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Brendan Canty

Brendan John Canty (born March 9, 1966) is an American musician, composer, producer and filmmaker, best known as the drummer for the band Fugazi.

In 2007, Stylus Magazine ranked Canty at No. 29 on the list of "50 Greatest Rock Drummers".

Early years, Rites of Spring
Brendan Canty was born in Teaneck, New Jersey, and grew up in the Cleveland Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C., where his family moved when he was 10 months old. He began playing drums at the age of 15, debuting in Dischord Records band Deadline, one of the signature bands of the early D.C. hardcore scene in the summer of 1981. They recorded a demo at Inner Ear Studios that Fall, and from those sessions three tracks were used on the Dischord "Flex Your Head" compilation. After playing a number of shows through the following year, Deadline recorded one more session at Inner Ear in August 1982, just prior to disbanding. Canty continued his musical career in 1985 with Dischord band Rites of Spring, after which he played in One Last Wish and Happy Go Licky.

Fugazi
Canty was a near-original member of Fugazi as their drummer, replacing original drummer Colin Sears. Canty joined the band in 1987. He recorded and toured with the group until their "indefinite hiatus" in 2003.

Many of Fugazi's songs since Repeater are based on guitar riffs introduced at rehearsals by Canty. An adept multi-instrumentalist, Canty also writes songs on piano (he plays a skeletal version of "Bed for the Scraping" on the Instrument DVD), as well as bass lines for some songs. He is also noted for using a large farmers bell as part of his drum kit.

Soundtrack work, film scoring, directing and side projects
In 1989, Canty formed the band Girls Against Boys alongside Eli Janney. It was initially a side project for Canty, although he ultimately only appeared on one release by the band (1990's Nineties vs. Eighties) as he turned his focus to Fugazi in 1990.

Canty frequently composes soundtrack music, primarily for documentaries, often with National Geographic and Discovery Channel. He also contributes to or helps produce other Washington D.C.-area recordings. During Fugazi's post-2002 hiatus, Canty took part in a side project, Garland of Hours, with vocalist/cellist/keyboardist Amy Domingues and drummer/percussionist Jerry Busher, both of whom have contributed to Fugazi recordings and performances. Their first self-titled album was released on the Arrest Records label founded by Busher and Canty's younger brother James, formerly of Nation of Ulysses. He presently has a band with Joe Lally of Fugazi called The Messthetics, and tours with Wayne Kramer in his revival of the MC5 called MC50.

Canty's score for the Sundance Channel documentary series The Hill premiered on August 23, 2006. Canty was the sole composer on Hard Time, for National Geographic for all four seasons from 2009 to 2012. Also, the composer on two of ESPN's 30 for 30's: Angry Sky, and Birth of Big Air. He scored the film Frank Serpico. He continues to score for film, television, and commercials.

In 2004, Canty and director Christoph Green co-founded the film Production company Trixie to release an ongoing series of music-related films entitled Burn to Shine. The series involves independent alternative music bands from a particular region showing up to perform one song live, without overdubs or corrections, in a house that is about to be demolished. The first volume was filmed in Canty's home region of Washington, D.C., and features performances from Bob Mould, Weird War, Q and Not U, Ted Leo, French Toast, Medications, fellow Fugazi member Ian MacKaye's side project The Evens, and Garland of Hours. A second volume, filmed in the Chicago area, was released in 2005, and a third filmed in Portland, Oregon came out August 20, 2006.

In late 2004 and early 2005, Canty contributed drum tracks to Bob Mould's 2005 solo album, Body of Song. Canty was also the drummer for many dates on the winter 2005/2006 tour in support of the album. Canty returned as the drummer for Bob Mould's District Line, released February 2008. Using the same crew and filming style as on the Burn to Shine series, Canty and Green made a concert film of a Bob Mould show, entitled "Circle of Friends." Canty produced the film and played drums during the show, which took place at Washington D.C.'s 9:30 Club. In 2006, Canty and Green also madeSunken Treasure: Live in the Pacific Northwest, a 2006 Jeff Tweedy (Wilco) tour film, and the Wilco tour film Ashes of American Flags, which was released in 2009 and toured festivals extensively, eventually being broadcast on the Sundance Channel in the US, and being released on DVD and iTunes.

He produced Ted Leo and the Pharmacists's Living With the Living and The Tyranny of Distance albums. He also produced Benjy Ferree, The Thermals's The Body, The Blood, The Machine, and French Toast records, as well as mixing the self-titled debut album for The Aquarium. In 2011, he directed long-time friend Eddie Vedder's new solo performance DVD release, Water on the Road, and took the drums for Vedder's cover of "All Along the Watchtower".

Influence
In 2007, Stylus Magazine ranked Canty at No. 29 on their list of the "50 Greatest Rock Drummers" based on his drumming work with Fugazi. Canty has been cited as an influence by such drummers as Sara Lund of Unwound and multi-instrumentalist Joe Wong.

Personal life
His siblings include James Canty and writer Kevin Canty. He lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife and four children.

title: Brendan Canty


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Papyrology

Papyrology is the study of manuscripts of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., preserved on portable media from antiquity, the most common form of which is papyrus, the principal writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient documents in a variety of languages as well as the care and conservation of rare papyrus originals.

Papyrology as a systematic discipline dates from the 1880s and 1890s, when large caches of well-preserved papyri were discovered by archaeologists in several locations in Egypt, such as Arsinoe (Faiyum) and Oxyrhynchus. Leading centres of papyrology include Oxford University, Heidelberg University, the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussamlung at the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Columbia University, the University of Michigan, Leiden University, the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, University of California, Berkeley and the Istituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli" connected to the University of Florence.

Founders of papyrology were the Viennese orientalist Joseph von Karabacek (Arabic papyrology), Wilhelm Schubart (Greek papyrology), the Austrian antiquarian Theodor Graf who acquired more than 100,000 Greek, Arabic, Coptic and Persian papyri in Egypt, which were bought by the Austrian Archduke Rainer to form the Rainer collection, G. F. Tsereteli, who published papyri of Russian and Georgian collections, Frederic George Kenyon, Otto Rubensohn, Ulrich Wilcken, Bernard Pyne Grenfell, Arthur Surridge Hunt and other distinguished scientists.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Papyrology


text:
Shudder to Think

Shudder to Think was an American alternative rock band. Formed in 1986, they released three albums on the Washington, D.C.-based label Dischord Records, and two on Epic Records. Their early work was largely influenced by post-hardcore although they gradually drew upon a wide range of stylistic influences, including power pop and glam rock.

History
In 1984, bassist Stuart Hill formed the hardcore punk band Stüge, recruiting drummer Mike Russell, alongside guitarist Sam Fleming and vocalist Bobby Jones. By 1986, Fleming and Jones left for college, with Hill inviting guitarist Chris Matthews, who had been playing in new wave group 3-2-1, to join the band. Matthews in turn suggested vocalist Craig Wedren, a high school acquaintance, after seeing him perform at a school play and being impressed by his singing. Shortly after, the band changed its name to Shudder to Think, after Russell said that he “shuddered to think that we would be just another hardcore band” during a drive to practice. It was this lineup and name change that drove the band to abandon its previous hardcore influenced sound to something more akin to post-hardcore.

In this incarnation, the band released one song on the Fetal Records compilation F-R-5 in 1987 ("Too little, too late"), two singles and one album (Curse, Spells, Voodoo, Mooses, 1989) before being signed by the Dischord label. Three albums were then released (Ten-Spot, 1990, Funeral at the Movies, 1991, and Get Your Goat, 1992), before the band gained greater exposure by touring with Fugazi and Smashing Pumpkins; with their May 7, 1992 show in Albig, Germany being released by Tobby Holzinger as Your Choice Live Series Vol.21.

Swiz ex-bassist Nathan Larson and ex-Jawbox drummer Adam Wade replaced Matthews and Russell in 1992 on guitar and drums respectively. Matthews and Russell last performed live with the band on January 1, 1992 and June 28, 1992 respectively, as announced by Wedren to the crowd during those concerts.

The band subsequently signed to Epic, with whom Pony Express Record was released in September 1994. The album's angular, mathematical post-hardcore earned it a devoted cult following - especially after the video for the track "X-French Tee Shirt" became a buzz clip on MTV and was regularly aired on the channel, as well as an article in Rolling Stone. The track also peaked at #36 on the Radio and Records Alternative chart. The album had sold 30,000 copies in the United States by the end of October 1994, and by February 1997 had sold 60,000 copies.

Over the next few years, Wedren successfully battled Hodgkin's Disease, Larson recorded an album with side project band Mind Science of the Mind, and Wade left the group. He was replaced by Kevin March, formerly drummer with Dambuilders.

They released another album, 50,000 B.C. in 1997, touring in support of it with March on drums, and touring member Chuck Scott on keyboards and percussion. The album was released to mixed reviews and was a commercial flop. It was after this that the band pivoted to writing soundtracks for films, composing the soundtracks to First Love, Last Rites, High Art, and providing two songs for the film Velvet Goldmine in 1998.

However, 1998 marked Larson's departure and the end of the group. Wedren has pursued a solo career, including an appearance on the Down to You soundtrack with "Didn't Mean to Do You Harm", and contributed backing vocals to Verve Pipe's 1999 eponymous album.

Both Larson and Wedren have gone on to create highly regarded music for films. David Wain, founder of comedy troupe The State, was a high-school friend of Wedren's, and Wedren's music has appeared in many television series and films stemming from the troupe and its alumni, such as Reno 911! and Wet Hot American Summer. Wedren also makes solo music, and released his debut album, Lapland, in 2005. Larson has formed a new band called Hot One.

Reunions
Wedren, Larson, and March performed a brief set together on September 17, 2007, at The Mercury Lounge in New York City, which also featured guitarist Mark Watrous and Time of Orchids bassist Jesse Krakow playing in the lineup. The band continued to perform shows with Watrous and Krakow throughout 2008, with March playing the eastern dates and Wade on the western dates and New Orleans. The band released a live album entitled Live from Home in 2009. Without Larson, the band played what was billed as a "final" show on September 2, 2009, at the Bowery Ballroom in New York City. This show also featured founding guitarist Chris Matthews, who played during the show's encore.

Shudder to Think reunited again in 2013 for the 20th anniversary of the Black Cat venue. In addition to a full set by the Pony Express Record lineup of Wedren, Larson, Wade and Hill, founding members Chris Matthews and Mike Russell performed on the encore.

Legacy
Shudder to Think has been listed as an influence by other bands - Incubus went as far as covering part of "X-French Tee Shirt" in their song "Nowhere Fast" during Lollapalooza in 2003. Jeff Buckley also listed Shudder to Think as a favorite band of his. In 1998 Pearl Jam invited Shudder to Think to open for them on a tour of Australia and even played a snippet of the Shudder song "Pebbles" during their set. Deftones have cited Shudder to Think as an influence and have even covered bits of "X-French Tee Shirt" and "So Into You" at live shows. Cursive mentions the band in their song "Sink to the Beat" off their EP, Burst and Bloom. Sunny Day Real Estate and Braid have also cited the band as an influence.

OK Go frontman Damian Kulash has also expressed admiration for the band, stating: "Shudder To Think — I worshipped them. There was one year I saw them twelve times. I was that fucking annoying mega-fan who would walk up to them after shows and ask all sorts of questions, and they were just nice, normal dudes."

Musical style
The band, which has been classified as post-hardcore, embraced "pop influences and a skewed sense of songwriting" while coming from a hardcore punk background "courtesy of their affiliation" with Dischord. Reviewer Charles Spano characterized some of the band's work as the result of the group skewing "their pop brilliance with Ric Ocasek grooves, a [David] Bowie and [...] Roxy Music glam bent [...], and the theatrics of Queen."

In the 2018 book Long Live Queen, when DJ/VJ Matt Pinfield was asked if Queen was an influence on 1990s alt-rock, he replied:"'Look at a band like Shudder to Think and a song like 'X-French Tee Shirt,' which was such a great song, because [the middle part] was one note, and he was singing two octaves over that.'"

In an interview from 1995, James Iha of The Smashing Pumpkins praised the band's originality, saying: "'Shudder to Think, I think, is a wholly original, amazing rock band. They're a rock band but they're totally different than what you've heard before in the guitar playing, the drumming, the bass, singing, it's all amazing. If you listen to a Shudder to Think record, you might be able to point to a few references but there's no way you could tag that band. And they're good, they write good songs. They're totally original.'"

Band members

 * Craig Wedren - lead vocals (1986–1998, 2007–2009, 2013) ; guitar (1991–1998, 2007–2009, 2013) ; keyboards (1996–1998)
 * Chris Matthews - guitar (1986–1992, 2009, 2013)
 * Nathan Larson - guitar (1992–1998, 2007–2008, 2013) ; keyboards (1996–1998)
 * Mark Watrous - guitar (2007–2009)
 * Stuart Hill - bass (1986–1998, 2013)
 * Jesse Krakow - bass (2007–2009)
 * Mike Russell - drums (1986–1992, 2013)
 * Adam Wade - drums (1992–1996, 2008, 2013)
 * Kevin March - drums (1996–1998, 2007–2009)

Albums

 * Curses, Spells, Voodoo, Mooses (1988, Sammich Records)
 * Ten Spot (1990, Dischord Records)
 * Funeral at the Movies (1991, Dischord Records)
 * Get Your Goat (1992, Dischord Records)
 * Pony Express Record (1994, Epic)
 * 50,000 B.C. (1997, Epic)

Live albums

 * Your Choice Live Series (1992, Your Choice Records)
 * Live from Home (2009, Team Love)

Demo EP

 * Shudder To Think (1994, Epic ESK5691)

Singles

 * It Was Arson (1988, Sammich)
 * Medusa Seven (1989, Hoss)
 * Catch of the Day (1990, Trout, split w/ Unrest)
 * Hit Liquor / No Room 9, Kentucky 7" (1992, Dischord)
 * Hit Liquor (1994, Epic)
 * X - French T-Shirt / Shake Your Halo Down 7" (1994, Sub Pop)
 * S/T (Live) (1994, Epic)
 * So Into You (1995, Epic)
 * Red House (1997, Epic)

Soundtracks

 * First Love, Last Rites soundtrack (et al.) 1998
 * High Art soundtrack (et al.) 1999
 * Velvet Goldmine soundtrack 1998

Compilations

 * F-R-5 (A compilation album)* - 1987 Fetal Records #005
 * State of the Union: D.C. Benefit Compilation* - 1989 Dischord Records
 * Funeral at the Movies/Ten Spot
 * O Come All Ye Faithful (Rock for Choice) - 1996
 * 1987 - (2024, L.G. Records)

title: Shudder to Think


text:
User talk:Patfla

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

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Dori 06:31, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

Hi patfla -- I moved the page you created (Patfla) to your user page (User:Patfla), where it belongs. Please sign your comments with four tildes, thus: ~. Welcome (back) to wikipedia! bikeable (talk) 07:21, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Patfla


text:
User talk:BrainlessWonder

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

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Dori 06:31, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:BrainlessWonder


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User talk:Hopetocome

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
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Dori 06:31, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for the great work on Drosophila, it's a substantial article now. I reformatted the taxobox in line with wikipedia standards, you might want to check out WikiProject Tree of Life they have sample templates for these things, makes your life easier, by not having to create these things from scratch! Also, we tend not too include all intermediate classifications (subphylum, infraorder, superfamily etc.) unless the term is in general use or if it's really necessary. --Lexor 10:06, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Hi again, I merged your excellent thermoregulate article to thermoregulation, since that would be the primary word under which one would expect to find this concept. Please have a look at the merge and make corrections and discuss a possible proposed structure at Talk:Thermoregulation. --Lexor 11:04, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Hi again, could you please list your source for your new image at Image:Drosm3.gif, we need to know the source and the copyright status for it to stay at Wikipedia. Thanks. --Lexor 11:20, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * See my post in the Image talk:Drosm3.gif for a possible source of the image. --Mperkins 01:49, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hopetocome


text:
User talk:Lord Bob/Archive1

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

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Dori 06:31, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

No problem with order of precedence...We really ought to update it, at least to the first of the year, which is a logical point, but it's rather a tremendous task... john 00:42, 21 Jan 2004 (UTC)

War of 1812 and General Brock
Hey Lord Bob. Thanks for your Berton reference on the War of 1812 talk page -- I've also heard it as "a mere matter of marching" rather than "a matter of marching." I don't have a reliable reference to point to and can't even cite the source (a Jefferson letter, speech, article...?) but if I stumble on one, I'll post it.

Regarding your interest in General Brock and the battle of Queenston Heights: I attended Brock University in St. Catharines in the 1970s and have been mildly interested in both Sir Isaac and War of 1812 history ever since. So, I've kept something of an eye out for tv programs and websites on both subjects since.

You may find these two sites of interest; I've bookmarked them but not gone through them entirely.

http://www.generalbrock.com/

http://www.galafilm.com/1812/

I enjoyed watching the Galafilm documentary series, FWIW, and wouldn't hesitate to recommend it to anyone. Their upcoming companion CD-ROM also looks good.

Best wishes for your educational plans. And if you ever get down near Niagara Falls, do visit the Brock U. campus; in Pond Inlet, one of the quiet corners of the campus, they have a chunk of the original Brock sculpture from when the first Queenston Heights monument was blown up. So you can actually sit on Sir Isaac's shoulder. :)

Cheers,

- Patrick, Madmagic 22:59, Apr 11, 2004 (UTC)

More 1812 etc.
I'm not likely to be doing much more on the War of 1812, but I have looked over most (I think...) of the major Wikipedia pages related to the Military history of Canada, and it would appear more filling in of major gaps -- and something of a reorganization of that page -- are both badly needed.

Currently the Military history of Canada page itself contains a lot less on WWI (two paragraphs and some points with a link or two) than on 1812; the WWII section was a single paragraph yesterday (!) and even doubling the number of words and links now there would barely outline the major issues.

A question: Is there a place on Wikipedia (outside of the Village Pump & newcomers VP) where one can recruit others to help out with a page re-organization? Or is that just something to post on the relevant Talk page, and then go at it, following existing examples, the FAQs and style guides?

Since working on the WWII section and Intrepid page yesterday/ last night, it's occurred to me that one first step might be to create a sub-page off my User:madmagic page, and start a simple list-of-links, within Military history of Canada and related pages.

This isn't menat to be a page for public use, so much as a reference guide and fast navigation aid -- for the process of researching and then for internal linking, whenever I'm filling in gaps or trying to figure out the most practical way of re-ordering existing articles.

I'll likely do some work on that tonight and over the next few days. Check my page if you're interested and/or you want to comment/contribute. And thanks for your kind comments. :)

Cheers,

-Patrick Madmagic 04:57, Apr 12, 2004 (UTC)

Learning project
Hi Lord Bob, I found you when I read your comment at the vote regarding Pro-American sentiment. Unfortunately no one has yet taken care of it. But there are more important things. I started a project about learning, mainly vocabulary. Some guys discussed it with me on my user page. Since you are in the period of life where learning has a special focus I hope you are interested. If so, please let me know there as well. By the way, I spent a year in Toronto, and I like Canada a lot. Get-back-world-respect 01:10, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, well, I know qbasic sucks. It is just that I cannot program well in anything else than basic. Can you? I want to learn something better, just cannot make up my mind if I should opt for Java - which I once tried and found more difficult than basic - C++ or python. Get-back-world-respect 01:25, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Malicious Deletion Attempt
Hello. Sorry for the imposition, but I thought you might be interested to note that an article you supported in the past on vfd has been listed again under malicious circumstances - the 3rd such attempt in 7 months. Please feel free to review the discussion and cast your vote as you feel appropriate: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Atlantium --Gene_poole 10:33, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Opposition to Castro
Could you have another look at Opposition to Castro? I'm not sure what it was like when you looked at it (I gather is started out very POV), but at this point it looks to me like the nucleus of a good article. -- Jmabel | Talk 20:17, Nov 5, 2004 (UTC)

Wikinews demo up and running
Hi!

I'm writing to let you know that the Wikimedia Board of Trustees has approved the first stage of the Wikinews project. There's now a fully operational English demo site at demo.wikinews.org. This will be used for experimenting with various review models and basic policies before the site is launched officially in about a week. demo.wikinews.org will become the English version later. You voted for the Wikinews project, so I'm asking for your participation now. Everything is open, nothing is final. What Wikinews will and can be depends in large part on you. There already is a global Wikinews mailing list for discussing the project. If you are interested at all, please subscribe -- coordination is of key importance. There's also an IRC channel #wikinews on irc.freenode.net. Realtime discussion can help to polish up articles. If you're looking for something to do, check out the articles in development and articles in review. Or start a new story in the Wikinews workspace, or ignore the proposed review system - it's up to you. I hope you'll join us soon in this exciting experiment.--Eloquence* 01:58, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

Periodict table (anti)
You voted to keep this article. Since your vote new comments have established that its speculative since such a periodic table is just a conjecture which is already treated on the anti-matter page. Would you mind either commenting on the comments (if you think they don't justify deletion) or changing your vote?? Mozzerati 15:33, 2004 Nov 20 (UTC)

Your deletion strategy
Seems to me, that you have a lot of deleting going on - I saw your name in Dickinson High School, and it offended me somehow. First - because you put a Lord in front of your name and second because you haven't returned and added comments to the changes of the page. Now - could it be, that it is because of the first problem, that you must see some notability around, before you care? Or is it simply because you are of anti-initiative nature and want the world to concentrate on 1812-like events?

Please give room for more things to be described - and learn to be positive. Wikipedia can contain a lot of things incl. as many High Schools as it takes. Don't you know, that a school gets a special place in the heart of a human being - a thing to be remembered and not deleted in your memory? Or did you have some bad experience, when you went to school - so that you don't want to be reminded?

In an open society - like that of a Wikipedia - I see no reason for not including everything, that a person want to put into it. If you don't care about it, just don't read it and go on with what you like in your life. It's OK to tell the contributor (that's me), that the article needs improvement - and luckily someone did - but do want it deleted just because there is no Lords or Dragons or Generals or whatever from a specific High School - that's beyond my imagination.

So ... my good Lord - a good and sound advice is to become positive in an ever changing world. And give a helping hand, if need be. --Hansjorn 06:23, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

Henry Proct_r
If you ever get around to doing an article about General Henry Proctor, please note that people spell his name both "Proctor" and "Procter". "Proctor" seems to be more widely used, but "Procter" seems to be preferred by more trustworthy sources. --Kevin Myers 05:13, May 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hello! You don't know me, but I'm working on getting Isaac Brock as a feature article. It's in peer review right now. In any case, I've written a Henry Procter stub (it was a red link in Isaac Brock, and I couldn't have that), and I have Proctor as a redirect. If you have time, take a look at it.  It's pretty bare bones.
 * Best Wishes. --Scimitar 23:24, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Elizabeth II renaming (round XXXIV)
You may have noticed *mega sigh* that yet another user has dragged up the lets rename Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom farce, only 9 days after the last vote ended. (What next? A vote every day on the issue next?) I have proposed instead this vote on Talk:Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom page:

That Wikipedia stop wasting time on endless revoting on this goddamned issue and ban votes on this issue from this page for at least six months.

Hopefully this will put this nonsense to bed for at least 6 months. Your (hopefully final) vote would be welcome. Fear ÉIREANN \(caint) 21:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Revert on Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/SimCentral
Sorry about that, I mainly saw something funny happen to one of my tags underneath to a scok/meat puppet and reverted it. I think I didn't visually process the addition of a comment too. An honest, if unfortunate, mistake. I have reverted my revert and repaired my tag manually. Thanks for alerting me (and for being nice about it). -Splash 07:18, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

User:FatherSkeel
On my way to class so I don't have time to deal with this properly, so I thought I'd alert you instead if you want to say anything. I suspect FatherSkeel of being a serial vandal also using sock puppets Hubris and Dogman1. --Dvyost 13:55, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

War of 1812
You know, I never would have guessed before I put this on my Watchlist that it would be such a target of random vandalism. Jkelly 02:30, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Admin
I noticed on RfA your observation that you are a two-year veteran non-admin. If you ever want the mop, you can count on my strong support (and I'll happily nominate if you wish). I firmly believe we need more sane admins. Best wishes, Xoloz 22:02, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

My RFA
I want to thank you for voting in my RFA even though u opposed me I understand why. Thanks Again. And oh yeah even though you opposed me in mine I agree with Xoloz u should become a admin and I also could nominate you if you like --JAranda | watz sup 23:04, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Royal Canadian Navy pictures
Hi, I noticed you have added a few picture from the RCN website. I guess it is wikipedia's policy to no longer allow images that are only for non-commercial use. According to the copyright info page the RCN images are only available for non-commercial use. I was just wondering if you did have permission to put them on wikipedia. If not they will have to be deleted, sadly. --129.173.105.28 18:24, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * You are very likely correct about the Canadian naval images being delete-worthy. At the time I uploaded them, these policies did not apply, and I am quite upset that they apply now but that's an argument for another time. They're going to be pretty difficult, if not impossible, to replace with free images (although I live near Canada's Pacific naval base, so I might be able to track down, like, one). Still, I ain't running to a sysop telling them to speedy them all, let's just say. (reply mirrored from the anony's talk page, since you can never tell if an IP will get it if it's at their talk page) Lord Bob 18:40, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I completely agree with you; I wish Wikipedia would allow not for profit material. I'm in no rush to tag existing images, I was hoping by some stroke of luck someone had received authority.  --129.173.105.28 19:00, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

You
I wish to interview you, or atleast find out your life story, and some other things. I am trying to research all about humankind and all types of peoples. I have randomly chosen you, if you wish to comply to this, it can be done in secrecy through e-mail, or easily on the talk pages, which ever is easiest for you. But if you don't like this idea, then tell me on talk page. Privat e   Butcher  01:11, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Fir e Fo  x  RFA

Thanks for your support on my request for adminship.

The final outcome was (96/2/0), so I am now an administrator. If you ever have any queries about my actions, please do not hesitate to contact me. Again, thanks! Fir e  Fo  x  18:50, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Bloggerhell
Well, it's happened. We ended up with the one absolutely unacceptable result: one of them got deleted (Blogging Tories) and the other one got kept (Progressive Bloggers). What would you propose that we do to resolve this, since it constitutes "bias by inclusion" to treat them differently from each other? Bearcat 19:15, 24 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi. I'd ask that you have a look at Wikipedia_talk:Articles_for_deletion/Blogging_Tories and see what you think of my contribution.  While I agree that it's unfortunate that these articles weren't treated equally, that is the way that it work sometimes.  I've also put some thoughts at Wikipedia_talk:Articles_for_deletion/Progressive Bloggers that make me feel that this did fall acceptably in the range of "no consensus", although it was very close. I'd hate to see what I believe was the correct (if poorly annotated) deletion decision overturned.  brenneman (t) (c)  12:40, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Edit #1000
Congrats! =) --Dvyost 03:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much. I'm almost a fourth of the way to catching you. :P Lord Bob 03:52, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The way I've been going lately, you may find it easier than you expect... =) --Dvyost 04:13, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Featured article for December 25th
I noticed you have listed yourself in Category:Atheist Wikipedians. That said, you will probably be interested in my suggested featured article for December 25th: Omnipotence paradox. The other suggestion being supported by others for that date is Christmas, although Raul654 has historically been against featuring articles on the same day as their anniversary/holiday. — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-11-28 08:24

Classic Rock
Hello. I was wondering if you would like to participate in my classic rock survey. I'm trying to find the most liked classic rock song. There is more information on my user page. Hope you participate! 02:59, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Sour Grapes... wait! Now I get it!
Hi your Lordshipfullness,

Thanks for voting to support my RfA. I wasn't expecting an unopposed promotion (I thought I'd hit some die-hard edit-counters at least) and I'm touched by the trust shown in me. I'll try my best to continue to earn that trust. But first, I'll have to work on not sounding like a politician; that last sentence was awful. Oh well. Let me know when I screw something up with the shiny new buttons. —Bunchofgrapes (talk) 05:45, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Toronto Argonauts history
Hi, I am just wondering if you know what the Toronto Argonauts helmets looked like in the 60's. I am creating the 1967 CFL season and I can't put a helmet on until I know the helmet accurately.

Thanks for your help -User Talk:Bestghuran

BD2412's RFA
Thanks, Lord Bob, for supporting my RfA - I was truly touched by the confidence my fellow editors have shown in me, and well do my best as an admin to help make the dream of Wikipedia into a reality! BD2412 T 07:22, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

The Black List
I think that you should be informed that you are on the Black List. I wouldn't worry or anything if I were you, just conceal any personal information he doesn't have about you. No need to make things easy for banned users. Izehar (talk) 18:33, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * What is amusing is the way he takes the quotes out of context and misrepresents them. John Doe#16 22:43, 16 December 2005 (UTC) (what do you think of my signature - I'm trying it out)

[Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sturmgrenadier]
hi, there is an organized campaign to save the above self-promotional vanity games-club page from deletion.... i'm wondering if you'd be willing to take a look and voice your opinion? normally i wouldnt care but (a) i hate organized campaigns from groups of users (especially when they have vested interests but dont declare them) and (b) when challenged about it, they suggested i try it myself! so here i am.... cheers! Zzzzz 20:43, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

edit conflict on TFD
You accidentally removed one of my votes in this edit:. It's an easy mistake to make on such a busy page, but please be careful about it in the future. Thanks, FreplySpang (talk) 19:30, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Kids these days, wiki'ing in class! :-) No problem, just wanted to let you know. FreplySpang (talk) 19:38, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Stephen Harper as PM

 * You might want this on your user page. -- AmeriCan 18:45, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Odd
I was looking at the scientology user box TfD and I saw something odd... I looked back and found everything had changed during [this edit. So, is it you browswer that transliterates Japanese characters or what?  I just found that to be really odd. [[User:Grenavitar|gren]] グレン ? 15:28, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I figured it would have to be something like a browser since it happened with Misstress Selina's signature too... very odd though... what failure to read encoding would transliterate a word? (since the Japanese is just Gren in Japanesse characters). It's just funny since it was my signature but hopefully that won't happen on pages with Japanese characters. gren グレン ? 16:35, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks

I would like to express my thanks to all the good people who spent their valuable time time and effort working on my (failed) RfA voting. Especially for those who actually voted to support me :). Lets move on and make together our Wikipedia an even greater place abakharev 09:30, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Articles For Deletion
Hi, a while ago you made some comments about the presence of bible-verse articles, and/or source texts of the bible, and you may therefore be interested in related new discussions:
 * A discussion about 200 articles, one each for the first 200 verses of Matthew - Centralized discussion/200 verses of Matthew
 * A discussion about 18 articles, one each for the first 18 verses of John 20 - Centralized discussion/Verses of John 20
 * A discussion about whether or not the entire text of a whole bible chapter should be contained in the 6 articles concerning those specific chapters - Centralized discussion/Whole bible chapter text.

--Victim of signature fascism | Don't forget to vote in the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee elections 18:24, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there!--DarkEvil 17:11, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for supporting my RfA. It was successful and I hope to be a good administrator. Essexmutant 11:39, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

My RfA
Hi. On behalf of my right eye, I'd like to thank you for giving me your support on my recent RfA. It ended with a final tally of (73/2/2) and therefore I have been installed as an administrator now, and I'm ready to serve Wikipedians all over the world with my newly acquired mop and bucket. If you have any questions, do not hestitate to forward them to my talkpage. Once again, thanks for your support.  Soothing R  21:06, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

my RfA
Hi Lord Bob,

Just a quick (belated) note to express my thanks for your support in my RfA. You are right about images in sigs - WP:SIG makes this quite clear and I have altered my sig accordingly.

Anyway, as it stands I have around 70%, so I'll need a few more supports in order to get admin status. I have been quite disappointed that most of those in opposition seem to have disregarded the sentiments on my user page - but hey, that's life.

Thank you again for your support! DJR (Talk) 11:48, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Please vote
Hi. You voted in support of Alex Bakharev his previous RfA, and I just wanted to let you know that there's a second one at Requests for adminship/Alex Bakharev 2. --Khoikhoi 03:11, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:HMCS_Calgary_FFH-335.jpg
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Torino 2006 Women's Ice Hockey Semi-final Game Upset
Hello, Just to clarify: I totally agree with you that it was an upset, I was just trying to prove my point when it was removed and another statement that was just as much (or rather, as little) POV was kept. The way I see it, when something that has never happened before and that no-one (not even the Swedes) had expected happens, it's clearly an upset, even from a neutral point of view. --x-Flare-x 05:50, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

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Question (moved from top of page)
re: "discussion is over, continue discussion on article talk page if you must" edit, here. where can i find the talk page you speak of? Validusername 04:56, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

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This May Just Change Your vote On the Stephen Glicker thing
Steve's NDA on this has finally expired so now it's okay to talk about it. He Founded and Ran a multimillion Dollar company called supernova Inc. for 8 years. It has accounts with Disney, VISA, AT&T, MTV, Etc... (He recently sold it about a year or 2 ago) The site I think this proves noteabillity.--Sgore 20:30, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Totally wrong about Messier
Number 4 on my list of the best Hockey players. Mind you, he is number 2 on my list of Centers.

Overall, in terms of who I'd want on a team to make a play-off push, he's behind a young Gretzky, a Devils/Early Avalanche Claude Lemiux and a right-now Henrik Lundqvist. Anyway, since theres always a shortage of Hockey fans, just thought I'd drop by and stir up trouble. - M ask 01:35, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Whats your home town? I've lived pretty close to Canada my whole life (B.C. and the Yukon here in Alaska, and I spent some time in the American 25% of Sault Ste. Marie, of which Ontario gets 3/4ths. - M ask [[Image:Flag_of_Alaska.svg|20 px]] 01:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Vbus
You wrote: "I feel a vague tingle when I think "somewhere in Poland, somebody sat down and said 'the world needs software to design cartoon buses.'" Unfortunately for the author, not a lot of people have thought the same thing, or this product might be notable. Delete."
 * I love it! This is very funny. I would totally add it to my Crazy Russian Wikipedia Hall of Fame for Excellent Remarks - if I had one. Cheers, - the.crazy.russian (T) (C) (E)  17:37, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

ProhibitOnions's RfA
And thanks for the kind comments! Best wishes, ProhibitOnions 22:31, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Random high-five...
...for your taste in hockey teams and music. Oil in 7, baby! Doogie2K (talk) 00:13, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

YEA BABY GO OILERSMax.pwnage 20:00, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Featured article candidates/Daniel Brandt
I'd like to invite you to review and participate in the discussion at Featured article candidates/Daniel Brandt. This is not a request for your endorsement, simply a request for your participation in the discussion. Thank you. -- 18:20, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Edmonton Oilers
Hello Mr. Bob, it has come to my attention that you have been disrespecting Michael Peca and Fernando Pisani. I would just like to let you know you should probably start watching the NHL playoffs on CBC, where you can see Peca/Pisani lighting up Ilya Bryzgalov. Without these two the Edmonton Oilers hopes for the stanley cup would be downed. What now?? Max.pwnage 19:59, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Team Canada
What do you all think of the Canadian National hockey team's performance this year. Who knows what in the Olympics and 4th in the recent World Hockey Championship. What is the Problem? For the WHC i believe the problem is the Edmonton Oilers are still in the playoffs making all of the Canadian players off of the Oilers roster uneligible to play. What is going on here? Is Canada being surpassed by all other countries in the sport of hockey?Max.pwnage 02:49, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

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Favorite Songs
My survey has changed. I am now continuing my mission for the best songs, but now I am accepting all genres. I'm giving you a chance to revote for your top ten favorite songs of any genres (not just classic rock which is still the best). I've made a executive decision to keep the existing survey results and just add on to that with the new entries. My feeling for doing this is because classic rock is the most influential genre in music currently so it should be expressed more in the survey. Thank you for contributing in the past, and hopefully in the future. ROCK ON. RENTASTRAWBERRY  FOR LET?  röck  03:23, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Long talk page
Greetings! Your talk page is getting a bit long in the tooth - please consider archiving your talk page (or ask me and I'll archive it for you). Cheers! BD2412 T 00:09, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lord Bob/Archive1


text:
User talk:Lisap

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dori 06:32, Nov 25, 2003 (UTC)

Hi Lisap, welcome to Wikipedia. I saw you added some good stuff in some marine animals section which is great - we definitely welcome more contributions in that area! I'm trying to work on whales (a big list of whale articles is available at cetacea if you fancy a look). If you have any questions and can't find the answer in the dazzling array of help pages ... they can seem a bit daunting when you first meet them... then feel free to ask on my talk page (here) and I should be able to point you in the right direction. Pete 08:33, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lisap


text:
Talk:List of 4GLs

What is a 4GL? unhelpful article

There is an article describing what a 4GL is. --davidzuccaro 07:18, 25 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of 4GLs


text:
Whitehead Institute

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research is a non-profit research institute located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States that is dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical research. It was founded as a fiscally independent entity from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where its 19 members all hold faculty appointments in the MIT Department of Biology or the MIT Department of Bioengineering. , Ruth Lehmann is its director; she succeeded David C. Page.

History
Whitehead Institute was founded in 1982 by industrialist and philanthropist Edwin C. “Jack” Whitehead (1920–1992), who sought to establish a research institute "dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical science". Whitehead believed that while such an institution should be closely affiliated with an academic institution, it should remain wholly independent and self-governing. In David Baltimore (1975 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine), Whitehead found a partner who agreed that this approach would create an "optimum environment for basic research". As Whitehead Institute's Founding Director, Baltimore handpicked Harvey Lodish, and Robert Weinberg from MIT, Gerald Fink from Cornell University, and Rudolf Jaenisch from University of Hamburg, Germany, to be Whitehead Institute's Founding Members. This group then identified promising younger scientists to be the first generation of Whitehead Members; and they established the Whitehead Fellows Program as a vehicle for accelerating the careers of highly promising young investigators.

Less than a decade after its founding, the Institute for Scientific Information in Philadelphia identified Whitehead as the top research institution in the world in molecular biology and genetics, based on the impact of its scientific publications. Whitehead Institute's Center for Genome Research (CGR) became the single largest contributor to the Human Genome Project, and reportedly contributed one-third of the human genome sequence announced in June 2000.

In 2004 the CGR formed the independent Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, of which then-Whitehead Member Eric Lander was named Founding Director and President.

Whitehead Institute's influence continues - over a 10-year period, papers published by Whitehead scientists had more impact in molecular biology and genetics than those from any of the 15 leading research universities and life sciences institutes in the United States. Training and education is integral to Whitehead Institute's mission and approximately 300 undergraduates, graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and visiting scientists are integrally engaged in its research programs. Four times since 2009, the Whitehead Institute has been ranked first as the Best Place to Work for Postdocs in USA by The Scientist magazine.

Today, Whitehead scientists run research programs in cancer biology, developmental biology, genetics and genomics, metabolism, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disease, and regenerative medicine. In addition, numerous biotech companies have been launched by Whitehead Members or based on intellectual property developed at the institute, such as Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Rubius Therapeutics, and Verastem.

In 2019, according to the NACUBO report, the institute had an endowment of $527.9 million.

Faculty
The Whitehead faculty currently comprises 19 members whose laboratories focus on biology's most fundamental questions. The Members, who are all also MIT faculty members, are:
 * David Bartel
 * Iain Cheeseman
 * Olivia Corradin
 * Gerald R. Fink
 * Mary Gehring
 * Rudolf Jaenisch
 * Ankur Jain
 * Ruth Lehmann
 * Pulin Li
 * Harvey F. Lodish
 * Sebastian Lourido
 * David C. Page
 * Peter W. Reddien
 * Robert A. Weinberg
 * Jonathan Weissman
 * Jing-Ke Weng
 * Yukiko Yamashita
 * Richard A. Young

Fellows Program
In addition to faculty-led labs, the Whitehead Fellows Program, established in 1984, provides an opportunity for highly accomplished recent PhDs and MDs to direct their own labs as Principal Investigators, rather than work in a senior researcher's lab as a traditional postdoctoral researcher. Fellows receive dedicated lab space and funds for equipment, lab operations, salary, and core staffing. More than a dozen similar programs have since been established around the country, including those at the University of California/San Francisco, Carnegie Institution, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

Past Whitehead Fellows include George Q. Daley, Dean of Harvard Medical School; Angelika Amon, the late MIT professor and cancer researcher; Kathleen Rubins, NASA astronaut and space biologist; and Stanford University professor Peter S. Kim, who is former President of Merck Research Laboratories. Current Whitehead Fellows include Lindsey Backman, who studies the human microbiome; Tobiloba Oni, who studies pancreatic cancer; and Kipp Weiskopf, who studies activation of myeloid cells in tumors to treat cancer.

title: Whitehead Institute


text:
Pinko

Pinko is a pejorative term for a person on the left of the political spectrum. The term has its origins in the notion that pink is a lighter shade of red, a color associated with communism. Thus pink could describe a "lighter form of communism", purportedly promoted by supporters and believers of socialism who were not themselves actual or "card carrying" communists. The term pinko has a pejorative sense, whereas "pink" in this definition can be used in a purely descriptive sense, such as in the term pink tide.

One of the first recorded uses of pinko was in Time magazine in 1925 as a variant on the noun and adjective pink, which had been used along with parlor pink since the beginning of the 20th century to refer to those of leftish sympathies, usually with an implication of effeteness. In the 1920s, for example, a Wall Street Journal editorial described supporters of the Progressive politician Robert La Follette as "visionaries, ne'er do wells, parlor pinks, reds, hyphenates [Americans with divided allegiance], soft handed agriculturalists and working men who have never seen a shovel."

Pinko was widely used during the Cold War to label individuals accused of supporting the Soviet Union and Communist China, including many supporters of former vice president Henry Wallace's 1948 U.S. presidential campaign of the Progressive Party. Many politicians, like Richard Nixon, exploited the fear of communism by referring to their opponents as "pinkos". The word was predominantly used in the United States, where opposition to Communism grew strong among the population, especially during the McCarthy era. It was also in common use in South Africa during the apartheid era. In his two presidential campaigns, Alabama governor George Wallace often railed at what he called "the left-wing pinko press" and "pseudo-pinko-intellectuals."

Some of the most infamous uses of the term pink came during future president Richard Nixon's 1950 Senate campaign against Helen Gahagan Douglas: "She's pink right down to her underwear!" – a play on the fact that, at the time, pink was the usual color of women's undergarments. Nixon regularly referred to her as "the Pink Lady", and his campaign distributed political flyers printed on sheets of pink paper.

title: Pinko


text:
Water vascular system

The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. Echinoderms move by alternately contracting muscles that force water into the tube feet, causing them to extend and push against the ground, then relaxing to allow the feet to retract.

The exact structure of the system varies somewhat between the five classes of echinoderm. The system is part of the coelomic cavities of echinoderms, together with the haemal coelom (or haemal system), perivisceral coelom, gonadal coelom and perihaemal coelom.

Other terms sometimes used to refer to the water vascular system are "ambulacral system"  and "aquiferous system". In the past, "aquiferous system" was also used to refer to many unrelated invertebrate structures, but today, it is restricted to water channels in sponges and the hydrostatic skeleton of some mollusks like Polinices.

Sea stars
In sea stars, water enters the system through a sieve-like structure on the upper surface of the animal, called the madreporite. This overlies a small sac, or ampulla, connected to a duct termed the stone canal, which is, as its name implies, commonly lined with calcareous material. The stone canal runs to a circular ring canal, from which radial canals run outwards along the ambulacral grooves. Each arm of a sea star has one such groove on its underside, while, in sea urchins, they run along the outside of the body.

Each side of the radial canals gives rise to a row of bulb-like ampullae, which are connected via lateral canals. In sea stars these are always staggered, so that an ampulla on the left follows one on the right, and so on down the length of the radial canal. The ampullae are connected to suckerlike podia. The entire structure is called a tube foot. In most cases, the small lateral canals connecting the ampullae to the radial canal are of equal length, so that the tube feet are arranged in two rows, one along each side of the groove. In some species, however, there are alternately long and short lateral canals, giving the appearance of two rows on each side of the groove, for four in total.

Contraction of the ampullae causes the podia to stretch as water is brought into them. This whole process allows for movement, and is quite powerful but extremely slow.

The central ring canal, in addition to connecting the radial canals to each other and to the stone canal, also has a number of other specialised structures on the inner surface. In between each radial canal, in many sea star species, there lies a muscular sac called a polian vesicle. The ring canal also has four or five pairs of complex pouches, called Tiedemann's bodies. These apparently produce coelomocytes, amoeboid cells somewhat similar to the blood cells of vertebrates.

Although the contents of the water vascular system are essentially sea water, apart from coelomocytes, the fluid also contains some protein and high levels of potassium salts.

Ophiuroids
Ophiuroids, the group including brittle stars and basket stars, have a somewhat different water vascular system from sea stars, despite their superficially similar appearance. The madreporite is located on the underside of the animal, usually in one of the jaw plates. The stone canal runs upwards to the ring canal, typically located in a circular depression on the upper (i.e. internal) surface of the jaws. The ring canal has four polian vesicles.

Ophiuroids have no ambulacral groove, and the radial canals instead run through the solid bone-like ossicles of the arms. Unlike sea stars, the tube feet are paired instead of staggered, and there are no ampullae. Instead, a simple valve at the upper end of the foot helps to control water pressure in the tube feet, along with contraction of the associated canals.

Sea urchins
The madreporite of sea urchins is located within one of the plates surrounding the anus on the upper surface of the animal. The stone canal descends from the madreporite to the ring canal, which lies around the oesophagus, and includes a number of polian vesicles. Because sea urchins have no arms, the five radial canals simply run along the inside of the solid skeletal "test", arching upwards towards the anus.

The ampullae branching off from either side of the radial canals give rise to ten rows of tube feet, which penetrate through holes in the test to the outside. As in sea stars, the ampullae are arranged alternately, but in most (though not all) cases they split into two as they pass through the test before merging again on the outer side. The tube feet of sea urchins are often highly modified for different purposes. The radial canal ends in a small water-filled tentacle which protrudes through the uppermost plate of the ambulacral region.

Crinoids
Uniquely among echinoderms, crinoids have no madreporite. Instead, the oral surface is dotted with numerous minute ciliated funnels that run into the main body cavity. The ring canal has several small stone canals, located between the arms of the animal, but these open into the body cavity, and thus are only indirectly connected to the outside.

The five radial canals run into the arms and branch several times to supply all of the individual branches and pinnules lining the arms. As in other echinoderms, the radial canals give rise to lateral canals, but there are no ampullae, and clusters of three tube feet branch from the ends of each canal, except around the mouth, where they are found singly. In the absence of ampullae, water pressure is maintained by the ring canal, which is surrounded by contractile muscle fibres.

Sea cucumbers
The water vascular system of sea cucumbers has no connection to the outside, and is thus filled with the internal coelomic fluid, rather than sea water. The madreporite is present, but lies within the body cavity, just below the pharynx. The stone canal is relatively short.

The ring canal normally has one to four polian vesicles, but in the order Apodida, there may be as many as fifty. The radial canals run through notches in the calcareous plates surrounding the mouth and then run along the ambulacral areas along the length of the body. Lateral canals run to both the tube feet and the large oral tentacles, all of which possess ampullae. The Apodida, which have no tube feet, also have no radial canals, with the canals to the tentacles branching off directly from the ring canal. 991–992

title: Water vascular system


text:
Eric Harris (disambiguation)

Eric Harris (1981–1999) was one of the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre.

Eric Harris may also refer to:

 * Eric Courtney Harris (1970/1–2015), African-American who was a victim of a fatal police shooting in Oklahoma
 * Eric Harris (gridiron football) (1955–2012), NFL player
 * Eric Harris (rugby league) (1910–?), rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s for Western Suburbs and Leeds
 * Eric Harris (athlete) (born 1991), American sprinter

title: Eric Harris (disambiguation)