text:
United States Bureau of Reclamation

The Bureau of Reclamation, formerly the United States Reclamation Service, is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and operation of the diversion, delivery, and storage projects that it has built throughout the western United States for irrigation, water supply, and attendant hydroelectric power generation. It is currently the U.S.'s largest wholesaler of water, bringing water to more than 31 million people, and providing one in five Western farmers with irrigation water for 10 million acres of farmland, which produce 60% of the nation's vegetables and 25% of its fruits and nuts. The Bureau is also the second largest producer of hydroelectric power in the western U.S.

On June 17, 1902, in accordance with the Reclamation Act, Secretary of the Interior Ethan Allen Hitchcock established the U.S. Reclamation Service within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The new Reclamation Service studied potential water development projects in each western state with federal lands. Revenue from sale of federal lands was the initial source of the program's funding. Because Texas had no federal lands, it did not become a Reclamation state until 1906, when Congress passed a law including it in the provisions of the Reclamation Act.

History

From 1902 to 1907, Reclamation began about 30 projects in Western states. Then, in 1907, the Secretary of the Interior separated the Reclamation Service from the USGS and created an independent bureau within the Department of the Interior. Frederick Haynes Newell was appointed the first director of the new bureau. Beginning with the third person to take over the direction of Reclamation in 1923, David W. Davis, the title was changed from Director to Commissioner.

In the early years, many projects encountered problems: lands or soils included in projects were unsuitable for irrigation; land speculation sometimes resulted in poor settlement patterns; proposed repayment schedules could not be met by irrigators who had high land-preparation and facilities-construction costs; settlers were inexperienced in irrigation farming; waterlogging of irrigable lands required expensive drainage projects; and projects were built in areas which could only grow low-value crops. In 1923 the agency was renamed the "Bureau of Reclamation". In 1924, however, in the face of increasing settler unrest and financial woes, the "Fact Finder's Report" spotlighted major problematic issues; the Fact Finders Act in late 1924 sought to resolve some of these problems.

In 1928 Congress authorized the Boulder Canyon (Hoover Dam) Project, and large appropriations began, for the first time, to flow to Reclamation from the general funds of the United States. The authorization came only after a hard-fought debate about the pros and cons of public power versus private power.

The heyday of Reclamation construction of water facilities occurred during the Depression and the 35 years after World War II. From 1941 to 1947, Civilian Public Service labor was used to carry on projects otherwise interrupted by the war effort. The last major authorization for construction projects occurred in the late 1960s, while a parallel evolution and development of the American environmental movement began to result in strong opposition to water development projects. Even the 1976 failure of Teton Dam as it filled for the first time did not diminish Reclamation's strong international reputation in water development circles. However, this first and only failure of a major Reclamation Bureau dam led to subsequent strengthening of its dam-safety program to avoid similar problems. Even so, the failure of Teton Dam, the environmental movement, and the announcement of President Carter's "hit list" on water projects profoundly affected the direction of Reclamation's programs and activities.

Reclamation operates about 180 projects in the 17 western states. The total Reclamation investment for completed project facilities in September 1992 was about $11 billion. Reclamation projects provide agricultural, household, and industrial water to about one‑third of the population of the American West. About 5% of the land area of the West is irrigated, and Reclamation provides water to about one-fifth of that area, some 9,120,000 acres (37,000 km2) in 1992. Reclamation is a major American generator of electricity. , Reclamation had 58 power plants on‑line and generated 125,000 GJ of electricity.

From 1988 to 1994, Reclamation underwent major reorganization as construction on projects authorized in the 1960s and earlier drew to an end. Reclamation wrote that "The arid West essentially has been reclaimed. The major rivers have been harnessed and facilities are in place or are being completed to meet the most pressing current water demands and those of the immediate future". Emphasis in Reclamation programs shifted from construction to operation and maintenance of existing facilities. Reclamation's redefined official mission is to "manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public". In redirecting its programs and responsibilities, Reclamation substantially reduced its staff levels and budgets but remains a significant federal agency in the West.

On October 1, 2017, the Hoover Dam Police Department was closed and the National Park Service took over law enforcement duties for the Hoover Dam. The Hoover Dam Police Department existed for more than 80 years.

Leadership
Reclamation commissioners that have had a strong impact and molding of the Bureau have included Elwood Mead, Michael W. Straus, and Floyd Dominy, with the latter two being public-power boosters who ran the Bureau during its heyday. Mead guided the bureau during the development, planning, and construction of the Hoover Dam, the United States' first multiple-purpose dam.

John W. Keys, the 16th Commissioner of the Bureau of Reclamation who served from July 2001 to April 2006, was killed two years after his retirement on May 30, 2008, when the airplane he was piloting crashed in Canyonlands National Park, Utah.

On June 26, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Brenda Burman to serve as the Commissioner of the United States Bureau of Reclamation. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 16, 2017. Burman is the first woman to ever lead the Bureau of Reclamation. David Murillo was serving as the acting commissioner of the bureau. Burman resigned on January 20 after the inauguration of the Biden Administration.

The current Commissioner is Camille Calimlim Touton, the first Filipino American to head the agency. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 4, 2021.

List of reclamation projects

 * Animas-La Plata Water Project
 * Boise Project
 * Boulder Canyon Project
 * Central Arizona Project Aqueduct
 * Central Utah Project
 * Central Valley Project
 * Colorado-Big Thompson Project
 * Colorado River Storage Project
 * Columbia Basin Project
 * Elwha River Dam Removal Project
 * Fryingpan-Arkansas Project
 * Gila Project
 * High Plains Cooperative Pilot Project
 * Huntley Project
 * Klamath Project
 * Minidoka Project
 * Moon Lake Project
 * Navajo-Gallup Water Supply Project
 * North Platte Project
 * Palo Verde Diversion Project
 * Pojoaque Basin Regional Water System Project
 * Project Skywater
 * Rio Grande Project
 * Shoshone Project
 * Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project
 * Strawberry Valley Project
 * Washita Basin Project
 * Yuma Auxiliary Project
 * Yuma Project

title: United States Bureau of Reclamation


text:
K-car

K-car may refer to:

 * Chrysler K platform, an American automobile platform
 * Plymouth Reliant and Dodge Aries, known as K-cars
 * Vehicles used on SEPTA's subway–surface trolleys built by Kawasaki in 1981
 * HR 4138, a star in the constellation Carina with Bayer designation K Carinae, abbreviated K Car
 * "K Car", a song by Relient K from the 2000 album Relient K
 * K-car, nickname of a helicopter in the Rhodesian Fireforce configuration

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: K-car


text:
Members of the Australian Senate, 2002–2005

This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2005. Half of the state senators had been elected at the November 2001 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2008; the other half of the state senators had been elected at the October 1998 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2005. The territory senators were elected at the November 2001 election and their terms ended at the next federal election, which was October 2004.


text:
Talk:Bromley

Frampton
I'm pretty sure it was Peter Frampton's dad who was a teacher at Ravenswood school (Bromley Technology Collage). Not 100% though. Jason. He was an art teacher there

Yes he was, but it was Bromley Technical High School for Boys. The college is nearby on Bromley Common (A21),

Bromley, Bromley
Bromley, so great they named it twice? why is it Bromley, Bromley? sounds weird...

 * Makes sense to me. They probably named the borough after the town. - Hephaestos 03:08, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Sort of like Baden-Baden, I guess. Maximus Rex 03:10, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * As a person who was born and grew up in Bromley, I've never heard it called that, i guess thats why it sounds weird to me :-/ ... Steeev 03:39, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Isn't this just a case of something like New York, New York? Dysprosia 03:45, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Im pretty darned sure, theres no reason for it to be called "Bromley, Bromley" (speaking as a former resident of the area). -- Steeev 03:57, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Bromley's already a disambig though, where should we put this? - Hephaestos 03:58, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * As I believe this Bromley is the original Bromley, and all the other Bromleys have an extra identifier, cant this one just be plain Bromley? Steeev 04:07, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * It's workable; I'd like to give it a day or so before the move though in case anyone else chimes in. - Hephaestos 04:09, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Sounds cool to me:) Steeev 04:10, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Leofric
Moved from conversation from article:

Leofric, Earl of Mercia and husband of the Lady Godiva, is said to have died here in 1057.

Note: However, this is not true as Leofric died in Bromley, Staffordshire and not Bromley, Kent. DP

Argh!
What's happening to Bromley? Since I went to Uni 3 years ago many of the so-called historic things mentioned on this page are disappearing. It's criminal that the Bell, with all it's history went the way it did, and whose idea was it to paint out H.G. Wells?? --Hobmcd 02:35, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

The painting out or altering of the H.G. Wells memorial is a crime in my opinion. Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, not Bromley, that's not to say he doesn't deserve a memorial himself in Bromley - just not one which replaces Wells.

Kent
Could someone familiar with how this sort of article works please add a mention of Bromley's history as part of Kent? I've written several bios recently of people born in "Bromley, Kent" in the 19th century, and as things stand another editor may turn up here, see no reference to Kent, and decide I was in the wrong. Loganberry (Talk) 22:34, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The same problem recurs across London - particularly (say) prior to 1880, when nearly everyone was born in Middlesex (now eliminated completely), Kent, Essex, Surrey, etc. It is permissible to note in the historical section that it formed the Municipal Borough of Bromley in the county of Kent - but someone would have to write a suitable history section. Kbthompson (talk) 10:31, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Kent Comment
totally agree with the above added kent to the Bromley page, again I suggest the page shows that Bromley is in Kent, yes its a London Borough, but it is still in kent, we need to show this, again there are other Bromleys!!! by showing kent we can link it onto the kent page. If a wiki reader was doing some research into kent, there would be no links to kent/Bromley. Other such things like Kent cricket ground in the bromley borough would also cause confusion, for the sake of a link to a kent page, I for one think its worth it.--Diamonddannyboy (talk) 10:14, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Bromley joined the London Borough of Bromley in 1965. It's certainly in the historic county of Kent, but Bromley is in Greater London to indicate anything else is misleading and is an extreme violation of NPOV. It should perhaps also be noted that the postal address remained Kent until the introduction of the full postcode system - when counties were abolished in postal terms - prior to that the post office didn't modify the system on purely cost grounds. thanks Kbthompson (talk) 10:23, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * It should be noted that amending the infobox by putting in the wrong county can lead to incorrect maps, police, fire, and political representation being displayed - please don't. Kbthompson (talk) 10:40, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

So are we all saying Bromley is not in kent ? so if Bromley is not in kent that must meen Beckenham is not in kent, then the cricketers are going to be lost lol. Maybe there could be come mention about the change from kent to greater london in the history.--Diamonddannyboy (talk) 19:19, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Ha ha! Unfortunately, a number of county cricket grounds are no longer within their original counties - Oval (Surrey), Old Trafford (Lancashire) are two that spring to mind. AFAIAA Kent's primary ground is at Canterbury St Lawrence; Beckenham is their secondary ground.
 * --ikrip | talk page 09:37, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

to say bromley isnt in Kent is just plain stupid, as a resident, my adress is bromley Kent, br1 etc. it may be a London borough but in my eyes when i write my adress i put Kent. not London. TonyP —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.8.63.244 (talk) 15:13, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I find residents have a very bias and extremely narrow-minded view about their local area, they often fail to see what outsiders would see. 'in my eyes' is a very arrogant reason to describe Bromley in the way you do. Also, If you read the Postcode Lottery and PAF articles on Wikipedia you will find that Postcodes are about the most inaccurate way of dividing the country, there are mistakes up and down the UK, It also says that county references were removed in the mid nineties, so your address would just be xxx road, Bromley, BR1 xxx, writing Kent is a waste of ink as it is completely ignored by the sorting machine! Justgravy (talk) 18:01, 20 October 2012 (UTC)

Every time I put anything about Bromley being in Kent, which it is, it is re-eddited back. What is this person's problem? This cannot be written out of Bromley's History. also any local folklore or knowledge that may well be of interest to a tourist is taken out as well.

 * My problem is that Bromley is HISTORICALLY part of Kent and since 1965 has been a part of London, these articles are supposed to be up to date not almost 50 years out of date! Wikipedia didn't even exist the last time Bromley was in Kent! Also, "which it is" is not an explanation, you need to find modern reliable sources that confirm your reasoning because otherwise it just sounds like a personal opinion which has no place on Wikipedia and therefore you cannot add it onto Wikipedia because not everyone will agree with it i.e. not everyone does "regard Bromley as part of Kent" myself included! Also, if you are going to mention "folklore, knowledge" etc. you need to add references to this knowledge as well, otherwise how else do we know that it isn't just made up by you? For example, mentioning it as "The patio of England", when researching this term most people seem to refer to Surrey as this not Bromley.

 * Actually the fact that Bromley was a part of Kent is in the opening paragraph: "It was historically a market town, and prior to 1965 was in the county of Kent and formed the administrative centre of the Municipal Borough of Bromley". There is no need to say this a second time. Justgravy (talk) 17:48, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

This tedious debate goes on throughout all the outer boroughs of London. I don't know why people just can't accept they are now part of the extended London. It happened before and it might happen again. It's the same in other major cities which overspill into the surrounding areas. Surrey used to include much of south London, including Lambeth. To TonyP, if you pay your council tax to the London Borough of Bromley, then you cannot be in Kent, even though you would like to be. Bromley is mentioned in the Kent entry and vice versa. That should be sufficient for historians. — Preceding unsigned comment added by NonID (talk • contribs) 06:07, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Apparently not only individuals, but also a medical institution situated there still uses the old address style: (a PDF version I found but cannot link to, has a line break between 'Kent' and the postal code). Bever (talk) 00:29, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

It would appear that someone who edits this page has a real problem with any Kent or local cultural reference. As a former resident of Bromley, whom lived there for a long time, I have been luck enough to learn much local folklore and cultural knowledge however any references to these are quickly edited out to leave the article as a bare bones boring bullet point account. From reading the above commentary it would appear that many local residents have had the same problem in writing the truth about their own town. Regarding the Kent debate, Bromley is certainly in Historic Kent, also people must remember that if an adminastrive border is moved that doesnt mean that the identity of the redidents or town is automatically changed as well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.34.1.14 (talk) 12:42, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Firstly, no correct Bromley address contains the word Kent. This can be checked on the Royal Mail address finder website. Secondly, according to Wikipedia, historic counties are also known as former counties meaning they no longer exist. They can't be used as a present day geographic reference, only as a historical reference. Some people may not like this, but their feelings aren't facts. Riteinit (talk) 00:35, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

Since King Ethelbert of Kent granted the land for the original Manor of Bromley, are people born there considered to be Kentish Men (or Maids)? NRPanikker (talk) 15:50, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

notable people
Some work needs doing on the notable persons section, I have now sourced the Darren M Jackson page about living Bromley and also another editor has added another source. Any more problems on the above notable person please feel free to get in touch.--Diamonddannyboy (talk) 10:21, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

p.s Orpington is not next to Bromley, so its not a nearest place--Rockybiggs (talk) 16:42, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Can you please add the 'Darren M Jackson' citation here, please. It is normal to include the citation to support the 'fact' as used in each article. Tricky, I know, but if the DMJ article were to be deleted (not saying it's going to be), then the supporting evidence would no longer be available - and it will prevent any future problems. Cheers Kbthompson (talk) 17:25, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Coles Child
Wow. Occasionally Wikipedia comes up with a fact that blows you away. I used to own a house that was on former Bromley manorial land, built in 1929. As of 2002 the deeds still had restrictive covenants from a conveyancing a couple years before the house was built where a certain Coles Child (as mentioned in the article by another contributor) was the vendor of the land. So although it's definitely original research, I can vouch that Coles Child did own the little parcel of land that became my former house! BaseTurnComplete (talk) 22:23, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

"Destroyed by enemy action"?
From the article: "The parish church of St Peter and St Paul stands on Church Road. It was largely destroyed by enemy action".

When and what was the "enemy action"? I am assuming World War 2 bombing by planes but this should be clarified. --mgaved (talk) 16:04, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

being bold
I removed the sections on what shops Bromley has had and does have, as that doesn't seem very encyclopedic. I also removed the table of "bits of tv filmed in Bromley" for much the same reason. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.169.9.40 (talk) 15:23, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Primary schools
I have added merge-school templates to the following non-notable primaries: This is where any discussion relating to such a merge should take place. In general, by WP:OUTCOMES, primaries will be deleted or redirected unless the is significant coverage in decent non-local sources. None of these seem to have such coverage. Atlas-maker (talk) 12:42, 10 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Green Street Green Primary School
 * Unicorn Primary School
 * Valley Primary School
 * Warren Road Primary School

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Bromley. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100602000714/http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/docs/londonplan08.pdf to http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/docs/londonplan08.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100602000714/http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/docs/londonplan08.pdf to http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/docs/londonplan08.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:34, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bromley. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140222202755/http://data.london.gov.uk/2011-census-ward-pop to http://data.london.gov.uk/2011-census-ward-pop

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:55, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Bromley. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.britishlocalhistory.co.uk/Default.aspx?tabid=8770&ProductID=6225
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130122091323/http://www.ravensbourne.org/about.htm to http://www.ravensbourne.org/about.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090205121230/http://bromleyparishchurch.org/history.php to http://www.bromleyparishchurch.org/history.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111112113608/http://www.bromley.gov.uk/directory_record/5032/prince_pyotr_peter_alekseyevich_kropotkin_1842-1921 to http://www.bromley.gov.uk/directory_record/5032/prince_pyotr_peter_alekseyevich_kropotkin_1842-1921

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:41, 30 January 2018 (UTC)

Legal status of counties
Some people (mostly IP users) keep on changing the location from London to Kent which is wrong. Bromley has been part of London since 1965 - 55 years ago.

Some have said that Bromley is administratively in London but geographically in Kent and / or referred to the London Government Act 1963. That articles says that creating Greater London "absorbed parts of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Hertfordshire plus the whole of the City of London", plus all of Middlesex and the old county of London.

Also in 1965 the Ceremonial counties of England were updated so that Bromley is no longer in the area of the Lord-Lieutenant of Kent but of the Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London.

Bromley used to be part of Kent but there is no sense in which it is part of Kent now.

FerdinandFrog (talk) 13:26, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Being from the other side of the sea, I have no prejudice or preference about in which region or county Bromley should considered to belong. I would like a few things:
 * The reluctance by suburbs swallowed by the neighbouring city to recognize that they are now part of that city, is well-known elsewhere.
 * Often, formal and informal names can coexist, although the government can try to impose the official ones. In my opinion, a non-governmental reference work (like Wikipedia) should give both, provided that the informal ('folk') names or divisions are not invented by a few individuals of course (or, in other words, there are sources for their use).
 * Kbthompson and others above are right that it would be confusing to say that Bromley is in the present county of Kent. Evidently a county is an official division the country, so it is the government's prerogative to decide about that. But I wonder if Kent could also considered an informal region, with perhaps slightly different borders. After all, there are many informal regions elsewhere with a name also in use for one or more administrative divisions, without claims that one of the meanings is better than the others.
 * In the Kent Comment section above, I noted that "a medical institution situated there still uses the old address style" and apparently it still does, six years later. (In fact the mention of that address in another publication was the reason that I came to this article in the first place.) So it may be justified (and helpful for readers from elsewhere) to mention in the article that regardless of the introduction of postal codes and border changes, the old name is still in use. Bever (talk) 01:15, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

The traditional counties were never abolished. The government recognised this fact in 2013. WisDom-UK (talk) 22:16, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

Since a county is a man-made jurisdictional area it can be changed. Counties have changed over the centuries. Bromley was removed from Kent by Act of Parliament in 1965. To say it's in the historic county of Kent is nonsensical. According to Wikipedia, historic counties are also known as former counties. Makes sense, they no longer exist. Historic counties can be used as a historical reference, but not as a present day geographic reference. Riteinit (talk) 00:41, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

There has, yet again, been a lot of to-and-fro in recent days about where Bromley is. Clearly it used to be in Kent but is now in London. Both pieces of information need to be included but with substantially more emphasis on what is true now than what was true more than half a century ago.

I have rolled the first two paras back to before people starting putting Kent into the first line as that is not appropriate. I made the link to the historic county of Kent clearer in the second para.

The recent made it seem that Bromley only became part of London for ceremonial purposes in 1965 which is not true.

FerdinandFrog (talk) 18:37, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

 * FF, I am somewhat surprised at your reasoning. It makes no sense. Take a look at SYNTHESIS Roger 8 Roger (talk) 18:58, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

 * No idea what point you are trying to make. Please explain. FerdinandFrog (talk) 22:21, 15 February 2021 (UTC)
 * In short - Bromley was in Kent; in 1965 Bromley became part of GL; therefore Bromley is not in Kent. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 22:45, 15 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I totally agree with you. Before I changed it, the article said "Bromley is a large town in south-east London, England, located in the historic county of Kent" which give too much prominence to the historic information.
 * I can't see anything that we are disagreeing about. FerdinandFrog (talk) 23:08, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

What I wrote was your illogical reasoning. Did you read the link that spelles out why that sort of reasoning is illogical? Please read it again. Here's another example which, based on your reasoning, makes perfect sense - 'In 1974 London was in the UK; in 1975 the UK became part of the EEC; therefore in 1976 London was not in the UK.' Roger 8 Roger (talk) 10:54, 17 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I can see no flaw in my reasoning nor any synthesis. Rather than giving an example that, as far as I can see, is totally irrelevant, why don't you actually say what you actually think is wrong with what I said. FerdinandFrog (talk) 00:13, 18 February 2021 (UTC)
 * In 1964 Bromley local govt was under the Municipal Borough of Bromley, which was within the then area of then administrative area called Kent. In 1965 the MBOB was abolished, the area of the admin area called Kent was changed. A new Bromley local govt area was created (London borough of Bromley) which was within the newly created GL which covered an area that used to be within the area of the admin county of Kent. Nothing in this process affected the historic county of Kent. Your reasoning is that in 1964 Bromley used to be within the administrative area of Kent. In 1965 Bromley came under the administrative area of Greater London and no longer under the area of the the admin area of Kent; therefore Bromley left the historic county of Kent. I suggest you are very clear about what certain words mean, especially what is meant by Kent. The HC and the admin authority area of both usually called 'Kent', when in reality they are distinctly seperate entities. If you want to scroll through legislation you will find the definition of words such as 'county' are invariably defined, to avoid ambiguity. In common usage the distinction is rarely made, hence confusion. So please, before asserting that 'Bromley is NOT in Kent', be clear about what you are talking. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 02:25, 18 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I am somewhat at a lose as to how to respond to this, hence the delay in replying.
 * The current county of Kent and the historic county are, of course, distinct entities. That issue was clearly dealt with in my last version of the article by saying that Bromley is in London and was in the HC of Kent.
 * You have acknowledged this when you say here that "Bromley left the historic county of Kent" in 1965. So it seems very odd that you have changed the article to say "Bromley is ... located in the historic county of Kent".
 * All the points about legal definitions are not relevant as this is not a Act of Parliament, nor a legal text but a general encyclopaedia and needs to be written using common language and to be helpful to our readers.
 * FerdinandFrog (talk) 21:35, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

I gave up a long time ago trying to explain what to me is the patently obvious. There is no such thing as the 'current' county of Kent. There is a county called Kent, that does not encompass Bromley, and that is currently used as the default county on WP, but that, of course, is not the same thing because it is not called the 'curent county'. I'll say it again: Bromley IS in GL AND the historic county of Kent. What is so complicated in that? Sorry to sound dismissive but at times exasperation gets the better of me. Reference to the HC of Kent in the lead here does not relate to whether or not Bromley is in GL, it relates to the relevance of the HC of Kent to the settlement called Bromley. If you do not want Kent meantioned then show us that the HC of Kent has no significant relevance to Bromley today. You will have trouble doing that because Kent is relevant to Bromley. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 22:08, 23 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I am rather confused when you say "There is no such thing as the 'current' county of Kent" but then go on to say "There is a county called Kent, that does not encompass Bromley, and that is currently used as the default county on WP". As they are contradictory.
 * You then go on to say "but that, of course, is not the same thing because it is not called the 'curent county'" You seem to be saying that because Kent does not have the word 'current' in it's name it is not, in some sense Kent. Is that what you mean?
 * "I'll say it again: Bromley IS in GL AND the historic county of Kent. What is so complicated in that?" Firstly, it is not, in any meaningful sense, true. Bromley was in the historic county of Kent, but that county no longer exists, so it is not possible for Bromley to be in it now. Secondly, the most that can be said is that Bromley's land is in the area that a map of the historic county of Kent would cover. Is that meaningful or helpful to a reader? It clearly isn't to the vast majority and so should not be right at the start.
 * "If you do not want Kent meantioned then show us that the HC of Kent has no significant relevance to Bromley today" I'm sorry but the boot is on the other foot. The HC of Kent is relevant to Bromley's history and this is where it should be. If you think that the HC of Kent is of sufficient relevant to Bromley today as to be at the start of the lede then you need to provide evidence to support that. FerdinandFrog (talk) 14:36, 24 February 2021 (UTC)

I fail to understand why historic counties are mentioned in the first line of an article. Surely its a footnote, or the beginning of the history section and the current county should be prominently displayed and acknowledged. Garfie489 (talk) 03:38, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi Garfie, the town remains in the county of Kent. The counties themselves were not changed when the administrative Greater London area (currently a "ceremonial county") was formed. The terms historic/ancient/traditional counties are used to contrast administrative areas from the counties themselves. Bromley is in Greater London and the traditional/historic county of Kent. Bromley has been in Kent since medieval times, and the Greater London Government Act 1964 certainly did not change this. It simply placed it in a new administrative area designed to govern more of the conurbation of London than the similarly-created County of London. PlatinumClipper96 (talk) 14:14, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

There is a similar and perhaps more detailed debate going on at Romford. It is unfortunate that these talks always take place in seperate articles. Due to their constant recurrence I think it would be halpful to create a specific site, but that seems easier said than done. Ideally they should take place at the WikiProject UK Geography/placenames talk page, but that rarely happens. Whatever, Romford is there for those that have not seen it. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 18:46, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bromley


text:
Talk:SableVM

Untitled
What is this, an ad for SableVM? Doesn't seem like Encyclopedia material to me. --Doradus 03:14, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I know, I don't like all these SableVM either. Fixing this has been on my list since I wrote the page.

I'll do this sooner or later. --gadek

 * I'm pretty much suggesting we delete this page. I can't see any value in it.

--Doradus 18:55, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I removed yelling, bolds etc, made it look more normal (good!). If you have any further comments or even better concrete ideas/hints what to improve or what's exactly still wrong - I am all ears. --gadek Fri Dec 12 12:39:32 UTC 2003

 * I guess that's an improvement, but (sorry to be blunt) it's still bogus and I'd still vote to delete it. It still doesn't look like any encyclopedia entry I've ever seen.  An encyclopedia entry should dispassionately describe the subject, give some history, describe the people involved, the project's significance, its relation to other similar projects, and so on.  (See Emacs for a good example.)  This turkey is still a project home page with an obvious bias.  For instance, who cares about the IRC channel and mailing lists?  Or, what proof do you have that a port to a new platform takes one hour?  Also, can this thing run the JCK?  If it can't, I don't think you have any business claiming that it is "implementing the Java virtual machine specification, second edition".

--Doradus 14:24, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the pointers - I'll do my best to improve it. Yes, I am probably biased but willing to learn :) I took a quick look at Java Constraint Kit (if that's what you meant). I haven't tired it. Feel free to help and report problems. Just note that SableVM implements specs. of a JVM not Java Language which are two distinct things. As its class library SableVM uses GNU Classpath which is responsible for most of what you'd call "Java Language". GNU CP is still being developed - so many things don't work. (I don't require you to know about java, and there's no offence here, just explaination). As I said - thanks for the pointers, I'll use them. (I just don't get why you're so quick in deciding to "just delete it" while I am here and willing to improve it instead.)

--gadek Tue Dec 16 04:02:28 UTC 2003

 * Maybe not like Emacs yet, but I hope you can see progress... Should be acceptable now, I hope.

--gadek Tue Dec 16 13:01:11 UTC 2003

 * Well yes, actually that's a lot better. I'd change "extremely portable" to "portable" but besides that it's now a pretty good summary of the project. --Doradus 15:40, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:SableVM


text:
James Ellroy

Lee Earle "James" Ellroy (born March 4, 1948) is an American crime fiction writer and essayist. Ellroy has become known for a telegrammatic prose style in his most recent work, wherein he frequently omits connecting words and uses only short, staccato sentences, and in particular for the novels The Black Dahlia (1987) and L.A. Confidential (1990).

Early life
Lee Earle "James" Ellroy was born in Los Angeles. His mother, Geneva Odelia (née Hilliker), was a nurse. His father, Armand, was an accountant and a onetime business manager of Rita Hayworth. His parents divorced in 1954, after which Ellroy and his mother moved to El Monte, California.

At the age of seven, Ellroy saw his mother naked and began to sexually fantasize about her. He struggled in youth with this obsession, as he held a psycho-sexual relationship with her, and tried to catch glimpses of her nude. Ellroy stated that "I lived for naked glimpses. I hated her and lusted for her..."

On June 22, 1958, when Ellroy was 10 years old, his mother was raped and murdered. Ellroy later described his mother as "sharp-tongued [and] bad-tempered", unable to keep a steady job, alcoholic, and sexually promiscuous. His first reaction upon hearing of her death was relief: he could now live with his father, whom he preferred. His father was more permissive and allowed Ellroy to do as he pleased, namely be "left alone to read, to go out and peep through windows, prowl around and sniff the air." The police never found his mother's killer, and the case still remains unsolved. The murder, along with reading The Badge by Jack Webb (a book comprising sensational cases from the files of the Los Angeles Police Department, a birthday gift from his father), were important events of Ellroy's youth.

Ellroy's inability to come to terms with the emotions surrounding his mother's murder led him to transfer them onto another murder victim, Elizabeth Short. Nicknamed the "Black Dahlia," Short was a young woman murdered in 1947, her body cut in half and discarded in Los Angeles, in a notorious and unsolved crime. Throughout his youth, Ellroy used Short as a surrogate for his conflicting emotions and desires. His confusion and trauma led to a period of intense clinical depression, from which he recovered only gradually.

Education
In 1962, Ellroy began to attend Fairfax High School, a predominantly Jewish high school. While in high school, he began to engage in a variety of outrageous acts, many anti-Semitic in nature. He joined the American Nazi Party, purchased Nazi paraphernalia, sang the Horst-Wessel-Lied at school, mailed Nazi pamphlets to girls he liked, openly criticized John F. Kennedy, and ironically advocated for the reinstatement of slavery. His "Crazy Man Act", as Ellroy describes it, was a plea for attention and got him beat up and eventually expelled from Fairfax High School in 11th grade, after ranting about Nazism in his English class.

Ellroy's father died soon after this, with his father's last words to him being, "Try to pick up every waitress who serves you."

Early career
After being expelled from high school, Ellroy then joined the U.S. Army for a short period of time. On enlisting, Ellroy soon decided he did not belong there and convinced an army psychiatrist he was unfit for combat. He was discharged after three months.

Ellroy credits the public libraries of Los Angeles County as the basis of his writing. He shelved books at the public library. In a speech at the Library of Congress in 2019 he declared: "I am a product of the L.A. County Public Library System." During his teens and 20s, he drank heavily and abused Benzedrex inhalers. He was engaged in minor crimes (especially shoplifting, house-breaking, and burglary) and was often homeless. After serving some time in jail and suffering from pneumonia, during which he developed an abscess on his lung "the size of a large man's fist," Ellroy stopped drinking and began working as a golf caddie while pursuing writing. He later said, "Caddying was good tax-free cash and allowed me to get home by 2 p.m. and write books.... I caddied right up to the sale of my fifth book." Ellroy has also summed up his life by saying: "Boy's mother murdered. Boy's life shattered. Boy grows up homeless alcoholic jailbird. Jailbird cleans up and writes his way to salvation. Jailbird becomes the Mad Dog of American Crime Fiction."

Personal life
On October 4, 1991, Ellroy married writer and critic Helen Knode. The couple moved from California to Kansas City in 1995. In 2006, after their divorce, Ellroy returned to Los Angeles. The two later reconciled and moved to Denver, although Ellroy has stated that they live in separate apartments in the same building. He frequently tells interviewers that the issue for him is not monogamy, but cohabitation.

Ellroy joined Alcoholics Anonymous in the 1970s.

Literary career
In 1981, Ellroy published his first novel, Brown's Requiem, a detective story drawing on his experiences as a caddie. He then published Clandestine and Silent Terror (which was later published under the title Killer on the Road). Ellroy followed these three novels with the Lloyd Hopkins Trilogy. The novels are centered on Hopkins, a brilliant but disturbed LAPD robbery-homicide detective, and are set mainly in the 1980s.

He is a self-described recluse who possesses very few technological amenities, including television, and claims never to read contemporary books by other authors, aside from Joseph Wambaugh's The Onion Field, out of concern that they might influence his own. However, this does not mean that Ellroy does not read at all, as he claims in My Dark Places to have read at least two books a week growing up, eventually shoplifting more to satisfy his love of reading. He then goes on to say that he read works by Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler.

Writing style
Hallmarks of his work include dense plotting and a relentlessly pessimistic—albeit moral—worldview. His work has earned Ellroy the nickname "Demon dog of American crime fiction."

Ellroy writes longhand on legal pads rather than on a computer. He prepares elaborate outlines for his books, most of which are several hundred pages long.

Dialogue and narration in Ellroy novels often consists of a "heightened pastiche of jazz slang, cop patois, creative profanity and drug vernacular" with a particular use of period-appropriate slang. He often employs a sort of telegraphese (stripped-down, staccato-like sentence structures), a style that reaches its apex in The Cold Six Thousand. Ellroy describes it as a "direct, shorter-rather-than-longer sentence style that's declarative and ugly and right there, punching you in the nards." This signature style is not the result of a conscious experimentation but of chance and came about when he was asked by his editor to shorten his novel L.A. Confidential by more than one hundred pages. Rather than removing any subplots, Ellroy abbreviated the novel by cutting every unnecessary word from every sentence, creating a unique style of prose. While each sentence on its own is simple, the cumulative effect is a dense, baroque style.

The L.A. Quartet

While his early novels earned him a cult following and notice among crime fiction buffs, Ellroy earned much greater success and critical acclaim with the L.A. Quartet—The Black Dahlia, The Big Nowhere, L.A. Confidential, and White Jazz. The four novels represent Ellroy's change of style from the tradition of classic modernist noir fiction of his earlier novels to what has been classified as postmodern historiographic metafiction. The Black Dahlia, for example, fused the real-life murder of Elizabeth Short with a fictional story of two police officers investigating the crime.

Underworld USA Trilogy
In 1995, Ellroy published American Tabloid, the first novel in a series informally dubbed the "Underworld USA Trilogy" that Ellroy describes as a "secret history" of the mid-to-late 20th century. Tabloid was named TIME's fiction book of the year for 1995. Its follow-up, The Cold Six Thousand, became a bestseller. The final novel, Blood's a Rover, was released on September 22, 2009.

My Dark Places
After publishing American Tabloid, Ellroy began a memoir, My Dark Places, based on his memories of his mother's murder, the unconventional relationship he had with her, and his investigation of the crime. In the memoir, Ellroy mentions that his mother's murder received little news coverage because the media were still fixated on the stabbing death of mobster Johnny Stompanato, who was dating actress Lana Turner. Frank C. Girardot, a reporter for The San Gabriel Valley Tribune, accessed files on Geneva Hilliker Ellroy's murder from detectives with Los Angeles Police Department. Based on the cold case file, Ellroy and investigator Bill Stoner worked the case but gave up after 15 months, believing any suspects to be dead. After the final pages of My Dark Places, a contact page is provided, stating: "The investigation continues. Information on the case can be forwarded to Detective Stoner either through the toll-free number, 1-800-717-6517, or his e-mail address, detstoner@earthlink.net." In 2008, The Library of America selected the essay "My Mother's Killer" from My Dark Places for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime.

Other
Ellroy is currently writing a "Second L.A. Quartet" taking place during the Second World War, with some characters from the first L.A. Quartet and the Underworld USA Trilogy reappearing in younger depictions. The first book, Perfidia, was released on September 9, 2014. The second book is titled This Storm which had a release date of May 14, 2019. It was released May 30, 2019, in the United Kingdom, and June 4, 2019, in the United States.

A Waterstones exclusive limited edition of Perfidia was published two days after its initial release and included an essay by Ellroy titled "Ellroy's History—Then and Now." . Ellroy dedicated Perfidia "To Lisa Stafford." The epigraph is "Envy thou not the oppressor, And choose none of his ways" from Proverbs 3:31.

In collaboration with the Los Angeles Police Museum and Glynn Martin, the museum's executive director, Ellroy released LAPD '53 on May 19, 2015. Photography from the museum's archives are presented alongside Ellroy's writings about crime and law enforcement during that era.

In the fall of 2017, Ellroy investigated the murder of Sal Mineo. Reminiscent of how he investigated his mother's unsolved murder, Ellroy worked with Glynn Martin, an ex-LAPD officer, the LAPD Museum's current executive director, and co-author of LAPD '53. Ellroy wrote about this investigation for The Hollywood Reporter in digital form on December 21, 2018, and it also appeared in published form in the December 18, 2018, issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine.

Early in January 2019, Ellroy posted news on jamesellroy.net, writing, "I’m digitally illiterate, so you’ve got to gas on the fact that I’m breaking baaaaaaaaad from tradition, in order to post this announcement." Ellroy posted that he had been inducted into the Everyman's Library series. Three Everyman's Library editions have been reprinted: The L.A. Quartet, The Underworld U.S.A. Trilogy, Volume I and The Underworld U.S.A. Trilogy, Volume II. The release dates for these editions, as well as This Storm: A Novel, was June 4, 2019. Ellroy added, "Stay stirringly tuned to this website for further updates" and simply signed the finished post Ellroy, inserting a dog's pawprint below it.

In 2022 Ellroy a long-time fan of Chester Himes wrote the introduction to Himes's classic, 'A Rage in Harlem'. In his hard-bitten style, Ellroy raves that "'A Rage in Harlem' features a mind-mauling array of chump-change hustles, lurid larcenies, and malicious mischief."The novel was originally published in France in 1958 where it won France's 'Grand Prix de Littérature Policière', and was most recently re-published by Vintage Books.

In 2023, at the LA Times Festival of Books, Ellroy revealed, in light of his latest book The Enchanters and his editors' response to it, that he had abandoned his previous plans to write a 'Second L.A. Quartet' and would instead turn it into a quintet, with The Enchanters being the third of five books in the series. The later books in the series will be set in the 1960s and will tie back in to the World War II setting, Japanese internment and the immediate post-war setting initially established in Perfidia and This Storm

Public life and views
In media appearances, Ellroy has adopted an outsized, stylized public persona of hard-boiled nihilism and self-reflexive subversiveness. He frequently begins public appearances with a monologue such as:

Good evening peepers, prowlers, pederasts, panty-sniffers, punks and pimps. I'm James Ellroy, the demon dog with the hog-log, the foul owl with the death growl, the white knight of the far right, and the slick trick with the donkey dick. I'm the author of 16 books, masterpieces all; they precede all my future masterpieces. These books will leave you reamed, steamed and drycleaned, tie-dyed, swept to the side, true-blued, tattooed and bah fongooed. These are books for the whole fuckin' family, if the name of your family is Manson.

Another aspect of his public persona involves an almost comically grand assessment of his work and his place in literature. For example, he told the New York Times, "I am a master of fiction. I am also the greatest crime novelist who ever lived. I am to the crime novel in specific what Tolstoy is to the Russian novel and what Beethoven is to music."

Structurally, several of Ellroy's books, such as The Big Nowhere, L.A. Confidential, American Tabloid, and The Cold Six Thousand, have three disparate points of view through different characters, with chapters alternating between them. Starting with The Black Dahlia, Ellroy's novels have mostly been historical dramas about the relationship between corruption and law enforcement.

A predominant theme of Ellroy's work is the myth of "closure". "Closure is bullshit", Ellroy often remarks, "and I would love to find the man who invented closure and shove a giant closure plaque up his ass." In his works characters often die or vanish quickly before otherwise traditional closure points in order to capitalize this idea.

Ellroy has claimed that he is done writing noir crime novels. "I write big political books now," he says. "I want to write about LA exclusively for the rest of my career. I don't know where and when."

On April 29, 2015, Ellroy and Lois Duncan were the Grandmasters at the 2015 Edgar Awards.

Politics
Ellroy has frequently espoused conservative political views. In 2019, Ellroy described himself as anti-totalitarian, conservative, and a Tory, adding "Underneath my profane exterior, I’m very concerned with decorum, with probity, with morality, and I have a painfully developed conscience. I despise unconscionable acts, whoever is perpetrating them."

In a 2009 interview, Ellroy said that in the 1960s and 1970s "I was never a peacemaker; I was a fuck-you right-winger." He has also been an outspoken and unquestioning admirer of the Los Angeles Police Department (despite his explicit depictions of brutality and corruption of the department in his novels), dismissing its flaws as aberrations. He has referred to the coverage of the Rodney King beating and Rampart police scandals were overblown by a biased media. Nevertheless, like other aspects of his persona, he often deliberately obscures where his public persona ends and his actual views begin. When asked about his "right-wing tendencies," he told an interviewer, "Right-wing tendencies? I do that to fuck with people." Similarly, in the film Feast of Death, his (now ex-) wife describes his politics as "bullshit," an assessment to which Ellroy responds only with a knowing smile. Privately, Ellroy opposes the death penalty.

In 2001, Ellroy stated that he is opposed to gun control. In the 2000 presidential election, Ellroy voted for George W. Bush "because I wanted to repudiate Gore and Clintonism and nobody hates Bill Clinton more than me..." In 2009, he called Bush a "slimeball and the most disastrous American president in recent times." He stated that he voted for Barack Obama, though later denied doing so; while adding that most of his statements on modern politics are willful misrepresentations.

Ellroy has frequently shared his thoughts on politicians and political candidates. He has called Hillary Clinton a "bull dyke in a pantsuit", compared John McCain to Mr. Magoo, Joe Biden to Daffy Duck, and said that "Obama looks like a f---ing lemur, a little rodent-like creature, a marsupial or something." He has praised President Ronald Reagan on several occasions, calling him a "titanic human being." On President Donald Trump, Ellroy stated that he "doesn’t have the charm of a true, world-class dictator", but also understands his appeal, as "He’s the big ‘fuck you’ to all pieties."

In 2022, Ellroy stated that he no longer followed contemporary politics.

Religion
Following his parents' divorce, Ellroy was sent to a Dutch Lutheran Church by his mother every Sunday. In 2004, Ellroy had stated "I had a Christian upbringing of sorts, Lutheran. I don't go to church. I can't say I'm a Christian."

However, in 2013, Ellroy stated "I'm a Christian. I’m not an Evangelical Christian, but God and religious spiritual feelings always guided me during the worst moments of my life, and I don't for a moment doubt it." In 2014, Ellroy stated that "I'm a Christian. I believe we are all one soul united in God", adding that he is "conservative and theocratic".

Ellroy has stated that his faith has influenced his novels, describing them as "stories of redemption." He described his 2021 novel Widespread Panic as "very much a Christian novel."

Film adaptations and screenplays
Several of Ellroy's works have been adapted to film, including Blood on the Moon (adapted as Cop), L.A. Confidential, Brown's Requiem, Killer on the Road/Silent Terror (adapted as Stay Clean), and The Black Dahlia. In each instance, screenplays based on Ellroy's work have been penned by other screenwriters.

While he has frequently been disappointed by these adaptations (such as Cop), he was very complimentary of Curtis Hanson and Brian Helgeland's screenplay for L.A. Confidential at the time of its release. In succeeding years, however, his comments have been more reserved:

"L.A. Confidential, the movie, is the best thing that happened to me in my career that I had absolutely nothing to do with. It was a fluke—and a wonderful one—and it is never going to happen again—a movie of that quality.

Here's my final comment on L.A. Confidential, the movie: I go to a video store in Prairie Village, Kansas. The youngsters who work there know me as the guy who wrote L.A. Confidential. They tell all the little old ladies who come in there to get their G-rated family flick. They come up to me, they say, 'OOOO… you wrote L.A. Confidential.... Oh, what a wonderful, wonderful movie. I saw it four times. You don't see storytelling like that on the screen anymore.' ... I smile, I say, 'Yes, it's a wonderful movie, and a salutary adaptation of my wonderful novel. But listen, Granny: You love the movie. Did you go out and buy the book?' And Granny invariably says, 'Well, no, I didn't.' And I say to Granny, 'Then what the fuck good are you to me?'"

Shortly after viewing three hours of unedited footage for Brian De Palma's adaptation of The Black Dahlia, Ellroy wrote an essay, "Hillikers," praising De Palma and his film. Ultimately, nearly an hour was removed from the final cut. Of the released film, Ellroy told the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, "Look, you're not going to get me to say anything negative about the movie, so you might as well give up." He had, however, mocked the film's director, cast, and production design before it was filmed.

Ellroy co-wrote the original screenplay for the 2008 film Street Kings but refused to do any publicity for the finished film.

In a September 2008, Daily Variety reported that HBO, along with Tom Hanks's production company, Playtone, was developing American Tabloid and The Cold Six Thousand for either a miniseries or ongoing series.

In a September 2009 interview, Ellroy himself stated, "All movie adaptations of my books are dead." In a November 2012 interview, when asked about how movie adaptations distort his books, he remarked, "[Film studios] can do whatever the [fuck] they want as long as they pay me." As of 2023, Ellroy refuses to answer any questions about both the film adaptions of his books or the scripts he wrote in the 2000s.

In an October 2017 interview with The New York Times, Tom Hanks stated he would be interested in playing the part of Lloyd Hopkins if a film or stage adaptation was put into production.

In February of 2024, it was reported Ellroy had signed on with Hollywood talent agency UTA and that producers were shopping a film adaption of his then-latest novel The Enchanters around.

Stand-alone novels

 * Brown's Requiem (1981)
 * Clandestine (1982)
 * Killer on the Road (originally published as Silent Terror) (1986)
 * Widespread Panic (2021)

Lloyd Hopkins Trilogy
(also published in an omnibus edition as 'L.A. Noir' (1997))
 * Blood on the Moon (1984)
 * Because the Night (1984)
 * Suicide Hill (1986)

L.A. Quartet

 * The Black Dahlia (1987)
 * The Big Nowhere (1988)
 * L.A. Confidential (1990)
 * White Jazz (1992)
 * The L.A. Quartet (2019)

Underworld USA Trilogy

 * American Tabloid (1995)
 * The Cold Six Thousand (2001)
 * Blood's a Rover (2009)
 * The Underworld U.S.A. Trilogy, Volume I (2019)
 * The Underworld U.S.A Trilogy, Volume II (2019)

L.A. Quintet (Formerly the Second L.A. Quartet)

 * Perfidia (2014)
 * This Storm (2019)
 * The Enchanters (2023)

Short stories and essays

 * Dick Contino's Blues (issue number 46 of Granta magazine, Winter 1994)
 * Hollywood Nocturnes (1994; UK title: Dick Contino's Blues and Other Stories)
 * Crime Wave (1999)
 * Destination: Morgue! (2004)
 * Shakedown (2012) (e-book) ISBN 978-1-61452-047-4
 * LAPD '53 (2015)

Autobiography

 * My Dark Places (1996)
 * The Hilliker Curse: My Pursuit of Women (2010)

Editor

 * The Best American Mystery Stories 2002 (2002)
 * The Best American Crime Writing 2005 (2005)
 * (Note: Part of The Best American Series)

Other works, influences, and adaptations

 * ((Love Me Fierce in Danger: The Life of James Ellroy by Steven Powell - Published 2023.))
 * ((Love Me Fierce in Danger: The Life of James Ellroy by Steven Powell - Published 2023.))
 * ((Love Me Fierce in Danger: The Life of James Ellroy by Steven Powell - Published 2023.))
 * ((Love Me Fierce in Danger: The Life of James Ellroy by Steven Powell - Published 2023.))

Documentaries

 * 1993 James Ellroy: Demon Dog of American Crime Fiction
 * 1995 White Jazz
 * 2001 James Ellroy's Feast of Death
 * 2005 James Ellroy: American Dog
 * 2006 Murder by the Book: "James Ellroy"
 * 2011 James Ellroy's L.A.: City of Demons

Films

 * 1988 Cop
 * 1997 L.A. Confidential
 * 1998 Brown's Requiem
 * 2002 Stay Clean
 * 2002 Vakvagany
 * 2002 Dark Blue
 * 2003 Das Bus
 * 2005 James Ellroy presents Bazaar Bizarre
 * 2006 The Black Dahlia
 * 2008 Street Kings
 * 2008 Land of the Living
 * 2011 Rampart

Television

 * 1992 "Since I Don't Have You" adapted by Steven A. Katz for Showtime's Fallen Angels.
 * 2011 James Ellroy's L.A.: City of Demons for Investigation Discovery.

title: James Ellroy


text:
Kangwon Province, North Korea

Kangwon Province (Kangwŏndo; ) is a province of North Korea, with its capital at Wŏnsan. Before the division of Korea in 1945, Kangwŏn Province and its South Korean neighbour Gangwon Province (also spelled Kangwon Province sometimes) formed a single province that excluded Wŏnsan.

History
Kangwŏn was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. The province was formed 1395, and derived its name from the names of the principal cities of Gangneung (or Kangnŭng; 강릉; 江陵) and the provincial capital Wonju (or Wŏnju; 원주; 原州).

In 1895, Kangwŏn was replaced by the Districts of Chuncheon (Chuncheon-bu; 춘천부; 春川府) in the west and Gangneung (Gangneung-bu; 강릉부; 江陵府) in the east. Wonju became part of Chungju District. During 1910–1945 Japanese colonial period in Korea, the province was known as Kōgen-dō.

In 1896, Korea was redivided into thirteen provinces, and the two districts were merged to re-form Kangwŏn Province. Although Wonju rejoined Kangwŏn province, the provincial capital was moved to Chuncheon.

In 1945, Kangwŏn Province (along with the rest of Korea) was divided by the 38th parallel north in 1945 into Soviet and American zones of occupation in the north and south respectively. In 1946, the northern province was expanded to include the North Korean portion of Gyeonggi Province and the area around Wŏnsan in South Hamgyŏng Province. The provincial capital of the North Korean portion of the province was established at Wŏnsan, as Kangwŏn's traditional capitals Wonju and Chuncheon both were south of the 38th parallel. In 1948, the province became part of the new Democratic People's Republic of Korea. As a result of the Korean War Armistice Agreement of 1953, the boundary between the North and South Korean portions of the province was shifted northward to the Military Demarcation Line.

In 2002, Mount Kumgang Tourist Region was split off from the rest of the province to form a separately-administered region. However, in January 2024, after asserting unification as impossible and declaring South Korea a hostile state, North Korea announced that they would close the Mount Kumgang International Tourism Administration.

Geography
The province is bordered by South Hamgyŏng to the north, South P'yŏngan and North Hwanghae to the west, and Kaesŏng to the south. Additionally, the province is across the Korean Demilitarized Zone from its South Korean counterpart Gangwon and Gyeonggi. To the east is the Sea of Japan.

The province is dominated by the T'aebaek Mountains, the highest peak of which is Mount Kumgang ("Diamond Mountain").

Kangwŏn and Gangwon Provinces are together referred to as the Gwandong region. The region west of the Taebaek Mountains is called Yŏngsŏ, while the region east of the mountains is called Yŏngdong.

In April 2003, the Mt. Chuae Plant Reserve was created. The reserve is 687 hectares and is in Shindong-ri, Sepho County, and Sanyang-ri, Kosan County. Mt. Chuae is 1,528 meters above sea level and is part of the Masingnyong Mountains. The DPRK Nature Conservation Union is trying to preserve mixed forests of pine and broad-leaf trees. The DPRK Cabinet-level decision has banned animal grazing and collecting plant resources and other acts of damaging the environment.

Administrative divisions
Kangwŏn Province is divided into 2 cities (si), 1 special administrative region, and 15 counties (kun).

Cities

 * Munchŏn-si (문천시; 文川市)
 * Wŏnsan-si (원산시; 元山市)

Counties

 * Anbyŏn-gun (안변군; 安邊郡)
 * Ch'angdo-gun (창도군; 昌道郡)
 * Ch'ŏnnae-gun (천내군; 川內郡)
 * Ch'ŏrwŏn-gun (철원군; 鐵原郡)
 * Hoeyang-gun (회양군; 淮陽郡)
 * Ich'ŏn-gun (이천군; 伊川郡)
 * Kimhwa-gun (김화군; 金化郡)
 * Kosan-gun (고산군; 高山郡)
 * Kosŏng-gun (고성군; 高城郡)
 * Kŭmgang-gun (금강군; 金剛郡)
 * Mount Kumgang Tourist Region (금강산 관광 지구; 金剛山觀光地區)
 * P'an'gyo-gun (판교군; 板橋郡)
 * Pŏptong-gun (법동군; 法洞郡)
 * P'yŏnggang-gun (평강군; 平康郡)
 * Sep'o-gun (세포군; 洗浦郡)
 * T'ongch'ŏn-gun (통천군; 通川郡)

title: Kangwon Province, North Korea


text:
1994 World Series

The 1994 World Series was the scheduled championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1994 season. It was canceled due to a strike by the MLB Players Association. The cancelation marked the second time (and to date last) a World Series was not played in a given season and the first since 1904.

Canceled playoffs
This was to have been the first year of an expanded eight-team playoff system, with the American League (AL) and National League (NL) realigning into three divisions each (East, Central, and West) at the start of the 1994 season, and the addition of a wild card spot in each league. The NL champion was then supposed to be assigned home-field advantage in 1994 World Series, based on an annual rotation dating back to the mid-1930s in which the World Series opened in the NL city in even-numbered years and opened in the AL city in odd-numbered years. With the postseason canceled, the new playoff system did not go into effect until the 1995 postseason, and the annual World Series rotation was then reversed so that home-field advantage for the 1995 World Series was assigned to the NL champion.

Atlanta Braves' run of division titles
At the time that the strike began, the Montreal Expos had a six game lead in the NL East over the Atlanta Braves, while the Braves had a 2$1/2$ game lead over the Houston Astros for the NL wild card. As there were no division champions in 1994, the Braves are officially credited with winning 14 consecutive division titles from 1991 to 2005, winning the NL West in the final three years of the two–division system and then winning 11 consecutive NL East titles from 1995 to 2005.

Television coverage
1994 was the first season that national telecasts were produced by The Baseball Network, a joint venture between MLB, ABC, and NBC. Under the original arrangement, ABC would have broadcast the World Series in even-numbered years (included 1994) and NBC would have televised the series in odd-numbered years. Because this 1994 series was cancelled, ABC and NBC shared broadcast rights to the 1995 World Series, after which the joint venture was ended. Beginning with the 1996 edition, broadcast rights moved to Fox Network.

title: 1994 World Series


text:
User:Khanartist

 * 'I'm a twenty year old American college student, currently studying political science at the University of Pittsburgh. I'm male, Irish-Italian, a Democrat, and I often forget to sign my comments. Whenever I have time, which isn't often anymore, I browse through recent changes, wanted pages,  new pages, and VfD, and I don't get to pages needing attention as often as I'd like to. For amusement, I enjoy BJAODN, as well as RfC and RfAr, which often qualify for BJAODN. I very rarely edit anymore, but be warned: I'm still watching.

title: User:Khanartist


text:
Iga

Iga may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Ambush at Iga Pass, a 1958 Japanese film
 * Iga no Kagemaru, Japanese manga series
 * Iga, a set of characters from the Japanese novel The Kouga Ninja Scrolls

Biology

 * Iga (beetle), a genus of beetle in the family Carabidae
 * IgA, Immunoglobulin A, an antibody
 * Iga, or iga warta, Adnyamathanha name for Capparis mitchelii, the Australian native orange

Cuisine

 * Iga babi, Indonesian pork rib dish from Bali
 * Iga penyet, Indonesian fried beef spare ribs dish from Java

Japan

 * Iga Mori (毛利伊賀), a Japanese physician who also practised in Hawaii
 * Koji Igarashi (五十嵐 孝司), a Japanese video game producer, known for his involvement with the Castlevania series
 * Ujihiro Iga (伊賀氏広) Japanese aerospace pioneer
 * Yuji Iga (伊賀 裕治), a Japanese professional ice hockey player

Poland

 * Iga Baumgart-Witan (born 1989), a Polish sprinter
 * Iga Cembrzyńska (born 1939), a Polish actress
 * Iga Świątek (born 2001), a Polish tennis player
 * Iga Wyrwał (born 1989; also known as Eva or Eve), a Polish glamour model
 * Jadwiga (diminutive "Iga"), a Polish female given name

Other

 * Ayesha Leti-I'iga, New Zealand rugby union player
 * Christopher Iga, Ugandan politician

Japan

 * Iga Province, an old province in the area that is today western Mie Prefecture, Japan
 * Iga ikki, the confederacy of ninja families that controlled the province from the 1460s until 1581
 * Tenshō Iga War, the name of two historical invasions of the province, the second of which ended the Iga ikki
 * Iga, Mie, a city in Mie Prefecture, Honshū island, Japan
 * Iga Kokubun-ji, a buddhist temple
 * Iga Kokuchō ruins, an archaeological site
 * Iga Ueno Ninja Festa, annual five-week ninja-themed festival
 * Iga ware, style of traditional Japanese pottery from Iga area
 * Iga Ueno Castle, a fortification in the centre of town and site of the former headquarters of the Iga ikki
 * Iga-ryū (literally “the Iga School”), a school of ninjutsu in Japan

Elsewhere

 * Iga Idunganran, the official residence of the Oba (king) of Lagos, Nigeria
 * Iga Vas, a village in Slovenia

Transport

 * Iga-Kōzu Station, a railway station on the Osaka line in the city of Iga, Mie prefecture, Japan
 * Iga Railway Line, in the city of Iga, Mie prefecture, Japan
 * Iga-Kambe Station, a railway station on the other end of Iga line
 * Iga-Ueno Station, a railway terminus station on the Iga line
 * Iga Station, a railway station on the Kashii Line in Kasuya, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan

Other uses

 * 1854 Iga–Ueno earthquake, a deadly tremor in the Kansai region of Japan with the epicentre near Iga town
 * 8300 Iga (previously 1994 AO2), a main-belt asteroid
 * Tanaka-Iga, a Japanese company producing Buddhist goods
 * IGA (disambiguation)

title: Iga