who runs the IFLRY secretariat in Berlin.

Bureau 2024-2025
Source:

 * Bram Roodhart (JOVD, ), President
 * Tirza Drent (JD, ), Secretary General
 * Sam Hudis (YDA, 🇺🇸), Treasurer
 * Aliona Dobryden (EYU, 🇺🇦), Vice President
 * Arne Nelson (YDA, 🇺🇸), Vice President
 * Hania Knio (FY, 🇱🇧), Vice President
 * Kai Pischke (YL, ), Vice President

Regional board members:
 * Ioana Abaseaca (LYMEC, Europe)
 * Jeremiah Tomas (CALD Youth, Asia)
 * Farah Irqsusi (AYUFD, MENA-region)
 * Luyolo Mphithi (ALYF, Africa)
 * Juanma Redolfi (JULAC, Latin America)

Programmes
A major part of the activities within IFLRY are organized through various programmes. These are the current IFLRY programmes:
 * Belarus & Ukraine
 * Caucasus
 * Climate Change
 * Gender Equality
 * Free Trade
 * Human Rights
 * Latin America
 * Pool of Trainers
 * Libel

Oceania
No national member organizations at the moment.


text:
User talk:Korath

Sad to see you go
Oh no, sad to hear that you won't be back. :( =Nichalp   «Talk»=  18:19, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Thankyou
Thankyou for informing me that I should not un-nomanate articles that are nomanated for deletion, as I did not know prior to you informing. mcjakeqcool Mcjakeqcool (talk) 17:50, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

Blue Print
I've reverted your redirect, as Blue Print (the Atari game) isn't about Blueprints (the architects drawings). --Elen of the Roads (talk) 12:32, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * The game's from Bally Midway, and if an article were written on it, it would belong at Blue Print (video game). Like Blue print, Blue Print should redirect to its primary topic, with the niche item (which doesn't even have an article) linked from Blueprint (disambiguation).  Certainly the redirect's better than the redlink this substub is going to turn into. —Korath (Talk) 18:58, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * You're right, of course, but perhaps better to wait until it does get deleted......?--Elen of the Roads (talk) 09:16, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

White-label product
I'm sorry, but I don't see how the edit by 80.179.211.220 on the article is spam. It's a real subject, and the referenced article talks about white labeling, and expands the subject. And it's most certainly not a minor change.

I'd love to hear your opinion on that, but in the meanwhile, I'm returning the change.

NetHunter (talk) 16:00, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Look at it in the context of that ip's contributions, and 87.69.68.111's, and likely others - 100% of them are to either promote that site or remove mention of its competitors. (I don't remember for sure whether it's the same site behind, , , , , but I rather suspect it is.)  You may also want to speak to User:Hu12, who initially removed it. —Korath (Talk) 04:03, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Dot Hack page bug
Everytime I try to edit dot hack... it reverts... DotHackFan - User - Creator 03:57, 8 October 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by DotHackFan (talk • contribs)

File:Numanumanewspaper.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Numanumanewspaper.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. —  pd_THOR  undefined | 22:18, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

Stop deleting My Library from the list of JS libraries
Do you have any idea what you are doing? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.186.8.72 (talk) 03:59, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, though you clearly do not. The way to challenge a deletion discussion is at deletion review, providing independent, reliable sources to verify its content, not by spamming external links into every vaguely-related article you can find. —Korath (Talk) 09:27, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

That two-year-old deletion discussion is irrelevant today (and really was then). Why are you adding SWFObject and removing a library that has a much better Flash module? Because _you_ have never heard of it? Do you know anything about browser scripting at all? If not, you need to stop making snap judgments about which scripts are notable. If jQuery is notable, then My Library must be as jQuery is downstream from My Library in terms of ideas. Get it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.186.8.72 (talk) 13:28, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Why, yes, other stuff does exist. jQuery is a priori notable because it's actually been noted by reliable sources people independent of it.  But that is irrelevant to the subject at hand—unlike the deletion discussion, in which sourcing was attempted and failed.  You claim My Library is notable?  WP:PROVEIT.  Otherwise, you're on a short road to a block. —Korath (Talk) 15:58, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Look, let me come at it from another angle. List articles like List of JavaScript libraries only have entries that either have articles on Wikipedia, or a reasonable expectation that there will be an article in the future (which is why there are some redlinks there).  My Library doesn't have an article, and there's no current expectation that it will - any such article would be immediately speedy-deleted because of the prior deletion discussion; and essentially the only way to get that deletion discussion overturned is to provide significant coverage in reliable source that are independent of the subject.  The author of the previous article didn't provide any; the editors at the deletion discussion weren't able to find any; and I haven't been able to find any either.  (Not least because the library's name makes it impossible to google.)  All you have to do is to provide such sources, and I'll push it through the bureaucracy to get the article restored for you. —Korath (Talk) 17:34, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Thanks for your help. It has been widely discussed on Usenet (and other Internet forums). Usenet is where programming is typically discussed.

Google "My Library" + Javascript. Or "Browser scripting library" and note it is #1 (and has been for years). I am NOT a spammer. I know the library is as relevant (or more) than what is currently listed here.

And what is a reputable source? Ajaxian?! Those bums didn't post an article because I said their site sucks (and it does). So that's where we are at. Make no mistake that My Library is notable (and very well-known at this point). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.186.8.72 (talk) 02:27, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I did try "My Library" +JavaScript; the first hit is indeed for My Library, as are a few of the others, but the overwhelming majority are still unrelated. The second hit typifies these: "I have been working on a new JavaScript Library. ... My library is heavily influenced by..."  I wasn't able to find anything that was both clearly about My Library and what's considered a reliable source on Wikipedia.

 * Reliable sources describes what's accepted as reliable sources at Wikipedia, and the relevant section of the page is Reliable sources, which covers Internet forums specifically and is usually cited when talking about Usenet.

 * Getting this article through Deletion Review citing primarily Usenet would be extremely difficult; I would need to be able to point at specific Usenet posts written by independently-published authors, as per the third paragraph of Reliable sources. This isn't something I can reasonably do; not only do I no longer have direct access to Usenet (and I've always found Google Groups' interface so clumsy as to be unusable), but, with no more than a name and possibly an email address, I can't distinguish between a published author (whose posts could be cited) and a competent but unknown programmer (whose posts could not), since JavaScript is not my field.

 * The situation is worsened since the guideline that governs article inclusion is not specifically Reliable sources, but Notability, which essentially states that not only do the cited sources have to be reliable (per the Reliable sources guideline), but they have to by independent of the subject. This would exclude even published authors' postings if those authors had contributed to My Library.  On the other hand, if something they've written about My Library has been independently published (in dead tree form, on a website with independent fact-checking, etc.), the involvement of the publishers is sufficient to make the source independent. —Korath (Talk) 07:31, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Open Watcom Assembler
Hi, Korath. Articles for deletion/JWASM, a discussion in which you participated, was closed as redirect to Open Watcom Assembler. Open Watcom Assembler has now been nominated for deletion due to notability concerns. If you would like to participate in the discussion, please comment at Articles for deletion/Open Watcom Assembler. Thanks, Cunard (talk) 09:12, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Requests for undeletion
You responded to an undeletion request with the statement "It was deleted by Stifle as a result of Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phi Kappa Pi (fraternity), where C.Fred, whom you so blithely attack, argued for its retention."

Could you please provide diffs for the attacks you have identified. Cheers. Weakopedia (talk) 11:33, 17 April 2010 (UTC)

Twtter Applications Mod
Any insight about why you deleted the Prognosticator entry to the Twitter Applications page? Jarnarcos (talk) 21:47, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Just as I wrote in the edit summary, Prognosticator should have an article before it's included in List of Twitter services and applications. This list has been particularly prone to spam links, so we've strictly applied the article-exists-first requirement specified in Stand-alone lists, External links #20, and Write the Article First.  The alternative was deleting the list entirely, as was discussed at Articles for deletion/List of Twitter services and applications.

 * Short version: write an article at Prognosticator, referenced to third-party, reliable sources, first, and then include it on the list of applications. —Korath (Talk) 22:10, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Apparent systematic removal of Bitcoin
Hi there, I am interested to hear why you appear to have taken it upon yourself to systematically remove all reference to Bitcoin from the pages it is referenced by. prat (talk) 11:04, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Those pages are Electronic money, Peer-to-peer, Alternative currency, Crypto-anarchism and ISO 4217. The only one that could be questioned is the latter, and the justification for adding it is that currency code redirects there are present. prat (talk) 11:09, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Crude-EU25-colored.png
Thank you for uploading File:Crude-EU25-colored.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 22:09, 29 August 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 22:09, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

Deletion review/Log/2010 December 3
Because you participated in Articles for deletion/Valeri Lilov (2nd nomination), you may be interested in Deletion review/Log/2010 December 3. Cunard (talk) 09:57, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

Retired
Are you sure you won't be coming back? MezzoMezzo (talk) 11:07, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Korath


text:
Talk:Blackgang Chine

Untitled
This place keeps on falling into the sea, so the park owner has to keep moving the rides back every couple of years.
 * Indeed. Also: I love it. Childhood nostalgia thing. I was the sad git who wrote the entire park guide, bar one sentence. Makron1n 23:19, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Park guide
As part of some work I have been doing to try and improve this article I was thinking about changing the park guide section to a table, with possible column headers as "Ride", "Date Opened", "Description", "Image" and possibly others if anyone else has any other ideas. So what does everyone think of this? Agree/Disagree? Feel free to comment as ever! Editor5807 speak 23:59, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Why not? Sounds like a sensible idea. Naturenet | Talk 08:14, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Reassessment
Although admittedly I have added quite a lot of the content to this page, I feel it has improved a lot since I first started and is now definitely up to C class. As a result, I have changed the project headers to show this. Of course if anyone does disagree with this then feel free to change it, as I was the main contributer, it may not be objective... In addition, if there are any other ideas for improvement please comment as well! Thanks Editor5807 speak  18:59, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Too many images
There are far too many images in this largely promotional article. Ehrenkater (talk) 16:14, 26 March 2024 (UTC)

 * There probably are. But the ongoing record of various rides and features is a useful one, which becomes less promotional and more notable as time goes on. I think this should not be lost. Naturenet | Talk 09:18, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blackgang Chine


text:
User talk:BIG J~enwiki

I WOULD LIKE TO GET A BOOK ON THE HISTORY ON PARIS, ONTARIO. MY MOTHERR WAS BORN IN PARIS, ONTARIO ON DECEMBER 31, 1918 AND SHE HAS ONE SISTER STILL LIVING AND SHE WAS BORN IN 1915. THERE WAS 3 GIRLS AND ONE BOY, THE BOY, BILLY, DIDED AT A VERY EARLY STAGE IN HIS LIFE. THE THREE GIRLS, AND THEIR PARENTS MOVED TO ISLINGTON, ONTARIO, IN 1928. MY GRANDFATHER WAS EMPLOYED MY ONTARIO HYDRO,AND HE HAD A CREW THAT HUNG THE WIRES ON THE LARGE TOWERS BETWEEN THE FALLS TO WOODSTOCK, BRANDFORD, PARIS, AND KITCHNER AND WATERLOO. THE THREE GIRLS NAMES WEWERE MILDRED, THE OLDEST, BEATRICE, AND MY MOTHER THE YOUNGEST VIOLA. VIOLA AND MILDRED ARE STILL LIVING IN ETOBICOKE. I WOULD LIKE TO PURCHASE A BOOK, IF POSSIBLE IN LARGE PRINTWITH LOTS OF PICTURES FOR THEM TO REMEMBER THEIR CHILDHOOD.

MY EMAIL ADDRESS IS     ETOBICOKEWATER1@AOL.COM

THANKS AGAIN

BIG JOHN

JOHN HOARE

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:BIG J~enwiki


text:
European Liberal Youth

European Liberal Youth (abbreviated as LYMEC) is an international organisation of liberal youth movements – mostly the youth wings of members of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party but also individual members.

LYMEC holds full members status to the European Youth Forum (YFJ). It is the official youth wing of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party and holds separate votes in the statutory bodies of the ALDE Party.

Even though the organisation is now called European Liberal Youth, it is still known as LYMEC, which is the abbreviation of the name when the organisation was formed in 1976. It was then known as Liberal and Radical Youth Movement of the European Communities.

Positions
In 2020, LYMEC adopted a resolution, according to which the organisations call for recognition of Taiwan as an independent country. The initiative was submitted by the Danish member organisation Radikal Ungdom.

title: European Liberal Youth


text:
Ahmet Necdet Sezer

Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born 13 September 1942 ) is a Turkish statesman and judge who served as the tenth president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Previously, he was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from January 1998 to May 2000. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey elected Sezer as president in 2000 after Süleyman Demirel's seven-year term expired. He was succeeded by Abdullah Gül in 2007.

Following his legal career, Sezer became a candidate for the presidency with the joint support of many political parties in Parliament. Following the 2000 presidential election, he took an ardent secularist approach on issues such as the headscarf, holding the view that secularism in Turkey was under threat. A quarrel between Sezer and Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit in 2001 led to a financial meltdown, attributed to the weakness of the coalition government as well as to the large debt owed to the International Monetary Fund.

The landslide victory of the conservative Islamist Justice and Development Party (AKP) in the 2002 general election led to strong opposition from President Sezer, who vetoed several proposed laws and referred others to the Constitutional Court. These included laws on banking reform and the lifting of the political ban on Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. During receptions at the presidential palace, Sezer refused to allow women wearing the headscarf to attend citing the laws on the separation of religion and state at the time; this resulted in the wives of Abdullah Gül and Erdoğan, Hayrünnisa Gül and Emine Erdoğan respectively, being barred from attendance. Erdoğan later said in public that he had 'suffered a lot' from Sezer.

Early life
Sezer was born in Afyonkarahisar to Ahmet Hamdi Sezer and Hatice Sezer, Macedonian Turkish Muhacir parents who emigrated from Serres, Central Macedonia, Greece during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey following the Turkish War of Independence.

After finishing Afyonkarahisar High School in 1960, he graduated from the Ankara University Faculty of Law in 1962 and began his career as a judge in Ankara. Following his military service at the Military Academy, he served first as a judge in Dicle and Yerköy, and then became a supervisory judge in the High Court of Appeals in Ankara. In 1978, he received an LL.M. in civil law from the Faculty of Law in Ankara University.

Judical career and appointment as chief justice
On 8 March 1983, Sezer was elected as a member of the High Court of Appeals. As a member of the Second Chamber of Law, he was nominated by the plenary assembly of the High Court of Appeals as one of the three candidates for appointment as member of the Constitutional Court. Five years later on 26 September 1988, he was appointed as a member of the Constitutional Court by President Kenan Evren and was reappointed for another five years in 1993 by Presidents Turgut Özal (who nominated him) and Süleyman Demirel (who confirmed his position, since the latter died in office).

On 6 January 1998, Ahmet Necdet Sezer was elected as chief justice of the Constitutional Court and served until his resignation in 2000, when he was elected as president.

Presidency (2000–2007)
He was elected president and sworn in on 16 May 2000, becoming Turkey's first head of state to come from a judicial background. His term was due to expire on 16 May 2007, but because the Grand National Assembly of Turkey had failed to elect a new president, he retained the office pro tempore until 28 August 2007 (the Constitution of Turkey states that a president's term of office is extended until a successor is elected).

On 21 February 2001, during a quarrel in a National Security Council meeting, he threw the constitutional code book at Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit. Some cite this falling-out as the main reason for what became known as 'Black Wednesday', a huge economic crisis. Others claimed that the rapid reforms called for by the accession negotiations with the European Union and Turkey's strong ties with the International Monetary Fund caused the crisis.

Sezer was a firm defender of secularism in Turkey, a frequent point of contention between him and the ruling AKP party. On many occasions, he openly claimed that Turkey's secular regime was under threat. Since he believes that Islam does not require women to wear headscarves, Sezer excluded legislators' wives who wore headscarves from official receptions at the Presidential Palace.

During his presidency, he pardoned 260 convicted felons, 202 of whom were captured leftist militants. (This type of pardon can be requested directly by the felon or the legal representative of the felon, but no political or court referral is necessary.) Some organisations have cited such pardons to criticise Sezer's presidency. On the other hand, Sezer also enacted harsher laws to punish people connected with terrorism.

Post-presidency
During the 2014 presidential election, won by Erdoğan, Sezer openly refused to vote, citing the lack of a secularist candidate as his reason.

Sezer endorsed Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's candidacy in the 2023 presidential election.

title: Ahmet Necdet Sezer


text:
Talk:Hal Abelson

Hal Abelson did give permission.
I have a copy of the email if anyone would like one.

Copied this from Talk:Hal Abelson/temp, posted there originally by Hcatlin: --Delirium 02:36, Dec 6, 2003 (UTC)

Ok, I got this email from Dr. Abelson.

Sure thing.

Nice of you to ask.

== Hal

-- In reply to the message:

Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 11:59:41 -0500 From: "Hampton Catlin"

Dr. Abelson-

I was playing around with the Wikipedia and noticed that there wasn't an entry about you. I figured that an entry about you would be   nice, so I was wondering if you could give me permission to use the biography posted on your site in the text of the Wikipedia entry.

Thanks, Hampton $(*&$.

"Giants" Quip
The article currently attributes the "shoulders of giants" quip to Dr. Abelson. When I wrote my thesis, I (like many others I'm sure) put it in as a frontpiece. However, when I later found Dr. Abelson on-line, I e-mailed him to check if the quote did, in fact, originate with him. His reply was :

 *  Date: Sat, 4 Jul 1998 22:32:41 -0400 (EDT)
 *  From: Hal Abelson

 *  That's me.

 *  Actually, I didn't originate the quote: It was first said by a guy
 *  named Jeff Goll, my roommate at Princeton, who used it in his
 *  undergraduate thesis. But I once told it to someone (I don't remember
 *  who) who posted it to the network attributed to me, and the
 * <tt> attribution has stuck. </tt>

 * <tt> Hope your thesis advisor enjoys it :) </tt>

 * <tt> == Hal </tt>

I'll edit the article to reflect this. --Plumbago 11:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Class of 1922?
Is Dr. Abelson really from the class of 1922? If that refers to his bachelor's degree, and the school system at that time was approximately like the present school system, that means he was born around 1900. I have trouble believing he's over a hundred years old (especially given the photo on his home page, which is in color so it must be recent, and the video of him learning to walk - consumer video cameras didn't exist until somewhat recently). Since it comes out as exactly 1900, it looks like one of those jokes about their age that older professors seem to enjoy. I'm removing this info; if someone can confirm his age or birth, please do so. --Geoffrey 04:43, 27 December 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S.: Since this claim is repeated elsewhere, perhaps there is a technical meaning of "Class of 1922 Professor" that is not commonly known? Or perhaps it's just copied verbatim from his webpage? If he received a degree in 1922, it's clearer to say so next to the degree. If he didn't exist in 1922, we need to give his birthyear. --Geoffrey 04:53, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I suspect the string "Class of 1922 Professor" is a special title, probably referring to a chair endowed by the class of 1922. The actual class members are probably mostly deceased now, while their money continues to earn interest. Stan 05:51, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Class of 1922 Professor of Computer Science and Engineering is indeed his title; the class endowed a chair. I restored his full title to the article. EthanHunt 03:29, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Lmfao this dude is my advisor, and he's awesome but I wondered "how the hell is he a century old" lol. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.56.0.35 (talk) 21:37, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

RMS and Couches
Richard Stallman reportedly enjoys sleeping on Dr. Abelson's couch.
 * Oh, RMS sleeps on everyone's couch; he's a total couch-slut. The dude is homeless and squats his MIT office, but that somehow lacks the personal charm of Adrian Lamo.  (Not that RMS isn't a bang-up guy or anything!)
 * The question is : « Did these two friendly Orcs sleep together ? » <and happily dreaming about metallic sheep ;] > Yug 01:48, 23 February 2007 (UTC) All my respect for this two kings

Center for Democracy and Technology
I was trying to fill in the [citation needed] where it says he's a director of the Center for Democracy and Technology.

I have this citation: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/users/hal/doing.html However, not sure his own page is a valid cite.

Also, and more damningly, the CTD does not list him anywhere.
 * Not on their board of directors page: https://www.cdt.org/board
 * Nor on their staff page: https://www.cdt.org/staff
 * Nor even on their academic fellows page: https://www.cdt.org/fellows

...so I'm at a loss. DewiMorgan (talk) 19:41, 15 January 2013 (UTC)

Dates needed
This article would be much improved by adding the years to the events and projects it mentions. E.g. "In YEAR", "From YEAR to now". Lentower (talk) 17:44, 29 September 2013 (UTC)

Bizarre claims of primary sourcing
claims that reference [4] of the current version, Harvey's "Why Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs matters", is a primary source, and insists on tagging the claim sourced by it as in need of improved sourcing. My own opinion is that this claim is a bizarre overreach. So my position is still that the [primary] tag should be removed. But rather than edit-warring about that, perhaps we should have a discussion and try to get some consensus. So, questions for discussion: —David Eppstein (talk) 16:54, 9 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Lentower claims that "Harvey worked closely with Abelson & Sussman on SICP". I don't see any evidence that he made any contribution at all to the authorship of SICP; but rather was merely a consumer of it as an instructor of a course that used that book. The people who write about CS eductation are (surprise) people who teach introductory CS courses, so it would be difficult to find someone who is not ignorant of the subject who has *not* used the book. In any case, WP:RS does not require authors of sources to be ignorant of what they're writing about.
 * Lentower claims that this is primary by virtue of being on a web site. The provenance of a source has nothing to do with its primaryness, but rather is about its reliability. The web site in question claims to have been written for a major newspaper (the Boston Globe), but evidence that it was actually published by the Globe is missing. However, as an established expert on computer science education (his position at Berkeley was essentially equivalent to a tenured professor, but in a teaching rather than research track) who has regularly published about computer science education, he passes the "established expert" clause of WP:SPS, which let me repeat, is not about whether a source is primary.
 * Lentower claims that this is an "interview", ridiculous on its face because it is not a back-and-forth between interviewer and interviewee.
 * WP:PRIMARY describes primary sources as recounting witness-eye views of events that they took part in themselves. That is an accurate description of only two of the paragraphs of the Harvey source: the one about his years of teaching a course based on SICP and the one about student surveys. The rest of his work is a general review of the impact of SICP more broadly, and as such is not primary. The fact in question is adequately sourced by the non-primary parts of this source, which talk about the features of SICP that were innovative and about the take-up of those features by other textbook authors (neither of which are things that Harvey is speaking as a primary source about).
 * 1) Is this a primary source for what it is being used to source?
 * 2) Is this a reliable source?
 * 3) Does it adequately source the claim it is being used to source?
 * 4) Are any other sources available that source the same claim better?

 * No-one who has read SICP is going to challenge its significance or worry about sourcing, much as they would for "water is wet". (talk) 17:11, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia asks that personal knowledge and personal opinion not be used in editing here. Editors are suppose to write based on references, and cite them in the article. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * This is the encyclopedia that any edit. Including people who don't know who Abelson is, or what SICP is. Just don't worry about it, don't worry about whatever pointless ugly tags make them happy. When it comes time for them to AfD this article under WP:BLP_NOT_A_RAPPER or WP:NOT_ON_TV, then I'm sure there will still be enough of a clue around to resist the damage. Andy Dingley (talk) 17:11, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

 * All editors are expected to follow Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, including those listed in Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines. The fact that some don't, doesn't relieve us of the responsibility of doing so. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * The Harvey essay is not primary; it is a self-published source, but IMO falls under the "expert" exception. In any case, the following sources could supplement Harvey in establishing the SICP's educational impact:
 * Boston Globe, May 15, 2011 issue (based presumably on Harvey's submission):" Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, a pair of MIT computer science professors, wrote "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs," which remains a classic for encouraging the teaching of not one specific programming language, but big-picture themes students could apply across a range of programming scenarios." The headline was:"150 FASCINATING, FUN, IMPORTANT, INTERESTING, LIFESAVING, LIFE-ALTERING, BIZARRE AND BOLD WAYS THAT MIT HAS MADE A DIFFERENCE" (sorry for the cut-n-paste capitalization).
 * Essentials of Programming Languages by Daniel P. Friedman, Mitchell Wand, Christopher Thomas Haynes: see quote on page 359.
 * The Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award citation for Sussman states: "Among his extensive contributions to education are two - the Scheme programming language and the textbook (co-authored with Harold Abelson) Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs - that have helped educators reshape introductory courses. These ideas have provided a formal framework for presenting the fundamental principles of computer science at hundreds of colleges and universities in the United States and around the world." Abecedare (talk) 19:01, 9 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Abelson's Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award citation: "His textbook "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs," co-authored with Gerry Sussman, changed the way many thought about computing. It was widely emulated and adopted by colleges around the world. It de-emphasized the specifics of a particular programming language and concentrated on the idea of abstraction as a fundamental concept in all programming and indeed in all engineering." Incidentally the award seems to be missing from the page.
 * Abecedare (talk) 19:01, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks! The award citations particularly seem appropriate in addressing the "worldwide" part of the claim of impact in the article, something that Harvey doesn't directly address. —David Eppstein (talk) 19:58, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

I usually read all of a discussion and think about it, before replying to any of it.

 * We have yet to have any sources that show that Brian Harvey is an expert, or what fields he is an expert in. It's rare for an instructor at a University to be tenured, and also rare for senior faculty to let them make policy decisions alone, without tenured senior faculty's input and approval.  Instructors are usually hired to implement policy set by senior faculty, and kept on if they do the specified job well. This frees up faculty for other tasks and projects.  But this is mute - see the next point. (But if you feel you have to, in Brian Harvey's case, sources please to show otherwise.) Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Brian Harvey is not what Wikipedia refers to as an Independent Source (aka third party source). He has used Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (SCIP) at Berkeley and has been acknowledged by Abelson and Sussman in the Second Edition of SCIP. (He is not acknowledged in the First edition. (Took me a little while to find a hardcopy.)) So using him as a reference is a small step from using Hal Abelson, the subject of this biography. Wikipedia asks that non-Independent Sources be used with care and only when an Independent Source can not be found.
 * The Boston Globe reference has the same issue in their feature, and should not be used as we have an Independent Source. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Chris Haynes and Dan Friedman are acknowledged in the Second Edition of SCIP. Mitch Wand is acknowledged in the First Edition of SCIP.  So their book has the non-Independent Source problem. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Which leaves us one source that found. I'm not going to try and find out if it's an Independent Source, i.e. who was in the group that decided on giving Abelson the award. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Without a reference, this sentence with the word "worldwide" in it fails WP:NPOV. It is also unclear what it means: how many CS departments?, what parts of the world?, etc. Even with a reference, the claim should be in a quote from that reference, not in plain text. Wikipedia prose is suppose to be written in a neutral tone, with non-neutral text clearly tied to a source. WP:NPOV also requires that available WP:SOURCES (if any) that balance out the article on this and other parts of the text be added. If you know of one on this point or others, please add it to this biography. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * A claim this wide could have other Independent Sources making it. If any one wants to find and add them ... Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * The laundry list of course materials is trivia that isn't needed in a biography, and is distracting to the reader. Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

So .... Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * To answer just one of your points, with more detail since you didn't believe me when I said so previously: Harvey has the title "Lecturer SOE" (or actually Lecturer SOE Emeritus since his retirement), which in the University of California System is essentially the equivalent of tenure for teaching-but-not-research faculty. "SOE" stands for "security of employment". For evidence that he has this title (not written by Harvey himself) see e.g. this faculty roster. For a partial description of what SOE means see this section of the UC Academic Personnel Manual. In particular, lecturers SOE have permanent employment (as if tenured) and are part of the academic senate (like tenured and tenure-track faculty and completely unlike normal lecturers). But I don't know why you're continuing to impugn this source now that we have others we can use as well. And your suggestion that the group who decided on giving Abelson an ACM award could have been anything but independent is just confusing to me: not even grasping at straws, so much as displaying a complete ignorance of how such decisions are made. Unless maybe you're trying to claim that everyone who has a computer science degree or belongs to the same professional society is too close to the subject to be unbiased — i.e. that independence requires total ignorance. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:51, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Lentower, I have to agree with David that you seem to have an incorrect understanding of what primary and independent sources mean on wikipedia and the circumstances in which even self published sources are allowed in a biography (essentially, when the claims are about the subject himself, are factual, non-controversial and not unduly self-serving). For example, the acknowledgement you cite:
 * "We are exceptionally proud of our colleagues who have received major teaching awards for their adaptations of this subject at other universities, including ...Brian Harvey at the University of California at Berkeley"
 * does not make Harvey a biased collaborator. And raising hypothetical questions about the ACM's award committees, is frankly entering conspiratorial thinking territory.
 * I have reinstated the clear improvements that David made to the article. I can imagine that you'd object to that, in which case I would recommend that you ask for further opinion at WP:BLPN, WP:NPOVN or WP:RSN (depending upon your exact concerns) since this talk page doesn't seem to get much traffic. Abecedare (talk) 23:17, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The policies support the consensus I proposed, but there comes a point when the keystrokes necessary to make an improvement to an article, and help other editors become better Wikipedians stop being worth the time. Best to all. Lentower (talk) 23:37, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * What I don't understand: Why did you simply choose a side and make a change that at least one editor objects to, right in the middle of him asking to find common ground, instead of letting the issue be discussed here? --Nczempin (talk) 05:59, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Proposed consensus
I propose we change the sentence to this:

''The Association for Computing Machinery notes this course "was widely emulated and adopted by colleges around the world."

and add this as a new paragraph, perhaps in a new section Awards:

''In 2011, Abelson received the Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award. The citation read "For his contribution to computing education, through his innovative advances in curricula designed for students pursuing different kinds of computing expertise, and for his leadership in the movement for open educational resources.''

If this award was published in an ACM journal, it be better to use the cite journal template.

The Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award has neither an article nor a template. It's in over a dozen articles so far. Create either if you feel it's meets WP:N.

It's possible this reference could be used to cite other present text or add even more text to this biography.

Re: the proposed consensus Agreed, Disagree, or Comment Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Agree (obviously.) Lentower (talk) 04:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment What is "the sentence" in question here? Does anybody who stumbles upon this have to dig through the discussion or the article? Is it This work, through the textbook of the same name, videotapes of their lectures, and the availability on personal computers of the Scheme dialect of Lisp (used in teaching the course), has had a worldwide impact on university computer-science education.?--Nczempin (talk) 05:48, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Unlike others here, I will do the courtesy of answering his question. This was the sentence & source in question at the point this Talk section, Talk:Hal Abelson and it's subsections, was started:  This work, through the textbook of the same name, videotapes of their lectures, and the availability on personal computers of the Scheme dialect of Lisp (used in teaching the course), has had a worldwide impact on university computer-science education.   Lentower (talk) 15:27, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Wider WP:OWN problem
Now Lentower is reverting all my changes on the article, with the excuse that this discussion hasn't yet had time to reach a consensus, regardless of whether the changes involve removing the primary tag on Harvey's source (which the preliminary consensus above seems to be favoring). I don't see this as constructive behavior. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:09, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

 * It was easier to revert, than to put the article into the state it was before you came here for a consensus. Lentower (talk) 23:27, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Reverting *is* putting the article into the state it was before. And it was difficult to put the "primary" tag back on the source while leaving the other changes intact? —David Eppstein (talk) 23:56, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * As an outside observer, please let me suggest that both of you refrain from editing the main article until consensus has been reached; otherwise it looks much like an edit war. Reverting or not reverting, it doesn't matter in which state the article is regarding your disagreement; once concensus has been found, it can easily be changed to whatever that consensus may be. In the meantime it is probably inevitable that one of you is unhappy with the current state of the article. --Nczempin (talk) 05:40, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, my main goal here (beyond general improvement) was to clear enough tags to get this out of Pages needing attention/Mathematics/Lists (a huge morass of bad articles, if anyone's looking for stuff to work on). And since removed the new primary-source tag I left, that's done, so I'm happy to stop for now. But is there any consensus left to build and wait for? All the issues we were discussing (better sourcing for the SICP impact claims, adding an award to the article) seem to be resolved for now. —David Eppstein (talk) 05:50, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * What about the "proposed consensus" in the previous subsection? I see it only as proposed, but you haven't weighed in on it AFAICS. --Nczempin (talk) 05:53, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * And note that while 's changes may have gone "your way", this doesn't mean there is consensus. --Nczempin (talk) 05:55, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * You don't think implementing a large fraction of the things proposed in the subsection (e.g. describing the award), while not necessarily using the exact wording of the subsection, counts as weighing in? I didn't do the parts about changing what the article says about the impact of SICP, or removing the Harvey source so if you still want to find a dispute to resolve by consensus, there's that. I happen to think that stating the impact in our own words is a better choice than a pull quote, and that having Harvey as a source is better than removing that source, but I don't feel strongly enough about it to argue, so you'll have to find someone else to do that. I'd rather step back from the dispute for now as you already suggested (so why are you encouraging me not to now?) and find some way to appease so we can go back to more cooperative patterns (we've had a long history of working constructively on a different article before butting heads here). —David Eppstein (talk) 06:25, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I think I didn't express myself clearly. I didn't suggest you step back from the dispute, I merely suggested that you both refrain from editing the article (as opposed to this discussion page; please do continue to contribute) until the issue is settled. I did not read all the details in the section before "proposed consensus". I just got that there was a lot of back and forth, which seemed to culminate in this proposal (as you describe it now it seems that search for consensus is only the last step and most of it has already been agreed on?), and then a) you seemed to ignore that proposal and b) it was suggested it should be taken to other pages, which I found a bit strange, since it seemed to be a content dispute between the two of you and if you are fine with the proposal you can just agree and things should go back to normal. It is perfectly normal, especially when people are able to compromise/agree, that just two people find "consensus" (maybe it is phrased in a misleading way then, all that's really necessary is that you two don't turn it into an WP:EW. So if I misunderstood, and everything is now settled to both parties satisfaction I'll happily step out of this, and will even "allow" (not that it is for me to allow; only trying to mediate) you two to go back to editing. At the moment I am unclear as to what the actual state of the dispute is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nczempin (talk • contribs) 06:55, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Nczempin, can you please: I hope that will make it clear why I, who entered the topic as an "outsider" after seeing this section at RSN, reinstated David's improvements. If you disagree with the substance of the changes and still have questions after that, I'll be happy to address them. Abecedare (talk) 16:01, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Read the Bizarre claims of primary sourcing to understand the locus of the original dispute over the "Harvey reference" (which was resolved by finding additional references)
 * Carefully review the actual changes made by David Eppstein, which mainly consisted of organizing content more systematically into sub-sections (not a matter of contention), and adding the additional reference.

 * I am not happy with the sentence in question or source on it. I was happy to see the award this dispute uncovered added to the article. The reorganization is not an issue to me.

Until you stepped in, the matter had reached a point of diminishing returns for me, even though a Wikipedia concensus had not been reached.

I believe the consensus I proposed better meets the goals of Wikipeida, and the needs of it's readers. It also meets what said his primary goal was. I be happy to answer any other questions you have about the reasons I gave above, and would welcome your input on the proposed consensus. Lentower (talk) 16:08, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Religion
I have removed the sentence, "He is Jewish" from the article since it was sourced to a software sales website and user-contributed content site. I have no strong objections if the sentence is re-added with appropriate sources, although the usual convention is that religion/ethnicity information is included in a biography only if (1) it is relevant to the subject's notability, and/or (2) the subject self-identifies to belong to those classes. Abecedare (talk) 16:09, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Hal Abelson


text:
Commerson's dolphin

Commerson's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii), also referred to by the common names jacobita, skunk dolphin, piebald dolphin, panda dolphin, or tonina overa (in South America), is a small oceanic dolphin of the genus Cephalorhynchus. Commerson's dolphin has two geographically-isolated but locally-common subspecies. The principal subspecies, C.c.commersonii, has sharply-delineated black-and-white patterning and is found around the tip of South America. The secondary subspecies, C.c.kerguelenensis, is larger than C.c.commersonii, has a less-sharply delineated dark and light grey patterning with a white ventral band, and is found around the Kerguelen Islands in the Indian Ocean.

The dolphin is named after French naturalist Dr Philibert Commerson, who first described them in 1767 after sighting them in the Strait of Magellan.

Population and distribution
Two disjunct subspecies of the dolphin are found in geographically disparate areas separated by 130° of longitude and about 8500 km; it is not known why they are thus distributed. Global populations are unknown, but the species is accepted to be locally common.

The main subspecies, C.c.commersonii, is found inshore in various inlets in Argentina including Puerto Deseado, in the Strait of Magellan and around Tierra del Fuego, and near the Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas). A survey in 1984 estimated there to be 3,200 individuals in the Strait of Magellan.

Dolphins of the second subspecies, C.c.kerguelenensis, were discovered in the 1950s. They reside near the Kerguelen Islands in the southern part of the Indian Ocean, and prefer shallow waters.

In 2004, a vagrant individual of unconfirmed origin was sighted on South Africa's Agulhas Bank, a location 4200 km from the Kerguelen Islands and 6300 km from South America. Though the Kerguelen Islands are closer, such a journey would require swimming against the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

Cephalorhynchus commersonii commersonii
The commersonii subspecies has a black head, dorsal fin, and fluke, with a white throat and body. The demarcation between the two colours is very clear-cut. This stocky creature is one of the smallest of all cetaceans, growing to around 1.5 m (5 ft). A mature female caught off of southern Patagonia, at 23 kg (51 lb) and 1.36 m (4.5 ft), may be the smallest adult cetacean on record. Its appearance resembles that of a porpoise, but its conspicuous behaviour is typical of a dolphin. The dorsal fin has a long, straight leading edge which ends in a curved tip. The trailing edge is typically concave, but not falcate. The fluke has a notch in the middle.

Sexes are easily distinguished by the different shape of the black blotch on the belly — it is shaped like a teardrop in males but is more rounded in females. Females reach breeding age at six to 9 years. Males reach sexual maturity at about the same age. Mating occurs in the spring and summer and calving occurs after a gestation period of 11 months during the spring and summer. The Commerson's dolphin has been known to live up to eighteen years in the wild, while in captivity the oldest individual was at least 33 years old at the time of death.

Cephalorhynchus commersonii kerguelenensis
Dolphins of the kerguelenensis subspecies tend to be larger than those of C.c.commersonii, and differ in patterning in that they are dark grey instead of black, and light grey instead of white, except ventrally. The demarcation between areas of the pattern is also less clearly demarcated.

Behavior
Commerson's dolphin is very active. It is often seen swimming rapidly on the surface and leaping from the water. It also spins and twists as it swims and may surf on breaking waves when very close to the shore. It will bow-ride and swim behind fast-moving boats. It is also known to swim upside-down, which is thought to improve the visibility of its prey.

This dolphin feeds on a mix of coastal and pelagic fish and squid. Those in the South American subpopulation supplement their diets with crustaceans. Individuals have been recorded as entering the Santa Cruz River to forage there during low tide.

They can be found in estuaries, especially during the breeding season.

Conservation
The IUCN lists Commerson's dolphin as Least Concern in its Red List of Threatened Species. The proximity of the dolphin to the shore makes accidental killing in gillnets a common occurrence. The dolphin was killed for use as crab bait by some Argentinian and Chilean fishermen in the 1970s and 1980s, but this practice has since been curtailed.

The Commerson's dolphin population of South America is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on Appendix II as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements.

Captivity
These dolphins have been known to be displayed in a few aquariums.

title: Commerson's dolphin