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Bob Holness

Robert Wentworth John Holness (12 November 1928 – 6 January 2012) was a British-South African radio and television presenter and occasional actor. He presented the British version of Blockbusters.

Early life
Holness was born in Vryheid, Natal, South Africa. His grandfather had been a mining engineer and prospector; Holness's father succeeded him in these mining interests, "and regularly drove across Natal, paying out the wages at the mines, and returning with lumps of gold that had been discovered". When he was seven, his family moved to England, initially to Herne Bay, Kent, where his grandfather Nathaniel was brought up, then later to Ashford, Kent. After attending Ashford Grammar School and briefly Eastbourne College Holness went on to Maidstone College of Art (now the University for the Creative Arts). He then returned to South Africa and worked for a printing company.

Career
After moving back to South Africa in the 1950s, Holness joined a repertory theatre in Durban, South Africa.

Radio career
In 1955, Holness received his first job as a radio presenter and, a year later, became the second actor to portray James Bond (after Barry Nelson in the 1954 TV special Casino Royale) in a radio production of Moonraker for the SABC's Springbok Radio.

Holness joined the BBC as a presenter on Late Night Extra, initially on the BBC Light Programme and later on Radio 1 and Radio 2, presenting alongside Terry Wogan, Michael Parkinson and Keith Fordyce. From 1971, the show was broadcast solely on Radio 2. He moved to independent radio and co-presented the award-winning breakfast-time AM Programme alongside Douglas Cameron on London's LBC radio station between 1975 and 1985. Holness originally joined the station as an airborne traffic reporter, later progressing to reading networked news bulletins for IRN. He won the Variety Club Award for 'Joint Independent Radio Personality of the Year' in both 1979 and 1984.

From 1985 to 1997, Holness returned to Radio 2, presenting many shows including Bob Holness Requests the Pleasure and Bob Holness and Friends, as well as covering various weekday shows for holidaying presenters. From the late 1960s until 1998, he presented the request programme Anything Goes on the BBC World Service.

Television career
In 1962, Holness became the host of UK game show Take a Letter, and relief host of Thames Television's magazine programme Today in 1968. From 1983 until 1994 he presented the British version of Blockbusters, for which he is probably best known. Holness starred in a celebrity special of Catchphrase in 1988, and later appeared again with his daughter, Carol, in a Christmas version of Family Catchphrase, he was also on the 1988 Christmas edition of Bullseye partnered with Eric Bristow. In 1990 he was the subject of This Is Your Life.

Holness hosted Yorkshire Television's big-budget game show flop Raise the Roof, in 1995, before becoming the chairman of a revived Call My Bluff for the BBC. Holness appeared on one episode of Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway in 2004, when he presented the last round of Ant and Dec's Blockbusters, with Ant as a contestant.

Aside from presenting, Holness had an occasional acting career in television shows including Thriller, Rex the Runt and The Impressionable Jon Culshaw.

"Baker Street"
Holness was the subject of an urban myth, claimed to have been initiated in the 1980s by broadcaster Stuart Maconie who, writing for the New Musical Express in a section called 'Believe It or Not', said that Holness had played the saxophone riff on Gerry Rafferty's 1978 song "Baker Street". However, the actual performer was Raphael Ravenscroft. Tommy Boyd, among others, has disputed Maconie's claim to authorship of the rumour.

Personal life and death
Holness met his wife, former actress Mary Rose Clifford, in repertory theatre in South Africa. The couple married in 1955 before they returned to England in 1961, originally living with Mary's family in London, before moving to Manchester. Three years later, the family relocated to north-west London, settling in Pinner. The pair had three children; a son, Jonathan, and two daughters, Carol Ann (aka Nancy Nova) and Ros, singers and members of the band Toto Coelo.

Holness gave his support to many charities, including the children's charities Teenage Cancer Trust, Young People's Trust for the Environment and National Children's Home (now Action for Children), of which he was vice-president from 1994.

On 24 November 2002, Holness suffered a major stroke, following which a brain scan revealed he had previously suffered a number of transient ischaemic attacks over several years. He also suffered from hearing loss. Holness was diagnosed with coeliac disease in 2005. In the last few years of his life he suffered from vascular dementia and was cared for by his family at their home in Pinner until the last two weeks of his life when he entered Denville Hall nursing home. On 6 January 2012, Holness' family announced that he had died earlier that day, in his sleep, at the age of 83. His wife died on 26 June 2020 in Pinner, London. He had seven grandchildren.

title: Bob Holness


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Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl

Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl is a 1982 concert comedy film directed by Terry Hughes (with the film segments by Ian MacNaughton) and starring the Monty Python comedy troupe (Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin) as they perform many of their sketches at the Hollywood Bowl. The film also features Carol Cleveland in numerous supporting roles and Neil Innes performing songs. Also present for the shows and participating as an 'extra' was Python superfan Kim "Howard" Johnson.

The show also included filmed inserts which were mostly taken from two Monty Python specials, Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus, which had been broadcast on German television in 1972. The performance was recorded on videotape during the show's four-day run starting September 26, 1980 and transferred to film. In the wake of Life of Brian's worldwide success, the Pythons originally planned to release a film consisting of the two German shows redubbed and re-edited, but this proved impractical, and so Hollywood Bowl was released instead.

Although it mostly contains sketches from the television series, the scripts and performers are not identical to those seen on television. The line-up also includes some sketches that predated Monty Python's Flying Circus, including the "Four Yorkshiremen sketch", which dated from 1967's At Last the 1948 Show.

Sketches and songs
The "Silly Olympics" sketch is from the first Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus episode, dubbed into English. The original version also featured the events "1500m for people and their mothers" and "Hammer throw to America", whereas the latter acted as a link to the next sketch.
 * "Sit on My Face" – A ribald parody of Gracie Fields' "Sing as We Go" from Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album, performed by Cleese, Chapman, Gilliam and Jones in waiter outfits, sans trousers or underwear.
 * "Colin 'Bomber' Harris" – After an introduction by Palin, Chapman is his own opponent in the wrestling ring as Cleese delivers play-by-play. This is a mime piece that dates back to Chapman's college days.
 * "Never Be Rude to an Arab" – Jones performs an ostensible anti-racism song filled with demeaning epithets and is subsequently blown up. This sketch has two parts at different points in the show. In the first part, he's blown up and dragged offstage by Kim Johnson dressed as a large frog. In the second, he's blown up and dragged off by Johnson dressed as a Christmas tree. Also from Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album.
 * "The Last Supper" – Michelangelo (Idle) defends his creative first draft of The Last Supper painting against the objections of the Pope (Cleese). This sketch was originally written and performed by John Cleese for the first Amnesty benefit show A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick) in 1976, with Jonathan Lynn as Michelangelo. It is based on a historical incident involving the Renaissance painter Paolo Veronese.
 * "Silly Olympics" – In a filmed section, athletes compete in absurd sporting events of the "Silly Olympiad," an event traditionally held every 3.7 years. The events include
 * The 100m for Runners with No Sense of Direction. On the starting gun, the runners run off in every single direction.
 * The 1,500m for the Deaf. They don't move because they can't hear the starting gun.
 * The 200m Freestyle for Non-Swimmers. At the starting whistle, they all jump into the water and immediately sink without surfacing, to which the commentator remarks that they'll return to the swimming when they start "fishing the corpses out".
 * The Marathon for Incontinents (people with extremely weak bladders). In this, runners fall away from the group every couple of meters to relieve themselves, giving others the lead. This also shows them all running into the men's room on the starting gun and running past a water table without any of them getting a drink.
 * The 3000m Steeplechase for People Who Think They're Chickens. In this, the runners are all doing chicken movements all over the course, and seem to be trying desperately to lay eggs on the hurdles.
 * The High Jump briefly features, with one of the Pythons, perhaps Cleese, dressed as a woman. He takes a run-up, then jumps ridiculously high over a wall and onto a high balcony.
 * "Bruces' Philosophers Song" – The University of Woolloomooloo's Philosophy Department throws cans of Foster's Lager at the audience and perform "The Philosophers' Song", accompanied by large Gilliam cutouts, detailing the drinking habits of history's great thinkers and project lyrics for the audience and viewers to sing along to. Eric Idle, Michael Palin, and Neil Innes play three Bruces. Originally from the second season of the TV series.
 * "The Ministry of Silly Walks" – Palin has difficulty gaining funding for his (only slightly) silly walk. This also contains colour footage of the archival 'silly walks' film seen in the first episode of the second Python television series.
 * "Camp Judges" – British judges (Idle and Palin) behave unconventionally outside the courtroom. From Monty Python's Flying Circus, series 2.
 * "World Forum/Communist Quiz" – Historical socialist leaders Karl Marx (Jones), Lenin (Cleese), Che Guevara (Palin) and Mao Tse-tung (Gilliam) are asked British football trivia questions in a quiz show game hosted by Idle. From Monty Python's Flying Circus, series 2.
 * "I'm the Urban Spaceman" – Neil Innes performs the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band number as Carol Cleveland tap dances and constantly loses timing of the song. The song dates to 1968 and was performed in Do Not Adjust Your Set; this staging of it as a comedy dance routine previously appeared in Rutland Weekend Television with Lyn Ashley as the dancer.
 * "Crunchy Frog" – Candymaker Jones answers to the police (Chapman and Gilliam, who vomits into his helmet - Gilliam filled his mouth with cold beef stew when he ran off stage during the scene) for his disgusting varieties of chocolates. From series 1.
 * "Albatross" – Cleese, dressed as a waitress, attempts to vend a wandering albatross to audience member Jones. The sketch is stopped by the colonel (Chapman) for being too silly, who then orders Jones to report on stage for the next sketch. Originally performed during Season 1, although the film version uses adult language.
 * "Nudge Nudge" – Idle pesters Jones with perplexing innuendo. Originally performed in the third episode of Monty Python.
 * "International Philosophy" – In a filmed sequence, German philosophers take on Greek philosophers on a football field. This piece is from the second Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus episode. It is shown in two parts, with "Four Yorkshiremen" in between each.
 * "Four Yorkshiremen sketch" – Well-to-do Yorkshiremen (Palin, Idle, Chapman, and Jones) try to top one another's tales of their austere beginnings, each story getting more exaggerated and absurd. Originally written for At Last the 1948 Show.
 * The Argument Sketch – Palin pays Cleese to disagree with him. Sketch interrupted by Gilliam suspended from wires performing "I've Got Two Legs." Cleese ends Gilliam's singing by shooting him with a shotgun. The sketch originates from the TV series, though Gilliam's song was not part of the TV sketch.
 * "How Sweet to Be an Idiot" – Neil Innes sings an ode to lunacy. Also heard on the Monty Python Live at Drury Lane album.
 * "Travel Agency" – Palin attempts to sell a package tour to Mr. Smoketoomuch (Idle), who has a speech impediment where he can’t pronounce the letter ‘c’. He then goes on a very long rant about travel difficulties and will not stop, even as he is chased by an asylum orderly (Cleese) all about the stadium. He even interrupts the next sketch.
 * "Comedy Lecture" – Chapman explains slapstick comedy fundamentals in an extremely highbrow manner as Palin, Gilliam, and Jones demonstrate, with Jones invariably becoming the jokes' victim. Originally from the Experimental Theatre Club's revue called Loitering with Intent. (This skit was actually done close to the intermission to give time for Jones to clean himself up, plus it includes Gilliam being forced to shove an entire banana into his mouth.)
 * "Little Red Riding Hood" – In a filmed sequence, Cleese as Little Red Riding Hood endures a fractured retelling of the classic fairy tale. This piece is from the first Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus episode, dubbed into English. (Some VHS versions of Hollywood Bowl omit this piece.)
 * "Dead Bishop on the Landing" (aka "Salvation Fuzz") – A dead bishop on the landing disrupts a family's mealtime.
 * During the performance of this sketch, technical difficulties (a microphone starts feeding back) make Terry Jones lose his place (he temporarily looks up with a smirk on his face). Corpsing is rampant in this sketch; Eric Idle has trouble keeping a straight face while delivering his lines with an extraordinarily overwrought Yorkshire accent, which also causes Terry Jones to openly burst out laughing. At one point, Jones loses his 'Pepperpots' wig, which goes flying across the stage. Graham Chapman and Michael Palin slide across the stage to hide Jones as he replaces the wig, after which they all have trouble keeping a straight face (particularly Palin). This was always a difficult sketch to perform live—on other occasions, the 'Hand of God' (a large Gilliam-designed cut-out) fingered the wrong character. Idle describes the sketch as "shambolic" as he segues into:
 * "The Lumberjack Song" – A rugged, masculine outdoorsman (Idle, as opposed to Palin in the original BBC series; Palin had also performed it in Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus) unsettles the chorus by revealing his fondness for wearing women's clothes.
 * The following sketches from the Hollywood Bowl live show were cut from the film release: The Llama (opening sketch), Gumby Flower Arranging (second sketch); Mrs. Thing and Mrs. Entity (Pepperpots sketch) and, most surprisingly, the Dead Parrot sketch.

Box office
A film version of the Hollywood Bowl performances, with direction credited to Terry Hughes, was given a limited theatrical release in North America beginning on 25 June 1982. It grossed a total of US$327,958 during its theatrical run.

Technical and release history
The show was originally recorded on a specially-made analogue high-definition video system called 'Image Vision' (an early HDTV system), provided by Image Transform from Universal City, California which output a 655 line, 24fps video signal. The show was edited on videotape and a 35mm negative was produced from the tape for the striking of theatrical prints.

In Europe, a 1.85:1 widescreen version was released on DVD in 2007. In North America, the film is available only as an older lesser-quality full-frame version, as part of a two-disc set titled Monty Python Live, which includes the 1998 retrospective Monty Python Live at Aspen and the first (German) episode of Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus. The movie was also released as part of The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus 16-Ton Megaset and as part of Almost Everything Ever in One Gloriously Fabulous Ludicrously Definitive Outrageously Luxurious Monty Python Boxset.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl


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Westmont

Westmont may refer to:

Places

 * Westmont, California
 * Westmont, Illinois
 * Westmont, New Jersey
 * Westmont, Pennsylvania
 * Westmont Historic District

Schools

 * Westmont College, a private interdenominational Christian liberal arts college in Santa Barbara, California, USA
 * Westmont Community Unit School District 201, Westmont, Illinois, USA; school district
 * Westmont High School (disambiguation)

title: Westmont


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Frente Amplio

Frente Amplio may refer to:

 * Broad Front (Chile), a political coalition in Chile
 * Broad Front (Costa Rica), a political party in Costa Rica
 * Broad Front (Dominican Republic), a political coalition in the Dominican Republic
 * Broad Front (Peru), a political coalition in Peru
 * Broad Front (Uruguay), a Uruguayan left-wing coalition of political parties
 * Broad Progressive Front (Argentina), a political coalition in Argentina (2011–2013)
 * Broad Front UNEN, a political coalition in Argentina (2013–2015)
 * Broad Progressive Front, a political coalition in Mexico
 * Broad Popular Front, a political party in Panama
 * Broad Front for Democracy, a former political party in Panama

title: Frente Amplio


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Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers

The Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London. It ranks 84th in the order of precedence for the livery companies.

History
The Company was originally formed in 1956 when science and manufacturing were key to the UK economy and the memory of war time defence requirements were still fresh and the UK was a large-scale manufacturer of specialist electronic and mechanical scientific instruments. It is one of the Modern Livery Companies formed since 1926 having been granted its livery status by the City in 1963. In 2021 it was granted a Royal Charter.

As with the original Livery Companies it supports the profession and the craft of scientific instrument making, this is achieved through the exchange of ideas and information between members and guests, and also by its charitable donations supporting those in or retired from the profession.

The Company shares Glazier's Hall with two other Companies. The Hall was originally a tea warehouse and is built into the structure of London Bridge. Although the Livery Hall appears to be outside the boundary of the City of London, it is actually in the Ward of Bridge and Bridge Without and so linked to the Bridge Ward Club.

The Livery has a long-standing connection with the Institute of Measurement and Control, the Scientific Instrument Society and a number of other bodies related to measurement such as UKAS, NPL and BSi.

The history of the Company has been documented in two publications created by Past Masters and these can be downloaded here.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms includes two key figures from the area of scientific instrument making, Sir Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday. The crest is Minerva the Roman Goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare. It is featured in a stained glass window in the Company church St Margaret Lothbury.

Membership and Governance
Members, although from diverse areas such as nanotechnology, mechanical engineering, genetics and astronomy, industry and academia, must be connected to instrumentation or measurment in some way in order to join.

The Company has four levels of membership. Younger members (from 16 years old) who are still studying or in training can be Apprentices. This enables them to receive financial and/or mentoring support. The next is Freeman, usually someone who is early in their career; then up to Liveryman who are established in their profession and eligible to serve on the Court and progress to Master. Occasionally Honorary Freemen are admitted as a result of serving the Company or profession in some significant way.


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Adrian Mole

Adrian Albert Mole is the fictional protagonist in a series of books by English author Sue Townsend. The character first appeared (as "Nigel") as part of a comic diary featured in a short-lived arts magazine (called simply magazine) published in Leicester in 1980, and shortly afterward in a BBC Radio 4 play in 1982. The books are written in the form of a diary, with some additional content such as correspondence. The first two books appealed to many readers as a realistic and humorous treatment of the inner life of an adolescent boy, and capturing the zeitgeist of the UK during the Thatcher period.

Themes
The first books concentrate on Adrian's desires and ambitions in life (to marry his teenage sweetheart, publish his poetry and novels, obtain financial security) and his complete failure to achieve them. The series satirises human pretensions, and especially, in the first couple of volumes, teenage pretensions.

The second theme is depiction of the social and political situation in Britain, with particular reference to left-wing politics in the 1980s in the first three books. For example, Mr and Mrs Mole's divorce reflects rising divorce rates in the 1980s, and living together unmarried was becoming a norm. Adrian's mother becomes a staunch feminist and briefly joins the Greenham Common campaigners. Pandora, Adrian's love interest, and her parents are part of an intellectualised and left-wing middle class that attempted to embrace the working class.

Humour arises from the outworking of larger social forces within a very ordinary household in a very ordinary part of Middle England.

The last three books move in slightly new directions, showing Adrian as an adult in different environments. They have a stronger element of political satire, mainly examining New Labour, and in Weapons of Mass Destruction, the Iraq War. The intervening book, Adrian Mole: The Wilderness Years, mixes these themes, with events such as the Gulf War seen from Adrian's naive and frustrated point of view, as well as depictions of his experiences of unemployment and public spending cutbacks, both major political issues at the time. In dealing with political events, a constant plot device is that Adrian makes confident predictions and statements that are known to be wrong by the reader, ranging from belief in the Hitler Diaries to an Iraqi victory in the Gulf War and the existence of their weapons of mass destruction.

Biography
Adrian Albert Mole is born 2 April, with the first book establishing the year as 1967. He grows up with his parents in the city of Leicester; before moving to Ashby-de-la-Zouch in England's East Midlands. Adrian's family are largely unskilled working class/lower middle class. He is an only child until the age of 15, when his half-brother Brett and half-sister Rosie are born. Adrian is not gifted academically but does tolerably well at school, though he does sometimes suffer the ire of headmaster "Pop-Eye" Scruton. Though not especially popular he has a small circle of friends and even a girlfriend Pandora Braithwaite (whose parents Ivan and Tania are affluent Trotskyites). At one point he falls into bad company with Barry Kent and his gang, who had bullied him in earlier years, but generally he keeps out of trouble. Throughout all this Adrian sees himself as an "intellectual" and a thwarted "Great Writer".

Ironically Adrian actually is a good writer, as the quality of his diaries attests, but he feels he must adopt a "high" or avant-garde literary style to be taken seriously. His novel ''Lo! The Flat Hills of My Homeland'' is unsurprisingly never published: the few passages included in the diaries are painful to read (though Adrian himself regards them as "magnificent"), and the first few drafts were even written without vowels. Over several books he develops a script for a white van serial killer comedy programme which the BBC is reluctant to produce. Another of his works The Restless Tadpole: an Opus is described by one potential agent as "effete crap".

As a young man he moves to London and takes a job in a Soho restaurant catering to media types. London is going through a foodie renaissance and offal is all the rage. Adrian is persuaded to feature as a celebrity chef in a television cookery programme called Offally Good!; although he is told the programme is a comedy, he typically fails to realise he is being set up as the stooge, the comic straight man. He is contracted to write a book to accompany the show, but is suffering from writer's block, his mother eventually writes it for him, without his knowledge, with a dedication reading "To my beloved mother, Pauline Mole, who has nurtured me and inspired me throughout my life. Without this magnificent woman's wisdom and erudition I could not have written this book."

He befriends an old pensioner called Archie Tait whilst he is living back at home with his mother. When Archie dies, Adrian goes to live in his old house, since Archie had no real ties. He finds out that Glenn Bott is his son and cannot pay Sharon all the money, so he cares for Glenn full-time. Glenn's remedial teacher, Eleanor Flood, a convicted arsonist, burns Archie's old house down.

Adrian ends up working in an antiquarian bookshop. Having lived in relative poverty for much of his life, and for some time in London in actual squalor, he overextends himself financially, lured by the banks' promises of easy credit, and buys a converted loft apartment, at Rat Wharf. He is terrorized by swans, buys a talking fridge, and enjoys his newfound freedom as his children are "off his hands". Glenn is now in the British Army while William is living with his mother and Mole's ex-wife, Jojo, in Nigeria.

He gets caught up in a relationship with Marigold Flowers, a strange woman with a passion for dollhouses. He is attracted to her at first, but he likes her less each day and she costs him a lot of money. He tries and fails to end the relationship. Adrian's debt accumulates to such an extent that he owes £200,000 at one point.

Eventually Adrian moves into his parents' converted pigsties, along with Marigold's sister Daisy, whom he marries. The couple settle down and have a daughter Gracie, but Adrian's problems are far from over. He suffers the double tragedy of losing his new wife to the local squire while discovering that he himself has cancer. His loyal friend and co-worker Bernard Hopkins comes to the rescue, moving in with him and promising to remain until his cancer is in remission. Fortunately Adrian's cancer treatment is successful and Bernard leaves to pursue romance with a local widow, giving Adrian a pig as a farewell present. The final book ends with Adrian finding out he will be a grandfather and Pandora arriving outside the house.

Family
The Mole family is dysfunctional. Adrian's parents Pauline and George Mole are working-class characters with limited social mobility who drink and smoke heavily. Both are often unemployed; they have separated, divorced and remarried several times, often in the wake of extramarital affairs. In a reversal of a typical teenager-mother relationship, Pauline berates Adrian for keeping his room "like a bloody shrine". They move from Leicester to Ashby-de-la-Zouch with their dog (only ever referred to as "the dog", who is eventually replaced by "the new dog"). Adrian's paternal grandmother Edna May Mole is also prominent in the early diaries until her death in The Wilderness Years.

Pauline first leaves George for their neighbour, Mr. Lucas, an insurance man. George fathers a second son, Brett, by a lover, Doreen Slater, whom Adrian privately refers to as "Stick Insect". Brett makes a reappearance in the later books as a successful yet unpleasant businessman who loses his fortune during the credit crunch. Doreen is killed off in Prostrate Years. Pauline temporarily marries her younger lodger Martin Muffet, who eventually leaves her for Adrian's girlfriend Bianca Dartington, giving Adrian and his mother a shared heartbreak. Later, George and Pauline effect a partner swap with Ivan and Tania Braithwaite (parents of Pandora), only to reunite after Ivan's untimely death.

Adrian's half-sister, Rosie Germaine Mole (after feminist Germaine Greer), grows up to be rebellious and street-smart, in contrast to Adrian. Despite opposing personalities, the siblings enjoy a close relationship, and Adrian often feels that she is the only family member who understands him. She also relies on him on occasion; when she becomes pregnant as a teenager, Adrian supports her decision to have an abortion.

Although the identity of Rosie's father is originally uncertain, in The Prostrate Years Mr Lucas, now wealthy, gets back in touch with Rosie and demands a DNA test on The Jeremy Kyle Show. Adrian tries to talk his mother and Rosie out of informing George or appearing on the show, but they do so; the test proves that Mr Lucas is Rosie's father. As Rosie's relationship with her parents breaks down, she moves in with Mr Lucas and starts calling him "Dad" and herself "Rosie Lucas". Pauline also raises the possibility of Adrian's real father being a poetry-writing maggot farmer she dated before she married George, but Adrian decides not to investigate. He thanks his father after learning that he raised him single-handedly during the first year of his life when Pauline was suffering from postpartum depression.

It is mentioned that Adrian's middle name, Albert, is after his paternal grandfather. However, in The Growing Pains of Adrian Mole, it is stated that his name was Arnold, and as Arthur in Weapons of Mass Destruction. However, he is simply called Grandad Mole. Adrian's maternal grandparents, the Sugdens, have never had their names revealed, although Pauline has two brothers, Dennis and Pete. Dennis married a woman called Marcia, and they had a son called Maurice, and Pete married a woman called Yvonne, who had died. Grandma Sugden had died twenty years previously, as of The Lost Diaries. Adrian's aunt, Susan Mole, appears in most – if not all – of the books. Susan is a lesbian and prison officer at Holloway Prison. In earlier books, she is dating a woman called Gloria, but later is married to another woman called Amanda.

Adrian's three children

 * Glenn Bott-Mole, son of Sharon Bott, whom Adrian knew at school and had an affair with as a young man. Sharon represents the underclass of British society. Glenn moves in with his father and it is revealed the boy has a lot of respect for him when Adrian sees the cover of his diary. He eventually joins the army and at the end of the last book is expecting a baby with his fiancée, Finley-Rose.
 * William Mole, the son of his first wife JoJo, a Nigerian princess. She divorces Adrian and moves back home. Eventually William joins her, changing his forename to Wole to make it sound more African.
 * Grace Pauline "Gracie" Mole, the daughter of his second wife Daisy (née Flowers), a smart, successful PR career woman who resembles Nigella Lawson. Eventually she leaves him during his cancer episode for a thick aristocrat.

Final volumes
Production of sequels was interrupted by Townsend's declining health. At the time Adrian Mole – The Weapons of Mass Destruction was published in 2004, Townsend stated it would be the last Adrian Mole volume. However, in an interview on Leicester hospital station Radio Fox on 5 June 2008, Townsend said that she was in fact writing a new Mole book entitled The Prostrate Years, which was released in 2009. In October 2009 the Leicester Mercury featured an interview with Townsend where she discussed the new Mole book and her plans for future works.

In 2011, Townsend published a short Adrian Mole piece that tied into the wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton. A very brief piece in which Adrian gave advice to writers followed in 2012. These are the last Adrian Mole works published in Townsend's lifetime, and the last original Mole stories to date.

In a 2013 interview, Townsend discussed her intention to wrap up the series in two further volumes, but acknowledged her declining health might make this plan impossible.

Townsend died on 10 April 2014. Her British publisher said the writer had been working on a new Adrian Mole story at the time of her death. The book, which had the working title Pandora's Box, was due for publication later in 2014. A spokesman for Michael Joseph said: "We can confirm that Sue was in the middle of writing the book. Her editor had seen what she describes as 'a few wonderful pages'. It was supposed to be out this autumn and we are very sad that we won't be able to show it to the world."

List of books featuring Adrian Mole

 * The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾ (1982)
 * The Growing Pains of Adrian Mole (1984)
 * The True Confessions of Adrian Albert Mole (1989)
 * Adrian Mole: The Wilderness Years (1993)
 * Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years (1999)
 * Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction (2004)
 * The Lost Diaries of Adrian Mole, 1999–2001 (2008)
 * Adrian Mole: The Prostrate Years (2009)

Compilations
The first two books are repackaged in one volume. Adrian Mole: The Lost Years includes The True Confessions and The Wilderness Years, and the bonus story "Adrian Mole and the Small Amphibians". Adrian Mole From Minor to Major (i.e. from being a child to the years of the John Major government) collects the first three books and "Adrian Mole and the Small Amphibians".

Other media

 * The books had three television adaptations. The first, The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾, was made by Thames Television for the ITV network and broadcast between 16 September and 21 October 1985. The series featured a theme song "Profoundly in Love With Pandora" by Ian Dury and the Blockheads and starred Gian Sammarco as Adrian Mole with Julie Walters playing his mother and Lindsey Stagg as Pandora Braithwaite. The sequel, The Growing Pains of Adrian Mole was broadcast between 5 January and 9 February 1987 with Lulu replacing Julie Walters as Adrian's mother. Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years was broadcast on BBC One between 2 February and 9 March 2001, starring Stephen Mangan as Adrian Mole, Alison Steadman as Pauline Mole and Helen Baxendale as Pandora Braithwaite.
 * The character also featured in several radio series, such as Pirate Radio Four in 1985.
 * A stage adaptation was written by Sue Townsend in 1984 of the first book – The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾: The Play with music and lyrics by Ken Howard and Alan Blaikley. It starred Simon Schatzberger as Adrian Mole and Sheila Steafel as Pauline Mole. It was first performed at Phoenix Arts, Leicester and went to Wyndham's Theatre, London in December 1984.
 * The first two books were adapted into computer adventure games by Level 9 Computing in the 1980s.
 * A theatrical adaptation has been performed in many parts of the world, e.g. by the Roo Theatre in Australia
 * A less well-known chapter of Adrian's life was chronicled in a weekly column called Diary of a Provincial Man, which ran in The Guardian from December 1999 to November 2001. This material was published as The Lost Diaries of Adrian Mole, 1999-2001. Set contemporaneously, as all the diaries are, it fills in two of the gap years between Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years and Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction. Adrian spends this period living on a crime-ridden council estate with his sons, has an on-off romance with a woman named Pamela Pigg, and temporarily works in a lay-by trailer cafe. He befriends yet another pensioner who subsequently dies, and has a brief infatuation with his male therapist (which he insists is wholly spiritual, not homosexual). The series includes comment on the petrol crisis of 2000, the 9/11 attacks and the War on Terrorism. Adrian's illegitimate half-brother Brett Mole, born on 5 August 1982, is reintroduced as a 19-year-old; he is an athletic, popular, confident, promiscuous, super-intelligent Oxford undergraduate, already a published poet and TV documentarian – in short, the person Adrian always wanted to be. Brett's mediocre older sibling soon comes to regard him with envious loathing. In what was apparently supposed to be a retrospectively-written preface to the re-published Diaries, Mole notes their re-publication in novel-form and suggests that Townsend is impersonating him and profiting from his writings. He also claims that his life is still not as happy as he would like, but 'that is another story' – suggesting that there is another diary to come. This series of diaries is not normally considered as canonical.
 * To mark the royal wedding between Prince William and Catherine Middleton, Sue Townsend wrote an exclusive Adrian Mole story for the Observer in 2011.
 * An obscure chapter of Adrian's life appeared in the Christmas 1994 edition of the Radio Times. Titled "Mole Cooks his Goose" it covered a stay by Adrian and Jojo at his mother's house over Christmas. It has never been republished.
 * A new stage musical adaptation by Jake Brunger and Pippa Cleary opened at Leicester's Curve in March 2015. Townsend had been working with the writers on the project at the time of her death.

Cast
List indicator(s)

 * A dark grey cell indicates that the character was not in the film or that the character's presence in the film has yet to be announced.
 * A indicates the character reappears in New timeline.
 * A indicates a role as a younger version of the character.
 * An indicates a role as an older version of the character.
 * A indicates an uncredited role.
 * A indicates a cameo role.
 * A indicates a voice-only role.
 * A indicates a role appears from an archived footage or stills.

Parodies
Private Eye parodied the books with their The Secret Diary of John Major, age 47¾, in which Major was portrayed as naïve and childish, keeping lists of his enemies in a Rymans Notebook called his "Bastards Book", and featuring "my wife Norman" and "Mr Dr Mawhinney" as recurring characters. In addition, Adrian Plass's novel The Sacred Diary of Adrian Aged 37¾ and his autobiography The Growing Up Pains of Adrian Plass parody the titles of two of the Mole books.

title: Adrian Mole


text:
Talk:Canon

Aesthetic canon, artistic canon
Given that the article Aesthetic canon is really about artistic canons, I propose to move it to "Artistic canon" (the current title will remain as a redirect).

Full disclosure: until a few days ago, the article had other material not directly related to visual or plastic arts, but it consisted of uncited musings that forked the articles on physical attractiveness, makeup, fashion but without any specific focus on canonical frames of reference.

Please make any observations at talk:Aesthetic canon. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 20:27, 19 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I have initiated a wp:requested move process. As of today, the discussion is whether the name should be open ended ("Artistic canon") or well-defined ("Artistic canon of body proportion"), Please contribute at talk:Aesthetic canon. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 14:44, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Following discussion, I have revised the proposal to be "Artistic canons of body proportions". Please make any comments at the article talk page via link above. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 13:55, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

"Non-canonical" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Non-canonical. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 October 26 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. SWinxy (talk) 01:09, 26 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canon


text:
User talk:66.185.84.208

Proposed deletion of Gadget and the Gadgetinis

The article Gadget and the Gadgetinis has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * It does not seem clear to me how could a section without sources spawn a child article. I propose it be deleted because there isn't really much to merge here.

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Nomination of Old Man Murray for deletion
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Nomination of Old Man Murray for deletion
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Nomination of Chloe Jones for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Duck the Great Western Engine

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 * No evidence of real world notability.

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Nomination of Porthole TV for deletion
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Nomination of Duck the Great Western Engine for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Gordon the Big Engine

The article Gordon the Big Engine has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (fiction) requirement. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

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Nomination of Gordon the Big Engine for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Edward the Blue Engine

The article Edward the Blue Engine has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (fiction) requirement. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

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Nomination of Edward the Blue Engine for deletion
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Nomination of Shining Time Station: 'Tis a Gift for deletion
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title: User talk:66.185.84.208


text:
Tryon

Tryon may refer to:

 * Tryon (surname)

Places

 * Tryon Creek, tributary of the Willamette River in Oregon
 * Tryon Street, major north-south street of Charlotte, North Carolina
 * Tryon, Prince Edward Island, Canada, unincorporated area
 * Settled communities:
 * Tryon, North Carolina, town
 * Tryon, Oklahoma, town
 * Unincorporated communities:
 * Tryon, Nebraska
 * Tryon, Gaston County, North Carolina
 * Defunct counties:
 * Tryon County, New York
 * Tryon County, North Carolina

Other uses

 * USS Tryon (APH-1), US Navy medical evacuation transport named for James R. Tryon

title: Tryon


text:
Marilyn Hacker

Marilyn Hacker (born November 27, 1942) is an American poet, translator and critic. She is Professor of English emerita at the City College of New York.

Her books of poetry include Presentation Piece (1974), which won the National Book Award, Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons (1986), and Going Back to the River (1990). In 2003, Hacker won the Willis Barnstone Translation Prize. In 2009, she subsequently won the PEN Award for Poetry in Translation for King of a Hundred Horsemen by Marie Étienne, which also garnered the first Robert Fagles Translation Prize from the National Poetry Series. In 2010, she received the PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry. She was shortlisted for the 2013 PEN Award for Poetry in Translation for her translation of Tales of a Severed Head by Rachida Madani.

Early life and education
Hacker was born and raised in Bronx, New York, the only child of Jewish immigrant parents. Her father was a management consultant and her mother a teacher. Hacker attended the Bronx High School of Science, where she met her future husband Samuel R. Delany, who would become a well-known science-fiction writer. She enrolled at New York University at the age of fifteen (B.A., 1964). Three years later, Hacker and Delany traveled from New York to Detroit, Michigan and were married. In The Motion of Light in Water, Delany said they married in Detroit because of age-of-consent laws and because he was African-American and she was Caucasian: "there were only two states in the union where we could legally wed. The closest one was Michigan." They settled in New York's East Village. Their daughter, Iva Hacker-Delany, was born in 1974. Hacker and Delany, after being separated for many years, were divorced in 1980, but remain friends. Hacker identifies as lesbian, and Delany has identified as a gay man since adolescence.

In the '60s and '70s, Hacker worked mostly in commercial editing. She graduated with a bachelor of arts degree in Romance Languages in 1964.

Career
Hacker's first publication was in Cornell University's Epoch. After moving to London in 1970, she found an audience through the pages of The London Magazine and Ambit. She and her husband edited the magazine Quark: A Quarterly of Speculative Fiction (4 issues; 1970–71). Early recognition came for her when Richard Howard, then editor of the New American Review, accepted three of Hacker's poems for publication.

In 1974, when she was thirty-one, Presentation Piece was published by The Viking Press. The book was a Lamont Poetry Selection of the Academy of American Poets and won the annual National Book Award for Poetry. Winter Numbers, which details the loss of many of her friends to AIDS and her own struggle with breast cancer, garnered a Lambda Literary Award and The Nation ' s Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize. Her Selected Poems 1965-1990 received the 1996 Poets' Prize, and Squares and Courtyards won the 2001 Audre Lorde Award. She received an Award in Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2004.

Hacker often employs strict poetic forms in her poetry: for example, in Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons, which is a verse novel in sonnets. She is also recognized as a master of "French forms" such as the rondeau and villanelle.

In 1990 she became the first full-time editor of the Kenyon Review, a position she held until 1994. She was noted for "broaden[ing] the quarterly's scope to include more minority and marginalized viewpoints." In a 2005 essay discussing the theme of food and drink in Hacker's poetry, scholar Mary Biggs describes her work as frequently referring to three "interlinked, paradoxical themes: (1) love and sex; (2) travel, exile, diaspora-counterpoised with family, community, home; and (3) the eternal and, for her, eternally positive association of women with nurturance and with homemaking in the broadest sense."

Hacker served as a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets from 2008 to 2014.

Hacker lives in New York and Paris and has retired from teaching at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center.

Though not a character, a poem of Hacker's is reprinted in Heavenly Breakfast, Delany's memoir of a Greenwich Village commune in 1967; in Delany's autobiography, The Motion of Light in Water; and her prose and incidents about her appear in his journals, The Journals of Samuel R. Delany: In Search of Silence, Volume 1, 1957–1969, edited by Kenneth R. James (Wesleyan University Press, 2017).

Hacker was a judge for the 2012 Hippocrates Prize for Poetry and Medicine. In 2013, she was inducted into the New York Writers Hall of Fame. In 2014, she published a collaboration with a Palestinian-American poet, Deema Shehabi, written in the style of a Japanese renga, a form of alternating call and answer. The book, Diaspo/renga: a collaboration in alternating renga explores the emotional journey of living in exile.

In a review of the 2015 collection A Stranger's Mirror, Carol Muske-Dukes comments that Hacker has not received her "due as one of the most extraordinary innovative poets writing today." In a laudatory review of Hacker's 2019 collection Blazons, A. M. Juster states that "there is no poet writing in English with a better claim for the Nobel Prize in Literature than Marilyn Hacker."

Poetry

 * Presentation Piece (1974) ISBN 0-670-57399-X —winner of the National Book Award
 * Separations (1976) ISBN 0-394-40070-4
 * Taking Notice (1980) ISBN 0-394-51223-5
 * Assumptions 1985   ISBN 0-394-72826-2
 * Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons (1986) ISBN 978-0-393-31225-6
 * Going Back to the River (1990) ISBN 0-394-58271-3
 * The Hang-Glider's Daughter: New and Selected Poems (1991) ISBN 0-906500-36-2
 * Selected Poems: 1965 - 1990 (1994) ISBN 978-0-393-31349-9
 * Winter Numbers: Poems (1995) ISBN 978-0-393-31373-4
 * Squares and Courtyards (2000) ISBN 978-0-393-32095-4
 * Desesperanto: Poems 1999-2002 (2003) ISBN 978-0-393-32630-7
 * First Cities: Collected Early Poems 1960-1979 (2003) ISBN 978-0-393-32432-7
 * Essays on Departure: New and Selected Poems (2006) ISBN 1-903039-78-9
 * Names: Poems (2009) ISBN 978-0-393-33967-3
 * A Stranger's Mirror: New and Selected Poems 1994 - 2014 (2015) ISBN 978-0-393-24464-9
 * Blazons: New and Selected Poems, 2000 - 2018 (2019), Carcanet Press, ISBN 978-1-784-10715-4
 * Calligraphies: Poems (2023), W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9781324036463

Translations

 * de Dadelsen, Jean-Paul (2020). That Light, All at Once, Translator, Marilyn Hacker, Yale University Press.
 * Goffette, Guy (2007). Charlestown Blues: Selected Poems, A Bilingual Edition, Translator, Marilyn Hacker, The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226300740
 * Malroux, Claire (2005). Birds and Bison, Translator, Marilyn Hacker, Syracuse University Press. ISBN 1-931357-25-0
 * Malroux, Claire (2020). Daybreak (2020), Translator, Marilyn Hacker, New York Review Books. ISBN 9781681375021
 * Khoury-Ghata, Vénus (2003). She Says, Translator, Marilyn Hacker, Graywolf Press. ISBN 978-1-55597-383-4
 * Khoury-Ghata, Vénus (2022). The Water People, Translator, Marilyn Hacker, The Poetry Translation Centre, U.K.
 * Madani, Rachida (2012), Tales of a Severed Head. Trans. Marilyn Hacker. New Haven: Yale UP.
 * Negrouche, Samira (2020). The Olive Trees' Jazz and Other Poems. Translator Marilyn Hacker. Pleiades Press.
 * Negrouche, Samira (2020). The Olive Trees' Jazz and Other Poems. Translator Marilyn Hacker. Pleiades Press.

Anthologies

 * (edited with Samuel R. Delany) Quark/1 (1970, science fiction)
 * (edited with Samuel R. Delany) Quark/2 (1971, science fiction)
 * (edited with Samuel R. Delany) Quark/3 (1971, science fiction)
 * (edited with Samuel R. Delany) Quark/4 (1971, science fiction)

Literary criticism

 * Hacker, Marilyn. Unauthorized Voices (Poets on Poetry Series, University of Michigan Press, 2010)

title: Marilyn Hacker


text:
Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors

The Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. The organisation was granted Letters Patent in May 1977 and a Royal Charter 13 June 2013. The Company promotes surveying by awarding scholarships.

The Company ranks eighty-fifth in the order of precedence for Livery Companies. Its motto is Modus ab initio, which is Latin for "Method from the very beginning" and its church is St Lawrence Jewry The landscape painter Richard Howard Penton's drawings in Halls of the Livery Companies of the City of London were re-published in 1981 to mark their grant of livery status.

The Company does not have its own livery hall and meets and dines in a selection of the 35 different livery halls in London.


text:
Mohorovičić discontinuity

The Mohorovičić discontinuity  – usually called the Moho discontinuity, Moho boundary, or just Moho – is the boundary between the crust and the mantle of Earth. It is defined by the distinct change in velocity of seismic waves as they pass through changing densities of rock.

The Moho lies almost entirely within the lithosphere (the hard outer layer of the Earth, including the crust). Only beneath mid-ocean ridges does it define the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (the depth at which the mantle becomes significantly ductile). The Mohorovičić discontinuity is 5 to(-) below the ocean floor, and 20 to(-) beneath typical continental crusts, with an average of 35 km.

Named after the pioneering Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić, the Moho separates both the oceanic crust and continental crust from the underlying mantle. The Mohorovičić discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Mohorovičić, when he observed that seismograms from shallow-focus earthquakes had two sets of P-waves and S-waves, one set that followed a direct path near the Earth's surface and the other refracted by a high-velocity medium.

Nature and seismology
The Moho marks the transition in composition between the Earth's crust and the lithospheric mantle. Immediately above the Moho, the velocities of primary seismic waves (P-waves) are consistent with those through basalt (6.7–7.2 km/s), and below they are similar to those through peridotite or dunite (7.6–8.6 km/s). This increase of approximately 1 km/s corresponds to a distinct change in material as the waves pass through the Earth, and is commonly accepted as the lower limit of the Earth's crust. The Moho is characterized by a transition zone of up to 500 meters. Ancient Moho zones are exposed above-ground in numerous ophiolites around the world.

Beginning in the 1980s, geologists became aware that the Moho does not always coincide with the crust-mantle boundary defined by composition. Xenoliths (lower crust and upper mantle rock brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions) and seismic-reflection data showed that, away from continental cratons, the transition between crust and mantle is marked by basaltic intrusions and may be up to 20 km thick. The Moho may lie well below the crust-mantle boundary and care must be used in interpreting the structure of the crust from seismic data alone.

Serpentinization of mantle rock below slowly spreading mid-ocean ridges can also increase the depth to the Moho, since serpentinization lowers seismic wave velocities.

History
Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić is credited with discovering and defining the Moho. In 1909, he was examining data from a local earthquake in Zagreb when he observed two distinct sets of P-waves and S-waves propagating out from the focus of the earthquake. Mohorovičić knew that waves caused by earthquakes travel at velocities proportional to the density of the material carrying them. As a result of this information, he theorized that the second set of waves could only be caused by a sharp transition in density in the Earth's crust, which could account for such a dramatic change in wave velocity. Using velocity data from the earthquake, he was able to calculate the depth of the Moho to be approximately 54 km, which was supported by subsequent seismological studies.

The Moho has played a large role in the fields of geology and earth science for well over a century. By observing the Moho's refractive nature and how it affects the speed of P-waves, scientists were able to theorize about the earth's composition. These early studies gave rise to modern seismology.

In the early 1960s, Project Mohole was an attempt to drill to the Moho from deep-ocean regions. After initial success in establishing deep-ocean drilling, the project suffered from political and scientific opposition, mismanagement, and cost overruns, and it was cancelled in 1966.

Exploration
Reaching the discontinuity by drilling remains an important scientific objective. Soviet scientists at the Kola Superdeep Borehole pursued the goal from 1970 until 1992. They reached a depth of 12260 m, the world's deepest hole, before abandoning the project. One proposal considers a rock-melting radionuclide-powered capsule with a heavy tungsten needle that can propel itself down to the Moho discontinuity and explore Earth's interior near it and in the upper mantle. The Japanese project Chikyu Hakken ("Earth Discovery") also aims to explore in this general area with the drilling ship, Chikyū, built for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).

Plans called for the drill-ship JOIDES Resolution to sail from Colombo in Sri Lanka in late 2015 and to head for the Atlantis Bank, a promising location in the southwestern Indian Ocean on the Southwest Indian Ridge, to attempt to drill an initial bore hole to a depth of approximately 1.5 kilometres. The attempt did not even reach 1.3 km, but researchers hope to further their investigations at a later date.

title: Mohorovičić discontinuity


text:
Michael Shea (American author)

Michael Shea (July 3, 1946 – February 16, 2014) was an American fantasy, horror, and science fiction author. His novel Nifft the Lean won the World Fantasy Award, as did his novella Growlimb.

Life and work
Shea was born to Irish parents in Los Angeles in 1946. There he frequented Venice Beach and the Baldwin Hills for their wildlife. He attended UCLA and Berkeley and hitch-hiked twice across the US and Canada. At a hotel in Juneau, Alaska, Shea chanced on a battered book from the lobby shelves, The Eyes of the Overworld by Jack Vance (1966). Four years later, after a brief first marriage and one year hitch-hiking through France and Spain, he wrote a novel in homage to Vance, who graciously declined to share the advance offered by DAW Books. It was Shea's first publication, A Quest for Simbilis (1974), and an authorized sequel to Vance's two Dying Earth books then extant. ISFDB notes that it "became non-canonic" in 1983 when Vance "continued ... The Eyes ... in a different direction."

Subsequently, Shea ranged all over the L.A. Basin, painting houses and teaching English as a second language to adults by night. In 1978 he met his second wife, artist and author Lynn Cesar. They had two children: Adele and Jacob. Shea moved to the Bay Area where (prior to 1987) he held a variety of occupations, including instructor of languages, construction laborer, and night clerk in a Mission District flophouse.

In 1979 Shea published the story "The Angel of Death" (Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Aug 1979). This was followed in 1980 by "The Autopsy" (Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Dec 1980), a story nominated for both the Hugo Award and Nebula Award.

His next published work was the novella "Polyphemus" (Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Aug 1981). His story "The Frog" appeared in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (Apr 1982). Shea was quiet for a few years but re-emerged with his second book, a collection of four linked novellas called Nifft the Lean (1982). Nifft showed that Shea had developed the exotic style of Vance and Clark Ashton Smith, plus the ingenuity of Fritz Leiber's Gray Mouser stories, to produce an extravagant quest novel. It won the 1983 World Fantasy Award as year's best novel.

Shea followed up with The Color out of Time (1984), a work influenced by the Cthulhu Mythos, and In Yana, the Touch of Undying (1985), about a vain opportunist's search for immortality in a land of fable. Polyphemus (1987) is a collection of deft science fiction and horror stories published by Arkham House.

Shea continued the adventures of Nifft in The Mines of Behemoth (Baen, 1997), serialised one year earlier in the Algis Budrys magazine Tomorrow Speculative Fiction, and in a novel The A'rak (2000). The Nifft stories are "sword-and-sorcery" modeled on Jack Vance, notable for their imaginative depiction of the world of demons and their blend of horror, flowery diction, and occasionally crude humor.

Shea's work overlaps the science fiction and fantasy genres, e.g., thematic use of demons and aliens that act as endoparasites. Shea's interest in Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos continued throughout his career. Copping Squid and Other Mythos Tales (2010) is a collection of such tales.

Shea died unexpectedly on February 16, 2014.

Reception
In an overview of Shea's work, Chris Gilmore praised Shea's fiction, stating "Shea has a racy line in grue and writes with energy, imagination and precision", and expressed particular admiration for the stories in Polyphemus. However, Gilmore also took issue with Shea's use of gigantic monsters in books such as A Quest for Simbilis and Nifft the Lean, arguing that the use of such creatures vitiated Shea's ability to describe scenes in detail. Gilmore also criticised Shea's story "The Pearls of the Vampire Queen" as being excessively violent, arguing that its protagonists kill one person and seriously injure another when the story did not require them to perform such actions.

Reviewing The Incomplete Nifft, Elizabeth Hand declared that "not even Bosch could capture the sheer, obsessive teemingness of Shea's world. . . . In their picaresque and unrelenting strangeness, Shea's tales evoke Jack Vance and Lord Dunsany, Clark Ashton Smith's Zothique tales, as well as The Worm Ouroboros; but what his work most reminds me of is David Lindsay's A Voyage to Arcturus, a book which had always struck me as being sui generis. Having read and delighted in The Incompleat Nifft, I must create a new category for this beautiful, terrifying work, part sword-and-sorcery, part season in hell. Call it Shea generis."

On his list of "The 13 Most Terrifying Horror Stories", T. E. D. Klein placed Shea's story "The Autopsy" at number eleven.

Adaptions
On 26th October 2022, a dramatization of “The Autopsy” streamed on Netflix as the third episode of “Guillermo do Toro’s Cabinet of Curiosities.”

Dying Earth
Shea's first publication was an authorized contribution to the Dying Earth series by Jack Vance
 * A Quest for Simbilis (1974, OCLC 2128177)

Nifft

 * Nifft the Lean (DAW, 1982, ISBN 0-87997-783-3)
 * The Mines of Behemoth (Baen, 1997, ISBN 0-671-87847-6)
 * The A'rak (Baen, 2000, ISBN 0-671-31947-7)

Several months before publishing the third book, Baen Books re-issued the first two in one volume, The Incompleat Nifft (Baen, 2000, ISBN 0-671-57869-3). The three Baen titles used matching cover art by Gary Ruddell with differences in jacket design.

In 1994 Darkside Press published a limited edition of Nifft the Lean with a very long subtitle in "440 signed, numbered copies, bound in 'demon-skin'" (ISBN 0-940841-39-8).

Other novels

 * The Color Out of Time (1984)
 * In Yana, the Touch of Undying (1985)
 * I, Said the Fly (Silver Salamander Press, 1993) —limited edition of 300 copies
 * The Extra (2010) — based on Shea's short story of the same title, intended as the first of a trilogy
 * Assault on Sunrise (2013)
 * Mr. Cannyharme (2021)

Collections

 * Polyphemus (1987)
 * The Autopsy and Other Tales (Centipede Press, 2008) —including the complete Lovecraftian novel The Color Out of Time
 * Copping Squid and Other Mythos Tales (Perilous Press, 2010), series editor S. T. Joshi
 * Demiurge: The Complete Cthulhu Mythos Tales of Michael Shea (Dark Regions Press, 2017), editor S. T. Joshi
 * The Autopsy: Best Weird Stories of Michael Shea (Hippocampus Press, 2022), editors Linda Shea and S. T. Joshi

Chapterbooks

 * Fat Face (1987)

Short fiction

 * "The Angel of Death" (1979)
 * "The Autopsy" (1980), adapted for Guillermo del Toro's Cabinet of Curiosities (2022)
 * "Polyphemus" (1981)
 * "Nemo Me Impune Lacessit" (1982)
 * "That Frog" (1982)
 * "The Horror on the #33" (1982)
 * "The Fishing of the Demon-Sea" (1982)
 * "Come Then, Mortal, We Will Seek Her Soul" (1982)
 * "The Goddess in Glass" (1982)
 * "The Pearls of the Vampire Queen" (1982)
 * "Shag Margold's Eulogy of Nifft the Lean, His Dear Friend" (1982)
 * "Grunt-12 Test Drive" (1983)
 * "Creative Coverage, Inc." (1983)
 * "Uncle Tuggs" (1986)
 * "Fill It With Regular" (1986)
 * "The Extra" (1987)
 * "Fat Face" (1987)
 * "Delivery" (1987)
 * "I, Said the Fly" (1989)
 * "Salome" (1994)
 * "Tollbooth" (1995)
 * "Johnny Crack" (1995)
 * "Fast Food" (1995)
 * "Piece A' Chain" (1996)
 * "Water of Life" (1999)
 * "For Every Tatter in Its Mortal Dress" (2000)
 * "The Rebuke" (2002)
 * "The Growlimb" (2004) —World Fantasy Award, Best Novella
 * "The Pool" (2007)
 * "Tsathoggua" (2008)
 * "The Battery"
 * "The Presentation"
 * "Copping Squid"
 * "Dagoniad"

Reviews

 * "Reprisal by Mitchell Smith" (2005)

Awards
Shea has won major "year's best" awards, both conferred by the World Fantasy Convention and selected by open nominations and panel of judges.
 * 1983 World Fantasy Award, Novel (Nifft the Lean)
 * 2005 World Fantasy Award, Novella (The Growlimb)

His works have also been highly ranked, or one of a few finalists or nominees, for several other major awards.
 * 1975 August Derleth Award (best novel), British Fantasy Society (A Quest for Simbilis)
 * 1980 Nebula Award, Novelette (The Angel of Death)
 * 1981 Hugo Award, Novelette (The Autopsy)
 * 1981 Locus Award, Novella, fourth place (The Autopsy)
 * 1981 Nebula Award, Novella (The Autopsy)
 * 1988 World Fantasy Award, Collection (Polyphemus)
 * 2005 International Horror Guild Award, Mid-Length Fiction (The Growlimb)

title: Michael Shea (American author)


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User talk:Ee00224

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

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India quick links
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Proposed deletion of Google (verb)

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title: User talk:Ee00224


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Worshipful Company of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

The Worshipful Company of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales is one of the livery companies of the City of London. They were one of the earliest of the modern livery companies promoted by the Court of Aldermen from the 1970s, receiving a Grant of Letters Patent (i.e. converting from an unincorporated Guild to a livery company) in 1977 and receiving a Royal Charter in 2012. The Company is complementary to, and supported by, the Institute of Chartered Accountants. It promotes "honourable practice" of accounting and awards prizes to students in the field. It also supports general charities. The company ranks eighty-sixth in the order of precedence for livery companies. Its motto is True and Fair.

Founding
Formal letters patent for the creation of the livery company were presented on 25 July 1977 by the lord mayor of London. Its first master was James M. Keith, member of the city's Court of Common Council and chief commoner for 1976–1977.

It was one of several companies formed in the 1970s, when concerns were raised that existing livery companies had few connections to the modern financial services industry in London.

Charitable activities
The charitable arm of the Company made over 40 grants to deserving causes in 2022-23. These include:

 * Mansion House scholarships, funding mostly overseas students to study a UK Master's Degree in a Financial or related subject.
 * City Harvest London, helping fund the Livery Food Initiative truck which redistributes potentially waste food to vulnerable Londoners.
 * The Youth Ventures Programme by the Queen's Commonwealth Trust, which supports young leaders and their social impact organisations.
 * The GASP Motor Project, which provides motor mechanic training to disadvantaged young people in Surrey.
 * The Financial Smarties Programme by The Community Hub in Hackney, which gives financial literacy training to young women.

In 1992, the Worshipful Company of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales launched "Chartered Accountants in the Community", a programme which placed senior accountants onto the management committees of charities. The scheme aimed to place 20 to 30 attachments a year, with a focus on providing advice and professional expertise to charities, rather than day-to-day bookkeeping. The livery company had previously focused on making donations to support overseas training and rewarding student achievement.

As of December 1992, the company had 100 members. At the time, former master Richard Wilkes told the Financial Times, "We do not have a large endowment. Instead of money, we've got talent."

Dinners
In July 2021, The Telegraph reported that up to a dozen business leaders were boycotting a dinner banquet at Mansion House hosted by the Worshipful Company of Chartered Accountants, because guests were being required to wear face masks and use NHS Test and Trace QR codes to enter the event.

Financial Services Group of Livery Companies
The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of Livery Companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Actuaries, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Insurers, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.


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Semi-automatic

Semi-automatic - Noun: "Partially automatic and partially manual in operation (i.e., operated both automatically and manually, by hand); not fully-automatic." This may refer to:
 * A semi-automatic firearm, a firearm which automatically loads the next round, but will only fire one round per trigger pull
 * Semi-automatic rifle
 * Semi-automatic pistol
 * Semi-automatic shotgun
 * Semiautomatic switching system, a term used in telecommunication
 * Semi-automatic transmission: a manual transmission with an automated clutch (i.e., no physical clutch pedal), but the driver is still required to shift gears manually. Also called: clutchless manual transmission or automated manual transmission.
 * "Semi-Automatic", a song from Twenty One Pilots' 2013 album Vessel

title: Semi-automatic


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Lord Chief Justice of Ireland

The Court of King's Bench (or Court of Queen's Bench during the reign of a Queen) was one of the senior courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror of the Court of King's Bench in England. The Lord Chief Justice was the most senior judge in the court, and the second most senior Irish judge under English rule and later when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom. Additionally, for a brief period between 1922 and 1924, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland was the most senior judge in the Irish Free State.

History of the position
The office was created during the Lordship of Ireland (1171–1536) and continued in existence under the Kingdom of Ireland (1536–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Prior to the Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland) 1877, the Lord Chief Justice presided over the Court of King's/Queen's Bench, and as such ranked foremost amongst the judges sitting at common law. After 1877, the Lord Chief Justice assumed the presidency of the Queen's Bench Division of the new High Court of Justice, which sat permanently in the Four Courts in Dublin.

Thomas Lefroy, later Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (LCJ 1852–1866), was used by Jane Austen as the model for her Pride and Prejudice character Mr. Darcy. Lefroy and Austen had had a romance in their youths. Other prominent Lord Chief Justices of Ireland include Lord Whiteside (LCJ 1866–1876), who as a Queen's Counsel had defended Irish nationalist leader Daniel O'Connell in court, Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond, Hugh de Lacy, Risteárd de Tiúit, John Doherty, Thomas Marlay, James Ley, Peter O'Brien, and James Henry Mussen Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy (LCJ 1916–1918, later Chairman of Seanad Éireann and grandfather of the satirist Patrick Campbell). One Lord Chief Justice, Lord Kilwarden, was killed by a crowd during Robert Emmet's 1803 rebellion.

Abolition of the position
The abolition of the position of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland was originally envisaged in a draft of the Government of Ireland Bill 1920. The Bill originally proposed that the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland would become the Lord Chief Justice of Southern Ireland. However, the then incumbent, The Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas Molony, 1st Bt., vigorously lobbied for the right to continue to hold the title even after the Bill was passed. Ultimately, his arguments were at least in part accepted: The Act, in its transitional provisions, provided that while he would in effect be the first Lord Chief Justice of Southern Ireland, his title remained that of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, although this was a transitional provision and was not a right to be enjoyed by his successors.

Subsequently, the highest-ranking judicial posting in Ireland, that of Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was abolished in December 1922. This left the office of the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as the most senior judge in the Irish Free State but not for very long. The Constitution of the Irish Free State adopted in December 1922 clearly envisaged the early establishment of new courts for the nascent state and the abolition of the position of the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. However, this only took place when the Courts of Justice Act 1924 was finally adopted. Under that Act, the position of the Chief Justice of the Irish Free State superseded the position of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as the highest judicial office in the Irish Free State.

In what became Northern Ireland, the position was superseded by the position of Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.

title: Lord Chief Justice of Ireland


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Zeuxis (painter)

Zeuxis (Ζεῦξις) (of Heraclea) was a late 5th-century- early 4th-century BCE Greek artist famed for his ability to create images that appeared highly realistic. None of his works survive, but anecdotes about Zeuxis' art and life have been referenced often in the history and literature of art and in art theory.

Much of the information about Zeuxis comes from Pliny the Elder's Natural History, but his work is also discussed by Xenophon and Aristotle. One of the most famous stories about Zeuxis centers on an artistic competition with the artist Parrhasius to prove which artist could create a greater illusion of nature. Zeuxis, Timanthes and Parrhasius were painters who belonged to the Ionian School of painting. The Ionian School flourished during the 4th-century BCE.

Life and work

Zeuxis was born in Heraclea in 464 BCE, probably Heraclea Lucania, in the present-day region of Basilicata in the southeastern "boot" of Italy. He may have studied with Demophilus of Himera (Sicily), or with Neseus of Thasos (an island in the northern Aegean Sea), and/or with the Greek painter Appollodorus.

He was active across the ancient Greek world from Magna Graecia to Ephesus, to Macedonia, Samos and to Athens where his greatest number of works were made. The “Eros” of the temple of Aphrodite and the “Penelope” were some of his first works. Records cite his notable works as Helen, Zeus Enthroned and The Infant Hercules Strangling the Serpents. He also painted an assembly of gods, Eros crowned with roses, Alcmene, Menelaus, an athlete, Pan, Marsyas chained, and an old woman. King Archelaus I of Macedon employed Zeuxis to decorate the palace of his new capital Pella with a picture of Pan. Most of his works went to Rome and to Byzantium, but disappeared during the time of Pausanias.

Zeuxis was an innovative Greek painter. Although his paintings have not survived, historical records state they were known for their realism, small scale, novel subject matter, and independent format. His technique created volumetric illusion through manipulating light and shadow, a change from the usual method of filling in shapes with flat color. Preferring small scale panels to murals, Zeuxis also introduced genre subjects (such as still life) into painting. He contributed to the composite method of composition, and may have originated an approach to, and thus influenced the concept of the ideal form of the nude, as described by art historian Kenneth Clark. As the story goes, according to Cicero, Zeuxis could not find a woman beautiful enough to pose as Helen of Troy, the most beautiful woman in the world, so he selected the finest features of five different models of the city of Croton to create a composite image of ideal beauty.

Painting contest
According to the Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder, Zeuxis and his contemporary Parrhasius (of Ephesus and later Athens) staged a contest to determine the greater artist. When Zeuxis unveiled his painting of grapes, they appeared so real that birds flew down to peck at them. But when Parrhasius, whose painting was concealed behind a curtain, asked Zeuxis to pull aside that curtain, the curtain itself turned out to be a painted illusion. Parrhasius won, and Zeuxis said, "I have deceived the birds, but Parrhasius has deceived Zeuxis." This story was commonly referred to in 18th and 19th century art theory to promote spatial illusion in painting. A similar anecdote says that Zeuxis once drew a boy holding grapes, and when birds, once again, tried to peck them, he was extremely displeased, stating that he must have painted the boy with less skill, since the birds would have feared to approach otherwise.

Death

According to the Roman grammarian Festus, Zeuxis died laughing at a picture of an old woman he had just painted.

The legend is mentioned in Karel van Mander's Schilder-boeck (1604) and is known by later artists who alluded to the story in their self portraits, such as Rembrandt's Self-Portrait as Zeuxis Laughing (c. 1662), Aert de Gelder's Self-Portrait as Zeuxis (1685), and possibly Jean-Étienne Liotard's Self-Portrait Laughing (c. 1770).

Literary References
Zeuxis is briefly mentioned in the preface of Don Quixote by Cervantes:

Of all this there will be nothing in my book, for I have nothing to quote in the margin or to note at the end, and still less do I know what authors I follow in it, to place them at the beginning, as all do, under the letters A, B, C, beginning with Aristotle and ending with Xenophon, or Zoilus, or Zeuxis, though one was a slanderer and the other a painter.

and is mentioned by Mark Twain in The Innocents Abroad:

As we turned and moved again through the temple, I wished that the illustrious men who had sat in it in the remote ages could visit it again and reveal themselves to our curious eyes—Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes, Socrates, Phocion, Pythagoras, Euclid, Pindar, Xenophon, Herodotus, Praxiteles and Phidias, Zeuxis the painter.

title: Zeuxis (painter)


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Worshipful Company of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators

The Worshipful Company of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators is one of the livery companies of the City of London. The organisation became a livery company in 1977 and received a Royal Charter 12 February 2008. The company promotes the profession by awarding grants to students aspiring to become chartered secretaries.

The company ranks eighty-seventh in the order of precedence for livery companies. Its motto is Service With Integrity.

The company is a member of the Financial Services Group of livery companies, the other 11 members of which are the Worshipful Companies of Chartered Accountants, Actuaries, Arbitrators, International Bankers, Insurers, Information Technologists, City of London Solicitors, Management Consultants, Marketors, Tax Advisers, and World Traders.


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Identity

Identity may refer to:

 * Identity document
 * Identity (philosophy)
 * Identity (social science)
 * Identity (mathematics)

Film and television

 * Identity (1987 film), an Iranian film
 * Identity (2003 film), an American slasher film
 * Identity (game show), an American game show
 * Identity (TV series), a British police procedural drama television series
 * "Identity" (Arrow), a 2013 episode
 * "Identity" (Burn Notice), a 2007 episode
 * "Identity" (Charlie Jade), a 2005 episode
 * "Identity" (Legend of the Seeker), a 2008 episode
 * "Identity" (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode), 2005
 * "Identity" (NCIS: Los Angeles), a 2009 pilot episode

Albums

 * Identity (3T album), 2004
 * Identity (BoA album), 2010
 * Identity (Far East Movement album), 2016
 * Identity (Robert Pierre album), 2008
 * Identity (Raghav album), 2008
 * Identity (Victon EP), 2017
 * Identity (Zee album), 1984

Songs

 * "Identity" (Sakanaction song), 2010
 * "Identity" (X-Ray Spex song), 1978
 * "Identity", a 1983 song by Bucks Fizz, B-side to "London Town"
 * "Identity", a 2022 song by Bush, from the album The Art of Survival

Other uses in music

 * Identity (music), in post-tonal music theory
 * Identity (tuning), an odd member below and including a limit

Publications

 * Identity, a defunct quarterly Australian magazine published by the Aboriginal Publications Foundation (1971–1982)
 * Identity (novel), by Milan Kundera, 1998

Business

 * Accounting identity, calculation that must be true regardless of its variables
 * Brand identity, the expression of a brand
 * Corporate identity, the manner a corporation presents itself to the public

Philosophy and social science

 * Identity (philosophy), the relation each thing bears only to itself
 * Law of identity, that each thing is identical with itself
 * Personal identity, the numerical identity of a person over time
 * Identity (social science), qualities etc that characterize a person or group
 * Political identity

Science

 * Digital identity, information used by computer systems to represent an external agent
 * Identity (object-oriented programming), the property of objects that distinguishes them from other objects
 * Identity (mathematics), an equality that holds regardless of the values of its variables
 * Identity element, an element of the set which leaves unchanged every element when the operation is applied
 * Identity function, a function that leaves its argument unchanged
 * Identity matrix, with ones on the main diagonal, zeros elsewhere

Other uses

 * Identity document, or ID

title: Identity


text:
List of most popular given names

The most popular given names vary nationally, regionally, and culturally. Lists of widely used given names can consist of those most often bestowed upon infants born within the last year, thus reflecting the current naming trends, or else be composed of the personal names occurring most often within the total population.

Popularity by region
The names listed in the following tables, unless otherwise noted, represent the most current top 10 breakdowns of what newborn children are commonly being named in the various regions of the world.

Government statistics
Australia
 * Queensland list
 * Australian Capital Territory list
 * Northern Territory list
 * South Australian list under Births Deaths & Marriages.
 * Victorian list
 * Western Australia

Canada
 * Alberta
 * British Columbia
 * Ontario: female names, male names

United States
 * Link to Social Security Administration which has stats on US baby names

France
 * Fichier des prénoms

Ireland
 * male names, female names

United Kingdom
 * Scotland
 * England and Wales

title: List of most popular given names